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Song M, Qiang Y, Zhao X, Song F. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1. [PMID: 38378992 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involved in regulating the process of neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we address the biological characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, this review highlights the underlying mechanistic linkages between cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the context of neurodegeneration. Finally, we also summarize the currently available cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors and their prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 involved in neurodegenerative diseases can lead to the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Qiang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Kapadia A, Theil S, Opitz S, Villacampa N, Beckert H, Schoch S, Heneka MT, Kumar S, Walter J. Phosphorylation-state dependent intraneuronal sorting of Aβ differentially impairs autophagy and the endo-lysosomal system. Autophagy 2024; 20:166-187. [PMID: 37642583 PMCID: PMC10761119 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2252300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AD: Alzheimer disease; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; ATG: autophagy related; Aβ: amyloid-β; CTSD: cathepsin D; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EEA1: early endosome antigen 1; FA: formic acid; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; nmAβ: non-modified amyloid-β; npAβ: non-phosphorylated amyloid-β; pAβ: phosphorylated amyloid-β; p-Ser26Aβ: amyloid-β phosphorylated at serine residue 26; p-Ser8Aβ: amyloid-β phosphorylated at serine residue 8; RAB: RAB, member RAS oncogene family; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestome 1; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kapadia
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Theil
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Opitz
- Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nàdia Villacampa
- Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannes Beckert
- Microscopy core facility, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael. T. Heneka
- Neuroinflammation Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e. V. (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Prediction of resveratrol target proteins: a bioinformatics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1088-1097. [PMID: 37011009 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural compound with a wide range of biological functions that generate health benefits under normal conditions and in multiple diseases. This has attracted the attention of the scientific community, which has revealed that this compound exerts these effects through its action on different proteins. Despite the great efforts made, due to the challenges involved, not all the proteins with which resveratrol interacts have yet been identified. In this work, using protein target prediction bioinformatics systems, RNA sequencing analysis and protein-protein interaction networks, 16 proteins were identified as potential targets of resveratrol. Due to its biological relevance, the interaction of resveratrol with the predicted target CDK5 was further investigated. A docking analysis found that resveratrol can interact with CDK5 and be positioned in its ATP-binding pocket. Resveratrol forms hydrogen bonds between its three hydroxyl groups (-OH) and CDK5 residues C83, D86, K89 and D144. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that these bonds allow resveratrol to remain in the pocket and suggest inhibition of CDK5 activity. All this allows us to better understand how resveratrol acts and to consider CDK5 inhibition within its biological actions, mainly in neurodegenerative diseases where this protein has been shown to be relevant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Miller N, Xu Z, Quinlan KA, Ji A, McGivern JV, Feng Z, Shi H, Ko CP, Tsai LH, Heckman CJ, Ebert AD, Ma YC. Mitigating aberrant Cdk5 activation alleviates mitochondrial defects and motor neuron disease symptoms in spinal muscular atrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300308120. [PMID: 37976261 PMCID: PMC10666147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300308120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the top genetic cause of infant mortality, is characterized by motor neuron degeneration. Mechanisms underlying SMA pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and the conversion of its activating subunit p35 to the more potent activator p25 are significantly up-regulated in mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of SMA. The increase of Cdk5 activity occurs before the onset of SMA phenotypes, suggesting that it may be an initiator of the disease. Importantly, aberrant Cdk5 activation causes mitochondrial defects and motor neuron degeneration, as the genetic knockout of p35 in an SMA mouse model rescues mitochondrial transport and fragmentation defects, and alleviates SMA phenotypes including motor neuron hyperexcitability, loss of excitatory synapses, neuromuscular junction denervation, and motor neuron degeneration. Inhibition of the Cdk5 signaling pathway reduces the degeneration of motor neurons derived from SMA mice and human SMA iPSCs. Altogether, our studies reveal a critical role for the aberrant activation of Cdk5 in SMA pathogenesis and suggest a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Katharina A. Quinlan
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI02881
| | - Amy Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Jered V. McGivern
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Han Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Chien-Ping Ko
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Charles J. Heckman
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Yongchao C. Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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5
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Dileep V, Boix CA, Mathys H, Marco A, Welch GM, Meharena HS, Loon A, Jeloka R, Peng Z, Bennett DA, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Neuronal DNA double-strand breaks lead to genome structural variations and 3D genome disruption in neurodegeneration. Cell 2023; 186:4404-4421.e20. [PMID: 37774679 PMCID: PMC10697236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Persistent DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neurons are an early pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the potential to disrupt genome integrity. We used single-nucleus RNA-seq in human postmortem prefrontal cortex samples and found that excitatory neurons in AD were enriched for somatic mosaic gene fusions. Gene fusions were particularly enriched in excitatory neurons with DNA damage repair and senescence gene signatures. In addition, somatic genome structural variations and gene fusions were enriched in neurons burdened with DSBs in the CK-p25 mouse model of neurodegeneration. Neurons enriched for DSBs also had elevated levels of cohesin along with progressive multiscale disruption of the 3D genome organization aligned with transcriptional changes in synaptic, neuronal development, and histone genes. Overall, this study demonstrates the disruption of genome stability and the 3D genome organization by DSBs in neurons as pathological steps in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Carles A Boix
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asaf Marco
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gwyneth M Welch
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiruy S Meharena
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anjanet Loon
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ritika Jeloka
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhuyu Peng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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6
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Razick DI, Akhtar M, Wen J, Alam M, Dean N, Karabala M, Ansari U, Ansari Z, Tabaie E, Siddiqui S. The Role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in Neurodegeneration. Cureus 2023; 15:e40463. [PMID: 37456463 PMCID: PMC10349546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are a class of histone deacetylases that regulate important metabolic pathways and play a role in several disease processes. Of the seven mammalian homologs currently identified, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the best understood and most studied. It has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. As such, it has been further investigated as a therapeutic target in the treatment of disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIRT1 deacetylates histones such as H1 lysine 26, H3 lysine 9, H3 lysine 56, and H4 lysine 16 to regulate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. The homolog has also been observed to express contradictory responses to tumor suppression and tumor promotion. Studies have shown that SIRT1 may have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the effects of NF-κB, as well as stimulating upregulation of autophagy. The SIRT1 activators resveratrol and cilostazol have been shown to improve Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) scores in AD patients. In this review, we aim to explore the various roles of SIRT1 with regard to neuroprotection and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Razick
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Muzammil Akhtar
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Jimmy Wen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Meraj Alam
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Nabeal Dean
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Muhammad Karabala
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Ubaid Ansari
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Zaid Ansari
- Internal Medicine, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ethan Tabaie
- Neurosurgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Shakeel Siddiqui
- Anesthesiology, OrthoMed Staffing Anesthesiology Group, Dallas, USA
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7
