1
|
Thangaraj SV, Ghnenis A, Pallas B, Vyas AK, Gregg B, Padmanabhan V. Comparative lipidome study of maternal plasma, milk, and lamb plasma in sheep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7401. [PMID: 38548847 PMCID: PMC10978966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in neonate development and breastmilk is the newborn's major source of lipids. Milk lipids directly influence the neonate plasma lipid profile. The milk lipidome is dynamic, influenced by maternal factors and related to the maternal plasma lipidome. The close inter-relationship between the maternal plasma, milk and neonate plasma lipidomes is critical to understanding maternal-child health and nutrition. In this exploratory study, lipidomes of blood and breast milk from Suffolk sheep and matched lamb blood (n = 13), were profiled on day 34 post birth by untargeted mass spectrometry. Comparative multivariate analysis of the three matrices identified distinct differences in lipids and class of lipids amongst them. Paired analysis identified 346 differential lipids (DL) and 31 correlated lipids (CL) in maternal plasma and milk, 340 DL and 32 CL in lamb plasma and milk and 295 DL and 16 CL in maternal plasma and lamb plasma. Conversion of phosphatidic acid to phosphatidyl inositol was the most active pathway in lamb plasma compared to maternal plasma. This exploratory study illustrates the partitioning of lipids across maternal plasma, milk and lamb plasma and the dynamic relationship between them, reiterating the need to study these three matrices as one biological system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soundara Viveka Thangaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arpita Kalla Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Lu Y, Wang J, Liu B, Szeto IMY, Zhang W, Bi R, Duan S, Quan R, Wang X, Li Y, Xiong W, Sun J, Sun Y. Immunoregulation of bovine lactoferrin together with osteopontin promotes immune system development and maturation. Food Funct 2024; 15:866-880. [PMID: 38165790 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The immune system of infants is partly weak and immature, and supplementation of infant formula can be of vital importance to boost the development of the immune system. Lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN) are essential proteins in human milk with immunoregulation function. An increasing number of studies indicate that proteins have interactions with each other in milk, and our previous study found that a ratio of LF : OPN at 1 : 5 (w/w, denoted as LOP) had a synergistic effect on intestinal barrier protection. It remains unknown whether LOP can also exert a stronger effect on immunoregulation. Hence, we used an in vitro model of LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and in vivo models of LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and early life development. We showed that LOP increased the secretion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (132%), stem cell factor (167%) and interleukin-3 (176%) in bone marrow cells, as well as thymosin (155%) and interleukin-10 (161%) in the thymus, more than LF or OPN alone during development, and inhibited changes in immune cells and cytokines during the LPS challenge. In addition, analysis of the components of digested proteins in vitro revealed that differentially expressed peptides may provide immunoregulation. Lastly, LOP increased the abundance of Rikenellaceae, Muribaculum, Faecalibaculum, and Elisenbergiella in the cecum content. These results imply that LOP is a potential immunomodifier for infants and offers a new theoretical basis for infant formula innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
George AD, Paul S, Wang T, Huynh K, Giles C, Mellett N, Duong T, Nguyen A, Geddes D, Mansell T, Saffery R, Vuillermin P, Ponsonby AL, Burgner D, Burugupalli S, Meikle PJ. Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227340. [PMID: 37712002 PMCID: PMC10499237 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and research is still required to fully understand the lipidome and to interpret and translate findings. This study aimed to address key human milk lipidome knowledge gaps and discuss possible implications for early life health. Methods Human milk samples from two birth cohorts, the Barwon Infant Study (n = 312) and University of Western Australia birth cohort (n = 342), were analysed using four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods (lipidome, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, alkylglycerol). Bovine, goat, and soy-based infant formula, and bovine and goat milk were analysed for comparison. Composition was explored as concentrations, relative abundance, and infant lipid intake. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, mixed effects modelling, and correlation, with false discovery rate correction, to explore human milk lipidome longitudinal trends and inter and intra-individual variation, differences between sample types, lipid intakes, and correlations between infant plasma and human milk lipids. Results Lipidomics analysis identified 979 lipids. The human milk lipidome was distinct from that of infant formula and animal milk. Ether lipids were of particular interest, as they were significantly higher, in concentration and relative abundance, in human milk than in formula and animal milk, if present in the latter samples at all. Many ether lipids were highest in colostrum, and some changed significantly through lactation. Significant correlations were identified between human milk and infant circulating lipids (40% of which were ether lipids), and specific ether lipid intake by exclusively breastfed infants was 200-fold higher than that of an exclusively formula-fed infant. Conclusion There are marked differences between the lipidomes of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk, with notable distinctions between ether lipids that are reflected in the infant plasma lipidome. These findings have potential implications for early life health, and may reveal why breast and formula-fed infants are not afforded the same protections. Comprehensive lipidomics studies with outcomes are required to understand the impacts on infant health and tailor translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. George
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudip Paul
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Wang
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satvika Burugupalli
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hill DR, Buck RH. Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102339. [PMID: 37242222 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk represents an optimal source of nutrition during infancy. Milk also serves as a vehicle for the transfer of growth factors, commensal microbes, and prebiotic compounds to the immature gastrointestinal tract. These immunomodulatory and prebiotic functions of milk are increasingly appreciated as critical factors in the development of the infant gut and its associated microbial community. Advances in infant formula composition have sought to recapitulate some of the prebiotic and immunomodulatory functions of milk through human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) fortification, with the aim of promoting healthy development both within the gastrointestinal tract and systemically. Our objective was to investigate the effects of feeding formulas supplemented with the HMO 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on serum metabolite levels relative to breastfed infants. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study of infant formulas (64.3 kcal/dL) fortified with varying levels of 2'-FL and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) was conducted [0.2 g/L 2'-FL + 2.2 g/L GOS; 1.0 g/L 2'-FL + 1.4 g/L GOS]. Healthy singleton infants age 0-5 days and with birth weight > 2490 g were enrolled (n = 201). Mothers chose to either exclusively formula-feed or breastfeed their infant from birth to 4 months of age. Blood samples were drawn from a subset of infants at 6 weeks of age (n = 35-40 per group). Plasma was evaluated by global metabolic profiling and compared to a breastfed reference group (HM) and a control formula (2.4 g/L GOS). Fortification of control infant formula with the HMO 2'-FL resulted in significant increases in serum metabolites derived from microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Most notably, secondary bile acid production was broadly increased in a dose-dependent manner among infants receiving 2'-FL supplemented formula relative to the control formula. 2'-FL supplementation increased secondary bile acid production to levels associated with breastfeeding. Our data indicate that supplementation of infant formula with 2'-FL supports the production of secondary microbial metabolites at levels comparable to breastfed infants. Thus, dietary supplementation of HMO may have broad implications for the function of the gut microbiome in systemic metabolism. This trial was registered at with the U.S. National library of Medicine as NCT01808105.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Hill
- Abbott, Nutrition Division, Columbus, OH 43219, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS. Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:617-631. [PMID: 37273257 PMCID: PMC10236993 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the best and principal nutritional source for neonates and infants. It may protect infants against many metabolic diseases, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and microvascular disease that affects all the body systems and all ages from intrauterine life to late adulthood. Breastfeeding protects against infant mortality and diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhoea, respiratory infections, viral and bacterial infection, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, malocclusion, dental caries, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. It also protects against obesity and insulin resistance and increases intelligence and mental development. Gestational diabetes has short and long-term impacts on infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). Breast milk composition changes in mothers with gestational diabetes.
AIM To investigate the beneficial or detrimental effects of breastfeeding on the cardiometabolic health of IDM and their mothers.
METHODS We performed a database search on different engines and a thorough literature review and included 121 research published in English between January 2000 and December 15, 2022, in this review.
RESULTS Most of the literature agreed on the beneficial effects of breast milk for both the mother and the infant in the short and long terms. Breastfeeding protects mothers with gestational diabetes against obesity and type 2 DM. Despite some evidence of the protective effects of breastfeeding on IDM in the short and long term, the evidence is not strong enough due to the presence of many confounding factors and a lack of sufficient studies.
CONCLUSION We need more comprehensive research to prove these effects. Despite many obstacles that may enface mothers with gestational diabetes to start and maintain breastfeeding, every effort should be made to encourage them to breastfeed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Department of Microbiology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Natarajan A, Christopher R. Age and gender-specific reference intervals for a panel of lysophosphatidylcholines estimated by tandem mass spectrometry in dried blood spots. Pract Lab Med 2022; 33:e00305. [PMID: 36618341 PMCID: PMC9813575 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Very long-chain fatty acyl-lysophosphatidylcholines (VLCFA-LysoPCs) are measured in dried blood spots (DBS) for identifying X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) and other inherited peroxisomal disorders. Our study aimed to establish age- and gender-specific reference intervals for a panel of LysoPCs measured by tandem mass spectrometry in DBS. Methods LysoPCs (26:0-, 24:0-, 22:0- and 20:0-LysoPCs) were estimated by flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods in 3.2 mm blood spots of 2689 anonymized, putative normal subjects (1375 males, and 1314 females) aged between 2 days and 65 years. Samples were divided into groups: Neonates (0-1month), Infants (>1m-1year), Children and Adolescents (>1-18years), and Adults (>18years). Reference intervals were determined using the percentile approach and represented as the median with the 1st and 99th percentile lower and upper limits. Results The percentage coefficient of variation (CV) for repeatability assays of internal and external quality control samples were within acceptable limits. Significant differences (P <0.0001, P <0.01) were observed in the concentrations of 26:0-, 24:0-, 22:0- and 20:0-LysoPCs and their ratios, 26:0/22:0-, 24:0/22:0-, 26:0/20:0-and 24:0/20:0-LysoPC in neonates and infants when compared to children, adolescents, and adults. Levels of 26:0-, 24:0- and 22:0-LysoPCs decreased, whereas 20:0-LysoPC increased with age. There were no significant gender-based differences in the concentration of LysoPCs. Conclusion We established age- and gender-specific reference intervals for a panel of LysoPCs in DBS. These reference values would be helpful when interpreting LysoPC values in DBS during screening for X-ALD and other peroxisomal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Natarajan
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India,Corresponding author. Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blaauwendraad SM, Wahab RJ, van Rijn BB, Koletzko B, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R. Associations of Early Pregnancy Metabolite Profiles with Gestational Blood Pressure Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121169. [PMID: 36557206 PMCID: PMC9785484 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure development plays a major role in both the etiology and prediction of gestational hypertensive disorders. Metabolomics might serve as a tool to identify underlying metabolic mechanisms in the etiology of hypertension in pregnancy and lead to the identification of novel metabolites useful for the prediction of gestational hypertensive disorders. In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 803 pregnant women, liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry was used to determine serum concentrations of amino-acids, non-esterified fatty acids, phospholipids and carnitines in early pregnancy. Blood pressure was measured in each trimester of pregnancy. Information on gestational hypertensive disorders was obtained from medical records. Higher individual metabolite concentrations of the diacyl-phosphatidylcholines and acyl-lysophosphatidylcholines group were associated with higher systolic blood pressure throughout pregnancy (Federal Discovery Rate (FDR)-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Higher concentrations of one non-esterified fatty acid were associated with higher diastolic blood pressure throughout pregnancy (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Using penalized regression, we identified 12 individual early-pregnancy amino-acids, non-esterified fatty acids, diacyl-phosphatidylcholines and acyl-carnitines and the glutamine/glutamic acid ratio, that were jointly associated with larger changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from first to third trimester. These metabolites did not improve the prediction of gestational hypertensive disorders in addition to clinical markers. In conclusion, altered early pregnancy serum metabolite profiles mainly characterized by changes in non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids metabolites are associated with higher gestational blood pressure throughout pregnancy within the physiological ranges. These findings are important from an etiological perspective and, after further replication, might improve the early identification of women at increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Blaauwendraad
