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Jackson JJ, Shibuya GM, Ravishankar B, Adusumilli L, Bradford D, Brockstedt DG, Bucher C, Bui M, Cho C, Colas C, Cutler G, Dukes A, Han X, Hu DX, Jacobson S, Kassner PD, Katibah GE, Ko MYM, Kolhatkar U, Leger PR, Ma A, Marshall L, Maung J, Ng AA, Okano A, Pookot D, Poon D, Ramana C, Reilly MK, Robles O, Schwarz JB, Shakhmin AA, Shunatona HP, Sreenivasan R, Tivitmahaisoon P, Xu M, Zaw T, Wustrow DJ, Zibinsky M. Potent GCN2 Inhibitor Capable of Reversing MDSC-Driven T Cell Suppression Demonstrates In Vivo Efficacy as a Single Agent and in Combination with Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12895-12924. [PMID: 36127295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) protein kinase is a cellular stress sensor within the tumor microenvironment (TME), whose signaling cascade has been proposed to contribute to immune escape in tumors. Herein, we report the discovery of cell-potent GCN2 inhibitors with excellent selectivity against its closely related Integrated Stress Response (ISR) family members heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI), protein kinase R (PKR), and (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), as well as good kinome-wide selectivity and favorable PK. In mice, compound 39 engages GCN2 at levels ≥80% with an oral dose of 15 mg/kg BID. We also demonstrate the ability of compound 39 to alleviate MDSC-related T cell suppression and restore T cell proliferation, similar to the effect seen in MDSCs from GCN2 knockout mice. In the LL2 syngeneic mouse model, compound 39 demonstrates significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) as a single agent. Furthermore, TGI mediated by anti-VEGFR was enhanced by treatment with compound 39 demonstrating the complementarity of these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Jackson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Grant M Shibuya
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Buvana Ravishankar
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Lavanya Adusumilli
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Delia Bradford
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Dirk G Brockstedt
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Cyril Bucher
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Minna Bui
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Cynthia Cho
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Christoph Colas
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Gene Cutler
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Adrian Dukes
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Xinping Han
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Dennis X Hu
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Scott Jacobson
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Paul D Kassner
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - George E Katibah
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Michelle Yoo Min Ko
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Urvi Kolhatkar
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Paul R Leger
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Anqi Ma
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Lisa Marshall
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Jack Maung
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Andrew A Ng
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Akinori Okano
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Deepa Pookot
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Daniel Poon
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Chandru Ramana
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Maureen K Reilly
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Omar Robles
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Jacob B Schwarz
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Anton A Shakhmin
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Hunter P Shunatona
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Raashi Sreenivasan
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | | | - Mengshu Xu
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Thant Zaw
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - David J Wustrow
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Zibinsky
- RAPT Therapeutics, 561 Eccles Avenue, South San Francisco, California94080, United States
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Chittasupho C, Kengtrong K, Chalermnithiwong S, Sarisuta N. Anti-angiogenesis by dual action of R5K peptide conjugated itraconazole nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:74. [PMID: 31965399 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of central vision loss and irreversible blindness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in neovascularization under the retina and macula by promoting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Although anti-VEGF drugs have shown their efficacy in visual improvement, long-term use of these drugs leads to ocular and systemic complications due to the non-selectivity of the drug. In this study, the dual-mode anti-angiogenic drug delivery system, which potentially inhibited VEGF in two different ways, was developed. The itraconazole encapsulated nanoparticles, conjugated with R5K peptide, were fabricated to allow multivalent binding interactions with VEGF. The R5K peptide blocked VEGF binding to its receptor, while itraconazole altered the signaling pathway of VEGF stimulation. The dual action of this novel drug delivery system aimed to enhance the anti-angiogenic effects of individual drugs. R5K-ITZ-NPs demonstrated potent, cell-type specific, and dose-dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to VEGF stimulation. The physical stability study showed that R5K-ITZ-NPs were stable when stored at 4 °C. However, the drug remaining in R5K-ITZ-NPs when stored at 4 °C for 28 days were only 17.2%. The chemical stability test revealed that the degradation of R5K-ITZ-NPs followed second-order kinetics. The release profile showed the burst release of ITZ followed by sustained release of the drug This novel drug delivery system may be an option for neovascular AMD patients who are resistant to ITZ and may represent a novel therapy for AMD.
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Final results of the SENECA (SEcond line NintEdanib in non-small cell lung CAncer) trial. Lung Cancer 2019; 134:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ranieri G, Ferrari C, Di Palo A, Marech I, Porcelli M, Falagario G, Ritrovato F, Ramunni L, Fanelli M, Rubini G, Gadaleta CD. Bevacizumab-Based Chemotherapy Combined with Regional Deep Capacitive Hyperthermia in Metastatic Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1458. [PMID: 28684680 PMCID: PMC5535949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an angiogenesis inhibitor, bevacizumab has been investigated in combination with different chemotherapeutic agents, achieving an established role for metastatic cancer treatment. However, potential synergic anti-angiogenic effects of hyperthermia have not tested to date in literature. The aim of our study was to analyze efficacy, safety, and survival of anti-angiogenic-based chemotherapy associated to regional deep capacitive hyperthermia (HT) in metastatic cancer patients. Twenty-three patients with metastatic colorectal (n = 16), ovarian (n = 5), and breast (n = 2) cancer were treated with HT in addition to a standard bevacizumab-based chemotherapy regimen. Treatment response assessment was performed, according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (mRECIST), at 80 days (timepoint-1) and at 160 days (timepoint-2) after therapy. Disease Response Rate (DRR), considered as the proportion of patients who had the best response rating (complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD)), was assessed at timepoint-1 and timepoint-2. Chi-squared for linear trend test was performed to evaluated the association between response groups (R/NR) and the number of previous treatment (none, 1, 2, 3), number of chemotherapy cycles (<6, 6, 12, >12), number of hyperthermia sessions (<12, 12, 24, >24), and lines of chemotherapy (I, II). Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. DRR was 85.7% and 72.2% at timepoint-1 and timepoint-2, respectively. HT was well tolerated without additional adverse effects on chemotherapy-related toxicity. Chi-squared for linear trend test demonstrated that the percentage of responders grew in relation to the number of chemotherapy cycles (p = 0.015) and to number of HT sessions (p < 0.001) performed. Both overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were influenced by the number of chemotherapy cycles (p < 0.001) and HT sessions (p < 0.001) performed. Our preliminary data, that need to be confirmed in larger studies, suggest that the combined treatment of bevacizumab-based chemotherapy with HT has a favorable tumor response, is feasible and well tolerated, and offers a potentially promising option for metastatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Ranieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Di Palo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianmarco Falagario
