1
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Prall TM, Karl JA, Varghese JM, Baker DA, Minor NR, Raveendran M, Harris RA, Rogers J, Wiseman RW, O’Connor DH. Complete Genomic Assembly of Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaque Killer Ig-like Receptor and Natural Killer Group 2 Haplotypes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1754-1765. [PMID: 38639635 PMCID: PMC11102026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) serve as a powerful nonhuman primate model in biomedical research due to their unique genetic homogeneity, which simplifies experimental designs. Despite their extensive use, a comprehensive understanding of crucial immune-regulating gene families, particularly killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) and NK group 2 (NKG2), has been hindered by the lack of detailed genomic reference assemblies. In this study, we employ advanced long-read sequencing techniques to completely assemble eight KIR and seven NKG2 genomic haplotypes, providing an extensive insight into the structural and allelic diversity of these immunoregulatory gene clusters. Leveraging these genomic resources, we prototype a strategy for genotyping KIR and NKG2 using short-read, whole-exome capture data, illustrating the potential for cost-effective multilocus genotyping at colony scale. These results mark a significant enhancement for biomedical research in MCMs and underscore the feasibility of broad-scale genetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M. Prall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Julie A. Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Joshua M. Varghese
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David A. Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Nicholas R. Minor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Muthuswamy Raveendran
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - R. Alan Harris
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffery Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
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2
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Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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3
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Orta-Resendiz A, Petitdemange C, Schmutz S, Jacquelin B, Novault S, Huot N, Müller-Trutwin M. Deep phenotyping characterization of human unconventional CD8 +NKG2A/C + T cells among T and NK cells by spectral flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102734. [PMID: 38032799 PMCID: PMC10711235 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for setting three spectral flow cytometry panels for the characterization of human unconventional CD8+NKG2A/C+ T cells as well as other T and natural killer cell subsets. We describe steps for standardizing, preparing, and staining the cells, the experimental setup, and the final data analysis. This protocol should be advantageous in various settings including immunophenotyping of limited samples, immune function evaluation/monitoring, as well as research in oncology, autoimmune, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Schmutz
- Cytometry and Biomarkers, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Béatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Novault
- Cytometry and Biomarkers, Center for Technological Resources and Research, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Huot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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4
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Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Ma ZM, Ott S, Rajasundaram D, Hawes CE, Lakshmanappa YS, Cottrell ML, Kashuba ADM, Ambrose Z, Lifson JD, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Deep analysis of CD4 T cells in the rhesus CNS during SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011844. [PMID: 38060615 PMCID: PMC10729971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS)-known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited. To address these gaps, we studied ten SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques using an ART regimen simulating suboptimal adherence. We evaluated four macaques during the acute phase pre-ART and six during the chronic phase. Our data revealed that HIV target CCR5+ CD4 T cells inhabit both the brain parenchyma and adjacent CNS tissues, encompassing choroid plexus stroma, dura mater, and the skull bone marrow. Aligning with the known susceptibility of CCR5+ CD4 T cells to viral infection and their presence within the CNS, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the brain parenchyma and its border tissues during acute SIV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from the brain revealed colocalization of viral transcripts within CD4 clusters and significant activation of antiviral molecules and specific effector programs within T cells, indicating CNS CD4 T cell engagement during infection. Acute infection led to marked imbalance in the CNS CD4/CD8 ratio which persisted into the chronic phase. These observations underscore the functional involvement of CD4 T cells within the CNS during SIV infection, enhancing our understanding of their role in establishing CNS viral presence. Our findings offer insights for potential T cell-focused interventions while underscoring the challenges in eradicating HIV from the CNS, particularly in the context of sub-optimal ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny R. Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chase E. Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Mackenzie L. Cottrell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela D. M. Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
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5
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Huot N, Planchais C, Rosenbaum P, Contreras V, Jacquelin B, Petitdemange C, Lazzerini M, Beaumont E, Orta-Resendiz A, Rey FA, Reeves RK, Le Grand R, Mouquet H, Müller-Trutwin M. SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2068-2079. [PMID: 37919524 PMCID: PMC10681903 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA generally becomes undetectable in upper airways after a few days or weeks postinfection. Here we used a model of viral infection in macaques to address whether SARS-CoV-2 persists in the body and which mechanisms regulate its persistence. Replication-competent virus was detected in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages beyond 6 months postinfection. Viral propagation in BAL macrophages occurred from cell to cell and was inhibited by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ production was strongest in BAL NKG2r+CD8+ T cells and NKG2Alo natural killer (NK) cells and was further increased in NKG2Alo NK cells after spike protein stimulation. However, IFN-γ production was impaired in NK cells from macaques with persisting virus. Moreover, IFN-γ also enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E on BAL macrophages, possibly inhibiting NK cell-mediated killing. Macaques with less persisting virus mounted adaptive NK cells that escaped the MHC-E-dependent inhibition. Our findings reveal an interplay between NK cells and macrophages that regulated SARS-CoV-2 persistence in macrophages and was mediated by IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Huot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France.
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Immunologie des Maladies Virales, Auto-Immunes, Hématologiques et Bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Beatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lazzerini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Emma Beaumont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Duke Research and Discovery at RTP, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Immunologie des Maladies Virales, Auto-Immunes, Hématologiques et Bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
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6
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Aquino Y, Bisiaux A, Li Z, O'Neill M, Mendoza-Revilla J, Merkling SH, Kerner G, Hasan M, Libri V, Bondet V, Smith N, de Cevins C, Ménager M, Luca F, Pique-Regi R, Barba-Spaeth G, Pietropaoli S, Schwartz O, Leroux-Roels G, Lee CK, Leung K, Wu JT, Peiris M, Bruzzone R, Abel L, Casanova JL, Valkenburg SA, Duffy D, Patin E, Rotival M, Quintana-Murci L. Dissecting human population variation in single-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2023; 621:120-128. [PMID: 37558883 PMCID: PMC10482701 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans display substantial interindividual clinical variability after SARS-CoV-2 infection1-3, the genetic and immunological basis of which has begun to be deciphered4. However, the extent and drivers of population differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Here we report single-cell RNA-sequencing data for peripheral blood mononuclear cells-from 222 healthy donors of diverse ancestries-that were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus. We show that SARS-CoV-2 induces weaker, but more heterogeneous, interferon-stimulated gene activity compared with influenza A virus, and a unique pro-inflammatory signature in myeloid cells. Transcriptional responses to viruses display marked population differences, primarily driven by changes in cell abundance including increased lymphoid differentiation associated with latent cytomegalovirus infection. Expression quantitative trait loci and mediation analyses reveal a broad effect of cell composition on population disparities in immune responses, with genetic variants exerting a strong effect on specific loci. Furthermore, we show that natural selection has increased population differences in immune responses, particularly for variants associated with SARS-CoV-2 response in East Asians, and document the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Neanderthal introgression has altered immune functions, such as the response of myeloid cells to viruses. Finally, colocalization and transcriptome-wide association analyses reveal an overlap between the genetic basis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity, providing insights into the factors contributing to current disparities in COVID-19 risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aquino
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Bisiaux
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Zhi Li
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Mary O'Neill
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Javier Mendoza-Revilla
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Milena Hasan
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Libri
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Camille de Cevins
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Structural Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Cheuk-Kwong Lee
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathy Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph T Wu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laurent Abel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France.
