1
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Cheng Y, Wang S, Gao Q, Fang D. ATXN3 functions as a tumor suppresser through potentiating Galectin-9-mediated apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 2024:107415. [PMID: 38815863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
While the deubiquitinase ATXN3 has been implicated as a potential oncogene in various types of human cancers, its role in colon adenocarcinoma remains understudied. Surprisingly, our findings demonstrate that ATXN3 exerts an anti-tumor effect in human colon cancers through potentiating Galectin-9-induced apoptosis. CRISPR-mediated ATXN3 deletion unexpectedly intensified colon cancer growth both in vitro and in xenograft colon cancers. At the molecular level, we identified ATXN3 as a bona fide deubiquitinase specifically targeting Galectin-9, as ATXN3 interacted with and inhibited Galectin-9 ubiquitination. Consequently, targeted ATXN3 ablation resulted in reduced Galectin-9 protein expression, thereby diminishing Galectin-9-induced colon cancer apoptosis and cell growth arrest. The ectopic expression of Galectin-9 fully reversed the growth of ATXN3-null colon cancer in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining revealed a significant reduction in both ATXN3 and Galectin-9 protein expression, along with a positive correlation between them in human colon cancer. Our study identifies the first Galectin-9-specific deubiquitinase and unveils a tumor-suppressive role of ATXN3 in human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611; Center for Human Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA 60611.
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2
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Cao H, Zhou X, Xu B, Hu H, Guo J, Ma Y, Wang M, Li N, Jun Z. Advances in the study of protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammal cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:212-232. [PMID: 38453636 PMCID: PMC10918413 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control. More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, during protein folding, unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur, which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins. The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells, in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zou Jun
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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3
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Zhao X, Liu D, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ning S, Wang G, Meng L, Yao J, Tian X. HRD1-induced TMEM2 ubiquitination promotes ER stress-mediated apoptosis through a non-canonical pathway in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:154. [PMID: 38378757 PMCID: PMC10879504 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a typical pathological course in the clinic with a high morbidity rate. Recent research has pointed out the critical role of ubiquitination during the occurrence and development of intestinal I/R by precisely mediating protein quality control and function. Here, we conducted an integrated multiomic analysis to identify critical ubiquitination-associated molecules in intestinal I/R and identified endoplasmic reticulum-located HRD1 as a candidate molecule. During intestinal I/R, excessive ER stress plays a central role by causing apoptotic pathway activation. In particular, we found that ER stress-mediated apoptosis was mitigated by HRD1 knockdown in intestinal I/R mice. Mechanistically, TMEM2 was identified as a new substrate of HRD1 in intestinal I/R by mass spectrometry analysis, which has a crucial role in attenuating apoptosis and promoting non-canonical ER stress resistance. A strong negative correlation was found between the protein levels of HRD1 and TMEM2 in human intestinal ischemia samples. Specifically, HRD1 interacted with the lysine 42 residue of TMEM2 and reduced its stabilization by K48-linked polyubiquitination. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that TMEM2 regulated ER stress-mediated apoptosis in association with the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway rather than canonical ER stress pathways. In summary, HRD1 regulates ER stress-mediated apoptosis through a non-canonical pathway by ubiquitinating TMEM2 and inhibiting PI3k/Akt activation during intestinal I/R. The current study shows that HRD1 is an intestinal I/R critical regulator and that targeting the HRD1/TMEM2 axis may be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzi Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Deshun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China.
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4
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Lin LL, Wang HH, Pederson B, Wei X, Torres M, Lu Y, Li ZJ, Liu X, Mao H, Wang H, Zhou LE, Zhao Z, Sun S, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is required to form a functional HRD1 ERAD complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1440. [PMID: 38365914 PMCID: PMC10873344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex represents the most conserved branch of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Despite recent advances in both mouse models and humans, in vivo evidence for the importance of SEL1L in the ERAD complex formation and its (patho-)physiological relevance in mammals remains limited. Here we report that SEL1L variant p.Ser658Pro (SEL1LS658P) is a pathogenic hypomorphic mutation, causing partial embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and early-onset cerebellar ataxia in homozygous mice carrying the bi-allelic variant. Biochemical analyses reveal that SEL1LS658P variant not only reduces the protein stability of SEL1L, but attenuates the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction, likely via electrostatic repulsion between SEL1L F668 and HRD1 Y30 residues. Proteomic screens of SEL1L and HRD1 interactomes reveal that SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is a prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex, as SEL1L is required for the recruitment of E2 enzyme UBE2J1 as well as DERLIN to HRD1. These data not only establish the disease relevance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, but also provide additional insight into the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Huilun Helen Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Brent Pederson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hancheng Mao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Linyao Elina Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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5
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Wei X, Lu Y, Lin LL, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang S, Wu SA, Li ZJ, Quan Y, Sun S, Qi L. Proteomic screens of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation substrates reveal its role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:659. [PMID: 38253565 PMCID: PMC10803770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely elusive. Here we report a proteomics strategy based on the intrinsic property of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex to identify endogenous ERAD substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Following stringent filtering using a machine learning algorithm, over 100 high-confidence potential substrates are identified in human HEK293T and mouse brown adipose tissue, among which ~88% are cell type-specific. One of the top shared hits is the catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-transamidase complex, PIGK. Indeed, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD attenuates the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins by specifically targeting PIGK for proteasomal degradation. Lastly, several PIGK disease variants in inherited GPI deficiency disorders are also SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD substrates. This study provides a platform and resources for future effort to identify proteome-wide endogenous substrates in vivo, and implicates SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in many cellular processes including the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yujun Quan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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6