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Ritrovato
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ramunni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Margherita Fanelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, D.I.M., University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Translational Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Corrales L, Nogueira A, Passiglia F, Listi A, Caglevic C, Giallombardo M, Raez L, Santos E, Rolfo C. Second-Line Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Aspects of Nintedanib. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:13. [PMID: 28293555 PMCID: PMC5329017 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma is the leading cause of death by cancer in the world. Nowadays, most patients will experience disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy demonstrating the need for new, effective second-line treatments. The only approved second-line therapies for patients without targetable oncogenic drivers are docetaxel, gemcitabine, pemetrexed, and erlotinib and for patients with target-specific oncogenes afatinib, osimertinib, crizotinib, alectinib, and ceritinib. In recent years, evidence on the role of antiangiogenic agents have been established as important and effective therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting three angiogenesis-related transmembrane receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor). Several preclinical and clinical studies have proven the usefulness of nintedanib as an anticancer agent for NSCLC. The most important study was the phase III LUME-Lung 1 trial, which investigated the combination of nintedanib with docetaxel for second-line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients. The significant improvement in overall survival and the manageable safety profile led to the approval of this new treatment in Europe. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical studies with nintedanib in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Corrales
- Clinical Oncology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Amanda Nogueira
- Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Caglevic
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Giallombardo
- Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
| | - Edgardo Santos
- Oncology Department, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I – Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hassan LEA, Dahham SS, Saghir SAM, Mohammed AMA, Eltayeb NM, Majid AMSA, Majid ASA. Chemotherapeutic potentials of the stem bark of Balanite aegyptiaca (L.) Delile: an antiangiogenic, antitumor and antioxidant agent. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:396. [PMID: 27760539 PMCID: PMC5069806 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Balanite aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, is a plant with extensive medicinal properties. Its stem bark is traditionally known for its spasmolytic and antiepileptic properties and used to treat yellow fever, jaundice and syphilis. Angiogenesis (sprouting of new blood vessels) is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. The goal of this study is investigate the antiangiogenic, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity as well as antitumor in vivo properties of B. aegyptiaca stem bark extracts. Method The dried powder of stem bark was extracted sequentially with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Rat aorta ring assay (RARA) was used as a platform to screen for antiangiogenic affect. The most active extract was subjected to further confirmatory antiangiogenic tests i.e. cell migration, tube formation and VEGF inhibition and finally evaluated for its in vivo antitumor efficacy in nude mice. The cytotoxicity of extracts on four cancer cell lines (HCT-116, K562, U937 and MCF-7) and one normal cells line (HUVEC) was evaluated. To assess the antioxidant activity screening, four methods were used, (DPPH•) and ABTS radical scavenging activity, as well as total flavonoids and phenolic contents. Results Methanol extract of B. aegyptiaca stem bark (MBA) showed the highest antiangiogenic, antioxidant and anticancer properties. It was found selectively cytotoxic to leukemia cell lines as well as breast cancer cell line MCF-7. (MBA) thus exhibited antiangiogenic in ex-vivo rat aorta ring model; it was found to excel its antiangiogenic effect via inhibition of the key growth factor (VEGF) as well as to halt HUVEC cell migration and tube formation, furthermore animals bearing colon cancer treated with (MBA) showed significant reduction in tumor growth. Conclusion Different extracts of B. aegyptiaca stem bark showed various anticancer and antiangiogenic properties. MBA demonstrated potent antiangiogenic, antioxidant and antitumor in vivo. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of stem bark of the B. aegyptiaca for developing chemotherapeutic agent against solid tumor as well as leukemia.
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Kuhnast B, El Hadri A, Boisgard R, Hinnen F, Richard S, Caravano A, Nancy-Portebois V, Petitou M, Tavitian B, Dollé F. Synthesis, radiolabeling with fluorine-18 and preliminary in vivo evaluation of a heparan sulphate mimetic as potent angiogenesis and heparanase inhibitor for cancer applications. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1915-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02513c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed, fully synthetic, octasaccharide-based, HS mimetic has been synthesized, in vitro characterized, labeled with fluorine-18, and in vivo imaged with PET in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Kuhnast
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - A. El Hadri
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
- CarboMimetics
| | - R. Boisgard
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - F. Hinnen
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
| | - S. Richard
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | - A. Caravano
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | | | - M. Petitou
- Endotis Pharma
- Biocitech Park
- 93230 Romainville
- France
| | - B. Tavitian
- Laboratoire PARCC UMR 970 Inserm/Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
- 75015 Paris
| | - F. Dollé
- CEA
- Institut d'imagerie biomédicale
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot
- 91400 Orsay
- France
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CT perfusion as an imaging biomarker in monitoring response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and radiation in soft-tissue sarcomas: comparison with tumor morphology, circulating and tumor biomarkers, and gene expression. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:W11-8. [PMID: 25539263 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CT perfusion in monitoring response to neoadjuvant antiangiogenic and radiation therapy in resectable soft-tissue sarcomas and correlate the findings with tumor size, circulating and tumor biomarkers, and gene expression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This phase II clinical trial included 20 patients (13 men and 7 women; mean age, 55 years) with soft-tissue sarcomas who were undergoing treatment with the antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab, radiation, and surgical resection. The patients underwent CT perfusion and diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT at baseline, at 2 weeks after bevacizumab therapy, and after completion of bevacizumab and radiation therapy. Multiple CT perfusion parameters (blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, and permeability) were correlated with tumor size, circulating and tumor biomarkers, and gene expression. RESULTS Two weeks after bevacizumab therapy, there was substantial fall in blood volume (31.9% reduction, p = 0.01) with more pronounced reduction in blood flow, blood volume, and permeability after treatment completion (53-64% reduction in blood flow, blood volume, and permeability; p = 0.001), whereas tumor size showed no significant change (p = 0.34). Tumors with higher baseline blood volume and lower baseline tumor size showed superior response to bevacizumab and radiation (p = 0.05). There was also an increase in median plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and placental-derived growth factor concentration after bevacizumab therapy paralleled by a decrease in tumor perfusion depicted by CT perfusion, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.4). The baseline tumor microvessel density (MVD) correlated with blood flow (p = 0.04). At least 20 different genes were differentially expressed in tumors with higher and lower baseline perfusion. CONCLUSION CT perfusion is more sensitive than tumor size for monitoring early and late response to bevacizumab and radiation therapy. CT perfusion parameters correlate with MVD, and the gene expression levels of baseline tumors could potentially predict treatment response.
