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Frost-Nylén J, Thompson WS, Robertson B, Grillner S. The Basal Ganglia Downstream Control of Action - An Evolutionarily Conserved Strategy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1419-1430. [PMID: 37563813 PMCID: PMC11097981 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810141746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor areas of the cortex and the basal ganglia both contribute to determining which motor actions will be recruited at any moment in time, and their functions are intertwined. Here, we review the basal ganglia mechanisms underlying the selection of behavior of the downstream control of motor centers in the midbrain and brainstem and show that the basic organization of the forebrain motor system is evolutionarily conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny. The output level of the basal ganglia (e.g. substantia nigra pars reticulata) has GABAergic neurons that are spontaneously active at rest and inhibit a number of specific motor centers, each of which can be relieved from inhibition if the inhibitory output neurons themselves become inhibited. The motor areas of the cortex act partially via the dorsolateral striatum (putamen), which has specific modules for the forelimb, hindlimb, trunk, etc. Each module operates in turn through the two types of striatal projection neurons that control the output modules of the basal ganglia and thereby the downstream motor centers. The mechanisms for lateral inhibition in the striatum are reviewed as well as other striatal mechanisms contributing to action selection. The motor cortex also exerts a direct excitatory action on specific motor centers. An overview is given of the basal ganglia control exerted on the different midbrain/brainstem motor centers, and the efference copy information fed back via the thalamus to the striatum and cortex, which is of importance for the planning of future movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brita Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Klavinskis-Whiting S, Bitzenhofer S, Hanganu-Opatz I, Ellender T. Generation and propagation of bursts of activity in the developing basal ganglia. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10595-10613. [PMID: 37615347 PMCID: PMC10560579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is characterized by intermittent bursts of oscillatory activity interspersed by relative silence. Although well-characterized for many cortical areas, to what extent these propagate and interact with subcortical brain areas is largely unknown. Here, early network activity was recorded from the developing basal ganglia, including motor/somatosensory cortex, dorsal striatum, and intralaminar thalamus, during the first postnatal weeks in mice. An unsupervised detection and classification method revealed two main classes of bursting activity, namely spindle bursts and nested gamma spindle bursts, characterized by oscillatory activity at ~ 10 and ~ 30 Hz frequencies, respectively. These were reliably identified across all three brain regions and exhibited region-specific differences in their structural, spectral, and developmental characteristics. Bursts of the same type often co-occurred in different brain regions and coherence and cross-correlation analyses reveal dynamic developmental changes in their interactions. The strongest interactions were seen for cortex and striatum, from the first postnatal week onwards, and cortex appeared to drive burst events in subcortical regions. Together, these results provide the first detailed description of early network activity within the developing basal ganglia and suggest that cortex is one of the main drivers of activity in downstream nuclei during this postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Bitzenhofer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana Hanganu-Opatz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX13QT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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3
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Franz D, Richter A, Köhling R. Electrophysiological insights into deep brain stimulation of the network disorder dystonia. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1133-1147. [PMID: 37530804 PMCID: PMC10499667 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a treatment for modulating the abnormal central neuronal circuitry, has become the standard of care nowadays and is sometimes the only option to reduce symptoms of movement disorders such as dystonia. However, on the one hand, there are still open questions regarding the pathomechanisms of dystonia and, on the other hand, the mechanisms of DBS on neuronal circuitry. That lack of knowledge limits the therapeutic effect and makes it hard to predict the outcome of DBS for individual dystonia patients. Finding electrophysiological biomarkers seems to be a promising option to enable adapted individualised DBS treatment. However, biomarker search studies cannot be conducted on patients on a large scale and experimental approaches with animal models of dystonia are needed. In this review, physiological findings of deep brain stimulation studies in humans and animal models of dystonia are summarised and the current pathophysiological concepts of dystonia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Franz
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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4
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Edmonds B, Miyakoshi M, Gianmaria Remore L, Ahn S, Westley Phillips H, Daida A, Salamon N, Bari A, Sankar R, Matsumoto JH, Fallah A, Nariai H. Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 154:116-125. [PMID: 37595481 PMCID: PMC10529874 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize ictal EEG change in the centromedian (CM) and anterior nucleus (AN) of the thalamus, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings. METHODS Forty habitual seizures were analyzed in nine patients with pediatric-onset neocortical drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent SEEG (age 2-25 y) with thalamic coverage. Both visual and quantitative analysis was used to evaluate ictal EEG signal in the cortex and thalamus. The amplitude and cortico-thalamic latencies of broadband frequencies at ictal onset were measured. RESULTS Visual analysis demonstrated consistent detection of ictal EEG changes in both the CM nucleus and AN nucleus with latency to thalamic ictal EEG changes of less than 400 ms in 95% of seizures, with low-voltage fast activity being the most common ictal pattern. Quantitative broadband amplitude analysis showed consistent power changes across the frequency bands, corresponding to ictal EEG onset, while while ictal EEG latency was variable from -18.0 seconds to 13.2 seconds. There was no significant difference between detection of CM and AN ictal activity on visual or amplitude analysis. Four patients with subsequent thalamic responsive neurostimulation (RNS) demonstrated ictal EEG changes consistent with SEEG findings. CONCLUSIONS Ictal EEG changes were consistently seen at the CM and AN of the thalamus during neocortical seizures. SIGNIFICANCE It may be feasible to use a closed-loop system in the thalamus to detect and modulate seizure activity for neocortical epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Edmonds
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Luigi Gianmaria Remore
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Westley Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atsuro Daida
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ausaf Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joyce H Matsumoto
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Nariai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Fallon IP, Hughes RN, Severino FPU, Kim N, Lawry CM, Watson GDR, Roshchina M, Yin HH. The role of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus in action initiation and steering. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2941-2951.e4. [PMID: 37390830 PMCID: PMC10528051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The parafascicular (Pf) nucleus of the thalamus has been implicated in arousal and attention, but its contributions to behavior remain poorly characterized. Here, using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology, optogenetics, and 3D motion capture, we studied the role of the Pf nucleus in behavior using a continuous reward-tracking task in freely moving mice. We found that many Pf neurons precisely represent vector components of velocity, with a strong preference for ipsiversive movements. Their activity usually leads velocity, suggesting that Pf output is critical for self-initiated orienting behavior. To test this hypothesis, we expressed excitatory or inhibitory opsins in VGlut2+ Pf neurons to manipulate neural activity bidirectionally. We found that selective optogenetic stimulation of these neurons consistently produced ipsiversive head turning, whereas inhibition stopped turning and produced downward movements. Taken together, our results suggest that the Pf nucleus can send continuous top-down commands that specify detailed action parameters (e.g., direction and speed of the head), thus providing guidance for orienting and steering during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella P Fallon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ryan N Hughes
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Clara M Lawry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Glenn D R Watson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Marina Roshchina
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Henry H Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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6
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of the Intralaminar Thalamic Input to the Striatum and Its Potential Implications in Parkinson Disease? Neurology 2023; 101:118-123. [PMID: 37460225 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
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7
