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Di Gennaro G, Romigi A, Quarato PP, Mascia A, D'Aniello A, Panzini C, Casciato S, Grammaldo L, Centonze D, Esposito V. Prognostic value of scalp EEG ictal patterns in epilepsy surgery of hippocampal sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:5003-5009. [PMID: 38695967 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) is a surgically treatable epileptic syndrome. While the core of pre-surgical evaluations rely on video-EEG, recent studies question the necessity of recorded seizures denying a possible role of ictal EEG in surgical decision. This study aims to retrospectively assess the prognostic value of EEG ictal patterns in TLE-HS, in order to identify which patients need further investigations before offering surgery. METHODS We included TLE-HS patients who underwent surgery with at least one captured seizure during non-invasive pre-surgical video-EEG recordings. They were classified in "mesial" and "lateral/mixed", according to the ictal EEG patterns, defined by the frequency of the discharge (mesial ≥ 5 Hz, lateral < 5 Hz). Seizure outcome was assessed by Engel's Class. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between EEG patterns and post-surgical outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-nine exhibited a mesial pattern, forty- two displayed lateral/mixed patterns. Mesial pattern group had a significantly higher rate of postsurgical seizure freedom (82.7% vs. 28.6%). Gender, age of onset, age at surgery, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, and lateralization did not influence the outcome. Mesial pattern significantly correlated with favorable outcomes (p < 0.001), suggesting its potential predictive value. CONCLUSION This retrospective study proposes ictal EEG patterns as possible predictors of postoperative prognosis in TLE-HS. A mesial pattern correlates with better outcomes, indicating a potentially more circumscribed epileptogenic zone. Patients with lateral/mixed patterns may benefit from additional investigations to delineate the epileptogenic zone. Further studies are warranted to validate and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Romigi
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Atinense, 18, 86170, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Università Telematica Internazionale UNINETTUNO, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Panzini
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Atinense, 18, 86170, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Sara Casciato
- Department of Neurology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diego Centonze
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Atinense, 18, 86170, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Atinense, 18, 86170, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Human, Neurosciences-"Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Jha R, Chua MMJ, Liu DD, Cosgrove GR, Tobochnik S, Rolston JD. Characterization of anti-seizure medication reduction and discontinuation rates following epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 158:109944. [PMID: 39002278 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many patients pursue epilepsy surgery with the hope of reducing or stopping anti-seizure medications (ASMs), in addition to reducing their seizure frequency and severity. While ASM decrease is primarily driven by surgical outcomes and patient preferences, preoperative estimates of meaningful ASM reduction or discontinuation are uncertain, especially when accounting for the various forking paths possible following intracranial EEG (iEEG), including resection, neuromodulation, or even the absence of further surgery. Here, we characterize in detail the ASM reduction in a large cohort of patients who underwent iEEG, facilitating proactive, early counseling for a complicated cohort considering surgical treatment. METHODS We identified a multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent iEEG between 2001 and 2022, with a minimum of two years follow-up. The total number of ASMs prescribed immediately prior to surgery, choice of investigation modality, and subsequent surgical treatment were extracted for each patient. Primary endpoints included decreases in ASM counts from preoperative baseline to various follow-up intervals. RESULTS A total of 284 patients were followed for a median of 6.0 (range 2,22) years after iEEG surgery. Patients undergoing resection saw an average reduction of ∼ 0.5 ASMs. Patients undergoing neuromodulation saw no decrease and trended towards requiring increased ASM usage during long-term follow-up. Only patients undergoing resection were likely to completely discontinue all ASMs, with an increasing probability over time approaching ∼ 10 %. Up to half of resection patients saw ASM decreases, which was largely stable during long-term follow-up, whereas only a quarter of neuromodulation patients saw a reduction, though their ASM reduction decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS With the increasing use of stereotactic EEG and non-curative neuromodulation procedures, realistic estimates of ASM reduction and discontinuation should be considered preoperatively. Almost half of patients undergoing resective surgery can expect to reduce their ASMs, though only a tenth can expect to discontinue ASMs completely. If reduction is not seen early, it likely does not occur later during long-term follow-up. Less than a third of patients undergoing neuromodulation can expect ASM reduction, and instead most may require increased usage during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Jha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David D Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garth R Cosgrove
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Tobochnik
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhai SR, Sarma SV, Gunnarsdottir K, Crone NE, Rouse AG, Cheng JJ, Kinsman MJ, Landazuri P, Uysal U, Ulloa CM, Cameron N, Inati S, Zaghloul KA, Boerwinkle VL, Wyckoff S, Barot N, González-Martínez JA, Kang JY, Smith RJ. Virtual stimulation of the interictal EEG network localizes the EZ as a measure of cortical excitability. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1425625. [PMID: 39229346 PMCID: PMC11368849 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1425625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, successful localization and surgical treatment of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) can bring seizure freedom. However, surgical success rates vary widely because there are currently no clinically validated biomarkers of the EZ. Highly epileptogenic regions often display increased levels of cortical excitability, which can be probed using single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES), where brief pulses of electrical current are delivered to brain tissue. It has been shown that high-amplitude responses to SPES can localize EZ regions, indicating a decreased threshold of excitability. However, performing extensive SPES in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) is time-consuming. Thus, we built patient-specific in silico dynamical network models from interictal intracranial EEG (iEEG) to test whether virtual stimulation could reveal information about the underlying network to identify highly excitable brain regions similar to physical stimulation of the brain. Methods: We performed virtual stimulation in 69 patients that were evaluated at five centers and assessed for clinical outcome 1 year post surgery. We further investigated differences in observed SPES iEEG responses of 14 patients stratified by surgical outcome. Results: Clinically-labeled EZ cortical regions exhibited higher excitability from virtual stimulation than non-EZ regions with most significant differences in successful patients and little difference in failure patients. These trends were also observed in responses to extensive SPES performed in the EMU. Finally, when excitability was used to predict whether a channel is in the EZ or not, the classifier achieved an accuracy of 91%. Discussion: This study demonstrates how excitability determined via virtual stimulation can capture valuable information about the EZ from interictal intracranial EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R. Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sridevi V. Sarma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristin Gunnarsdottir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nathan E. Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam G. Rouse
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael J. Kinsman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Patrick Landazuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Utku Uysal
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Carol M. Ulloa
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Nathaniel Cameron
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sara Inati
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kareem A. Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Varina L. Boerwinkle
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah Wyckoff
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Niravkumar Barot
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Joon Y. Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel June Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Schwaderlapp N, Paschen E, LeVan P, von Elverfeldt D, Haas CA. Probing hippocampal stimulation in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy with functional MRI. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2024; 3:1423770. [PMID: 39205946 PMCID: PMC11349577 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2024.1423770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrical neurostimulation is currently used to manage epilepsy, but the most effective approach for minimizing seizure occurrence is uncertain. While functional MRI (fMRI) can reveal which brain areas are affected by stimulation, simultaneous deep brain stimulation (DBS)-fMRI examinations in patients are rare and the possibility to investigate multiple stimulation protocols is limited. In this study, we utilized the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) to systematically examine the brain-wide responses to electrical stimulation using fMRI. We compared fMRI responses of saline-injected controls and epileptic mice during stimulation in the septal hippocampus (HC) at 10 Hz and demonstrated the effects of different stimulation amplitudes (80-230 μA) and frequencies (1-100 Hz) in epileptic mice. Motivated by recent studies exploring 1 Hz stimulation to prevent epileptic seizures, we furthermore investigated the effect of prolonged 1 Hz stimulation with fMRI. Compared to sham controls, epileptic mice showed less propagation to the contralateral HC, but significantly stronger responses in the ipsilateral HC and a wider spread to the entorhinal cortex and septal region. Varying the stimulation amplitude had little effect on the resulting activation patterns, whereas the stimulation frequency represented the key parameter and determined whether the induced activation remained local or spread from the hippocampal formation into cortical areas. Prolonged stimulation of epileptic mice at 1 Hz caused a slight reduction in local excitability. In this way, our study contributes to a better understanding of these stimulation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Schwaderlapp
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pierre LeVan
- Department of Radiology and Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carola A. Haas
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Sohail DA, Bashir DR, Mehmood Qadri DH, Bashir A. Unleashing the potential of epilepsy surgery in Pakistan: A possible game-changer for refractory epilepsy. BRAIN & SPINE 2024; 4:102922. [PMID: 39253296 PMCID: PMC11382318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asif Bashir
- Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Langbein J, Boddeti U, Kreinbrink M, Khan Z, Rampalli I, Bachani M, Ksendzovsky A. Therapeutic approaches targeting seizure networks. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 4:1441983. [PMID: 39171119 PMCID: PMC11335476 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1441983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting over 65 million people worldwide. Despite medical management with anti-seizure medications (ASMs), many patients fail to achieve seizure freedom, with over one-third of patients having drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Even with surgical management through resective surgery and/or neuromodulatory interventions, over 50 % of patients continue to experience refractory seizures within a year of surgery. Over the past 2 decades, studies have increasingly suggested that treatment failure is likely driven by untreated components of a pathological seizure network, a shift in the classical understanding of epilepsy as a focal disorder. However, this shift in thinking has yet to translate to improved treatments and seizure outcomes in patients. Here, we present a narrative review discussing the process of surgical epilepsy management. We explore current surgical interventions and hypothesized mechanisms behind treatment failure, highlighting evidence of pathologic seizure networks. Finally, we conclude by discussing how the network theory may inform surgical management, guiding the identification and targeting of more appropriate surgical regions. Ultimately, we believe that adapting current surgical practices and neuromodulatory interventions towards targeting seizure networks offers new therapeutic strategies that may improve seizure outcomes in patients suffering from DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Langbein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ujwal Boddeti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Kreinbrink
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ziam Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ihika Rampalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muzna Bachani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Ksendzovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Jha R, Chua MMJ, Sarkis R, Tobochnik S, Rolston JD. Predictors of SOZ localization, subsequent surgical intervention, and seizure outcomes in iEEG. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1787-1797. [PMID: 38831617 PMCID: PMC11251470 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A third of the patients who undergo intracranial EEG (iEEG) for seizure-onset zone (SOZ) localization do not proceed to resective surgery for epilepsy, and over half of those who do continue to have seizures following treatment. To better identify candidates who are more likely to see benefits from undergoing iEEG, we investigated preoperative and iEEG peri-operative features associated with the localization of a putative SOZ, undergoing subsequent surgical treatment, and seizure outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent iEEG from 2001 to 2022 at two institutions. Outcomes included SOZ identification, proceeding to surgical treatment (resection vs. neuromodulation), and subsequent seizure freedom. RESULTS We identified 329 unique patients who were followed for a median of 3.9 (IQR:7) years, with a minimum of 2-year follow-up for seizure outcomes analyses. Multivariate analysis identified lateralized and lobar localization on scalp EEG (OR 3.8, p = 0.001) to be associated with SOZ localization. Patients with unilateral localization on scalp EEG (OR 3.0, p = 0.003), unilateral preimplantation hypothesis (OR 3.1, p = 0.001), and lesional preoperative MRI (OR 2.1, p = 0.033) were more likely to undergo resection than neuromodulation. Similarly, a unilateral pre-implantation hypothesis (OR 2.6, p < 0.001) favored seizure freedom, whereas prior neuromodulation (OR 0.3, p = 0.013) decreased the odds. Larger number of preoperative anti-seizure medications (ASMs) did not influence seizure freedom rates but did decrease favorable (Engel I, II) seizure outcomes (OR 0.7, p = 0.026). INTERPRETATION Non-invasive localization data prior to iEEG are associated with subsequent resection and seizure freedom, independent of iEEG localization. Factors predictive of SOZ localization are not necessarily predictive of post-operative seizure freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Jha
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of NeurosurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rani Sarkis
- Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven Tobochnik
- Department of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John D. Rolston
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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8
