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Liu F, Chen H, Cao C, Liang Y, Zhou Y. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their therapeutic applications in glomerulonephritis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2845-2856. [PMID: 37060433 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of innate immunity is the presence of a special group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) called toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a quick and effective immune response to them. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the most important categories of renal disorders characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to the glomerulus. To date, the association of TLRs as important innate immune system members with GN has been one of the topics that attracted the attention of researchers in this field. However, the exact role of these receptors in the immunopathogenesis of GN has not yet been fully discussed. Therefore, this study aims to overview the role of TLRs in GN and the possibility of using them as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. The complexity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), hypoxic, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell signaling in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:706. [PMID: 37814337 PMCID: PMC10563221 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-stage detection of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is important to treatment that may slow and occasionally halt CKD progression. CKD of diverse etiologies share similar histologic patterns of glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Macro-vascular disease and micro-vascular disease promote tissue ischemia, contributing to injury. Tissue ischemia promotes hypoxia, and this in turn activates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and HIF-2α, share a dimer partner, HIF-1β, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are each activated in CKD and associated with kidney cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. The Preiss-Handler, salvage, and de novo pathways regulate NAD biosynthesis and gap-junctions regulate NAD cellular retention. In the Preiss-Handler pathway, niacin forms NAD. Niacin also exhibits crosstalk with HIF and AHR cell signals in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, which is a complication in CKD. Dysregulated enzyme activity in the NAD de novo pathway increases the levels of circulating tryptophan metabolites that activate AHR, resulting in poly-ADP ribose polymerase activation, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, and immunosuppression. Therapeutically, metabolites from the NAD salvage pathway increase NAD production and subsequent sirtuin deacetylase activity, resulting in reduced activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I, p53, NF-κB and SMAD2 but increased activation of FOXO1, PGC-1α, and DNA methyltransferase-1. These post-translational responses may also be initiated through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are additionally altered in CKD. Nanoparticles traverse biological systems and can penetrate almost all tissues as disease biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Targeted delivery of non-coding RNAs or NAD metabolites with nanoparticles may enable the development of more effective diagnostics and therapies to treat CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, BG 10 RM 2C135, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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3
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Zhu F, Song Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhu D. The Renoprotective Effect of Shikonin in a Rat Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1731-1738. [PMID: 37391330 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical complication and pivotal cause of chronic kidney disease. The DN disease burden is among the highest in the world and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disease burden. Safe and effective medications are urgently needed for the treatment of DN. Interest has been increasing in Shikonin, extracted from the naphthoquinone plant, particularly in determining its renal protective effect. METHODS In this study, we explored Shikonin's effects and potential mechanisms on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN experimental model. An STZ-induced rat diabetic model was established, and the rats were treated with different doses of Shikonin (10/50 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Blood, urine, and renal tissue samples were collected after the last administration. Renal tissues were examined to detect each group's physiologic, biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular changes. RESULTS The results showed that Shikonin administration could significantly alleviate the STZ-induced elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary protein content, and renal pathologic injury. Furthermore, Shikonin significantly decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-κB expression levels in DN kidney tissues. Shikonin showed a dose-dependent effect, with the best outcome at 50 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Shikonin could effectively alleviate DN-related nephropathy damage and reveal the underlying pharmacologic mechanism. Based on the results, a Shikonin combination can be used in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an City, China
| | - Zhengyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Gezhouba Central Hospital of Sinopharm, Yichang, China.
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Hirata T, Ohara H, Kojima N, Koretsune H, Hasegawa Y, Inatani S, Takahashi T. Renoprotective Effect of TP0472993, a Novel and Selective 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor, in Mouse Models of Renal Fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:56-69. [PMID: 37142440 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is considered the essential pathophysiological process for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward renal failure. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has crucial roles in modulating the vascular response in the kidney and the progression of albuminuria. However, the roles of 20-HETE in kidney fibrosis are largely unexplored. In the current research, we hypothesized that if 20-HETE has important roles in the progression of kidney fibrosis, 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors might be effective against kidney fibrosis. To verify our hypothesis, this study investigated the effect of a novel and selective 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, TP0472993, on the development of kidney fibrosis after folic acid- and obstructive-induced nephropathy in mice. Chronic treatment with TP0472993 at doses of 0.3 and 3 mg/kg twice a day attenuated the degree of kidney fibrosis in the folic acid nephropathy and the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, as demonstrated by reductions in Masson's trichrome staining and the renal collagen content. In addition, TP0472993 reduced renal inflammation, as demonstrated by markedly reducing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the renal tissue. Chronic treatment with TP0472993 also reduced the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the kidney of UUO mice. Our observations indicate that inhibition of 20-HETE production with TP0472993 suppresses the kidney fibrosis progression via a reduction in the ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors might be a novel treatment option against CKD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, we demonstrate that the pharmacological blockade of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthesis using TP0472993 suppresses the progression of kidney fibrosis after folic acid- and obstructive-induced nephropathy in mice, indicating that 20-HETE might have key roles in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. TP0472993 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic approach against chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirata
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koretsune
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hasegawa
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoko Inatani
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories (T.H., H.O., N.K., H.K., T.T.) and Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories (Y.H., S.I.), Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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5
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Xu X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Shi S, Lv J, Fu Z, Gao X, Li Y, Wu H, Song Q. Renal fibrosis in type 2 cardiorenal syndrome: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114901. [PMID: 37224755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a state of coexisting heart failure and renal insufficiency in which acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart or kidney lead to acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ.It was found that renal fibrosis is an important pathological process in the progression of type 2 CRS to end-stage renal disease, and progressive renal impairment accelerates the deterioration of cardiac function and significantly increases the hospitalization and mortality rates of patients. Previous studies have found that Hemodynamic Aiteration, RAAS Overactivation, SNS Dysfunction, Endothelial Dysfunction and Imbalance of natriuretic peptide system contribute to the development of renal disease in the decompensated phase of heart failure, but the exact mechanisms is not clear. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the molecular pathways involved in the development of renal fibrosis due to heart failure and identify the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and hypoxia-sensing pathways, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as important triggers and regulators of fibrosis development, and summarize the therapeutic approaches for the above signaling pathways, including SB-525334 Sfrp1, DKK1, IMC, rosarostat, 4-PBA, etc. In addition, some potential natural drugs for this disease are also summarized, including SQD4S2, Wogonin, Astragaloside, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyue Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiya Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Bai M, Wu M, Jiang M, He J, Deng X, Xu S, Fan J, Miao M, Wang T, Li Y, Yu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Yang L, Jia Z, Zhang A. LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16581. [PMID: 36629048 PMCID: PMC9906428 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria comprise the central metabolic hub of cells and their imbalance plays a pathogenic role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we studied Lon protease 1 (LONP1), a major mitochondrial protease, as its role in CKD pathogenesis is unclear. LONP1 expression was decreased in human patients and mice with CKD, and tubular-specific Lonp1 overexpression mitigated renal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in two different models of CKD, but these outcomes were aggravated by Lonp1 deletion. These results were confirmed in renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Mechanistically, LONP1 downregulation caused mitochondrial accumulation of the LONP1 substrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), which disrupted mitochondrial function and further accelerated CKD progression. Finally, computer-aided virtual screening was performed, which identified a novel LONP1 activator. Pharmacologically, the LONP1 activator attenuated renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these results imply that LONP1 is a promising therapeutic target for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationYantai UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Renal DivisionPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of PediatricsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Nanjing Key Laboratory of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Jiang Y, Glasstetter LM, Lerman A, Lerman LO. TSG-6 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Gene/Protein-6): An Emerging Remedy for Renal Inflammation. Hypertension 2023; 80:35-42. [PMID: 36367104 PMCID: PMC9742181 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a major pathological feature in most kidney diseases and often evokes compensatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that TSG-6 (tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene/protein-6) plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammation in various renal diseases, including immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated renal diseases. TSG-6 has a diverse repertoire of anti-inflammatory functions: it potentiates antiplasmin activity of IαI (inter-α-inhibitor) by binding to its light chain, crosslinks hyaluronan to promote its binding to cell surface receptor CD44, and thereby regulate the migration and adhesion of lymphocytes, inhibits chemokine-stimulated transendothelial migration of neutrophils by directly interacting with the glycosaminoglycan binding site of CXCL8 (CXC motif chemokine ligand-8), and upregulates COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) to produce anti-inflammatory metabolites. Hopefully, further developments can target this anti-inflammatory molecule to the kidney and harness its remedial properties. This review provides an overview of the emerging role of TSG-6 in blunting renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Logan M. Glasstetter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Plumb T, Lee K, He JC, Ferrer FA, Padanilam BJ. Hepatic and proximal tubule angiotensinogen play distinct roles in kidney dysfunction, glomerular and tubular injury, and fibrosis progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F435-F446. [PMID: 35924445 PMCID: PMC9485008 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00029.