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Edmonds B, Miyakoshi M, Remore LG, Ahn S, Phillips HW, Daida A, Salamon N, Bari A, Sankar R, Matsumoto JH, Fallah A, Nariai H. Characteristics of ictal thalamic EEG in pediatric-onset neocortical focal epilepsy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.22.23291714. [PMID: 37425697 PMCID: PMC10327240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.23291714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To characterize ictal EEG change in the centromedian (CM) and anterior nucleus (AN) of the thalamus, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings. Methods Forty habitual seizures were analyzed in nine patients with pediatric-onset neocortical drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent SEEG (age 2-25 y) with thalamic coverage. Both visual and quantitative analysis was used to evaluate ictal EEG signal in the cortex and thalamus. The amplitude and cortico-thalamic latencies of broadband frequencies at ictal onset were measured. Results Visual analysis demonstrated consistent detection of ictal EEG changes in both the CM nucleus and AN nucleus with latency to thalamic ictal EEG changes of less than 400ms in 95% of seizures, with low-voltage fast activity being the most common ictal pattern. Quantitative broadband amplitude analysis showed consistent power changes across the frequency bands, corresponding to ictal EEG onset, while while ictal EEG latency was variable from -18.0 seconds to 13.2 seconds. There was no significant difference between detection of CM and AN ictal activity on visual or amplitude analysis. Four patients with subsequent thalamic responsive neurostimulation (RNS) demonstrated ictal EEG changes consistent with SEEG findings. Conclusions Ictal EEG changes were consistently seen at the CM and AN of the thalamus during neocortical seizures. Significance It may be feasible to use a closed-loop system in the thalamus to detect and modulate seizure activity for neocortical epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Edmonds
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luigi Gianmaria Remore
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H. Westley Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atsuro Daida
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ausaf Bari
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raman Sankar
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joyce H. Matsumoto
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Nariai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Descending projections to the auditory midbrain: evolutionary considerations. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2023; 209:131-143. [PMID: 36323876 PMCID: PMC9898193 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian inferior colliculus (IC) is massively innervated by multiple descending projection systems. In addition to a large projection from the auditory cortex (AC) primarily targeting the non-lemniscal portions of the IC, there are less well-characterized projections from non-auditory regions of the cortex, amygdala, posterior thalamus and the brachium of the IC. By comparison, the frog auditory midbrain, known as the torus semicircularis, is a large auditory integration center that also receives descending input, but primarily from the posterior thalamus and without a projection from a putative cortical homolog: the dorsal pallium. Although descending projections have been implicated in many types of behaviors, a unified understanding of their function has not yet emerged. Here, we take a comparative approach to understanding the various top-down modulators of the IC to gain insights into their functions. One key question that we identify is whether thalamotectal projections in mammals and amphibians are homologous and whether they interact with evolutionarily more newly derived projections from the cerebral cortex. We also consider the behavioral significance of these descending pathways, given anurans' ability to navigate complex acoustic landscapes without the benefit of a corticocollicular projection. Finally, we suggest experimental approaches to answer these questions.
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9
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Martel AC, Galvan A. Connectivity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal systems in normal and parkinsonian states: An update. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105878. [PMID: 36183947 PMCID: PMC9976706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum receives abundant glutamatergic afferents from the cortex and thalamus. These inputs play a major role in the functions of the striatal neurons in normal conditions, and are significantly altered in pathological states, such as Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the connectivity of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways, with emphasis on the most recent advances in the field. We also discuss novel findings regarding structural changes in cortico- and thalamostriatal connections that occur in these connections as a consequence of striatal loss of dopamine in parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Caroline Martel
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Choi S, Du Y, Wokosin DL, Graves SM. Acute and protracted abstinence from methamphetamine bidirectionally changes intrinsic excitability of indirect pathway spiny projection neurons in the dorsomedial striatum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12116. [PMID: 35840639 PMCID: PMC9287428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) is an addictive psychostimulant and illicit use presents significant personal and socioeconomic harm. Behavioral studies support the involvement of the dorsal striatum in drug-seeking but stimulant induced dysfunction in this region is understudied. The dorsal striatum can be subdivided into the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum with the DMS implicated in goal-directed and DLS in habitual behaviors; both regions are primarily composed of GABAergic direct (dSPNs) and indirect pathway (iSPNs) spiny projection neurons. To examine the effect of repeated meth on SPNs, mice were administered meth (2 mg/kg) for ten consecutive days and intrinsic excitability, dendritic excitability, and spine density were examined. DMS iSPN intrinsic excitability was increased at 1 day but decreased at 21 days of abstinence. In contrast, DMS dSPN intrinsic excitability was unchanged at either timepoint. Dendritic excitability and spine densities were unaltered in DMS iSPNs and dSPNs at 1 and 21 days of abstinence. The effect of repeated meth on iSPN excitability was specific to the DMS; DLS iSPN intrinsic excitability, dendritic excitability, and spine density were unchanged at 1 and 21 days of abstinence. These findings point toward DMS iSPN dysfunction in meth use disorders with differential dysfunction dependent on abstinence duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Choi
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Yijuan Du
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David L. Wokosin
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Steven M. Graves
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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11
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Wu Y, Wu X, Gao L, Yan Y, Geng Z, Zhou S, Zhu W, Tian Y, Yu Y, Wei L, Wang K. Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Thalamic Subdivisions in Alzheimer's Disease: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Neuroscience 2022; 496:73-82. [PMID: 35690336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by global cognitive impairment in multiple cognitive domains. Thalamic dysfunction during AD progression has been reported. However, there are limited studies regarding dysfunction in the functional connectivity (FC) of thalamic subdivisions and the relationship between such dysfunction and clinical assessments. This study examined dysfunction in the FC of thalamic subdivisions and determined the relationship between such dysfunction and clinical assessments. Forty-eight patients with AD and 47 matched healthy controls were recruited and assessed with scales for multiple cognitive domains. Group-wise comparisons of FC with thalamic subdivisions as seed points were conducted to identify abnormal cerebral regions. Moreover, correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between abnormal FC and cognitive performance. Decreased FC of the intralaminar and medial nuclei with the left precuneus was observed in patients but not in heathy controls. The abnormal FC of the medial nuclei with the left precuneus was correlated with the Mini Mental State Examination score in the patient group. Using the FC values showing between-group differences, the linear support vector machine classifier achieved quite good in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve. Dysfunction in the FC of the intralaminar and medial thalamus with the precuneus may comprise a potential neural substrate for cognitive impairment during AD progression, which in turn may provide new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yibing Yan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Neurology, Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, The Hefei Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China; The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
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12