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rama J. Wahab
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B. van Rijn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU—Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwon D, Lee W, Kim SH, Jung YS. Comparison of Hepatic Metabolite Profiles between Infant and Adult Male Mice Using 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100910. [PMID: 36295812 PMCID: PMC9611911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although age-related characteristics of hepatic metabolism are reported, those in infants are not fully understood. In the present study, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling of the livers of infant (3-week-old) and adult (9-week-old) male ICR mice using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and compared 35 abundant hepatic metabolite concentrations between the two groups. The liver/body weight ratio did not differ between the two groups; however, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were lower in infants than in adults. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolites (glucose, maltose, and mannose) were higher, whereas amino acids (glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine) were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The concentrations of ascorbate, betaine, sarcosine, and ethanolamine were higher, whereas those of taurine, inosine, and O-phosphocholine were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The differences in liver metabolites between the two groups could be due to differences in their developmental stages and dietary sources (breast milk for infants and laboratory chow for adults). The above results provide insights into the hepatic metabolism in infants; however, the exact implications of the findings require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of Human Milk Lipids and Lipid Metabolites in Protecting the Infant against Non-Communicable Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147490. [PMID: 35886839 PMCID: PMC9315603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases continue to increase globally and have their origins early in life. Early life obesity tracks from childhood to adulthood, is associated with obesity, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, and predicts non-communicable disease risk in later life. There is mounting evidence that these factors are more prevalent in infants who are formula-fed compared to those who are breastfed. Human milk provides the infant with a complex formulation of lipids, many of which are not present in infant formula, or are present in markedly different concentrations, and the plasma lipidome of breastfed infants differs significantly from that of formula-fed infants. With this knowledge, and the knowledge that lipids have critical implications in human health, the lipid composition of human milk is a promising approach to understanding how breastfeeding protects against obesity, inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular disease risk. Here we review bioactive human milk lipids and lipid metabolites that may play a protective role against obesity and inflammation in later life. We identify key knowledge gaps and highlight priorities for future research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Maheshwari A, Swanson JR. Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Nutrition Has Lifelong Implications. Clin Perinatol 2022; 49:xix-xxi. [PMID: 35659104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, 6114 Lily Garden, Clarksville, MD 21029, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Swanson
- University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Hospital Drive, Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saben JL, Sims CR, Pack L, Lan R, Børsheim E, Andres A. Infant intakes of human milk branched chain amino acids are negatively associated with infant growth and influenced by maternal body mass index. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12876. [PMID: 34913264 PMCID: PMC9269030 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: phenylalanine and tyrosine) are hypothesized to influence early-life obesity risk. OBJECTIVE To assess HM free amino acid (AA) concentrations and infant intakes of HM AAs from women with obesity (OB) compared to those with normal weight (NW) and determine the relationships between HM AA consumption and infant growth. METHODS HM samples were collected at 0.5 (n = 151), 2 (n = 129), and 6 (n = 93) months postpartum from mothers with NW (body mass index [BMI] = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ) and OB (BMI > 30 kg/m2 ). HM AAs were quantified via mass spectrometry. Infant HM intake, anthropometrics and body composition were assessed. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEM) examined the relationships between maternal BMI and HM AA intakes, and HM AA intake and infant growth over the first 6 months postpartum after adjusting for maternal and infant characteristics. RESULTS Maternal BMI was positively associated with infant intakes of isoleucine, leucine, and AAAs across timepoints. HM AA intakes were positively associated with weight-for-length z-score, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index in infants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal BMI led to differences in HM AA composition, which was associated with infant body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Saben
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lindsay Pack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Renny Lan
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Detailed knowledge of maternal and infant factors and human milk composition could inform recommendations for optimal composition. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:500-504. [PMID: 34738257 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is best for infants, but quantitative associations between specific milk components and infant biomarkers remain unclear. Methodological limitations include missing milk volume intake, variable milk composition and that standardised, fasted state blood sampling is impossible in infants. Milk protein and fat content appear marginally related to infant serum amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, with some association between milk fatty acid composition and lipid species levels. CONCLUSION: Detailed simultaneous examinations of maternal factors, milk composition and infant biomarkers or outcomes could identify the mechanistic basis of human milk effects and help develop dietary recommendations for optimal human milk composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital University of Munich Medical CentreLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Munich Munich Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital University of Munich Medical CentreLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Munich Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Juan Castell MF, Peraita-Costa I, Soriano JM, Llopis-Morales A, Morales-Suarez-Varela M. A Review of the Relationship Between the Appetite-Regulating Hormone Leptin Present in Human Milk and Infant Growth. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:98-111. [PMID: 34919422 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The relationship between leptin in human milk (HM) and infant growth is quite controversial. The aim of the present study was to review the epidemiological literature currently available on the relation between the appetite-regulating hormone leptin in HM with growth and infant weight gain. Also, to know if it influences on the center of satiety of the infant, and if this hormone has an effect in the self-regulation of food intake. Methods: A review of review and original research articles published from January 1, 2015 up to December 31, 2019 measuring leptin in HM and infant weight gain was performed in the PubMed and Embase databases. The literature showed a total of 237 articles, where the title and abstract were evaluated to eliminate duplicate citations and later exclusion criteria were established to discard articles. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Six articles showed a relationship between leptin present in HM and infant weight. Five articles reported on leptin in HM and the effect on satiety and self-regulation of infant intake. Studies of leptin in infant serum blood were quite controversial. There is an inverse relationship between the leptin in HM and infant weight gain. Also, breastfed infants better self-regulate their intake and have a better relationship with food. The duration of breastfeeding directly influences on the growth of the infant due to the hormones present in the milk. However, these mechanisms are unclear, and the results are controversial. Conclusion: The evidence from the studies allowed us to establish that there is an association between leptin in HM and infant weight gain. However, there is still a lack of longitudinal studies, with a larger number of participants and well-established inclusion criteria about the relationship between leptin in HM exposure and the development of infant weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Francisca Juan Castell
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Forensic Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Peraita-Costa
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Forensic Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), The Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Soriano
- Unit of Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Llopis-Morales
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Forensic Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Morales-Suarez-Varela
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Forensic Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), The Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Braun D, Abia WA, Šarkanj B, Sulyok M, Waldhoer T, Erber AC, Krska R, Turner PC, Marko D, Ezekiel CN, Warth B. Mycotoxin-mixture assessment in mother-infant pairs in Nigeria: From mothers' meal to infants' urine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132226. [PMID: 34826919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to food and environmental contaminants is a global environmental health issue. In this study, innovative LC-MS/MS approaches were applied to investigate mycotoxin co-exposure in mother-infant pairs (n = 23) by analyzing matched plate-ready food, breast milk and urine samples of mothers and their exclusively breastfed infants. The study revealed frequent co-occurrence of two to five mycotoxins. Regulated (e.g. aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A) and emerging mycotoxins (e.g. alternariol monomethyl ether and beauvericin) were frequently detected (3 %-89 % and 45 %-100 %), in at least one specimen. In addition, a moderate association of ochratoxin A in milk to urine of mothers (r = 0.47; p = 0.003) and infants (r = 0.52; p = 0.019) but no other significant correlations were found. Average concentration levels in food mostly did not exceed European maximum residue limits, and intake estimates demonstrated exposure below tolerable daily intake values. Infants were exposed to significantly lower toxin levels compared to their mothers, indicating the protective effect of breastfeeding. However, the transfer into milk and urine and the resulting chronic low-dose exposure warrant further monitoring. In the future, occurrence of mycotoxin-mixtures, and their combined toxicological effects need to be comprehensively considered and implemented in risk management strategies. These should aim to minimize early-life exposure in critical developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Braun
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfred A Abia
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria; Department of Food Technology, University Centre Koprivnica, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, HR-48000, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid C Erber
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Turner
- MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430, Tulln, Austria; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmed TB, Eggesbø M, Criswell R, Uhl O, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B. Total Fatty Acid and Polar Lipid Species Composition of Human Milk. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010158. [PMID: 35011034 PMCID: PMC8747362 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk lipids are essential for infant health. However, little is known about the relationship between total milk fatty acid (FA) composition and polar lipid species composition. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the relationship between the FA and polar lipid species composition in human milk, with a focus on differences between milk with higher or lower milk fat content. From the Norwegian Human Milk Study (HUMIS, 2002–2009), a subset of 664 milk samples were analyzed for FA and polar lipid composition. Milk samples did not differ in major FA, phosphatidylcholine, or sphingomyelin species percentages between the highest and lowest quartiles of total FA concentration. However, milk in the highest FA quartile had a lower phospholipid-to-total-FA ratio and a lower sphingomyelin-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio than the lowest quartile. The only FAs associated with total phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin were behenic and tridecanoic acids, respectively. Milk FA and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species containing these FAs showed modest correlations. Associations of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids with percentages of phosphatidylcholine species carrying these FAs support the conclusion that the availability of these FAs limits the synthesis of phospholipid species containing them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talat Bashir Ahmed
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (T.B.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; (M.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Rachel Criswell
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; (M.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (T.B.A.); (O.U.)
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (T.B.A.); (O.U.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (B.K.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-53692 (H.D.); +49-89-4400-52826 (B.K.)