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the renin-angiotensin system, including angiotensinogen (AGT), are critical contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression. However, the specific role of tissue-derived AGTs in CKD has not been fully understood. To define the contribution of liver versus kidney AGT in the CKD development, we performed 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), an established CKD model, in wild-type (WT), proximal tubule (PT)- or liver-specific AGT knockout (KO) mice. Nx significantly elevated intrarenal AGT expression and elevated blood pressure (BP) in WT mice. The increase of intrarenal AGT protein was completely blocked in liver-specific AGT KO mice with BP reduction, suggesting a crucial role for liver AGT in BP regulation during CKD. Nx-induced glomerular and kidney injury and dysfunction, as well as fibrosis, were all attenuated to a greater extent in liver-specific AGT KO mice compared with PT-specific AGT KO and WT mice. However, the suppression of interstitial fibrosis in PT- and liver-specific AGT KO mouse kidneys was comparable. Our findings demonstrate that liver AGT acts as a critical contributor in driving glomerular and tubular injury, renal dysfunction, and fibrosis progression, whereas the role of PT AGT was limited to interstitial fibrosis progression in chronic renal insufficiency. Our results provide new insights for the development of tissue-targeted renin-angiotensin system intervention in the treatment of CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major unmet medical need with no effective treatment. Current findings demonstrate that hepatic and proximal tubule angiotensinogen have distinct roles in tubular and glomerular injury, fibrogenesis, and renal dysfunction during CKD development. As renin-angiotensin system components, including angiotensinogen, are important targets for treating CKD in the clinic, the results from our study may be applied to developing better tissue-targeted treatment strategies for CKD and other fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Troy Plumb
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Fernando A Ferrer
- Department of Urology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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9
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Lin K, Luo W, Yang N, Su L, Zhou H, Hu X, Wang Y, Khan ZA, Huang W, Wu G, Liang G. Inhibition of MyD88 attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertensive kidney disease via regulating renal inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109218. [PMID: 36116148 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney damage is a frequent event in the course of hypertension. Recent researches highlighted a critical role of non-hemodynamic activities of angiotensin II (Ang II) in hypertension-associated kidney fibrosis and inflammation. These activities are mediated through toll-like receptors (TLRs) but the mechanisms by which Ang II links TLRs to downstream inflammatory and fibrogenic responses is not fully known. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR adapter protein called myeloid differentiation primary-response protein-88 (MyD88) as the potential link. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were administered Ang II by micro-osmotic pump infusion for 4 weeks to develop nephropathy. Mice were treated with small-molecule MyD88 inhibitor LM8. In vitro, MyD88 was blocked using siRNA or LM8 in Ang II-challenged renal tubular epithelial cells. RESULTS We show that MyD88 is mainly located in tubular epithelial cells and Ang II increases the interaction between TLR4 and MyD88. This interaction activates MAPKs and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), leading to increased production of inflammatory and fibrogenic factors. Inhibition of MyD88 by siRNA or selective inhibitor LM8 supresses MyD88-TLR4 interaction, NF-κB activation, and elaboration of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-associated factors. These protective actions resulted in decreased renal pathological changes and preserved renal function in LM8-treated hypertensive mice, without affecting hypertension. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Ang II induces inflammation and fibrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells through MyD88 and present MyD88 as a potential point of intervention for hypertension-associated kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Na Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lan Su
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Zia A Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Department of Cardiology and Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.
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10
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Tanaka S, Zheng S, Kharel Y, Fritzemeier RG, Huang T, Foster D, Poudel N, Goggins E, Yamaoka Y, Rudnicka KP, Lipsey JE, Radel HV, Ryuh SM, Inoue T, Yao J, Rosin DL, Schwab SR, Santos WL, Lynch KR, Okusa MD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in perivascular cells enhances inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2681. [PMID: 35976996 PMCID: PMC9873476 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, is highly prevalent and can eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. However, current treatments to slow CKD progression are limited. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingolipid catabolism, is a pleiotropic mediator involved in many cellular functions, and drugs targeting S1P signaling have previously been studied particularly for autoimmune diseases. The primary mechanism of most of these drugs is functional antagonism of S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) expressed on lymphocytes and the resultant immunosuppressive effect. Here, we documented the role of local S1P signaling in perivascular cells in the progression of kidney fibrosis using primary kidney perivascular cells and several conditional mouse models. S1P was predominantly produced by sphingosine kinase 2 in kidney perivascular cells and exported via spinster homolog 2 (Spns2). It bound to S1P1 expressed in perivascular cells to enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines upon injury, leading to immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. A small-molecule Spns2 inhibitor blocked S1P transport, resulting in suppression of inflammatory signaling in human and mouse kidney perivascular cells in vitro and amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. Our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by S1P and demonstrates the potential of Spns2 inhibition as a treatment for CKD and potentially other inflammatory and fibrotic diseases that avoids the adverse events associated with systemic modulation of S1P receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuqiu Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Russell G. Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yusuke Yamaoka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kinga P. Rudnicka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Lipsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Hope V. Radel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Sophia M. Ryuh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Diane L. Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, New York 10016, USA
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Mark D. Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Corresponding author.
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11
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Aggarwal A, Dinda AK, Mukhopadhyay CK. Effect of Cisplatin on Renal Iron Homeostasis Components: Implication in Nephropathy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27804-27817. [PMID: 35990481 PMCID: PMC9386824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of solid tumors but often causes nephropathy as part of the off-target toxicity. Iron accumulation and related damage were implicated in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. However, the role of cisplatin in the renal iron sensing mechanism and its target genes responsible for iron uptake, storage, and release have not been investigated. Cellular iron homeostasis is controlled by the interaction of iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) and iron-responsive elements (IREs) present in the untranslated regions of iron transport and storage components. Here, we report that cisplatin does not influence the expressions of IRP targets such as transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1), and ferroportin in renal cells despite the increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level. Ferritin subunits (Ft-H and Ft-L) are elevated in different magnitudes due to the increased mRNA expression. Intriguingly, a higher expression of Ft-L mRNA is detected than that of Ft-H mRNA. The inability of cisplatin in altering the IRE-IRP interaction is confirmed by examining IRE-containing luciferase activity, RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and activation of IRPs. The labile iron pool is depleted but reversed by silencing of either Ft-H or Ft-L, suggesting increased iron storage by ferritin. Silencing of Ft-H or Ft-L promotes cell death, suggesting that ferritin acts to protect the renal cells from cisplatin-mediated toxicity. A differential increase of transcripts and equivalent increase of proteins of Ft-H and Ft-L and unaltered TfR1 and DMT1 transcripts are found in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats along with iron accumulation. Our results reveal that cisplatin does not influence the IRE-IRP interaction despite alteration of the cellular iron pool in renal cells. This insensitivity of the IRE-IRP system may be implicated in the accumulation of iron to contribute to cisplatin-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Aggarwal
- Department
of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amit K. Dinda
- Department
of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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12
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The fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis: components and mechanisms. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:545-557. [PMID: 35788561 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney diseases. Rather than being distributed uniformly across the kidney parenchyma, renal fibrotic lesions initiate at certain focal sites in which the fibrogenic niche is formed in a spatially confined fashion. This niche provides a unique tissue microenvironment that is orchestrated by a specialized ECM network consisting of de novo-induced matricellular proteins. Other structural elements of the fibrogenic niche include kidney resident and infiltrated inflammatory cells, extracellular vesicles, soluble factors and metabolites. ECM proteins in the fibrogenic niche recruit soluble factors including WNTs and transforming growth factor-β from the extracellular milieu, creating a distinctive profibrotic microenvironment. Studies using decellularized ECM scaffolds from fibrotic kidneys show that the fibrogenic niche autonomously promotes fibroblast proliferation, tubular injury, macrophage activation and endothelial cell depletion, pathological features that recapitulate key events in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. The concept of the fibrogenic niche represents a paradigm shift in understanding of the mechanism of kidney fibrosis that could lead to the development of non-invasive biomarkers and novel therapies not only for chronic kidney disease, but also for fibrotic diseases of other organs.