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Tanimura A, Shen W, Wokosin D, Surmeier DJ. Pathway-Specific Remodeling of Thalamostriatal Synapses in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1164-1174. [PMID: 35485341 PMCID: PMC9232945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. In models of late-stage PD, there is significant cell-specific remodeling of corticostriatal, axospinous glutamatergic synapses on principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CLN) of the thalamus that relay cerebellar activity to the striatum also make axospinous synapses on SPNs, but the extent to which they are affected in PD has not been definitively characterized. OBJECTIVE To fill this gap, transgenic mice in which CLN neurons express Cre recombinase were used in conjunction with optogenetic and circuit mapping approaches to determine changes in the CLN projection to SPNs in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of late-stage PD. METHODS Adeno-associated virus vectors carrying Cre-dependent opsin expression constructs were stereotaxically injected into the CLN of Grp-KH288 mice in which CLN, but not parafascicular nucleus neurons, expressed Cre recombinase. The properties of this projection to identify direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) were then studied in ex vivo brain slices of the dorsolateral striatum from control and 6-OHDA lesioned mice using anatomic, optogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches. RESULTS Optogenetically evoked excitatory synaptic currents in both iSPNs and dSPNs were reduced in lesioned mice; however, the reduction was significantly greater in dSPNs. In iSPNs, the reduction in evoked responses was attributable to synaptic pruning, because synaptic channelrhodopsin assisted circuit mapping (sCRACm) revealed fewer synapses per cell after lesioning. In contrast, sCRACm mapping of CLN inputs to dSPNs failed to detect any change in synapse abundance in lesioned mice. However, the ratio of currents through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors to those through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors was significantly reduced in dSPNs. Moreover, the distribution of currents evoked by optical stimulation of individual synapses shifted toward smaller amplitudes by lesioning, suggesting that they had undergone long-term depression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CLN projection to the striatum undergoes a pathway-specific remodeling that could contribute to the circuit imbalance thought to drive the hypokinetic features of PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Tanimura
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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13
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Beaudreault CP, Muh CR, Naftchi A, Spirollari E, Das A, Vazquez S, Sukul VV, Overby PJ, Tobias ME, McGoldrick PE, Wolf SM. Responsive Neurostimulation Targeting the Anterior, Centromedian and Pulvinar Thalamic Nuclei and the Detection of Electrographic Seizures in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:876204. [PMID: 35496067 PMCID: PMC9039390 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.876204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResponsive neurostimulation (RNS System) has been utilized as a treatment for intractable epilepsy. The RNS System delivers stimulation in response to detected abnormal activity, via leads covering the seizure foci, in response to detections of predefined epileptiform activity with the goal of decreasing seizure frequency and severity. While thalamic leads are often implanted in combination with cortical strip leads, implantation and stimulation with bilateral thalamic leads alone is less common, and the ability to detect electrographic seizures using RNS System thalamic leads is uncertain.ObjectiveThe present study retrospectively evaluated fourteen patients with RNS System depth leads implanted in the thalamus, with or without concomitant implantation of cortical strip leads, to determine the ability to detect electrographic seizures in the thalamus. Detailed patient presentations and lead trajectories were reviewed alongside electroencephalographic (ECoG) analyses.ResultsAnterior nucleus thalamic (ANT) leads, whether bilateral or unilateral and combined with a cortical strip lead, successfully detected and terminated epileptiform activity, as demonstrated by Cases 2 and 3. Similarly, bilateral centromedian thalamic (CMT) leads or a combination of one centromedian thalamic alongside a cortical strip lead also demonstrated the ability to detect electrographic seizures as seen in Cases 6 and 9. Bilateral pulvinar leads likewise produced reliable seizure detection in Patient 14. Detections of electrographic seizures in thalamic nuclei did not appear to be affected by whether the patient was pediatric or adult at the time of RNS System implantation. Sole thalamic leads paralleled the combination of thalamic and cortical strip leads in terms of preventing the propagation of electrographic seizures.ConclusionThalamic nuclei present a promising target for detection and stimulation via the RNS System for seizures with multifocal or generalized onsets. These areas provide a modifiable, reversible therapeutic option for patients who are not candidates for surgical resection or ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie R. Muh
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Ankita Das
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Sima Vazquez
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Vishad V. Sukul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Philip J. Overby
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Boston Children’s Hospital Physicians, Hawthorne, NY, United States
| | - Michael E. Tobias
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Patricia E. McGoldrick
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Boston Children’s Hospital Physicians, Hawthorne, NY, United States
| | - Steven M. Wolf
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital, Valhalla, NY, United States
- Boston Children’s Hospital Physicians, Hawthorne, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven M. Wolf,
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Oscillatory waveform sharpness asymmetry changes in motor thalamus and motor cortex in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Wolff SBE, Ko R, Ölveczky BP. Distinct roles for motor cortical and thalamic inputs to striatum during motor skill learning and execution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0231. [PMID: 35213216 PMCID: PMC8880788 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition and execution of motor skills are mediated by a distributed motor network, spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog in this network, yet the roles of its two main inputs, from motor cortex and thalamus, remain largely unknown. To address this, we silenced the inputs in rats trained on a task that results in highly stereotyped and idiosyncratic movement patterns. While striatal-projecting motor cortex neurons were critical for learning these skills, silencing this pathway after learning had no effect on performance. In contrast, silencing striatal-projecting thalamus neurons disrupted the execution of the learned skills, causing rats to revert to species-typical pressing behaviors and preventing them from relearning the task. These results show distinct roles for motor cortex and thalamus in the learning and execution of motor skills and suggest that their interaction in the striatum underlies experience-dependent changes in subcortical motor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond Ko
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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16
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Chen L, Rao B, Li S, Gao L, Xie Y, Dai X, Fu K, Peng XZ, Xu H. Altered Effective Connectivity Measured by Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Posterior Parietal-Frontal-Striatum Circuit in Patients With Disorder of Consciousness. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:766633. [PMID: 35153656 PMCID: PMC8830329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.766633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Disorder of consciousness (DoC) resulting from severe brain injury is characterized by cortical and subcortical dysconnectivity. However, research on seed-based effective connectivity (EC) of DoC might be questioned as to the heterogeneity of prior assumptions. Methods Functional MRI data of 16 DoC patients and 16 demographically matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R) scores of patients were acquired. Seed-based d mapping permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) of meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively synthesize results from neuroimaging studies that evaluated resting-state functional activity in DoC patients. Spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was used to assess how EC altered between brain regions in DoC patients compared to healthy individuals. Results We found increased effective connectivity in left striatum and decreased effective connectivity in bilateral precuneus (preCUN)/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), bilateral midcingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus in DoC compared with the healthy controls. The resulting pattern of interaction in DoC indicated disrupted connection and disturbance of posterior parietal-frontal-striatum, and reduced self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC. The strength of self-inhibition of preCUN/PCC was negatively correlated with the total score of CRS-R. Conclusion This impaired EC in DoC may underlie disruption in the posterior parietal-frontal-striatum circuit, particularly damage to the cortico-striatal connection and possible loss of preCUN/PCC function as the main regulatory hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Rao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhi Peng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Haibo Xu,