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Wang HH, Lin LL, Li ZJ, Wei X, Askander O, Cappuccio G, Hashem MO, Hubert L, Munnich A, Alqahtani M, Pang Q, Burmeister M, Lu Y, Poirier K, Besmond C, Sun S, Brunetti-Pierri N, Alkuraya FS, Qi L. Hypomorphic variants of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170054. [PMID: 37943610 PMCID: PMC10786691 DOI: 10.1172/jci170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using cell type-specific knockout mouse models have improved our understanding of the pathophysiological relevance of suppressor of lin-12-like-HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (SEL1L-HRD1) endoplasmic reticulum-associated (ER-associated) degradation (ERAD); however, its importance in humans remains unclear, as no disease variant has been identified. Here, we report the identification of 3 biallelic missense variants of SEL1L and HRD1 (or SYVN1) in 6 children from 3 independent families presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia, and/or ataxia. These SEL1L (p.Gly585Asp, p.Met528Arg) and HRD1 (p.Pro398Leu) variants were hypomorphic and impaired ERAD function at distinct steps of ERAD, including substrate recruitment (SEL1L p.Gly585Asp), SEL1L-HRD1 complex formation (SEL1L p.Met528Arg), and HRD1 activity (HRD1 p.Pro398Leu). Our study not only provides insights into the structure-function relationship of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, but also establishes the importance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilun H. Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Liangguang L. Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Zexin J. Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Omar Askander
- Hopital Cheik Zaïd, Hopital Universitaire International RABAT, Morocco
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mais O. Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurence Hubert
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Mashael Alqahtani
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | | | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Mao H, Kim GH, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation regulates leptin receptor maturation and signaling in POMC neurons in diet-induced obesity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3768472. [PMID: 38260335 PMCID: PMC10802724 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3768472/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in the hypothalamus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain patho-physiological conditions such as diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes; however, the significance of ER quality control mechanism(s) and its underlying mechanism remain largely unclear and highly controversial in some cases. Moreover, how the biogenesis of nascent leptin receptor in the ER is regulated remains largely unexplored. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of the highly conserved ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) machinery in POMC neurons is indispensable for leptin signaling in diet-induced obesity. SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is constitutively expressed in hypothalamic POMC neurons. Loss of SEL1L in POMC neurons attenuates leptin signaling and predisposes mice to HFD-associated pathologies including leptin resistance. Mechanistically, newly synthesized leptin receptors, both wildtype and disease-associated human mutant Cys604Ser (Cys602Ser in mice), are misfolding prone and bona fide substrates of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD. Indeed, defects in SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD markedly impair the maturation of these receptors and causes their ER retention. This study not only uncovers a new role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity and central leptin resistance, but a new regulatory mechanism for leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Mao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Present address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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8
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Luo H, Jiao QB, Shen CB, Gong WY, Yuan JH, Liu YY, Chen Z, Liu J, Xu XL, Cong YS, Zhang XW. UFMylation of HRD1 regulates endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23221. [PMID: 37795761 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300004rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin fold modifier 1 is a small ubiquitin-like protein modifier that is essential for embryonic development of metazoans. Although UFMylation has been connected to endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms and the relevant cellular targets are largely unknown. Here, we show that HRD1, a ubiquitin ligase of ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), is a novel substrate of UFM1 conjugation. HRD1 interacts with UFMylation components UFL1 and DDRGK1 and is UFMylated at Lys610 residue. In UFL1-depleted cells, the stability of HRD1 is increased and its ubiquitination modification is reduced. In the event of ER stress, the UFMylation and ubiquitination modification of HRD1 is gradually inhibited over time. Alteration of HRD1 Lys610 residue to arginine impairs its ability to degrade unfolded or misfolded proteins to disturb protein processing in ER. These results suggest that UFMylation of HRD1 facilitates ERAD function to maintain ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Bin Jiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Bin Shen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Wei Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Wang M, Tang J, Zhang S, Pang K, Zhao Y, Liu N, Huang J, Kang J, Dong S, Li H, Tian Z, Duan B, Lu F, Zhang W. Exogenous H 2S initiating Nrf2/GPx4/GSH pathway through promoting Syvn1-Keap1 interaction in diabetic hearts. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:394. [PMID: 37875467 PMCID: PMC10598017 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive ROS accumulation contributes to cardiac injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a vital endogenous gasotransmitter to alleviate cardiac damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of NaHS administration in db/db mice via intraperitoneal injection for 20 weeks and the treatment of high glucose (HG), palmitate (PA) and NaHS in HL-1 cardiomyocytes for 48 h, respectively. H2S levels were decreased in hearts of db/db mice and HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to HG and PA, which were restored by NaHS. Exogenous H2S activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4)/glutathione (GSH) pathway, suppressed ferroptosis and mitigated mitochondrial apoptosis in db/db mice. However, these effects were abrogated after Nrf2 knockdown. NaHS treatment elevated the ubiquitination level of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1) by preserving its E3 ligase synoviolin (Syvn1), resulting in Nrf2 nuclear translocation. H2S facilitated the sulfhydration of Syvn1-cys115 site, a post-translational modification. Transfecting Syvn1 C115A in cardiomyocytes exposed to HG and PA partially attenuated the effects of NaHS on Nrf2 and cell death. Our findings suggest that exogenous H2S regulates Nrf2/GPx4/GSH pathway by promoting the Syvn1-Keap1 interaction to reduce ferroptosis and mitochondrial apoptosis in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Kemiao Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Binhong Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 150036, Harbin, China
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China.