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (T.B.A.); (O.U.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (B.K.); Tel.: +49-89-4400-53692 (H.D.); +49-89-4400-52826 (B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yadav KK, Kenney SP. Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091180. [PMID: 34578211 PMCID: PMC8465319 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bosco A, Toto M, Pintus R, Fanos V, Dessì A. Human milk sphingomyelins and metabolomics: an enigma to be discovered. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7649-7661. [PMID: 34362283 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1958314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins, the most abundant sphingolipids in most mammalian cells, appear to be among the most represented polar lipids in breast milk. Despite the variability of the data reported in the literature, human milk sphingomyelins are qualitatively unique and their quantities are five times higher than in most formula milk. The structural and functional role within the milk fat globule membranes, the involvement in neonatal neurological maturation both in neuro-typical development and in some pathological circumstances, together with the possible contribution in the intestinal development of newborns, are certainly among the main characteristics that have fueled the curiosity of the scientific world. Metabolomics studies, providing a unique metabolic fingerprint, allow an in-depth analysis of the role of these molecules in the extreme variability and uniqueness of breast milk. In the perspective of preventive medicine, at the base of which there is certainly personalized nutrition, it is possible, in the presence of particular conditions, such as neonatal growth retardation or in preterm infants, to consider supplementation of some target nutrients, such as certain sphingomyelins. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to more accurately assess whether and how the type and quantity of sphingomyelins present in breast milk could affect the metabolic health of newborns.HIGHLIGHTSBreast milk is the golden standard for infants' nutritionSphingomyelins are the most represented polar lipids in breast milkThese molecules are involved in both intestinal and neural developments of newbornsMetabolomics is a very useful tool to investigate their precise roleFurther studies are needed to provide eventual nutritional treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bosco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Toto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yeruva L, Munblit D, Collado MC. Editorial: Impact of Early Life Nutrition on Immune System Development and Related Health Outcomes in Later Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668569. [PMID: 33841449 PMCID: PMC8027300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Solov'ev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Thielecke F, Fleith M, Afeiche MC, De Castro CA, Martínez-Costa C, Haaland K, Marchini G, Agosti M, Domellöf M, Costeira MJ, Billeaud C, Vanapee M, Picaud JC, Samuel TM. Analysis of dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy in lactating women: a multicentre European cohort (ATLAS study). J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e17. [PMID: 33889400 PMCID: PMC8057516 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating habits of lactating women can influence the nutrient composition of human milk, which in turn influences nutrient intake of breastfed infants. The aim of the present study was to identify food patterns and nutritional adequacy among lactating women in Europe. Data from a multicentre European longitudinal cohort (ATLAS study) were analysed to identify dietary patterns using cluster analysis. Dietary information from 180 lactating women was obtained using 3-d food diaries over the first 4 months of lactation. Four dietary patterns were identified: 'vege-oils', 'fish-poultry', 'confectionery-salads' and 'mixed dishes'. Nutrition adequacy was not significantly different between clusters, but the 'vege-oils' cluster tended to yield the highest nutrition adequacy measured by Mean Adequacy Ratio. Compared with European dietary reference values (DRVs) for lactating women, women in all clusters had inadequate intakes of energy, pantothenic acid, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, iodine, potassium and linoleic acid. Adequate intake for fibre and α-linolenic acid was only achieved in the 'vege-oils' cluster. Overall, fat intake was above DRVs. The present study showed that various dietary patterns do not adequately supply all nutrients, indicating a need to promote overall healthy dietary habits for European lactating women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Wang
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Frank Thielecke
- Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences, Regensdorf-Zurich, Switzerland
- T2 Bene Ltd, Bettenstrasse 60a, 4123Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Fleith
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Myriam C. Afeiche
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A. De Castro
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE90185Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mireille Vanapee
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tinu Mary Samuel
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Saben JL, Sims CR, Piccolo BD, Andres A. Maternal adiposity alters the human milk metabolome: associations between nonglucose monosaccharides and infant adiposity. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1228-1239. [PMID: 32844207 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk composition is altered by maternal obesity. The association between milk metabolites and infant outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify maternal adiposity-related differences in the human milk metabolome and to identify metabolites associated with infant adiposity during the first 6 mo postpartum using untargeted metabolomics. METHOD Maternal anthropometrics were assessed ≤14 weeks of gestation. Human milk samples were collected at 0.5 mo (n = 159), 2 mo (n = 131), and 6 mo (n = 94) postpartum from normal weight (NW, BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and obese (OB, BMI >30 kg/m2) mothers. GC-time-of-flight-MS was used to identify metabolic signatures that discriminate NW and OB women. Partial least squared (PLS)-discriminant analysis, and PLS-regression models were assessed to examine relations between metabolites and maternal BMI and fat mass. Metabolites altered by maternal obesity were used in linear mixed effect models to predict infant adiposity. RESULTS Multivariate modeling identified 23, 17, and 10 metabolites that described maternal adiposity indices at 0.5 mo, 2 mo, and 6 mo postpartum, respectively. Monosaccharides and sugar alcohols were the most representative annotated metabolite classes that were increased in milk from OB women and included: mannose, ribose, lyxose, lyxitol (0.5 mo); mannose, ribitol, glycerol, isothreonic acid, lyxitol (2 mo); lyxitol and isothreonic acid (6 mo). Other discriminant metabolites included: 1-monostearin, xylonolactone, shikimic acid, pseudo uridine, and dodecanol (0.5 mo); N-acetyl-D-hexosamine and fumaric acid (2 mo); uric acid and tyrosine (6 mo). Mannose, lyxitol, and shikimic acid predicted higher infant adiposity over the first 6 mo of life. CONCLUSIONS This study reports on 1 of the largest cohorts to date examining the metabolic profiles in human milk comparing NW and OB women. Maternal adiposity was associated with increased amounts of milk nonglucose monosaccharides. Human milk metabolomics may be useful in predicting infant adiposity. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01131117 and NCT02125149.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Saben
