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Alkan AH, Ensoy M, Cansaran-Duman D. A new therapeutic strategy for luminal A-breast cancer treatment: vulpinic acid as an anti-neoplastic agent induces ferroptosis and apoptosis mechanisms. Med Oncol 2024; 41:229. [PMID: 39158808 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common invasive tumor in women, and the most common subtype of breast cancer is luminal A. Hormonal therapies are the primary treatment for luminal A, but treatment options are limited. Vulpinic acid (VA), a lichen compound, inhibited cancer cells. Here, we aimed to reveal the functional role and mechanism of VA in luminal A breast cancer. Experiments associated with the ferroptosis mechanism were performed to reveal the role of vulpinic acid on luminal A-breast cancer and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that VA induced the ferroptosis pathway by decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels while increasing lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and intracellular Fe2+ levels in MCF-7 cells. After treatment of MCF-7 cells with VA, the ferroptosis-related gene expression profile was significantly altered. Western blot analysis showed that GPX4 protein levels were down-regulated and LPCAT3 protein levels were up-regulated after VA treatment. Our study suggests that apoptosis and ferroptosis act together in VA-mediated tumor suppression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that VA, an anti-neoplastic agent, could potentially treat luminal A targeted breast cancer via the ferroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hale Alkan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mine Ensoy
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Tincu (Iurciuc) CE, Andrițoiu CV, Popa M, Ochiuz L. Recent Advancements and Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Albumin-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Treat Brain Cancer, with a Focus on Glioblastoma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3969. [PMID: 37836018 PMCID: PMC10575401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the most prevalent primary malignant tumor affecting the brain and central nervous system. Recent research indicates that the genetic profile of GBM makes it resistant to drugs and radiation. However, the main obstacle in treating GBM is transporting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Albumin is a versatile biomaterial for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The efficiency of albumin-based delivery systems is determined by their ability to improve tumor targeting and accumulation. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence of human glioblastoma and the currently adopted treatment, as well as the structure and some essential functions of the BBB, to transport drugs through this barrier. We will also mention some aspects related to the blood-tumor brain barrier (BTBB) that lead to poor treatment efficacy. The properties and structure of serum albumin were highlighted, such as its role in targeting brain tumors, as well as the progress made until now regarding the techniques for obtaining albumin nanoparticles and their functionalization, in order to overcome the BBB and treat cancer, especially human glioblastoma. The albumin drug delivery nanosystems mentioned in this paper have improved properties and can overcome the BBB to target brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia-Elena Tincu (Iurciuc)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Apitherapy Medical Center, Balanesti, Nr. 336-337, 217036 Gorj, Romania;
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Street, 86, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11, Pacurari Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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3
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Rais R, Lemberg KM, Tenora L, Arwood ML, Pal A, Alt J, Wu Y, Lam J, Aguilar JMH, Zhao L, Peters DE, Tallon C, Pandey R, Thomas AG, Dash RP, Seiwert T, Majer P, Leone RD, Powell JD, Slusher BS. Discovery of DRP-104, a tumor-targeted metabolic inhibitor prodrug. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5925. [PMID: 36383674 PMCID: PMC9668306 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine antagonist that suppresses cancer cell metabolism but concurrently enhances the metabolic fitness of tumor CD8+ T cells. DON showed promising efficacy in clinical trials; however, its development was halted by dose-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. Given its clinical potential, we designed DON peptide prodrugs and found DRP-104 [isopropyl(S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxo-hexanoate] that was preferentially bioactivated to DON in tumor while bioinactivated to an inert metabolite in GI tissues. In drug distribution studies, DRP-104 delivered a prodigious 11-fold greater exposure of DON to tumor versus GI tissues. DRP-104 affected multiple metabolic pathways in tumor, including decreased glutamine flux into the TCA cycle. In efficacy studies, both DRP-104 and DON caused complete tumor regression; however, DRP-104 had a markedly improved tolerability profile. DRP-104's effect was CD8+ T cell dependent and resulted in robust immunologic memory. DRP-104 represents a first-in-class prodrug with differential metabolism in target versus toxicity tissue. DRP-104 is now in clinical trials under the FDA Fast Track designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Lemberg
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew L. Arwood
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Arindom Pal
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenny Lam
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Diane E. Peters
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Carolyn Tallon
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rajeev Pandey
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ajit G. Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ranjeet P. Dash
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tanguy Seiwert
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 16000, Czech Republic
| | - Robert D. Leone
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Liu YY, Wang ZK, Yu SB, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhou W, Li ZT, Zhang DW. Conjugating aldoxorubicin to supramolecular organic frameworks: polymeric prodrugs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4163-4171. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase I-III clinical studies show that aldoxorubicin (AlDox), a prodrug of doxorubicin (Dox), displays superior cardiotocity over Dox, but does not demonstrate a survival benefit in the entire patients. Here...