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13
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Bai C, Zhu Y, Dong Q, Zhang Y. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7528-7540. [PMID: 35263214 PMCID: PMC8973594 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2047394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory disorder and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is an important pathological characteristic of OSAS. Injuries on renal tubular epithelial cells were observed under the condition of CIH. Pyroptosis is a programmed mode of cell death following cell apoptosis and cell necrosis, which is mediated by NLRP3 signaling. The present study aims to investigate the effects of CIH on the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, CIH was induced in two renal tubular epithelial cell lines, HK-2 cells and TCMK-1 cells. As the aggravation of hypoxia, an increasing trend of elevated apoptotic rate was observed in HK-2 cells and TCMK-1 cells, accompanied by the excessive release of ROS and LDH, and upregulation of NLRP3. Subsequently, the CIH model was established on rats. The pathological analysis results indicated that in CIH rats, the glomerular bottom membrane and mesangium were slightly thickened and edema was observed in the renal tubule epithelium. More serious injury was observed in the moderate intermittent hypoxia group. The expression level of IL-1β and IL-18 was promoted as the aggravation of hypoxia, accompanied by the elevated production of LDH and ROS. The expression level of cleaved Caspase-1, Caspase-1, GSDMD, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 was found significantly upregulated as the aggravation of hypoxia. Lastly, the pathological changes in rats induced by CIH were dramatically abolished by MCC950, a specific inhibitor of NLRP3. Collectively, CIH triggered the pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Bai
- Division of Geriatrics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yingfei Zhu
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiaoliang Dong
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of International Medical Services, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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14
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Experimental models of acute kidney injury for translational research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:277-293. [PMID: 35173348 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models of human disease provide powerful tools for therapeutic discovery but have limitations. This problem is especially apparent in the field of acute kidney injury (AKI), in which clinical trial failures have been attributed to inaccurate modelling performed largely in rodents. Multidisciplinary efforts such as the Kidney Precision Medicine Project are now starting to identify molecular subtypes of human AKI. In addition, over the past decade, there have been developments in human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids as well as zebrafish, rodent and large animal models of AKI. These organoid and AKI models are being deployed at different stages of preclinical therapeutic development. However, the traditionally siloed, preclinical investigator-driven approaches that have been used to evaluate AKI therapeutics to date rarely account for the limitations of the model systems used and have given rise to false expectations of clinical efficacy in patients with different AKI pathophysiologies. To address this problem, there is a need to develop more flexible and integrated approaches, involving teams of investigators with expertise in a range of different model systems, working closely with clinical investigators, to develop robust preclinical evidence to support more focused interventions in patients with AKI.
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15
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Qiguiyin Decoction Improves Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Rats by Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5066434. [PMID: 35071595 PMCID: PMC8776462 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5066434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a Gram-negative bacterium, has a high detection rate in hospital-acquired infections. Recently, the frequent appearance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) PA strain with high morbidity and mortality rates has aggravated the difficulty in treating infectious diseases. Due to its multiple resistance mechanisms, the commonly used antibiotics have gradually become less effective. Qiguiyin decoction (QGYD) is a clinically experienced prescription of Chinese herbal medicine, and its combined application with antibiotics has been confirmed to be effective in the clinical treatment of MDR PA infection, which could be a promising strategy for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the mechanism of QGYD restoring antibiotics susceptibility to MDR PA remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of QGYD and levofloxacin (LEV) singly or in combination on MDR PA-induced pneumonia rat models. Further analysis was carried out in the serum differential expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines by cytokine antibody array. Besides, the lung TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was detected by RT-qPCR. Our results showed that based on the treatment of MDR PA-infected rat model with LEV, the combination of QGYD improved the general state and immune organ index. Furthermore, it moderately increased the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the early stage of infection and decreased their release rapidly in the later stage, while regulated the same phase change of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was significantly downregulated after QGYD combined with LEV treatment. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and ICAM-1 were significantly downregulated. These results indicated that the mechanism of QGYD restoring LEV susceptibility to MDR PA was related to its regulation of inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides theoretical support for the clinical application of QGYD combined with LEV therapy to MDR PA infection.
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16
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Majumder S, Pushpakumar S, Juin SK, Jala VR, Sen U. Toll-like receptor 4 mutation protects the kidney from Ang-II-induced hypertensive injury. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106030. [PMID: 34896544 PMCID: PMC8755630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular autophagy is a protective mechanism where cells degrade damaged organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is considered as programmed cell death. Interestingly, autophagy inhibits apoptosis by degrading apoptosis regulators. In hypertension, an imbalance of autophagy and apoptosis regulators can lead to renal injury and dysfunction. Previously, we have reported that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mutant mice are protective against renal damage, in part, due to reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanism remained elusive. In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether TLR4 mutation reduces Ang-II-induced renal injury by inciting autophagy and suppressing apoptosis in the hypertensive kidney. Male mice with normal TLR4 expression (TLR4N, C3H/HeOuJ) and mutant TLR4 (TLR4M, C3H/HeJLps-d) aged 10-12 weeks were infused with Ang-II (1000 ng/kg/d) for 4 weeks to create hypertension. Saline infused appropriate control were used. Blood pressure was increased along with increased TLR4 expression in TLR4N mice receiving Ang-II compared to TLR4N control. Autophagy was downregulated, and apoptosis was upregulated in TLR4N mice treated with Ang-II. Also, kidney injury markers plasma lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) were upregulated in TLR4N mice treated with Ang-II. Besides, increased nuclear translocation and activity of NF-kB were measured in Ang-II-treated TLR4N mice. TLR4M mice remained protected against all these insults in hypertension. Together, these results suggest that Ang-II-induced TLR4 activation suppresses autophagy, induces apoptosis and kidney injury through in part by activating NF-kB signaling, and TLR4 mutation protects the kidney from Ang-II-induced hypertensive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Subir K Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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17
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010015. [PMID: 35052518 PMCID: PMC8772744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress to ESRD and require dialysis or transplantation. The pathogenesis of CKD involves inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and blunted renal cellular antioxidant capacity. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experimental and clinical studies undertaken to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which these compounds exert their effects against the progression of CKD, particularly diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. The accumulated and collected data from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these plants/bioactive compounds could activate autophagy, increase mitochondrial bioenergetics and prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, act as modulators of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. The main pathways targeted by these compounds include the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), autophagy, and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE). This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these antioxidants and new strategies to treat or reduce CKD progression, although the limitations related to the traditional formulation, lack of standardization, side effects, and safety.