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,J.L.S. Scientific Consulting, L.L.C., Thornton, CO, USA
| | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Samuel TM, Zhou Q, Giuffrida F, Munblit D, Verhasselt V, Thakkar SK. Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors. Front Nutr 2020; 7:576133. [PMID: 33117843 PMCID: PMC7557356 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.576133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is dynamic and shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability. To characterize HM with precision, it is necessary to understand the factors that modulate its composition. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the maternal, infant and methodological factors that affect HM composition. We searched SCOPUS and PubMed databases for articles related to factors that are known to or could potentially influence HM composition and volume across lactation periods. Our comprehensive review encompasses various maternal-, infant-related, and methodological factors that modulate aspects of HM composition including macro- and micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as volume. The most profound changes were observed in HM lipids and lipophiles. Evidence exists for many of the infant-related factors known to affect the nutritive and non-nutritive components of HM (e.g., birth weight, gestational age, infant age/stage of lactation). In contrast, less is known with respect to maternal factors; where there is either limited research or conflicting evidence (e.g., maternal lifestyle, obstetric history, medical conditions), except for the mother's diet, for which there is a relatively well-established understanding. Equally, although many of the methodological factors (e.g., HM sampling, handling and analytics) are known to impact HM composition, few studies have investigated this as a primary outcome, making it an important area of future research in HM. Here we propose a systematic capture of numerous maternal- and infant-related characteristics to facilitate associative comparisons of HM data within and across studies. Additionally, it would be prudent to standardize the methodological aspects known to affect HM composition in analytics, not only for HM lipids and lipophiles, but also for those nutrients whose variability is yet less well-understood. Defining the factors determining HM composition with accuracy will open perspectives for maternal intervention to optimize milk composition for specific needs of infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dittrich A, Hansen K, Simonsen MIT, Busk M, Alstrup AKO, Lauridsen H. Intrinsic Heart Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates May be Strictly Limited to Low-Metabolic Ectotherms. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000054. [PMID: 32914411 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heart has a high-metabolic rate, and its "around-the-clock" vital role to sustain life sets it apart in a regenerative setting from other organs and appendages. The landscape of vertebrate species known to perform intrinsic heart regeneration is strongly biased toward ectotherms-for example, fish, salamanders, and embryonic/neonatal ectothermic mammals. It is hypothesized that intrinsic heart regeneration is exclusively limited to the low-metabolic hearts of ectotherms. The biomedical field of regenerative medicine seeks to devise biologically inspired regenerative therapies to diseased human hearts. Falsification of the ectothermy dependency for heart regeneration hypothesis may be a crucial prerequisite to meaningfully seek inspiration in established ectothermic regenerative animal models. Otherwise, engineering approaches to construct artificial heart components may constitute a more viable path toward regenerative therapies. A more strict definition of regenerative phenomena is generated and several testable sub-hypotheses and experimental avenues are put forward to elucidate the link between heart regeneration and metabolism. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/fZcanaOT5z8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Biology (Zoophysiology), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Leicester Royal Infirmary (East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit), University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Morten Busk
- Department of Oncology (Experimental Clinical Oncology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borràs-Novell C, Herranz Barbero A, Aldecoa-Bilbao V, Feixas Orellana G, Balcells Esponera C, Sánchez Ortiz E, García-Algar O, Iglesias Platas I. Infrared analyzers for the measurement of breastmilk macronutrient content in the clinical setting. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:867-887. [PMID: 32876510 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1816465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing interest in the possibility of measuring the macronutrient content of human milk. Several studies that intend to validate commercially available human milk analyzers have been published with inconsistent results. This review will focus on currently available, verified methodologies for analyzing macronutrients in human milk. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database. Five milk analyzers were chosen to be included in this review: MIRIS (Uppsala, Sweden) (seven articles found), Calais (Cleveland, United States) (four articles), SpectraStar (Brookfield, United States) (four articles), MilkoScan (Hillerdo, Denmark) (two articles), and Delta LactoScope (Stockholm, Sweden) (one article). The following information was extracted from published manuscripts: measuring device, sample preparation, purpose of the study, type of macronutrients studied, results, and conclusions. EXPERT OPINION Infrared spectroscopy can be an accurate and reliable technology for assessing the macronutrient content of human milk, specifically crude protein, and total fat. However, an optimal handling of samples, the development of standardized quality-control protocols, and an improvement in calibration procedures are required before the full implementation of infrared technology in neonatal units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Borràs-Novell
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Herranz Barbero
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Aldecoa-Bilbao
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Feixas Orellana
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Balcells Esponera
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan De Déu, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Sánchez Ortiz
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar García-Algar
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Iglesias Platas