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Novello S, Kaiser R, Mellemgaard A, Douillard JY, Orlov S, Krzakowski M, von Pawel J, Gottfried M, Bondarenko I, Liao M, Barrueco J, Gaschler-Markefski B, Griebsch I, Palmer M, Reck M. Analysis of patient-reported outcomes from the LUME-Lung 1 trial: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of second-line nintedanib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:317-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang G, Wang F, Cao D, Liu Y, Zhang R, Ye H, Li X, He L, Yang Z, Ma L, Peng A, Xiang M, Wei Y, Chen L. Synthesis, structure–activity relationships and biological evaluation of barbigerone analogues as anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenesis agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Serum level and immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor for the prediction of postoperative recurrence in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:369. [PMID: 24938498 PMCID: PMC4072492 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in angiogenesis. One of the functions of VEGF is to regulate neovascularization in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The objective of our study was to examine whether before nephrectomy serum levels of VEGF or expression of VEGF using immunohistochemistry (IHC) could predict postoperative recurrence in nonmetastatic CCRCC. RESULTS Twelve patients (14.5%) had recurrence during a mean follow-up of 52.6 ± 31.2 months. The serum VEGF level was significantly higher in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence (P = 0.038). High serum VEGF levels were above 416 pg/mL; this value was chosen based on a receiver operating characteristic analysis. The recurrence-free survival rate in patients with a high serum VEGF level was significantly lower than in those with a low serum VEGF level (P = 0.003). In total, tumors from 26 patients (31.3%) showed overexpression of VEGF using IHC. The recurrence-free survival rate in the IHC-positive group was significantly lower than that in the IHC-negative group (P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis indicated that preoperative serum VEGF levels (P = 0.013) and female gender (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of postoperative recurrence in nonmetastatic CCRCC. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative serum VEGF levels is a useful predictor compared with IHC analysis of VEGF of postoperative recurrence in nonmetastatic CCRCC.
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Yarani R, Mansouri K, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Mahnam A, Emami Aleagha MS. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by hydroalcoholic extract of oak (Quercus infectoria) acorn shell via suppressing VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 secretion. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:361-368. [PMID: 23137183 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.729147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Angiogenesis is an essential factor for cancer progression. Although more attention is paid in angiogenesis on its role in cancer biology, many other non-neoplastic diseases are also angiogenic-dependent. Recently, there is motivation to control cancer via inhibition of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE Quercus infectoria Olivier var (Fagaceae) (oak) is a plant whose different parts, such as its fruit shell, have been used extensively as a traditional drug in the west part of Iran. Although some biological properties of oak are determined, its effects on angiogenesis are unclear. So, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of oak acorn shell. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh oak acorns were collected, and after authentication; hydroalcoholic extract of acorn shells (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μg/ml) was used for evaluation of its cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects in vitro. Also, effects of the extract on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 secretion were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract in eight doses resulted in a significant decrease of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis with an IC₅₀ value of ~20 μg/ml, without any toxic effect. At 40 μg/ml, the extract inhibited MMP-9 activity; however, a dose-dependent reduction (60-80 µg/ml) in MMP-2 activity was seen. VEGF secretion was decreased with increase in the concentration of the extract from 5 to 100 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of oak acorn shell acts as a potent antiangiogenic agent which exerts its inhibitory effect mainly through downregulation of essential mediators such as VEGF and MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yarani
- Medical Biology Research Center and Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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14
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Sheridan EJ, Austin CJD, Aitken JB, Vogt S, Jolliffe KA, Harris HH, Rendina LM. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence studies of a bromine-labelled cyclic RGD peptide interacting with individual tumor cells. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:226-33. [PMID: 23412478 PMCID: PMC3943546 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The first example of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging of cultured mammalian cells in cyclic peptide research is reported. The study reports the first quantitative analysis of the incorporation of a bromine-labelled cyclic RGD peptide and its effects on the biodistribution of endogenous elements (for example, K and Cl) within individual tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J. Sheridan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | | | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Bhuvaneswari R, Yuen GY, Chee SK, Olivo M. Antiangiogenesis agents avastin and erbitux enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in a murine bladder tumor model. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 43:651-62. [PMID: 22057493 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been established as an alternative therapy for the treatment of various types of malignant disorders, including oesophageal, lung, and bladder cancer. However, one of the limitations of PDT is treatment-induced hypoxia that triggers angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with PDT and an antiangiogenic protocol using monoclonal antibodies against both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro angiogenesis assays and in vivo matrigel assay were performed to understand the inhibitory effects of the antiangiogenic agents. Tumor bearing mice were assigned to six different categories: Control, PDT only, Avastin + Erbitux, PDT + Avastin, PDT + Erbitux, and PDT + Avastin and Erbitux. Treated and control tumors were monitored for recurrence for up to 90 days. RESULTS In vitro results provided valuable insight into the dynamics of endothelial cells in response to angiogenic stimulants and inhibitors to assess the angiogenesis processes. Addition of VEGF increased the migration of bladder cancer cells and addition of Avastin and Erbitux decreased cell migration significantly. Both inhibitors were also able to suppress invasion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The in vivo tumor response for PDT with single inhibitor (Avastin or Erbitux) and double inhibitor (Avastin + Erbitux) was comparable; however, targeting both VEGF and EGFR pathways along with PDT resulted in more rapid response. Downregulation of VEGF and EGFR were observed in tumors treated with PDT in combination with Avastin and Erbitux respectively. CONCLUSION Our results show that blocking the VEGF or EGFR pathway along with PDT can effectively suppress tumor growth and the combination of both VEGF and EGFR inhibitors along with PDT could be used to treat more aggressive tumors to achieve rapid response.