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18
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Song Y, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Mai H, Wang B, Lin Y, Gu S. Protective effects of endothelial progenitor cell microvesicles on Ang II‑induced rat kidney cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:4. [PMID: 34738620 PMCID: PMC8600403 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypertension can lead to kidney damage, known as hypertensive nephropathy or hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms via which hypertensive nephropathy develops is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. The present study investigated the mechanisms by which endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair primary rat kidney cells (PRKs). ELISA, Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays were used to analyze the effects of EPCs or EPC-MVs on the oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle of PRKs induced by AngII. A PRK injury model was established using angiotensin II (Ang II). After Ang II induction, PRK proliferation was decreased, apoptosis was increased and the cell cycle was blocked at the G1 phase before entering the S phase. It was found that the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were increased, while the levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were decreased. Moreover, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased. Thus, Ang II damaged PRKs by stimulating oxidative stress and promoting the inflammatory response. However, when PRKs were co-cultured with EPCs, the damage induced by Ang II was significantly reduced. The current study collected the microvesicles (MVs) secreted by EPCs and co-cultured them with Ang II-induced PRKs, and identified that EPC-MVs retained their protective effect on PRKs. In conclusion, EPCs protect PRKs from Ang II-induced damage via secreted MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Song
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbing Bai
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Juming Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Huade Mai
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Lin
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Shenhong Gu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
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19
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Inhibitory effects of sulforaphane on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:175-185. [PMID: 34717147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SFN, a dietary phytochemical, is a significant member of isothiocyanates present in cruciferous vegetables at high levels in broccoli. It is a well-known activator of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway. Long since, the therapeutic effects of SFN have been widely studied in several different diseases. Other than the antioxidant effect, SFN also exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect through suppression of various mechanisms, including inflammasome activation. Considerably, SFN has been demonstrated to inhibit multiple inflammasomes, including NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes inflammatory cell death. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines enhances the inflammatory response, in turn leading to tissue damage. These self-propelling inflammatory responses would need modulation with exogenous therapeutic agents to suppress them. SFN is a promising candidate molecule for the mitigation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which has been related to the pathogenesis of numerous disorders. In this review, we have provided fundamental knowledge about Sulforaphane, elaborated its characteristics, and evidentially focused on its mechanisms of action with regard to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective features. Thereafter, we have summarized both in vitro and in vivo studies regarding SFN effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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20
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Yokoo K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Ammonia impairs tight junction barriers by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21854. [PMID: 34597422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms; however, its role in intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. The present study investigated the regulation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins by ammonia and the underlying mechanisms in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Ammonia (15, 30, and 60 mM) increased the permeability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased dextran flux. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the ammonia-induced increase in TJ permeability reduced the membrane localization of TJ proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)1, ZO2, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-3. DNA microarray analysis identified a biological pathway "response to reactive oxygen species" enriched by ammonia treatment, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the cells. Ammonia treatment also increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Meanwhile, ammonia treatment-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the downregulation of genes associated with the electron transport chain, reduction of the cellular ATP, NADH, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate content, and suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine reversed the ammonia-induced impairment of TJ permeability and structure without affecting the mitochondrial parameters. Collectively, ammonia impaired the TJ barrier by increasing oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. A mitochondrial dysfunction is possibly an event preceding ammonia-induced oxidative stress. The findings of this study could potentially improve our understanding of the interplay between intestinal microorganisms and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yokoo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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21
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Li X, Zou Y, Fu YY, Xing J, Wang KY, Wan PZ, Wang M, Zhai XY. Ibudilast Attenuates Folic Acid-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Blocking Pyroptosis Through TLR4-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650283. [PMID: 34025417 PMCID: PMC8139578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA)-induced renal tubule damage, which is characterized by extensive inflammation, is a common model of acute kidney injury (AKI). Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death due to the activation of inflammatory caspases, is involved in AKI progression. Ibudilast, a TLR4 antagonist, has been used in the clinic to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on asthma. However, researchers have not explored whether ibudilast exerts a protective effect on AKI by inhibiting inflammation. In the present study, ibudilast reversed FA-induced AKI in mice, as indicated by the reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and improved renal pathology, as well as the downregulation of kidney injury marker-1. In addition, ibudilast significantly increased the production of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 while suppressing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, in the injured kidney, ibudilast reduced the levels of both inflammasome markers (NLRP3) and pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-1, IL1-β, IL-18, and GSDMD cleavage), and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that ibudilast administration inhibited the FA-induced upregulation of TLR4, blocked NF-κB nuclear translocation, and reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα, p38, ERK, and JNK. Thus, this study substantiates the protective effect of ibudilast on FA-induced AKI in mice and suggests that protection might be achieved by reducing pyroptosis and inflammation, likely through the inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai-Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Nephropathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Stasi A, Franzin R, Divella C, Sallustio F, Curci C, Picerno A, Pontrelli P, Staffieri F, Lacitignola L, Crovace A, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Ronco C, de Cal M, Lorenzin A, Zanella M, Pertosa GB, Stallone G, Gesualdo L, Castellano G. PMMA-Based Continuous Hemofiltration Modulated Complement Activation and Renal Dysfunction in LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:605212. [PMID: 33868226 PMCID: PMC8047323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.605212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, refractory to conventional treatments. Aberrant activation of innate immune system may affect organ damage with poor prognosis for septic patients. Here, we investigated the efficacy of polymethyl methacrylate membrane (PMMA)-based continuous hemofiltration (CVVH) in modulating systemic and tissue immune activation in a swine model of LPS-induced AKI. After 3 h from LPS infusion, animals underwent to PMMA-CVVH or polysulfone (PS)-CVVH. Renal deposition of terminal complement mediator C5b-9 and of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) deposits were evaluated on biopsies whereas systemic Complement activation was assessed by ELISA assay. Gene expression profile was performed from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by microarrays and the results validated by Real-time PCR. Endotoxemic pigs presented oliguric AKI with increased tubulo-interstitial infiltrate, extensive collagen deposition, and glomerular thrombi; local PTX-3 and C5b-9 renal deposits and increased serum activation of classical and alternative Complement pathways were found in endotoxemic animals. PMMA-CVVH treatment significantly reduced tissue and systemic Complement activation limiting renal damage and fibrosis. By microarray analysis, we identified 711 and 913 differentially expressed genes with a fold change >2 and a false discovery rate <0.05 in endotoxemic pigs and PMMA-CVVH treated-animals, respectively. The most modulated genes were Granzyme B, Complement Factor B, Complement Component 4 Binding Protein Alpha, IL-12, and SERPINB-1 that were closely related to sepsis-induced immunological process. Our data suggest that PMMA-based CVVH can efficiently modulate immunological dysfunction in LPS-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Picerno
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Medica
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Lorenzin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
| | - Monica Zanella
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Toll-Like Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension. A Forthcoming Immune-Driven Theory in Full Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073451. [PMID: 33810594 PMCID: PMC8037648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a highly heterogenous disease with a complex etiology. Recent evidence highlights the significant contribution of subclinical inflammation, triggered and sustained by excessive innate immune system activation in the pathogenesis of the disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implied as novel effectors in this inflammatory environment since they can significantly stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), facilitating a low-intensity inflammatory background that is evident from the very early stages of hypertension. Furthermore, the net result of their activation is oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and finally, vascular target organ damage, which forms the pathogenetic basis of EH. Importantly, evidence of augmented TLR expression and activation in hypertension has been documented not only in immune but also in several non-immune cells located in the central nervous system, the kidneys, and the vasculature which form the pathogenetic core systems operating in hypertensive disease. In this review, we will try to highlight the contribution of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of hypertension by clarifying the deleterious role of TLR signaling in promoting inflammation and facilitating hypertensive vascular damage.
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24
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Combined protective effects of icariin and selenomethionine on novel chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy models in vivo and in vitro. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:12-22. [PMID: 33663624 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy (CTIN) is one of the most common kidney diseases. However, treatment for CTIN has multiple limits. Adjuvant therapy through nutritional regulation has become a hot research topic at present. Icariin (ICA), an extraction of Chinese herbal medicine epimedium, has many pharmacological functions including anti-inflammation and tonifying kidney. Selenomethionine (SeMet) possesses the effects of antioxidant and lightening nephrotoxicity. However, little is known about the combined nephroprotection of them. This study was investigated to evaluate the joint effects of ICA and SeMet on CTIN and explore the mechanism. Based on a novel CTIN model developed in our previous study, mice were randomly divided into five groups (a: control; b: model; c: model + ICA; d: model + SeMet; e: model + ICA + SeMet). Renal tubule epithelial cells were treated with cyclosporine A and ochratoxin A without/with ICA or/and SeMet. The results showed that ICA or/and SeMet ameliorated CTIN by inhibiting the uptrends of blood urine nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine protein, urine gravity, histopathological damage degree and collagen I deposition. ICA or/and SeMet also increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and α-smooth muscle actin. Emphatically, ICA and SeMet joint had better nephroprotection than alone in most indexes including fibrosis. Furthermore, ICA and SeMet joint decreased the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NFκB pathway induced by CTIN. TLR4 overexpression counteracted the joint protection of ICA and SeMet. Therefore, ICA and SeMet in combination could protect against CTIN through blocking TLR4/NFκB pathway. The study will provide novel insights to explore an adjuvant therapeutic orientation.
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25
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Martos-Rus C, Katz-Greenberg G, Lin Z, Serrano E, Whitaker-Menezes D, Domingo-Vidal M, Roche M, Ramaswamy K, Hooper DC, Falkner B, Martinez Cantarin MP. Macrophage and adipocyte interaction as a source of inflammation in kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2974. [PMID: 33536542 PMCID: PMC7859223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, adipose tissue derived inflammation is associated with unfavorable metabolic consequences. Uremic inflammation is prevalent and contributes to detrimental outcomes. However, the contribution of adipose tissue inflammation in uremia has not been characterized. We studied the contribution of adipose tissue to uremic inflammation in-vitro, in-vivo and in human samples. Exposure to uremic serum resulted in activation of inflammatory pathways including NFκB and HIF1, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and catabolism with lipolysis, and lactate production. Also, co-culture of adipocytes with macrophages primed by uremic serum resulted in higher inflammatory cytokine expression than adipocytes exposed only to uremic serum. Adipose tissue of end stage renal disease subjects revealed increased macrophage infiltration compared to controls after BMI stratification. Similarly, mice with kidney disease recapitulated the inflammatory state observed in uremic patients and additionally demonstrated increased peripheral monocytes and inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMS). In contrast, adipose tissue in uremic IL-6 knock out mice showed reduced ATMS density compared to uremic wild-type controls. Differences in ATMS density highlight the necessary role of IL-6 in macrophage infiltration in uremia. Uremia promotes changes in adipocytes and macrophages enhancing production of inflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate an interaction between uremic activated macrophages and adipose tissue that augments inflammation in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martos-Rus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Goni Katz-Greenberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eurico Serrano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | | | | | - Megan Roche
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kavitha Ramaswamy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Douglas C Hooper
- Cancer Biology and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bonita Falkner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Maria P Martinez Cantarin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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26
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Vázquez-Carballo C, Guerrero-Hue M, García-Caballero C, Rayego-Mateos S, Opazo-Ríos L, Morgado-Pascual JL, Herencia-Bellido C, Vallejo-Mudarra M, Cortegano I, Gaspar ML, de Andrés B, Egido J, Moreno JA. Toll-Like Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020816. [PMID: 33467524 PMCID: PMC7830297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy is limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including increased risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. However, there are no specific treatments to decrease the adverse consequences of AKI. Epidemiological and preclinical studies show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also in the progression to chronic kidney disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the inflammatory response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason, a number of anti-inflammatory agents targeting TLRs have been analyzed in preclinical studies to decrease renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4, in the initiation and development of AKI as well as novel compounds targeting these molecules to diminish kidney injury associated to this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vázquez-Carballo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Melania Guerrero-Hue
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Carmen Herencia-Bellido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
| | - Mercedes Vallejo-Mudarra
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Isabel Cortegano
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; (I.C.); (M.L.G.); (B.d.A.)