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Nakamura KC, Sharott A, Tanaka T, Magill PJ. Input Zone-Selective Dysrhythmia in Motor Thalamus after Dopamine Depletion. J Neurosci 2021; 41:10382-10404. [PMID: 34753740 PMCID: PMC8672689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1753-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and motor thalamus form circuits important for purposeful movement. In Parkinsonism, basal ganglia neurons often exhibit dysrhythmic activity during, and with respect to, the slow (∼1 Hz) and beta-band (15-30 Hz) oscillations that emerge in cortex in a brain state-dependent manner. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate the extent to which motor thalamus activity becomes similarly dysrhythmic after dopamine depletion relevant to Parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded single-neuron and ensemble outputs in the basal ganglia-recipient zone (BZ) and cerebellar-recipient zone (CZ) of motor thalamus in anesthetized male dopamine-intact rats and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity and activation. Two forms of thalamic input zone-selective dysrhythmia manifested after dopamine depletion: (1) BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, exhibited abnormal phase-shifted firing with respect to cortical slow oscillations prevalent during slow-wave activity; and (2) BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, inappropriately synchronized their firing and engaged with the exaggerated cortical beta oscillations arising in activated states. These dysrhythmias were not accompanied by the thalamic hypoactivity predicted by canonical firing rate-based models of circuit organization in Parkinsonism. Complementary recordings of neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata suggested that their altered activity dynamics could underpin the BZ dysrhythmias. Finally, pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that ongoing activity in the motor thalamus bolsters exaggerated beta oscillations in motor cortex. We conclude that BZ neurons are selectively primed to mediate the detrimental influences of abnormal slow and beta-band rhythms on circuit information processing in Parkinsonism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motor thalamus neurons mediate the influences of basal ganglia and cerebellum on the cerebral cortex to govern movement. Chronic depletion of dopamine from the basal ganglia causes some symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we elucidate how dopamine depletion alters the ways motor thalamus neurons engage with two distinct oscillations emerging in cortico-basal ganglia circuits in vivo We discovered that, after dopamine depletion, neurons in the thalamic zone receiving basal ganglia inputs are particularly prone to becoming dysrhythmic, changing the phases and/or synchronization (but not rate) of their action potential firing. This bolsters cortical dysrhythmia. Our results provide important new insights into how aberrant rhythmicity in select parts of motor thalamus could detrimentally affect neural circuit dynamics and behavior in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi C Nakamura
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Takuma Tanaka
- Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga 522-8522, Japan
| | - Peter J Magill
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
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18
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Kato S, Nishizawa K, Kobayashi K. Thalamostriatal System Controls the Acquisition, Performance, and Flexibility of Learning Behavior. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:729389. [PMID: 34733142 PMCID: PMC8558393 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.729389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum (DS) is a key structure of the basal ganglia circuitry, which regulates various types of learning processes and flexible switching of behavior. Intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ILNs) provide the main source of thalamostriatal inputs to the DS and constitute multiple nuclear groups, each of which innervates specific subdivisions of the striatum. Although the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of thalamostriatal neurons have been previously characterized, the behavioral and physiological functions of these neurons remain unclarified. Two representative thalamostriatal cell groups in the parafascicular nucleus (PF) and the central lateral nucleus (CL) are located in the caudal and rostral regions of the ILNs in rodents. Recently, the behavioral roles of these thalamostriatal cell groups have been investigated by the use of genetic and pharmacological manipulation techniques. In the current review, we summarize behavioral studies on thalamostriatal neurons, showing the key roles of these neurons in different learning processes, such as the acquisition, performance, and flexibility of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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19
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Xiao L, Roberts TF. What Is the Role of Thalamostriatal Circuits in Learning Vocal Sequences? Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:724858. [PMID: 34630047 PMCID: PMC8493212 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.724858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal ganglia (BG) circuits integrate sensory and motor-related information from the cortex, thalamus, and midbrain to guide learning and production of motor sequences. Birdsong, like speech, is comprised of precisely sequenced vocal elements. Learning song sequences during development relies on Area X, a vocalization related region in the medial striatum of the songbird BG. Area X receives inputs from cortical-like pallial song circuits and midbrain dopaminergic circuits and sends projections to the thalamus. It has recently been shown that thalamic circuits also send substantial projections back to Area X. Here, we outline a gated-reinforcement learning model for how Area X may use signals conveyed by thalamostriatal inputs to direct song learning. Integrating conceptual advances from recent mammalian and songbird literature, we hypothesize that thalamostriatal pathways convey signals linked to song syllable onsets and offsets and influence striatal circuit plasticity via regulation of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). We suggest that syllable sequence associated vocal-motor information from the thalamus drive precisely timed pauses in ChIs activity in Area X. When integrated with concurrent corticostriatal and dopaminergic input, this circuit helps regulate plasticity on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and the learning of syllable sequences. We discuss new approaches that can be applied to test core ideas of this model and how associated insights may provide a framework for understanding the function of BG circuits in learning motor sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiao
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Todd F Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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20
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Treating Traumatic Brain Injuries with Electroceuticals: Implications for the Neuroanatomy of Consciousness. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of loss of consciousness, long-term disability, and death in children and young adults (age 1 to 44). Currently, there are no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pharmacological treatments for post-TBI regeneration and recovery, particularly related to permanent disability and level of consciousness. In some cases, long-term disorders of consciousness (DoC) exist, including the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) characterized by the exhibition of reflexive behaviors only or a minimally conscious state (MCS) with few purposeful movements and reflexive behaviors. Electroceuticals, including non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have proved efficacious in some patients with TBI and DoC. In this review, we examine how electroceuticals have improved our understanding of the neuroanatomy of consciousness. However, the level of improvements in general arousal or basic bodily and visual pursuit that constitute clinically meaningful recovery on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) remain undefined. Nevertheless, these advancements demonstrate the importance of the vagal nerve, thalamus, reticular activating system, and cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop in the process of consciousness recovery.
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21
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Cover KK, Mathur BN. Rostral Intralaminar Thalamus Engagement in Cognition and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:652764. [PMID: 33935663 PMCID: PMC8082140 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.652764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamic rostral intralaminar nuclei (rILN) are a contiguous band of neurons that include the central medial, paracentral, and central lateral nuclei. The rILN differ from both thalamic relay nuclei, such as the lateral geniculate nucleus, and caudal intralaminar nuclei, such as the parafascicular nucleus, in afferent and efferent connectivity as well as physiological and synaptic properties. rILN activity is associated with a range of neural functions and behaviors, including arousal, pain, executive function, and action control. Here, we review this evidence supporting a role for the rILN in integrating arousal, executive and motor feedback information. In light of rILN projections out to the striatum, amygdala, and sensory as well as executive cortices, we propose that such a function enables the rILN to modulate cognitive and motor resources to meet task-dependent behavioral engagement demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K Cover
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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22
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Firing Differences Between Adult Intralaminar Thalamo-striatal Neurons. Neuroscience 2021; 458:153-165. [PMID: 33428968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the intrinsic properties of intralaminar thalamo-striatal neurons such as expressing low-threshold-spikes (LTS) or after hyperpolarizing potentials (AHPs) of different duration have been attributed to different maturation stages. However, two morphological types: "diffuse" and "bushy" have been described. Therefore, we explored whether electrophysiological differences persist in adult mice using whole cell recordings. Some recorded neurons were identified by intracellular labeling with biocytin and double labeling with retrograde or anterograde tracings using Cre-mice. We classified these neurons by their AHPs during spontaneous firing. Neurons with long duration AHPs, with fast and slow components, were mostly found in the parafascicular (Pf) nucleus. Neurons with brief AHPs were mainly found in the central lateral (CL) nucleus. However, neurons with both AHPs were found in both nuclei in different proportions. Firing frequency adaptation differed between these neuron classes: those with prolonged AHPs exhibited firing frequency adaptation with fast and slow time constants whereas those with brief AHPs were slow adapters. Neurons with more prolonged AHPs had significant higher input resistances than neurons with brief AHPs. Both cell classes could fire in two modes: trains of single action potentials at depolarized potentials or high frequency bursts on top of LTS at more hyperpolarized potentials. LTS were probably generated by Cav3 calcium channels since they were blocked by the selective antagonist TTA-P2. About 11% of neurons with brief AHPs and 55% of neurons with prolonged AHPs do not show LTS and bursts, even when potassium currents are blocked.
