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Liu Z, Bian Q, Wang D. Exposure to 6-PPD quinone causes ferroptosis activation associated with induction of reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134356. [PMID: 38643579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) caused toxicity on Caenorhabditis elegans, including reproductive toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms for this induced reproductive toxicity by 6-PPDQ remain largely unclear. We examined possible association of ferroptosis activation with reproductive toxicity of 6-PPDQ. In 1-100 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, Fe2+ content was increased, which was accompanied with enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased L-glutathione (GSH) content. Exposure to 1-100 μg/L 6-PPDQ decreased expressions of ftn-1 encoding ferritin, ads-1 encoding AGPS, and gpx-6 encoding GPX4 and increased expression of bli-3 encoding dual oxidase. After 6-PPDQ exposure, RNAi of ftn-1 decreased ads-1 and gpx-6 expressions and increased bli-3 expression. RNAi of ftn-1, ads-1, and gpx-6 strengthened alterations in ferroptosis related indicators, and RNAi of bli-3 suppressed changes of ferroptosis related indicators in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Meanwhile, RNAi of ftn-1, ads-1, and gpx-6 induced susceptibility, and RNAi of bli-3 caused resistance to 6-PPDQ reproductive toxicity. Moreover, expressions of DNA damage checkpoint genes (clk-2, mrt-2, and hus-1) could be increased by RNAi of ftn-1, ads-1, and gpx-6 in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Therefore, our results demonstrated activation of ferroptosis in nematodes exposed to 6-PPDQ at environmentally relevant concentrations, and this ferroptosis activation was related to reproductive toxicity of 6-PPDQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Qi J, Zhang X, Guo X, Yang Y, Fan X, Han Y, Liu Y. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of alkaloids prepared from Chelidonium majus L. using MRSA- infected C. elegans as a model host. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105944. [PMID: 38580033 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. contained alkaloids as its main component, exhibiting various biological activities, particularly antibacterial activity. This study aimed to extract alkaloids from C. majus L. (total alkaloids) and evaluate their antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Reflux extraction was carried out on C. majus L., and the extract was purified with HPD-600 macroporous resin and 732 cation exchange resin columns. Infection modeling of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was established to investigate the impact of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) on the motility, longevity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of wild-type worms (N2 strain). The effects of total alkaloids on longevity and ROS were further evaluated in infected N2 worms. Additionally, the effect of total alkaloids on the stress resistance of C. elegans and the mechanism of action were investigated. By utilizing CB1370, DR26 and CF1038 transgenic strains of C. elegans to identify whether the antibacterial activity of total alkaloids was dependent on DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway. The results showed that total alkaloids exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against both MRSA and MSSA (MIC 31.25 μg/mL). Compared with MSSA, the MRSA exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the movement behavior and development of worms, along with faster pathogenicity and unique virulence factors. Total alkaloids also displayed the ability to extend the lifespan of C. elegans under oxidative stress and heat stress, and reduce the expression of ROS. The antibacterial activity of total alkaloids was primarily dependent on the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway, and the presence of functional DAF-2 was deemed essential in total alkaloids mediated immune response against MRSA. Moreover, the antibacterial and anti-infection effects of total alkaloids were found to be associated with the daf-16 gene fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchai Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yonggang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Pei H, Lin Z, Yao K, Luo Y, Tong P, Chen H, Wu Y, Wu Z, Gao J. Ovalbumin promotes innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans through DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in insulin/IGF-1 signaling. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01021-2. [PMID: 38632209 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA) is a major allergen in eggs and could induce severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, where the innate immune system works as a regulator. The mechanism of how innate immunity adjusts to food allergy is relatively well-studied, however, the effects of allergen uptake on the innate immune system remain unclear. Therefore, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model was utilized to assess the effects of OVA on its innate immune system. OVA enhanced the immune response of C. elegans with higher survival rates under Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Moreover, sustaining OVA treatment improved the health states that were reflected in the prolonged lifespan, alleviated oxidative stress, accelerated growth, and promoted motility. RNA-sequencing analysis and the slow-killing assays in the mutants of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS)-related genes confirmed that IIS was necessary for OVA to regulate innate immunity. Besides, OVA activated SKN-1 temporarily and facilitated the nuclear localization of DAF-16 for improving immunity and health status in C. elegans. Together, OVA could enhance the innate immune responses via DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in the IIS of C. elegans, and this work will provide novel insights into the regulation of innate immunity by OVA in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Food Allergy, Nanchang, 330047, P.R. China.
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Yin F, Zhou Y, Xie D, Liang Y, Luo X. Evaluating the adverse effects and mechanisms of nanomaterial exposure on longevity of C. elegans: A literature meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis of multi-transcriptome data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118106. [PMID: 38224941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to large-size particulate air pollution (PM2.5 or PM10) has been reported to increase risks of aging-related diseases and human death, indicating the potential pro-aging effects of airborne nanomaterials with ultra-fine particle size (which have been widely applied in various fields). However, this hypothesis remains inconclusive. Here, a meta-analysis of 99 published literatures collected from electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library; from inception to June 2023) was performed to confirm the effects of nanomaterial exposure on aging-related indicators and molecular mechanisms in model animal C. elegans. The pooled analysis by Stata software showed that compared with the control, nanomaterial exposure significantly shortened the mean lifespan [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -2.30], reduced the survival rate (SMD = -4.57) and increased the death risk (hazard ratio = 1.36) accompanied by upregulation of ced-3, ced-4 and cep-1, while downregulation of ctl-2, ape-1, aak-2 and pmk-1. Furthermore, multi-transcriptome data associated with nanomaterial exposure were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE32521, GSE41486, GSE24847, GSE59470, GSE70509, GSE14932, GSE93187, GSE114881, and GSE122728) and bioinformatics analyses showed that pseudogene prg-2, mRNAs of abu, car-1, gipc-1, gsp-3, kat-1, pod-2, acdh-8, hsp-60 and egrh-2 were downregulated, while R04A9.7 was upregulated after exposure to at least two types of nanomaterials. Resveratrol (abu, hsp-60, pod-2, egrh-2, acdh-8, gsp-3, car-1, kat-1, gipc-1), naringenin (kat-1, egrh-2), coumestrol (egrh-2) or swainsonine/niacin/ferulic acid (R04A9.7) exerted therapeutic effects by reversing the expression levels of target genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the necessity to use phytomedicines that target hub genes to delay aging for populations with nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering/National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunxia Liang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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5
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Li C, Zhang P, Hong PP, Niu GJ, Wang XP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. White spot syndrome virus hijacks host PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128333. [PMID: 38007022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed superior strategies to escape host defenses or exploit host components and enable their infection. The forkhead box transcription factor O family proteins (FOXOs) are reportedly utilized by human cytomegalovirus during their reactivation in mammals, but if FOXOs are exploited by viruses during their infection remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the FOXO of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was hijacked by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) during infection. Mechanistically, the expression of leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) was up-regulated during the early stages of WSSV infection, which activated the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by methylation, leading to dephosphorylation of FOXO and translocation into the nucleus. The FOXO directly promoted transcription of the immediate early gene, wsv079 of WSSV, which functioned as a transcriptional activator to initiate the expression of viral early and late genes. Thus, WSSV utilized the host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO axis to promote its replication during the early infection stage. We also found that, during the late stages of WSSV infection, the envelope protein of WSSV (VP26) promoted PP2A activity by directly binding to FOXO and the regulatory subunit of PP2A (B55), which further facilitated FOXO dephosphorylation and WSSV replication via the VP26-PP2A-FOXO axis in shrimp. Overall, this study reveals novel viral strategies by which WSSV hijacks host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO or VP26-PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation, and provides clinical targets for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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6
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Yang RQ, Chen YH, Wu QY, Tang J, Niu SZ, Zhao Q, Ma YC, Zou CG. Indole produced during dysbiosis mediates host-microorganism chemical communication. eLife 2023; 12:e85362. [PMID: 37987602 PMCID: PMC10691800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has a substantial impact on host physiology. However, the mechanism by which host deals with gut dysbiosis to maintain fitness remains largely unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli, which is its bacterial diet, proliferates in its intestinal lumen during aging. Here, we demonstrate that progressive intestinal proliferation of E. coli activates the transcription factor DAF-16, which is required for maintenance of longevity and organismal fitness in worms with age. DAF-16 up-regulates two lysozymes lys-7 and lys-8, thus limiting the bacterial accumulation in the gut of worms during aging. During dysbiosis, the levels of indole produced by E. coli are increased in worms. Indole is involved in the activation of DAF-16 by TRPA-1 in neurons of worms. Our finding demonstrates that indole functions as a microbial signal of gut dysbiosis to promote fitness of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiu Yang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yong-Hong Chen
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qin-yi Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Jie Tang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Shan-Zhuang Niu