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16
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Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Kim TM, Eisinger-Mathason TSK, Zhang AY, Schmidt B, Karl DL, Nakazawa MS, Park PJ, Simon MC, Yoon SS. Overcoming evasive resistance from vascular endothelial growth factor a inhibition in sarcomas by genetic or pharmacologic targeting of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:29-41. [PMID: 22684860 PMCID: PMC3677782 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in human sarcomas correlate with tumor progression and radiation resistance. Prolonged antiangiogenic therapy of tumors not only delays tumor growth but may also increase hypoxia and HIF-1α activity. In our recent clinical trial, treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antibody, bevacizumab, followed by a combination of bevacizumab and radiation led to near complete necrosis in nearly half of sarcomas. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of microarrays from pretreatment biopsies found that the Gene Ontology category “Response to hypoxia” was upregulated in poor responders and that the hierarchical clustering based on 140 hypoxia-responsive genes reliably separated poor responders from good responders. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for sarcomas, doxorubicin (Dox), was recently found to block HIF-1α binding to DNA at low metronomic doses. In four sarcoma cell lines, HIF-1α shRNA or Dox at low concentrations blocked HIF-1α induction of VEGF-A by 84–97% and carbonic anhydrase 9 by 83–93%. HT1080 sarcoma xenografts had increased hypoxia and/or HIF-1α activity with increasing tumor size and with anti-VEGF receptor antibody (DC101) treatment. Combining DC101 with HIF-1α shRNA or metronomic Dox had a synergistic effect in suppressing growth of HT1080 xenografts, at least in part via induction of tumor endothelial cell apoptosis. In conclusion, sarcomas respond to increased hypoxia by expressing HIF-1α target genes that may promote resistance to antiangiogenic and other therapies. HIF-1α inhibition blocks this evasive resistance and augments destruction of the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Ferro V, Liu L, Johnstone KD, Wimmer N, Karoli T, Handley P, Rowley J, Dredge K, Li CP, Hammond E, Davis K, Sarimaa L, Harenberg J, Bytheway I. Discovery of PG545: A Highly Potent and Simultaneous Inhibitor of Angiogenesis, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3804-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201708h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Ferro
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Ken D. Johnstone
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Tomislav Karoli
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Paul Handley
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Jessica Rowley
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Cai Ping Li
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Edward Hammond
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Kat Davis
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Laura Sarimaa
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
| | - Job Harenberg
- Clinical
Pharmacology, Faculty
of Medicine Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ian Bytheway
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Brisbane, Queensland
4076, Australia
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Pudhom K, Nuanyai T, Matsubara K, Vilaivan T. Antiangiogenic activity of 3,4-seco-cycloartane triterpenes from Thai Gardenia spp. and their semi-synthetic analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:512-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Aftab BT, Dobromilskaya I, Liu JO, Rudin CM. Itraconazole inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6764-72. [PMID: 21896639 PMCID: PMC3206167 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the survival benefit associated with this agent is marginal, and toxicities and cost are substantial. A recent screen for selective inhibitors of endothelial cell proliferation identified the oral antifungal drug itraconazole as a novel agent with potential antiangiogenic activity. In this article, we define and characterize the antiangiogenic and anticancer activities of itraconazole in relevant preclinical models of angiogenesis and lung cancer. Itraconazole consistently showed potent, specific, and dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in response to both VEGF- and basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated angiogenic stimulation. In vivo, using primary xenograft models of human NSCLC, oral itraconazole showed single-agent growth-inhibitory activity associated with induction of tumor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression and marked inhibition of tumor vascularity. Itraconazole significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in the same model systems. Taken together, these data suggest that itraconazole has potent and selective inhibitory activity against multiple key aspects of tumor-associated angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and strongly support clinical translation of its use. Based on these observations, we have initiated a randomized phase II study comparing the efficacy of standard cytotoxic therapy with or without daily oral itraconazole in patients with recurrent metastatic NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology
- Itraconazole/administration & dosage
- Itraconazole/pharmacology
- Itraconazole/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake T Aftab
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Gong J, Gan J, Iyer RA. Identification of the Oxidative and Conjugative Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Brivanib. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:219-26. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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21
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Approccio cardiologico al paziente sottoposto a trattamento antitumorale. Documento primo. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcecho.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Effect of BIBF 1120 on reversal of ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:33-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-010-0003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Bhattacharjee PS, Huq TS, Mandal TK, Graves RA, Muniruzzaman S, Clement C, McFerrin HE, Hill JM. A novel peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E is an inhibitor of tumor growth and ocular angiogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15905. [PMID: 21253017 PMCID: PMC3017052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development and metastasis and now a validated target for cancer treatment. We previously reported that a novel dimer peptide (apoEdp) derived from the receptor binding region of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) inhibits virus-induced angiogenesis. However, its role in tumor anti-angiogenesis is unknown. This study demonstrates that apoEdp has anti-angiogenic property in vivo through reduction of tumor growth in a mouse model and ocular angiogenesis in a rabbit eye model. Our in vitro studies show that apoEdp inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and capillary tube formation. We document that apoEdp inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced Flk-1 activation as well as downstream signaling pathways that involve c-Src, Akt, eNOS, FAK, and ERK1/2. These in vitro data suggest potential sites of the apoE dipeptide inhibition that could occur in vivo. This is the first evidence that a synthetic dimer peptide mimicking human apoE has anti-angiogenesis functions and could be an anti-tumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tashfin S. Huq
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Syed Muniruzzaman
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christian Clement
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Harris E. McFerrin
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James M. Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stopfer P, Rathgen K, Bischoff D, Lüdtke S, Marzin K, Kaiser R, Wagner K, Ebner T. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of BIBF 1120 after oral dosing to healthy male volunteers. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:297-311. [PMID: 21204634 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.545452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of BIBF 1120, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), were studied in healthy male volunteers (n = 8) who had received a single oral dose of 100 mg [(14)C]-radiolabelled BIBF 1120 administered as solution. BIBF 1120 was well-tolerated and rapidly absorbed; median time to reach maximum plasma concentrations was 1.3 h and gMean terminal half-life was 13.7 h. A relatively high apparent total body clearance and volume of distribution possibly indicated a high tissue distribution. Plasma concentrations of BIBF 1120 plus carboxylate metabolite BIBF 1202 were lower than the total [(14)C]-radioactivity in plasma, indicating presence of additional metabolites. Total recovery in excreta was 94.7% 1 week post-dose; mass balance was considered complete after 96 h. BIBF 1120 and metabolites were mainly excreted via faeces. The major metabolic pathway for BIBF 1120 was methyl ester cleavage to BIBF 1202. Subsequently, the free carboxyl group of BIBF 1202 was glucuronidated to 1-O-acylglucuronide. Pathways of minor importance were oxidative N-demethylation to yield BIBF 1053, and oxidation of the piperazine moiety and conjugation. Glucuronidation of the parent drug and formylation of the secondary aliphatic amine of the piperazine ring played a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stopfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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25
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Süssmuth R, Müller J, von Döhren H, Molnár I. Fungal cyclooligomerdepsipeptides: From classical biochemistry to combinatorial biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:99-124. [DOI: 10.1039/c001463j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of targeted clinical interventions with increased selectivity and fewer adverse effects hold great promise in the treatment of solid malignancies, both in monotherapy and in combination. Molecular targeted therapies offer increasingly customized solutions based on the targeting of multiple specific pathways essential for cancer development and metastasis, allowing the maintenance of quality of life while efficiently attacking the tumor. To date, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small-molecule inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of colorectal, breast, head and neck, non-small cell lung and renal cell cancer. A number of additional targeted therapies are currently being investigated in ongoing clinical trials in various tumor types such as lung, gastric, cervical, uterine melanoma, and brain tumors. This article describes current and newly developed targeted therapies in solid tumors, with a special focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These include mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors that aim to specifically disrupt receptor signaling pathways, which are essential for proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells.