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5
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Li G, Sun B, Zheng S, Xu L, Tao W, Zhao D, Yu J, Fu S, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhai Y, Luo C, Ding H, He Z, Sun J. Zwitterion-Driven Shape Program of Prodrug Nanoassemblies with High Stability, High Tumor Accumulation, and High Antitumor Activity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101407. [PMID: 34601824 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prodrug nanoassemblies have emerged as a promising platform for the delivery of anticancer drugs. PEGylation is a "gold standard" to improve colloidal stability and pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines. However, the clinical application of PEG materials is challenged by in vivo oxidative degradation and immunogenicity. Rational design of advanced biomaterials for the surface modification of nanomedicines is the hot spot of research. Here, a zwitterionic sulfobetaine surfactant is constructed as a novel surface modifier to coassemble with 10-hydroxycamptothecin-linoleic acid conjugate, with the classical PEGylated material as control. Interestingly, both the type and ratio of surfactants have profound impacts on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly of prodrugs, thereby affecting the pharmaceutical properties. Compared with PEGylated spherical prodrug nanoassemblies, zwitterion-modified prodrug nanoassemblies have distinct rod shape and superhydrophilic surface, and exhibit potent antitumor activity due to the combination of multiple advantages in terms of colloidal stability, cellular uptake, and pharmacokinetics. The findings illustrate the crucial role of zwitterionic surfactants as the surface modifier in the determination of in vivo fate of the prodrug nanoassemblies, and pave the way for the development of advanced nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shunzhe Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Wenhui Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shuwen Fu
- School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- School of Medical Device Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical and Engineering Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang Liaoning 110016 P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics Wuya College of Innovation Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
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6
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Kobayashi M, Kojima K, Murayama K, Amano Y, Koyama T, Ogama N, Takeshita T, Fukuhara T, Tanaka N. MK-6, a novel not-α IL-2, elicits a potent antitumor activity by improving the effector to regulatory T cell balance. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4478-4489. [PMID: 34545658 PMCID: PMC8586658 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates immune cell homeostasis. Its immunomodulatory function has been used clinically as an active immunotherapy agent for metastatic cancers. However, severe adverse effects, including the vascular leak syndrome and the preferential stimulation of anti-immunogenic Treg rather than effector T cells, have been obstacles. We newly designed a mutein IL-2, Mutakine-6 (MK-6), with reduced IL-2Rα-binding capability. MK-6 induced comparable cell growth potential toward IL-2Rβγ-positive T cells but was far less efficient in in vitro Treg proliferation and STAT5 activation. Unlike IL-2, in vivo administration of MK-6 produced minimal adverse effects. Using CT26 and B16F10-syngeneic tumor models, we found MK-6 was highly efficacious on tumor regression. Serum albumin conjugation to MK-6 prolonged in vivo half-life and accumulated in CT26 tumors, showing enhanced antitumor effect. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes analysis revealed that albumin-fused MK-6 increased the ratio of effector CD8+ T cells to CD4+ Treg cells. These results demonstrated that MK-6 is an efficient immunomodulator potentially used for improved immunotherapy with decreased adverse effects and attenuated Treg stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kobayashi
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kojima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogama
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Fukuhara
- Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.,Division of Tumor Immunobiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Yang S, Shim MK, Kim WJ, Choi J, Nam GH, Kim J, Kim J, Moon Y, Kim HY, Park J, Park Y, Kim IS, Ryu JH, Kim K. Cancer-activated doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles induce preferential immune response with minimal doxorubicin-related toxicity. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120791. [PMID: 33831739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effective chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD) and additional anticancer immune responses during chemotherapy. However, it also induces severe side effects and systemic immunosuppression, hampering its wide clinical application. Herein, we constructed cancer-activated DOX prodrug by conjugating the cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly, FRRG) to a doxorubicin (DOX), resulting in FRRG-DOX that self-assembled into cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles (CAP-NPs). The resulting CAP-NPs were further stabilized with the FDA-approved compound, Pluronic F68. CAP-NPs formed stable prodrug nanoparticles and they were specifically cleaved to cytotoxic DOX molecules only in cathepsin B-overexpressing cancer cells, inducing a cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. In particular, the CAP-NPs induced ICD through cathepsin B-cleavage mechanism only in targeted cancer cells in vitro. In colon tumor-bearing mice, selectively accumulated CAP-NPs at tumors enhanced antitumor immunity without DOX-related severe toxicity, inflammatory response and systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, cytotoxicity against immune cells infiltrated into tumor microenvironment was significantly reduced compared to free DOX, leading to increased response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The combinatorial treatment of CAP-NPs with anti-PD-L1 exhibited high rate of complete tumor regression (50%) compared to free DOX with anti-PD-L1. Concurrently, DOX-related side effects were greatly reduced during chemoimmunotherapy. Collectively, our results suggest that cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles provide a promising approach to increase clinical benefit by inducing an immune response preferentially only to targeted cancer cells, not to normal cells and immune cells, and potentiates checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles and related nanostructures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Matos CP, Addis Y, Nunes P, Barroso S, Alho I, Martins M, Matos APA, Marques F, Cavaco I, Costa Pessoa J, Correia I. Exploring the cytotoxic activity of new phenanthroline salicylaldimine Zn(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 198:110727. [PMID: 31195153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(II) complexes bearing N-salicylideneglycinate (Sal-Gly) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or phenanthroline derivatives [NN = 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-amine-1,10-phenanthroline (amphen), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) and 5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline] are synthesized. Complexes formulated as [Zn(NN)2(H2O)2]2+(NN = phen and amphen), are also