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qiu Zhao
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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7
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Wang Q, Fu R, Li G, Xiong S, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Hedgehog receptors exert immune-surveillance roles in the epidermis across species. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112929. [PMID: 37527037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling plays pivotal roles in the development and homeostasis of epithelial barrier tissues. However, whether and how Hedgehog signaling directly regulates innate immunity in epithelial cells remains unknown. By utilizing C. elegans epidermis as the model, we found that several Hedgehog receptors are involved in cell-autonomous regulation of the innate immune response in the epidermis. Particularly, loss of the Patched family receptor induces aberrant up-regulation of epidermal antimicrobial peptides in a STAT-dependent manner. External or internal insult to the epidermis triggers rapid rearrangement of Patched distribution along the plasma membrane, indicating that the Hedgehog (Hh) receptor is likely involved in recognition and defense against epidermal damage. Loss of PTCH1 function in primary human keratinocytes and intact mouse skin also results in STAT-dependent immune activation. These findings reveal an evolutionally conserved immune-surveillance function of Hedgehog receptors and an insult-sensing and response strategy of epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shaojie Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Zhuang XM, Guo ZY, Zhang M, Chen YH, Qi FN, Wang RQ, Zhang L, Zhao PJ, Lu CJ, Zou CG, Ma YC, Xu J, Zhang KQ, Cao YR, Liang LM. Ethanol mediates the interaction between Caenorhabditis elegans and the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lavendulum. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0127023. [PMID: 37560934 PMCID: PMC10580998 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01270-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately recognizing pathogens by the host is vital for initiating appropriate immune response against infecting microorganisms. Caenorhabditis elegans has no known receptor to recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern. However, recent studies showed that nematodes have a strong specificity for transcriptomes infected by different pathogens, indicating that they can identify different pathogenic microorganisms. However, the mechanism(s) for such specificity remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lavendulum can infect the intestinal tract of the nematode C. elegans and the infection led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the infected intestinal tract, which suppressed fungal growth. Co-transcriptional analysis revealed that fungal genes related to anaerobic respiration and ethanol production were up-regulated during infection. Meanwhile, the ethanol dehydrogenase Sodh-1 in C. elegans was also up-regulated. Together, these results suggested that the infecting fungi encounter hypoxia stress in the nematode gut and that ethanol may play a role in the host-pathogen interaction. Ethanol production in vitro during fungal cultivation in hypoxia conditions was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Direct treatment of C. elegans with ethanol elevated the sodh-1 expression and ROS accumulation while repressing a series of immunity genes that were also repressed during fungal infection. Mutation of sodh-1 in C. elegans blocked ROS accumulation and increased the nematode's susceptibility to fungal infection. Our study revealed a new recognition and antifungal mechanism in C. elegans. The novel mechanism of ethanol-mediated interaction between the fungus and nematode provides new insights into fungal pathogenesis and for developing alternative biocontrol of pathogenic nematodes by nematophagous fungi. IMPORTANCE Nematodes are among the most abundant animals on our planet. Many of them are parasites in animals and plants and cause human and animal health problems as well as agricultural losses. Studying the interaction of nematodes and their microbial pathogens is of great importance for the biocontrol of animal and plant parasitic nematodes. In this study, we found that the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can recognize its fungal pathogen, the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lavendulum, through fungal-produced ethanol. Then the nematode elevated the reactive oxygen species production in the gut to inhibit fungal growth in an ethanol dehydrogenase-dependent manner. With this mechanism, novel biocontrol strategies may be developed targeting the ethanol receptor or metabolic pathway of nematodes. Meanwhile, as a volatile organic compound, ethanol should be taken seriously as a vector molecule in the microbial-host interaction in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng-Na Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ren-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chao-Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ru Cao
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lian-Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and The Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang D. Paeoniflorin increases the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Caenorhabditis elegans at the immunosuppression stage by activating PMK-1, BAR-1, and EGL-1 signals. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:616-628. [PMID: 37535304 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is the major active compound of total glycoside of paeony in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Although several aspects of beneficial effects of paeoniflorin have been described, whether the paeoniflorin treatment is helpful for inhibiting the pathogen infection-induced immunosuppression remains largely unclear. Using the immunosuppression model in Caenorhabditis elegans induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, we here examined the beneficial effect of paeoniflorin treatment against the immunosuppression induced by bacterial pathogen infection. In this immunosuppression model, we observed that the survival rate of P. aeruginosa infected nematodes at the immunosuppression stage could be significantly increased by 25-100 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment. P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen of nematodes at the immunosuppression stage was reduced by paeoniflorin treatment. Paeoniflorin could activate the expressions of antimicrobial genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in nematodes at the immunosuppression stage. Moreover, at the immunosuppression stage, paeoniflorin treatment increased the expressions of bar-1, pmk-1, and egl-1 required for the control of innate immunity against bacterial infection. Meanwhile, RNAi of bar-1, pmk-1, and egl-1 inhibited the beneficial effect of paeoniflorin treatment in increasing the survival, reducing the P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen, and activating the expressions of antimicrobial genes (lys-1 and lys-8) in nematodes at the immunosuppression stage. Therefore, paeoniflorin treatment could effectively inhibit the immunosuppression induced by bacterial pathogen infection in the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Hu Y, Xu Z, Pan Q, Ma L. Casein kinase 1 gamma regulates oxidative stress response via interacting with the NADPH dual oxidase complex. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010740. [PMID: 37099597 PMCID: PMC10166522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress response is a fundamental biological process mediated by conserved mechanisms. The identities and functions of some key regulators remain unknown. Here, we report a novel role of C. elegans casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 (also known as CK1γ or CSNK1G) in regulating oxidative stress response and ROS levels. csnk-1 interacted with the bli-3/tsp-15/doxa-1 NADPH dual oxidase genes via genetic nonallelic noncomplementation to affect C. elegans survival in oxidative stress. The genetic interaction was supported by specific biochemical interactions between DOXA-1 and CSNK-1 and potentially between their human orthologs DUOXA2 and CSNK1G2. Consistently, CSNK-1 was required for normal ROS levels in C. elegans. CSNK1G2 and DUOXA2 each can promote ROS levels in human cells, effects that were suppressed by a small molecule casein kinase 1 inhibitor. We also detected genetic interactions between csnk-1 and skn-1 Nrf2 in oxidative stress response. Together, we propose that CSNK-1 CSNK1G defines a novel conserved regulatory mechanism for ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Profile of Prof. Ke-Qin Zhang. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:436-438. [PMID: 36680677 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Xiao Y, Zhang L, Zhu X, Qin Y, Yu C, Jiang N, Li S, Liu F, Liu Y. Luteolin promotes pathogen resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109679. [PMID: 36640711 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway was an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which regulated many aspects of organismal physiology, such as pathogen resistance, metabolism, stress response, longevity. Luteolin, a flavone contained in many medical plants and in vegetables, had been shown to exhibit activities such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, whether the Luteolin influenced the immune response and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained obscure. We found that Luteolin increased resistance to not only the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica but also the Gram-positive pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus in dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, Luteolin promoted host immune response via inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Through the genetic screening in C. elegans, we found that Luteolin promoted innate immunity via DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway rather than p38 MAPK pathway and SKN-1. Furthermore, Luteolin activated the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor for innate immune response. Our work suggested that Luteolin had the potential of improving the patients with pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Center of Forensic Expertise, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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The metabolite alpha-ketobutyrate extends lifespan by promoting peroxisomal function in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:240. [PMID: 36646719 PMCID: PMC9842765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is intimately linked to aging. There is a growing number of studies showing that endogenous metabolites may delay aging and improve healthspan. Through the analysis of existing transcriptome data, we discover a link between activation of the transsulfuration pathway and a transcriptional program involved in peroxisome function and biogenesis in long-lived glp-1(e2141ts) mutant Caenorhabditis elegans worms. Subsequently, we show that supplementation with α-ketobutyrate, an intermediate of the transsulfuration pathway, extends lifespan in wild-type worms. Alpha-ketobutyrate augments the production of NAD+ via the lactate dehydrogenase LDH-1, leading to SIR-2.1/SIRT1-mediated enhanced peroxisome function and biogenesis, along with a concomitant increase in the expression of acox-1.2/ACOX1 in the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. ACOX-1.2/ACOX1 promotes H2O2 formation, thereby resulting in activation of SKN-1/NRF2. This transcription factor in turn extends the lifespan of worms by driving expression of autophagic and lysosomal genes. Finally, we show that α-ketobutyrate also delays the cellular senescence in fibroblast cells through the SIRT1-ACOX1-H2O2-NRF2 pathway. This finding uncovers a previously unknown role for α-ketobutyrate in organismal lifespan and healthspan by coordinating the NAD+-SIRT1 signaling and peroxisomal function.