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.V.-C.); (S.R.-M.); (L.O.-R.); (C.H.-B.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (J.E.); +34-957-218039 (J.A.M.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.G.-H.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.M.-P.); (M.V.-M.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 140471 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.E.); (J.A.M.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (J.E.); +34-957-218039 (J.A.M.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin A (CHGA) is an index granin protein critical for biogenesis and exocytotic release of catecholamine storage granules. It is elevated in plasma of patients with sympathetic over-activity and kidney dysfunction. Several CHGA polymorphisms are associated with hypertensive kidney disease. Previously, we unraveled the molecular mechanism by which CHGA expression is regulated in African Americans carrying a genetic variation associated with hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHOD Experimental CKD mouse model were created by 5/6th nephrectomy (Npx) using wild-type and Chga-/- knockout mouse strains to delineate the role of CHGA in CKD. RESULT Wild-type-Npx mice expressing Chga developed exacerbated azotemia and fibrosis as compared with their knockout-Npx counterparts. Gene expression profiling revealed downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes genes consistent with maladaptive mitochondria in wild-type-Npx mice, contrasted to knockout-Npx. In healthy individuals, an inverse relationship between circulating CHGA levels and glomerular function was observed. In vitro, mesangial cells treated with CHGA-triggered nitric oxide release by a signaling mechanism involving scavenger receptor SR-A. The CHGA-treated and untreated mesangial cells displayed differential expression of cytokine, chemokine, complement, acute phase inflammatory and apoptotic pathway genes. Thus, build-up of plasma CHGA because of kidney injury served as an insult to the mesangial cells resulting in expression of genes promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and progression of CKD. CONCLUSION These findings improve understanding of the role of elevated CHGA in the progression of CKD and reveal novel pathways that could be exploited for therapeutic strategies in hypertensive kidney disease.
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28
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Braun F, Rinschen M, Buchner D, Bohl K, Plagmann I, Bachurski D, Richard Späth M, Antczak P, Göbel H, Klein C, Lackmann J, Kretz O, Puelles VG, Wahba R, Hallek M, Schermer B, Benzing T, Huber TB, Beyer A, Stippel D, Kurschat CE, Müller R. The proteomic landscape of small urinary extracellular vesicles during kidney transplantation. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12026. [PMID: 33304478 PMCID: PMC7710132 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred renal replacement therapy available. Yet, long-term transplant survival is unsatisfactory, partially due to insufficient possibilities of longitudinal monitoring and understanding of the biological processes after transplantation. Small urinary extracellular vesicles (suEVs) - as a non-invasive source of information - were collected from 22 living donors and recipients. Unbiased proteomic analysis revealed temporal patterns of suEV protein signature and cellular processes involved in both early response and longer-term graft adaptation. Complement activation was among the most dynamically regulated components. This unique atlas of the suEV proteome is provided through an online repository allowing dynamic interrogation by the user. Additionally, a correlative analysis identified putative prognostic markers of future allograft function. One of these markers - phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) - could be confirmed using targeted MS in an independent validation cohort of 22 additional patients. This study sheds light on the impact of kidney transplantation on urinary extracellular vesicle content and allows the first deduction of early molecular processes in transplant biology. Beyond that our data highlight the potential of suEVs as a source of biomarkers in this setting.
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29
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Dusabimana T, Kim SR, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy response. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101089. [PMID: 32987187 PMCID: PMC7568185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a critical risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease. Activation of purinergic receptors, including P2Y2R has been associated with the pathogenesis of renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney and glomerulonephritis. However, the role of P2Y2R and its precise mechanisms in DN remain unknown. We hypothesised that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in DN by modulating the autophagy signalling pathway. METHODS We used a mouse model of DN by combining a treatment of high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy in wild-type or P2Y2R knockout mice. We measured renal functional parameter in plasma, examined renal histology, and analysed expression of autophagy regulatory proteins. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia and ATP release were induced in wild type-DN mice and positively correlated with renal dysfunction. Conversely, P2Y2R knockout markedly attenuates albuminuria, podocyte loss, development of glomerulopathy, renal tubular injury, apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis induced by DN. These protective effects were associated with inhibition of AKT-mediated FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a) phosphorylation and induction of FOXO3a-induced autophagy gene transcription. Furthermore, inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK-1 was decreased, and the downstream Beclin-1 autophagy signalling was activated in P2Y2R deficiency. Increased SIRT-1 (sirtuin-1) and FOXO3a expression in P2Y2R deficiency also enhanced autophagy response, thereby ameliorating renal dysfunction in DN. CONCLUSIONS P2Y2R contributes to the pathogenesis of DN by impairing autophagy and serves as a therapeutic target for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
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30
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A High Phosphorus Diet Impairs Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092624. [PMID: 32872125 PMCID: PMC7551469 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a serious complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occurs due to insufficient excretion of phosphorus during failure of renal function. Both CKD and an excessive phosphorus intake have been reported to increase oxidative stress and result in poor male fertility, but little is known about the reproductive function of the CKD under a poorly controlled phosphate intake. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 66) were randomly divided into four groups: a sham operation group received a chow diet as control (SC group, n = 14), CKD-induced mice received a chow diet (CKDC group, n = 16), control mice received a high phosphorus (HP) diet (SP group, n = 16), and CKD-induced mice received a HP diet (CKDP group, n = 20). CKD was induced by performing a 5/6 nephrectomy. The chow diet contained 0.6% phosphorus, while the HP diet contained 2% phosphorus. Impaired testicular function and semen quality found in the CKD model may result from increased oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and inflammation. The HP diet aggravated the negative effects of testicular damage in the CKD-induced mice.
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Wakashin H, Heymann J, Roshanravan H, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Rosenberg A, Shin MK, Hoek M, Kopp JB. APOL1 renal risk variants exacerbate podocyte injury by increasing inflammatory stress. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:371. [PMID: 32854642 PMCID: PMC7450955 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein L1, APOL1, is a trypanosome lytic factor present in human and certain other primates. APOL1 gene variants, present in individuals of recent sub-Saharan African descent, increase risk for glomerular disease and associate with the disease progression, but the molecular mechanisms have not been defined. Objectives We focus on the mechanism how APOL1 variant proteins enhance podocyte injury in the stressed kidney. Methods First, we investigated the expression of APOL1 protein isoform and the localization of APOL1 protein in the kidney. Next, we examined the role of APOL1 in the podocyte stress and the inflammatory signaling in the kidney after hemi-nephrectomy. Results We identified a novel RNA variant that lacks a secretory pathway signal sequence and we found that the predicted APOL1-B3 protein isoform was expressed in human podocytes in vivo and by BAC-APOL1 transgenic mice. APOL1-B3-G2 transgenic mice, carrying a renal risk variant, manifested podocyte injury and increased pro-IL-1β mRNA in isolated glomeruli and increased IL-1β production in the remnant kidney after uninephrectomy. APOL1-B3 interacted with NLRP12, a key regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Conclusions These results suggest a possible mechanism for podocyte injury by which one of the APOL1 protein isoforms, APOL1-B3 and its renal risk variants, enhances inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Jurgen Heymann
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA
| | | | - Avi Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myung Kyun Shin
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck and Company, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Maze Therapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, KDB, 10 Center Dr, 3N116, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1268, USA.