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Vary O'Neal A, Tamani I, Mendo CW, Josephson CB, Burneo JG, Steven DA, Keezer MR. Epilepsy surgery in adults older than 50 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1548-1559. [PMID: 38581402 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the general safety and efficacy of epilepsy surgery, there is evidence that epilepsy surgery remains underutilized. Although there are an increasing number of studies reporting epilepsy surgery in older adults, there is no consensus on whether epilepsy surgery is efficacious or safe for this population. Our objective was to systematically assess the efficacy as well as safety of resective surgery in people aged 50 years or older with drug-resistant epilepsy. METHODS We considered studies that examine the efficacy and safety of epilepsy surgery in adults aged 50 years and older. Study eligibility was limited to studies carried out after 1990, with a minimum of 10 participants and 6 months of follow-up. We searched the following databases for published studies: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, and Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science. The risk of bias of each included study was independently assessed by two reviewers using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) instrument. RESULTS Eleven case series and 14 cohort studies met the criteria for inclusion, for a total of 1111 older adults who underwent epilepsy surgery along with 4111 adults younger than 50 years as control groups. The pooled cumulative incidence of older adults achieving seizure freedom after resective surgery was 70.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 65.3-74.7). There was no evident difference in the incidence of seizure freedom among older adults as compared to younger adults (risk ratio [RR] = 1.05, 95% CI = .97-1.14) in cohort studies. The pooled cumulative incidence of perioperative complications in older adults was 26.2% (95% CI = 21.3-31.7). Among them, 7.5% (95% CI = 5.8-9.5) experienced major complications. Older adults were significantly more at risk of experiencing any complication than younger adults (RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.5-5.4). SIGNIFICANCE Despite important considerations, epilepsy surgery may be considered appropriate among carefully selected individuals older than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Vary O'Neal
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ishak Tamani
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian W Mendo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health of the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin B Josephson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary Centre for Health Informatics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jorge G Burneo
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary Centre for Health Informatics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Steven
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary Centre for Health Informatics, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Keezer
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health of the Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Tchoe Y, Wu T, U HS, Roth DM, Kim D, Lee J, Cleary DR, Pizarro P, Tonsfeldt KJ, Lee K, Chen PC, Bourhis AM, Galton I, Coughlin B, Yang JC, Paulk AC, Halgren E, Cash SS, Dayeh SA. An electroencephalogram microdisplay to visualize neuronal activity on the brain surface. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj7257. [PMID: 38657026 PMCID: PMC11093107 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Functional mapping during brain surgery is applied to define brain areas that control critical functions and cannot be removed. Currently, these procedures rely on verbal interactions between the neurosurgeon and electrophysiologist, which can be time-consuming. In addition, the electrode grids that are used to measure brain activity and to identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions have low resolution and limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we present the development of an intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG)-microdisplay that consists of freestanding arrays of 2048 GaN light-emitting diodes laminated on the back of micro-electrocorticography electrode grids. With a series of proof-of-concept experiments in rats and pigs, we demonstrate that these iEEG-microdisplays allowed us to perform real-time iEEG recordings and display cortical activities by spatially corresponding light patterns on the surface of the brain in the surgical field. Furthermore, iEEG-microdisplays allowed us to identify and display cortical landmarks and pathological activities from rat and pig models. Using a dual-color iEEG-microdisplay, we demonstrated coregistration of the functional cortical boundaries with one color and displayed the evolution of electrical potentials associated with epileptiform activity with another color. The iEEG-microdisplay holds promise to facilitate monitoring of pathological brain activity in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Tianhai Wu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hoi Sang U
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David M Roth
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for the Future of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Patricia Pizarro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Keundong Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Po Chun Chen
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ian Galton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Coughlin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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10
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Kleis P, Paschen E, Häussler U, Haas CA. Low frequency stimulation for seizure suppression: Identification of optimal targets in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:395-404. [PMID: 38531502 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common form of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Treatment for pharmacoresistant patients remains a challenge, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) showing promise for alleviating intractable seizures. This study explores the efficacy of low frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE. OBJECTIVE Our previous research demonstrated that LFS of the medial perforant path (MPP) fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus reduced seizures in epileptic mice. Here, we aimed to identify the critical neuronal population responsible for this antiepileptic effect by optogenetically stimulating presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the MPP-dentate granule cell (DGC) synapse at 1 Hz. We hypothesize that specific targets for LFS can differentially influence seizure activity depending on the cellular identity and location within or outside the seizure focus. METHODS We utilized the intrahippocampal kainate (ihKA) mouse model of MTLE and targeted specific neural populations using optogenetic stimulation. We recorded intracranial neuronal activity from freely moving chronically epileptic mice with and without optogenetic LFS up to 3 h. RESULTS We found that LFS of MPP fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus effectively suppressed epileptiform activity while stimulating principal cells in the MEC had no impact. Targeting DGCs in the sclerotic septal or non-sclerotic temporal hippocampus with LFS did not reduce seizure numbers but shortened the epileptiform bursts. CONCLUSION Presynaptic stimulation of the MPP-DGC synapse within the sclerotic hippocampus is critical for seizure suppression via LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Kleis
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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El Khamlichi A, El Ouazzani R, Melhaoui A, Arkha Y, Adeniran Bankole ND, Rifi L, Lahjouji F, Amor M, Jiddane M. Advocacy for Epilepsy Surgery in Africa: Moroccan Experience of 132 Cases. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e421-e431. [PMID: 38154685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Africa, epilepsy is a real burden. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common drug-resistant focal epilepsy disorder, and temporal lobectomy is the most common effective treatment for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. OBJECTIVE We aim to highlight the Moroccan experience in epilepsy surgery and to ascertain its long-term outcome. Through the results of surgical treatment in our series, we hope to raise awareness of the need for epilepsy surgery in Africa and contribute to its development. METHODS We present a retrospective study of 132 patients who underwent surgery for epilepsy from January 2005 to December 2021 at our institution. The presurgical evaluation was based on clinical screening, interictal electroencephalography, video-electroencephalography, neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography in some cases. Data are presented as the median and ranges. For all analyses, P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Our series includes 132 patients (69 males; 52.27%); the median age at surgery was 24 years (range, 1-64). One hundred and fifteen patients (87%) were operated on for temporal lobe epilepsy, of whom 98 (85%) had anterior temporal lobectomy and 17 (15%) had lesionectomy. Seventeen patients (13%) were operated on for extratemporal epilepsy, of whom 4 had lesionectomy, 7 functional hemispherotomy, and 5 Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Our postoperative outcomes 3 months after surgery found 113 patients (85.6%) seizure-free (Engel class I), 16 with Engel class II (12.1%), and 3 with Engel class III (2.3%) in temporal lobe epilepsy. In extratemporal lobe epilepsy, 12 patients (70.5%) showed Engel class I, seizure-free, 4 Engel class II (23.5%), and 1 Engel class III (6%). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that most patients with drug-resistant epilepsy may benefit from surgical treatment without submitting to preoperative invasive explorations. This finding should help develop epilepsy surgery widely in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam El Khamlichi
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Reda El Ouazzani
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adyl Melhaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasser Arkha
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Loubna Rifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Lahjouji
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Amor
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Jiddane
- Department of Neurosurgery, l'hôpital des spécialités; National Center for Rehabilitation and Neurosciences, CHU Ibn Sina, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Lin J, Smith GC, Gliske SV, Zochowski M, Shedden K, Stacey WC. High frequency oscillation network dynamics predict outcome in non-palliative epilepsy surgery. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae032. [PMID: 38384998 PMCID: PMC10881100 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High frequency oscillations are a promising biomarker of outcome in intractable epilepsy. Prior high frequency oscillation work focused on counting high frequency oscillations on individual channels, and it is still unclear how to translate those results into clinical care. We show that high frequency oscillations arise as network discharges that have valuable properties as predictive biomarkers. Here, we develop a tool to predict patient outcome before surgical resection is performed, based on only prospective information. In addition to determining high frequency oscillation rate on every channel, we performed a correlational analysis to evaluate the functional connectivity of high frequency oscillations in 28 patients with intracranial electrodes. We found that high frequency oscillations were often not solitary events on a single channel, but part of a local network discharge. Eigenvector and outcloseness centrality were used to rank channel importance within the connectivity network, then used to compare patient outcome by comparison with the seizure onset zone or a proportion within the proposed resected channels (critical resection percentage). Combining the knowledge of each patient's seizure onset zone resection plan along with our computed high frequency oscillation network centralities and high frequency oscillation rate, we develop a Naïve Bayes model that predicts outcome (positive predictive value: 100%) better than predicting based upon fully resecting the seizure onset zone (positive predictive value: 71%). Surgical margins had a large effect on outcomes: non-palliative patients in whom most of the seizure onset zone was resected ('definitive surgery', ≥ 80% resected) had predictable outcomes, whereas palliative surgeries (<80% resected) were not predictable. These results suggest that the addition of network properties of high frequency oscillations is more accurate in predicting patient outcome than seizure onset zone alone in patients with most of the seizure onset zone removed and offer great promise for informing clinical decisions in surgery for refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Garnett C Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen V Gliske
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William C Stacey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Neurology, Ann Arbor VA Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Rao VR, Rolston JD. Unearthing the mechanisms of responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:166. [PMID: 37974025 PMCID: PMC10654422 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is an effective therapy for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In clinical trials, RNS therapy results in a meaningful reduction in median seizure frequency, but the response is highly variable across individuals, with many receiving minimal or no benefit. Understanding why this variability occurs will help improve use of RNS therapy. Here we advocate for a reexamination of the assumptions made about how RNS reduces seizures. This is now possible due to large patient cohorts having used this device, some long-term. Two foundational assumptions have been that the device's intracranial leads should target the seizure focus/foci directly, and that stimulation should be triggered only in response to detected epileptiform activity. Recent studies have called into question both hypotheses. Here, we discuss these exciting new studies and suggest future approaches to patient selection, lead placement, and device programming that could improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram R Rao
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Syed M, Miao J, Sathe A, Kang K, Manmatharayan A, Kogan M, Matias CM, Sharan A, Alizadeh M. Profiles of resting state functional connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with post-laser interstitial thermal therapy seizure outcomes and semiologies. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:1201682. [PMID: 38025313 PMCID: PMC10665565 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1201682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is now understood that in focal epilepsy, impacted neural regions are not limited to the epileptogenic zone. As such, further investigation into the underlying functional connectivity (FC) patterns in those enduring Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) with Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) is imperative to understanding the intricacies of the disease. Methods The rsfMRIs of 17 healthy participants, 10 left-sided TLE-MTS patients with a pre-operative history of focal impaired awareness seizures (FIA), and 13 left-sided TLE-MTS patients with a pre-operative history of focal aware seizures (FA) were compared to determine the existence of distinct FC patterns with respect to seizure types. Similarly, the rsfMRIs of the above-mentioned healthy participants, 16 left-sided TLE-MTS individuals who were seizure-free (SF) 12 months postoperatively, and 16 left-sided TLE-MTS persons without seizure freedom (nSF) were interrogated. The ROI-to-ROI connectivity analysis included a total of 175 regions of interest (ROIs) and accounted for both age and duration of epileptic activity. Significant correlations were determined via two-sample t-tests and Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results Comparisons of FA and FIA groups depicted significant correlations between the contralateral anterior cingulate gyrus, subgenual region, and the contralateral cerebellum, lobule III (p-value = 2.26e-4, mean z-score = -0.05 ± 0.28, T = -4.23). Comparisons of SF with nSF depicted two significantly paired-ROIs; the contralateral amygdala and the contralateral precuneus (p-value = 2.9e-5, mean z-score = -0.12 ± 0.19, T = 4.98), as well as the contralateral locus coeruleus and the ipsilateral intralaminar nucleus (p-value= 1.37e-4, mean z-score = 0.06 ± 0.17, T = -4.41). Significance FC analysis proves to be a lucrative modality for exploring unique signatures with respect to seizure types and postoperative outcomes. By furthering our understanding of the differences between epileptic phenotypes, we can achieve improvement in future treatment modalities not limited to targeting advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashaal Syed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jingya Miao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anish Sathe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kichang Kang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arichena Manmatharayan
- Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, University Health Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Kogan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Caio M. Matias
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Thomas Jefferson Integrated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Fawcett J, Davis S, Manford M. Further advances in epilepsy. J Neurol 2023; 270:5655-5670. [PMID: 37458794 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, one of us reviewed advances in epilepsy (Manford in J Neurol 264:1811-1824, 2017). The current paper brings that review up to date and gives a slight change in emphasis. Once again, the story is of evolution rather than revolution. In recognition that most of our current medications act on neurotransmitters or ion channels, and not on the underlying changes in connectivity and pathways, they have been renamed as antiseizure (ASM) medications rather than antiepileptic drugs. Cenobamate is the one newly licensed medication for broader use in focal epilepsy but there have been a number of developments for specific disorders. We review new players and look forward to new developments in the light of evolving underlying science. We look at teratogenicity; old villains and new concerns in which clinicians play a vital role in explaining and balancing the risks. Medical treatment of status epilepticus, long without evidence, has benefitted from high-quality trials to inform practice; like buses, several arriving at once. Surgical treatment continues to be refined with improvements in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients, especially with new imaging techniques. Alternatives including stereotactic radiotherapy have received further focus and targets for palliative stimulation techniques have grown in number. Individuals' autonomy and quality of life continue to be the subject of research with refinement of what clinicians can do to help persons with epilepsy (PWE) achieve control. This includes seizure management but extends to broader considerations of human empowerment, needs and desires, which may be aided by emerging technologies such as seizure detection devices. The role of specialist nurses in improving that quality has been reinforced by specific endorsement from the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fawcett
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Sarah Davis
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Mark Manford
- Department of Neurology, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
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16
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Vossler DG, Rosenfeld WE, Stern S, Wade CT, Ferrari L, Kerr WT, Wechsler R. Sustainability of seizure reduction and seizure control with adjunctive cenobamate: Post hoc analysis of a phase 3, open-label study. Epilepsia 2023; 64:2644-2652. [PMID: 37497579 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this post hoc analysis of a subset of patients from a long-term, open-label phase 3 study, we assessed ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, and 100% seizure reduction and sustainability of these responses with cenobamate using a time-to-event analytical approach. METHODS Of 240 patients with uncontrolled focal seizures who had adequate seizure data available, 214 completed the 12-week titration phase and received ≥1 dose of cenobamate in the maintenance phase (max dose 400 mg/day) and were included in this post hoc analysis. Among patients who met an initial given seizure-reduction level (≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100%), sustainability of that response was measured using a time-to-event methodology. An event was defined as the occurrence of a study visit at which the seizure frequency during the interval since the prior study visit exceeded the initially attained reduction level. Study visits during the maintenance phase occurred at 3-month intervals. RESULTS Of the 214 patients analyzed, 188 (88%), 177 (83%), 160 (75%), and 145 (68%) met ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, and 100% seizure-reduction responses, respectively, for at least one study visit interval during the maintenance phase. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to first visit without a ≥50% seizure reduction was not reached by 30 months of follow-up (53% of patients maintained their initial ≥50% seizure reduction). Median (95% CI) time to first visit without sustaining the initial ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100% seizure reduction was 13.0 (7.5-21.9) months, 7.5 (5.4-11.6) months, and 7.0 (5.3-10.4) months, respectively. Among the 145 patients who had 100% seizure reduction during at least one study visit, 22% remained seizure-free for at least 30 months and 63% had ≤3 study visits with seizures. SIGNIFICANCE Adjunctive treatment with cenobamate led to sustained seizure reductions during the maintenance phase of the phase 3 safety study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Vossler
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William E Rosenfeld
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Center for Children and Adults, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sean Stern
- SK Life Science Inc., Paramus, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Wesley T Kerr
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wechsler
- Consultants in Epilepsy & Neurology and Idaho Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Boise, Idaho, USA
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17
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Li W, Jiang Y, Li X, Huang H, Lei D, Li J, Zhang H, Yao D, Luo C, Gong Q, Zhou D, An D. More extensive structural damage in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis type 1. Seizure 2023; 111:130-137. [PMID: 37633152 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore clinical and structural differences between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients with different hippocampal sclerosis (HS) subtypes. METHODS High-resolution T1-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained in 41 refractory mTLE patients and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed HS type 1 in 30 patients and HS type 2 in eleven patients. Clinical features, postoperative seizure outcomes, hippocampal subfields volumes, fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter regions and graph theory parameters were explored and compared between the HS type 1 and HS type 2 groups. RESULTS No significant differences in clinical features and postsurgical seizure outcomes were found between the HS type 1 and type 2 groups. However, the HS type 1 group showed extra atrophy in ipsilateral parasubiculum than healthy controls and more severe atrophy in contralateral hippocampal fissure than the HS type 2 group. More extensive FA decrease were also observed in the HS type 1 group, involving ipsilateral optic radiation, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, contralateral uncinate fasciculus, tapetum, bilateral hippocampal cingulum, corona radiata, etc. Furthermore, in spite of similar impairments in characteristic path length, global efficiency and local efficiency in two HS groups, the HS type 1 group showed additional decrease of clustering coefficient than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS HS type 1 and 2 groups had similar clinical characteristics and postoperative seizure outcomes. More widespread neuronal cell loss in the HS type 1 group contributed to more extensive structural damage and connectivity abnormality. These results shed new light on the imaging correlates of different HS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of life Science and technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dongmei An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Campbell JM, Kundu B, Lee JN, Miranda M, Arain A, Taussky P, Grandhi R, Rolston JD. Evaluating the concordance of functional MRI-based language lateralization and Wada testing in epilepsy patients: A single-center analysis. Interv Neuroradiol 2023; 29:599-604. [PMID: 35979608 PMCID: PMC10549711 DOI: 10.1177/15910199221121384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, surgery may be effective in controlling their disease. Surgical evaluation may involve localization of the language areas using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or Wada testing. We evaluated the accuracy of task-based fMRI versus Wada-based language lateralization in a cohort of our epilepsy patients. METHODS In a single-center, retrospective analysis, we identified patients with medically intractable epilepsy who participated in presurgical language mapping (n = 35) with fMRI and Wada testing. Demographic variables and imaging metrics were obtained. We calculated the laterality index (LI) from task-evoked fMRI activation maps across language areas during auditory and reading tasks to determine lateralization. Possible scores for LI range from -1 (strongly left-hemisphere dominant) to 1 (strongly right-hemisphere dominant). Concordance between fMRI and Wada was estimated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. Association between the LI scores from the auditory and reading tasks was tested using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The fMRI-based laterality indices were concordant with results from Wada testing in 91.4% of patients during the reading task (κ = .55) and 96.9% of patients during the auditory task (κ = .79). The mean LIs for the reading and auditory tasks were -0.52 ± 0.43 and -0.68 ± 0.42, respectively. The LI scores for the language and reading tasks were strongly correlated, r(30) = 0.57 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that fMRI is generally an accurate, low-risk alternative to Wada testing for language lateralization. However, when fMRI indicates atypical language lateralization (e.g., bilateral dominance), patients may benefit from subsequent Wada testing or intraoperative language mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Campbell
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bornali Kundu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James N Lee
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michelle Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Amir Arain
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Philipp Taussky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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19
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Joshi C. Epilepsy Surgery: A Story of Diminishing Returns Over Time? Think Differently and Think Again. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:280-282. [PMID: 37901776 PMCID: PMC10601038 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231178574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond Seizure Freedom: Dissecting Long-Term Seizure Control After Surgical Resection for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Hsieh JK, Pucci FG, Sundar SJ, Kondylis E, Sharma A, Sheikh SR, Vegh D, Moosa AN, Gupta A, Najm I, Rammo R, Bingaman W, Jehi L. Epilepsia . 2023;64(1):103-113. doi:10.1111/epi.17445 Objective: This study was undertaken to better understand the long-term palliative and disease-modifying effects of surgical resection beyond seizure freedom, including frequency reduction and both late recurrence and remission, in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods: This retrospective database-driven cohort study included all patients with >9 years of follow-up at a single high-volume epilepsy center. We included patients who underwent lobectomy, multilobar resection, or lesionectomies for drug-resistant epilepsy; we excluded patients who underwent hemispherectomies. Our main outcomes were (1) reduction in frequency of disabling seizures (at 6 months, each year up to 9 years postoperatively, and at last follow-up), (2) achievement of seizure remission (>6 months, >1 year, and longest duration), and (3) seizure freedom at last follow-up. Results: We included 251 patients; 234 (93.2%) achieved 6 months and 232 (92.4%) experienced 1 year of seizure freedom. Of these, the average period of seizure freedom was 10.3 years. A total of 182 (72.5%) patients were seizure-free at last follow-up (defined as >1 year without seizures), with a median 11.9 years since remission. For patients not completely seizure-free, the mean seizure frequency reduction at each time point was 76.2% and ranged from 66.6% to 85.0%. Patients decreased their number of antiseizure medications on average by .58, and 53 (21.2%) patients were on no antiseizure medication at last follow-up. Nearly half (47.1%) of those seizure-free at last follow-up were not seizure-free immediately postoperatively. Significance: Patients who continue to have seizures after resection often have considerable reductions in seizure frequency, and many are able to achieve seizure freedom in a delayed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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20
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Estes EM, Rumalla K, Kazim SF, Kassicieh AJ, Segura AC, Kogan M, Spader HS, Botros JA, Schmidt MH, Sheehan JP, McKee RG, Shin HW, Bowers CA. Frailty Measured by the Risk Analysis Index Predicts Nonhome Discharge and Mortality After Resection in Refractory Epilepsy: Analysis of 1236 Patients From a Prospective Surgical Registry, 2012 to 2020. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:267-273. [PMID: 36853010 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk stratification of epilepsy surgery patients remains difficult. The Risk Analysis Index (RAI) is a frailty measurement that augments preoperative risk stratification. OBJECTIVE To evaluate RAI's discriminative threshold for nonhome discharge disposition (NHD) and mortality (or discharge to hospice within 30 days of operation) in epilepsy surgery patients. METHODS Patients were queried from the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012-2020) using diagnosis/procedure codes. Linear-by-linear trend tests assessed RAI's relationship with NHD and mortality. Discriminatory accuracy was assessed by C-statistics (95% CI) in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Epilepsy resections (N = 1236) were grouped into temporal lobe (60.4%, N = 747) and nontemporal lobe (39.6%, N = 489) procedures. Patients were stratified by RAI tier: 76.5% robust (RAI 0-20), 16.2% normal (RAI 21-30), 6.6% frail (RAI 31-40), and 0.8% severely frail (RAI 41 and above). The NHD rate was 18.0% (N = 222) and positively associated with increasing RAI tier: 12.5% robust, 34.0% normal, 38.3% frail, and 50.0% severely frail ( P < .001). RAI had robust predictive discrimination for NHD in overall cohort (C-statistic 0.71), temporal lobe (C-statistic 0.70), and nontemporal lobe (C-statistic 0.71) cohorts. The mortality rate was 2.7% (N = 33) and significantly associated with RAI frailty: 1.1% robust, 8.0% normal, 6.2% frail, and 20.0% severely frail ( P < .001). RAI had excellent predictive discrimination for mortality in overall cohort (C-statistic 0.78), temporal lobe (C-statistic 0.80), and nontemporal lobe (C-statistic 0.74) cohorts. CONCLUSION The RAI frailty score predicts mortality and NHD after epilepsy surgery. This is accomplished with a user-friendly calculator: https://nsgyfrailtyoutcomeslab.shinyapps.io/epilepsy/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Estes
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Kavelin Rumalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alexander J Kassicieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Aaron C Segura
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michael Kogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Heather S Spader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - James A Botros
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meic H Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rohini G McKee
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hae Won Shin