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France.
- Chair Human Genomics and Evolution, Collège de France, Paris, France.
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7
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Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Ma ZM, Ott S, Rajasundaram D, Cottrell ML, Kashuba ADM, Ambrose Z, Lifson JD, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. CD4 T cell Responses in the CNS during SIV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554055. [PMID: 37662237 PMCID: PMC10473718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) - known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited. To address these gaps, we studied ten SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques using an ART regimen simulating suboptimal adherence. We evaluated four macaques during the acute phase pre-ART and six during the chronic phase. Our data revealed that HIV target CCR5+ CD4 T cells inhabit both the brain parenchyma and adjacent CNS tissues, encompassing choroid plexus stroma, dura mater, and the skull bone marrow. Aligning with the known susceptibility of CCR5+ CD4 T cells to viral infection and their presence within the CNS, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the brain parenchyma and its border tissues during acute SIV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from the brain revealed colocalization of viral transcripts within CD4 clusters and significant activation of antiviral molecules and specific effector programs within T cells, indicating CNS CD4 T cell engagement during infection. Despite viral suppression with ART, acute infection led to significant depletion of CNS CD4 T cells, persisting into the chronic phase. These findings underscore the functional involvement of CD4 T cells within the CNS during SIV infection, enhancing our understanding of their role in establishing CNS viral presence. Our results offer insights for potential T cell-focused interventions while also underscoring the challenges in eradicating HIV from the CNS, even with effective ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Angela D M Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, CA,USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA,USA
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8
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Maseko TG, Rambaran S, Ngubane S, Lewis L, Ngcapu S, Hassan-Moosa R, Archary D, Perumal R, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K, Sivro A. NK cell phenotypic profile during active TB in people living with HIV-evolution during TB treatment and implications for bacterial clearance and disease severity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11726. [PMID: 37474556 PMCID: PMC10359304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, key effector cells of the innate immune system, play an important role in the clearance and control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV infections. Here, we utilized peripheral blood specimens from the Improving Retreatment Success CAPRISA 011 study to characterize NK cell phenotypes during active TB in individuals with or without HIV co-infection. We further assessed the effects of TB treatment on NK cell phenotype, and characterized the effects of NK cell phenotypes during active TB on mycobacterial clearance and TB disease severity measured by the presence of lung cavitation. TB/HIV co-infection led to the expansion of functionally impaired CD56neg NK cell subset. TB treatment completion resulted in restoration of total NK cells, NK cell subset redistribution and downregulation of several NK cell activating and inhibitory receptors. Higher percentage of peripheral CD56bright cells was associated with longer time to culture conversion, while higher expression of NKp46 on CD56dim NK cells was associated with lower odds of lung cavitation in the overall cohort and the TB/HIV co-infected participants. Together these results provide a detailed description of peripheral NK cells in TB and TB/HIV co-infection and yield insights into their role in TB disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Glory Maseko
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Santhuri Rambaran
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Slindile Ngubane
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Lara Lewis
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sinaye Ngcapu
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Razia Hassan-Moosa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rubeshan Perumal
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)-CAPRISA-TB-HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa.
- JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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9
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Kristensen AB, Wragg KM, Vanderven HA, Lee WS, Silvers J, Kent HE, Grant MD, Kelleher AD, Juno JA, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:163-174. [PMID: 36053502 PMCID: PMC9750827 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-viral effector cells. The function and phenotype of the NK cells that constitute an individual's NK cell repertoire can be influenced by ongoing or previous viral infections. Indeed, infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) drives the expansion of a highly differentiated NK cell population characterized by expression of CD57 and the activating NKG2C receptor. This NK cell population has also been noted to occur in HIV-1-infected individuals. We evaluated the NK cells of HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected individuals to determine the relative frequency of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells and characterize these cells for their receptor expression and responsiveness to diverse stimuli. Highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells occurred at higher frequencies in HCMV-infected donors relative to HCMV-uninfected donors and were dramatically expanded in HIV-1/HCMV co-infected donors. The expanded CD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population in HIV-1-infected donors remained stable following antiretroviral therapy. CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells derived from HIV-1-infected individuals were robustly activated by antibody-dependent stimuli that contained anti-HIV-1 antibodies or therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody, and these NK cells mediated cytolysis through NKG2C. Lastly, CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells from HIV-1-infected donors were characterized by reduced expression of the inhibitory NKG2A receptor. The abundance of highly functional CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals raises the possibility that these NK cells could play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis or serve as effector cells for therapeutic/cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Kristensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hillary A Vanderven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Silvers
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Kent