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Pradeep P, Kang H, Lee B. Glycosylation and behavioral symptoms in neurological disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:154. [PMID: 37156804 PMCID: PMC10167254 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the addition of glycans or carbohydrates to proteins, lipids, or other glycans, is a complex post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in cellular function. It is estimated that at least half of all mammalian proteins undergo glycosylation, underscoring its importance in the functioning of cells. This is reflected in the fact that a significant portion of the human genome, around 2%, is devoted to encoding enzymes involved in glycosylation. Changes in glycosylation have been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Despite its widespread occurrence, the role of glycosylation in the central nervous system remains largely unknown, particularly with regard to its impact on behavioral abnormalities in brain diseases. This review focuses on examining the role of three types of glycosylation: N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, in the manifestation of behavioral and neurological symptoms in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajitha Pradeep
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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8
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Pao PC, Seo J, Lee A, Kritskiy O, Patnaik D, Penney J, Raju RM, Geigenmuller U, Silva MC, Lucente DE, Gusella JF, Dickerson BC, Loon A, Yu MX, Bula M, Yu M, Haggarty SJ, Tsai LH. A Cdk5-derived peptide inhibits Cdk5/p25 activity and improves neurodegenerative phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217864120. [PMID: 37043533 PMCID: PMC10120002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217864120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk5) has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. This deleterious effect is mediated by pathological cleavage of the Cdk5 activator p35 into the truncated product p25, leading to prolonged Cdk5 activation and altered substrate specificity. Elevated p25 levels have been reported in humans and rodents with neurodegeneration, and the benefit of genetically blocking p25 production has been demonstrated previously in rodent and human neurodegenerative models. Here, we report a 12-amino-acid-long peptide fragment derived from Cdk5 (Cdk5i) that is considerably smaller than existing peptide inhibitors of Cdk5 (P5 and CIP) but shows high binding affinity toward the Cdk5/p25 complex, disrupts the interaction of Cdk5 with p25, and lowers Cdk5/p25 kinase activity. When tagged with a fluorophore (FITC) and the cell-penetrating transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence, the Cdk5i-FT peptide exhibits cell- and brain-penetrant properties and confers protection against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with Cdk5 hyperactivity in cell and mouse models of neurodegeneration, highlighting Cdk5i's therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute for Science and Technology, Daegu42988, South Korea
| | - Audrey Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Oleg Kritskiy
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Ravikiran M. Raju
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ute Geigenmuller
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Diane E. Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Massachusetts General Hospital Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Gerontology Research Unit, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - James F. Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Gerontology Research Unit, and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA02129
| | - Anjanet Loon
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Margaret X. Yu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Michael Bula
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Melody Yu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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9
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A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1379-1393. [PMID: 36180790 PMCID: PMC9534764 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Environmental cues influence the highly dynamic morphology of microglia. Strategies to characterize these changes usually involve user-selected morphometric features, which preclude the identification of a spectrum of context-dependent morphological phenotypes. Here we develop MorphOMICs, a topological data analysis approach, which enables semiautomatic mapping of microglial morphology into an atlas of cue-dependent phenotypes and overcomes feature-selection biases and biological variability. We extract spatially heterogeneous and sexually dimorphic morphological phenotypes for seven adult mouse brain regions. This sex-specific phenotype declines with maturation but increases over the disease trajectories in two neurodegeneration mouse models, with females showing a faster morphological shift in affected brain regions. Remarkably, microglia morphologies reflect an adaptation upon repeated exposure to ketamine anesthesia and do not recover to control morphologies. Finally, we demonstrate that both long primary processes and short terminal processes provide distinct insights to morphological phenotypes. MorphOMICs opens a new perspective to characterize microglial morphology. Colombo et al. build a morphological spectrum of over 40,000 microglia across development and disease with a topological data analysis approach that allows mapping of new conditions along these sex-region-specific and brain-region-specific atlases.
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10
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Welch GM, Boix CA, Schmauch E, Davila-Velderrain J, Victor MB, Dileep V, Bozzelli PL, Su Q, Cheng JD, Lee A, Leary NS, Pfenning AR, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Neurons burdened by DNA double-strand breaks incite microglia activation through antiviral-like signaling in neurodegeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4662. [PMID: 36170369 PMCID: PMC9519048 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are linked to neurodegeneration and senescence. However, it is not clear how DSB-bearing neurons influence neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration. Here, we characterize DSB-bearing neurons from the CK-p25 mouse model of neurodegeneration using single-nucleus, bulk, and spatial transcriptomic techniques. DSB-bearing neurons enter a late-stage DNA damage response marked by nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-activated senescent and antiviral immune pathways. In humans, Alzheimer's disease pathology is closely associated with immune activation in excitatory neurons. Spatial transcriptomics reveal that regions of CK-p25 brain tissue dense with DSB-bearing neurons harbor signatures of inflammatory microglia, which is ameliorated by NFκB knockdown in neurons. Inhibition of NFκB in DSB-bearing neurons also reduces microglia activation in organotypic mouse brain slice culture. In conclusion, DSBs activate immune pathways in neurons, which in turn adopt a senescence-associated secretory phenotype to elicit microglia activation. These findings highlight a previously unidentified role for neurons in the mechanism of disease-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth M. Welch
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carles A. Boix
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eloi Schmauch
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Davila-Velderrain
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matheus B. Victor
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P. Lorenzo Bozzelli
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qiao Su
- Departments of Computational Biology and Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jemmie D. Cheng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noelle S. Leary
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andreas R. Pfenning
- Departments of Computational Biology and Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Xu YJ, Au NPB, Ma CHE. Functional and Phenotypic Diversity of Microglia: Implication for Microglia-Based Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:896852. [PMID: 35693341 PMCID: PMC9178186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.896852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is closely associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Apart from Aβ and NFT pathologies, AD patients also exhibit a widespread microglial activation in various brain regions with elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a phenomenon known as neuroinflammation. In healthy central nervous system, microglia adopt ramified, “surveying” phenotype with compact cell bodies and elongated processes. In AD, the presence of pathogenic proteins such as extracellular Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, induce the transformation of ramified microglia into amoeboid microglia. Ameboid microglia are highly phagocytic immune cells and actively secrete a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, the phagocytic ability of microglia gradually declines with age, and thus the clearance of pathogenic proteins becomes highly ineffective, leading to the accumulation of Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the aging brain. The accumulation of pathogenic proteins further augments the neuroinflammatory responses and sustains the activation of microglia. The excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces a massive loss of functional synapses and neurons, further worsening the disease condition of AD. More recently, the identification of a subset of microglia by transcriptomic studies, namely disease-associated microglia (DAM), the progressive transition from homeostatic microglia to DAM is TREM2-dependent and the homeostatic microglia gradually acquire the state of DAM during the disease progression of AD. Recent in-depth transcriptomic analysis identifies ApoE and Trem2 from microglia as the major risk factors for AD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current understandings of the functional roles of age-dependent microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. To this end, the exponential growth in transcriptomic data provides a solid foundation for in silico drug screening and gains further insight into the development of microglia-based therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Him Eddie Ma,
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12
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in learning and memory, and their dysregulation has been linked to cognitive impairment in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on HDAC1 and HDAC2, highlighting recent progress on their roles in regulating brain function through distinct mechanisms, including gene repression and DNA repair pathways. Moreover, we discuss evidence demonstrating how HDAC1 and HDAC2 could be modulated and their potential as targets to combat memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Abstract