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Christian A Bowers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Bowers Neurosurgical Frailty and Outcomes Data Science Lab, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Tchoe Y, Wu T, U HS, Roth DM, Kim D, Lee J, Cleary DR, Pizarro P, Tonsfeldt KJ, Lee K, Chen PC, Bourhis AM, Galton I, Coughlin B, Yang JC, Paulk AC, Halgren E, Cash SS, Dayeh SA. The Brain Electroencephalogram Microdisplay for Precision Neurosurgery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549735. [PMID: 37503216 PMCID: PMC10370209 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain surgeries are among the most delicate clinical procedures and must be performed with the most technologically robust and advanced tools. When such surgical procedures are performed in functionally critical regions of the brain, functional mapping is applied as a standard practice that involves direct coordinated interactions between the neurosurgeon and the clinical neurology electrophysiology team. However, information flow during these interactions is commonly verbal as well as time consuming which in turn increases the duration and cost of the surgery, possibly compromising the patient outcomes. Additionally, the grids that measure brain activity and identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions suffer from low resolution (3-10 mm contact to contact spacing) with limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we introduce a brain intracranial electroencephalogram microdisplay (Brain-iEEG-microdisplay) which conforms to the brain to measure the brain activity and display changes in near real-time (40 Hz refresh rate) on the surface of the brain in the surgical field. We used scalable engineered gallium nitride (GaN) substrates with 6" diameter to fabricate, encapsulate, and release free-standing arrays of up to 2048 GaN light emitting diodes (μLEDs) in polyimide substrates. We then laminated the μLED arrays on the back of micro-electrocorticography (μECoG) platinum nanorod grids (PtNRGrids) and developed hardware and software to perform near real-time intracranial EEG analysis and activation of light patterns that correspond to specific cortical activities. Using the Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we precisely ideFSntified and displayed important cortical landmarks and pharmacologically induced pathological activities. In the rat model, we identified and displayed individual cortical columns corresponding to individual whiskers and the near real-time evolution of epileptic discharges. In the pig animal model, we demonstrated near real-time mapping and display of cortical functional boundaries using somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and display of responses to direct electrical stimulation (DES) from the surface or within the brain tissue. Using a dual-color Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we demonstrated co-registration of the functional cortical boundaries with one color and displayed the evolution of electrical potentials associated with epileptiform activity with another color. The Brain-iEEG-microdisplay holds the promise of increasing the efficiency of diagnosis and possibly surgical treatment, thereby reducing the cost and improving patient outcomes which would mark a major advancement in neurosurgery. These advances can also be translated to broader applications in neuro-oncology and neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Tianhai Wu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hoi Sang U
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - David M Roth
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for the Future of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code CH8N, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239- 3098, United States
| | - Patricia Pizarro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for the Future of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Keundong Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Po Chun Chen
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrew M Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ian Galton
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brian Coughlin
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Angelique C Paulk
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Almeida LCA, Lobato VA, Santos MDCV, Moraes ACD, Costa BS. Surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: comparative results of selective amygdalohippocampectomy versus anterior temporal lobectomy from a referral center in Brazil. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:647-655. [PMID: 37494949 PMCID: PMC10658662 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a high prevalence neurological disorder. Surgery has emerged as a promising treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to compare the surgical results of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in a cohort of 132 patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 146 patients operated for TLE from 2008 to 2019. Initially, 13 patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient medical record data or follow-up loss. One patient was excluded from the analysis of the results due to death in the first postoperative week. We used the ILAE scale to classify seizure control after surgery. In patients with left hippocampal sclerosis, SAH was performed and in right temporal lobe epilepsy, ATL was the approach of choice. RESULTS The mean follow-up time after surgery was 57.2 months (12-137). In our data analysis, we found that the group of patients undergoing ATL had a higher prevalence of being completely seizure-free (ILAE I) (57.1% versus 31%) and a higher rate of satisfactory seizure control (88.6% versus 69.3%) p = 0,006, when compared with patients undergoing SAH. CONCLUSION The literature is still controversial about seizure control concerning the technique used due to the lack of a robust methodology. Our data analysis identified the superiority of ATL over SAH in seizure outcomes. ATL may be the best option for adequately controlling seizures with minimal additional morbidity in countries with a cost limitation for extended propaedeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Alves Lobato
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Neurologia e
Neurocirurgia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Curcio de Moraes
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Neurologia e
Neurocirurgia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Silva Costa
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Neurologia e
Neurocirurgia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
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Abstract
The search for valid biomarkers to aid in epilepsy diagnosis and management is a major goal of the Epilepsy Research Benchmarks. Many papers and grants answer this call by searching for new biomarkers from a wide range of disciplines. However, the academic use of the word "biomarker" is often imprecise. Without proper definition, such work is not well-prepared to progress to the next step of translating these biomarkers into clinical use. In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health collaborated to develop the BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource as a guide to adopt formal definitions that aid in pushing successful biomarkers toward regulatory approval. Using the vignette of high-frequency oscillations, which have been proposed as a potential biomarker of several potential aspects of epilepsy, we demonstrate how improper use of the term "biomarker," and lack of a clear context of use, can lead to confusion and difficulty obtaining regulatory approval. Similar conditions are likely in many areas of biomarker research. This Resource should be adopted by all researchers developing epilepsy biomarkers. Adopting the BEST guidelines will improve reproducibility, guide research objectives toward translation, and better target the Epilepsy Benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V. Gliske
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William C. Stacey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neurology Division, Veterans Administration Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sahrizan NSA, Manan HA, Abdul Hamid H, Abdullah JM, Yahya N. Functional Alteration in the Brain Due to Tumour Invasion in Paediatric Patients: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072168. [PMID: 37046828 PMCID: PMC10093754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory, language and speech abilities, motor skills, and visual abilities are often impaired in children with brain tumours. This is because tumours can invade the brain's functional areas and cause alterations to the neuronal networks. However, it is unclear what the mechanism of tumour invasion is and how various treatments can cause cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of tumour invasion on the cognitive, language, motor, and visual abilities of paediatric patients, as well as discuss the alterations and modifications in neuronal networks and anatomy. The electronic database, PubMed, was used to find relevant studies. The studies were systematically reviewed based on the type and location of brain tumours, cognitive assessment, and pre- and post-operative deficits experienced by patients. Sixteen studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria following the guidelines from PRISMA. Most studies agree that tumour invasion in the brain causes cognitive dysfunction and alteration in patients. The effects of a tumour on cognition, language, motor, and visual abilities depend on the type of tumour and its location in the brain. The alteration to the neuronal networks is also dependent on the type and location of the tumour. However, the default mode network (DMN) is the most affected network, regardless of the tumour type and location.Furthermore, our findings suggest that different treatment types can also contribute to patients' cognitive function to improve or deteriorate. Deficits that persisted or were acquired after surgery could result from surgical manipulation or the progression of the tumour's growth. Meanwhile, recovery from the deficits indicated that the brain has the ability to recover and reorganise itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shaheera Aidilla Sahrizan
- Department of Radiology, Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Radiology and Intervency, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Department of Radiology, Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Radiology and Intervency, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hamzaini Abdul Hamid
- Department of Radiology, Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Department of Radiology and Intervency, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Jabatan Neurosains, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Jalan Hospital USM, Kampus Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Kampus Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences & Brain Behaviour Cluster, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Noorazrul Yahya
- Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Baciu M, O'Sullivan L, Torlay L, Banjac S. New insights for predicting surgery outcome in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023:S0035-3787(23)00884-6. [PMID: 37003897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Resective surgery is the treatment of choice for one-third of adult patients with focal, drug-resistant epilepsy. This procedure is associated with substantial clinical and cognitive risks. In clinical practice, there is no validated model for epilepsy surgery outcome prediction (ESOP). Meta-analyses on ESOP studies assessing prognostic factors report discrepancies in terms of study design. Our review aims to systematically investigate methodological and analytical aspects of studies predicting clinical and cognitive outcomes after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. A systematic review of ESOP studies published between 2000 and 2022 from three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) was completed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It yielded 4867 articles. Among them, 21 corresponded to our inclusion criteria and were therefore retained in the final review. The risk of bias was assessed using A Tool to Assess Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies (PROBAST). Data extracted from the 21 studies were analyzed using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics. Our findings show an increase in the use of multimodal datasets and machine learning analyses in recent ESOP studies, although regression remained the most frequently used approach. We also identified a more frequent use of network notions in recent ESOP studies. Nevertheless, several methodological issues were noted, such as small sample sizes, lack of information on the follow-up period, variability in seizure outcome, and the definition of neuropsychological postoperative change. Of 21 studies, only one provided a clinical tool to anticipate the cognitive outcome after epilepsy surgery. We conclude that methodological issues should be overcome before we move towards more complete models to better predict clinical and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery. Recommendations for future studies to harness the possibilities of multimodal datasets and data fusion, are provided. A stronger bridge between fundamental and clinical research may result in developing accessible clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baciu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L O'Sullivan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Torlay
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Banjac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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26
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van der Kop ML. The need for an individualized approach to what is considered a clinically significant reduction in seizure frequency: A patient's perspective. Epilepsia 2023. [PMID: 36916836 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mia L van der Kop
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Lafourcade CA, Sparks FT, Bordey A, Wyneken U, Mohammadi MH. Cannabinoid regulation of neurons in the dentate gyrus during epileptogenesis: Role of CB1R-associated proteins and downstream pathways. Epilepsia 2023. [PMID: 36869624 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation plays a central role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic discharges. TLE is a neurologic disorder characterized by acute long-lasting seizures (i.e., abnormal electrical activity in the brain) or seizures that occur in close proximity without recovery, typically after a brain injury or status epilepticus. After status epilepticus, epileptogenic hyperexcitability develops gradually over the following months to years, resulting in the emergence of chronic, recurrent seizures. Acting as a filter or gate, the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) normally prevents excessive excitation from propagating through the hippocampus, and is considered a critical region in the progression of epileptogenesis in pathological conditions. Importantly, lipid-derived endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), which are produced on demand as retrograde messengers, are central regulators of neuronal activity in the DG circuit. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the role of the DG in controlling hyperexcitability and propose how DG regulation by cannabinoids (CBs) could provide avenues for therapeutic interventions. We also highlight possible pathways and manipulations that could be relevant for the control of hyperexcitation. The use of CB compounds to treat epilepsies is controversial, as anecdotal evidence is not always validated by clinical trials. Recent publications shed light on the importance of the DG as a region regulating incoming hippocampal excitability during epileptogenesis. We review recent findings concerning the modulation of the hippocampal DG circuitry by CBs and discuss putative underlying pathways. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which CBs exert their action during seizures may be useful to improve therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lafourcade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Current: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Obaid S, Chen JS, Ibrahim GM, Bouthillier A, Dimentberg E, Surbeck W, Guadagno E, Brunette-Clément T, Shlobin NA, Shulkin A, Hale AT, Tomycz LD, Von Lehe M, Perry MS, Chassoux F, Bouilleret V, Taussig D, Fohlen M, Dorfmuller G, Hagiwara K, Isnard J, Oluigbo CO, Ikegaya N, Nguyen DK, Fallah A, Weil AG. Predictors of outcomes after surgery for medically intractable insular epilepsy: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:12-31. [PMID: 36263454 PMCID: PMC9978079 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insular epilepsy (IE) is an increasingly recognized cause of drug-resistant epilepsy amenable to surgery. However, concerns of suboptimal seizure control and permanent neurological morbidity hamper widespread adoption of surgery for IE. We performed a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety profile of surgery for IE and identify predictors of outcomes. Of 2483 unique citations, 24 retrospective studies reporting on 312 participants were eligible for inclusion. The median follow-up duration was 2.58 years (range, 0-17 years), and 206 (66.7%) patients were seizure-free at last follow-up. Younger age at surgery (≤18 years; HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09-2.66, P = .022) and invasive EEG monitoring (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.04-3.74, P = .039) were significantly associated with shorter time to seizure recurrence. Performing MR-guided laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation instead of open resection (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.08-3.89, P = .028) was independently associated with suboptimal or poor seizure outcome (Engel II-IV) at last follow-up. Postoperative neurological complications occurred in 42.5% of patients, most commonly motor deficits (29.9%). Permanent neurological complications occurred in 7.8% of surgeries, including 5% and 1.4% rate of permanent motor deficits and dysphasia, respectively. Resection of the frontal operculum was independently associated with greater odds of motor deficits (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.46-5.15, P = .002). Dominant-hemisphere resections were independently associated with dysphasia (OR = 13.09, 95% CI = 2.22-77.14, P = .005) albeit none of the observed language deficits were permanent. Surgery for IE is associated with a good efficacy/safety profile. Most patients experience seizure freedom, and neurological deficits are predominantly transient. Pediatric patients and those requiring invasive monitoring or undergoing stereotactic ablation procedures experience lower rates of seizure freedom. Transgression of the frontal operculum should be avoided if it is not deemed part of the epileptogenic zone. Well-selected candidates undergoing dominant-hemisphere resection are more likely to exhibit transient language deficits; however, the risk of permanent deficit is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Obaid