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27
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Lee YJ, Karl DL, Maduekwe UN, Rothrock C, Ryeom S, D'Amore PA, Yoon SS. Differential effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 inhibition on tumor metastases based on host organ environment. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8357-67. [PMID: 20978198 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors induce new blood vessel growth primarily from host organ microvascular endothelial cells (EC), and microvasculature differs significantly between the lung and liver. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A) promotion of tumor angiogenesis is thought to be mediated primarily by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, VEGFR-2 antibody (DC101) inhibited growth of RenCa renal cell carcinoma lung metastases by 26%, whereas VEGFR-1 antibody (MF-1) had no effect. However, VEGFR-2 neutralization had no effect on RenCa liver metastases, whereas VEGFR-1 neutralization decreased RenCa liver metastases by 31%. For CT26 colon carcinoma liver metastases, inhibition of both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was required to induce growth delay. VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 inhibition decreased tumor burden not by preventing the establishment of micrometastases but rather by preventing vascularization and growth of micrometastases by 55% and 43%, respectively. VEGF induced greater phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in lung ECs and of VEGFR-1 in liver ECs. EC proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation in vitro were suppressed more by VEGFR-2 inhibition for lung EC and more by VEGFR-1 inhibition for liver EC. Collectively, our results indicate that liver metastases are more reliant on VEGFR-1 than lung metastases to mediate angiogenesis due to differential activity of VEGFRs on liver EC versus lung EC. Thus, therapies inhibiting specific VEGFRs should consider the targeted sites of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Bracarda S, Bellmunt J, Melichar B, Négrier S, Bajetta E, Ravaud A, Sneller V, Escudier B. Overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma initially treated with bevacizumab plus interferon-α2a and subsequent therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a retrospective analysis of the phase III AVOREN trial. BJU Int 2010; 107:214-9. [PMID: 20942831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE • To retrospectively evaluate the effect of subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after first-line bevacizumab + interferon-α2a (IFN) or IFN + placebo in the phase III AVOREN (Avastin and Roferon in Renal Cell Carcinoma) trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS • A total of 649 patients with untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) were randomized to receive IFN (9 MIU three times a week for up to 1 year) in combination with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) or placebo until disease progression. • The protocol allowed the use of any post-protocol anti-cancer therapy for patients with progressive disease or those in whom the trial therapy was discontinued. Data regarding the timing and type of subsequent therapy were recorded and overall survival (OS) analysed. RESULTS • Patients were randomized to bevacizumab + IFN (n= 327) or IFN + placebo (n= 322); 180 (55%) patients in the bevacizumab + IFN, and 202 (63%) in the IFN + placebo arm, received post-protocol anti-cancer therapy. • TKIs were the most common post-protocol therapy, received by 113 (35%) and 120 (37%) patients in the bevacizumab + IFN and IFN + placebo arms, respectively. • The median OS in patients who received any subsequent TKI was 38.6 months in the bevacizumab + IFN arm and 33.6 months in IFN + placebo arm [hazard ratio (HR), 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-1.13; P= 0.203]. In an additional retrospective analysis that censored patients who received subsequent TKIs, median OS was 25.0 and 20.7 months, respectively, in the bevacizumab + IFN and IFN + placebo arms (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67-1.05; P= 0.123). CONCLUSIONS • These retrospective exploratory data of sequential bevacizumab + IFN followed by TKIs in patients able to receive multiple lines of therapy suggest that sequential therapy could be a promising approach to improve patient outcomes in mRCC.
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29
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The yin and yang of VEGF and PEDF: multifaceted neurotrophic factors and their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2875-900. [PMID: 21152280 PMCID: PMC2996745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11082875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) have emerged as multifaceted players in not only the pathogenesis, but potential treatment, of numerous diseases. They activate diverse intracellular signaling cascades known to have extensive crosstalk, and have been best studied for their effects in cardiology and cancer biology. Recent work with the two factors indicates that the activity of one growth factor is often directly related to the action of the other. Their respective neuroprotective effects, in particular, raise important questions regarding the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
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30
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Pories SE, Wulf GM. Evidence for the role of bevacizumab in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer: a review. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2010; 2:37-44. [PMID: 24367165 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors may provide a new approach to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against pathologic angiogenesis. A pivotal study (ECOG 2100) showed that bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel increased progression-free survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer by 6 months. Subsequently, several clinical trials have shown that the combination of bevacizumab with a taxane can improve disease-free survival but does not prolong overall survival. While generally well tolerated, bevacizumab is potentially toxic for some patients who develop hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, impaired wound healing, bowel perforation or thromboembolic events. Here, we review the current evidence for the use of bevacizumab in breast cancer and ongoing studies that address the questions of how to optimize regimens and schedules for the use of anti-angiogenic agents and the identification of those patients who would benefit the most from treatment with regimens that include antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Pories
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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The studies on the correlation for gene expression of tyrosine-kinase receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor in human neuroblastomas. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010; 32:180-4. [PMID: 20186105 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181c46bab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation and clinical significance of expression of tyrosine-kinase receptors (TrkA and TrkB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human neuroblastomas. METHODS Expression of TrkA, TrkB, and VEGF mRNA was semi-quantitatively detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 51 cases of neuroblastomas. RESULTS The expression of TrkA was significantly higher in lower-stage group compared with higher-stage group (P<0.05), whereas the expression of VEGF was significantly higher in the higher-stage group compared with the lower-stage group (P<0.05). The expression of TrkA was correlated negatively with the expression of VEGF (P<0.01), and has remarkable dependability with 2-year cumulative survival rate (P<0.01). The expression of TrkA in the lower age group was significantly higher than in the higher age group of NB cases (P<0.01). TrkA has a good prognostic impact on neuroblastoma patients (P<0.01). The expression of TrkB was significantly higher in the higher-stage group compared with the lower-stage group (P<0.05) and was positively correlated with VEGF expression (r=0.342, P<0.05); their expression also has remarkable dependability with the 2-year cumulative survival rate (P<0.01). The expression of TrkB was significantly lower in the higher age group compared with the lower age group (P<0.05). The 2-year cumulative-survival rate in the lower age group had a great significance compared with the higher age group (P<0.001). TrkB has a bad prognostic impact on neuroblastoma patients (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TrkA was highly expressed in good prognostic neuroblastomas; however, TrkB and VEGF were highly expressed in poor prognostic neuroblastomas. The expression of TrkA was negatively correlated with the expression of VEGF, whereas the expression of TrkB was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF. These 3 genes have an important clinical significance relating to the tumor stage and the outcome for patients with neuroblastomas.