prepared. The cytotoxicity of the compounds is evaluated towards a panel of human cancer cells: ovarian (A2780), breast (MCF7) and cervical (HeLa), as well as non-tumoral V79 fibroblasts. All compounds display higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin (IC50 = 22.5 ± 5.0 μM) towards ovarian cells, showing IC50values in the low micromolar range. Overall, all compounds show higher selectivity for the A2780 cells than for the non-tumoral cells and higher selectivity indexes (IC50(V79)/IC50(A2780) than cisplatin. [Zn(Sal-Gly)(NN)(H2O)] complexes induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in A2780 cells, except [Zn(Sal-Gly)(Bphen)(H2O)], one of the most cytotoxic of the series. The cellular uptake in the ovarian cells analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrometry indicates different Zn distribution profiles. Transmission electronic microscopy shows mitochondria alterations and apoptotic features consistent with caspase activation; cells incubated with [Zn(Sal-Gly)(amphen)(H2O)] present additional nuclear membrane alterations in agreement with significant association with the nucleus. The increase of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation forms could be related to apoptosis induction. [Zn(NN)2(H2O)2]2+complexes have high ability to bind DNA through intercalation/groove binding, and circular dichroism data suggests that the main type of species that interact with DNA is [Zn(NN)]2+. Studies varying the % of fetal bovine serum (1-15%) in cell media show that albumin binding decreases the complex activity, indicating that distinct speciation of Zn- and phen-containing species in cell media may affect the cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yemataw Addis
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrique Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Barroso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irina Alho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António P A Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cavaco
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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10
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Li HQ, Ye WL, Huan ML, Cheng Y, Liu DZ, Cui H, Liu M, Zhang BL, Mei QB, Zhou SY. Mitochondria and nucleus delivery of active form of 10-hydroxycamptothecin with dual shell to precisely treat colorectal cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1011-1032. [PMID: 30925116 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to deliver a ring-closed form of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) to the mitochondria and nucleus to treat colorectal cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS HCPT-loaded nanoparticle HCPT@PLGA-PEG2k-triphenylphosphonium/PLGA-hyd-PEG4k-folic acid (PT/PHF) and HCPT@PT/PLGA-SS-PEG4k-folic acid (PSF) were prepared by using emulsion-solvent evaporation method. RESULTS In vitro experimental results indicated HCPT@PT/PHF and HCPT@PT/PSF maintained a large amount of HCPT in active form, and delivered more HCPT to the nucleus and mitochondria of the tumor cell, which resulted in the enhancement of cytotoxicity of HCPT. In vivo experimental results indicated that HCPT@PT/PHF and HCPT@PT/PSF delivered more ring-closed form of HCPT to tumor tissue, which led to strong antitumor activity. CONCLUSION HCPT@PT/PHF and HCPT@PT/PSF could enhance therapeutic efficacy of HCPT to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Qiu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Meng-Lei Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Dao-Zhou Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Han Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Bang-le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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11
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Gao J, Jiang S, Zhang X, Fu Y, Liu Z. Preparation, characterization and in vitro activity of a docetaxel-albumin conjugate. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:154-160. [PMID: 30366315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel is one of the most effective anticancer drugs. However, the current formulation of docetaxel contains Tween 80 and ethanol as the solvent, which can cause severe side effects. Consequently, the development of new type of formulation of docetaxel with high efficiency and low side effects is a very important issue. In this study, we explored the covalent linking of docetaxel and albumin via one organic linker. 6-Maleimidocaproic acid was applied to link the C2' hydroxyl group of docetaxel with the cysteine-34 of albumin to obtain 1:1 docetaxel-albumin conjugate. The synthesized conjugate can control the release of docetaxel in the bovine serum. Furthermore, in vitro cell cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the docetaxel-albumin conjugate have high activities for human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The present study provides a valuable strategy for further development of a new type of docetaxel-albumin prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shougang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Pectin, beta-cyclodextrin, chitosan and albumin based gastroprotective systems for piroxicam maleate: Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:127-136. [PMID: 30340003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to optimize drug action, new drug formulations have been developed based upon the prodrug approach. This study was inspired by the increasing interest in the field of macromolecular prodrugs and Piroxicam maleate was used as a model drug. A total of five prodrugs were synthesized using beta cyclodextrin, chitosan, pectin, egg albumin, bovine serum albumin. The synthesized conjugates were characterized on the basis of UV, IR and NMR techniques. In-vitro hydrolysis studies were carried out at pH 1.2, pH 7.4, pH 9.0 and in 80% human plasma followed by in-vivo evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic potential. The extent of hydrolysis was found to be proportional to increase in pH. Beta cyclodextrin conjugate was found to possess significant analgesic activity whereas chitosan conjugate was found to be the best anti-inflammatory. Pectin conjugate provided maximum protection against ulcers.
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13
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Hrynchak I, Sousa E, Pinto M, Costa VM. The importance of drug metabolites synthesis: the case-study of cardiotoxic anticancer drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:158-196. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1316285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Serum Albumin: What Are They For? Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:39-57. [PMID: 28281231 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin is a major plasma protein in mammalian blood. The importance of this protein lies in its roles in both bioregulation and transport phenomena. Serum albumin binds various metal ions and participates in the transport and storage of fatty acids, bilirubin, steroids amino acids, and many other ligands, usually with regions of hydrophobic surface. Although the primary role of serum albumin is to transport various ligand, its versatile binding capacities and high concentration mean that it can assume a number of additional functions. The major goal of this article is to show how intrinsic disorder is encoded in the amino acid sequence of serum albumin, and how intrinsic disorder is related to functions of this important serum protein.