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evan Dimentberg
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Werner Surbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Brunette-Clément
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aidan Shulkin
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luke D Tomycz
- The Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marec Von Lehe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Michael Scott Perry
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Jane and John Justin Neuroscience Center, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Francine Chassoux
- Service de Neurochirurgie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Paris-Descartes Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Bouilleret
- Université Paris Saclay-APHP, Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique et d'Épileptologie(UNCE), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Taussig
- Université Paris Saclay-APHP, Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique et d'Épileptologie(UNCE), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Martine Fohlen
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Georg Dorfmuller
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Epilepsy and Sleep Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jean Isnard
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Lyon, France
| | - Chima O Oluigbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dang K Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hadidane S, Lagarde S, Medina-Villalon S, McGonigal A, Laguitton V, Carron R, Scavarda D, Bartolomei F, Trebuchon A. Basal temporal lobe epilepsy: SEEG electroclinical characteristics. Epilepsy Res 2023; 191:107090. [PMID: 36774667 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Seizures with predominant involvement of basal temporal regions (BTR) are not well characterized. In this stereo electroencephalography (SEEG) study, we aimed at describing the ictal networks involving BTR and the associated clinical features. METHODS We studied 24 patients explored with SEEG in our center with BTR sampling. We analyzed their seizures using a quantitative method: the "epileptogenicity index". Then we reported the features of the patients with maximal epileptogenicity within BTR, especially ictal network involved, ictal semiology and post-surgical outcome. RESULTS We found that rhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex and posterior fusiform gyrus were the most epileptogenic structures within the BTR (mean EI: 0.57, 0.55, 0.54 respectively). Three main groups of epileptogenic zone organization were found: anterior (23% of total seizures) posterior (30%) and global (47%, both anterior and posterior). Contralateral spread was found in 35% of left seizures and 20% of right seizures. Naming deficit was more prevalent in left BTR (71% vs 29% in right seizures; p = 0.01) whereas automatic speech production was preferentially represented in right seizures (11% vs 54%; p = 0.001). Surgery was proposed for 11 patients (45.8%), leading to seizure freedom in 72% (Engel Class I). One patient presented post-operative permanent functional deficit. CONCLUSION Basal-temporal lobe epilepsy seems to be a specific entity among the temporal epilepsy spectrum with specific clinical characteristics. Resective surgery can be proposed with good outcomes in a significant proportion of patients and is safe provided that adequate language assessment has been preoperatively made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hadidane
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology Department, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - S Lagarde
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology Department, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - S Medina-Villalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A McGonigal
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - V Laguitton
- APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology Department, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - R Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Marseille, France
| | - D Scavarda
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Pediatric, Neurosurgery Department, Marseille, France
| | - F Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology Department, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France
| | - A Trebuchon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology Department, Clinical Neurophysiology, Marseille, France; INSERM UMR1106, Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine Timone, 27, Bd Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France.
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30
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Arfaie S, Amin P, Kwan ATH, Solgi A, Sarabi A, Hakak-Zargar B, Brunette-Clément T, Pushenko D, Mir-Moghtadaei K, Mashayekhi MS, Mofatteh M, Honarvar F, Ren LY, Noiseux-Lush C, Azizi Z, Pearl PL, Baldeweg T, Weil AG, Fallah A. Long-term full-scale intelligent quotient outcomes following pediatric and childhood epilepsy surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 2023; 106:58-67. [PMID: 36774775 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive measures are an important primary outcome of pediatric, adolescents, and childhood epilepsy surgery. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess whether there are long-term alterations (≥ 5 years) in the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) of pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. METHODS Electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus) were searched for English articles from inception to October 2022 that examined intelligence outcomes in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. Inclusion criteria were defined as the patient sample size of ≥ 5, average follow- up of ≥5 years, and surgeries performed on individuals ≤ 18 years old at the time of surgery. Exclusion criteria consisted of palliative surgery, animal studies, and studies not reporting surgical or FSIQ outcomes. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) toolset was used for quality appraisal of the selected articles. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed to compare FSIQ between surgical patients at baseline and follow-up and Mean Difference (MD) was used to calculate the effect size of each study. Point estimates for effects and 95% confidence intervals for moderation analysis were performed on variables putatively associated with the effect size. RESULTS 21,408 studies were screened for abstract and title. Of these, 797 fit our inclusion and exclusion criteria and proceeded to full-text screening. Overall, seven studies met our requirements and were selected. Quantitative analysis was performed on these studies (N = 330). The mean long-term difference between pre- and post- operative FSIQ scores across all studies was noted at 3.36 [95% CI: (0.14, 6.57), p = 0.04, I2 = 0%] and heterogeneity was low. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to measure the long-term impacts of FSIQ in pediatric and adolescent epilepsy patients. Our overall results in this meta-analysis indicate that while most studies do not show long-term FSIQ deterioration in pediatric patients who underwent epilepsy surgery, there was an increase of 3.36 FSIQ points, however, the observed changes were not clinically significant. Moreover, at the individual patient level analysis, while most children did not show long-term FSIQ deterioration, few had significant decline. These findings indicate the importance of surgery as a viable option for pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Arfaie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Pouya Amin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arad Solgi
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Sarabi
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | | | - Denys Pushenko
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - Faraz Honarvar
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yuxi Ren
- Lane Medical Library and Knowledge Management Center, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Zahra Azizi
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Lawrence Pearl
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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31
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Shelyagin IS, Akimova PO, Stefanov SZ, Sufianov RA. Predictors of surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. SECHENOV MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.3.24-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To identify predictors of surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in a multivariate model.Materials and methods. Aretrospective study included 69 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent microsurgical anterior temporal lobectomy. The study included 31 (45%) men and 38 (55%) women. The median age was 28 (21; 36). Surgical treatment outcomes were assessed at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months after surgical intervention according to the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale. Logistic regression equations were calculated, a ROC curve was constructed, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated.Results. In all assessed time periods, 88.3–93.0% of patients had outcomes consistent with Engel classes I and II. The distribution of patients by outcome classes did not change statistically significantly over the entire follow-up period. There were the following predictors of high efficacy of surgical treatment at 6 months after surgery: relatively shorter duration of active disease course (OR 0.719, 95%, CI: 0.437–0.966, p < 0.05), absence of status epilepticus (OR 0.048, 95% CI: 0.002–0.472, p < 0.05), absence of subdominant foci of irritative activity (OR 0.123, 95% CI: 0.012–0.845, p < 0.01), presence of mesial temporal sclerosis (OR 1008, 95% CI: 21.59–1310851, p < 0.01), a relatively longer resection margin on the temporal lobe (OR 637.32, 95% CI: 5.43–1960062, p < 0.05), lateralization of epileptogenic zone in subdominant hemisphere (OR 0.103, 95% CI 0.004–0.937, p = 0.0532). AUC was 0.957 (0.917–0.997), p < 0.0001; sensitivity 87.5%, and specificity 82.8%.Conclusion. Independent predictors of the efficacy of microsurgical anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy are the following: shorter duration of active disease course, absence of status epilepticus in the history, absence of subdominant foci, presence of mesial temporal sclerosis, a relatively longer resection margin on the temporal lobe, and lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in the temporal lobe of the subdominant hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. S. Shelyagin
- Tyumen State Medical University; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - R. A. Sufianov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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32
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McIntosh AM, Wynd AW, Berkovic SF. Extended follow-up after anterior temporal lobectomy demonstrates seizure recurrence 20+ years postsurgery. Epilepsia 2023; 64:92-102. [PMID: 36268808 PMCID: PMC10098858 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for medication-resistant localized epilepsy results in ablation or reduction of seizures for most patients. However, some individuals who attain an initial extended period of postsurgical seizure freedom will experience a later seizure recurrence. In this study, we examined the prevalence and some risk factors for late recurrence in an ATL cohort with extensive regular follow-up. METHODS Included were 449 patients who underwent ATL at Austin Health, Australia, from 1978 to 2008. Postsurgical follow-up was undertaken 2-3 yearly. Seizure recurrence was tested using Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox regression. Late recurrence was qualified as a first disabling seizure >2 years postsurgery. We examined risks within the ATL cohort according to broad pathology groups and tested whether late recurrence differed for the ATL cohort compared to patients who had resections outside the temporal lobe (n = 98). RESULTS Median post-ATL follow-up was 22 years (range = .1-38.6), 6% were lost to follow-up, and 12% had died. Probabilities for remaining completely seizure-free after surgery were 51% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 53-63) at 2 postoperative years, 36% (95% CI = 32-41) at 10 years, 32% (95% CI = 27-36) at 20 years, and 30% (95% CI = 25-34) at 25 years. Recurrences were reported up to 23 years postoperatively. Late seizures occurred in all major ATL pathology groups, with increased risk in the "normal" and "distant lesion" groups (p ≤ .03). Comparison between the ATL cohort and patients who underwent extratemporal resection demonstrated similar patterns of late recurrence (p = .74). SIGNIFICANCE Some first recurrences were very late, reported decades after ATL. Late recurrences were not unique to any broad ATL pathology group and did not differ according to whether resections were ATL or extratemporal. Reports of these events by patients with residual pathology suggest that potentially epileptogenic abnormalities outside the area of resection may be implicated as one of several possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M McIntosh
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex W Wynd
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Nandakumar N, Hsu D, Ahmed R, Venkataraman A. DeepEZ: A Graph Convolutional Network for Automated Epileptogenic Zone Localization From Resting-State fMRI Connectivity. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:216-227. [PMID: 35776823 PMCID: PMC9841829 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3187942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epileptogenic zone (EZ) localization is a crucial step during diagnostic work up and therapeutic planning in medication refractory epilepsy. In this paper, we present the first deep learning approach to localize the EZ based on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data. METHODS Our network, called DeepEZ, uses a cascade of graph convolutions that emphasize signal propagation along expected anatomical pathways. We also integrate domain-specific information, such as an asymmetry term on the predicted EZ and a learned subject-specific bias to mitigate environmental confounds. RESULTS We validate DeepEZ on rs-fMRI collected from 14 patients with focal epilepsy at the University of Wisconsin Madison. Using cross validation, we demonstrate that DeepEZ achieves consistently high EZ localization performance (Accuracy: 0.88 ± 0.03; AUC: 0.73 ± 0.03) that far outstripped any of the baseline methods. This performance is notable given the variability in EZ locations and scanner type across the cohort. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the promise of using DeepEZ as an accurate and noninvasive therapeutic planning tool for medication refractory epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE While prior work in EZ localization focused on identifying localized aberrant signatures, there is growing evidence that epileptic seizures affect inter-regional connectivity in the brain. DeepEZ allows clinicians to harness this information from noninvasive imaging that can easily be integrated into the existing clinical workflow.