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081, Harbin, China.
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10
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Abdon B, Liang Y, da Luz Scheffer D, Torres M, Shrestha N, Reinert RB, Lu Y, Pederson B, Bugarin-Lapuz A, Kersten S, Qi L. Muscle-specific ER-associated degradation maintains postnatal muscle hypertrophy and systemic energy metabolism. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170387. [PMID: 37535424 PMCID: PMC10578429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of skeletal muscle relies on a delicate equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation; however, how proteostasis is managed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation (ERAD) complex, the primary molecular machinery that degrades misfolded proteins in the ER, is vital to maintain postnatal muscle growth and systemic energy balance. Myocyte-specific SEL1L deletion blunts the hypertrophic phase of muscle growth, resulting in a net zero gain of muscle mass during this developmental period and a 30% reduction in overall body growth. In addition, myocyte-specific SEL1L deletion triggered a systemic reprogramming of metabolism characterized by improved glucose sensitivity, enhanced beigeing of adipocytes, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These effects were partially mediated by the upregulation of the myokine FGF21. These findings highlight the pivotal role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD activity in skeletal myocytes for postnatal muscle growth, and its physiological integration in maintaining whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Abdon
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel B. Reinert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brent Pederson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amara Bugarin-Lapuz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Luo H, Jiao Q, Shen C, Shao C, Xie J, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang X. Unraveling the roles of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1123769. [PMID: 37455916 PMCID: PMC10339828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum cause many human diseases. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the protein quality and quantity control system located at ER, which is responsible for translocating the misfolded proteins or properly folded but excess proteins out of the ER for proteasomal degradation. Recent studies have revealed that mice with ERAD deficiency in specific cell types exhibit impaired metabolism homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the ERAD physiological functions in metabolic disorders in a substrate-dependent and cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- *Correspondence: Hui Luo, ; Xingwei Zhang,
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12
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Lin LL, Wei X, Wang HH, Pederson B, Torres M, Lu Y, Li ZJ, Liu X, Mao H, Wang H, Zhao Z, Sun S, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536796. [PMID: 37333389 PMCID: PMC10274661 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex represents the most conserved branch of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD); however, definitive evidence for the importance of SEL1L in HRD1 ERAD is lacking. Here we report that attenuation of the interaction between SEL1L and HRD1 impairs HRD1 ERAD function and has pathological consequences in mice. Our data show that SEL1L variant p.Ser658Pro ( SEL1L S 658 P ) previously identified in Finnish Hound suffering cerebellar ataxia is a recessive hypomorphic mutation, causing partial embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and early-onset cerebellar ataxia in homozygous mice carrying the bi-allelic variant. Mechanistically, SEL1L S 658 P variant attenuates the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction and causes HRD1 dysfunction by generating electrostatic repulsion between SEL1L F668 and HRD1 Y30 residues. Proteomic screens of SEL1L and HRD1 interactomes revealed that the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex, as SEL1L recruits not only the lectins OS9 and ERLEC1, but the E2 UBE2J1 and retrotranslocon DERLIN, to HRD1. These data underscore the pathophysiological importance and disease relevance of the SEL1L-HRD1 complex, and identify a key step in organizing the HRD1 ERAD complex.