Cdk5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that governs a variety of cellular processes in neurons, the dysregulation of which compromises normal brain function. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of Cdk5, its modes of action, and its effects on the nervous system have been a great focus in the field for nearly three decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the discovery and regulation of Cdk5, highlighting recent findings revealing its role in neuronal/synaptic functions, circadian clocks, DNA damage, cell cycle reentry, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as its non-neuronal functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we discuss evidence underscoring aberrant Cdk5 activity as a common theme observed in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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14
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Huang W, Bartosch AM, Xiao H, Maji S, Youth EHH, Flowers X, Leskinen S, Tomljanovic Z, Iodice G, Boyett D, Spinazzi E, Menon V, McGovern RA, McKhann GM, Teich AF. An immune response characterizes early Alzheimer's disease pathology and subjective cognitive impairment in hydrocephalus biopsies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5659. [PMID: 34580300 PMCID: PMC8476497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology can be found in cortical biopsies taken during shunt placement for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. This represents an opportunity to study early AD pathology in living patients. Here we report RNA-seq data on 106 cortical biopsies from this patient population. A restricted set of genes correlate with AD pathology in these biopsies, and co-expression network analysis demonstrates an evolution from microglial homeostasis to a disease-associated microglial phenotype in conjunction with increasing AD pathologic burden, along with a subset of additional astrocytic and neuronal genes that accompany these changes. Further analysis demonstrates that these correlations are driven by patients that report mild cognitive symptoms, despite similar levels of biopsy β-amyloid and tau pathology in comparison to patients who report no cognitive symptoms. Taken together, these findings highlight a restricted set of microglial and non-microglial genes that correlate with early AD pathology in the setting of subjective cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marie Bartosch
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harrison Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suvrajit Maji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliot H H Youth
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xena Flowers
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Leskinen
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeljko Tomljanovic
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gail Iodice
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Boyett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vilas Menon
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A McGovern
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Neuroepigenetics, a new branch of epigenetics, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Neuroepigenetics is associated with holistic neuronal function and helps in formation and maintenance of memory and learning processes. This includes neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative defects in which histone modification enzymes appear to play a crucial role. These modifications, carried out by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, regulate biologic and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle progression and oxidative stress. Alterations in acetylation status of histone as well as non-histone substrates lead to transcriptional deregulation. Histone deacetylase decreases acetylation status and causes transcriptional repression of regulatory genes involved in neural plasticity, synaptogenesis, synaptic and neural plasticity, cognition and memory, and neural differentiation. Transcriptional deactivation in the brain results in development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence implicates histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets to combat neurologic disorders. Recent studies have targeted naturally-occurring biomolecules and micro-RNAs to improve cognitive defects and memory. Multi-target drug ligands targeting HDAC have been developed and used in cell-culture and animal-models of neurologic disorders to ameliorate synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we focus on the implications of histone deacetylase enzymes in neuropathology, their regulation of brain function and plausible involvement in the pathogenesis of neurologic defects.
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16
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Pharmacological relevance of CDK inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105115. [PMID: 34182065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cell cycle activation plays a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, terminal neurodegenerative disease that affects memory and other important mental functions. Intracellular deposition of Tau protein, a hyperphosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, and extracellular aggregation of Amyloid β protein, which manifests as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques, respectively, characterize this condition. In recent years, however, several studies have concluded that cell cycle re-entry is one of the key causes of neuronal death in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The eukaryotic cell cycle is well-coordinated machinery that performs critical functions in cell replenishment, such as DNA replication, cell creation, repair, and the birth of new daughter cells from the mother cell. The complex interplay between the levels of various cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at different checkpoints is needed for cell cycle synchronization. CDKIs (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) prevent cyclin degradation and CDK inactivation. Different external and internal factors regulate them differently, and they have different tissue expression and developmental functions. The checkpoints ensure that the previous step is completed correctly before starting the new cell cycle phase, and they protect against the transfer of defects to the daughter cells. Due to the development of more selective and potent ATP-competitive CDK inhibitors, CDK inhibitors appear to be on the verge of having a clinical impact. This avenue is likely to yield new and effective medicines for the treatment of cancer and other neurodegenerative diseases. These new methods for recognizing CDK inhibitors may be used to create non-ATP-competitive agents that target CDK4, CDK5, and other CDKs that have been recognized as important therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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17
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Taccola C, Barneoud P, Cartot-Cotton S, Valente D, Schussler N, Saubaméa B, Chasseigneaux S, Cochois V, Mignon V, Curis E, Lochus M, Nicolic S, Dodacki A, Cisternino S, Declèves X, Bourasset F. Modifications of physical and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier in an inducible mouse model of neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108588. [PMID: 33940010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inducible p25 overexpression mouse model recapitulate many hallmark features of Alzheimer's disase including progressive neuronal loss, elevated Aβ, tau pathology, cognitive dysfunction, and impaired synaptic plasticity. We chose p25 mice to evaluate the physical and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a context of Tau pathology (pTau) and severe neurodegeneration, at an early (3 weeks ON) and a late (6 weeks ON) stage of the pathology. Using in situ brain perfusion and confocal imaging, we found that the brain vascular surface area and the physical integrity of the BBB were unaltered in p25 mice. However, there was a significant 14% decrease in cerebrovascular volume in 6 weeks ON mice, possibly explained by a significant 27% increase of collagen IV in the basement membrane of brain capillaries. The function of the BBB transporters GLUT1 and LAT1 was evaluated by measuring brain uptake of d-glucose and phenylalanine, respectively. In 6 weeks ON p25 mice, d-glucose brain uptake was significantly reduced by about 17% compared with WT, without any change in the levels of GLUT1 protein or mRNA in brain capillaries. The brain uptake of phenylalanine was not significantly reduced in p25 mice compared with WT. Lack of BBB integrity, impaired BBB d-glucose transport have been observed in several mouse models of AD. In contrast, reduced cerebrovascular volume and an increased basement membrane thickness may be more specifically associated with pTau in mouse models of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Taccola
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Sanofi, 3 Digue d'Alfortville, 94140, Alfortville, France; INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Barneoud
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sylvaine Cartot-Cotton
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Sanofi, 3 Digue d'Alfortville, 94140, Alfortville, France
| | - Delphine Valente
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research platform, Sanofi, 3 Digue d'Alfortville, 94140, Alfortville, France
| | - Nathalie Schussler
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91380, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Chasseigneaux
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Cochois
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB(2), EA 7537 « BioSTM », UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France; Service de bioinformatique et statistique médicale, hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Lochus
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicolic
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Dodacki
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, UFR de Pharmacie, Faculté de Santé, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fanchon Bourasset
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000, Besançon, France.