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Lecht S, Arien-Zakay H, Kohan M, Lelkes PI, Lazarovici P. Angiostatic effects of K252a, a Trk inhibitor, in murine brain capillary endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 339:201-13. [PMID: 20148355 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) supports the survival and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons and is also mitogenic for a variety of tumors. K252a, an antagonist of NGF receptor TrkA, was previously used as a pharmacological tool to study NGF actions and as a lead compound for developing anti-tumor drugs. Since recently, NGF was characterized as an angiogenic factor, we sought to investigate the angiostatic properties of K252a on endothelial cells (ECs). For this purpose, we used a murine brain microcapillary ECs model in which we found autocrine release of NGF in the culture medium and activation of TrkA receptor-induced downstream signaling molecules Erk1/2, Akt, and PLCgamma. In this model, we demonstrated the angiostatic property of K252a based on its ability to affect several important angiogenic steps. K252a, but not its cell membrane impermeable analogue K252b at 100 nM: (i) inhibited the proliferation of the ECs by 45 +/- 9%; (ii) reduced by 70 +/- 4% the migration of the ECs measured in a wound-closure model; (iii) reduced by 29 +/- 9% the formation of tube-like structures of the ECs cultured on Matrigel; (iv) stimulated by 100 +/- 25% the collagen deposition by the ECs, a process responsible for the increased endothelial barrier functions expressed by 22 +/- 5% reduction of paracellular permeability and by 17 +/- 3% elevation of transendothelial electrical resistance. These data suggest that NGF/TrkA may represent a target for the development of novel, K252a-derived multikinase inhibitors drugs with anti-tumor and angiostatic dual activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Lecht
- School of Pharmacy-Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Johnstone KD, Karoli T, Liu L, Dredge K, Copeman E, Li CP, Davis K, Hammond E, Bytheway I, Kostewicz E, Chiu FCK, Shackleford DM, Charman SA, Charman WN, Harenberg J, Gonda TJ, Ferro V. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Polysulfated Oligosaccharide Glycosides as Inhibitors of Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1686-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901449m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken D. Johnstone
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Tomislav Karoli
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Copeman
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Cai Ping Li
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Kat Davis
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Edward Hammond
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Ian Bytheway
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
| | - Edmund Kostewicz
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francis C. K. Chiu
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M. Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - William N. Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Job Harenberg
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Gonda
- Molecular Oncogenesis Group, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- Drug Design Group, Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toowong, Queensland 4066, Australia
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Prager GW, Lackner EM, Krauth MT, Unseld M, Poettler M, Laffer S, Cerny-Reiterer S, Lamm W, Kornek GV, Binder BR, Zielinski CC, Valent P. Targeting of VEGF-dependent transendothelial migration of cancer cells by bevacizumab. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:150-60. [PMID: 20106729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is often associated with the formation of malignant effusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of vascular permeability and has been implicated as mediator of tumor progression. We examined the production and secretion of VEGF(165) in various primary cancer cells derived from malignant effusions, and the role of exogenous VEGF(165) as a mediator of effusion formation. VEGF(165) was constantly secreted by all cultured tumor cells in an mTOR-dependent manner, as it was inhibited by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Secreted VEGF(165) showed functional activity by inducing endothelial leakiness and tumor cell-transendothelial migration in vitro, effects which could be reverted by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. Thus, mTOR inhibitors as well as bevacizumab should be considered as potential agents in cancer patients suffering from malignant effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Brown JL, Cao ZA, Pinzon-Ortiz M, Kendrew J, Reimer C, Wen S, Zhou JQ, Tabrizi M, Emery S, McDermott B, Pablo L, McCoon P, Bedian V, Blakey DC. A human monoclonal anti-ANG2 antibody leads to broad antitumor activity in combination with VEGF inhibitors and chemotherapy agents in preclinical models. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:145-56. [PMID: 20053776 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Localized angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) expression has been shown to function as a key regulator of blood vessel remodeling and tumor angiogenesis, making it an attractive candidate for antiangiogenic therapy. A fully human monoclonal antibody (3.19.3) was developed, which may have significant pharmaceutical advantages over synthetic peptide-based approaches in terms of reduced immunogenicity and increased half-life to block Ang2 function. The 3.19.3 antibody potently binds Ang2 with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 86 pmol/L, leading to inhibition of Tie2 receptor phosphorylation in cell-based assays. In preclinical models, 3.19.3 treatment blocked blood vessel formation in Matrigel plug assays and in human tumor xenografts. In vivo studies with 3.19.3 consistently showed broad antitumor activity as a single agent across a panel of diverse subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. Combination studies of 3.19.3 with cytotoxic drugs or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents showed significant improvements in antitumor activity over single-agent treatments alone with no apparent evidence of increased toxicity. Initial pharmacokinetic profiling studies in mice and nonhuman primates suggested that 3.19.3 has a predicted human half-life of 10 to 14 days. These studies provide preclinical data for 3.19.3 as a potential new antiangiogenic therapy as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy or vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Facemire CS, Nixon AB, Griffiths R, Hurwitz H, Coffman TM. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 controls blood pressure by regulating nitric oxide synthase expression. Hypertension 2009; 54:652-8. [PMID: 19652084 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.129973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drugs and antibodies that interrupt vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways improve outcomes in patients with a variety of cancers by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. A major adverse effect of these treatments is hypertension, suggesting a critical role for VEGF in blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the control of BP by VEGF are unclear. To address this question, we administered a specific antibody against the major VEGF receptor, VEGFR2, to normal mice and assessed the consequences on BP. Compared with vehicle-treated controls, administration of the anti-VEGFR2 antibody caused a rapid and sustained increase in BP of approximately 10 mm Hg. This increase in BP was associated with a significant reduction in renin mRNA expression in the kidney (P=0.019) and in urinary excretion of aldosterone (P<0.05). Treatment with the anti-VEGFR2 antibody also caused a marked reduction in the expression of endothelial and neuronal NO synthases in the kidney. To examine the role of NO in the hypertension caused by blocking VEGFR2, mice were treated with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (20 mg/kg per day), an inhibitor of NO production. L-NAME administration abolished the difference in BP between the vehicle- and anti-VEGFR2-treated groups. Our data suggest that VEGF, acting via VEGFR2, plays a critical role in BP control by promoting NO synthase expression and NO activity. Interfering with this pathway is likely to be one mechanism underlying hypertension caused by antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carie S Facemire