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Park J, Park KM, Jo G, Lee H, Choi BS, Shin KJ, Ha S, Park S, Lee HJ, Kim HY. An investigation of thalamic nuclei volumes and the intrinsic thalamic structural network based on motor subtype in drug naïve patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:165-172. [PMID: 33160215 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the alterations in thalamic nuclei volumes and the intrinsic thalamic structural network in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) based on their predominant symptoms. METHODS We enrolled 65 patients with de novo PD (44 patients with tremor-dominant [TD] subtype and 21 patients with postural instability and gait disturbance [PIGD] subtype) and 20 healthy controls. All subjects underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The thalamic nuclei were segmented using the FreeSurfer program. RESULTS We obtained volumetric differences in the thalamic nuclei of each subtype of PD in comparison of healthy control. Volumes of the right and left suprageniculate nuclei were significantly increased, whereas that of the left parafascicular nucleus was decreased in patients with the TD subtype. Volumes of the right and left suprageniculate nuclei and right ventromedial nucleus were significantly increased, whereas those of the right and left parafascicular nuclei volumes were decreased in patients with the PIGD subtype. The measures of the intrinsic thalamic global network were not different between patients with TD PD and healthy controls. However, in patients with the PIGD subtype, the global and local efficiencies were significantly increased compared to healthy controls. Moreover, although there were no differences in thalamic volume and intrinsic thalamic global network between patients with the TD and PIGD variants, we identified significant differences in the intrinsic thalamic local network between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in thalamic nuclei volumes and the intrinsic thalamic network in patients with PD differed based on their predominant symptoms. These findings might be related to the underlying pathogenesis and suggest that PD is a heterogeneous syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinse Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Geunyeol Jo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyungon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byeong Sam Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Shin
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Samyeol Ha
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seongho Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hae Yu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
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Brain-responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the centromedian nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107354. [PMID: 32919199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine if corticothalamic responsive stimulation targeting the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (CMT) is a potential treatment for neocortical epilepsies with regional onsets. METHODS We assessed efficacy and safety of CMT and neocortical responsive stimulation, detection, and stimulation programming, methods for implantation, and location and patterns of electrographic seizure onset and spread in 7 patients with medically intractable focal seizures with a regional neocortical onset. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 17 months (average: 17 months, range: 8-28 months). The median % reduction in disabling seizures (excludes auras) in the 7 patients was 88% (mean: 80%, range: 55-100%). The median % reduction in all seizure types (disabling + auras) was 73% (mean: 67%, range: 15-94%). There were no adverse events related to implantation of the responsive neurostimulator and leads or related to the delivery of responsive stimulation. Stimulation-related contralateral paresthesias were addressed by adjusting stimulation parameters in the clinic during stimulation testing. Electrographic seizures were detected in the CMT and neocortex in all seven patients. Four patients had simultaneous or near simultaneous seizure onsets in the neocortex and CMT and three had onsets in the neocortex with spread to the CMT. CONCLUSION In this small series of patients with medically intractable focal seizures and regional neocortical onset, responsive neurostimulation to the neocortex and CMT improved seizure control and was well tolerated. SIGNIFICANCE Responsive corticothalamic neurostimulation of the CMT and neocortex is a potential treatment for patients with regional neocortical epilepsies.
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Johansson Y, Silberberg G. The Functional Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Inputs onto Five Types of Striatal Neurons Is Determined by Source and Target Cell Identities. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1178-1194.e3. [PMID: 31995757 PMCID: PMC6990404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand striatal function, it is essential to know the functional organization of the numerous inputs targeting the diverse population of striatal neurons. Using optogenetics, we activated terminals from ipsi- or contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) or primary motor cortex (M1), or thalamus while obtaining simultaneous whole-cell recordings from pairs or triplets of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and adjacent interneurons. Ipsilateral corticostriatal projections provided stronger excitation to fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) than to MSNs and only sparse and weak excitation to low threshold-spiking interneurons (LTSIs) and cholinergic interneurons (ChINs). Projections from contralateral M1 evoked the strongest responses in LTSIs but none in ChINs, whereas thalamus provided the strongest excitation to ChINs but none to LTSIs. In addition, inputs varied in their glutamate receptor composition and their short-term plasticity. Our data revealed a highly selective organization of excitatory striatal afferents, which is determined by both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal identity. Whole-cell recordings are obtained from neighboring striatal neurons of different types FSIs receive the strongest inputs from S1, M1, and thalamic PF LTSIs are primarily excited by contralateral M1 ChINs are primarily excited by PF and receive no input from contralateral M1 and S1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Johansson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Grillner S, Robertson B, Kotaleski JH. Basal Ganglia—A Motion Perspective. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:1241-1275. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Intrinsic electrophysiological properties predict variability in morphology and connectivity among striatal Parvalbumin-expressing Pthlh-cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15680. [PMID: 32973206 PMCID: PMC7518419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the cellular content of the nervous system in terms of cell types and the rules of their connectivity represents a fundamental challenge to the neurosciences. The recent advent of high-throughput techniques, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing has allowed for greater resolution in the identification of cell types and/or states. Although most of the current neuronal classification schemes comprise discrete clusters, several recent studies have suggested that, perhaps especially, within the striatum, neuronal populations exist in continua, with regards to both their molecular and electrophysiological properties. Whether these continua are stable properties, established during development, or if they reflect acute differences in activity-dependent regulation of critical genes is currently unknown. We set out to determine whether gradient-like molecular differences in the recently described Pthlh-expressing inhibitory interneuron population, which contains the Pvalb-expressing cells, correlate with differences in morphological and connectivity properties. We show that morphology and long-range inputs correlate with a spatially organized molecular and electrophysiological gradient of Pthlh-interneurons, suggesting that the processing of different types of information (by distinct anatomical striatal regions) has different computational requirements.
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Johnson KA, Voyvodic L, Loewinger GC, Mateo Y, Lovinger DM. Operant self-stimulation of thalamic terminals in the dorsomedial striatum is constrained by metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1454-1462. [PMID: 31995814 PMCID: PMC7360544 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal striatal manipulations including stimulation of dopamine release and activation of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are sufficient to drive reinforcement-based learning. Glutamatergic innervation of the striatum by the cortex and thalamus is a critical determinant of MSN activity and local regulation of dopamine release. However, the relationship between striatal glutamatergic afferents and behavioral reinforcement is not well understood. We evaluated the reinforcing properties of optogenetic stimulation of thalamostriatal terminals, which are associated with vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) expression, in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a region implicated in goal-directed behaviors. In mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) under control of the Vglut2 promoter, optical stimulation of the DMS reinforced operant lever-pressing behavior. Mice also acquired operant self-stimulation of thalamostriatal terminals when ChR2 expression was virally targeted to the intralaminar thalamus. Stimulation trains that supported operant responding evoked dopamine release in the DMS and excitatory postsynaptic currents in DMS MSNs. Our previous work demonstrated that the presynaptic G protein-coupled receptor metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) robustly inhibits glutamate and dopamine release induced by activation of thalamostriatal afferents. Thus, we examined the regulation of thalamostriatal self-stimulation by mGlu2. Administration of an mGlu2/3 agonist or an mGlu2-selective positive allosteric modulator reduced self-stimulation. Conversely, blockade of these receptors increased thalamostriatal self-stimulation, suggesting that endogenous activation of these receptors negatively modulates the reinforcing properties of thalamostriatal activity. These findings demonstrate that stimulation of thalamic terminals in the DMS is sufficient to reinforce a self-initiated action, and that thalamostriatal reinforcement is constrained by mGlu2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A. Johnson