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14
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Geng S, Li Q, Zhou X, Zheng J, Liu H, Zeng J, Yang R, Fu H, Hao F, Feng Q, Qi B. Gut commensal E. coli outer membrane proteins activate the host food digestive system through neural-immune communication. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1401-1416.e8. [PMID: 36057258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract facilitates food digestion, with the gut microbiota playing pivotal roles in nutrient breakdown and absorption. However, the microbial molecules and downstream signaling pathways that activate food digestion remain unexplored. Here, by establishing a food digestion system in C. elegans, we discover that food breakdown is regulated by the interaction between bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and a neural-immune pathway. E. coli OmpF/A activate digestion by increasing the neuropeptide NLP-12 that acts on the receptor CCKR. NLP-12 is homologous to mammalian cholecystokinin, known to stimulate dopamine, and we found that loss of dopamine receptors or addition of a dopamine antagonist inhibited OMP-mediated digestion. Dopamine and NLP-12-CKR-1 converge to inhibit PMK-1/p38 innate immune signaling. Moreover, directly inhibiting PMK-1/p38 boosts food digestion. This study uncovers a role of bacterial OMPs in regulating animal nutrient uptake and supports a key role for innate immunity in digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Geng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Junkang Zheng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Herui Fu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fanrui Hao
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qianxu Feng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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15
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Ju S, Chen H, Wang S, Lin J, Ma Y, Aroian RV, Peng D, Sun M. C. elegans monitor energy status via the AMPK pathway to trigger innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens. Commun Biol 2022; 5:643. [PMID: 35773333 PMCID: PMC9246835 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen recognition and the triggering of host innate immune system are critical to understanding pathogen-host interaction. Cellular surveillance systems have been identified as an important strategy for the identification of microbial infection. In the present study, using Bacillus thuringiensis-Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we found an approach for surveillance systems to sense pathogens. We report that Bacillus thuringiensis Cry5Ba, a typical pore-forming toxin, caused mitochondrial damage and energy imbalance by triggering potassium ion leakage, instead of directly targeting mitochondria. Interestingly, we find C. elegans can monitor intracellular energy status to trigger innate immune responses via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), secreting multiple effectors to defend against pathogenic attacks. Our study indicates that the imbalance of energy status is a prevalent side effect of pathogen infection. Furthermore, the AMPK-dependent surveillance system may serve as a practicable strategy for the host to recognize and defense against pathogens. Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry5Ba triggers potassium ion leakage, causing mitochondrial damage and energy imbalance. C. elegans can monitor this intracellular energy imbalance via AMP-activated protein kinase to trigger innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Raffi V Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester, Worcester, MA, 01605-2377, USA
| | - Donghai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Kitisin T, Muangkaew W, Sukphopetch P. Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 regulates lifespan and immune responses to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii infections. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:162. [PMID: 35733100 PMCID: PMC9214972 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection is primarily caused by two sibling species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Several virulence-related factors of these cryptococci have been widely investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans, representing a facile in vivo model of host–pathogen interaction. While recent studies elucidated cryptococcal virulence factors, intrinsic host factors that affect susceptibility to infections by cryptococci remain unclear and poorly investigated. Results Here, we showed that defects in C. elegans insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway influenced animal lifespan and mechanisms of host resistance in cryptococcal infections, which required the activation of aging regulator DAF-16/Forkhead box O transcription factor. Moreover, accumulation of lipofuscin, DAF-16 nuclear localization, and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) were elevated in C. elegans due to host defenses during cryptococcal infections. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the relationship between longevity and immunity, which may provide a possibility for novel therapeutic intervention to improve host resistance against cryptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinan Kitisin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharamat Muangkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passanesh Sukphopetch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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17
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Liu F, Wang H, Zhu X, Jiang N, Pan F, Song C, Yu C, Yu C, Qin Y, Hui J, Li S, Xiao Y, Liu Y. Sanguinarine promotes healthspan and innate immunity through a conserved mechanism of ROS-mediated PMK-1/SKN-1 activation. iScience 2022; 25:103874. [PMID: 35243236 PMCID: PMC8857505 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The longevity of an organism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. With respect to genetic factors, a significant effort is being made to identify pharmacological agents that extend lifespan by targeting pathways with a defined role in the aging process. Sanguinarine (San) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that exerts a broad spectrum of properties. In this study, we utilized Caenorhabditis elegans to examine the mechanisms by which sanguinarine influences aging and innate immunity. We find that 0.2 μM sanguinarine extends healthspan in C. elegans. We further show that sanguinarine generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is followed by the activation of PMK-1/SKN-1pathway to extend healthspan. Intriguingly, sanguinarine increases resistance to pathogens by reducing the bacterial burden in the intestine. In addition, we also find that sanguinarine enhances innate immunity through PMK-1/SKN-1 pathway. Our data suggest that sanguinarine may be a viable candidate for the treatment of age-related disorders. Sanguinarine extends healthspan in C. elegans Sanguinarine-induced ROS activates the PMK-1/SKN-1 pathway to extend healthspan Sanguinarine increases resistance to pathogens by reducing the bacterial burden Sanguinarine enhances innate immunity through PMK-1/SKN-1 pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Xinting Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Changwei Song
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Chunbo Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Changyan Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Jing Hui
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Sanhua Li
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, GZ 563000, China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Pathak N, Tomer M, Rawat M, Dev R, Varshney A. Anti-hyperglycemic contours of Madhugrit are robustly translated in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of lipid accumulation by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1064532. [PMID: 36545334 PMCID: PMC9762483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1064532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes has considerably increased in recent years. In the long run, use of dual therapy of anti-diabetic agents becomes mandatory to attain euglycemia. Also, the incidences of diabetes-related co-morbidities have warranted the search for new therapeutic approaches for the management of the disease. Traditional herbo-mineral, anti-diabetic agents like Madhugrit are often prescribed to mitigate diabetes and related complications. The present study aimed to thoroughly characterize the pharmacological applications of Madhugrit. METHODS Phytometabolite characterization of Madhugrit was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Evaluation of cell viability, α-amylase inhibition, glucose uptake, inflammation, and wound healing was performed by in vitro model systems using AR42J, L6, THP1, HaCaT cells, and reporter cell lines namely NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The formation of advanced glycation end products was determined by cell-free assay. In addition, the therapeutic potential of Madhugrit was also analyzed in the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Parameters like brood size, % curling, glucose and triglyceride accumulation, lipid deposition, ROS generation, and lipid peroxidation were determined under hyperglycemic conditions induced by the addition of supraphysiological glucose levels. RESULTS Madhugrit treatment significantly reduced the α-amylase release, enhanced glucose uptake, decreased AGEs formation, reduced differentiation of monocyte to macrophage, lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and enhanced wound healing in the in vitro hyperglycemic (glucose; 25 mM) conditions. In C. elegans stimulated with 100 mM glucose, Madhugrit (30 µg/ml) treatment normalized brood size, reduced curling behavior, decreased accumulation of glucose, triglycerides, and lowered oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Madhugrit showed multimodal approaches in combating hyperglycemia and related complications due to the presence of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing, and lipid-lowering phytoconstituents in its arsenal. The study warrants the translational use of Madhugrit as an effective medicine for diabetes and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishit Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Malini Rawat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Anurag Varshney,
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Survival upon Staphylococcus aureus mediated wound infection in Caenorhabditis elegans and the mechanism entailed. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104952. [PMID: 34022354 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection following injury is one of the major threats which causes huge economic burden in wound care management all over the world. Injury often results with poor healing when coupled by following infection. In contrast to this, we observed enhanced survival of wound infected worms compared to wounded worms in Caenorhabditis elegans wound model while infecting with Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, the study was intended to identify the mechanism for the enhanced survival of wound infected worms through LCMS/MS based high throughput proteomic analysis. Bioinformatics analyses of the identified protein players indicated differential enrichment of several pathways including MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol signaling. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol signaling through chemical treatment showed complete reversal of the enhanced survival during wound infection nevertheless mutant of MAPK pathway did not reverse the same. Consequently, it was delineated that oxidative phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol signaling are crucial for the survival. In this regard, elevated calcium signals and ROS including O- and H2O2 were observed in wounded and wound infected worms. Consequently, it was insinuated that presence of pathogen stress could have incited survival in wound infected worms with the aid of elevated ROS and calcium signals.