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18
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Lee H, Jeon SG, Kim J, Kang RJ, Kim S, Han K, Park H, Kim K, Sung YM, Nam HY, Koh YH, Song M, Suk K, Hoe H. Ibrutinib modulates Aβ/tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13332. [PMID: 33709472 PMCID: PMC7963331 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that ibrutinib modulates LPS‐induced neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo, but its effects on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive function have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of ibrutinib in two mouse models of AD. In 5xFAD mice, ibrutinib injection significantly reduced Aβ plaque levels by promoting the non‐amyloidogenic pathway of APP cleavage, decreased Aβ‐induced neuroinflammatory responses, and significantly downregulated phosphorylation of tau by reducing levels of phosphorylated cyclin‐dependent kinase‐5 (p‐CDK5). Importantly, tau‐mediated neuroinflammation and tau phosphorylation were also alleviated by ibrutinib injection in PS19 mice. In 5xFAD mice, ibrutinib improved long‐term memory and dendritic spine number, whereas in PS19 mice, ibrutinib did not alter short‐ and long‐term memory but promoted dendritic spinogenesis. Interestingly, the induction of dendritic spinogenesis by ibrutinib was dependent on the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K). Overall, our results suggest that ibrutinib modulates AD‐associated pathology and cognitive function and may be a potential therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Seong‐Min Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
- Medical Device Development Center Daegu‐Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF) Daegu Korea
| | - Kyung‐Min Han
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - HyunHee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Ki‐taek Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Korea
| | - You Me Sung
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC) Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Center for Biomedical Sciences Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Brain Disease Korea National Institute of Health Heungdeok‐gu Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences Yeungnam University Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology Brain Science & Engineering Institute School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Hyang‐Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI) Daegu Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology Daegu Korea
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19
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Morshed N, Ralvenius WT, Nott A, Watson LA, Rodriguez FH, Akay LA, Joughin BA, Pao P, Penney J, LaRocque L, Mastroeni D, Tsai L, White FM. Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec-F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9819. [PMID: 33289969 PMCID: PMC7722784 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec-F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec-8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec-F and Siglec-8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFNγ) in BV-2 cell line and human stem cell-derived microglia models. Siglec-F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV-2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV-2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Morshed
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Alexi Nott
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - L Ashley Watson
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Felicia H Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ping‐Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Lauren LaRocque
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research CenterTempeAZUSA
| | - Li‐Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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20
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Randez-Gil F, Bojunga L, Estruch F, Winderickx J, Del Poeta M, Prieto JA. Sphingolipids and Inositol Phosphates Regulate the Tau Protein Phosphorylation Status in Humanized Yeast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592159. [PMID: 33282871 PMCID: PMC7705114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of protein tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in energy and lipid metabolism have been correlated with the late onset of this neurological disorder. However, it is uncertain if metabolic dysregulation is a consequence of AD or one of the initiating factors of AD pathophysiology. Also, it is unclear whether variations in lipid metabolism regulate the phosphorylation state of tau. Here, we show that in humanized yeast, tau hyperphosphorylation is stimulated by glucose starvation in coincidence with the downregulation of Pho85, the yeast ortholog of CDK5. Changes in inositol phosphate (IP) signaling, which has a central role in energy metabolism, altered tau phosphorylation. Lack of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 (IP6 and IP7 kinases in mammals) increased tau hyperphosphorylation. Similar effects were found by mutation of IPK2 (inositol polyphosphate multikinase), or PLC1, the yeast phospholipase C gene. These effects may be explained by IP-mediated regulation of Pho85. Indeed, this appeared to be the case for plc1, ipk2, and kcs1. However, the effects of Vip1 on tau phosphorylation were independent of the presence of Pho85, suggesting additional mechanisms. Interestingly, kcs1 and vip1 strains, like pho85, displayed dysregulated sphingolipid (SL) metabolism. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SL biosynthesis stimulated the appearance of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau, while increased flux through the pathway reduced its abundance. Finally, we demonstrated that Sit4, the yeast ortholog of human PP2A protein phosphatase, is a downstream effector of SL signaling in mediating the tau phosphorylation state. Altogether, our results add new knowledge on the molecular effectors involved in tauopathies and identify new targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Randez-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lino Bojunga
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Estruch
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
| | - Jose A. Prieto
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Bukke VN, Archana M, Villani R, Romano AD, Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K, Orkisz S, Beggiato S, Serviddio G, Cassano T. The Dual Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207452. [PMID: 33050345 PMCID: PMC7589203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related dementia and neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by Aβ and tau protein deposition impairing learning, memory and suppressing synaptic plasticity of neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that there is a link between the glucose and glutamate alterations with age that down-regulates glucose utilization reducing glutamate levels in AD patients. Deviations in brain energy metabolism reinforce the development of AD by hampering glutamate levels in the brain. Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid and the major excitatory neurotransmitter synthesized from glucose. Alterations in cerebral glucose and glutamate levels precede the deposition of Aβ plaques. In the brain, over 40% of neuronal synapses are glutamatergic and disturbances in glutamatergic function have been implicated in pathophysiology of AD. Nevertheless, targeting the glutamatergic system seems to be a promising strategy to develop novel, improved therapeutics for AD. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of the glutamatergic system in AD pathophysiology as well as the efficacy of glutamatergic agents in this neurodegenerative disorder. We also discuss exciting new prospects for the development of improved therapeutics for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Moola Archana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonino Davide Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stanislaw Orkisz
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Alvarez-Sánchez ME, Zepeda-Cervantes J. Epigenetic basis of Alzheimer disease. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:62-75. [PMID: 33024518 PMCID: PMC7520642 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the primary form of dementia that occurs spontaneously in older adults. Interestingly, the epigenetic profile of the cells forming the central nervous system changes during aging and may contribute to the progression of some neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In this review, we present general insights into relevant epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship with aging and AD. The data suggest that some epigenetic changes during aging could be utilized as biomarkers and target molecules for the prevention and control of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico 03100, Mexico
| | - Josué O Ramírez-Jarquín
- División de neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus Zepeda-Cervantes
- Biología celular y de desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 04510, Mexico
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23
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Park J, Won J, Seo J, Yeo HG, Kim K, Kim YG, Jeon CY, Kam MK, Kim YH, Huh JW, Lee SR, Lee DS, Lee Y. Streptozotocin Induces Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells via CDK5/Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fragmentation. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:235. [PMID: 32903692 PMCID: PMC7438738 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant brain insulin signaling plays a critical role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the progression of AD, with excessive mitochondrial fission in the hippocampus being one of the pathological mechanisms of AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of AD and mitochondrial fragmentation induced by aberrant brain insulin signaling in the hippocampal neurons are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanistic signaling associated with mitochondrial dynamics using streptozotocin (STZ), a diabetogenic compound, in the hippocampus cell line, HT-22 cells. In this metabolic dysfunctional cellular model, hallmarks of AD such as neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss, and tau hyper-phosphorylation are induced by STZ. We found that in the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, phosphorylation is increased in STZ-treated HT-22 cells. We also determined that inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation suppresses STZ-induced AD-like pathology. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 was induced by CDK5, and inhibition of CDK5 suppresses STZ-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and AD-like pathology. Therefore, these findings indicate that mitochondrial morphology and functional regulation may be a strategy of potential therapeutic for treating abnormal metabolic functions associated with the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
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24
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Protein kinases A and C regulate amyloid-β degradation by modulating protein levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme in astrocytes. Neurosci Res 2020; 166:62-72. [PMID: 32512031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease is hallmarked by altered signal transduction via the neurotransmitter receptor-G-protein-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Because the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) depends on its rates of synthesis and clearance, the metabolic pathway of Aβ in the brain and the entire body warrants exploration. The two major enzymes involved in Aβ degradation in the brain are believed to be the neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). This study investigated whether PKA and PKC regulate the degradation of Aβ by modulating the protein levels of neprilysin and IDE in astrocytes. Activation of PKA induced a significant decrease in neprilysin protein levels in cultured astrocytes, whereas activation of PKC induced a significant decrease in the protein level of neprilysin and an increase in the protein level of IDE. Following activation of PKC, the reduction of neprilysin was achieved by its secretion into the culture media. Moreover, PKA-activated astrocytes significantly delayed the degradation of exogenous Aβ, whereas PKC-activated astrocytes significantly facilitated its degradation. These results suggest that PKA and PKC regulate Aβ degradation in astrocytes through a decrease in the protein level of neprilysin and an increase in neprilysin secretion and protein levels of IDE, respectively.