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA ,0000 0001 0421 5525grid.265436.0Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, C2019, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Lucas Voyvodic
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Gabriel C. Loewinger
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yolanda Mateo
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - David M. Lovinger
- 0000 0001 2297 5165grid.94365.3dLaboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
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Cover KK, Gyawali U, Kerkhoff WG, Patton MH, Mu C, White MG, Marquardt AE, Roberts BM, Cheer JF, Mathur BN. Activation of the Rostral Intralaminar Thalamus Drives Reinforcement through Striatal Dopamine Release. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1389-1398.e3. [PMID: 30726725 PMCID: PMC6402336 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic projections of the thalamic rostral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus (rILN) innervate the dorsal striatum (DS) and are implicated in dopamine (DA)-dependent incubation of drug seeking. However, the mechanism by which rILN signaling modulates reward seeking and striatal DA release is unknown. We find that activation of rILN inputs to the DS drives cholinergic interneuron burst-firing behavior and DA D2 receptor-dependent post-burst pauses in cholinergic interneuron firing. In vivo, optogenetic activation of this pathway drives reinforcement in a DA D1 receptor-dependent manner, and chemogenetic suppression of the rILN reduces dopaminergic nigrostriatal terminal activity as measured by fiber photometry. Altogether, these data provide evidence that the rILN activates striatal cholinergic interneurons to enhance the pursuit of reward through local striatal DA release and introduce an additional level of complexity in our understanding of striatal DA signaling. Cover et al. identify a glutamatergic thalamostriatal pathway that locally elicits striatal dopamine release to drive reward-related behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara K Cover
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Utsav Gyawali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Willa G Kerkhoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary H Patton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chaoqi Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ashley E Marquardt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bradley M Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Mendes A, Vignoud G, Perez S, Perrin E, Touboul J, Venance L. Concurrent Thalamostriatal and Corticostriatal Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity and Heterosynaptic Interactions Shape Striatal Plasticity Map. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4381-4401. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The striatum integrates inputs from the cortex and thalamus, which display concomitant or sequential activity. The striatum assists in forming memory, with acquisition of the behavioral repertoire being associated with corticostriatal (CS) plasticity. The literature has mainly focused on that CS plasticity, and little remains known about thalamostriatal (TS) plasticity rules or CS and TS plasticity interactions. We undertook here the study of these plasticity rules. We found bidirectional Hebbian and anti-Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at the thalamic and cortical inputs, respectively, which were driving concurrent changes at the striatal synapses. Moreover, TS- and CS-STDP induced heterosynaptic plasticity. We developed a calcium-based mathematical model of the coupled TS and CS plasticity, and simulations predict complex changes in the CS and TS plasticity maps depending on the precise cortex–thalamus–striatum engram. These predictions were experimentally validated using triplet-based STDP stimulations, which revealed the significant remodeling of the CS-STDP map upon TS activity, which is notably the induction of the LTD areas in the CS-STDP for specific timing regimes. TS-STDP exerts a greater influence on CS plasticity than CS-STDP on TS plasticity. These findings highlight the major impact of precise timing in cortical and thalamic activity for the memory engram of striatal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mendes
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Gaetan Vignoud
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
- Department of Mathematics, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 2454-9110, USA
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Elodie Perrin
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 2454-9110, USA
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS UMR7241, INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
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Redinbaugh MJ, Phillips JM, Kambi NA, Mohanta S, Andryk S, Dooley GL, Afrasiabi M, Raz A, Saalmann YB. Thalamus Modulates Consciousness via Layer-Specific Control of Cortex. Neuron 2020; 106:66-75.e12. [PMID: 32053769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional MRI and electrophysiology studies suggest that consciousness depends on large-scale thalamocortical and corticocortical interactions. However, it is unclear how neurons in different cortical layers and circuits contribute. We simultaneously recorded from central lateral thalamus (CL) and across layers of the frontoparietal cortex in awake, sleeping, and anesthetized macaques. We found that neurons in thalamus and deep cortical layers are most sensitive to changes in consciousness level, consistent across different anesthetic agents and sleep. Deep-layer activity is sustained by interactions with CL. Consciousness also depends on deep-layer neurons providing feedback to superficial layers (not to deep layers), suggesting that long-range feedback and intracolumnar signaling are important. To show causality, we stimulated CL in anesthetized macaques and effectively restored arousal and wake-like neural processing. This effect was location and frequency specific. Our findings suggest layer-specific thalamocortical correlates of consciousness and inform how targeted deep brain stimulation can alleviate disorders of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica M Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Niranjan A Kambi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sounak Mohanta
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha Andryk
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gaven L Dooley
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mohsen Afrasiabi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Aeyal Raz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuri B Saalmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Kato S, Fukabori R, Nishizawa K, Okada K, Yoshioka N, Sugawara M, Maejima Y, Shimomura K, Okamoto M, Eifuku S, Kobayashi K. Action Selection and Flexible Switching Controlled by the Intralaminar Thalamic Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2370-2382. [PMID: 29490273 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning processes contributing to appropriate selection and flexible switching of behaviors are mediated through the dorsal striatum, a key structure of the basal ganglia circuit. The major inputs to striatal subdivisions are provided from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, including the central lateral nucleus (CL) and parafascicular nucleus (PF). Thalamostriatal neurons in the PF modulate the acquisition and performance of stimulus-response learning. Here, we address the roles of the CL thalamostriatal neurons in learning processes by using a selective neural pathway targeting technique. We show that the CL neurons are essential for the performance of stimulus-response learning and for behavioral flexibility, including reversal and attentional set-shifting of learned responses. In addition, chemogenetic suppression of neural activity supports the requirements of these neurons for behavioral flexibility. Our results suggest that the main contribution of the CL thalamostriatal neurons is functional control of the basal ganglia circuit linked to the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kana Okada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masateru Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Pharmacology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Eifuku
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
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Fujiyama F, Unzai T, Karube F. Thalamostriatal projections and striosome-matrix compartments. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bonnavion P, Fernández EP, Varin C, de Kerchove d’Exaerde A. It takes two to tango: Dorsal direct and indirect pathways orchestration of motor learning and behavioral flexibility. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:200-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Smith PH, Uhlrich DJ, Manning KA. Evaluation of medial division of the medial geniculate (MGM) and posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN) inputs to the rat auditory cortex, amygdala, and striatum. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1478-1494. [PMID: 30689207 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The medial division of the medial geniculate (MGM) and the posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN) are association nuclei of the auditory thalamus. We made tracer injections in these nuclei to evaluate/compare their presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic target features in auditory cortex, amygdala and striatum, at the light and electron microscopic levels. Cortical labeling was concentrated in Layer 1 but in other layers distribution was location-dependent. In cortical areas designated dorsal, primary and ventral (AuD, Au1, AuV) terminals deep to Layer 1 were concentrated in infragranular layers and sparser in the supragranular and middle layers. In ectorhinal cortex (Ect), distributions below Layer 1 changed with concentrations in supragranular and middle layers. In temporal association cortex (TeA) terminal distributions below Layer 1 was intermediate between AuV/1/D and Ect. In amygdala and striatum, terminal concentrations were higher in striatum but not as dense as in cortical Layer 1. Ultrastructurally, presynaptic terminal size was similar in amygdala, striatum or cortex and in all cortical layers. Postsynaptically MGM/PIN terminals everywhere synapsed on spines or small distal dendrites but as a population the postsynaptic structures in cortex were larger than those in the striatum. In addition, primary cortical targets of terminals were larger in primary cortex than in area Ect. Thus, although postsynaptic size may play some role in changes in synaptic influence between areas it appears that terminal size is not a variable used for that purpose. In auditory cortex, cortical subdivision-dependent changes in the terminal distribution between cortical layers may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel J Uhlrich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Karen A Manning