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Poli G, Fabi C, Bellet MM, Costantini C, Nunziangeli L, Romani L, Brancorsini S. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165758. [PMID: 32796686 PMCID: PMC7460952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-activating complexes called inflammasomes. Different types of inflammasomes have been identified that can respond to distinct bacterial, viral or fungal infections; sterile cell damage or other stressors, such as metabolic imbalances. Epigenetic regulation has been recently suggested to provide a complementary mechanism to control inflammasome activity. This regulation can be exerted through at least three main mechanisms, including CpG DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and noncoding RNA expression. The repression or promotion of expression of different inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12 and AIM2) through epigenetic mechanisms determines the development of pathologies with variable severity. For example, our team recently explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting and modulating the components of the inflammasome as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer and during therapy. This suggests that the epigenetic control of inflammasome-related genes could represent a potential target for further investigations of molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Poli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-202-820
| | - Consuelo Fabi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Luisa Nunziangeli
- Polo d’Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Brancorsini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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Oliveira KC, Zambom FFF, Albino AH, Alarcon Arias SC, Ávila VF, Faustino VD, Malheiros DMAC, Camara NOS, Fujihara CK, Zatz R. NF-κB blockade during short-term l-NAME and salt overload strongly attenuates the late development of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F215-F228. [PMID: 32463727 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00495.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) plus a high-salt diet (HS) is a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by marked hypertension and renal injury. With cessation of treatment, most of these changes subside, but progressive renal injury develops, associated with persistent low-grade renal inflammation. We investigated whether innate immunity, and in particular the NF-κB system, is involved in this process. Male Munich-Wistar rats received HS + l-NAME (32 mg·kg-1·day-1), whereas control rats received HS only. Treatment was ceased after week 4 when 30 rats were studied. Additional rats were studied at week 8 (n = 30) and week 28 (n = 30). As expected, HS + l-NAME promoted severe hypertension, albuminuria, and renal injury after 4 wk of treatment, whereas innate immunity activation was evident. After discontinuation of treatments, partial regression of renal injury and inflammation occurred, along with persistence of innate immunity activation at week 8. At week 28, glomerular injury worsened, while renal inflammation persisted and renal innate immunity remained activated. Temporary administration of the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, in concomitancy with the early 4-wk HS + l-NAME treatment, prevented the development of late renal injury and inflammation, an effect that lasted until the end of the study. Early activation of innate immunity may be crucial to the initiation of renal injury in the HS + l-NAME model and to the autonomous progression of chronic nephropathy even after cessation of the original insult. This behavior may be common to other conditions leading to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Carneiro Oliveira
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Helen Albino
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Costa Alarcon Arias
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Ferreira Ávila
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Dias Faustino
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Kazue Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lee H, Fessler MB, Qu P, Heymann J, Kopp JB. Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:270. [PMID: 32660446 PMCID: PMC7358194 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory 'M1' and anti-inflammatory 'M2' states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jurgen Heymann
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Zhao T, Zhang H, Yin X, Zhao H, Ma L, Yan M, Peng L, Wang Q, Dong X, Li P. Tangshen formula modulates gut Microbiota and reduces gut-derived toxins in diabetic nephropathy rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110325. [PMID: 32535383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is linked with intestinal dysbiosis from gut-derived toxins. Tangshen Formula (TSF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used to treat DKD. In this study, streptozotocin injection and uninephrectomy-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model was established to explore the impact of TSF on gut microbiota composition, gut-derived toxins, and the downstream inflammatory pathway of urotoxins in the kidney. TSF treatment for 12 weeks showed significant attenuation of both renal histologic injuries and urinary excretion of albumin compared with DN rats without treatment. TSF treatment also reconstructed gut dysbiosis and reduced levels of indoxyl sulfate and metabolic endotoxemia/lipopolysaccharide. MCP-1 and TNF-α were decreased by TSF both in the serum and kidney. In addition, we revealed that the inhibitory effect of TSF on renal inflammation was associated with the inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon, a receptor of indoxyl sulfate, and TLR4, thereby inhibiting JNK and NF-κB signaling in the kidney. Spearman correlation analysis found that a cluster of gut bacterial phyla and genera were significantly correlated with renal pathology, renal function, and systemic inflammation. In conclusion, orally administered TSF significantly inhibited diabetic renal injury, and modulated gut microbiota, which decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide and indoxyl sulfate, and attenuated renal inflammation. Our results indicate that TSF may be used as an agent in the prevention of gut dysbiosis and elimination of intestinal toxins in DN individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - HaoJun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - HaiLing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - MeiHua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Kurata A, Tachibana Y, Takahashi T, Horiba N. Novel AXL-specific inhibitor ameliorates kidney dysfunction through the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232055. [PMID: 32324796 PMCID: PMC7179907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases affect more than 800 million people globally and remain a high unmet need. Various therapeutic targets are currently under evaluation in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Because the growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6)/AXL pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, we generated a novel selective and potent AXL inhibitor, CH5451098, and we evaluated its efficacy and elucidated its mechanism in an NEP25 mouse model that follows the clinical course of glomerular nephritis. In this model, CH5451098 significantly ameliorated the excretion of urinary albumin and elevation of serum creatinine. Additionally, it also inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis and tubular damage. To elucidate the mechanism behind these changes, we analyzed the effect of CH5451098 against transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Gas6, which is a ligand of AXL receptor, in NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells. CH5451098 inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by the synergistic effects of TGFβ1 and Gas6 in NRK-52E cells. This inhibition was also observed in NEP25 mice. Taken together, these results suggest that CH5451098 could ameliorate kidney dysfunction in glomerular nephritis by inhibiting EMT in tubular cells. These results reveal that AXL strongly contributes to the disease progression of glomerular nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Kurata
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yukako Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Takahashi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Horiba
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Keshawy MM, Abdel Aal SM, Mahmoud YK. Infliximab ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha exacerbated renal insulin resistance induced in rats by regulating insulin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172959. [PMID: 32004528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is known to restore blood glucose homeostasis. However, its effects on improving renal insulin resistance (IR) are not yet studied. So we investigate the impact of infliximab on renal insulin signaling pathway in IR rat model regarding to metformin (MET). The induced IR was confirmed by a high oral glucose tolerance test, an elevation of lipid profile and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR 2) values. Subsequently, IR rats were concurrently treated with either MET (100 mg/kg/day) or IFX (one dose 5 mg/kg) besides IR and normal control (NC) groups. Four weeks later, IR control rats displayed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and elevation in HOMA-IR 2, renal function markers and renal tissue TNF-α, interleukins-1β and 6 (Il-1β, IL-6) and suppressor of cytokines signaling 3 (SOCS3) contents as well as glomerulosclerosis when compared to NC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation of renal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were markedly impaired. Treatment with either MET or IFX significantly improved IR and kidney functions. The effects of the drugs were achieved by the downregulation of renal inflammatory cytokines and SOCS3 levels and the amelioration of the renal IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, MET and IFX ameliorated the TNF-α worsening effect on IR in rat renal tissues by regulating insulin signaling. Interestingly, infliximab was superior to metformin in regulating insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, infliximab could be used as an adjuvant therapy in improving renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Keshawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, 41522, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Department of Histology& Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α enhanced the antifibrotic effect of empagliflozin in an animal model with renal insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:45-54. [PMID: 31933108 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as one of the main risk factors for renal fibrosis (RF) that represents a common stage in almost all chronic kidney disease. The present study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of empagliflozin (EMPA "a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor") and infliximab [IFX "a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody"] on RF in rats with induced IR. IR was induced by adding 10% fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks. Thereafter, fructose-induced IR rats were concurrently treated with EMPA (30 mg/kg), IFX (1 dose 5 mg/kg), or EMPA + IFX for 4 weeks, in addition to IR control group (received 10% fructose in water) and normal control (NC) group. Rats with IR displayed hyperglycemia, deterioration in kidney functions, glomerulosclerosis, and collagen fiber deposition in renal tissues as compared to NC. This was associated with downregulation of the renal sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) expression along with higher renal tissue TNF-α and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. Both EMPA and IFX significantly modulated the aforementioned fibrotic cytokines, upregulated the renal Sirt 1 expression, and attenuated RF compared to IR control group. Of note, IFX effect was superior to that of EMPA. However, the combination of EMPA and IFX alleviated RF to a greater extent surpassing the monotherapy. This may be attributed to the further upregulation of renal Sirt 1 in addition to the downregulation of fibrotic cytokines. These findings suggest that the combination of EMPA and IFX offers additional benefits and may represent a promising therapeutic option for RF.