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15
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Role of pH-responsiveness in the design of chitosan-based cancer nanotherapeutics: A review. Biointerphases 2016; 11:04B201. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4944661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Targeted drug delivery through the traceless release of tertiary and heteroaryl amines from antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Chem 2016; 8:1112-1119. [PMID: 27874860 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The reversible attachment of a small-molecule drug to a carrier for targeted delivery can improve pharmacokinetics and the therapeutic index. Previous studies have reported the delivery of molecules that contain primary and secondary amines via an amide or carbamate bond; however, the ability to employ tertiary-amine-containing bioactive molecules has been elusive. Here we describe a bioreversible linkage based on a quaternary ammonium that can be used to connect a broad array of tertiary and heteroaryl amines to a carrier protein. Using a concise, protecting-group-free synthesis we demonstrate the chemoselective modification of 12 complex molecules that contain a range of reactive functional groups. We also show the utility of this connection with both protease-cleavable and reductively cleavable antibody-drug conjugates that were effective and stable in vitro and in vivo. Studies with a tertiary-amine-containing antibiotic show that the resulting antibody-antibiotic conjugate provided appropriate stability and release characteristics and led to an unexpected improvement in activity over the conjugates previously connected via a carbamate.
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17
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Yang Y, Xie X, Xu X, Xia X, Wang H, Li L, Dong W, Ma P, Yang Y, Liu Y, Mei X. Thermal and magnetic dual-responsive liposomes with a cell-penetrating peptide-siRNA conjugate for enhanced and targeted cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:607-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most anticancer drugs have poor aqueous solubility and low permeability across the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, extensive efflux by P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the small intestine also limits the efficient delivery of anticancer drugs via oral route. Area covered: This review explores the prodrug strategy for oral delivery of anticancer drugs. Different categories of oral anticancer prodrugs along with recent clinical studies have been comprehensively reviewed here. Furthermore, novel anticancer prodrugs such as polymer-prodrugs and lipid-prodrugs have been discussed in detail. Finally, various nanocarrier-based approaches employed for oral delivery of anticancer prodrugs have also been discussed. Expert opinion: Premature degradation of anticancer prodrugs in the gastrointestinal tract could lead to variable pharmacokinetics and undesired toxicity. Despite their increased aqueous solubility, the oral bioavailability of several anticancer prodrugs are limited by their poor permeability across the gastrointestinal tract. These limitations can be overcome by the use of functional excipients (polymers, lipids, amino acids/dipeptides), which are specifically absorbed via transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Oral delivery of anticancer prodrugs using nanocarrier-based drug delivery system is a recent development; however it should be justified based on the comparative advantages of encapsulating prodrug in a nanocarrier versus the use of anticancer prodrug molecule itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Jain
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA
| | - Sanyog Jain
- b Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Mohali , Punjab , India
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19
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Yang X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Han M, Guo Y, Kuang H, Wang X. A stabilizer-free and organic solvent-free method to prepare 10-hydroxycamptothecin nanocrystals: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2979-94. [PMID: 27382284 PMCID: PMC4922823 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a promising anticancer drug with a wide spectrum of antitumor activities. Due to its poor solubility, the carboxylate form that shows high water solubility but minimal anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic defects is used in the marketed 10-HCPT injections, resulting in its limited clinical application. To develop a simple, safe, and highly effective drug delivery system, a modified acid–base microprecipitation combined with a high-pressure homogenization technique was adopted to prepare 10-HCPT nanocrystals. Neither organic solvents nor stabilizers were employed throughout the preparation process. The in vitro and in vivo performances of the resulting10-HCPT nanocrystals were investigated systematically. The nanocrystals were spherical with a small size of ~130 nm, and the actual drug-loading content was as high as 75%. The nanocrystals displayed a sustained release pattern and were proven to have a higher cell uptake and antiproliferative activity than the 10-HCPT injections. The 10-HCPT nanocrystals also showed enhanced drug accumulation in tumors and better anticancer efficacy in 4T1-bearing mice. In summary, the 10-HCPT nanocrystals prepared in this study seem to be a promising delivery system for a new form of 10-HCPT dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Meihua Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yifei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Haixue Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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20
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Lin W, Xie X, Yang Y, Fu X, Liu H, Yang Y, Deng J. Thermosensitive magnetic liposomes with doxorubicin cell-penetrating peptides conjugate for enhanced and targeted cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3436-3443. [PMID: 27193383 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1189983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, P.R. China,
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China, and
| | - Xudong Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, P.R. China,
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huangshi Love & Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Huangshi, P.R. China,
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21
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Yang Y, Xie X, Yang Y, Li Z, Yu F, Gong W, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang Z, Mei X. Polymer Nanoparticles Modified with Photo- and pH-Dual-Responsive Polypeptides for Enhanced and Targeted Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1508-19. [PMID: 27043442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cationic nature of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) and their absence of cell selectivity restrains their applications in vivo. In this work, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) modified with photo- and pH-responsive polypeptides (PPPs) were successfully developed and respond to near-infrared (NIR) light illumination at the tumor site and a lowered tumor extracellular pH (pHe). In PPPs, the internalization function of CPPs (positively charged) is quenched by a pH-sensitive inhibitory peptide (negatively charged), which is linked via a photocleavable group. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was loaded into NPs by a double-emulsion technique. In vivo experiments included siRNA loading, cellular uptake, cell apoptosis, siRNA transfection, tumor targeting delivery, and the in vivo antitumor efficacy. Results showed that the prepared PPP-NPs could selectively accumulate at the tumor sites and internalized into the tumor cells by the NIR light illumination and the lowered pHe at the tumor site. These studies demonstrated that PPP-NPs are a promising carrier for future tumor gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fanglin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingguo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850, China