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 106 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Herbst RS, Hong D, Chap L, Kurzrock R, Jackson E, Silverman JM, Rasmussen E, Sun YN, Zhong D, Hwang YC, Evelhoch JL, Oliner JD, Le N, Rosen LS. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of AMG 386, a selective angiopoietin inhibitor, in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:3557-65. [PMID: 19546406 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AMG 386 is an investigational peptide-Fc fusion protein (ie, peptibody) that inhibits angiogenesis by preventing the interaction of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 with their receptor, Tie2. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of AMG 386 in adults with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients in sequential cohorts received weekly intravenous AMG 386 doses of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg. Results Thirty-two patients were enrolled on the study and received AMG 386. One occurrence of dose-limiting toxicity was seen at 30 mg/kg: respiratory arrest, which likely was caused by tumor burden that was possibly related to AMG 386. The most common toxicities were fatigue and peripheral edema. Proteinuria (n = 11) was observed without clinical sequelae. Only four patients (12%) experienced treatment-related toxicities greater than grade 1. A maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. PK was dose-linear and the mean terminal-phase elimination half-life values ranged from 3.1 to 6.3 days. Serum AMG 386 levels appeared to reach steady-state after four weekly doses, and there was minimal accumulation. No anti-AMG 386 neutralizing antibodies were detected. Reductions in volume transfer constant (K(trans); measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging) were observed in 10 patients (13 lesions) 48 hours to 8 weeks after treatment. One patient with refractory ovarian cancer achieved a confirmed partial response (ie, 32.5% reduction by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) and withdrew from the study with a partial response after 156 weeks of treatment; four patients experienced stable disease for at least 16 weeks. CONCLUSION Weekly AMG 386 appeared well tolerated, and its safety profile appeared distinct from that of vascular endothelial growth factor-axis inhibitors. AMG 386 also appeared to impact tumor vascularity and showed antitumor activity in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy S Herbst
- Premiere Oncology, California, 2020 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 600, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, Szczylik C, Oudard S, Staehler M, Negrier S, Chevreau C, Desai AA, Rolland F, Demkow T, Hutson TE, Gore M, Anderson S, Hofilena G, Shan M, Pena C, Lathia C, Bukowski RM. Sorafenib for treatment of renal cell carcinoma: Final efficacy and safety results of the phase III treatment approaches in renal cancer global evaluation trial. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:3312-8. [PMID: 19451442 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mature survival data and evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a prognostic biomarker from the Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial (TARGET) study in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine hundred three previously treated patients were randomly assigned to receive sorafenib versus placebo. On demonstration of progression-free survival (PFS) benefit with sorafenib, patients assigned to placebo were offered sorafenib. Overall survival (OS) was determined at two planned interim analyses and one final analysis, with a secondary OS analysis conducted by censoring placebo patients who crossed over to sorafenib. The relationships between baseline VEGF level and prognosis and efficacy were evaluated. RESULTS The final OS of patients receiving sorafenib was comparable with that of patients receiving placebo (17.8 v 15.2 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88; P = .146); however, when post-cross-over placebo survival data were censored, the difference became significant (17.8 v 14.3 months, respectively; HR = 0.78; P = .029). Adverse events at 16 months after cross over were similar to those previously reported. Baseline VEGF levels correlated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P < .0001), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center score (P < .0001), and PFS and OS in univariate (PFS, P = .0013; OS, P = .0009) and multivariate (PFS, P = .0231; OS, P = .0416) analyses of placebo patients and with short OS by multivariate analysis of patients receiving sorafenib (P = .0145). Both high-VEGF (P < .01) and low-VEGF (P < .01) groups benefited from sorafenib. CONCLUSION Although an OS benefit was not seen on a primary intent-to-treat analysis, results of a secondary OS analysis censoring placebo patients demonstrated a survival advantage for those receiving sorafenib, suggesting an important cross-over effect. VEGF levels are prognostic for PFS and OS in RCC. The results of TARGET establish the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in advanced RCC.
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The PG500 series: novel heparan sulfate mimetics as potent angiogenesis and heparanase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:276-83. [PMID: 19357810 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate mimetics, which we have called the PG500 series, have been developed to target the inhibition of both angiogenesis and heparanase activity. This series extends the technology underpinning PI-88, a mixture of highly sulfated oligosaccharides which reached Phase III clinical development for hepatocellular carcinoma. Advances in the chemistry of the PG500 series provide numerous advantages over PI-88. These new compounds are fully sulfated, single entity oligosaccharides attached to a lipophilic moiety, which have been optimized for drug development. The rational design of these compounds has led to vast improvements in potency compared to PI-88, based on in vitro angiogenesis assays and in vivo tumor models. Based on these and other data, PG545 has been selected as the lead clinical candidate for oncology and is currently undergoing formal preclinical development as a novel treatment for advanced cancer.
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Abstract
The use of chemotherapy to treat cancer began at the start of the 20th century with attempts to narrow the universe of chemicals that might affect the disease by developing methods to screen chemicals using transplantable tumors in rodents. It was, however, four World War II-related programs, and the effects of drugs that evolved from them, that provided the impetus to establish in 1955 the national drug development effort known as the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. The ability of combination chemotherapy to cure acute childhood leukemia and advanced Hodgkin's disease in the 1960s and early 1970s overcame the prevailing pessimism about the ability of drugs to cure advanced cancers, facilitated the study of adjuvant chemotherapy, and helped foster the national cancer program. Today, chemotherapy has changed as important molecular abnormalities are being used to screen for potential new drugs as well as for targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T DeVita
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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Hilberg F, Roth GJ, Krssak M, Kautschitsch S, Sommergruber W, Tontsch-Grunt U, Garin-Chesa P, Bader G, Zoephel A, Quant J, Heckel A, Rettig WJ. BIBF 1120: triple angiokinase inhibitor with sustained receptor blockade and good antitumor efficacy. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4774-82. [PMID: 18559524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a novel treatment modality in oncology. Preclinical findings suggest that long-term clinical outcomes may improve with blockade of additional proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases: platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). BIBF 1120 is an indolinone derivative potently blocking VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PDGFR and FGFR kinase activity in enzymatic assays (IC(50), 20-100 nmol/L). BIBF 1120 inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling pathways in three cell types contributing to angiogenesis, endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation (EC(50), 10-80 nmol/L) and apoptosis. In all tumor models tested thus far, including human tumor xenografts growing in nude mice and a syngeneic rat tumor model, BIBF 1120 is highly active at well-tolerated doses (25-100 mg/kg daily p.o.), as measured by magnetic resonance imaging of tumor perfusion after 3 days, reducing vessel density and vessel integrity after 5 days, and inducing profound growth inhibition. A distinct pharmacodynamic feature of BIBF 1120 in cell culture is sustained pathway inhibition (up to 32 hours after 1-hour treatment), suggesting slow receptor off-kinetics. Although BIBF 1120 is rapidly metabolized in vivo by methylester cleavage, resulting in a short mean residence time, once daily oral dosing is fully efficacious in xenograft models. These distinctive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties may help explain clinical observations with BIBF 1120, currently entering phase III clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hilberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are potent agents with significant therapeutic advantages and represent the new standard of care in oncology. Although fairly well tolerated, a major health issue with mAbs is the development of infusion reactions that can range in severity from mild to life threatening. Therefore, it is critical to know how to manage these reactions when the first symptoms appear. Oncology nurses need to be proactive in monitoring, assessing, and managing infusion reactions throughout the entire course of therapy. Nurses are also instrumental in developing a protocol on how to address infusion reactions. Building a partnership with patients and caregivers ensures that patients are safely treated and can fully benefit from mAb therapy.