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Sharma TP, Curry S, McDowell CM. Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition on Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Signaling in the Human Trabecular Meshwork. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:170-178. [PMID: 31834824 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) crosstalk have been implicated in extracellular matrix regulation in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and ocular hypertension in mice. We investigated TLR4 expression in normal and glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork (HTM) sections and utilized a human perfusion organ culture model to determine TGFβ2-TLR4 signaling crosstalk in glaucoma. Methods: Expression of TLR4 was determined in TM of normal and glaucomatous human eyes. Anterior segments of paired human eyes were perfused at a constant flow rate (2.5 μL/min) for 4 days to acquire stable baseline intraocular pressures (IOPs). We treated paired eyes with two different treatment paradigms: (1) TGFβ2 in one eye and vehicle control in the paired eye, (2) TGFβ2 in one eye and TGFβ2 + TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 in the paired eye. Perfusate and TM tissue were collected and analyzed for fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (COLIV) expression. Results: We observed increased TLR4 expression in glaucomatous HTM sections compared to normal (age-matched) (P < 0.05). Significant elevation of IOP was detected in 47% of TGFβ2-treated anterior segments (P < 0.01) compared to control, and in TGFβ2 treated compared with co-treatment with TGFβ2 + TLR4 inhibitor (P < 0.0001). An increase in FN and COLIV expression was observed after TGFβ2 treatment, and inhibition of TLR4 signaling decreased TGFβ2-induced FN and COLIV expression in perfusate (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These studies identify TGFβ2-TLR4 crosstalk as a novel pathway in glaucoma. They provide a potential new target to lower IOP and explore glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem P Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Stacy Curry
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Colleen M McDowell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Van Beusecum JP, Zhang S, Beltran E, Cook AK, Tobin RP, Newell-Rogers MK, Inscho EW. Antagonism of major histocompatibility complex class II invariant chain peptide during chronic lipopolysaccharide treatment rescues autoregulatory behavior. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F957-F966. [PMID: 31432707 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation contributes to vascular dysfunction in pathological conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, but the role of chronic TLR4 activation on renal autoregulatory behavior is unknown. We hypothesized that subclinical TLR4 stimulation with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion increases TLR4 activation and blunts renal autoregulatory behavior. We assessed afferent arteriolar autoregulatory behavior in male Sprague-Dawley rats after prolonged LPS (0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sq) infusion via osmotic minipump for 8 or 14 days. Some rats also received daily cotreatment with either anti-TLR4 antibody (1 μg ip), competitive antagonist peptide (CAP; 3 mg/kg ip) or tempol (2 mmol/l, drinking water) throughout the 8-day LPS treatment period. Autoregulatory behavior was assessed using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Selected physiological measures, systolic blood pressure and baseline diameters were normal and similar across groups. Pressure-dependent vasoconstriction averaged 72 ± 2% of baseline in sham rats, indicating intact autoregulatory behavior. Eight-day LPS-treated rats exhibited significantly impaired pressure-mediated vasoconstriction (96 ± 1% of baseline), whereas it was preserved in rats that received anti-TLR4 antibody (75 ± 3%), CAP (84 ± 2%), or tempol (82 ± 2%). Using a 14-day LPS (0.1 mg·kg-1·day-1 sq) intervention protocol, CAP treatment started on day 7, where autoregulatory behavior is already impaired. Systolic blood pressures were normal across all treatment groups. Fourteen-day LPS treatment retained the autoregulatory impairment (95 ± 2% of baseline). CAP intervention starting on day 7 rescued pressure-mediated vasoconstriction with diameters decreasing to 85 ± 1% of baseline. These data demonstrate that chronic subclinical TLR4 activation impairs afferent arteriolar autoregulatory behavior through mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species and major histocompatibility complex class II activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shali Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Estevan Beltran
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, California
| | - Anthony K Cook
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard P Tobin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Medical Physiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Edward W Inscho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Therapeutic Approaches in Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Autophagy in Uremic Cachexia: Role of Aerobic Exercise. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2789014. [PMID: 31530994 PMCID: PMC6721269 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2789014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes several systemic changes, including muscular homeostasis, and eventually results in muscle atrophy. CKD-induced muscle atrophy is highly prevalent, and exercise is well known to enhance muscle function in these cases, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to assess whether the protective effect of aerobic exercise in 5/6 nephrectomized (CKD) mice is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, or inflammation. C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 3 different experimental groups: Sham, CKD, and CKD+aerobic exercise (CKD+AE). Renal function was assessed via serum creatinine and urea levels, and histological PAS and Masson staining were performed. Muscle wasting was determined based on grip strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), and MyHC protein expression. We also measured mitochondrial dysfunction in mice by assessing mtDNA, ROS, ATP production, and mitochondrial configuration. Autophagy was determined via assessments for Atg7, LC3, and SQSTM1 on western blotting. Inflammation was identified via proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components using real-time PCR and western blotting. We found that CKD mice exhibited higher BUN and creatinine levels and more severe glomerulosclerosis in the glomeruli and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, relative to the Sham group; all these effects were relieved by aerobic exercise. Moreover, grip strength, CSA, and MyHC protein expression were improved after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Furthermore, aerobic exercise significantly decreased MDA levels, increased SOD2 activity and ATP production, and improved mitochondrial configuration, relative to the CKD group. In addition, aerobic exercise downregulated the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components and balanced the mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy-lysosomal system. Thus, we observed that aerobic exercise may ameliorate CKD-induced muscle wasting by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagy-lysosomal system in uremic cachexia.
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Castellano G, Stasi A, Franzin R, Sallustio F, Divella C, Spinelli A, Netti GS, Fiaccadori E, Cantaluppi V, Crovace A, Staffieri F, Lacitignola L, Grandaliano G, Simone S, Pertosa GB, Gesualdo L. LPS-Binding Protein Modulates Acute Renal Fibrosis by Inducing Pericyte-to-Myofibroblast Trans-Differentiation through TLR-4 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153682. [PMID: 31357597 PMCID: PMC6696277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During sepsis, the increased synthesis of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) activates LPS/TLR4 signaling in renal resident cells, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Pericytes are the major source of myofibroblasts during chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their involvement in AKI is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pericyte-to-myofibroblast trans-differentiation (PMT) in sepsis-induced AKI. In a swine model of sepsis-induced AKI, PMT was detected within 9 h from LPS injection, as evaluated by the reduction of physiologic PDGFRβ expression and the dysfunctional α-SMA increase in peritubular pericytes. The therapeutic intervention by citrate-based coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) significantly reduced LBP, TGF-β, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) serum levels, and furthermore preserved PDGFRβ and decreased α-SMA expression in renal biopsies. In vitro, both LPS and septic sera led to PMT with a significant increase in Collagen I synthesis and α-SMA reorganization in contractile fibers by both SMAD2/3-dependent and -independent TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, the removal of LBP from septic plasma inhibited PMT. Finally, LPS-stimulated pericytes secreted LBP and TGF-β and underwent PMT also upon TGF-β receptor-blocking, indicating the crucial pro-fibrotic role of TLR4 signaling. Our data demonstrate that the selective removal of LBP may represent a therapeutic option to prevent PMT and the development of acute renal fibrosis in sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Divella
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Spinelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Veterinary Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Simone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Pertosa
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Chen Z, Gao X, Jiao Y, Qiu Y, Wang A, Yu M, Che F, Li S, Liu J, Li J, Zhang H, Yu C, Li G, Gao Y, Pan L, Sun W, Guo J, Cao B, Zhu Y, Xu H. Tanshinone IIA Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Regulating Effects on Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Partially via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:850. [PMID: 31402870 PMCID: PMC6677033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a lipophilic constituent from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has shown a promising cardioprotective effect including anti-atherosclerosis. This study aims at exploring Tan IIA’s anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating roles in stabilizing vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Methods: Male ApoE−/− mice (6 weeks) were fed with a high-fat diet for 13 weeks and then randomized to the model group (MOD) or Tan IIA groups [high dose: 90 mg/kg/day (HT), moderate dose: 30 mg/kg/day (MT), low dose: 10 mg/kg/day (LT)] or the atorvastatin group (5 mg/kg/day, ATO) for 13 weeks. Male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) were fed with ordinary rodent chow as control. The plaque stability was evaluated according to the morphology and composition of aortic atherosclerotic (AS) plaque in H&E staining and Movat staining sections by calculating the area of extracellular lipid, collagenous fiber, and foam cells to the plaque. The expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway in aorta fractions was determined by immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of blood lipid were measured by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected by cytometric bead array. Results: Tan IIA stabilized aortic plaque with a striking reduction in the area of extracellular lipid (ATO: 13.15 ± 1.2%, HT: 12.2 ± 1.64%, MT: 13.93 ± 1.59%, MOD: 18.84 ± 1.46%, P < 0.05) or foam cells (ATO: 16.05 ± 1.26%, HT: 14.88 ± 1.79%, MT: 16.61 ± 1.47%, MOD: 22.08 ± 1.69%, P < 0.05) to the plaque, and an evident increase in content of collagenous fiber (ATO: 16.22 ± 1.91%, HT: 17.58 ± 1.33%, MT: 15.71 ± 2.26%, LT:14.92 ± 1.65%, MOD: 9.61 ± 0.7%, P < 0.05) to the plaque than that in the model group, concomitant with down-regulation of the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65, and serum level of MCP-1 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. There were no differences in serum TC, LDL, HDL, or TG levels between ApoE–/– mice and those treated with atorvastatin. Conclusions: These results suggest that Tan IIA could stabilize vulnerable AS plaque in ApoE−/− mice, and this anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effect may be achieved via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Internal medicine, Tieying Hospital of Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meili Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyuan Che