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22
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Larsen MT, Kuhlmann M, Hvam ML, Howard KA. Albumin-based drug delivery: harnessing nature to cure disease. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 26925240 PMCID: PMC4769556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a drug is dependent on accumulation at the site of action at therapeutic levels, however, challenges such as rapid renal clearance, degradation or non-specific accumulation requires drug delivery enabling technologies. Albumin is a natural transport protein with multiple ligand binding sites, cellular receptor engagement, and a long circulatory half-life due to interaction with the recycling neonatal Fc receptor. Exploitation of these properties promotes albumin as an attractive candidate for half-life extension and targeted intracellular delivery of drugs attached by covalent conjugation, genetic fusions, association or ligand-mediated association. This review will give an overview of albumin-based products with focus on the natural biological properties and molecular interactions that can be harnessed for the design of a next-generation drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Thim Larsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Kuhlmann
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Lykke Hvam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Larsen MT, Kuhlmann M, Hvam ML, Howard KA. Albumin-based drug delivery: harnessing nature to cure disease. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 26925240 PMCID: PMC4769556 DOI: 10.1186/s40591-016-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a drug is dependent on accumulation at the site of action at therapeutic levels, however, challenges such as rapid renal clearance, degradation or non-specific accumulation requires drug delivery enabling technologies. Albumin is a natural transport protein with multiple ligand binding sites, cellular receptor engagement, and a long circulatory half-life due to interaction with the recycling neonatal Fc receptor. Exploitation of these properties promotes albumin as an attractive candidate for half-life extension and targeted intracellular delivery of drugs attached by covalent conjugation, genetic fusions, association or ligand-mediated association. This review will give an overview of albumin-based products with focus on the natural biological properties and molecular interactions that can be harnessed for the design of a next-generation drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Thim Larsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Kuhlmann
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Lykke Hvam
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Efficacy of doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate in apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species generation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 39:107-18. [PMID: 26611752 PMCID: PMC4820500 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a small molecular cytotoxic agent that can be transferred efficiently to cancer cells by nanocarriers. This anthracycline antibiotic serves as an effective anti-neoplastic drug against both hematological and solid malignancies. Here, we set out to assess the capacity of a novel doxorubicin - transferrin conjugate (DOX-TRF) to provoke apoptosis in human normal and leukemia cells through free radicals produced via a redox cycle of doxorubicin (DOX) when released from its conjugate. Methods After DOX-TRF exposure, we determined the time-course of apoptotic and necrotic events, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as alterations in cytochrome c levels and intracellular calcium concentrations in human leukemia-derived cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562 and its doxorubicin-resistant derivative K562/DOX) and normal peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results We found that DOX-TRF can induce apoptosis in all leukemia-derived cell lines tested, which was associated with morphological changes and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential. In comparison to free DOX treated cells, we observed a time-dependency between a higher level of ROS generation and a higher drop in mitochondrial membrane potential, particularly in the doxorubicin-resistant cell line. In addition, we found that the apoptotic cell death induced by DOX-TRF was directly associated with a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and an increase in intracellular calcium level in all human leukemia-derived cell lines tested. Conclusions Our data indicate that DOX-TRF is considerably more cytotoxic to human leukemia cells than free DOX. In addition, we show that DOX-TRF can effectively produce free radicals, which are directly involved in apoptosis induction.
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25
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Januchta W, Serocki M, Dzierzbicka K, Cholewiński G, Skladanowski A. Synthesis of functionalized new conjugates of batracylin with tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives and their biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:85-94. [PMID: 26520842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New batracylin conjugates with tuftsin/retro-tuftsin derivatives were designed and synthesized using T3P as a coupling agent. The conjugates possess an amide bond formed between the carboxyl group of heterocyclic molecule and the N-termini of the tuftsin/retro-tuftsin chain. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the new analogues and their precursors was evaluated using a series of human and murine tumor cells. BAT conjugates containing retro-tuftsin with branched side aminoacid chain, in particular with leucine or isoleucine, were about 10-fold more cytotoxic toward two human tumor cell lines (lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and myeloblastic leukemia (HL-60)). These compounds showed about 10-fold increased cytotoxicity against the two types of tumor cells compared to parent BAT. We have not observed important differences in the mechanism of action between BAT and its cytotoxic tuftsin/retro-tuftsin conjugates. We propose that high biological activity of the most active BAT conjugates is a result of their greatly increased intracellular accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Januchta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skladanowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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The role of albumin receptors in regulation of albumin homeostasis: Implications for drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 211:144-62. [PMID: 26055641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood and acts as a molecular taxi for a plethora of small insoluble substances such as nutrients, hormones, metals and toxins. In addition, it binds a range of medical drugs. It has an unusually long serum half-life of almost 3weeks, and although the structure and function of albumin has been studied for decades, a biological explanation for the long half-life has been lacking. Now, recent research has unravelled that albumin-binding cellular receptors play key roles in the homeostatic regulation of albumin. Here, we review our current understanding of albumin homeostasis with a particular focus on the impact of the cellular receptors, namely the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and the cubilin-megalin complex, and we discuss their importance on uses of albumin in drug delivery.