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13
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Wu SA, Shen C, Wei X, Zhang X, Wang S, Chen X, Torres M, Lu Y, Lin LL, Wang HH, Hunter AH, Fang D, Sun S, Ivanova MI, Lin Y, Qi L. The mechanisms to dispose of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3132. [PMID: 37253728 PMCID: PMC10229581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy are two principal degradative mechanisms for ER proteins and aggregates, respectively; however, the crosstalk between these two pathways under physiological settings remains unexplored. Using adipocytes as a model system, here we report that SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of ERAD degrades misfolded ER proteins and limits ER-phagy and that, only when SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is impaired, the ER becomes fragmented and cleared by ER-phagy. When both are compromised, ER fragments containing misfolded proteins spatially coalesce into a distinct architecture termed Coalescence of ER Fragments (CERFs), consisted of lipoprotein lipase (LPL, a key lipolytic enzyme and an endogenous SEL1L-HRD1 substrate) and certain ER chaperones. CERFs enlarge and become increasingly insoluble with age. Finally, we reconstitute the CERFs through LPL and BiP phase separation in vitro, a process influenced by both redox environment and C-terminal tryptophan loop of LPL. Hence, our findings demonstrate a sequence of events centered around SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD to dispose of misfolded proteins in the ER of adipocytes, highlighting the profound cellular adaptability to misfolded proteins in the ER in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chenchen Shen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Huilun Helen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Allen H Hunter
- College of Engineering and Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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14
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Ji Y, Luo Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Xue Z, Sun M, Wei X, He Z, Wu SA, Lin LL, Lu Y, Chang L, Chen F, Chen S, Qian W, Xu X, Chen S, Pan D, Zhou Z, Xia S, Hu CCA, Liang T, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:726-739. [PMID: 37142791 PMCID: PMC10185471 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) orchestrates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic double-stranded DNA; however, the pathophysiological significance and molecular mechanism underlying the folding and maturation of nascent STING protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain unknown. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex-the most conserved branch of ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-is a negative regulator of the STING innate immunity by ubiquitinating and targeting nascent STING protein for proteasomal degradation in the basal state. SEL1L or HRD1 deficiency in macrophages specifically amplifies STING signalling and immunity against viral infection and tumour growth. Mechanistically, nascent STING protein is a bona fide substrate of SEL1L-HRD1 in the basal state, uncoupled from ER stress or its sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. Hence, our study not only establishes a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool, but identifies a regulatory mechanism and therapeutic approach to targeting STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zinan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lei Chang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shengnuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Thepsuwan P, Bhattacharya A, Song Z, Hippleheuser S, Feng S, Wei X, Das NK, Sierra M, Wei J, Fang D, Huang YMM, Zhang K, Shah YM, Sun S. Hepatic SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation regulates systemic iron homeostasis via ceruloplasmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212644120. [PMID: 36595688 PMCID: PMC9926173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212644120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is critical for cellular and organismal function and is tightly regulated to prevent toxicity or anemia due to iron excess or deficiency, respectively. However, subcellular regulatory mechanisms of iron remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) in hepatocytes controls systemic iron homeostasis in a ceruloplasmin (CP)-dependent, and ER stress-independent, manner. Mice with hepatocyte-specific Sel1L deficiency exhibit altered basal iron homeostasis and are sensitized to iron deficiency while resistant to iron overload. Proteomics screening for a factor linking ERAD deficiency to altered iron homeostasis identifies CP, a key ferroxidase involved in systemic iron distribution by catalyzing iron oxidation and efflux from tissues. Indeed, CP is highly unstable and a bona fide substrate of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD. In the absence of ERAD, CP protein accumulates in the ER and is shunted to refolding, leading to elevated secretion. Providing clinical relevance of these findings, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is responsible for the degradation of a subset of disease-causing CP mutants, thereby attenuating their pathogenicity. Together, this study uncovers the role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in systemic iron homeostasis and provides insights into protein misfolding-associated proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Thepsuwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Asmita Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Stephen Hippleheuser
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Shaobin Feng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
| | - Nupur K. Das
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
| | - Mariana Sierra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Yu-ming M. Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI48201
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16
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Chen G, Wei T, Ju F, Li H. Protein quality control and aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum: From basic to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1156152. [PMID: 37152279 PMCID: PMC10154544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1156152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane-bound compartment in all cells and functions as a key regulator in protein biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium balance. Mammalian endoplasmic reticulum has evolved with an orchestrated protein quality control system to handle defective proteins and ensure endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Nevertheless, the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum may occur during pathological conditions. The inability of endoplasmic reticulum quality control system to clear faulty proteins and aggregates from the endoplasmic reticulum results in the development of many human disorders. The efforts to comprehensively understand endoplasmic reticulum quality control network and protein aggregation will benefit the diagnostics and therapeutics of endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases. Herein, we overview recent advances in mammalian endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control system, describe protein phase transition model, and summarize the approaches to monitor protein aggregation. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic applications of enhancing endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control pathways in endoplasmic reticulum storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyi Wei
- Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Ju
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sha Tin, Hong kong SAR, China
| | - Haisen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- AoBio Medical, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haisen Li,
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17
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Bhattacharya A, Wei J, Song W, Gao B, Tian C, Wu SA, Wang J, Chen L, Fang D, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation suppresses hepatocyte hyperproliferation and liver cancer. iScience 2022; 25:105183. [PMID: 36238898 PMCID: PMC9550610 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various forms of cancer; however, our understanding of the role of ER quality control mechanisms in tumorigenesis remains incomplete. Here, we show that the SEL1L-HRD1 complex of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) suppresses hepatocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Sel1L or Hrd1 predisposed mice to diet/chemical-induced tumors. Proteomics screen from SEL1L-deficient livers revealed WNT5A, a tumor suppressor, as an ERAD substrate. Indeed, nascent WNT5A was misfolding prone and degraded by SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in a quality control capacity. In the absence of ERAD, WNT5A misfolds is largely retained in the ER and forms high-molecular weight aggregates, thereby depicting a loss-of-function effect and attenuating WNT5A-mediated suppression of hepatocyte proliferation. In humans, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD expression correlated positively with survival time for patients with liver cancer. Overall, our data reveal a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in suppressing hepatocyte proliferation and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wenxin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chunyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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18
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Pan X, Hussain MM. Bmal1 regulates production of larger lipoproteins by modulating cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H and apolipoprotein AIV. Hepatology 2022; 76:78-93. [PMID: 34626126 PMCID: PMC8993942 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High plasma lipid/lipoprotein levels are risk factors for various metabolic diseases. We previously showed that circadian rhythms regulate plasma lipids and deregulation of these rhythms causes hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we show that global and liver-specific brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1)-deficient mice maintained on a chow or Western diet developed hyperlipidemia, denoted by the presence of higher amounts of triglyceride-rich and apolipoprotein AIV (ApoAIV)-rich larger chylomicron and VLDL due to overproduction. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bmal1 deficiency decreased small heterodimer partner (Shp) and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a key protein that facilitates primordial lipoprotein assembly and secretion. Moreover, we show that Bmal1 regulates cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (Crebh) to modulate ApoAIV expression and the assembly of larger lipoproteins. This is supported by the observation that Crebh-deficient and ApoAIV-deficient mice, along with Bmal1-deficient mice with knockdown of Crebh, had smaller lipoproteins. Further, overexpression of Bmal1 in Crebh-deficient mice had no effect on ApoAIV expression and lipoprotein size. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that regulation of ApoAIV and assembly of larger lipoproteins by Bmal1 requires Crebh. Mechanistic studies showed that Bmal1 regulates Crebh expression by two mechanisms. First, Bmal1 interacts with the Crebh promoter to control circadian regulation. Second, Bmal1 increases Rev-erbα expression, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (Nr1D1, Rev-erbα) interacts with the Crebh promoter to repress expression. In short, Bmal1 modulates both the synthesis of primordial lipoproteins and their subsequent expansion into larger lipoproteins by regulating two different proteins, MTP and ApoAIV, through two different transcription factors, Shp and Crebh. It is likely that disruptions in circadian mechanisms contribute to hyperlipidemia and that avoiding disruptions in circadian rhythms may limit/prevent hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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19
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FGF21 Reduces Lipid Accumulation in Bovine Hepatocytes by Enhancing Lipid Oxidation and Reducing Lipogenesis via AMPK Signaling. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070939. [PMID: 35405926 PMCID: PMC8996872 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period, dairy cows suffer drastic metabolic stress because of plasma increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) that stem from a negative energy balance. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine that activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to maintain intracellular energy balance and tissue integrity via the promotion of catabolism and the inhibition of anabolic regulation. FGF21 treatment caused a 50% reduction in triglyceride (TG) content in liver in dairy cows. However, it is not clear whether FGF21 regulates lipid metabolism in bovine liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of FGF21 on lipid metabolism via AMPK signaling in bovine hepatocytes. The hepatocytes isolated from calves were treated with different concentrations of FGF21 or co-treated with AMPK inhibitor (BML-275). Herein, the study showed that FGF21 significantly reduced TG content in a dose–response manner and promoted very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion via an up-regulation of the proteins (ApoB 100, ApoE and MTTP) involved in VLDL secretion. Otherwise, the genes associated with lipid transport (LDLR and CD36) and lipid oxidation (PPARGC1A, ACOX1 and CPT1A), were up-regulated following FGF21 treatment. Moreover, FGF21 treatment inhibited lipogenesis via SREBF1, ACACA, FASN and ACLY inhibition. After being co-treated with the AMPK inhibitor, FGF21-induced changes were reversed in some genes. In conclusion, these results indicate that FGF21 adaptively regulates energy metabolism for a negative impact on lipogenesis, strengthens lipid oxidation, and inhibited lipid transportation via AMPK signaling in bovine hepatocytes. The present data suggest the possibility that FGF21 has potential value in alleviating perinatal metabolic diseases in dairy cows, and specific research in vivo should be studied in more detail.