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Tobochnik S, Bateman LM, Akman CI, Anbarasan D, Bazil CW, Bell M, Choi H, Feldstein NA, Kent PF, McBrian D, McKhann GM, Mendiratta A, Pack AM, Sands TT, Sheth SA, Srinivasan S, Schevon CA. Tracking Multisite Seizure Propagation Using Ictal High-Gamma Activity. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:592-601. [PMID: 34812578 PMCID: PMC8611231 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spatial patterns of long-range seizure propagation in epileptic networks have not been well characterized. Here, we use ictal high-gamma activity (HGA) as a proxy of intense neuronal population firing to map the spatial evolution of seizure recruitment. METHODS Ictal HGA (80-150 Hz) was analyzed in 13 patients with 72 seizures recorded by stereotactic depth electrodes, using previously validated methods. Distinct spatial clusters of channels with the ictal high-gamma signature were identified, and seizure hubs were defined as stereotypically recruited nonoverlapping clusters. Clusters correlated with asynchronous seizure terminations to provide supportive evidence for independent seizure activity at these sites. The spatial overlap between seizure hubs and interictal ripples was compared. RESULTS Ictal HGA was detected in 71% of seizures and 10% of implanted contacts, enabling tracking of contiguous and noncontiguous seizure recruitment. Multiple seizure hubs were identified in 54% of cases, including 43% of patients thought preoperatively to have unifocal epilepsy. Noncontiguous recruitment was associated with asynchronous seizure termination (odds ratio = 19.7; p = 0.029). Interictal ripples demonstrated greater spatial overlap with ictal HGA in cases with single seizure hubs compared with those with multiple hubs (100% vs. 66% per patient; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Ictal HGA may serve as a useful adjunctive biomarker to distinguish contiguous seizure spread from propagation to remote seizure sites. High-gamma sites were found to cluster in stereotyped seizure hubs rather than being broadly distributed. Multiple hubs were common even in cases that were considered unifocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tobochnik
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa M. Bateman
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Cigdem I. Akman
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Child Neurology, New York, NY
| | | | - Carl W. Bazil
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Bell
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Hyunmi Choi
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Neil A. Feldstein
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Paul F. Kent
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Danielle McBrian
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Child Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Guy M. McKhann
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Anil Mendiratta
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Alison M. Pack
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Tristan T. Sands
- Columbia University Medical Center, Division of Child Neurology, New York, NY
| | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston, TX
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Seedat ZA, Rier L, Gascoyne LE, Cook H, Woolrich MW, Quinn AJ, Roberts TPL, Furlong PL, Armstrong C, St. Pier K, Mullinger KJ, Marsh ED, Brookes MJ, Gaetz W. Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:66-81. [PMID: 36259549 PMCID: PMC9783449 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a highly heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable etiology, manifestation, and response to treatment. It is imperative that new models of epileptiform brain activity account for this variability, to identify individual needs and allow clinicians to curate personalized care. Here, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to create a unique statistical model of interictal brain activity for 10 pediatric patients. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) data acquired as part of standard clinical care for patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. These data are routinely analyzed using excess kurtosis mapping (EKM); however, as cases become more complex (extreme multifocal and/or polymorphic activity), they become harder to interpret with EKM. We assessed the performance of the HMM against EKM for three patient groups, with increasingly complicated presentation. The difference in localization of epileptogenic foci for the two methods was 7 ± 2 mm (mean ± SD over all 10 patients); and 94% ± 13% of EKM temporal markers were matched by an HMM state visit. The HMM localizes epileptogenic areas (in agreement with EKM) and provides additional information about the relationship between those areas. A key advantage over current methods is that the HMM is a data-driven model, so the output is tuned to each individual. Finally, the model output is intuitive, allowing a user (clinician) to review the result and manually select the HMM epileptiform state, offering multiple advantages over previous methods and allowing for broader implementation of MEG epileptiform analysis in surgical decision-making for patients with intractable epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelekha A. Seedat
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Young EpilepsySt Pier's LaneLingfieldRH7 6PWUK
| | - Lukas Rier
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Lauren E. Gascoyne
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Harry Cook
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Mark W. Woolrich
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain ActivityUniversity Department of Psychiatry, Warneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Andrew J. Quinn
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain ActivityUniversity Department of Psychiatry, Warneford HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Timothy P. L. Roberts
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Caren Armstrong
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Pediatric Epilepsy Program, Division of Child NeurologyCHOPPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Karen J. Mullinger
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Centre for Human Brain Health, School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Eric D. Marsh
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Pediatric Epilepsy Program, Division of Child NeurologyCHOPPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Departments of Neurology and PaediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew J. Brookes
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - William Gaetz
- Department of RadiologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Shawahna R, Jaber M. Development of Consensus-Based Recommendations to Prevent/Minimize Medication Errors in the Perioperative Care of Patients with Epilepsy: A Mixed-Method. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e632-e644. [PMID: 35872130 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored medication errors in the perioperative care of patients with epilepsy and developed consensus-based recommendations to prevent/minimize these errors. METHODS A mixed method was used in this study. Medication error situations were explored in semi-structured in-depth interviews with nurses (n = 12), anesthesiologists (n = 5), anesthesia technicians (n = 5), surgeons (n = 4), neurologists (n = 4), and patients with epilepsy (n = 10). The qualitative data were analyzed using the qualitative interpretive description approach. A two-round Delphi technique was used among nurses (n = 22), anesthesiologists (n = 9), anesthesia technicians (n = 7), surgeons (n = 7), and neurologists (n = 5). RESULTS A total of 1400 minutes of interview time was analyzed in this study. Of the panelists, 39 (78.0%) agreed that patients with epilepsy present unique challenges to providers of perioperative care that make them prone to medication errors. The interviewees in this study described 32 different medication error situations that occurred while providing perioperative care services to patients with epilepsy. In this study, 35 consensus-based recommendations to prevent/minimize medication errors in the perioperative care of patients with epilepsy were developed. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study are informative to decision-makers in health care facilities and other stakeholders in health regulatory authorities who need to design measures to prevent/minimize medication errors and improve perioperative outcomes of patients with epilepsy. Studies are needed to investigate if these recommendations can be effective in preventing/reducing medication errors in the perioperative care of patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Efficacy of cenobamate for uncontrolled focal seizures in patients with previous epilepsy-related surgery: Post hoc analysis of a phase 3, multicenter, open-label study. Epilepsy Res 2022; 184:106952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Kumar A, Singh S, Mehrotra A, Pal L, Katiyar S, Chaudhary N, Verma PK, Maurya VP, Das KK, Sardhara J, Bhaisora KS, Srivastava AK, Jaiswal AK, Behari S. Lesional Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Does the “Uncommon” Differ from the Common? INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to evaluate the subgroup consisting of uncommon pathological entities presenting with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methodology Twenty-four consecutively operated patients of lesional temporal lobe epilepsy were included in the study. Eleven cases were identified that had pathologies implicated as “uncommon” in previously done studies on the pathology of TLE. A subgroup analysis consisting of these uncommon lesions was done for clinical presentation and seizure outcome. The seizure outcome was assessed in terms of Engel and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification.
Results Nine different pathological entities were identified within the study group. The mean age at surgery was 18.6 years (range 2–30 years). The mean duration of epilepsy was 48.3 months and the average duration of follow-up was 39.2months. All patients had seizures as the only complaint except three. Three patients had focal-aware seizures, two had focal motor onset, and the rest all had focal-unaware seizures. Seven patients were seizure free and the average age at diagnosis for these patients was 15.4 years (range 2–24 years.). The duration of seizure in the postoperative seizure-free group was 29.7 months and it was 81 months for the other group. All the patients with persistent postoperative seizures had focal-unaware seizures preoperatively.