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew S Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Hasan MZ, Höltermann C, Petersen B, Schrod A, Mätz-Rensing K, Kaul A, Salinas G, Dressel R, Walter L. Detailed phenotypic and functional characterization of CMV-associated adaptive NK cells in rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028788. [PMID: 36518759 PMCID: PMC9742600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research on adaptive NK cells in rhesus macaques suffered from the lack of specific antibodies to differentiate between inhibitory CD94/NKG2A and stimulatory CD94/NKG2C heterodimeric receptors. Recently we reported an expansion of NKG2C receptor-encoding genes in rhesus macaques, but their expression and functional role on primary NK cells remained unknown due to this deficit. Thus, we established monoclonal antibodies 4A8 and 7B1 which show identical specificities and bind to both NKG2C-1 and NKG2C-2 but neither react with NKG2C-3 nor NKG2A on transfected cells. Using a combination of 4A8 and Z199 antibodies in multicolor flow cytometry we detected broad expression (4-73%) of NKG2C-1 and/or NKG2C-2 (NKG2C-1/2) on primary NK cells in rhesus macaques from our breeding colony. Stratifying our data to CMV-positive and CMV-negative animals, we noticed a higher proportion (23-73%) of primary NK cells expressing NKG2C-1/2 in CMV+ as compared to CMV- macaques (4-5%). These NKG2C-1/2-positive NK cells in CMV+ macaques are characterized by lower expression of IL12RB2, ZBTB16, SH2D1B, but not FCER1G, as well as high expression of IFNG, indicating that antibody 4A8 detects CMV-associated adaptive NK cells. Single cell RNA seq data of 4A8-positive NK cells from a rhCMV-positive macaque demonstrated that a high proportion of these adaptive NK cells transcribe in addition to NKG2C-1 and NKG2C-2 also NKG2C-3, but interestingly NKG2A as well. Remarkably, in comparison to NKG2A, NKG2C-1 and in particular NKG2C-2 bind Mamu-E with higher avidity. Primary NK cells exposed to Mamu-E-expressing target cells displayed strong degranulation as well as IFN-gamma expression of 4A8+ adaptive NK cells from rhCMV+ animals. Thus, despite co-expression of inhibitory and stimulatory CD94/NKG2 receptors the higher number of different stimulatory NKG2C receptors and their higher binding avidity to Mamu-E outreach inhibitory signaling via NKG2A. These data demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of the CMV-driven development of NKG2C-positive adaptive NK cells with particular molecular signatures in primates and with changes in gene copy numbers and ligand-binding strength of NKG2C isotypes. Thus, rhesus macaques represent a suitable and valuable nonhuman primate animal model to study the CMV-NKG2C liaison in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahidul Hasan
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany,PhD program Molecular Biology of Cells, GGNB, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Höltermann
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany,PhD program Molecular Biology of Cells, GGNB, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Beatrix Petersen
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Schrod
- Animal Husbandry, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kaul
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS Core Unit for Integrative Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany,*Correspondence: Lutz Walter,
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11
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Ferguson N, Cogswell A, Barker E. Contribution of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Supplementing Cytokines Produced by CD4 + T Cells During Acute and Chronic SIV Infection of the Colon. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:709-725. [PMID: 35459417 PMCID: PMC9514600 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV/SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) infection leads to a loss of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in number and function that begins during the acute phase and persists through the chronic phase of infection. In particular, there is a drastic decrease of Th17 and Th22 cells in the HIV/SIV-infected gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a source of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. These cytokines are vital in the immune response to extracellular pathogens and maintenance of the GI tract. However, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a source of IL-17 and IL-22 during the early stages of an immune response in mucosal tissue and remain vital cytokine producers when the immune response is persistent. Here, we wanted to determine whether ILCs are a source of IL-17 and IL-22 in the SIV-infected colon and could compensate for the loss of Th17 and Th22 cells. As a control, we evaluated the frequency and number of ILCs expressing interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). We determined the frequency and number of cytokine expressing ILC subsets and T cell subsets within leukocytes from the colons of uninfected as well as acute and chronic SIV-infected colons without in vitro mitogenic stimulation. In the present study, we find that: (1) the frequency of IL-22, IFNγ, and TNFα but not IL-17 producing ILCs is increased in the acutely infected colon and remains high during the chronically infected colon relative to cytokine expressing ILCs in the uninfected colon, (2) ILCs are a significant source of IL-22, IFNγ, and TNFα but not IL-17 when CD4+ T lymphocytes in the gut lose their capacity to secrete these cytokines during SIV infection, and (3) the changes in the cytokines expressed by ILCs relative to CD4+ T cells in the infected colon were not due to increases in the frequency or number of ILCs in relation to T lymphocytes found in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ferguson
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Cogswell
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200065119. [PMID: 35286211 PMCID: PMC8944267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200065119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concern has increased about the pandemic potential of Nipah virus (NiV). Similar to SARS-CoV-2, NiV is an RNA virus that is transmitted by respiratory droplets. There are currently no NiV vaccines licensed for human use. While several preventive vaccines have shown promise in protecting animals against lethal NiV disease, most studies have assessed protection 1 mo after vaccination. However, in order to contain and control outbreaks, vaccines that can rapidly confer protection in days rather than months are needed. Here, we show that a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expressing the NiV glycoprotein can completely protect monkeys vaccinated 7 d prior to NiV exposure and 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiV challenge. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging highly lethal zoonotic disease that, like SARS-CoV-2, can be transmitted via respiratory droplets. Single-injection vaccines that rapidly control NiV outbreaks are needed. To assess the ability of a vaccine to induce fast-acting protection, we immunized African green monkeys with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the Bangladesh strain glycoprotein (NiVBG) of NiV (rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG). Monkeys were challenged 3 or 7 d later with a lethal dose of NiVB. All monkeys vaccinated with rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG 7 d prior to NiVB exposure were protected from lethal disease, while 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiVB challenge survived. Vaccine protection correlated with natural killer cell and cytotoxic T cell transcriptional signatures, whereas lethality was linked to sustained interferon signaling. NiV G-specific antibodies in vaccinated survivors corroborated additional transcriptomic findings, supporting activation of humoral immunity. This study demonstrates that rVSV-based vaccines may have utility in rapidly protecting humans against NiV infection.