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20
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Fabian DK, Fuentealba M, Dönertaş HM, Partridge L, Thornton JM. Functional conservation in genes and pathways linking ageing and immunity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33990202 PMCID: PMC8120713 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At first glance, longevity and immunity appear to be different traits that have not much in common except the fact that the immune system promotes survival upon pathogenic infection. Substantial evidence however points to a molecularly intertwined relationship between the immune system and ageing. Although this link is well-known throughout the animal kingdom, its genetic basis is complex and still poorly understood. To address this question, we here provide a compilation of all genes concomitantly known to be involved in immunity and ageing in humans and three well-studied model organisms, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the house mouse Mus musculus. By analysing human orthologs among these species, we identified 7 evolutionarily conserved signalling cascades, the insulin/TOR network, three MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK), JAK/STAT, TGF-β, and Nf-κB pathways that act pleiotropically on ageing and immunity. We review current evidence for these pathways linking immunity and lifespan, and their role in the detrimental dysregulation of the immune system with age, known as immunosenescence. We argue that the phenotypic effects of these pathways are often context-dependent and vary, for example, between tissues, sexes, and types of pathogenic infection. Future research therefore needs to explore a higher temporal, spatial and environmental resolution to fully comprehend the connection between ageing and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fabian
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. .,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matías Fuentealba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Handan Melike Dönertaş
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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21
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Immunomodulatory effect of pentagalloyl glucose in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and PAO1-induced Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111388. [PMID: 33957261 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is a valuable natural compound with an array of biological activities, but the immunomodulatory effect and mechanism have not been fully validated yet. In this study, to elucidate comprehensively the function of immunomodulation and its underlying mechanism of PGG in vitro and in vivo, two model systems were conducted, which including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1)-induced Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Current results showed that PGG significantly inhibited secretions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mediator nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the expression of genes nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS- stimulated RAW264.7 cells was reduced by PGG. In vivo assay showed that lifespan of PAO1-induced C. elegans was enhanced significantly by 14.1% under the pre-treatment of PGG, which was abrogated in toxin sensitive mdt-15 mutant. Similarly, the PGG showed a benefit on 41.2% significant extension longevity in C. elegans under pathogenic PA14. And the nuclear localization of DAF-16 of strain TJ356 was significantly increased in PAO1-induced C. elegans by PGG. Further, PGG modulated several signaling pathways to enhance immunomodulation in C. elegans including DBL-1, DAF-2/DAF-16, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. Furthermore, other genes involved in immunomodulatory response in C. elegans were remarkably regulated such as lys-1, lys-2, spp-18, egl-9, and hif-1. Our study suggested that PGG have potential to develop into novel immunomodulatory nutraceutical.
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22
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Henry SA, Crivello S, Nguyen TM, Cybulska M, Hoang NS, Nguyen M, Badial T, Emami N, Awada N, Woodward JF, So CH. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 modifies the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to survive oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:187-197. [PMID: 33064264 PMCID: PMC7736396 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival and adaptation to oxidative stress is important for many organisms, and these occur through the activation of many different signaling pathways. In this report, we showed that Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans G protein-coupled receptor kinases modified the ability of the organism to resist oxidative stress. In acute oxidative stress studies using juglone, loss-of-function grk-2 mutants were more resistant to oxidative stress compared with loss-of-function grk-1 mutants and the wild-type N2 animals. This effect was Ce-AKT-1 dependent, suggesting that Ce-GRK2 adjusted C. elegans oxidative stress resistance through the IGF/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway. Treating C. elegans with a GRK2 inhibitor, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine, resulted in increased acute oxidative stress resistance compared with another selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. In chronic oxidative stress studies with paraquat, both grk-1 and grk-2 mutants had longer lifespan compared with the wild-type N2 animals in stress. In summary, this research showed the importance of both GRKs, especially GRK2, in modifying oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Henry
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Selina Crivello
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Tina M Nguyen
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Magdalena Cybulska
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Ngoc S Hoang
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Mary Nguyen
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | | | - Nazgol Emami
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Nasma Awada
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Johnathen F Woodward
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Christopher H So
- Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA.
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23
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li H, Wang R, Zhang KQ, Xu J. Fungi-Nematode Interactions: Diversity, Ecology, and Biocontrol Prospects in Agriculture. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E206. [PMID: 33020457 PMCID: PMC7711821 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi and nematodes are among the most abundant organisms in soil habitats. They provide essential ecosystem services and play crucial roles for maintaining the stability of food-webs and for facilitating nutrient cycling. As two of the very abundant groups of organisms, fungi and nematodes interact with each other in multiple ways. Here in this review, we provide a broad framework of interactions between fungi and nematodes with an emphasis on those that impact crops and agriculture ecosystems. We describe the diversity and evolution of fungi that closely interact with nematodes, including food fungi for nematodes as well as fungi that feed on nematodes. Among the nematophagous fungi, those that produce specialized nematode-trapping devices are especially interesting, and a great deal is known about their diversity, evolution, and molecular mechanisms of interactions with nematodes. Some of the fungi and nematodes are significant pathogens and pests to crops. We summarize the ecological and molecular mechanisms identified so far that impact, either directly or indirectly, the interactions among phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic nematodes, and crop plants. The potential applications of our understanding to controlling phytophagous nematodes and soilborne fungal pathogens in agricultural fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Haixia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (H.L.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Heilman C, Ibarreta J, Salonga GA, Hon MC, Caracci AM, Badial T, Crivello S, Henry SA, Nguyen TM, So CH. G protein coupled receptor kinases modulate Caenorhabditis elegans reactions to heat stresses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:692-698. [PMID: 32768194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we explored if G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) can help modulate the heat stress responses of Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans. Loss of function grk-2 C. elegans mutants were more tolerant to increases in heat and display an ability for heat stress-associated hormesis at a longer exposure time unlike the wild type N2 animals and the loss of function grk-1 C. elegans mutants. The loss of function grk-1 mutants recovered more from acute heat stress compared to the wild type N2 animals. Animals with low Ce-GRK2 protein expression showed increased DAF-16 nuclear localization during the early stages of heat stress exposure compared to the other RNAi-treated animals, demonstrating altered insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway activity in response to the stress. pdk-1 and akt-1 may play key roles in conjunction with Ce-GRK2 in the heat stress response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GRKs influence C. elegans heat stress behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heilman
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Janeen Ibarreta
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Glecille Ann Salonga
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Michelle C Hon
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Angela M Caracci
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | | | - Selina Crivello
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Stacy A Henry
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Tina M Nguyen
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA
| | - Christopher H So
- From the Roseman University of Health Sciences School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV, 89014, USA.