Conclusion Despite the small and heterogeneous nature of this subgroup of uncommon lesions causing temporal lobe epilepsy, the clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and seizure outcome are similar to the cohort of common pathologies, including mesial temporal sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lily Pal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Katiyar
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandita Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Verma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal K. Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayesh Sardhara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wu C, Schwalb JM, Rosenow JM, McKhann GM, Neimat JS. The American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Position Statement on Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:155-160. [PMID: 34995216 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance image-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy. Given the recent introduction of this technology, the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (ASSFN), which acts as the joint section representing the field of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery on behalf of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, provides here the expert consensus opinion on evidence-based best practices for the use and implementation of this treatment modality. Indications for treatment are outlined, consisting of failure to respond to, or intolerance of, at least 2 appropriately chosen medications at appropriate doses for disabling, localization-related epilepsy in the setting of well-defined epileptogenic foci, or critical pathways of seizure propagation accessible by MRgLITT. Applications of MRgLITT in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hypothalamic hamartoma, along with its contraindications in the treatment of epilepsy, are discussed based on current evidence. To put this position statement in perspective, we detail the evidence and authority on which this ASSFN position statement is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason M Schwalb
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua M Rosenow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph S Neimat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Müller M, Dekkers M, Wiest R, Schindler K, Rummel C. More Than Spikes: On the Added Value of Non-linear Intracranial EEG Analysis for Surgery Planning in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 12:741450. [PMID: 35095712 PMCID: PMC8793863 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.741450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy surgery can be a very effective therapy in medication refractory patients. During patient evaluation intracranial EEG is analyzed by clinical experts to identify the brain tissue generating epileptiform events. Quantitative EEG analysis increasingly complements this approach in research settings, but not yet in clinical routine. We investigate the correspondence between epileptiform events and a specific quantitative EEG marker. We analyzed 99 preictal epochs of multichannel intracranial EEG of 40 patients with mixed etiologies. Time and channel of occurrence of epileptiform events (spikes, slow waves, sharp waves, fast oscillations) were annotated by a human expert and non-linear excess interrelations were calculated as a quantitative EEG marker. We assessed whether the visually identified preictal events predicted channels that belonged to the seizure onset zone, that were later resected or that showed strong non-linear interrelations. We also investigated whether the seizure onset zone or the resection were predicted by channels with strong non-linear interrelations. In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (32 of 40), epileptic spikes and the seizure onset zone predicted the resected brain tissue much better in patients with favorable seizure control after surgery than in unfavorable outcomes. Beyond that, our analysis did not reveal any significant associations with epileptiform EEG events. Specifically, none of the epileptiform event types did predict non-linear interrelations. In contrast, channels with strong non-linear excess EEG interrelations predicted the resected channels better in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and favorable outcome. Also in the small number of patients with seizure onset in the frontal and parietal lobes, no association between epileptiform events and channels with strong non-linear excess EEG interrelations was detectable. In contrast to patients with temporal seizure onset, EEG channels with strong non-linear excess interrelations did neither predict the seizure onset zone nor the resection of these patients or allow separation between patients with favorable and unfavorable seizure control. Our study indicates that non-linear excess EEG interrelations are not strictly associated with epileptiform events, which are one key concept of current clinical EEG assessment. Rather, they may provide information relevant for surgery planning in temporal lobe epilepsy. Our study suggests to incorporate quantitative EEG analysis in the workup of clinical cases. We make the EEG epochs and expert annotations publicly available in anonymized form to foster similar analyses for other quantitative EEG methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martijn Dekkers
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rummel
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), University Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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Banjac S, Roger E, Cousin E, Mosca C, Minotti L, Krainik A, Kahane P, Baciu M. Mapping of Language-and-Memory Networks in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy by Using the GE2REC Protocol. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:752138. [PMID: 35069148 PMCID: PMC8772037 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.752138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative mapping of language and declarative memory functions in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients is essential since they frequently encounter deterioration of these functions and show variable degrees of cerebral reorganization. Due to growing evidence on language and declarative memory interdependence at a neural and neuropsychological level, we propose the GE2REC protocol for interactive language-and-memory network (LMN) mapping. GE2REC consists of three inter-related tasks, sentence generation with implicit encoding (GE) and two recollection (2REC) memory tasks: recognition and recall. This protocol has previously been validated in healthy participants, and in this study, we showed that it also maps the LMN in the left TLE (N = 18). Compared to healthy controls (N = 19), left TLE (LTLE) showed widespread inter- and intra-hemispheric reorganization of the LMN through reduced activity of regions engaged in the integration and the coordination of this meta-network. We also illustrated how this protocol could be implemented in clinical practice individually by presenting two case studies of LTLE patients who underwent efficient surgery and became seizure-free but showed different cognitive outcomes. This protocol can be advantageous for clinical practice because it (a) is short and easy to perform; (b) allows brain mapping of essential cognitive functions, even at an individual level; (c) engages language-and-memory interaction allowing to evaluate the integrative processes within the LMN; (d) provides a more comprehensive assessment by including both verbal and visual modalities, as well as various language and memory processes. Based on the available postsurgical data, we presented preliminary results obtained with this protocol in LTLE patients that could potentially inform the clinical practice. This implies the necessity to further validate the potential of GE2REC for neurosurgical planning, along with two directions, guiding resection and describing LMN neuroplasticity at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Banjac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Roger
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
| | - Emilie Cousin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Chrystèle Mosca
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience ‘Synchronisation et modulation des réseaux neuronaux dans l’épilepsie’ & Neurology Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorella Minotti
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience ‘Synchronisation et modulation des réseaux neuronaux dans l’épilepsie’ & Neurology Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Krainik
- Université Grenoble Alpes, UMS IRMaGe CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience ‘Synchronisation et modulation des réseaux neuronaux dans l’épilepsie’ & Neurology Department, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
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Marathe K, Alim-Marvasti A, Dahele K, Xiao F, Buck S, O'Keeffe AG, Duncan JS, Vakharia VN. Resective, Ablative and Radiosurgical Interventions for Drug Resistant Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:777845. [PMID: 34956057 PMCID: PMC8695716 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.777845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: One-third of individuals with focal epilepsy do not achieve seizure freedom despite best medical therapy. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common form of drug resistant focal epilepsy. Surgery may lead to long-term seizure remission if the epileptogenic zone can be defined and safely removed or disconnected. We compare published outcomes following open surgical techniques, radiosurgery (SRS), laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and radiofrequency ablation (RF-TC). Methods: PRISMA systematic review was performed through structured searches of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies of MTLE reporting seizure-free outcomes in ≥10 patients with ≥12 months follow-up. Due to variability in open surgical approaches, only comparative studies were included to minimize the risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate effects sizes and a pooled estimate of the probability of seizure freedom per person-year. A mixed effects linear regression model was performed to compare effect sizes between interventions. Results: From 1,801 screened articles, 41 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. Open surgery included anterior temporal lobe resection as well as transcortical and trans-sylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy. The pooled seizure-free rate per person-year was 0.72 (95% CI 0.66-0.79) with trans-sylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy, 0.59 (95% CI 0.53-0.65) with LITT, 0.70 (95% CI 0.64-0.77) with anterior temporal lobe resection, 0.60 (95% CI 0.49-0.73) with transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy, 0.38 (95% CI 0.14-1.00) with RF-TC and 0.50 (95% CI 0.34-0.73) with SRS. Follow up duration and study sizes were limited with LITT and RF-TC. A mixed-effects linear regression model suggests significant differences between interventions, with LITT, ATLR and SAH demonstrating the largest effects estimates and RF-TC the lowest. Conclusions: Overall, novel "minimally invasive" approaches are still comparatively less efficacious than open surgery. LITT shows promising seizure effectiveness, however follow-up durations are shorter for minimally invasive approaches so the durability of the outcomes cannot yet be assessed. Secondary outcome measures such as Neurological complications, neuropsychological outcome and interventional morbidity are poorly reported but are important considerations when deciding on first-line treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Marathe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Alim-Marvasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.,Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Dahele
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Buck
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan G O'Keeffe
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vejay N Vakharia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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Khoo A, de Tisi J, Mannan S, O'Keeffe AG, Sander JW, Duncan JS. Seizure outcomes in people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy evaluated for surgery but do not proceed. Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106822. [PMID: 34844089 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain seizure outcomes in people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy considered for epilepsy surgery but who did not proceed. METHODS We identified people discussed at a weekly presurgical epilepsy multi-disciplinary (MDT) meeting from January 2015 to December 2019 and in whom a decision not to proceed to surgery was made. Seizure outcomes were obtained from individuals, primary care physicians and attending neurologists at a minimum of 12 months following the not to proceed decision. RESULTS We considered 315 people who did not proceed to surgery after evaluation. Nine died, and 25 were lost to follow-up. We included 281 people with a median follow-up of 2.4 (IQR 1.5-4) years. In total, 83 (30%) people reported that seizures had improved or resolved since the MDT meeting. Thirteen (5%) were seizure-free over the last 12 months of follow-up, 70 (25%) had experienced more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency, 180 (64%) had no meaningful change, and 18 (6%) reported a doubling of seizure frequency. Of the 53 (16%) who had vagal nerve stimulation, 19/53 (37%) reported more than 50% reduction in frequency, including one seizure-free. SIGNIFICANCE The chances of seizure freedom with further medications and neurostimulation are low for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who have been evaluated for surgery and do not proceed, but improvement may still occur. Up to a quarter have a > 50% reduction in seizures, and one in twenty become seizure-free eventually. Trying additional anti-seizure medication and neurostimulation is worthwhile in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Khoo
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK.