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Fenner MH, Beutel G, Grünwald V. Targeted therapies for patients with germ cell tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:511-22. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.4.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mullani NA, Herbst RS, O'Neil RG, Gould KL, Barron BJ, Abbruzzese JL. Tumor Blood Flow Measured by PET Dynamic Imaging of First-Pass 18F-FDG Uptake: A Comparison with 15O-Labeled Water-Measured Blood Flow. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:517-23. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.048504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cai ZW, Zhang Y, Borzilleri RM, Qian L, Barbosa S, Wei D, Zheng X, Wu L, Fan J, Shi Z, Wautlet BS, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Kukral DW, Kamath A, Marathe P, D'Arienzo C, Derbin G, Barrish JC, Robl JA, Hunt JT, Lombardo LJ, Fargnoli J, Bhide RS. Discovery of brivanib alaninate ((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-yl)2-aminopropanoate), a novel prodrug of dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 kinase inhibitor (BMS-540215). J Med Chem 2008; 51:1976-80. [PMID: 18288793 DOI: 10.1021/jm7013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of amino acid ester prodrugs of the dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BMS-540215) was prepared in an effort to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the parent compound. These prodrugs were evaluated for their ability to liberate parent drug 1 in in vitro and in vivo systems. The l-alanine prodrug 8 (also known as brivanib alaninate/BMS-582664) was selected as a development candidate and is presently in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-wei Cai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Immunotherapy of Angiogenesis with DNA Vaccines. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Youssoufian H, Hicklin DJ, Rowinsky EK. Review: monoclonal antibodies to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5544s-5548s. [PMID: 17875787 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a fundamental mechanism of cancer growth and invasion. Current translational approaches are using both small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies that modulate various steps of these processes, and several such compounds have already received regulatory approval for the therapy of specific indications in cancer. Among the many molecular targets involved in the control of angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2; or kinase insert domain-containing receptor) is attractive as shown in part by the efficacy of small-molecule inhibitors directed to this receptor. Two small-molecule inhibitors that target VEGFR-2 have recently been granted approval for the treatment of renal cell cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The development of antibodies that can selectively block VEGFR-2 could potentially result in improved potency or tolerability. Here, we discuss the role of VEGFR-2 in cancer and ongoing efforts to develop highly specific monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagop Youssoufian
- Clinical Affairs Department, ImClone Systems, Inc., Branchburg, New Jersey 08876, USA.
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Ekman S, Bergqvist M, Heldin CH, Lennartsson J. Activation of growth factor receptors in esophageal cancer--implications for therapy. Oncologist 2007; 12:1165-77. [PMID: 17962610 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-10-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease and is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related death in the western world. Worldwide, it ranks as the sixth most frequent cause of cancer death. Despite advances in surgical techniques and treatment, the prognosis of esophageal cancer remains poor, with very few long-term survivors. The need for novel strategies to detect esophageal cancer earlier and to improve current therapy is urgent. It is well established that growth factors and growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways are important components of the transformation process in many forms of cancer, including esophageal cancer. With the recent advances in drug development, there are emerging possibilities to use growth factor signal transduction pathways in targeted therapy. This review provides a summary of the role of growth factors and their receptors in esophageal cancer and discusses their potential roles as biomarkers and as targets in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ekman
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Bone metastasis is a critical problem of lung cancer patients. Reproducible animal models of lung cancer bone metastasis, like NK-cell depleted SCID mouse model with SCB-5 cells, are useful to explore the molecular mechanism and search of molecular targets. SBC-5 cells overexpressed PTHrP and that treatment with anti-PTHrP neutralizing antibody inhibited the production of bone metastases of SBC-5 cells in the NK-cell depleted SCID mouse model, indicating the critical role of PTHrP in bone metastasis in this model. In addition, we demonstrated that several compounds, including bisphosphonates and reveromycin A, potentially suppress osteoclast-activity were beneficial for the treatments of bone metastasis. Multi-modality therapy may be necessary for further augmenting the therapeutic efficacy against lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saburo Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, University of Tokushima Gradate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Xu Y, Zhan J, Wijeratne EMK, Burns AM, Gunatilaka AAL, Molnár I. Cytotoxic and Antihaptotactic beauvericin analogues from precursor-directed biosynthesis with the insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1467-71. [PMID: 17803266 DOI: 10.1021/np070262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Precursor-directed biosynthesis was used to produce analogues of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxin beauvericin (1) using the filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Feeding 30 analogues of D-2-hydroxyisovalerate and L-phenylalanine, the natural 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and amino acid precursors of beauvericin, led to the biosynthesis of novel beauvericins. Six of these were isolated and characterized, and their cytotoxicity and directional cell migration (haptotaxis) inhibitory activity against the metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC-3M were evaluated. Replacement of one, two, or all three of the D-2-hydroxyisovalerate constituents in beauvericin (1) with 2-hydroxybutyrate moieties (beauvericins G(1-3), compounds 2-4) caused a parallel decline of cell migration inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, suggesting a requirement for a branched side chain for both of these biological activities at the corresponding positions of beauvericins. Replacement of one, two, or all three N-methyl-L-phenylalanine residues of beauvericin with N-methyl-L-3-fluorophenylalanine moieties (beauvericins H(1-3), compounds 5-7) increased cytotoxicity without affecting antihaptotactic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Xu
- SW Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
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