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Cai X, Wang Z, Gong W, Zhang H, Li Y, Mei X. A near-infrared two-photon-sensitive peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:427-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Xie X, Wang Z, Gong W, Zhang H, Li Y, Yu F, Li Z, Mei X. Dual-modified liposomes with a two-photon-sensitive cell penetrating peptide and NGR ligand for siRNA targeting delivery. Biomaterials 2015; 48:84-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Yang Y, Xie X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Mei X. Photo-Responsive and NGR-Mediated Multifunctional Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Tumor-Specific Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Xie X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Mei X. A photo-responsive peptide- and asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide-mediated liposomal delivery system. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2445-2456. [PMID: 25693640 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of tunable peptides or materials with nanocarriers represents a promising approach for drug delivery to tumor cells. In this study, we report the development of a novel liposomal carrier system that exploits the cell surface binding synergism between photo-sensitive peptides (PSPs) and targeting ligands. The positive charges of the lysine residues on the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were temporarily caged by the photolabile-protective groups (PG), thereby forming a PSP. Furthermore, this PSP enhances specific uptake into cancer cells after rapidly uncaging the PG via near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. In the circulatory system, the cell penetrability of PSP was hindered. In contrast, the asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) peptide moieties, selectively bind to CD13-positive tumors, were attached to the nanocarrier to facilitate the active accumulation of this liposomal carrier in tumor tissue. The dual-modified liposomes (PSP/NGR-L) were prepared by emulsification method, and the concentrations of DSPE-PEG2000-psCPP and DSPE-PEG5000-NGR in the liposomes were chosen to be 4% and 1% (molar ratio), respectively. The mean particle size of the PSP/NGR-L was about 95 nm, and the drug entrapment efficiency was more than 90%. Cellular uptake results demonstrated that the proposed PSP/NGR-L had an enhancement of cancer cell recognition and specific uptake. Furthermore, the PSP/NGR-L demonstrated a stronger antitumor efficacy in the HT-1080 tumor model in nude mice with the aid of NIR illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xie
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,b Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Wuhan , China , and
| | - Yanfang Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China.,c Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yang Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Ying Li
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
| | - Xingguo Mei
- a Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , China
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Sand KMK, Bern M, Nilsen J, Noordzij HT, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. Unraveling the Interaction between FcRn and Albumin: Opportunities for Design of Albumin-Based Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2015; 5:682. [PMID: 25674083 PMCID: PMC4306297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first found to be responsible for transporting antibodies of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class from the mother to the fetus or neonate as well as for protecting IgG from intracellular catabolism. However, it has now become apparent that the same receptor also binds albumin and plays a fundamental role in homeostatic regulation of both IgG and albumin, as FcRn is expressed in many different cell types and organs at diverse body sites. Thus, to gain a complete understanding of the biological function of each ligand, and also their distribution in the body, an in-depth characterization of how FcRn binds and regulates the transport of both ligands is necessary. Importantly, such knowledge is also relevant when developing new drugs, as IgG and albumin are increasingly utilized in therapy. This review discusses our current structural and biological understanding of the relationship between FcRn and its ligands, with a particular focus on albumin and design of albumin-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Marita Knudsen Sand
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hanna Theodora Noordzij
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
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Du R, Zhong T, Zhang WQ, Song P, Song WD, Zhao Y, Wang C, Tang YQ, Zhang X, Zhang Q. Antitumor effect of iRGD-modified liposomes containing conjugated linoleic acid-paclitaxel (CLA-PTX) on B16-F10 melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3091-105. [PMID: 25028548 PMCID: PMC4077607 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we prepared a novel delivery system of iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC)-modified sterically stabilized liposomes (SSLs) containing conjugated linoleic acid–paclitaxel (CLA-PTX). The anti-tumor effect of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was investigated on B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro targeting effect of iRGD-modified SSLs was investigated in a real-time confocal microscopic analysis experiment. An endocytosis-inhibition assay was used to evaluate the endocytosis pathways of the iRGD-modified SSLs. In addition, the in vitro cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX were evaluated in B16-F10 melanoma cells. In vivo biodistribution and in vivo antitumor effects of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX were investigated in B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice. The induction of apoptosis by iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was evaluated in tumor-tissue sections. Real-time confocal microscopic analysis results indicated that the iRGD-modified SSLs internalized into B16-F10 cells faster than SSLs. The identified endocytosis pathway of iRGD-modified SSLs indicated that energy- and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis played a key role in the liposomes’ cellular uptake. The results of the cellular uptake experiment indicated that the increased cellular uptake of CLA-PTX in the iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated group was 1.9-, 2.4-, or 2.1-fold compared with that in the CLA-PTX group after a 2-, 4-, or 6-hour