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13
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Olwenyi OA, Johnson SD, Pandey K, Thurman M, Acharya A, Buch SJ, Fox HS, Podany AT, Fletcher CV, Byrareddy SN. Diminished Peripheral CD29hi Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Associated With Deleterious Effects During SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734871. [PMID: 34721397 PMCID: PMC8548621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) limit HIV pathogenesis, as evidenced in elite controllers (a subset of individuals who suppress the virus without the need for therapy). CD4+ CTLs have also been shown to kill HIV-infected macrophages. However, little is known about their contribution towards HIV persistence, how they are affected following exposure to immune modulators like morphine, and what factors maintain their frequencies and function. Further, the lack of robust markers to identify CD4+ CTLs in various animal models limits understanding of their role in HIV pathogenesis. We utilized various PBMC samples obtained from SIV infected and cART treated rhesus macaques exposed to morphine or saline and subjected to flow cytometry evaluations. Thereafter, we compared and correlated the expression of CD4+ CTL-specific markers to viral load and viral reservoir estimations in total CD4+ T cells. We found that CD29 could be reliably used as a marker to identify CD4+ CTLs in rhesus macaques since CD29hi CD4+ T cells secrete higher cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokines following PMA/ionomycin or gag stimulation. In addition, this immune cell subset was depleted during untreated SIV infection. Strikingly, we also observed that early initiation of cART reconstitutes depleted CD29hi CD4+ T cells and restores their function. Furthermore, we noted that morphine exposure reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/cytotoxic molecules in CD29hi CD4+ T cells. Lastly, increased functionality of CD29hi CD4+ T cells as depicted by elevated levels of either IL-21 or granzyme B hi T Bet+ gag specific responses were linked to limiting the size of the replication-competent reservoir during cART treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that CD4+ CTLs are crucial in limiting SIV pathogenesis and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omalla A. Olwenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shilpa J. Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anthony T. Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Courtney V. Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Méndez-Lagares G, Chin N, Chang WLW, Lee J, Rosás-Umbert M, Kieu HT, Merriam D, Lu W, Kim S, Adamson L, Brander C, Luciw PA, Barry PA, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ. Cytomegalovirus mediates expansion of IL-15-responsive innate-memory cells with SIV killing function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148542. [PMID: 34153005 DOI: 10.1172/jci148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual immune variability is driven predominantly by environmental factors, including exposure to chronic infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the effects of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) on composition and function of the immune system in young macaques. Within months of infection, RhCMV was associated with impressive changes in antigen presenting cells, T cells, and NK cells-and marked expansion of innate-memory CD8+ T cells. These cells express high levels of NKG2A/C and the IL-2 and IL-15 receptor beta chain, CD122. IL-15 was sufficient to drive differentiation of the cells in vitro and in vivo. Expanded NKG2A/C+CD122+CD8+ T cells in RhCMV-infected macaques, but not their NKG2-negative counterparts, were endowed with cytotoxicity against class I-deficient K562 targets and prompt IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18. Because RhCMV clone 68-1 forms the viral backbone of RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines, we also investigated immune changes following administration of RhCMV 68-1-vectored SIV vaccines. These vaccines led to impressive expansion of NKG2A/C+CD8+ T cells with capacity to inhibit SIV replication ex vivo. Thus, CMV infection and CMV-vectored vaccination drive expansion of functional innate-like CD8 cells via host IL-15 production, suggesting that innate-memory expansion could be achieved by other vaccine platforms expressing IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Méndez-Lagares
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Ning Chin
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - W L William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Graduate Group in Immunology, and.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Hung T Kieu
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - David Merriam
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Wenze Lu
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lourdes Adamson
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa - AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul A Luciw
- California National Primate Research Center.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter A Barry
- California National Primate Research Center.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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15
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Tomescu C, Kroll K, Colon K, Papasavvas E, Frank I, Tebas P, Mounzer K, Reeves RK, Montaner LJ. Identification of the predominant human NK cell effector subset mediating ADCC against HIV-infected targets coated with BNAbs or plasma from PLWH. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2051-2061. [PMID: 34086344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential of immunotherapy strategies utilizing broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs), such as 3BNC117 and 10-1074, to limit viral replication while also facilitating clearance of HIV infected cells has heightened interest in identifying the predominant NK effector subset(s) capable of mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Utilizing advanced polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified that CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed in People Living With HIV (PLWH) expressed significantly higher levels of the CD16 FcγR receptor, 2B4 ADCC coreceptor, and HLA-DR activation marker while NKG2C positive NK cells expressed significantly higher levels of the CD2 ADCC coreceptor (p < 0.001, n = 32). Functionally, CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed PLWH with either high or low NKG2C expansion exhibited significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production against heterologous gp120-coated ADCC targets coated with HIV reference plasma compared to CD57 negative NK cells (p = 0.0029, n = 11). CD57 positive NK cells from control donors lacking NKG2C expansion also exhibited significantly more degranulation and IFN-γ production at every timepoint tested against both heterologous ADCC targets (p = 0.019, n = 9) and HIV-1 infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells coated with BNAbs. Together, our data support CD57 positive and NKG2C positive NK cells as the predominant ADCC effector subsets capable of targeting HIV-infected CD4+ cells in the presence of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costin Tomescu
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krystal Colon
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Rossi A, Pacella I, Piconese S. RNA Flow Cytometry for the Study of T Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083906. [PMID: 33918901 PMCID: PMC8069477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo activation and differentiation programs along a continuum of states that can be tracked through flow cytometry using a combination of surface and intracellular markers. Such dynamic behavior is the result of transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, initiated and sustained by the activation of specific transcription factors and by epigenetic remodeling. These signaling pathways are tightly integrated with metabolic routes in a bidirectional manner: on the one hand, T cell receptors and costimulatory molecules activate metabolic reprogramming; on the other hand, metabolites modify T cell transcriptional programs and functions. Flow cytometry represents an invaluable tool to analyze the integration of phenotypical, functional, metabolic and transcriptional features, at the single cell level in heterogeneous T cell populations, and from complex microenvironments, with potential clinical application in monitoring the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the most recent advances in flow cytometry-based analysis of gene expression, in combination with indicators of mitochondrial activity, with the aim of revealing and characterizing major metabolic pathways in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilenia Pacella