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25
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Allnutt AB, Waters AK, Kesari S, Yenugonda VM. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Cdk5: Potential Directions for Therapeutic Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1218-1230. [PMID: 32286796 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine (ser)/threonine (Thr) kinase that has been demonstrated to be one of the most functionally diverse kinases within neurons. Cdk5 is regulated via binding with its neuron-specific regulatory subunits, p35 or p39. Cdk5-p35 activity is critical for a variety of developmental and cellular processes in the brain, including neuron migration, memory formation, microtubule regulation, and cell cycle suppression. Aberrant activation of Cdk5 via the truncated p35 byproduct, p25, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. The present review highlights the importance of Cdk5 activity and function in the brain and demonstrates how deregulation of Cdk5 can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we cover past drug discovery attempts at inhibiting Cdk5-p25 activity and discuss which types of targeting strategies may prove to be the most successful moving forward.
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26
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Chen D, Wang L, Lee TH. Post-translational Modifications of the Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:129. [PMID: 32195254 PMCID: PMC7064559 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 is a unique enzyme that only binds to Ser/Thr-Pro peptide motifs after phosphorylation and regulates the conformational changes of the bond. The Pin1-catalyzed isomerization upon phosphorylation can have profound effects on substrate biological functions, including their activity, stability, assembly, and subcellular localization, affecting its role in intracellular signaling, transcription, and cell cycle progression. The functions of Pin1 are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) in many biological processes, which include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and oxidation. Phosphorylation of different Pin1 sites regulates Pin1 enzymatic activity, binding ability, localization, and ubiquitination by different kinases under various cellular contexts. Moreover, SUMOylation and oxidation have been shown to downregulate Pin1 activity. Although Pin1 is tightly regulated under physiological conditions, deregulation of Pin1 PTMs contributes to the development of human diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, manipulating the PTMs of Pin1 may be a promising therapeutic option for treating various human diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of Pin1 regulation by PTMs and the major impact of Pin1 PTMs on the progression of cancer and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Höglund K, Schussler N, Kvartsberg H, Smailovic U, Brinkmalm G, Liman V, Becker B, Zetterberg H, Cedazo-Minguez A, Janelidze S, Lefevre IA, Eyquem S, Hansson O, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin in an inducible mouse model of neurodegeneration: A translatable marker of synaptic degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 134:104645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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28
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Lu TT, Wan C, Yang W, Cai Z. Role of Cdk5 in Amyloid-beta Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1206-1215. [PMID: 31820699 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191210094435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with irreversible cognitive
impairment. So far, successful treatment and prevention for this disease are deficient in spite of delaying
the progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a
unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, is involved in AD pathogenesis and may be a
pathophysiological mediator that links the major pathological features of AD. Cdk5 dysregulation interferes
with the proteolytic processing of Amyloid-beta Protein Precursor (APP) and modulates amyloidbeta
(Aβ) by affecting three enzymes called α-, β- and γ-secretase, which are critical for the hydrolysis
of APP. Given that the accumulation and deposition of Aβ derived from APP are a common hinge point
in the numerous pathogenic hypotheses of AD, figuring out that influence of specific mechanisms of
Cdk5 on Aβ pathology will deepen our understanding of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengqun Wan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenming Yang
- Departmentof Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031 Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400013, Chongqing, China
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29
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McAvoy KM, Rajamohamed Sait H, Marsh G, Peterson M, Reynolds TL, Gagnon J, Geisler S, Leach P, Roberts C, Cahir-McFarland E, Ransohoff RM, Crotti A. Cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects of neuronal BIN1 loss in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220125. [PMID: 31408457 PMCID: PMC6692034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BIN1 is the most important risk locus for Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD), after ApoE. BIN1 AD-associated SNPs correlate with Tau deposition as well as with brain atrophy. Furthermore, the level of neuronal-specific BIN1 isoform 1 protein is decreased in sporadic AD cases in parallel with neuronal loss, despite an overall increase in BIN1 total mRNA. To address the relationship between reduction of BIN1 and neuronal cell loss in the context of Tau pathology, we knocked-down endogenous murine Bin1 via stereotaxic injection of AAV-Bin1 shRNA in the hippocampus of mice expressing Tau P301S (PS19). We observed a statistically significant reduction in the number of neurons in the hippocampus of mice injected with AAV-Bin1 shRNA in comparison with mice injected with AAV control. To investigate whether neuronal loss is due to deletion of Bin1 selectively in neurons in presence Tau P301S, we bred Bin1flox/flox with Thy1-Cre and subsequently with PS19 mice. Mice lacking neuronal Bin1 and expressing Tau P301S showed increased mortality, without increased neuropathology, when compared to neuronal Bin1 and Tau P301S-expressing mice. The loss of Bin1 isoform 1 resulted in reduced excitability in primary neurons in vitro, reduced neuronal c-fos expression as well as in altered microglia transcriptome in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that the contribution of genetic variation in BIN1 locus to AD risk could result from a cell-autonomous reduction of neuronal excitability due to Bin1 decrease, exacerbated by the presence of aggregated Tau, coupled with a non-cell autonomous microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jake Gagnon
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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30
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Amal H, Gong G, Gjoneska E, Lewis SM, Wishnok JS, Tsai LH, Tannenbaum SR. S-nitrosylation of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF213 alters non-canonical Wnt/Ca+2 signaling in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:44. [PMID: 30696811 PMCID: PMC6351542 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MAPT gene, which encodes the tau protein, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with epilepsy, and other types of dementia. The missense mutation in the Mapt gene in the P301S mouse model of FTD results in impaired synaptic function and microgliosis at three months of age, which are the earliest manifestations of disease. Here, we examined changes in the S-nitrosoproteome in 2-month-old transgenic P301S mice in order to detect molecular events corresponding to early stages of disease progression. S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteins were identified in two brain regions, cortex and hippocampus, in P301S and Wild Type (WT) littermate control mice. We found major changes in the S-nitrosoproteome between the groups in both regions. Several pathways converged to show that calcium regulation and non-canonical Wnt signaling are affected using GO and pathway analysis. Significant increase in 3-nitrotyrosine was found in the CA1 and entorhinal cortex regions, which indicates an elevation of oxidative stress and nitric oxide formation. There was evidence of increased Non-Canonical Wnt/Ca++ (NC-WCa) signaling in the cortex of the P301S mice; including increases in phosphorylated CaMKII, and S-nitrosylation of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF213 (RNF-213) leading to increased levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFAT-1) and FILAMIN-A, which further amplify the NC-WCa and contribute to the pathology. These findings implicate activation of the NC-WCa pathway in tauopathy and provide novel insights into the contribution of S-nitrosylation to NC-WCa activation, and offer new potential drug targets for treatment of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Amal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Guanyu Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeta Gjoneska
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah M Lewis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John S Wishnok
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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31