incubation, respectively. In the biodistribution test, the CLA-PTX level in tumor tissues from iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated mice at 1 hour (1.84±0.17 μg/g) and 4 hours (1.17±0.28 μg/g) was 2.3- and 2.0-fold higher than that of CLA-PTX solution at 1 hour (0.79±0.06 μg/g) and 4 hours (0.58±0.04 μg/g). The value of the area under the curve for the first 24 hours in the tumors of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated mice was significantly higher than that in the SSL-CLA-PTX and CLA-PTX solution-treated groups (P<0.01). The in vivo antitumor results indicated that iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX significantly inhibited the growth of B16-F10 tumors compared with the SSL-CLA-PTX or CLA-PTX solution-treatment groups (P<0.01). The results of tumor-cell apoptosis showed that tumors from the iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX-treated group exhibited more advanced cell apoptosis compared with the control, CLA-PTX solution-, and SSL-CLA-PTX-treated groups. In conclusion, the antitumor effect of iRGD-SSL-CLA-PTX was confirmed on B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Wen-Ding Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Yi-Qun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing ; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing ; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
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33
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Mitochondrial-targeted prodrug cancer therapy using a rhodamine B labeled fluorinated docetaxel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:541-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Thanki K, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT, Jain S. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs: Challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2013; 170:15-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Biological therapies play an increasing role in cancer treatment, although the number of naked antibodies showing clinical efficacy as single agent remains limited. One way to enhance therapeutic potential of antibodies is to conjugate them to small molecule drugs. This combination is expected to bring together the benefits of highly potent drugs on the one hand and selective binders of specific tumor antigens on the other hand. However, designing an ADC is more complex than a simple meccano game, requiring thoughtful combination of antibody, linker, and drugs in the context of a target and a defined cancer indication. Lessons learned from the first-generation antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and improvement of the technology guided the design of improved compounds which are now in clinical trials. Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris(®)), an anti-CD30 antibody conjugated to a potent microtubule inhibitor for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphomas, is the only marketed ADC today. A total of 27 ADC are currently undergoing clinical trials in both hematological malignancies and solid tumor indications. Among them, T-DM1 (trastuzumab emtansine), an ADC comprised of trastuzumab conjugated to DM1, via a non-cleavable linker, is showing very promising results in phase III for the treatment of HER2-positive refractory/relapsed metastatic breast cancer. Other compounds, such as CMC-544, SAR3419, CDX-011, PSMA-ADC, BT-062, and IMGN901 currently in clinical trials, targeting varied antigens and bearing different linker and drugs, contribute to the learning curve of ADC, as do the discontinued ADC. Current challenges include improvement of the therapeutic index, linked to a careful selection of the targets, a better understanding of ADC mechanism of action, the management and understanding of ADC off-target toxicities, as well as the selection of appropriate clinical settings (patient selection, dosing regimen) where these molecules can bring highest clinical benefit.
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36
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Preparation and optimization of surface-treated methotrexate-loaded nanogels intended for brain delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Markovsky E, Baabur-Cohen H, Eldar-Boock A, Omer L, Tiram G, Ferber S, Ofek P, Polyak D, Scomparin A, Satchi-Fainaro R. Administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination of polymer therapeutics. J Control Release 2012; 161:446-60. [PMID: 22286005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation is an efficient approach to improve the delivery of drugs and biological agents, both by protecting the body from the drug (by improving biodistribution and reducing toxicity) and by protecting the drug from the body (by preventing degradation and enhancing cellular uptake). This review discusses the journey that polymer therapeutics make through the body, following the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) concept. The biological factors and delivery system parameters that influence each stage of the process will be described, with examples illustrating the different solutions to the challenges of drug delivery systems in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Markovsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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38
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Dufort S, Sancey L, Coll JL. Physico-chemical parameters that govern nanoparticles fate also dictate rules for their molecular evolution. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:179-89. [PMID: 21983079 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are efficient to safely deliver therapeutic and imaging contrast agents to tumors for cancer diagnostic and therapy, if they can escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and accumulate in tumors either passively due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively via a specific ligand. The main hallmark of nanoparticles is their large surface areas, which, depending of their chemical compositions, surface coatings, electric charges, sizes and shapes, will generate complex, extremely dynamic and continuous interactions and exchanges between the nanoparticles and the different molecules present in the blood. Special attention will be paid to explain how the nanoparticles were improved step by step in order to adapt our increasing knowledge on their biophysics. In particular, we will discuss the influence of PEGylation, the difficulties to generate actively targeted particles and finally the actual trends in the manufacturing of "third-generation" smart particles.