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Tanimura A, Du Y, Kondapalli J, Wokosin DL, Surmeier DJ. Cholinergic Interneurons Amplify Thalamostriatal Excitation of Striatal Indirect Pathway Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease Models. Neuron 2019; 101:444-458.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bamford IJ, Bamford NS. The Striatum's Role in Executing Rational and Irrational Economic Behaviors. Neuroscientist 2019; 25:475-490. [PMID: 30678530 DOI: 10.1177/1073858418824256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The striatum is a critical component of the brain that controls motor, reward, and executive function. This ancient and phylogenetically conserved structure forms a central hub where rapid instinctive, reflexive movements and behaviors in response to sensory stimulation or the retrieval of emotional memory intersect with slower planned motor movements and rational behaviors. This review emphasizes two distinct pathways that begin in the thalamus and converge in the striatum to differentially affect movements, behaviors, and decision making. The convergence of excitatory glutamatergic activity from the thalamus and cortex, along with dopamine release in response to novel stimulation, provide the basis for motor learning, reward seeking, and habit formation. We outline how the rules derived through research on neural pathways may enhance the predictability of reflexive actions and rational responses studied in behavioral economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nigel S Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Timofeev I, Chauvette S. Neuronal Activity During the Sleep-Wake Cycle. HANDBOOK OF SLEEP RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813743-7.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Magrassi L, Zippo AG, Azzalin A, Bastianello S, Imberti R, Biella GEM. Single unit activities recorded in the thalamus and the overlying parietal cortex of subjects affected by disorders of consciousness. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205967. [PMID: 30403761 PMCID: PMC6221278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of direct neurophysiological recordings from the thalamus and the cortex hampers our understanding of vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally conscious state in humans. We obtained microelectrode recordings from the thalami and the homolateral parietal cortex of two vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and one minimally conscious state patients during surgery for implantation of electrodes in both thalami for chronic deep brain stimulation. We found that activity of the thalamo-cortical networks differed among the two conditions. There were half the number of active neurons in the thalami of patients in vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome than in minimally conscious state. Coupling of thalamic neuron discharge with EEG phases also differed in the two conditions and thalamo-cortical cross-frequency coupling was limited to the minimally conscious state patient. When consciousness is physiologically or pharmacologically reversibly suspended there is a significant increase in bursting activity of the thalamic neurons. By contrast, in the thalami of our patients in both conditions fewer than 17% of the recorded neurons showed bursting activity. This indicates that these conditions differ from physiological suspension of consciousness and that increased thalamic inhibition is not prominent. Our findings, albeit obtained in a limited number of patients, unveil the neurophysiology of these conditions at single unit resolution and might be relevant for inspiring novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurochirurgia, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia—Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare IGM-CNR, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonio G. Zippo
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, CNR, LITA Bldg, Segrate, Italy
| | - Alberto Azzalin
- Neurochirurgia, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, University of Pavia—Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare IGM-CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- State University of Pavia, Dept. of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Neuroradiology Department—C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Imberti
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit and Experimental Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Nicholson DA, Roberts TF, Sober SJ. Thalamostriatal and cerebellothalamic pathways in a songbird, the Bengalese finch. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1550-1570. [PMID: 29520771 PMCID: PMC5899675 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thalamostriatal system is a major network in the mammalian brain, originating principally from the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus. Its functions remain unclear, but a subset of these projections provides a pathway through which the cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia. Both the cerebellum and basal ganglia play crucial roles in motor control. Although songbirds have yielded key insights into the neural basis of vocal learning, it is unknown whether a thalamostriatal system exists in the songbird brain. Thalamic nucleus DLM is an important part of the song system, the network of nuclei required for learning and producing song. DLM receives output from song system basal ganglia nucleus Area X and sits within dorsal thalamus, the proposed avian homolog of the mammalian intralaminar nuclei that also receives projections from the cerebellar nuclei. Using a viral vector that specifically labels presynaptic axon segments, we show in Bengalese finches that dorsal thalamus projects to Area X, the basal ganglia nucleus of the song system, and to surrounding medial striatum. To identify the sources of thalamic input to Area X, we map DLM and cerebellar-recipient dorsal thalamus (DTCbN ). Surprisingly, we find both DLM and dorsal anterior DTCbN adjacent to DLM project to Area X. In contrast, the ventral medial subregion of DTCbN projects to medial striatum outside Area X. Our results suggest the basal ganglia in the song system, like the mammalian basal ganglia, integrate feedback from the thalamic region to which they project as well as thalamic regions that receive cerebellar output.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nicholson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
| | - Todd F Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9111
| | - Samuel J Sober
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia
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Reiner A, Deng Y. Disrupted striatal neuron inputs and outputs in Huntington's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:250-280. [PMID: 29582587 PMCID: PMC5875736 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene coding for the protein huntingtin, resulting in a pathogenic expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the N-terminus of this protein. The HD pathology resulting from the mutation is most prominent in the striatal part of the basal ganglia, and progressive differential dysfunction and loss of striatal projection neurons and interneurons account for the progression of motor deficits seen in this disease. The present review summarizes current understanding regarding the progression in striatal neuron dysfunction and loss, based on studies both in human HD victims and in genetic mouse models of HD. We review evidence on early loss of inputs to striatum from cortex and thalamus, which may be the basis of the mild premanifest bradykinesia in HD, as well as on the subsequent loss of indirect pathway striatal projection neurons and their outputs to the external pallidal segment, which appears to be the basis of the chorea seen in early symptomatic HD. Later loss of direct pathway striatal projection neurons and their output to the internal pallidal segment account for the severe akinesia seen late in HD. Loss of parvalbuminergic striatal interneurons may contribute to the late dystonia and rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Reiner
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
| | - Yun‐Ping Deng
- Department of Anatomy & NeurobiologyThe University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
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Unzai T, Kuramoto E, Kaneko T, Fujiyama F. Quantitative Analyses of the Projection of Individual Neurons from the Midline Thalamic Nuclei to the Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Rat Striatum. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1164-1181. [PMID: 26672610 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental organizing principle of the striatum is the striosome/matrix system that is defined by inputs/outputs and neurochemical markers. The thalamostriatal projection is highly heterogeneous originating in many subnuclei of the thalamus including the midline (ML) and intralaminar (IL) nuclei. We examined the dendritic morphology and axonal trajectory of 15 ML and 11 IL neurons by single-neuron labeling with viral vectors in combination with mu-opioid receptor immunostaining in rat brains. Dendritic and axonal morphology defined ML neurons as type II cells consisting of at least two subclasses according to the presence or absence of striatal axon collaterals. In the striatum, ML neurons preferentially innervated striosomes, whereas parafascicular neurons preferentially innervated the matrix. Almost all single thalamostriatal neurons favoring striosome or matrix compartments also innervated the cerebral cortical areas that supplied cortical input to the same striatal compartment. We thus revealed that thalamostriatal projections are highly organized 1) by the similarity in morphological characteristics and 2) their preference for the striatal compartments and cortical areas. These findings demonstrate that the functional properties of striatal compartments are influenced by both their cortical and thalamic afferents presumably with a different time latency and support selective dynamics for the striosome and matrix compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Unzai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 619-0394, Japan.,Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumino Fujiyama