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.R.); (I.P.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Huot N, Rascle P, Petitdemange C, Contreras V, Stürzel CM, Baquero E, Harper JL, Passaes C, Legendre R, Varet H, Madec Y, Sauermann U, Stahl-Hennig C, Nattermann J, Saez-Cirion A, Le Grand R, Keith Reeves R, Paiardini M, Kirchhoff F, Jacquelin B, Müller-Trutwin M. SIV-induced terminally differentiated adaptive NK cells in lymph nodes associated with enhanced MHC-E restricted activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1282. [PMID: 33627642 PMCID: PMC7904927 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical understudied role during HIV infection in tissues. In a natural host of SIV, the African green monkey (AGM), NK cells mediate a strong control of SIVagm infection in secondary lymphoid tissues. We demonstrate that SIVagm infection induces the expansion of terminally differentiated NKG2alow NK cells in secondary lymphoid organs displaying an adaptive transcriptional profile and increased MHC-E-restricted cytotoxicity in response to SIV Env peptides while expressing little IFN-γ. Such NK cell differentiation was lacking in SIVmac-infected macaques. Adaptive NK cells displayed no increased NKG2C expression. This study reveals a previously unknown profile of NK cell adaptation to a viral infection, thus accelerating strategies toward NK-cell directed therapies and viral control in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Huot
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rascle
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-Inserm, U1184, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Eduard Baquero
- grid.462718.eInstitut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Justin L. Harper
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Caroline Passaes
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535 Institut Pasteur; Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases Unit, Paris, France
| | - Ulrike Sauermann
- grid.418215.b0000 0000 8502 7018Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stahl-Hennig
- grid.418215.b0000 0000 8502 7018Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- grid.452463.2Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Asier Saez-Cirion
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA-Université Paris Sud-Inserm, U1184, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Beatrice Jacquelin
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
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Sugawara S, Manickam C, Reeves K. TRIGGERED: could refocused cell signaling be key to natural killer cell-based HIV immunotherapeutics? AIDS 2021; 35:165-176. [PMID: 33116071 PMCID: PMC7775286 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the critical innate immune effector cells that directly kill tumors and virus-infected cells, and modulate other immune cells including dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Signals from activating and inhibitory surface receptors orchestrate the regulatory and cytotoxic functions of NK cells. Although a number of surface receptors are involved, multiple signaling molecules are shared so that NK cell responses are synergistically regulated. Many pathogens and tumors evade NK cell responses by targeting NK cell signaling. Particularly in HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, the NK cell repertoire is diminished by changes in subsets of NK cells, expression of activating and inhibitory receptors, and intracellular signaling molecules. However, in-depth studies on intracellular signaling in NK cells in HIV/SIV infections remain limited. Checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells have demonstrated enhanced NK cell activities against tumors and viral infections. In addition, targeting intracellular signaling molecules by small molecules could also improve NK cell responses towards HIV/SIV infection in vivo. Therefore, further understanding of NK cell signaling including identification of key signaling molecules is crucial to maximize the efficacy of NK cell-based treatments. Herein, we review the current state of the literature and outline potential future avenues where optimized NK cells could be utilized in HIV-1 cure strategies and other immunotherapeutics in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugawara
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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19
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Sharma A, Seow JJW, Dutertre CA, Pai R, Blériot C, Mishra A, Wong RMM, Singh GSN, Sudhagar S, Khalilnezhad S, Erdal S, Teo HM, Khalilnezhad A, Chakarov S, Lim TKH, Fui ACY, Chieh AKW, Chung CP, Bonney GK, Goh BKP, Chan JK, Chow PK, Ginhoux F, DasGupta R. Onco-fetal Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell 2020; 183:377-394.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Ram DR, Arias CF, Kroll K, Hueber B, Manickam C, Jones RA, Smith ST, Shah SV, Varner VH, Reeves RK. Characterization of Rhesus Macaque Liver-Resident CD49a + NK Cells During Retrovirus Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1676. [PMID: 32849583 PMCID: PMC7411078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD49a+ tissue resident NK cells have been implicated in memory-like NK cell responses, but while this population is well-characterized in mice and in humans, they are poorly described in non-human primates (NHP) which are particularly critical for modeling human viral infections. Others and we have shown that memory-like NK cells are enriched in the liver and because of the importance of NHP in modeling HIV infection, understanding the immunobiology of CD49a+ NK cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques is critical to explore the role of this cell type in retroviral infections. In this study mononuclear cells isolated from livers, spleens, and peripheral whole blood were analyzed in acutely and chronically lentivirus-infected and experimentally-naïve Indian rhesus macaques (RM). NK cells were then identified as CD45+CD14−CD20−CD3−NKG2A/C+ cells and characterized using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Our data show that in RM, CD49a+ NK cells increase in the liver following retroviral infections [median = 5.2% (naïve) vs. median = 9.48% (SIV+) or median = 16.8% (SHIV+)]. In contrast, there is little change in CD49a+ NK frequencies in whole blood or spleens of matched animals. In agreement with human and murine data we also observed that CD49a+ NK cells were predominantly Eomeslow T-betlow, though these frequencies are elevated in infected animal cohorts. Functionally, our data suggests that infection alters TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD107a expression in stimulated CD49a+ NK cells. Specifically, our analyses found a decrease in CD49a+ CD107a+ TNFα+ IFNγ− NK cells, with a simultaneous increase in CD49a+ CD107a+ TNFα− IFNγ+ NK cells and the non-responsive CD49a+ CD107a− TNFα− IFNγ− NK cell population following infection, suggesting both pathogenic and inflammatory changes in the NK cell functional profile. Our data also identified significant global differences in polyfunctionality between CD49a+ NK cells in the naïve and chronic (SHIV+) cohorts. Our work provides the first characterization of CD49a+ NK cells in tissues from RM. The significant similarities between CD49a+ NK cells from RM and what is reported from human samples justifies the importance of studying CD49a+ NK cells in this species to support preclinical animal model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rhianna A Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott T Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valerie H Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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21
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Muthalagu N, Monteverde T, Raffo-Iraolagoitia X, Wiesheu R, Whyte D, Hedley A, Laing S, Kruspig B, Upstill-Goddard R, Shaw R, Neidler S, Rink C, Karim SA, Gyuraszova K, Nixon C, Clark W, Biankin AV, Carlin LM, Coffelt SB, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Murphy DJ. Repression of the Type I Interferon Pathway Underlies MYC- and KRAS-Dependent Evasion of NK and B Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:872-887. [PMID: 32200350 PMCID: PMC7611248 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MYC is implicated in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, yet the precise level of MYC deregulation required to contribute to tumor development has been difficult to define. We used modestly elevated expression of human MYC, driven from the Rosa26 locus, to investigate the pancreatic phenotypes arising in mice from an approximation of MYC trisomy. We show that this level of MYC alone suffices to drive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to accelerate progression of KRAS-initiated precursor lesions to metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our phenotype exposed suppression of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway by the combined actions of MYC and KRAS, and we present evidence of repressive MYC-MIZ1 complexes binding directly to the promoters of the genes encodiing the type I IFN regulators IRF5, IRF7, STAT1, and STAT2. Derepression of IFN regulator genes allows pancreatic tumor infiltration by B and natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in increased survival. SIGNIFICANCE: We define herein a novel mechanism of evasion of NK cell-mediated immunity through the combined actions of endogenously expressed mutant KRAS and modestly deregulated expression of MYC, via suppression of the type I IFN pathway. Restoration of IFN signaling may improve outcomes for patients with PDAC.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 747.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiziana Monteverde