| | - Jane de Tisi
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK
| | - Shahidul Mannan
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK
| | - Aidan G O'Keeffe
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Josemir W Sander
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont, St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, Heemstede 2103SW, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, and Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont, St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
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Vogel S, Kaltenhäuser M, Kim C, Müller-Voggel N, Rössler K, Dörfler A, Schwab S, Hamer H, Buchfelder M, Rampp S. MEG Node Degree Differences in Patients with Focal Epilepsy vs. Controls-Influence of Experimental Conditions. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1590. [PMID: 34942895 PMCID: PMC8699109 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy can be most limiting for patients, and surgery represents a viable therapy option. With the growing research on the human connectome and the evidence of epilepsy being a network disorder, connectivity analysis may be able to contribute to our understanding of epilepsy and may be potentially developed into clinical applications. In this magnetoencephalographic study, we determined the whole-brain node degree of connectivity levels in patients and controls. Resting-state activity was measured at five frequency bands in 15 healthy controls and 15 patients with focal epilepsy of different etiologies. The whole-brain all-to-all imaginary part of coherence in source space was then calculated. Node degree was determined and parcellated and was used for further statistical evaluation. In comparison to controls, we found a significantly higher overall node degree in patients with lesional and non-lesional epilepsy. Furthermore, we examined the conditions of high/reduced vigilance and open/closed eyes in controls, to analyze whether patient node degree levels can be achieved. We evaluated intraclass-correlation statistics (ICC) to evaluate the reproducibility. Connectivity and specifically node degree analysis could present new tools for one of the most common neurological diseases, with potential applications in epilepsy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Vogel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Cora Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadia Müller-Voggel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Rampp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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45
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Jaber M, Shawahna R, Abu-Issa M, Radwan F, Dweik M. Anesthesia considerations for patients with epilepsy: Findings of a qualitative study in the Palestinian practice. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 123:108278. [PMID: 34492543 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative exploratory study was conducted to explore how anesthesiologists in Palestine provide perioperative care for patients with epilepsy and how they account for the unique challenges relevant to epilepsy while planning perioperative care for patients with epilepsy. METHODS This study was conducted in an explorative qualitative design. Purposive and snowball sampling approaches were used to recruit the study participants. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with anesthesiologists (n = 10) and a neurologist (n = 1). The qualitative data collected in this study were thematically analyzed using the interpretive description methodology to generate themes, subthemes, and patterns. RESULTS Three major themes emerged from the collected qualitative data with a total of 18 subthemes. The 3 themes were: 1) considerations/challenges while assessing patients, 2) anesthetic considerations, and 3) recovery considerations. Lack of epilepsy-specific assessment and anesthesia protocols, underuse of neurology referral services, and lack of neuromonitoring were identified. CONCLUSION Findings of this study highlighted the need to develop specific anesthesia protocols for patients with epilepsy. Anesthesiologists and planners of perioperative care should improve collection of patient information and assessment methods, ensure control over seizures, reduce triggers of seizures, and improve patient monitoring approaches. Findings of this study might be used to inform anesthesiologists and decision makers in professional groups, patient advocacy groups, and healthcare authorities to benchmark and improve anesthesia care and services offered to patients with epilepsy. More studies are still needed to quantitatively assess the quality of anesthesia care and services provided to patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah National University Hospital, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Majd Abu-Issa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Faris Radwan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Dweik
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Saboo KV, Balzekas I, Kremen V, Varatharajah Y, Kucewicz M, Iyer RK, Worrell GA. Leveraging electrophysiologic correlates of word encoding to map seizure onset zone in focal epilepsy: Task-dependent changes in epileptiform activity, spectral features, and functional connectivity. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2627-2639. [PMID: 34536230 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verbal memory dysfunction is common in focal, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Unfortunately, surgical removal of seizure-generating brain tissue can be associated with further memory decline. Therefore, localization of both the circuits generating seizures and those underlying cognitive functions is critical in presurgical evaluations for patients who may be candidates for resective surgery. We used intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings during a verbal memory task to investigate word encoding in focal epilepsy. We hypothesized that engagement in a memory task would exaggerate local iEEG feature differences between the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and neighboring tissue as compared to wakeful rest ("nontask"). METHODS Ten participants undergoing presurgical iEEG evaluation for DRE performed a free recall verbal memory task. We evaluated three iEEG features in SOZ and non-SOZ electrodes during successful word encoding and compared them with nontask recordings: interictal epileptiform spike (IES) rates, power in band (PIB), and relative entropy (REN; a functional connectivity measure). RESULTS We found a complex pattern of PIB and REN changes in SOZ and non-SOZ electrodes during successful word encoding compared to nontask. Successful word encoding was associated with a reduction in local electrographic functional connectivity (increased REN), which was most exaggerated in temporal lobe SOZ. The IES rates were reduced during task, but only in the non-SOZ electrodes. Compared with nontask, REN features during task yielded marginal improvements in SOZ classification. SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies have supported REN as a biomarker for epileptic brain. We show that REN differences between SOZ and non-SOZ are enhanced during a verbal memory task. We also show that IESs are reduced during task in non-SOZ, but not in SOZ. These findings support the hypothesis that SOZ and non-SOZ respond differently to task and warrant further exploration into the use of cognitive tasks to identify functioning memory circuits and localize SOZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakant V Saboo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irena Balzekas
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vaclav Kremen
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yogatheesan Varatharajah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Kucewicz
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Multimedia Systems Department, BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ravishankar K Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- Bioelectronics, Neurophysiology, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Mehvari Habibabadi J, Moein H, Jourahmad Z, Ahmadian M, Basiratnia R, Zare M, Hashemi Fesharaki SS, Badihian S, Barekatain M, Tabrizi N. Outcome of epilepsy surgery in lesional epilepsy: Experiences from a developing country. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108221. [PMID: 34352668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to report the postoperative seizure outcome and associated factors in patients with lesional epilepsy, in a low-income setting. METHODS This longitudinal prospective study included patients who underwent epilepsy surgery at Kashani Comprehensive Epilepsy Center between 2014 and 2019. Post-surgical outcomes were reported according to the Engel score, and patients were classified into two groups of seizure free (SF) and not-seizure free (NSF). RESULTS A total of 148 adult patients, with a mean age of 30.45 ± 9.23 years were included. The SF outcome was reported in 86.5% of patients and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were reduced or discontinued in 45.9%. The mean follow-up duration was 26.7 ± 14.9 months. Temporal lobe lesions (76.3%) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (56.7%) were the most frequent etiologies. Temporal lesion (Incidence relative risk (IRR): 1.76, 95% CI [1.08-2.87], p = 0.023), prior history of CNS infection (IRR:1.18, 95% CI [1.03-1.35], p = 0.019), use of intra-operative ECoG (IRR:1.73, 95% CI [1.06-2.81], p = 0.028), and absence of IEDs in postoperative EEG (IRR: 1.41, 95% CI [1.18-1.70], p < 0.001) were positive predictors for a favorable outcome. CONCLUSION Many patients with drug-resistant lesional epilepsy showed a favorable response to surgery. We believe that resective epilepsy surgery in low-income settings is a major treatment option. The high frequency of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in developing countries is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Hence, strategies to increase access to epilepsy surgery in these settings are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Houshang Moein
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jourahmad
- Kashani Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mana Ahmadian
- Kashani Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Basiratnia
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare
- Kashani Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shervin Badihian
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Majid Barekatain
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasim Tabrizi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Pan JW, Antony A, Tal A, Yushmanov V, Fong J, Richardson M, Schirda C, Bagic A, Gonen O, Hetherington HP. MR spectroscopic imaging at 3 T and outcomes in surgical epilepsy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4492. [PMID: 33751687 PMCID: PMC8122073 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For the spectroscopic assessment of brain disorders that require large-volume coverage, the requirements of RF performance and field homogeneity are high. For epilepsy, this is also challenging given the inter-patient variation in location, severity and subtlety of anatomical identification and its tendency to involve the temporal region. We apply a targeted method to examine the utility of large-volume MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in surgical epilepsy patients, implementing a two-step acquisition, comprised of a 3D acquisition to cover the fronto-parietal regions, and a contiguous parallel two-slice Hadamard-encoded acquisition to cover the temporal-occipital region, both with TR /TE = 2000/40 ms and matched acquisition times. With restricted (static, first/second-order) B0 shimming in their respective regions, the Cramér-Rao lower bounds for creatine from the temporal lobe two-slice Hadamard and frontal-parietal 3D acquisition are 8.1 ± 2.2% and 6.3 ± 1.9% respectively. The datasets are combined to provide a total 60 mm axial coverage over the frontal, parietal and superior temporal to middle temporal-occipital regions. We applied these acquisitions at a nominal 400 mm3 voxel resolution in n = 27 pre-surgical epilepsy patients and n = 20 controls. In controls, 86.6 ± 3.2% voxels with at least 50% tissue (white + gray matter, excluding CSF) survived spectral quality inclusion criteria. Since all patients were clinically followed for at least 1 year after surgery, seizure frequency outcome was available for all. The MRSI measurements of the total fractional metabolic dysfunction (characterized by the Cr/NAA metric) in FreeSurfer MRI gray matter segmented regions, in the patients compared with the controls, exhibited a significant Spearman correlation with post-surgical outcome. This finding suggests that a larger burden of metabolic dysfunction is seen in patients with poorer post-surgical seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jullie W Pan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arun Antony
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Assaf Tal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Victor Yushmanov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanna Fong
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claud Schirda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anto Bagic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Oded Gonen
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, New York
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Sobregrau P, Andreu C, Carreño M, Donaire A, Rumià J, Boget T, Bargalló N, Setoain X, Roldan P, Conde-Blanco E, Centeno M, Pintor L. Psychiatric disorders in patients with resistant temporal lobe epilepsy two years after undergoing elective surgery. A longitudinal study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 118:107921. [PMID: 33831648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychiatric morbidity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is frequent and negatively affects patients' life quality. Surgery is the procedure of choice when treating seizures, although the effects on psychiatric disorders remain unclear. We evaluate the effect of surgery on psychiatric disorders in patients with TLE two years after the intervention, to then shed light on how these are related to anxiety and depression symptoms, and Interictal Dysphoric Disorder (IDD). METHODS We included data from 65 patients with TLE whose psychiatric evaluations were performed according to DSM-IV criteria. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) test. RESULTS At 2-year follow-up, anxiety and depressive disorders decreased, and psychotic disorders augmented without statistical significance. Baseline psychiatric disorders predisposed to psychiatric pathology at 2-year follow-up and did not correlate with epilepsy outcome after surgery. Postoperative psychiatric disorders correlated with the seizure incidence two years after the intervention, suggesting that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders were associated in processes such as surgery. De novo psychiatric disorders represented 52% of postoperative psychiatric pathology, 62% being psychotic disorders. De novo psychiatric disorders became more frequent from the first year of surgery, occurring mainly in patients free of seizures. The HADS test scores and IDD correlated with psychiatric disorders at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Baseline psychiatric disorders did not influence surgery outcome, but correlated with psychiatric disorders' prevalence two years after surgery. Despite not finding statistical significance, surgery reduced the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and de novo psychiatric disorders were associated with an improvement in the epilepsy course at 2-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sobregrau
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | | | - Mar Carreño
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Antonio Donaire
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jordi Rumià
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Teresa Boget
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Núria Bargalló
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Xavier Setoain
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Pedro Roldan
- Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Estefanía Conde-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Program, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - María Centeno
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Luís Pintor
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
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50
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Wang R, Beg U, Padmanaban V, Abel TJ, Lipsman N, Ibrahim GM, Mansouri A. A Systematic Review of Minimally Invasive Procedures for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Too Minimal, Too Fast? Neurosurgery 2021; 89:164-176. [PMID: 33862622 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH) is effective for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Concerns regarding surgical morbidity have generated enthusiasm for more minimally invasive interventions. A careful analysis of current data is warranted before widespread adoption of these techniques. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC), and focused ultrasound for mTLE. METHODS Major online databases were searched for prospective observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and retrospective studies (>50 patients), including mTLE patients. Outcomes of interest were seizure freedom (Engel I), complications and re-operation rates, and neuropsychological and quality-of-life (QoL) data. RESULTS Nineteen publications were identified. At ≥6 mo postoperatively, LITT (9/19) Engel I outcomes ranged from 52% to 80%. SRS (3/19) has a latency period (52%-67%, 24-36 mo postoperatively) and the radiosurgery vs. open surgery for epilepsy (ROSE) trial reported inferiority of SRS compared to CAH. RF-TC (7/19) demonstrated variable seizure freedom rates (0%-79%) and high re-operation rates (0%-90%). Twelve studies reported neuropsychological outcomes but QoL (4/19) was not widely reported, and few studies (3/19) assessed both. Study quality ranged from fair to good. CONCLUSION Based on nonrandomized data, LITT has compelling evidence of efficacy; however, comparisons to surgical resection are lacking. SRS has a latency period and is inferior to CAH (ROSE trial). RF-TC is a less resource-intensive alternative to LITT; however, comparisons of efficacy are limited. Additional studies are needed before minimally invasive procedures can supplant standard surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Usman Beg
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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