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25
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Goswamy D, Irazoqui JE. A unifying hypothesis on the central role of reactive oxygen species in bacterial pathogenesis and host defense in C. elegans. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:9-20. [PMID: 32898751 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During intestinal infection, microbes induce ROS by various mechanisms in C. elegans. ROS can have beneficial roles, acting as antimicrobials and as signaling molecules that activate cytoprotective pathways. Failure to maintain appropriate levels of ROS causes oxidative stress and cellular damage. This review uses the Damage Response Framework to interpret several recent observations on the relationships between infection, host response, and host damage, with a focus on mechanisms mediated by ROS. We propose a unifying hypothesis that ROS drive a collapse in proteostasis in infected C. elegans, which results in death during unresolved infection. Because the signaling pathways highlighted here are conserved in mammals, the mentioned and future studies can provide new tools of hypothesis generation in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Goswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Javier E Irazoqui
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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26
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Hummell NA, Kirienko NV. Repurposing bioactive compounds for treating multidrug-resistant pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:881-894. [PMID: 32163353 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Antimicrobial development is being outpaced by the rising rate of antimicrobial resistance in the developing and industrialized world. Drug repurposing, where novel antibacterial functions can be found for known molecular entities, reduces drug development costs, reduces regulatory hurdles, and increases rate of success.Aim. We sought to characterize the antimicrobial properties of five known bioactives (DMAQ-B1, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, CD437 and PSB-069) that were discovered in a high-throughput phenotypic screen for hits that extend Caenorhabditis elegans survival during exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14.Methodology. c.f.u. assays, biofilm staining and fluorescence microscopy were used to assay the compounds' effect on various virulence determinants. Checkerboard assays were used to assess synergy between compounds and conventional antimicrobials. C. elegans-based assays were used to test whether the compounds could also rescue against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphyloccus aureus. Finally, toxicity was assessed in C. elegans and mammalian cells.Results. Four of the compounds rescued C. elegans from a second bacterial pathogen and two of them (DMAQ-B1, a naturally occurring insulin mimetic, and CD437, an agonist of the retinoic acid receptor) rescued against all three. The platinum complexes displayed increased antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Of the molecules tested, only CD437 showed slight synergy with ampicillin. The two most effective compounds, DMAQ-B1 and CD437, showed toxicity to mammalian cells.Conclusion. Although these compounds' potential for repurposing is limited by their toxicity, our results contribute to this growing field and provide a simple road map for using C. elegans for preliminary testing of known bioactive compounds with predicted antimicrobial activity.
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Basso MF, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Mendes RAG, Pinto CEM, Bournaud C, Gillet FX, Togawa RC, de Macedo LLP, de Almeida Engler J, Grossi-de-Sa MF. MiDaf16-like and MiSkn1-like gene families are reliable targets to develop biotechnological tools for the control and management of Meloidogyne incognita. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6991. [PMID: 32332904 PMCID: PMC7181638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is a plant-parasitic root-knot nematode (RKN, PPN) responsible for causing damage to several crops worldwide. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the DAF-16 and SKN-1 transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate aging, longevity, and defense responses to several stresses. Here, we report that MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1, which are orthologous to DAF-16 and SKN-1 in C. elegans, and some of their targets, are modulated in M. incognita J2 during oxidative stress or plant parasitism. We used RNAi technology for the stable production of siRNAs in planta to downregulate the MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1 genes of M. incognita during host plant parasitism. Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a hairpin-derived dsRNA targeting these genes individually (single-gene silencing) or simultaneously (double-gene silencing) were generated. T2 plants were challenged with M. incognita and the number of eggs, galls, and J2, and the nematode reproduction factor (NRF) were evaluated. Our data indicate that MiDaf16-like1, MiSkn1-like1 and some genes from their networks are modulated in M. incognita J2 during oxidative stress or plant parasitism. Transgenic A. thaliana and N. tabacum plants with single- or double-gene silencing showed significant reductions in the numbers of eggs, J2, and galls, and in NRF. Additionally, the double-gene silencing plants had the highest resistance level. Gene expression assays confirmed the downregulation of the MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1 TFs and defense genes in their networks during nematode parasitism in the transgenic plants. All these findings demonstrate that these two TFs are potential targets for the development of biotechnological tools for nematode control and management in economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reneida Aparecida Godinho Mendes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, 70297-400, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Clidia Eduarda Moreira Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, 70297-400, Brazil
- Federal University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Bournaud
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, 38054, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, 70297-400, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, 71966-700, Brazil.
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28
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Kumar A, Baruah A, Tomioka M, Iino Y, Kalita MC, Khan M. Caenorhabditis elegans: a model to understand host-microbe interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1229-1249. [PMID: 31584128 PMCID: PMC11104810 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions within the gut are fundamental to all higher organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans has been in use as a surrogate model to understand the conserved mechanisms in host-microbe interactions. Morphological and functional similarities of C. elegans gut with the human have allowed the mechanistic investigation of gut microbes and their effects on metabolism, development, reproduction, behavior, pathogenesis, immune responses and lifespan. Recent reports suggest their suitability for functional investigations of human gut bacteria, such as gut microbiota of healthy and diseased individuals. Our knowledge on the gut microbial diversity of C. elegans in their natural environment and the effect of host genetics on their core gut microbiota is important. Caenorhabditis elegans, as a model, is continuously bridging the gap in our understanding the role of genetics, environment, and dietary factors on physiology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, 785013, India
| | - Masahiro Tomioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- JST, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mohan C Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Mojibur Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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29
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Urrutia A, García-Angulo VA, Fuentes A, Caneo M, Legüe M, Urquiza S, Delgado SE, Ugalde J, Burdisso P, Calixto A. Bacterially produced metabolites protect C. elegans neurons from degeneration. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000638. [PMID: 32208418 PMCID: PMC7092960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans and its cognate bacterial diet comprise a reliable, widespread model to study diet and microbiota effects on host physiology. Nonetheless, how diet influences the rate at which neurons die remains largely unknown. A number of models have been used in C. elegans as surrogates for neurodegeneration. One of these is a C. elegans strain expressing a neurotoxic allele of the mechanosensory abnormality protein 4 (MEC-4d) degenerin/epithelial Na+ (DEG/ENaC) channel, which causes the progressive degeneration of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Using this model, our study evaluated the effect of various dietary bacteria on neurodegeneration dynamics. Although degeneration of TRNs was steady and completed at adulthood in the strain routinely used for C. elegans maintenance (Escherichia coli OP50), it was significantly reduced in environmental and other laboratory bacterial strains. Strikingly, neuroprotection reached more than 40% in the E. coli HT115 strain. HT115 protection was long lasting well into old age of animals and was not restricted to the TRNs. Small amounts of HT115 on OP50 bacteria as well as UV-killed HT115 were still sufficient to produce neuroprotection. Early growth of worms in HT115 protected neurons from degeneration during later growth in OP50. HT115 diet promoted the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 (ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors), a phenomenon previously reported to underlie neuroprotection caused by down-regulation of the insulin receptor in this system. Moreover, a daf-16 loss-of-function mutation abolishes HT115-driven neuroprotection. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches pinpointed the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate as metabolites differentially produced between E. coli HT115 and OP50. HT115 mutant lacking glutamate decarboxylase enzyme genes (gad), which catalyze the conversion of GABA from glutamate, lost the ability to produce GABA and also to stop neurodegeneration. Moreover, in situ GABA supplementation or heterologous expression of glutamate decarboxylase in E. coli OP50 conferred neuroprotective activity to this strain. Specific C. elegans GABA transporters and receptors were required for full HT115-mediated neuroprotection. Additionally, lactate supplementation also increased anterior ventral microtubule (AVM) neuron survival in OP50. Together, these results demonstrate that bacterially produced GABA and other metabolites exert an effect of neuroprotection in the host, highlighting the role of neuroactive compounds of the diet in nervous system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arles Urrutia
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Víctor A. García-Angulo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrés Fuentes
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Caneo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Marcela Legüe
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sebastián Urquiza
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Scarlett E. Delgado
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Ugalde
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Paula Burdisso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica (PLABEM), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Calixto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Benomar S, Lansdon P, Bender AM, Peterson BR, Chandler JR, Ackley BD. The C. elegans CHP1 homolog, pbo-1, functions in innate immunity by regulating the pH of the intestinal lumen. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008134. [PMID: 31917826 PMCID: PMC6952083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans are soil-dwelling nematodes and models for understanding innate immunity and infection. Previously, we developed a novel fluorescent dye (KR35) that accumulates in the intestine of C. elegans and reports a dynamic wave in intestinal pH associated with the defecation motor program. Here, we use KR35 to show that mutations in the Ca2+-binding protein, PBO-1, abrogate the pH wave, causing the anterior intestine to be constantly acidic. Surprisingly, pbo-1 mutants were also more susceptible to infection by several bacterial pathogens. We could suppress pathogen susceptibility in pbo-1 mutants by treating the animals with pH-buffering bicarbonate, suggesting the pathogen susceptibility is a function of the acidity of the intestinal pH. Furthermore, we use KR35 to show that upon infection by pathogens, the intestinal pH becomes neutral in a wild type, but less so in pbo-1 mutants. C. elegans is known to increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, in response to pathogens, which is an important component of pathogen defense. We show that pbo-1 mutants exhibited decreased H2O2 in response to pathogens, which could also be partially restored in pbo-1 animals treated with bicarbonate. Ultimately, our results support a model whereby PBO-1 functions during infection to facilitate pH changes in the intestine that are protective to the host. Innate immunity is critical for host defense against pathogens. However, questions remain about how the host senses and responds to pathogen invasion. Using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye and a Caenorhabditis elegans pathogen infection model we show that pathogens induce changes in pH of the worm intestine. We also show that intestinal pH directly affects production of reactive oxygen species (e.g. H2O2) important for pathogen defense. Our results show that pH regulation is an important component of the innate immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Benomar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Patrick Lansdon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Bender