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Wiesheu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Declan Whyte
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Laing
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Kruspig
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Shaw
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Neidler
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis Rink
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Saadia A Karim
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Gyuraszova
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - William Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M Carlin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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22
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Brillantes M, Beaulieu AM. Memory and Memory-Like NK Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:102. [PMID: 32269968 PMCID: PMC7109401 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that provide systemic defense against pathogens and malignancy. Although historically considered cells of the innate immune system, NK cells are now known to be capable of memory or memory-like immune responses in certain settings. Memory NK responses were initially reported over a decade ago in studies involving mouse models of cytomegalovirus infection and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to chemical haptens and viral antigens. Since then, a growing body of literature suggests that memory or memory-like NK cell responses may occur in a broader range of immunological settings, including in response to various viral and bacterial infections, and some immunization protocols. Memory-like NK cell responses have also now been reported in humans and non-human primates. Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating memory or memory-like responses by NK cells in settings of infection and immunization against infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brillantes
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Aimee M. Beaulieu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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23
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Roark HK, Jenks JA, Permar SR, Schleiss MR. Animal Models of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Transmission: Implications for Vaccine Development. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S60-S73. [PMID: 32134481 PMCID: PMC7057791 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are species-specific, the study of nonhuman CMVs in animal models can help to inform and direct research aimed at developing a human CMV (HCMV) vaccine. Because the driving force behind the development of HCMV vaccines is to prevent congenital infection, the animal model in question must be one in which vertical transmission of virus occurs to the fetus. Fortunately, two such animal models-the rhesus macaque CMV and guinea pig CMV-are characterized by congenital infection. Hence, each model can be evaluated in "proof-of-concept" studies of preconception vaccination aimed at blocking transplacental transmission. This review focuses on similarities and differences in the respective model systems, and it discusses key insights from each model germane to the study of HCMV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter K Roark
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark R Schleiss
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Cai Y, Dai Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Guo J, Wei C, Chen W, Huang H, Zhu J, Zhang C, Zheng W, Wen Z, Liu H, Zhang M, Xing S, Jin Q, Feng CG, Chen X. Single-cell transcriptomics of blood reveals a natural killer cell subset depletion in tuberculosis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102686. [PMID: 32114394 PMCID: PMC7047188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a critical global health problem, which killed millions of lives each year. Certain circulating cell subsets are thought to differentially modulate the host immune response towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, but the nature and function of these subsets is unclear. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy controls (HC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and then subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using 10 × Genomics platform. Unsupervised clustering of the cells based on the gene expression profiles using the Seurat package and passed to tSNE for clustering visualization. Flow cytometry was used to validate the subsets identified by scRNA-Seq. Findings Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression revealed both known and novel markers for all main PBMC cell types and delineated 29 cell subsets. By comparing the scRNA-seq datasets from HC, LTBI and TB, we found that infection changes the frequency of immune-cell subsets in TB. Specifically, we observed gradual depletion of a natural killer (NK) cell subset (CD3-CD7+GZMB+) from HC, to LTBI and TB. We further verified that the depletion of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ subset in TB and found an increase in this subset frequency after anti-TB treatment. Finally, we confirmed that changes in this subset frequency can distinguish patients with TB from LTBI and HC. Interpretation We propose that the frequency of CD3-CD7+GZMB+ in peripheral blood could be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing TB from LTBI and HC. Fund The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (81770013, 81525016, 81772145, 81871255 and 91942315), National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX10201301), Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen (JCYJ20170412101048337) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases (2019B030301009). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Youchao Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yejun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qianqing Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiubiao Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huanping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jialou Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Weidong Zheng
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Yuebei Second People's Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Lab for Diagnosis &Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qi Jin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Carl G Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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25
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van Stigt Thans T, Akko JI, Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Richert L, Stürzel CM, Ford CT, Li H, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes JC, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F, Martrus G, Sauter D, Altfeld M, Hölzemer A. Primary HIV-1 Strains Use Nef To Downmodulate HLA-E Surface Expression. J Virol 2019; 93:e00719-19. [PMID: 31375574 PMCID: PMC6798123 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00719-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has evolved elaborate ways to evade immune cell recognition, including downregulation of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) from the surfaces of infected cells. Recent evidence identified HLA-E, a nonclassical HLA-I, as an important part of the antiviral immune response to HIV-1. Changes in HLA-E surface levels and peptide presentation can prompt both CD8+ T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses to viral infections. Previous studies reported unchanged or increased HLA-E levels on HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we examined HLA-E surface levels following infection of CD4+ T cells with primary HIV-1 strains and observed that a subset downregulated HLA-E. Two primary strains of HIV-1 that induced the strongest reduction in surface HLA-E expression were chosen for further testing. Expression of single Nef or Vpu proteins in a T-cell line, as well as tail swap experiments exchanging the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-A2 with that of HLA-E, demonstrated that Nef modulated HLA-E surface levels and targeted the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-E. Furthermore, infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 mutants showed that a lack of functional Nef (and Vpu to some extent) impaired HLA-E downmodulation. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that HIV-1 can downregulate HLA-E surface levels on infected primary CD4+ T cells, potentially rendering them less vulnerable to CD8+ T-cell recognition but at increased risk of NKG2A+ NK cell killing.IMPORTANCE For almost two decades, it was thought that HIV-1 selectively downregulated the highly expressed HLA-I molecules HLA-A and HLA-B from the cell surface in order to evade cytotoxic-T-cell recognition, while leaving HLA-C and HLA-E molecules unaltered. It was stipulated that HIV-1 infection thereby maintained inhibition of NK cells via inhibitory receptors that bind HLA-C and HLA-E. This concept was recently revised when a study showed that primary HIV-1 strains reduce HLA-C surface levels, whereas the cell line-adapted HIV-1 strain NL4-3 lacks this ability. Here, we demonstrate that infection with distinct primary HIV-1 strains results in significant downregulation of surface HLA-E levels. Given the increasing evidence for HLA-E as an important modulator of CD8+ T-cell and NKG2A+ NK cell functions, this finding has substantial implications for future immunomodulatory approaches aimed at harnessing cytotoxic cellular immunity against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet I Akko