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20
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Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Proteolysis in Reproduction: Lessons From Gene-Modified Organism Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876370. [PMID: 35600599 PMCID: PMC9114714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of proteolysis are not limited to degrading unnecessary proteins. Proteolysis plays pivotal roles in various biological processes through cleaving peptide bonds to activate and inactivate proteins including enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors. As a wide range of cellular processes is regulated by proteolysis, abnormalities or dysregulation of such proteolytic processes therefore often cause diseases. Recent genetic studies have clarified the inclusion of proteases and protease inhibitors in various reproductive processes such as development of gonads, generation and activation of gametes, and physical interaction between gametes in various species including yeast, animals, and plants. Such studies not only clarify proteolysis-related factors but the biological processes regulated by proteolysis for successful reproduction. Here the physiological roles of proteases and proteolysis in reproduction will be reviewed based on findings using gene-modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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21
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Wei J, Harada BT, Lu D, Ma R, Gao B, Xu Y, Montauti E, Mani N, Chaudhuri SM, Gregory S, Weinberg SE, Zhang DD, Green R, He C, Fang D. HRD1-mediated METTL14 degradation regulates m 6A mRNA modification to suppress ER proteotoxic liver disease. Mol Cell 2021; 81:5052-5065.e6. [PMID: 34847358 PMCID: PMC8751812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen triggers an unfolded protein response (UPR) for stress adaptation, the failure of which induces cell apoptosis and tissue/organ damage. The molecular switches underlying how the UPR selects for stress adaptation over apoptosis remain unknown. Here, we discovered that accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins selectively induces N6-adenosine-methyltransferase-14 (METTL14) expression. METTL14 promotes C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA decay through its 3' UTR N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to inhibit its downstream pro-apoptotic target gene expression. UPR induces METTL14 expression by competing against the HRD1-ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery to block METTL14 ubiquitination and degradation. Therefore, mice with liver-specific METTL14 deletion are highly susceptible to both acute pharmacological and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-induced ER proteotoxic stress and liver injury. Further hepatic CHOP deletion protects METTL14 knockout mice from ER-stress-induced liver damage. Our study reveals a crosstalk between ER stress and mRNA m6A modification pathways, termed the ERm6A pathway, for ER stress adaptation to proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Bryan T Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elena Montauti
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikita Mani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shuvam M Chaudhuri
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shana Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel E Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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22
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Yang Q, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu S, Hu F, Huang Y, Ma T, Hu H, Tian H, Tian S, Ji YX, She ZG, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Hu Y, Yang H, Yuan Y, Li H. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Ring Finger Protein 5 Ameliorates NASH Through Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl CoA Reductase Degradation Protein 1. Hepatology 2021; 74:3018-3036. [PMID: 34272738 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, but no effective pharmacological therapeutics are available for clinical use. NASH is the more severe stage of NAFLD. During this progress, dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related pathways and proteins is one of the predominant hallmarks. We aimed to reveal the role of ring finger protein 5 (RNF5), an ER-localized E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, in NASH and to explore its underlying mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS We first inspected the expression level of RNF5 and found that it was markedly decreased in livers with NASH in multiple species including humans. We then introduced adenoviruses for Rnf5 overexpression or knockdown into primary mouse hepatocytes and found that palmitic acid/oleic acid (PAOA)-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes were markedly attenuated by Rnf5 overexpression but exacerbated by Rnf5 gene silencing. Hepatocyte-specific Rnf5 knockout significantly exacerbated hepatic steatosis, inflammatory response, and fibrosis in mice challenged with diet-induced NASH. Mechanistically, we identified 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1) as a binding partner of RNF5 by systematic interactomics analysis. RNF5 directly bound to HRD1 and promoted its lysine 48 (K48)-linked and K33-linked ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, Hrd1 overexpression significantly exacerbated PAOA-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation, and short hairpin RNA-mediated Hrd1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Notably, Hrd1 knockdown significantly diminished PAOA-induced lipid deposition, and up-regulation of related genes resulted from Rnf5 ablation in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that RNF5 inhibits NASH progression by targeting HRD1 in the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. Targeting the RNF5-HRD1 axis may provide insights into the pathogenesis of NASH and pave the way for developing strategies for NASH prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedures of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedures of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Hubei, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Li H, Sun S. Protein Aggregation in the ER: Calm behind the Storm. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123337. [PMID: 34943844 PMCID: PMC8699410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the largest organelles in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a vital role in the synthesis, folding, and assembly of secretory and membrane proteins. To maintain its homeostasis, the ER is equipped with an elaborate network of protein folding chaperones and multiple quality control pathways whose cooperative actions safeguard the fidelity of protein biogenesis. However, due to genetic abnormalities, the error-prone nature of protein folding and assembly, and/or defects or limited capacities of the protein quality control systems, nascent proteins may become misfolded and fail to exit the ER. If not cleared efficiently, the progressive accumulation of misfolded proteins within the ER may result in the formation of toxic protein aggregates, leading to the so-called “ER storage diseases”. In this review, we first summarize our current understanding of the protein folding and quality control networks in the ER, including chaperones, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), and ER-selective autophagy (ER-phagy). We then survey recent research progress on a few ER storage diseases, with a focus on the role of ER quality control in the disease etiology, followed by a discussion on outstanding questions and emerging concepts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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CREBH Systemically Regulates Lipid Metabolism by Modulating and Integrating Cellular Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093204. [PMID: 34579081 PMCID: PMC8472586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH, encoded by CREB3L3) is a membrane-bound transcriptional factor expressed in the liver and small intestine. The activity of CREBH is regulated not only at the transcriptional level but also at the posttranslational level. CREBH governs triglyceride metabolism in the liver by controlling gene expression, with effects including the oxidation of fatty acids, lipophagy, and the expression of apolipoproteins related to the lipoprotein lipase activation and suppression of lipogenesis. The activation and functions of CREBH are controlled in response to the circadian rhythm. On the other hand, intestinal CREBH downregulates the absorption of lipids from the diet. CREBH deficiency in mice leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver in the fasted state and while feeding a high-fat diet. Therefore, when crossing CREBH knockout (KO) mice with an atherosclerosis model, low-density lipoprotein receptor KO mice, these mice exhibit severe atherosclerosis. This phenotype is seen in both liver- and small intestine-specific CREBH KO mice, suggesting that CREBH controls lipid homeostasis in an enterohepatic interaction. This review highlights that CREBH has a crucial role in systemic lipid homeostasis to integrate cellular functions related to lipid metabolism.
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25
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Yang Z, Roth K, Agarwal M, Liu W, Petriello MC. The transcription factors CREBH, PPARa, and FOXO1 as critical hepatic mediators of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108633. [PMID: 33789150 PMCID: PMC8355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a critical mediator of lipid and/or glucose homeostasis and is a primary organ involved in dynamic changes during feeding and fasting. Additionally, hepatic-centric pathways are prone to dysregulation during pathophysiological states including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Omics platforms and GWAS have elucidated genes related to increased risk of developing MetS and related disorders, but mutations in these metabolism-related genes are rare and cannot fully explain the increasing prevalence of MetS-related pathologies worldwide. Complex interactions between diet, lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition jointly determine inter-individual variability of disease risk. Given the complexity of these interactions, researchers have focused on master regulators of metabolic responses incorporating and mediating the impact of multiple environmental cues. Transcription factors are DNA binding, terminal executors of signaling pathways that modulate the cellular responses to complex metabolic stimuli and are related to the control of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Among numerous hepatic transcription factors involved in regulating metabolism, three emerge as key players in transducing nutrient sensing, which are dysregulated in MetS-related perturbations in both clinical and preclinical studies: cAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3 Like 3 (CREB3L3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR), and Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Additionally, these three transcription factors appear to be amenable to dietary and/or nutrient-based therapies, being potential targets of nutritional therapy. In this review we aim to describe the activation, regulation, and impact of these transcription factors in the context of metabolic homeostasis. We also summarize their perspectives in MetS and nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (IEHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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26
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Kim H, Wei J, Song Z, Mottillo E, Samavati L, Zhang R, Li L, Chen X, Jena BP, Lin JD, Fang D, Zhang K. Regulation of hepatic circadian metabolism by the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1-controlled CREBH/PPARα transcriptional program. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101192. [PMID: 33592335 PMCID: PMC7966871 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident E3 ligase HRD1 and its co-activator Sel1L are major components of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism and functional significance underlying the circadian regulation of HRD1/Sel1L-mediated protein degradation program in hepatic energy metabolism. METHODS Genetically engineered animal models as well as gain- and loss-of-function studies were employed to address the circadian regulatory mechanism and functional significance. Gene expression, transcriptional activation, protein-protein interaction, and animal metabolic phenotyping analyses were performed to dissect the molecular network and metabolic pathways. RESULTS Hepatic HRD1 and Sel1L expression exhibits circadian rhythmicity that is controlled by the ER-tethered transcriptional activator CREBH, the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and the core clock oscillator BMAL1 in mouse livers. HRD1/Sel1L mediates polyubiquitination and degradation of the CREBH protein across the circadian cycle to modulate rhythmic expression of the genes encoding the rate-limiting enzymes or regulators in fatty acid (FA) oxidation, triglyceride (TG) lipolysis, lipophagy, and gluconeogenesis. HRD1 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice displayed increased expression of the genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and impaired circadian profiles of circulating TG, FA, and glucose due to overproduction of CREBH. The circadian metabolic activities of HRD1 LKO mice were inversely correlated with those of CREBH KO mice. Suppressing CREBH overproduction in the livers of HRD1 LKO mice restored the diurnal levels of circulating TG and FA of HRD1 LKO mice. CONCLUSION Our work revealed a key circadian-regulated molecular network through which the E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and its co-activator Sel1L regulate hepatic circadian metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Emilio Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bhanu P Jena
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; NanoBioScience Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; NanoBioScience Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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27