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Kessete Afewerky H, Maibouge TMS, Ghose B, Wang X. Involvement of calpain in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:608-630. [PMID: 30260518 PMCID: PMC6585958 DOI: 10.1002/med.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common (60% to 80%) age‐related disease associated with dementia and is characterized by a deterioration of behavioral and cognitive capacities leading to death in few years after diagnosis, mainly due to complications from chronic illness. The characteristic hallmarks of the disease are extracellular senile plaques (SPs) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with neuropil threads, which are a direct result of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing to Aβ, and τ hyperphosphorylation. However, many indirect underlying processes play a role in this event. One of these underlying mechanisms leading to these histological hallmarks is the uncontrolled hyperactivation of a family of cysteine proteases called calpains. Under normal physiological condition calpains participate in many processes of cells’ life and their activation is tightly controlled. However, with an increase in age, increased oxidative stress and other excitotoxicity assaults, this regulatory system becomes impaired and result in increased activation of these proteases involving them in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegeneration like AD. Reviewed here is a pool of data on the implication of calpains in the pathogenesis of AD, the underlying molecular mechanism, and the potential of targeting these enzymes for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tanko Mahamane Salissou Maibouge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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32
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Ziemka-Nalecz M, Jaworska J, Sypecka J, Zalewska T. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: A Therapeutic Key in Neurological Disorders? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:855-870. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Sundaram JR, Poore CP, Sulaimee NHB, Pareek T, Cheong WF, Wenk MR, Pant HC, Frautschy SA, Low CM, Kesavapany S. Curcumin Ameliorates Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Memory Deficits in p25 Transgenic Mouse Model that Bears Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1429-1442. [PMID: 29036814 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that neuroinflammation is indeed associated with neurodegenerative disease pathology. However, failures of recent clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative disorders have emphasized the need to better understand the complexity of the neuroinflammatory process in order to unravel its link with neurodegeneration. Deregulation of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity by production of its hyperactivator p25 is involved in the formation of tau and amyloid pathology reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies show an association between p25/Cdk5 hyperactivation and robust neuroinflammation. In addition, we recently reported the novel link between the p25/Cdk5 hyperactivation-induced inflammatory responses and neurodegenerative changes using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses p25 (p25Tg). In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of early intervention with a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent, curcumin, on p25-mediated neuroinflammation and the progression of neurodegeneration in p25Tg mice. The results from this study showed that curcumin effectively counteracted the p25-mediated glial activation and pro-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines production in p25Tg mice. Moreover, this curcumin-mediated suppression of neuroinflammation reduced the progression of p25-induced tau/amyloid pathology and in turn ameliorated the p25-induced cognitive impairments. It is widely acknowledged that to treat AD, one must target the early-stage of pathological changes to protect neurons from irreversible damage. In line with this, our results demonstrated that early intervention of inflammation could reduce the progression of AD-like pathological outcomes. Moreover, our data provide a rationale for the potential use of curcuminoids in the treatment of inflammation associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyapriya Raja Sundaram
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charlene Priscilla Poore
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noor Hazim Bin Sulaimee
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tej Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Fun Cheong
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally A Frautschy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- Neurobiology and Ageing Program, Centre for Life Sciences, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Mathys H, Adaikkan C, Gao F, Young JZ, Manet E, Hemberg M, De Jager PL, Ransohoff RM, Regev A, Tsai LH. Temporal Tracking of Microglia Activation in Neurodegeneration at Single-Cell Resolution. Cell Rep 2018; 21:366-380. [PMID: 29020624 PMCID: PMC5642107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages in the brain, are damage sensors that react to nearly any perturbation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we determined the transcriptome of more than 1,600 individual microglia cells isolated from the hippocampus of a mouse model of severe neurodegeneration with AD-like phenotypes and of control mice at multiple time points during progression of neurodegeneration. In this neurodegeneration model, we discovered two molecularly distinct reactive microglia phenotypes that are typified by modules of co-regulated type I and type II interferon response genes, respectively. Furthermore, our work identified previously unobserved heterogeneity in the response of microglia to neurodegeneration, discovered disease stage-specific microglia cell states, revealed the trajectory of cellular reprogramming of microglia in response to neurodegeneration, and uncovered the underlying transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennie Z Young
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elodie Manet
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Department of Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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35
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Yamakawa H, Cheng J, Penney J, Gao F, Rueda R, Wang J, Yamakawa S, Kritskiy O, Gjoneska E, Tsai LH. The Transcription Factor Sp3 Cooperates with HDAC2 to Regulate Synaptic Function and Plasticity in Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1319-1334. [PMID: 28793257 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylase HDAC2, which negatively regulates synaptic gene expression and neuronal plasticity, is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse models. Therapeutics targeting HDAC2 hold promise for ameliorating AD-related cognitive impairment; however, attempts to generate HDAC2-specific inhibitors have failed. Here, we take an integrative genomics approach to identify proteins that mediate HDAC2 recruitment to synaptic plasticity genes. Functional screening revealed that knockdown of the transcription factor Sp3 phenocopied HDAC2 knockdown and that Sp3 facilitated recruitment of HDAC2 to synaptic genes. Importantly, like HDAC2, Sp3 expression was elevated in AD patients and mouse models, where Sp3 knockdown ameliorated synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, exogenous expression of an HDAC2 fragment containing the Sp3-binding domain restored synaptic plasticity and memory in a mouse model with severe neurodegeneration. Our findings indicate that targeting the HDAC2-Sp3 complex could enhance cognitive function without affecting HDAC2 function in other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekuni Yamakawa
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jemmie Cheng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard Rueda
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Satoko Yamakawa
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oleg Kritskiy
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeta Gjoneska
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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37
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Transient enhancement of proliferation of neural progenitors and impairment of their long-term survival in p25 transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39148-39161. [PMID: 27283769 PMCID: PMC5129921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates important neuronal functions via p35. p35 undergoes cleavage in response to neuronal activity and neurotoxic conditions to release its subunit p25. Although p25 has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms by which p25 mediates neurodegenerative impairment have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the role of p25-mediated neurodegeneration on neurogenesis in an inducible transgenic mouse line overexpressing p25 (p25 TG) in the forebrain. Adult neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) were labeled with BrdU in vivo, which were significantly increased in numbers in the subventricular zone, the hippocampus, and the cortex of p25 TG mice. Consistently, more mitotic cells were observed in p25 TG mice than in controls, even in the cortex and the CA1, which are not neurogenic regions. BrdU-positive cells were negative for GFAP or γ-H2AX, suggesting that they are not astrocytes or dying cells. Neurospheres derived from the dentate gyrus and the cortex were significantly increased in p25 TG mice and can be differentiated into astrocytes and neurons. However, p25 TG decreased the long-term survival of proliferating NPCs and severely impaired adult neurogenesis. A Transwell co-culture system was used to assess the influence of p25-expressing primary neurons on adult NPCs. Co-culture with p25-expressing neurons downregulated Ki67 expression and upregulated cleaved caspase-3, indicating that the paracrine signaling in cell-cell communication is essential for NPC survival and proliferation. Moreover, increased CDK5 activity impairs Wnt activation. This study demonstrates that hyperactivation of p25 may temporarily enhance NPC proliferation, but impair their long-term survival.