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Annika Niehrs
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | | | - Laura Richert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christina M Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher T Ford
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John C Kappes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and CFAR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Truitt LL, Yang D, Espinoza DA, Fan X, Ram DR, Moström MJ, Tran D, Sprehe LM, Reeves RK, Donahue RE, Kaur A, Dunbar CE, Wu C. Impact of CMV Infection on Natural Killer Cell Clonal Repertoire in CMV-Naïve Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2381. [PMID: 31649681 PMCID: PMC6794559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent functional, gene expression, and epigenetic studies have suggested the presence of a subset of mature natural killer (NK) cells responsible for maintaining NK cell memory. The lack of endogenous clonal markers in NK cells impedes understanding the genesis of these cell populations. In humans, primates, and mice, this phenotype and memory or adaptive functions have been strongly linked to cytomegalovirus or related herpes virus infections. We have used transplantation of lentivirally-barcoded autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) to track clonal hematopoiesis in rhesus macaques and previously reported striking oligoclonal expansions of NK-biased barcoded clones within the CD56−CD16+ NK cell subpopulation, clonally distinct from ongoing output of myeloid, B cell, T cell, and CD56+16− NK cells from HSPC. These CD56−CD16+ NK cell clones segregate by expression of specific KIR surface receptors, suggesting clonal expansion in reaction to specific environmental stimuli. We have now used this model to investigate the impact of rhesus CMV(RhCMV) infection on NK clonal dynamics. Following transplantation, RhCMVneg rhesus macaques display less dominant and oligoclonal CD16+ NK cells biased clones compared to RhCMVpos animals, however these populations of cells are still clearly present. Upon RhCMV infection, CD16+ NK cells proliferate, followed by appearance of new groups of expanded NK clones and disappearance of clones present prior to RhCMV infection. A second superinfection with RhCMV resulted in rapid viral clearance without major change in the mature NK cell clonal landscape. Our findings suggest that RhCMV is not the sole driver of clonal expansion and peripheral maintenance of mature NK cells; however, infection of macaques with this herpesvirus does result in selective expansion and persistence of specific NK cell clones, providing further information relevant to adaptive NK cells and the development of NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Di Yang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institute of Hematology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matilda J Moström
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dollnovan Tran
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Lesli M Sprehe
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Cazote ADS, da Silva TP, Sant'Anna FM, Schmaltz CAS, Brum TDS, de Matos JA, Silva J, Benjamin A, Pilotto JH, Rolla VC, Morgado MG, Scott-Algara D. Changes in the NK Cell Repertoire Related to Initiation of TB Treatment and Onset of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in TB/HIV Co-infected Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil-ANRS 12274. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1800. [PMID: 31456797 PMCID: PMC6700218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common comorbidity and the leading cause of death among HIV-infected individuals. Although the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) during TB treatment improves the survival of TB/HIV patients, the occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in some patients poses clinical and scientific challenges. This work aimed to evaluate blood innate lymphocytes during therapeutic intervention for both diseases and their implications for the onset of IRIS. Natural killer (NK) cells, invariant NKT cells (iNKT), γδ T cell subsets, and in vitro NK functional activity were characterized by multiparametric flow cytometry in the following groups: 33 TB/HIV patients (four with paradoxical IRIS), 27 TB and 25 HIV mono-infected subjects (prior to initiation of TB treatment and/or cART and during clinical follow-up to 24 weeks), and 25 healthy controls (HC). Concerning the NK cell repertoire, several activation and inhibitory receptors were skewed in the TB/HIV patients compared to those in the other groups, especially the HCs. Significantly higher expression of CD158a (p = 0.025), NKp80 (p = 0.033), and NKG2C (p = 0.0076) receptors was detected in the TB/HIV IRIS patients than in the non-IRIS patients. Although more NK degranulation was observed in the TB/HIV patients than in the other groups, the therapeutic intervention did not alter the frequency during follow-up (weeks 2-24). A higher frequency of the γδ T cell population was observed in the TB/HIV patients with inversion of the Vδ2+/Vδ2- ratio, especially for those presenting pulmonary TB, suggesting an expansion of particular γδ T subsets during TB/HIV co-infection. In conclusion, HIV infection impacts the frequency of circulating NK cells and γδ T cell subsets in TB/HIV patients. Important modifications of the NK cell repertoire were observed after anti-TB treatment (week 2) but not during the cART/TB follow-up (weeks 6-24). An increase of CD161+ NK cells was related to an unfavorable outcome. Despite the low number of cases, a more preserved NK cell profile was detected in IRIS patients previous to treatment, suggesting a role for these cells in IRIS onset. Longitudinal evaluation of the NK repertoire showed the impact of TB treatment and implicated these cells in TB pathogenesis in TB/HIV co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa da Silva Cazote
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Marinho Sant'Anna
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Arana Stanis Schmaltz
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania de Souza Brum
- HIV Clinical Research Center, Nova Iguaçu General Hospital (HGNI), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arruda de Matos
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Health Surveillance and Immunization, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlio Silva
- Platform for Clinical Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Benjamin
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,HIV Clinical Research Center, Nova Iguaçu General Hospital (HGNI), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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28
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Wu C, Espinoza DA, Koelle SJ, Yang D, Truitt L, Schlums H, Lafont BA, Davidson-Moncada JK, Lu R, Kaur A, Hammer Q, Li B, Panch S, Allan DA, Donahue RE, Childs RW, Romagnani C, Bryceson YT, Dunbar CE. Clonal expansion and compartmentalized maintenance of rhesus macaque NK cell subsets. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/29/eaat9781. [PMID: 30389798 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat9781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and eliminate infected and malignant cells. Their life histories are poorly understood, particularly in humans, due to lack of informative models and endogenous clonal markers. Here, we apply transplantation of barcoded rhesus macaque hematopoietic cells to interrogate the landscape of NK cell production, expansion, and life histories at a clonal level long term and after proliferative challenge. We identify oligoclonal populations of rhesus CD56-CD16+ NK cells that are characterized by marked expansions and contractions over time yet remained long-term clonally uncoupled from other hematopoietic lineages, including CD56+CD16- NK cells. Individual or groups of CD56-CD16+ expanded clones segregated with surface expression of specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. These clonally distinct NK cell subpopulation patterns persisted for more than 4 years, including after transient in vivo anti-CD16-mediated depletion and subsequent regeneration. Profound and sustained interleukin-15-mediated depletion was required to generate new oligoclonal CD56-CD16+ NK cells. Together, our results indicate that linear NK cell production from multipotent hematopoietic progenitors or less mature CD56+CD16- cells is negligible during homeostasis and moderate proliferative stress. In such settings, peripheral compartmentalized self-renewal can maintain the composition of distinct, differentiated NK cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samson J Koelle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Yang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lauren Truitt