- Neonatology Department. BCNatal - Centre De Medicina Maternofetal I Neonatologia De Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan De Déu, Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hewelt-Belka W, Garwolińska D, Młynarczyk M, Kot-Wasik A. Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2165. [PMID: 32708300 PMCID: PMC7401268 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we present a detailed comparison of the lipid composition of human milk (HM) and formula milk (FM) targeting different lactation stages and infant age range. We studied HM samples collected from 26 Polish mothers from colostrum to 19 months of lactation, along with FM from seven brands available on the Polish market (infant formula, follow-on formula and growing-up formula). Lipid extracts were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). We found that the lipid composition of FM deviates significantly from the HM lipid profile in terms of qualitative and quantitative differences. FM had contrasting lipid profiles mostly across brands and accordingly to the type of fat added but not specific to the target age range. The individual differences were dominant in HM; however, differences according to the lactation stage were also observed, especially between colostrum and HM collected in other lactation stages. Biologically and nutritionally important lipids, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) containing lipid species, sphingomyelines or ether analogues of glycerophosphoethanoloamines were detected in HM collected in all studied lactation stages. The observed differences concerned all the major HM lipid classes and highlight the importance of the detailed compositional studies of both HM and FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.G.); (M.M.); (A.K.-W.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laurens MLL, Kraus-Friedberg C, Kar W, Sanfilippo D, Rajasekaran S, Comstock SS. Dietary Intake Influences Metabolites in Healthy Infants: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072073. [PMID: 32668684 PMCID: PMC7400847 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites are generated from exogenous sources such as diet. This scoping review will summarize nascent metabolite literature and discriminating metabolites for formula vs. human- milk-fed infants. Using the PICOS framework (P—Patient, Problem or Population; I—Intervention; C—Comparison; O—Outcome; S—Study Design) and PRISMA item-reporting protocols, infants less than 12 months old, full-term, and previously healthy were included. Protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (OSF). Publications from 1 January 2009–2019 were selected, for various biofluids, study designs, and techniques (such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)). From 711 articles, blinded screening of 214 articles using Abstrackr® software, resulted in 24 for final review. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted, which included a 24-point checklist. Articles were stratified according to biofluid. Of articles reporting discriminating metabolites between formula- and human milk-fed infants, 62.5% (5/8) of plasma/serum/dried blood spot, 88% (7/8) of urine and 100% (6/6) of feces related articles reported such discriminating metabolites. Overall, no differences were found between analytical approach used (targeted (n = 9) vs. un-targeted (n = 10)). Current articles are limited by small sample sizes and differing methodological approaches. Of the metabolites reviewed herein, fecal metabolites provided the greatest distinction between diets, which may be indicative of usefulness for future diet metabolite-focused work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara L. Leimanis Laurens
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-616-267-0106
| | | | - Wreeti Kar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, Room 139C Trout 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Dominic Sanfilippo
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, 100 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (D.S.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Life Sciences Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, Room 139C Trout 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.K.); (S.S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kincaid HJ, Nagpal R, Yadav H. Microbiome-immune-metabolic axis in the epidemic of childhood obesity: Evidence and opportunities. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12963. [PMID: 31663251 PMCID: PMC7771488 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity epidemic responsible for increase in diabetes, heart diseases, infections and cancer shows no signs of abating. Obesity in children is also on rise, indicating the urgent need of strategies for prevention and intervention that must begin in early life. While originally posited that obesity results from the simple concept of consuming more calories, or genetics, emerging research suggests that the bacteria living in our gut (gut microbiome) and its interactions with immune cells and metabolic organs including adipose tissues (microbiome-immune-metabolic axis) play significant role in obesity development in childhood. Specifically, abnormal changes (dysbiosis) in the gut microbiome, stimulation of inflammatory cytokines, and shifts in the metabolic functions of brown adipose tissue and the browning of white adipose tissue are associated with increased obesity. Many factors from as early as gestation appear to contribute in obesity, such as maternal health, diet, antibiotic use by mother and/or child, and birth and feeding methods. Herein, using evidence from animal and human studies, we discuss how these factors impact microbiome-immune-metabolic axis and cause obesity epidemic in children, and describe the gaps in knowledge that are warranted for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halle J Kincaid
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine- Molecular Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Evaluation of a panel of very long-chain lysophosphatidylcholines and acylcarnitines for screening of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in China. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:157-162. [PMID: 31978407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood C24:0- and C26:0-carnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were reported as diagnostic biomarkers for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). Our aim was to establish the reference intervals of very long-chain (VLC) acylcarnitines (C20-C26) and LPCs in Chinese population, and evaluate valuable biomarkers and develop panel for screening X-ALD in China. METHODS The method of FIA-MS/MS-based quantification of VLC acylcarnitines and LPCs was validated in order to determine their concentrations in dried blood spots from 7 X-ALD boys, 396 age-matched healthy controls, and 3078 putative normal newborns. Screening performance of these metabolites for X-ALD was clinically evaluated. RESULTS The reference intervals of VLC acylcarnitines, LPCs and their ratios were established in Chinese population, and for some metabolites like C26 and C26:0-LPC, the reference intervals were found to be significantly different between children and newborns. C24 and C26, C26:0-LPC, C24/C22 and C26/C22 ratios were found to have better performance than other analytes to identify X-ALD boys from normal children. CONCLUSION C26:0-LPC, C24 and C26 are three most valuable biomarkers for screening of X-ALD in children group. The information of age-related variations in concentration of some biomarkers is helpful for accurate screening of X-ALD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bardanzellu F, Peila C, Fanos V, Coscia A. Clinical insights gained through metabolomic analysis of human breast milk. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:909-932. [PMID: 31825672 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1703679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Among the OMICS technologies, that have emerged in recent years, metabolomics has allowed relevant step forwards in clinical research. Several improvements in disease diagnosis and clinical management have been permitted, even in neonatology. Among potentially evaluable biofluids, breast milk (BM) results are highly interesting, representing a fluid of conjunction between mothers newborns, describing their interaction.Areas covered: in this review, updating a previous review article, we discuss research articles and reviews on BM metabolomics and found in MEDLINE using metabolomics, breast milk, neonatal nutrition, breastfeeding, human milk composition, and preterm neonates as keywords.Expert opinion: Our research group has a profound interest in metabolomics research. In 2012, we published the first metabolomic analysis on BM samples, reporting interesting data on its composition and relevant differences with formula milk (FM), useful to improve FM composition. As confirmed by successive studies, such technology can detect the specific BM composition and its dependence on several variables, including lactation stage, gestational age, maternal or environmental conditions. Moreover, since BM contaminants or drug levels can be detected, metabolomics also results useful to determine BM safety. These are only a few practical applications of BM analysis, which will be reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu QT, Zhong XY. [Application of metabolomics in neonatal clinical practice]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:942-948. [PMID: 31506158 PMCID: PMC7390243 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging and popular subject in the post-genome era, and a large number of studies have been noted on the application of metabolomics in health evaluation, growth and development evaluation, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy evaluation. As a special period of life, the neonatal period is characterized by rapid cell renewing, consumption of a lot of energy and materials, and changes in metabolic pathways, all of which affect the level of metabolites. However, there is still no reference standard for metabolic level and profile in neonates. This article reviews the current status of metabolic research on neonatal growth and development and common diseases and related clinical application of metabolomics, so as to provide new ideas for nutrition guidance and evaluation, selection of therapeutic regimens, and new drug research in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Tong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Chongqing Health Center for Children and Women, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grunewald M, Hellmuth C, Kirchberg FF, Mearin ML, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Korponay-Szabo IR, Polanco I, Roca M, Vriezinga SL, Werkstetter K, Koletzko B, Demmelmair H. Variation and Interdependencies of Human Milk Macronutrients, Fatty Acids, Adiponectin, Insulin, and IGF-II in the European PreventCD Cohort. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2034. [PMID: 31480373 PMCID: PMC6770528 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk composition is variable. The identification of influencing factors and interdependencies of components may help to understand the physiology of lactation. In this study, we analyzed linear trends in human milk composition over time, the variation across different European countries and the influence of maternal celiac disease. Within a multicenter European study exploring potential prevention of celiac disease in a high-risk population (PreventCD), 569 human milk samples were donated by women from five European countries between 16 and 163 days postpartum. Some 202 mothers provided two samples at different time points. Protein, carbohydrates, fat and fatty acids, insulin, adiponectin, and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) were analyzed. Milk protein and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased during the first three months of lactation. Fatty acid composition was significantly influenced by the country of residence. IGF-II and adiponectin concentrations correlated with protein content (r = 0.24 and r = 0.35), and IGF-II also correlated with fat content (r = 0.36), suggesting a possible regulatory role of IGF in milk macronutrient synthesis. Regarding the impact of celiac disease, only the level in palmitic acid was influenced by this disease, suggesting that breastfeeding by celiac disease mothers should not be discouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grunewald
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Franca F Kirchberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Mearin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Castillejo
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, URV, IIPV, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Polanco
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, La Paz University Hospital, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Roca
- U. Enfermedad Celiaca e Inmunopatología Digestiva, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabine L Vriezinga
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Werkstetter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koletzko B. Interindividual variation of human milk metabolome. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1-3. [PMID: 31051515 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bhatnagar D, Bhatnagar P. Breastfeeding and cardiovascular risk factors. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:45-47. [PMID: 30585933 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bhatnagar
- Diabetes Centre, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Univesrity of Manchester, Manchester
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford
| | - Prachi Bhatnagar
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Garwolińska D, Namieśnik J, Kot-Wasik A, Hewelt-Belka W. Chemistry of Human Breast Milk-A Comprehensive Review of the Composition and Role of Milk Metabolites in Child Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11881-11896. [PMID: 30247884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early nutrition has an enormous influence on a child's physiological function, immune system maturation, and cognitive development. Human breast milk (HBM) is recognized as the gold standard for human infant nutrition. According to a WHO report, breastfeeding is considered as an unequaled way of providing ideal food to the infant, which is required for his healthy growth and development. HBM contains various macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins) as well as numerous bioactive compounds and interactive elements (growth factors, hormones, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge about metabolites, which are the least understood components of HBM, and their potential role in infant development. We focus on small metabolites (<1500 Da) and characterize the chemical structure and biological function of polar metabolites such as human milk oligosaccharides, nonprotein molecules containing nitrogen (creatine, amino acids, nucleotides, polyamines), and nonpolar lipids. We believe that this manuscript will provide a comprehensive insight into a HBM metabolite composition, chemical structure, and their role in a child's early life nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Garwolińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Agata Kot-Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Gdańsk University of Technology , Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| |
Collapse
|