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Donahue RJ, Moller-Trane R, Nickells RW. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic changes in optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models reveals a fundamental response to injury throughout the central nervous system. Mol Vis 2017; 23:987-1005. [PMID: 29386873 PMCID: PMC5757855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to transcriptional changes that effect tissue function and govern the process of neurodegeneration. Numerous microarray and RNA-Seq studies have been performed to identify these transcriptional changes in the retina following optic nerve injury and elsewhere in the CNS following a variety of insults. We reasoned that conserved transcriptional changes between injury paradigms would be important contributors to the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, we compared the expression results from heterogeneous studies of optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models. METHODS Expression data was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. A uniform method for normalizing expression data and detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes was used to compare the transcriptomes from models of acute optic nerve injury (AONI), chronic optic nerve injury (CONI) and brain neurodegeneration. DE genes were split into genes that were more or less prevalent in the injured condition than the control condition (enriched and depleted, respectively) and transformed into their human orthologs so that transcriptomes from different species could be compared. Biologic significance of shared genes was assessed by analyzing lists of shared genes for gene ontology (GO) term over-representation and for representation in KEGG pathways. RESULTS There was significant overlap of enriched DE genes between transcriptomes of AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies even though the overall concordance between datasets was low. The depleted DE genes identified between AONI and CONI models were significantly overlapping, but this significance did not extend to comparisons between optic nerve injury models and neurodegeneration studies. The GO terms overrepresented among the enriched genes shared between AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies were related to innate immune processes like the complement system and interferon signaling. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that transcriptional alteration between JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling, among others, were conserved between all models that were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS There is a conserved transcriptional response to injury in the CNS. This transcriptional response is driven by the activation of the innate immune system and several regulatory pathways. Understanding the cellular origin of these pathways and the pathological consequences of their activation is essential for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ralph Moller-Trane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Imm J, Kerrigan TL, Jeffries A, Lunnon K. Using induced pluripotent stem cells to explore genetic and epigenetic variation associated with Alzheimer's disease. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1455-1468. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that both genetic and epigenetic variation play a role in Alzheimer's disease initiation and progression. With the advent of somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells it is now possible to generate patient-derived cells that are able to more accurately model and recapitulate disease. Furthermore, by combining this with recent advances in (epi)genome editing technologies, it is possible to begin to examine the functional consequence of previously nominated genetic variants and infer epigenetic causality from recently identified epigenetic variants. In this review, we explore the role of genetic and epigenetic variation in Alzheimer's disease and how the functional relevance of nominated loci can be investigated using induced pluripotent stem cells and (epi)genome editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Imm
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Talitha L Kerrigan
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Aaron Jeffries
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Katie Lunnon
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
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40
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Park J, Kim B, Chae U, Lee DG, Kam MK, Lee SR, Lee S, Lee HS, Park JW, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 Decreases Beta-Amyloid-Mediated Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Activation Through Regulation of Ca 2+-Mediated Calpain Activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:715-726. [PMID: 28358580 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aberrant Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) and oxidative stress are crucial components of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported that a change in peroxiredoxin (Prx) expression is associated with protection from neuronal death. The aim of the current study was to analyze the role of Prx in regulating Cdk5 activation in AD. RESULTS We found that of the six Prx subtypes, Prx5 was increased the most in cellular (N2a-APPswe cells) model of AD. Prx5 in the brain of APP (amyloid precursor protein) transgenic mouse (Tg2576) was more increased than a nontransgenic mouse. We evaluated Prx5 function by using overexpression (Prx5-WT), a mutation in the catalytic residue (Prx5-C48S), and knockdown. Increased neuronal death and Cdk5 activation by amyloid beta oligomer (AβO) were rescued by Prx5-WT expression, but not by Prx5-C48S or Prx5 knockdown. Prx5 plays a role in Cdk5 regulation by inhibiting the conversion of p35 to p25, which is increased by AβO accumulation. Prx5 is also upregulated in both the cytosol and mitochondria and it protects cells from AβO-mediated oxidative stress by eliminating intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Prx5 regulates Ca2+ and Ca2+-mediated calpain activation, which are key regulators of p35 cleavage to p25. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study represents the first demonstration that Prx5 induction is a key factor in the suppression of Cdk5-related neuronal death in AD and we show that it functions via regulation of Ca2+-mediated calpain activation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 715-726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Unbin Chae
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- 3 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- 4 Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
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M344 promotes nonamyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing while normalizing Alzheimer's disease genes and improving memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9135-E9144. [PMID: 29073110 PMCID: PMC5664514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707544114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of failed clinical trials with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients over the last fifteen years demonstrate that the one-target–one-disease approach is not effective in AD. In silico, structure-based, multitarget drug design approaches to treat multifactorial diseases have not been successful in the context of AD either. Here, we show that M344, an inhibitor of class I and IIB histone deacetylases, affects multiple AD-related genes, including those related to both early- and late-onset AD. We also show that M344 improves memory in the 3xTg AD mouse model. This work endorses a shift to a multitargeted approach to the treatment of AD, supporting the therapeutic potential of a single small molecule with an epigenetic mechanism of action. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comprises multifactorial ailments for which current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient to broadly address the underlying pathophysiology. Epigenetic gene regulation relies upon multifactorial processes that regulate multiple gene and protein pathways, including those involved in AD. We therefore took an epigenetic approach where a single drug would simultaneously affect the expression of a number of defined AD-related targets. We show that the small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitor M344 reduces beta-amyloid (Aβ), reduces tau Ser396 phosphorylation, and decreases both β-secretase (BACE) and APOEε4 gene expression. M344 increases the expression of AD-relevant genes: BDNF, α-secretase (ADAM10), MINT2, FE65, REST, SIRT1, BIN1, and ABCA7, among others. M344 increases sAPPα and CTFα APP metabolite production, both cleavage products of ADAM10, concordant with increased ADAM10 gene expression. M344 also increases levels of immature APP, supporting an effect on APP trafficking, concurrent with the observed increase in MINT2 and FE65, both shown to increase immature APP in the early secretory pathway. Chronic i.p. treatment of the triple transgenic (APPsw/PS1M146V/TauP301L) mice with M344, at doses as low as 3 mg/kg, significantly prevented cognitive decline evaluated by Y-maze spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition, and Barnes maze spatial memory tests. M344 displays short brain exposure, indicating that brief pulses of daily drug treatment may be sufficient for long-term efficacy. Together, these data show that M344 normalizes several disparate pathogenic pathways related to AD. M344 therefore serves as an example of how a multitargeting compound could be used to address the polygenic nature of multifactorial diseases.