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 619-0394, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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Nakano Y, Karube F, Hirai Y, Kobayashi K, Hioki H, Okamoto S, Kameda H, Fujiyama F. Parvalbumin-producing striatal interneurons receive excitatory inputs onto proximal dendrites from the motor thalamus in male mice. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1186-1207. [PMID: 29314192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, the dorsolateral striatum regulates voluntary movement by integrating excitatory inputs from the motor-related cerebral cortex and thalamus to produce contingent inhibitory output to other basal ganglia nuclei. Striatal parvalbumin (PV)-producing interneurons receiving this excitatory input then inhibit medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and modify their outputs. To understand basal ganglia function in motor control, it is important to reveal the precise synaptic organization of motor-related cortical and thalamic inputs to striatal PV interneurons. To examine which domains of the PV neurons receive these excitatory inputs, we used male bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing somatodendritic membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein in PV neurons. An anterograde tracing study with the adeno-associated virus vector combined with immunodetection of pre- and postsynaptic markers visualized the distribution of the excitatory appositions on PV dendrites. Statistical analysis revealed that the density of thalamostriatal appositions along the dendrites was significantly higher on the proximal than distal dendrites. In contrast, there was no positional preference in the density of appositions from axons of the dorsofrontal cortex. Population observations of thalamostriatal and corticostriatal appositions by immunohistochemistry for pathway-specific vesicular glutamate transporters confirmed that thalamic inputs preferentially, and cortical ones less preferentially, made apposition on proximal dendrites of PV neurons. This axodendritic organization suggests that PV neurons produce fast and reliable inhibition of MSNs in response to thalamic inputs and process excitatory inputs from motor cortices locally and plastically, possibly together with other GABAergic and dopaminergic dendritic inputs, to modulate MSN inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Nakano
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Hirai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kameda
- Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumino Fujiyama
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
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Functional comparison of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal postsynaptic responses in striatal neurons of the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1229-1253. [PMID: 29101523 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic inputs from cortex and thalamus were compared in electrophysiologically defined striatal cell classes: direct and indirect pathways' striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs), fast-spiking interneurons (FS), cholinergic interneurons (ChINs), and low-threshold spiking-like (LTS-like) interneurons. Our purpose was to observe whether stimulus from cortex or thalamus had equivalent synaptic strength to evoke prolonged suprathreshold synaptic responses in these neuron classes. Subthreshold responses showed that inputs from either source functionally mix up in their dendrites at similar electrotonic distances from their somata. Passive and active properties of striatal neuron classes were consistent with the previous studies. Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses containing Td-Tomato or eYFP fluorescent proteins were used to identify target cells. Transfections with ChR2-eYFP driven by the promoters CamKII or EF1.DIO in intralaminar thalamic nuclei using Vglut-2-Cre mice, or CAMKII in the motor cortex were used to stimulate cortical or thalamic afferents optogenetically. Both field stimuli in the cortex or photostimulation of ChR2-YFP cortical fibers evoked similar prolonged suprathreshold responses in SPNs. Photostimulation of ChR2-YFP thalamic afferents also evoked suprathreshold responses. Differences previously described between responses of dSPNs and iSPNs were observed in both cases. Prolonged suprathreshold responses could also be evoked from both sources onto all other neuron classes studied. However, to evoke thalamostriatal suprathreshold responses, afferents from more than one thalamic nucleus had to be stimulated. In conclusion, both thalamus and cortex are capable to generate suprathreshold responses converging on diverse striatal cell classes. Postsynaptic properties appear to shape these responses.
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Shaping somatosensory responses in awake rats: cortical modulation of thalamic neurons. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:851-872. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Watson GDR, Alloway KD. Opposing collicular influences on the parafascicular (Pf) and posteromedial (POm) thalamic nuclei: relationship to POm-induced inhibition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR). Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:535-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alloway KD, Smith JB, Mowery TM, Watson GDR. Sensory Processing in the Dorsolateral Striatum: The Contribution of Thalamostriatal Pathways. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:53. [PMID: 28790899 PMCID: PMC5524679 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum has two functionally-defined subdivisions: a dorsomedial striatum (DMS) region involved in mediating goal-directed behaviors that require conscious effort, and a dorsolateral striatum (DLS) region involved in the execution of habitual behaviors in a familiar sensory context. Consistent with its presumed role in forming stimulus-response (S-R) associations, neurons in DLS receive massive inputs from sensorimotor cortex and are responsive to both active and passive sensory stimulation. While several studies have established that corticostriatal inputs contribute to the stimulus-induced responses observed in the DLS, there is growing awareness that the thalamus has a significant role in conveying sensory-related information to DLS and other parts of the striatum. The thalamostriatal projections to DLS originate mainly from the caudal intralaminar region, which contains the parafascicular (Pf) nucleus, and from higher-order thalamic nuclei such as the medial part of the posterior (POm) nucleus. Based on recent findings, we hypothesize that the thalamostriatal projections from these two regions exert opposing influences on the expression of behavioral habits. This article reviews the subcortical circuits that regulate the transmission of sensory information through these thalamostriatal projection systems, and describes the evidence that indicates these circuits could be manipulated to ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Alloway
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA, United States
| | - Jared B. Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Todd M. Mowery
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Glenn D. R. Watson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, United States
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Yamanaka K, Hori Y, Minamimoto T, Yamada H, Matsumoto N, Enomoto K, Aosaki T, Graybiel AM, Kimura M. Roles of centromedian parafascicular nuclei of thalamus and cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum in associative learning of environmental events. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:501-513. [PMID: 28324169 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thalamus provides a massive input to the striatum, but despite accumulating evidence, the functions of this system remain unclear. It is known, however, that the centromedian (CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei of the thalamus can strongly influence particular striatal neuron subtypes, notably including the cholinergic interneurons of the striatum (CINs), key regulators of striatal function. Here, we highlight the thalamostriatal system through the CM-Pf to striatal CINs. We consider how, by virtue of the direct synaptic connections of the CM and PF, their neural activity contributes to the activity of CINs and striatal projection neurons (SPNs). CM-Pf neurons are strongly activated at sudden changes in behavioral context, such as switches in action-outcome contingency or sequence of behavioral requirements, suggesting that their activity may represent change of context operationalized as associability. Striatal CINs, on the other hand, acquire and loose responses to external events associated with particular contexts. In light of this physiological evidence, we propose a hypothesis of the CM-Pf-CINs system, suggesting that it augments associative learning by generating an associability signal and promotes reinforcement learning guided by reward prediction error signals from dopamine-containing neurons. We discuss neuronal circuit and synaptic organizations based on in vivo/in vitro studies that we suppose to underlie our hypothesis. Possible implications of CM-Pf-CINs dysfunction (or degeneration) in brain diseases are also discussed by focusing on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Yamanaka
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Enomoto
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aosaki
- Neurophysiology Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minoru Kimura
- Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Reig R, Silberberg G. Distinct Corticostriatal and Intracortical Pathways Mediate Bilateral Sensory Responses in the Striatum. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:4405-4415. [PMID: 27664965 PMCID: PMC5193142 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual striatal neurons integrate somatosensory information from both sides of the body, however, the afferent pathways mediating these bilateral responses are unclear. Whereas ipsilateral corticostriatal projections are prevalent throughout the neocortex, contralateral projections provide sparse input from primary sensory cortices, in contrast to the dense innervation from motor and frontal regions. There is, therefore, an apparent discrepancy between the observed anatomical pathways and the recorded striatal responses. We used simultaneous in vivo whole-cell and extracellular recordings combined with focal cortical silencing, to dissect the afferent pathways underlying bilateral sensory integration in the mouse striatum. We show that unlike direct corticostriatal projections mediating responses to contralateral whisker deflection, responses to ipsilateral stimuli are mediated mainly by intracortical projections from the contralateral somatosensory cortex (S1). The dominant pathway is the callosal projection from contralateral to ipsilateral S1. Our results suggest a functional difference between the cortico-basal ganglia pathways underlying bilateral sensory and motor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Reig
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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