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Josephine R. Chandler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (BDA)
| | - Brian D. Ackley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRC); (BDA)
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Benedetto A, Bambade T, Au C, Tullet JM, Monkhouse J, Dang H, Cetnar K, Chan B, Cabreiro F, Gems D. New label-free automated survival assays reveal unexpected stress resistance patterns during C. elegans aging. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12998. [PMID: 31309734 PMCID: PMC6718543 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model for high‐throughput experimental approaches but lacks an automated means to pinpoint time of death during survival assays over a short time frame, that is, easy to implement, highly scalable, robust, and versatile. Here, we describe an automated, label‐free, high‐throughput method using death‐associated fluorescence to monitor nematode population survival (dubbed LFASS for label‐free automated survival scoring), which we apply to severe stress and infection resistance assays. We demonstrate its use to define correlations between age, longevity, and severe stress resistance, and its applicability to parasitic nematodes. The use of LFASS to assess the effects of aging on susceptibility to severe stress revealed an unexpected increase in stress resistance with advancing age, which was largely autophagy‐dependent. Correlation analysis further revealed that while severe thermal stress resistance positively correlates with lifespan, severe oxidative stress resistance does not. This supports the view that temperature‐sensitive protein‐handling processes more than redox homeostasis underpin aging in C. elegans. That the ages of peak resistance to infection, severe oxidative stress, heat shock, and milder stressors differ markedly suggests that stress resistance and health span do not show a simple correspondence in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benedetto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Timothée Bambade
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Catherine Au
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Jennifer M.A. Tullet
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- School of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Jennifer Monkhouse
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Kalina Cetnar
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Brian Chan
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London London UK
| | - David Gems
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
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Gao L, Yuan Z, Zhou T, Yang Y, Gao D, Dunham R, Liu Z. FOXO genes in channel catfish and their response after bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 97:38-44. [PMID: 30905685 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
FOXO proteins are a subgroup of the forkhead family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in lifespan regulation. In addition, FOXO proteins are also involved in immune responses. After a systematic study of FOXO genes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, seven FOXO genes were identified and characterized, including FOXO1a, FOXO1b, FOXO3a, FOXO3b, FOXO4, FOXO6a and FOXO6b. Through phylogenetic and syntenic analyses, it was found that FOXO1, FOXO3 and FOXO6 were duplicated in the catfish genome, as in the zebrafish genome. Analysis of the relative rates of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions revealed that the FOXO genes were globally strongly constrained by negative selection. Differential expression patterns were observed in the majority of FOXO genes after Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare infections. After E. ictaluri infection, four FOXO genes with orthologs in mammal species were significantly upregulated, where FOXO6b was the most dramatically upregulated. However, after F. columnare infection, the expression levels of almost all FOXO genes were not significantly affected. These results suggested that either a pathogenesis-specific pattern or tissue-specific pattern existed in catfish after these two bacterial infections. Taken together, these findings indicated that FOXO genes may play important roles in immune responses to bacterial infections in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Molecular Biology of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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Yan J, Yang Z, Zhao N, Li Z, Cao X. Gastrodin protects dopaminergic neurons via insulin-like pathway in a Parkinson's disease model. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:31. [PMID: 31208386 PMCID: PMC6580469 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become more generally accepted, including by the Food and Drug Administration. To expand the use of TCM worldwide, it is important to study the molecular mechanisms by which TCM and its active ingredients produce effects. Gastrodin is an active ingredient from Gastrodia elata Blume. It is reported that gastrodin has neuroprotective function in Parkinson's disease. But its mechanisms of neuroprotection remain not clear in PD. Here, we build two C. elegans PD model using 6-OHDA and transgenic animal to observe the changes of PD worms treated with or without gastrodin to confirm the function of gastrodin, then utilize mutant worms to investigate DAF-2/DAF-16 signaling pathway, and finally verify the mechanism of gastrodin in PD. RESULTS Gastrodin attenuates the accumulation of α-synuclein and the injury of dopaminergic neurons, improves chemotaxis behavior in Parkinson's disease models, then recovers chemotaxis behavior by insulin-like pathway. DAF-2/DAF-16 is required for neuroprotective effect of dopamine neuron in PD. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that gastrodin rescued dopaminergic neurons and reduced accumulation of α-synuclein protein, and the activity of gastrodin against Parkinson's disease depended on the insulin-like DAF-2/DAF-16 signaling pathway. Our findings revealed that this insulin-like pathway mediates neuroprotection of gastrodin in a Parkinson's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dian Mian Road, Kunming, 650101 Yunnan China
| | - Zhongshan Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500 Yunnan China
| | - Ninghui Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dian Mian Road, Kunming, 650101 Yunnan China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dian Mian Road, Kunming, 650101 Yunnan China
| | - Xia Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dian Mian Road, Kunming, 650101 Yunnan China
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Detection and virulence potential of a phospholipase D-negative Corynebacterium ulcerans from a concurrent diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis case. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1055-1065. [PMID: 30771116 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheria by Corynebacterium ulcerans is increasingly occurring in children, adolescents and adults. In addition to diphtheria toxin (DT), phospholipase D (PLD) is considered a virulence factor of C. ulcerans. In the present study, a first case of concurrent diphtheria by a PLD-negative C. ulcerans and infectious mononucleosis (IM) was verified. Clinical and microbiological profiles and binding properties to human Fibrinogen (Fbg), Fibronectin (Fn) and type I collagen (col I) biotinylated proteins and virulence to Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated for C. ulcerans strain 2590 (clinical isolate) and two control strains, including PLD-positive BR-AD22 wild type and PLD-negative ELHA-1 PLD mutant strains. MALDI-TOF assays and a multiplex PCR of genes coding for potentially toxigenic corynebacteria identified strain 2590 as non-DT producing. Interestingly, strain 2590 did not express PLD activity in the CAMP test although the presence of the pld gene was verified. PLD-negative 2590 and a PLD-positive 210932 strains showed similar affinity to Fbg, Fn and type I collagen. C. elegans were able to escape from C. ulcerans strains, independent of PLD and DT production. Higher mortality of nematodes was verified for PLD-negative strains. Additional studies concerning multifactorial virulence potential of C. ulcerans, including environmental conditions remain necessary.
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Sameer Kumar R, Shakambari G, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P. Inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and inflammation in C. elegans: Studies of potential of Lyngbya sp. against expression of stress related genes and Live cell imaging. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang J, Yang W, Xu J, Yang W, Li Q, Zhong Y, Cao Y, Yu XQ, Deng X. Regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes via insulin-like signaling pathway in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 103:12-21. [PMID: 30321587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important effector molecules of insect humoral immunity, and expression of AMPs is mainly regulated by the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways. FoxO, a key downstream regulator of the insulin-like signaling (ILS) pathway, has been recently reported to be involved in the regulation of AMPs in Drosophila melanogaster. In the present study, we investigated AMP gene expression and the regulation pathway controlled by the starvation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We discovered that antibacterial activity in the hemolymph of B. mori larvae was increased by starvation, and expression of AMP genes (BmCecB6, BmAtta1, BmLeb3 and BmDefB) as well as the ILS target genes (FoxO, InR and Brummer) were strongly activated in the fat body by starvation. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt kinase was reduced in the Bm-12 cells after starvation, suggesting that the ILS pathway was inhibited by starvation. We then showed that more FoxO protein was present in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus of Bm-12 cells under normal conditions, but more FoxO was detected in the nucleus after cells were starved for 8 h, indicating that FoxO was activated by starvation. In summary, our results indicated that starvation can activate AMP gene expression in B. mori via the ILS/FoxO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Weike Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Yangjin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Yu
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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WDR-23 and SKN-1/Nrf2 Coordinate with the BLI-3 Dual Oxidase in Response to Iodide-Triggered Oxidative Stress. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:3515-3527. [PMID: 30166349 PMCID: PMC6222583 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Animals utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate oxidative stress. The C. elegans SKN-1 protein is homologous to the vertebrate Nrf (NF-E2-related factor) family of cap 'n' collar (CnC) transcription factors and functions as a core regulator of xenobiotic and oxidative stress responses. The WD40 repeat-containing protein WDR-23 is a key negative regulator of SKN-1 activity. We previously found that the oxidative stress induced by excess iodide can be relieved by loss of function in the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex. To further understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we screened for new mutants that can survive in excess iodide and identified gain-of-function mutations in skn-1 and loss-of-function mutations in wdr-23 The SKN-1C isoform functions in the hypodermis to affect animal's response to excess iodide, while the SKN-1A isoform appears to play a minor role. wdr-23(lf) can interact with bli-3 mutations in a manner different from skn-1(gf) Transcriptome studies suggest that excess iodide causes developmental arrest largely independent of changes in gene expression, and wdr-23(lf) could affect the expression of a subset of genes by a mechanism different from SKN-1 activation. We propose that WDR-23 and SKN-1 coordinate with the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex in response to iodide-triggered oxidative stress.