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernard A Lafont
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan K Davidson-Moncada
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Clinical Development and Translational Research, MacroGenics Inc. Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum-A Leibnitz Institute, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Li
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandhya Panch
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Allan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard W Childs
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum-A Leibnitz Institute, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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29
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Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Modulates CD94 + (KLRD1 +) NK Cells in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00731-19. [PMID: 31167916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00731-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we and others have shown that natural killer (NK) cells exhibit memory-like recall responses against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency/virus simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) infections. Although the mechanism(s) have not been fully delineated, several groups have shown that the activating receptor NKG2C is elevated on NK cells in the context of rhesus CMV (rhCMV) or human CMV (hCMV) infections. CD94, which heterodimerizes with NKG2C is also linked to adaptive NK cell responses. Because nonhuman primates (NHP) play a crucial role in modeling HIV (SIV) infections, it is crucial to be able to assess and characterize the NKG2 family in NHP. Unfortunately, it is not possible to detect CD94 using commercially available antibodies in NHP. Our work, a first for NHP, has focused on developing RNA flow cytometry using mRNA transcripts as proxies distinguishing NKG2C from NKG2A. We have expanded the application of this technology and here we show the first characterization of CD94+ (KLRD1+) NK cells in NHP using multiparametric RNA flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naive and matched acutely (n = 4) or chronically (n = 12) SIV-infected rhesus macaques were analyzed by flow cytometry using commercially available antibodies, determining expression of transcripts for NKG2A, NKG2C, and CD94 (KLRC1, KLRC2, and KLRD1, respectively) on NK cells using RNA flow cytometry. Our data show that KLRC1+/- KLRC2+ KLRD1+ NK cells decrease following chronic, but not acute, infection with SIV. This approach will allow us to investigate the kinetics of infection and NK memory formation and will further improve our understanding of basic NK cell biology, especially in the context of SIV infection.IMPORTANCE Nonhuman primates play a crucial role in approximating human biology and many diseases that are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in other animal models, notably HIV. Current advances in adaptive NK cell research positions us to address fundamental deficiencies in our fight against infection and disease at the earliest moments after infection or substantially earlier in disease progression. We show here that we can identify specific NK cell subpopulations that are modulated following chronic, but not acute, SIV infection. The ability to identify these subsets more precisely will inform therapeutic and vaccine strategies targeting an optimized NK cell response.
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30
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Ali A, Gyurova IE, Waggoner SN. Mutually assured destruction: the cold war between viruses and natural killer cells. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:130-139. [PMID: 30877885 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a multitude of antiviral roles that are significant enough to provoke viral counterefforts to subvert their activity. As innate lymphocytes, NK cells provide a rapid source of pro-inflammatory antiviral cytokines and bring to bear cytolytic activities that are collectively meant to constrain viral replication and dissemination. Additionally, NK cells participate in adaptive immunity both by shaping virus-specific T-cell responses and by developing adaptive features themselves, including enhanced antibody-dependent effector functions. The relative importance of different functional activities of NK cells are poorly understood, thereby obfuscating clinical use of these cells. Here we focus on opposing efforts of NK cells and viruses to gain tactical superiority during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Ali
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ivayla E Gyurova
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Immunology Graduate Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
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31
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, comprise the first line of innate immune defense against pathogens and tumors. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has demonstrated immunological memory in ILC subsets: for example, NK cells recall haptens, viruses, and cytokines; ILC1s recall haptens; and ILC2s recall cytokines. Although the development and functions of ILCs mirror those of T-cell subsets, ILC and T-cell memory exhibit both common characteristics and specific properties. Encouragingly, ILC memory has been found to confer benefits in long-term tumor control and vaccination, providing insight for novel memory ILC-based tumor immunotherapy and vaccine-development strategies. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting ILC memory and present a comprehensive framework of the ILC memory system.
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32
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Ram DR, Manickam C, Lucar O, Shah SV, Reeves RK. Adaptive NK cell responses in HIV/SIV infections: A roadmap to cell-based therapeutics? J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1253-1259. [PMID: 30730588 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0718-303r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells play a critical role in antiviral and antitumor responses. Although current NK cell immune therapies have focused primarily on cancer biology, many of these advances can be readily applied to target HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected cells. Promising developments include recent reports that CAR NK cells are capable of targeted responses while producing less off-target and toxic side effects than are associated with CAR T cell therapies. Further, CAR NK cells derived from inducible pluripotent stem cells or cell lines may allow for more rapid "off-the-shelf" access. Other work investigating the IL-15 superagonist ALT-803 (now N803) may also provide a recourse for enhancing NK cell responses in the context of the immunosuppressive and inflammatory environment of chronic HIV/SIV infections, leading to enhanced control of viremia. With a broader acceptance of research supporting adaptive functions in NK cells it is likely that novel immunotherapeutics and vaccine modalities will aim to generate virus-specific memory NK cells. In doing so, better targeted NK cell responses against virus-infected cells may usher in a new era of NK cell-tuned immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spandan V Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research (CVVR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Beaulieu AM. Memory responses by natural killer cells. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1087-1096. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ri0917-366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M. Beaulieu
- Center for Immunity and InflammationNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesRutgers—The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular GeneticsNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesRutgers—The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
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