- Cardiovascular Department, Beijing hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi branch, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Graduate school, China Academy of Chinese Medical, Beijing, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changan Yu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Pan
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Guo
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Li D, Luo E. Telbivudine antagonizes TLR4 to inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105683. [PMID: 31220697 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The antiviral drug Telbivudine (LdT) has an extrahepatic pharmaceutical effect that improves renal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the exact mechanism of action requires further investigation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in several physiological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, innate immunity, and hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the characteristic pathological change in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In this study, we used transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to stimulate human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells to investigate the effects of LdT in EMT. In addition, we treated HK-2 cells with a TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide, to determine the effect of LdT on TLR4. The results indicated that LdT inhibited the expression of TLR4 and its downstream proteins. It also decreased the release of inflammatory factors, downregulated the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and reversed the EMT changes seen in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, LdT antagonized TLR4 to inhibit EMT in proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Enjie Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
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45
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Xu Z, Zou C, Yu W, Xu S, Huang L, Khan Z, Wang J, Liang G, Wang Y. Inhibition of STAT3 activation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 attenuates angiotensin II-induced renal fibrosis and dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2627-2641. [PMID: 30958891 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension adversely affects the kidney and is the second leading cause of kidney failure. Overproduction of angiotensin II greatly contributes to the progression of hypertensive kidney disease. Angiotensin II has recently been shown to activate STAT3 in cardiovascular cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of STAT3 activation by angiotensin II and downstream functional consequences in the kidneys are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were treated with angiotensin II by subcutaneous infusion for 1 month to develop nephropathy. Mice were treated with either adeno-associated virus expressing STAT3 shRNA or STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201. Human archival kidney samples from five patients with hypertension and five individuals without hypertension were also examined. In vitro, STAT3 was blocked using siRNA or STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 in the renal proximal tubular cell line, NRK52E, after exposure to angiotensin II. KEY RESULTS Angiotensin II activated STAT3 in kidney epithelial cells through engaging toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and JAK2, which was independent of IL-6/gp130 and angiotensin AT1 receptors. Angiotensin II-mediated STAT3 activation increased fibrotic proteins and resulted in renal dysfunction. Both STAT3 inhibition by the low MW compound S3I-201 and TLR4 deficiency normalized renal fibrosis and dysfunction caused by Ang II in mice, without affecting hypertension. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism of STAT3 activation, induced by angiotensin II, in kidney tissues and highlights a translational significance of a STAT3 inhibitor as potential therapeutic agent for hypertensive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sujing Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zia Khan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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46
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Li J, Tan YJ, Wang MZ, Sun Y, Li GY, Wang QL, Yao JC, Yue J, Liu Z, Zhang GM, Ren YS. Loganetin protects against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by modulating the toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1106-1121. [PMID: 30706443 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapid renal dysfunctional disease, for which no effective drugs or therapies are available to improve prognosis. Loganetin is a natural product with unknown bioactivities. Here, we identified a new protective effect and mechanism of Loganetin in a mouse model of AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AKI was induced using glycerol by i.m. injection in mice models. Thirty minutes and 24 and 48 hr after injection of glycerol, the mice received 2 and 18 mg·kg-1 of Loganetin i.p. respectively. Then mice blood and kidney were collected for various biochemical and histopathological studies. Mechanistic studies on modulation of AKI by Loganetin were performed using HK-2 cells and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice. KEY RESULTS In the Loganetin treated group, kidney damage and mortality rate were declined, and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were much lower. Loganetin prevented damage to the tubular structures induced by glycerol and decreased apoptotic cells at the corticomedullary junction. In HK-2 cells, Loganetin could inhibit NF-κB pathway and pro-apoptotic genes expression. However, TLR4 was silenced by a specific shRNA, and the inhibitory effect of Loganetin in HK-2 cells vanished. Loganetin also down-regulated the expression of inflammation factors by suppressing TLR4 activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS All the results suggested that TLR4 plays a critical role in AKI development, and Loganetin ameliorates AKI by inhibiting TLR4 activity and blocking the JNK/p38 pathway, which provides a new strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Wang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guang-Yan Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jing-Chun Yao
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation of Lunan Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jiang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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Hung TV, Wanatanbe J, Yonejima Y, Hisa K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Exopolysaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides attenuate chronic kidney disease in mice by protecting the intestinal barrier. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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48
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Jin LW, Pan M, Ye HY, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Huang WW, Xu XY, Zheng SB. Down-regulation of the long non-coding RNA XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy via the miR-217-TLR4 pathway. Exp Physiol 2018; 104:220-230. [PMID: 30414341 DOI: 10.1113/ep087190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the role of the long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), which is up-regulated in injured podocytes and membranous nephropathy, in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy? What is the main finding and its importance? XIST was up-regulated in kidney tissue with membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Down-regulation of XIST inhibited podocyte apoptosis. XIST negatively regulated miR-217, and miR-217 modulated Toll-like receptor 4. Inhibition of XIST suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by angiotensin II via miR-217. ABSTRACT Membranous nephropathy is often characterized by glomerular podocyte injury. Up-regulation of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) has been verified in membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Here the role of XIST in podocyte injury and membranous nephropathy was explored. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of XIST and miR-217, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein, respectively. Podocyte apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry. Interaction between XIST and miR-217 was analysed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assay. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interplay between miR-217 and TLR4. Up-regulation of the lncRNA XIST and angiotensin II (Ang II) and kidney and podocyte injury were indicated in kidney tissue of patients with membranous nephropathy. Increase of XIST and apoptosis were induced by Ang II in podocytes. Down-regulation of XIST reversed podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II. MiR-217 was negatively regulated by XIST. MiR-217 controlled TLR4 by targeting its 3'-untranslated region. XIST modulated TLR4 through miR-217 and inhibition of XIST reduced podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II via regulating miR-217. Down-regulation of XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis via the miR-217-TLR4 pathway, which may improve membranous nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Han-Yang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Shu-Bei Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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Yamada Y, Harada M, Hashimoto K, Guo R, Nakajima T, Kashihara T, Yamada M, Aoyama T, Kamijo Y. Impact of chronic kidney dysfunction on serum Sulfatides and its metabolic pathway in mice. Glycoconj J 2018; 36:1-11. [PMID: 30536036 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum sulfatides are critical glycosphingolipids that are present in lipoproteins and exert anticoagulant effects. A previous study reported decreased levels of serum sulfatides in hemodialysis patients and suggested an association with cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of changes in serum sulfatides in chronic kidney dysfunction has not been well investigated. The current study examined whether a chronic kidney disease (CKD) state could decrease serum sulfatide levels using 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NCKD) mice, an established CKD murine model, and studied the mechanisms contributing to diminished sulfatides. 5/6NCKD mice and sham operation control mice were sacrificed at the 4th or 12th postoperative week (POW) for measurement of serum sulfatide levels. Hepatic sulfatide content, which is the origin of serum sulfatides, and the expression of sulfatide metabolic enzymes in liver tissue were assessed as well. The 5/6NCKD mice developed CKD and showed increased serum creatinine and indoxyl sulfate. The serum levels and hepatic amounts of sulfatides were significantly decreased in 5/6NCKD mice at both 4 and 12 POW, while the degradative enzymes of sulfatides arylsulfatase A and galactosylceramidase were significantly increased. In a Hepa1-6 murine liver cell line, indoxyl sulfate addition caused intracellular levels of sulfatides to decrease and degradative enzymes of sulfatides to increase in a manner comparable to the changes in 5/6NCKD mice liver tissue. In conclusion, chronic kidney dysfunction causes degradation of sulfatides in the liver to decrease serum sulfatide levels. One explanation of these results is that indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accelerates the degradation of sulfatides in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Hashimoto
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ran Guo
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takero Nakajima
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Agricultural Food Industry, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamijo
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
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