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Redox Signaling of NADPH Oxidases Regulates Oxidative Stress Responses, Immunity and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100130. [PMID: 30274229 PMCID: PMC6210377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that transient or physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases act as a redox signal to re-establish homeostasis. The capacity to re-establish homeostasis progressively declines during aging but is maintained in long-lived animals to promote healthy aging. In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, ROS generated by dual oxidases (Duox) are important for extracellular matrix integrity, pathogen defense, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. The Duox enzymatic activity is tightly regulated and under cellular control. Developmental molting cycles, pathogen infections, toxins, mitochondrial-derived ROS, drugs, and small GTPases (e.g., RHO-1) can activate Duox (BLI-3) to generate ROS, whereas NADPH oxidase inhibitors and negative regulators, such as MEMO-1, can inhibit Duox from generating ROS. Three mechanisms-of-action have been discovered for the Duox/BLI-3-generated ROS: (1) enzymatic activity to catalyze crosslinking of free tyrosine ethyl ester in collagen bundles to stabilize extracellular matrices, (2) high ROS bursts/levels to kill pathogens, and (3) redox signaling activating downstream kinase cascades to transcription factors orchestrating oxidative stress and immunity responses to re-establish homeostasis. Although Duox function at the cell surface is well established, recent genetic and biochemical data also suggests a novel role for Duoxs at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to control redox signaling. Evidence underlying these mechanisms initiated by ROS from NADPH oxidases, and their relevance for human aging, are discussed in this review. Appropriately controlling NADPH oxidase activity for local and physiological redox signaling to maintain cellular homeostasis might be a therapeutic strategy to promote healthy aging.
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Lee SH, Omi S, Thakur N, Taffoni C, Belougne J, Engelmann I, Ewbank JJ, Pujol N. Modulatory upregulation of an insulin peptide gene by different pathogens in C. elegans. Virulence 2018; 9:648-658. [PMID: 29405821 PMCID: PMC5955453 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1433969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When an animal is infected, its innate immune response needs to be tightly regulated across tissues and coordinated with other aspects of organismal physiology. Previous studies with Caenorhabditis elegans have demonstrated that insulin-like peptide genes are differentially expressed in response to different pathogens. They represent prime candidates for conveying signals between tissues upon infection. Here, we focused on one such gene, ins-11 and its potential role in mediating cross-tissue regulation of innate immune genes. While diverse bacterial intestinal infections can trigger the up-regulation of ins-11 in the intestine, we show that epidermal infection with the fungus Drechmeria coniospora triggers an upregulation of ins-11 in the epidermis. Using the Shigella virulence factor OpsF, a MAP kinase inhibitor, we found that in both cases, ins-11 expression is controlled cell autonomously by p38 MAPK, but via distinct transcription factors, STA-2/STAT in the epidermis and HLH-30/TFEB in the intestine. We established that ins-11, and the insulin signaling pathway more generally, are not involved in the regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression in the epidermis. The up-regulation of ins-11 in the epidermis does, however, affect intestinal gene expression in a complex manner, and has a deleterious effect on longevity. These results support a model in which insulin signaling, via ins-11, contributes to the coordination of the organismal response to infection, influencing the allocation of resources in an infected animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hua Lee
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Shizue Omi
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Nishant Thakur
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Clara Taffoni
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Jérôme Belougne
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Jonathan J Ewbank
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
| | - Nathalie Pujol
- a CIML , Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , INSERM CNRS UMR, Marseille , France
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Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, there is a single FOXO transcription factor homolog, encoded by the gene, daf-16. As a central regulator for multiple signaling pathways, DAF-16 integrates these signals which results in modulation of several biological processes including longevity, development, fat storage, stress resistance, innate immunity, and reproduction. Using C. elegans allows for studies of FOXO in the context of the whole animal. Therefore, manipulating levels or the activity of daf-16 results in phenotypic changes. Genetic and molecular analysis revealed that similar to other systems, DAF-16 is the downstream target of the conserved insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway; a PI 3-kinase/AKT signaling cascade that ultimately controls the regulation of DAF-16 nuclear localization. In this chapter, I will focus on understanding how a single gene daf-16 can incorporate signals from multiple upstream pathways and in turn modulate different phenotypes as well as the study of FOXO in the context of a whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Tissenbaum
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
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41
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Vibert L, Daulny A, Jarriault S. Wound healing, cellular regeneration and plasticity: the elegans way. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 62:491-505. [PMID: 29938761 PMCID: PMC6161810 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.180123sj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration and wound healing are complex processes that allow organs and tissues to regain their integrity and functionality after injury. Wound healing, a key property of epithelia, involves tissue closure that in some cases leads to scar formation. Regeneration, a process rather limited in mammals, is the capacity to regrow (parts of) an organ or a tissue, after damage or amputation. What are the properties of organs and the features of tissue permitting functional regrowth and repair? What are the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes? These questions are crucial both in fundamental and applied contexts, with important medical implications. The mechanisms and cells underlying tissue repair have thus been the focus of intense investigation. The last decades have seen rapid progress in the domain and new models emerging. Here, we review the fundamental advances and the perspectives that the use of C. elegans as a model have brought to the mechanisms of wound healing and cellular plasticity, axon regeneration and transdifferentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vibert
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Daulny
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Jarriault
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Nag P, Aggarwal PR, Ghosh S, Narula K, Tayal R, Maheshwari N, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Interplay of neuronal and non-neuronal genes regulates intestinal DAF-16-mediated immune response during Fusarium infection of Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17073. [PMID: 29152379 PMCID: PMC5684781 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although precisely controlled innate immune response is governed by conserved cellular events in phylogenetically diverse hosts, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which this process is regulated against a multi-host pathogen remain unknown. Fusarium oxysporum is a model multi-host pathogen, known to be associated with neuronal stress in humans and vascular wilt in plants. The interaction between innate immune and neuronal pathways is the basis of many diverse biological responses. How these processes are coordinated in response to fungal disease is not well understood. Here, we show that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causes neuronal stress and intestinal disintegration, ultimately leading to the death of Caenorhabditis elegans. To explore the regulatory framework of Fusarium-associated disease, we analysed the gene expression during infection, integrated temporal gene expression, and network analysis with genetic inactivation data in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified 1024 genes showing significant changes in expression (corrected P-values <0.05) in response to Fusarium infection. Co-expression network analysis of our data identified prognostic genes related to disease progression. These genes were dynamically expressed in various neuronal and non-neuronal tissues exhibiting diverse biological functions, including cellular homeostasis, organ patterning, stress response, and lipid metabolism. The RNA-seq analysis further identified shared and unique signalling pathways regulated by DAF-16/FOXO and SIR-2.1 linking neuronal stress, which facilitates negative regulation of intestinal innate immunity. Genetic analysis revealed that GCY-5 in ASE functions upstream of DAF-16, whereas ASI-specific SRD-1 regulates behavioural immunity. Overall, our results indicate that a ubiquitous response occurs during Fusarium infection mediated by highly conserved regulatory components and pathways, which can be exploited further for the identification of disease-responsive genes conserved among animals and plants. Finally, this study provided a novel insight into cross-species immune signalling and may facilitate the discovery of cellular therapeutic targets for Fusarium-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Nag
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Rani Aggarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajul Tayal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Maheshwari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research,
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Shanmugam G, Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Nivitha S, Murugesh E, Shanmughavel P, Sundararaj P. Diosgenin a phytosterol substitute for cholesterol, prolongs the lifespan and mitigates glucose toxicity via DAF-16/FOXO and GST-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1693-1703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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44