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39
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Shan L, Cui S, Du C, Wan S, Qian Z, Achilefu S, Gu Y. A paclitaxel-conjugated adenovirus vector for targeted drug delivery for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:146-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Eichner S, Knobloch T, Floss HG, Fohrer J, Harmrolfs K, Hermane J, Schulz A, Sasse F, Spiteller P, Taft F, Kirschning A. The interplay between mutasynthesis and semisynthesis: generation and evaluation of an ansamitocin library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:752-7. [PMID: 22135226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eichner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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41
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Eichner S, Knobloch T, Floss HG, Fohrer J, Harmrolfs K, Hermane J, Schulz A, Sasse F, Spiteller P, Taft F, Kirschning A. The Interplay between Mutasynthesis and Semisynthesis: Generation and Evaluation of an Ansamitocin Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Talelli M, Morita K, Rijcken CJF, Aben RWM, Lammers T, Scheeren HW, van Nostrum CF, Storm G, Hennink WE. Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Polymeric Micelles with Covalently Bound Doxorubicin-Glucuronide Prodrug via Click Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2519-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Talelli
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
| | - K. Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
| | - C. J. F. Rijcken
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
- Crystal Delivery B.V., Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R. W. M. Aben
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T. Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Molecular
Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse
30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - H. W. Scheeren
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C. F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
| | - G. Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
| | - W. E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht,
Netherlands
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43
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Zhan F, Chen W, Wang Z, Lu W, Cheng R, Deng C, Meng F, Liu H, Zhong Z. Acid-Activatable Prodrug Nanogels for Efficient Intracellular Doxorubicin Release. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3612-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200876x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Zhan
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute
of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Lu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Institute
of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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44
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Abstract
Powerful technologies allow the synthesis and testing of large numbers of new compounds, but the failure rate of pharmaceutical R&D remains very high. Greater understanding of the fundamental physical chemical behaviour of molecules could be the key to greatly enhancing the success rate of drug discovery.
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45
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Feng X, Pinaud J, Chaikof EL, Taton D, Gnanou Y. Sequential functionalization of janus-type dendrimer-like poly(ethylene oxide)s with camptothecin and folic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Xu R, Fisher M, Juliano RL. Targeted albumin-based nanoparticles for delivery of amphipathic drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:870-8. [PMID: 21452893 DOI: 10.1021/bc1002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and physical and biological characterization of human serum albumin-based micelles of approximately 30 nm diameter for the delivery of amphipathic drugs, represented by doxorubicin. The micelles were surface conjugated with cyclic RGD peptides to guide selective delivery to cells expressing the α(v)β(3) integrin. Multiple poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) with molecular weight of 3400 Da were used to form a hydrophilic outer layer, with the inner core formed by albumin conjugated with doxorubicin via disulfide bonds. Additional doxorubicin was physically adsorbed into this core to attain a high drug loading capacity, where each albumin was associated with about 50 doxorubicin molecules. The formed micelles were stable in serum but continuously released doxorubicin when incubated with free thiols at concentrations mimicking the intracellular environment. When incubated with human melanoma cells (M21+) that express the α(v)β(3) integrin, higher uptake and longer retention of doxorubicin was observed with the RGD-targeted micelles than in the case of untargeted control micelles or free doxorubicin. Consequently, the RGD-targeted micelles manifested cytotoxicity at lower doses of drug than control micelles or free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzuo Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Dicko A, Mayer LD, Tardi PG. Use of nanoscale delivery systems to maintain synergistic drug ratiosin vivo. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1329-41. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.538678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Shamay Y, Adar L, Ashkenasy G, David A. Light induced drug delivery into cancer cells. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1377-86. [PMID: 21074848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be used for intracellular delivery of a broad variety of cargoes, including various nanoparticulate pharmaceutical carriers. However, the cationic nature of all CPP sequences, and thus lack of cell specificity, limits their in vivo use for drug delivery applications. Here, we have devised and tested a strategy for site-specific delivery of dyes and drugs into cancer cells by using polymers bearing a light activated caged CPP (cCPP). The positive charge of Lys residues on the minimum sequence of the CPP penetratin ((52)RRMKWKK(58)) was masked with photo-cleavable groups to minimize non-specific adsorption and cellular uptake. Once illuminated by UV light, these protecting groups were cleaved, the positively charged CPP regained its activity and facilitated rapid intracellular delivery of the polymer-dye or polymer-drug conjugates into cancer cells. We have found that a 10-min light illumination time was sufficient to enhance the penetration of the polymer-CPP conjugates bearing the proapoptotic peptide, (D)(KLAKLAK)(2), into 80% of the target cells, and to promote a 'switch' like cytotoxic activity resulting a shift from 100% to 10% in cell viability after 2 h. This report provides an example for tumor targeting by means of light activation of cell-penetrating peptides for intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Shamay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Aluri S, Janib SM, Mackay JA. Environmentally responsive peptides as anticancer drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:940-52. [PMID: 19628014 PMCID: PMC2757494 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment provides multiple cues that may be exploited to improve the efficacy of established chemotherapeutics; furthermore, polypeptides are uniquely situated to capitalize on these signals. Peptides provide: 1) a rich repertoire of biologically specific interactions to draw upon; 2) environmentally responsive phase behaviors, which may be tuned to respond to signatures of disease; 3) opportunities to direct self-assembly; 4) control over routes of biodegradation; 5) the option to seamlessly combine functionalities into a single polymer via a one-step biosynthesis. As development of cancer-targeted nanocarriers expands, peptides provide a unique source of functional units that may target disease. This review explores potential microenvironmental physiology indicative of tumors and peptides that have demonstrated an ability to target and deliver to these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaas Aluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033-9121, USA
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Bidwell GL, Raucher D. Therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy. Part I – peptide inhibitors of signal transduction cascades. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1033-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903143745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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