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Small things matter: Implications of APP intracellular domain AICD nuclear signaling in the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:189-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chang WS, Wang YH, Zhu XT, Wu CJ. Genome-Wide Profiling of miRNA and mRNA Expression in Alzheimer's Disease. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2721-2731. [PMID: 28578378 PMCID: PMC5467707 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) which can serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Material/Methods We performed miRNA and mRNA integrated analysis (MMIA) to identify DEGs and DEmiRNAs of AD. The AD-specific DEmiRNAs-targets interaction network was contrasted. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Q-RT-PCR was used to verify the expression of selected DEGs and DEmiRNAs. Results We conducted MMIA of AD based on 1 miRNA dataset and 3 mRNA datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; 1759 DEGs and 12 DEmiRNAs were obtained. DEGs of AD were significantly enriched in Huntington’s disease and AD. LRP1, CDK5R1, PLCβ2, NDUFA4, and DLG4 were 5 DEGs regulated by 4 DEmiRNAs, including miR-26b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-107, and miR-103a-3p. These 4 miRNAs were the top 4 miRNAs covering most DEGs. According to the qRT-PCR results, the expression of PLCβ2, NDUFA4, DLG4, miR-107, and miR-103a-3p was consistent with our integrated analysis. Conclusions We concluded that LRP1, CDK5R1, PLCβ2, NDUFA4, and DLG4 may play a role in AD regulated by miR-26b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-107, and miR-103a-3p. Our findings will contribute to identification of biomarkers and new strategies for drug design for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sheng Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Tun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan-Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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44
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Ripoli C. Engrampigenetics: Epigenetics of engram memory cells. Behav Brain Res 2017; 325:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Shukla V, Seo J, Binukumar B, Amin ND, Reddy P, Grant P, Kuntz S, Kesavapany S, Steiner J, Mishra SK, Tsai LH, Pant HC. TFP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive Cdk5/p25, Attenuates Pathological Phenotypes and Restores Synaptic Function in CK-p25Tg Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:335-349. [PMID: 28085018 PMCID: PMC10020940 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be, in part, responsible for the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has been proposed by several laboratories that hyperactive cdk5 results from the overexpression of p25 (a truncated fragment of p35, the normal cdk5 regulator), which, when complexed to cdk5, induces hyperactivity, hyperphosphorylated tau/NFTs, amyloid-β plaques, and neuronal death. It has previously been shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the cdk5 activator p35, penetrated the blood-brain barrier and significantly rescued AD-like pathology in 5XFAD model mice. The principal pathology in the 5XFAD mutant, however, is extensive amyloid plaques; hence, as a proof of concept, we believe it is essential to demonstrate the peptide's efficacy in a mouse model expressing high levels of p25, such as the inducible CK-p25Tg model mouse that overexpresses p25 in CamKII positive neurons. Using a modified TFP5 treatment, here we show that peptide i.p. injections in these mice decrease cdk5 hyperactivity, tau, neurofilament-M/H hyperphosphorylation, and restore synaptic function and behavior (i.e., spatial working memory, motor deficit using Rota-rod). It is noteworthy that TFP5 does not inhibit endogenous cdk5/p35 activity, nor other cdks in vivo suggesting it might have no toxic side effects, and may serve as an excellent therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders expressing abnormally high brain levels of p25 and hyperactive cdk5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B.K. Binukumar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niranjana D. Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Preethi Reddy
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Grant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Kuntz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph Steiner
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Santosh K. Mishra
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence to: Dr. Harish C. Pant, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Zhang ZX, Zhao RP, Wang DS, Li YB. Fuzhisan Ameliorates the Memory Deficits in Aged SAMP8 Mice via Decreasing Aβ Production and Tau Hyperphosphorylation of the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:3074-3082. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sheng Y, Zhang L, Su SC, Tsai LH, Julius Zhu J. Cdk5 is a New Rapid Synaptic Homeostasis Regulator Capable of Initiating the Early Alzheimer-Like Pathology. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:2937-51. [PMID: 26088971 PMCID: PMC4898661 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in synaptic plasticity, behavior, and cognition, yet its synaptic function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that physiological Cdk5 signaling in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons regulates homeostatic synaptic transmission using an unexpectedly rapid mechanism that is different from all known slow homeostatic regulators, such as beta amyloid (Aβ) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, aka Arg3.1). Interestingly, overproduction of the potent Cdk5 activator p25 reduces synapse density, and dynamically regulates synaptic size by suppressing or enhancing Aβ/Arc production. Moreover, chronic overproduction of p25, seen in Alzheimer's patients, induces initially concurrent reduction in synapse density and increase in synaptic size characteristic of the early Alzheimer-like pathology, and later persistent synapse elimination in intact brains. These results identify Cdk5 as the regulator of a novel rapid form of homeostasis at central synapses and p25 as the first molecule capable of initiating the early Alzheimer's synaptic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Undergraduate Class of 2011, Yuanpei Honors College, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susan C. Su
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J. Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Gu XH, Xu LJ, Liu ZQ, Wei B, Yang YJ, Xu GG, Yin XP, Wang W. The flavonoid baicalein rescues synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:309-321. [PMID: 27233830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that disruptions of synaptic functions correlate with the severity of cognitive deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous study demonstrated that baicalein enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) in acute rat hippocampal slices and improves hippocampus-dependent contextual fear conditioning in rats. Given that baicalein possess various biological activities, especially its effects on synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, we examined the effect of baicalein on synaptic function both in vitro and in vivo in AD model. The effect of baicalein on Aβ42 oligomer impaired LTP was investigated by electrophysiological methods. Baicalein was administered orally via drinking water to the APP/PS1 mice and sex- and age-matched wild-type mice. Treatment started at 5 months of age and mice were assessed for cognition and AD-like pathology at 7-month-old. Cognition was analyzed by Morris water maze test, fear conditioning test, and novel object recognition test. Changes in hippocampal 12/15 Lipoxygenase (12/15LO) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity, Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density were evaluated. Baicalein prevented Aβ-induced impairments in hippocampal LTP through activation of serine threonine Kinase (Akt) phosphorylation. Long-term oral administration of baicalein inhibited 12/15LO and GSK3β activity, reduced β-secretase enzyme (BACE1), decreased the concentration of total Aβ, and prevented phosphorylation of tau in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, baicalein restored spine number, synaptic plasticity, and memory deficits. Our results strengthen the potential of the flavonoid baicalein as a novel and promising oral bioactive therapeutic agent that prevents memory deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Hu Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Department of Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Department of Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China
| | - Guo-Gang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Nanlou Respiratory Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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S-nitrosation of proteins relevant to Alzheimer's disease during early stages of neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4152-7. [PMID: 27035958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521318113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation (SNO-protein), the nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols, is an important regulatory mechanism of protein function in both physiological and pathological pathways. A key first step toward elucidating the mechanism by which S-nitrosation modulates a protein's function is identification of the targeted cysteine residues. Here, we present a strategy for the simultaneous identification of SNO-cysteine sites and their cognate proteins to profile the brain of the CK-p25-inducible mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration. The approach-SNOTRAP (SNO trapping by triaryl phosphine)-is a direct tagging strategy that uses phosphine-based chemical probes, allowing enrichment of SNO-peptides and their identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. SNOTRAP identified 313 endogenous SNO-sites in 251 proteins in the mouse brain, of which 135 SNO-proteins were detected only during neurodegeneration. S-nitrosation in the brain shows regional differences and becomes elevated during early stages of neurodegeneration in the CK-p25 mouse. The SNO-proteome during early neurodegeneration identified increased S-nitrosation of proteins important for synapse function, metabolism, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. In the latter case, proteins related to amyloid precursor protein processing and secretion are S-nitrosated, correlating with increased amyloid formation. Sequence analysis of SNO-cysteine sites identified potential linear motifs that are altered under pathological conditions. Collectively, SNOTRAP is a direct tagging tool for global elucidation of the SNO-proteome, providing functional insights of endogenous SNO proteins in the brain and its dysregulation during neurodegeneration.
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Sanchez-Mut JV, Gräff J. Epigenetic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:347. [PMID: 26734709 PMCID: PMC4681781 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in Western societies. It progresses asymptomatically during decades before being belatedly diagnosed when therapeutic strategies have become unviable. Although several genetic alterations have been associated with AD, the vast majority of AD cases do not show strong genetic underpinnings and are thus considered a consequence of non-genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms allow for the integration of long-lasting non-genetic inputs on specific genetic backgrounds, and recently, a growing number of epigenetic alterations in AD have been described. For instance, an accumulation of dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms in aging, the predominant risk factor of AD, might facilitate the onset of the disease. Likewise, mutations in several enzymes of the epigenetic machinery have been associated with neurodegenerative processes that are altered in AD such as impaired learning and memory formation. Genome-wide and locus-specific epigenetic alterations have also been reported, and several epigenetically dysregulated genes validated by independent groups. From these studies, a picture emerges of AD as being associated with DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, suggesting a general repressed chromatin state and epigenetically reduced plasticity in AD. Here we review these recent findings and discuss several technical and methodological considerations that are imperative for their correct interpretation. We also pay particular focus on potential implementations and theoretical frameworks that we expect will help to better direct future studies aimed to unravel the epigenetic participation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Sanchez-Mut
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory - UPGRAEFF, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory - UPGRAEFF, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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