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Abergel R, Livshits L, Shaked M, Chatterjee AK, Gross E. Synergism between soluble guanylate cyclase signaling and neuropeptides extends lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2017; 16:401-413. [PMID: 28054425 PMCID: PMC5334569 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is important for all aerobic animals. However, the manner by which O2 sensing and homeostasis contribute to lifespan regulation is poorly understood. Here, we use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to address this question. We demonstrate that a loss‐of‐function mutation in the neuropeptide receptor gene npr‐1 and a deletion mutation in the atypical soluble guanylate cyclase gcy‐35 O2 sensor interact synergistically to extend worm lifespan. The function of npr‐1 and gcy‐35 in the O2‐sensing neurons AQR, PQR, and URX shortens the lifespan of the worm. By contrast, the activity of the atypical soluble guanylate cyclase O2 sensor gcy‐33 in these neurons is crucial for lifespan extension. In addition to AQR, PQR, and URX, we show that the O2‐sensing neuron BAG and the interneuron RIA are also important for the lifespan lengthening. Neuropeptide processing by the proprotein convertase EGL‐3 is essential for lifespan extension, suggesting that the synergistic effect of joint loss of function of gcy‐35 and npr‐1 is mediated through neuropeptide signal transduction. The extended lifespan is regulated by hypoxia and insulin signaling pathways, mediated by the transcription factors HIF‐1 and DAF‐16. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to play an important function in lifespan lengthening. As HIF‐1 and DAF‐16 activities are modulated by ROS, we speculate that joint loss of function of gcy‐35 and npr‐1 extends lifespan through ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abergel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; IMRIC; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; IMRIC; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
| | - Maayan Shaked
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; IMRIC; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
| | - Arijit Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; IMRIC; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
| | - Einav Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; IMRIC; Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ein Kerem. P.O. Box 12271 Jerusalem 9112102 Israel
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45
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Gillet FX, Bournaud C, Antonino de Souza Júnior JD, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Plant-parasitic nematodes: towards understanding molecular players in stress responses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:775-789. [PMID: 28087659 PMCID: PMC5378187 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-parasitic nematode interactions occur within a vast molecular plant immunity network. Following initial contact with the host plant roots, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) activate basal immune responses. Defence priming involves the release in the apoplast of toxic molecules derived from reactive species or secondary metabolism. In turn, PPNs must overcome the poisonous and stressful environment at the plant-nematode interface. The ability of PPNs to escape this first line of plant immunity is crucial and will determine its virulence. SCOPE Nematodes trigger crucial regulatory cytoprotective mechanisms, including antioxidant and detoxification pathways. Knowledge of the upstream regulatory components that contribute to both of these pathways in PPNs remains elusive. In this review, we discuss how PPNs probably orchestrate cytoprotection to resist plant immune responses, postulating that it may be derived from ancient molecular mechanisms. The review focuses on two transcription factors, DAF-16 and SKN-1 , which are conserved in the animal kingdom and are central regulators of cell homeostasis and immune function. Both regulate the unfolding protein response and the antioxidant and detoxification pathways. DAF-16 and SKN-1 target a broad spectrum of Caenorhabditis elegans genes coding for numerous protein families present in the secretome of PPNs. Moreover, some regulatory elements of DAF-16 and SKN-1 from C. elegans have already been identified as important genes for PPN infection. CONCLUSION DAF-16 and SKN-1 genes may play a pivotal role in PPNs during parasitism. In the context of their hub status and mode of regulation, we suggest alternative strategies for control of PPNs through RNAi approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Gillet
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, CEP 70·770-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Caroline Bournaud
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, CEP 70·770-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final Av. W/5 Norte, CEP 70·770-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Tao J, Wu QY, Ma YC, Chen YL, Zou CG. Antioxidant response is a protective mechanism against nutrient deprivation in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43547. [PMID: 28230214 PMCID: PMC5322524 DOI: 10.1038/srep43547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals often experience periods of nutrient deprivation; however, the molecular mechanisms by which animals survive starvation remain largely unknown. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the nuclear receptor DAF-12 acts as a dietary and environmental sensor to orchestrate diverse aspects of development, metabolism, and reproduction. Recently, we have reported that DAF-12 together with co-repressor DIN-1S is required for starvation tolerance by promoting fat mobilization. In this report, we found that genetic inactivation of the DAF-12 signaling promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during starvation. ROS mediated systemic necrosis, thereby inducing organismal death. The DAF-12/DIN-1S complex up-regulated the expression of antioxidant genes during starvation. The antioxidant enzyme GST-4 in turn suppressed ROS formation, thereby conferring worm survival. Our findings highlight the importance of antioxidant response in starvation tolerance and provide a novel insight into multiple organisms survive and adapt to periods of nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Qin-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Yuan-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
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Miranda-Vizuete A, Veal EA. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for understanding ROS function in physiology and disease. Redox Biol 2016; 11:708-714. [PMID: 28193593 PMCID: PMC5304259 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS (reactive oxygen species) are potentially damaging by-products of aerobic metabolism which, unchecked, can have detrimental effects on cell function. However, it is now widely accepted that, at physiological levels, certain ROS play important roles in cell signaling, acting as second messengers to regulate cell choices that contribute to the development, adaptation and survival of plants and animals. Despite important recent advances in the biochemical tools available to study redox-signaling, the molecular mechanisms underlying most of these responses remain poorly understood, particularly in multicellular organisms. As we will review here, C. elegans has emerged as a powerful animal model to elucidate these and other aspects of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth A Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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49
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Liu HY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. What has passed is prolog: new cellular and physiological roles of G6PD. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1047-1064. [PMID: 27684214 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1223296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
G6PD deficiency has been the most pervasive inherited disorder in the world since having been discovered. G6PD has an antioxidant role by functioning as a major nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) provider to reduce excessive oxidative stress. NADPH can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. Hence, G6PD also has a pro-oxidant role. Research in the past has focused on the enhanced susceptibility of G6PD-deficient cells or individuals to oxidative challenge. The cytoregulatory role of G6PD has largely been overlooked. By using a metabolomic approach, it is noted that upon oxidant challenge, G6PD-deficient cells will reprogram the GSH metabolism from regeneration to synthesis with exhaustive energy consumption. Recently, new cellular/physiologic roles of G6PD have been discovered. By using a proteomic approach, it has been found that G6PD plays a regulatory role in xenobiotic metabolism possibly via NOX and the redox-sensitive Nrf2-signaling pathway to modulate the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Since G6PD is a key regulator responsible for intracellular redox homeostasis, G6PD deficiency can alter redox balance leading to many abnormal cellular effects such as the cellular inflammatory and immune response against viral infection. G6PD may play an important role in embryogenesis as G6PD-knockdown mouse cannot produce offspring and G6PD-deficient C. elegans with defective egg production and hatching. This array of findings indicates that the cellular and physiologic roles of G6PD, other than the classical role as an antioxidant enzyme, deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Linkou , Taiwan
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50
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Kumar S, Gu X, Kim Y. A viral histone H4 suppresses insect insulin signal and delays host development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 63:66-77. [PMID: 27216029 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, alters host development of Plutella xylostella by extending larval period and preventing metamorphosis. Insulin signal plays a crucial role in mediating insect development and controlling blood sugar level in insects. In this study, three insulin-like peptide genes (PxILP1-3) were predicted from the genome of P. xylostella. However, only PxILP1 was confirmed to be expressed in P. xylostella. Starvation suppressed the expression level of PxILP1 and up-regulated plasma trehalose level. RNA interference against PxILP1 mimicked starvation effect and extended the larval period of P. xylostella. Parasitized larvae exhibited significantly lower levels of PxILP1 expression compared to nonparasitized larvae. Injection of wasp-symbiotic polydnavirus C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) also suppressed PxILP1 expression and extended the larval period. Injection of a viral segment (CpBV-S30) containing a viral histone H4 (CpBV-H4) also suppressed PxILP1 expression. Co-injection of CpBV-S30 and double-stranded RNA (dsCpBV-H4) specific to CpBV-H4 rescued the suppression of PxILP1 expression. Injection of CpBV-S30 significantly extended larval development. Co-injection of CpBV-S30 with dsCpBV-H4 rescued the delay of larval development. Injection of a bovine insulin to parasitized larvae prevented parasitoid development. These results indicate that parasitism of C. plutellae can down-regulate host insulin signaling with the help of parasitic factor CpBV-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea.
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