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Yoshida S, Wei X, Zhang G, O'Connor CL, Torres M, Zhou Z, Lin L, Menon R, Xu X, Zheng W, Xiong Y, Otto E, Tang CHA, Hua R, Verma R, Mori H, Zhang Y, Hu CCA, Liu M, Garg P, Hodgin JB, Sun S, Bitzer M, Qi L. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation is required for nephrin maturation and kidney glomerular filtration function. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143988. [PMID: 33591954 DOI: 10.1172/jci143988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are key to the glomerular filtration barrier by forming a slit diaphragm between interdigitating foot processes; however, the molecular details and functional importance of protein folding and degradation in the ER remain unknown. Here, we show that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is required for slit diaphragm formation and glomerular filtration function. SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is highly expressed in podocytes of both mouse and human kidneys. Mice with podocyte-specific Sel1L deficiency develop podocytopathy and severe congenital nephrotic syndrome with an impaired slit diaphragm shortly after weaning and die prematurely, with a median lifespan of approximately 3 months. We show mechanistically that nephrin, a type 1 membrane protein causally linked to congenital nephrotic syndrome, is an endogenous ERAD substrate. ERAD deficiency attenuated the maturation of nascent nephrin, leading to its retention in the ER. We also show that various autosomal-recessive nephrin disease mutants were highly unstable and broken down by SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, which attenuated the pathogenicity of the mutants toward the WT allele. This study uncovers a critical role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in glomerular filtration barrier function and provides insights into the pathogenesis associated with autosomal-recessive disease mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher L O'Connor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhangsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangguang Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edgar Otto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chih-Hang Anthony Tang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and Department of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Puneet Garg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Cui A, Ding D, Li Y. Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism and Cell Growth by the ATF/CREB Family of Transcription Factors. Diabetes 2021; 70:653-664. [PMID: 33608424 PMCID: PMC7897342 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ that regulates the whole-body metabolic homeostasis and controls hepatocyte proliferation and growth. The ATF/CREB family of transcription factors integrates nutritional and growth signals to the regulation of metabolism and cell growth in the liver, and deregulated ATF/CREB family signaling is implicated in the progression of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. This article focuses on the roles of the ATF/CREB family in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and cell growth and its importance in liver physiology. We also highlight how the disrupted ATF/CREB network contributes to human diseases and discuss the perspectives of therapeutically targeting ATF/CREB members in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyuan Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wei J, Fang D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Hepatocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041799. [PMID: 33670323 PMCID: PMC7918477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as hepatoma, is a primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Although much attention has focused on HCC, its pathogenesis remains largely obscure. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating protein synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking, and lipid metabolism. ER stress occurs when ER homeostasis is disturbed by numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological challenges. In response to ER stress due to misfolded/unfolded protein accumulation, unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to maintain ER function for cell survival or, in cases of excessively severe ER stress, initiation of apoptosis. The liver is especially susceptible to ER stress given its protein synthesis and detoxification functions. Experimental data suggest that ER stress and unfolded protein response are involved in HCC development, aggressiveness and response to treatment. Herein, we highlight recent findings and provide an overview of the evidence linking ER stress to the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Wu SA, Kersten S, Qi L. Lipoprotein Lipase and Its Regulators: An Unfolding Story. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:48-61. [PMID: 33277156 PMCID: PMC8627828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is one of the most important factors in systemic lipid partitioning and metabolism. It mediates intravascular hydrolysis of triglycerides packed in lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Since its initial discovery in the 1940s, its biology and pathophysiological significance have been well characterized. Nonetheless, several studies in the past decade, with recent delineation of LPL crystal structure and the discovery of several new regulators such as angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) and Sel-1 suppressor of Lin-12-like 1 (SEL1L), have completely transformed our understanding of LPL biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105, USA.
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48105, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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31
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Xia W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ge X, Lv P, Cheng J, Wei J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces growth retardation by inhibiting growth hormone IGF-I axis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 55:101341. [PMID: 32890915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) is one of several growth factors which is induced by growth hormone (GH), which activates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathway, and plays crucial roles in normal human growth, metabolism, and systemic energy homeostasis. However, little is known about the negative regulation of IGF-I production under different physiological or pathological conditions. Herein, we explore whether activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates IGF-I production and normal body growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were challenged with tunicamycin (Tm) to induce ER stress activation. 24 h after stimulation, hepatic mRNA expression was analyzed by RNA-Seq and validated by qPCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed 24 h after Tm stimulation. Body growth was determined 16 days after Tm stimulation. Animals were then sacrificed and liver tissues were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Mice challenged with Tm displayed a retardation of growth. Molecularly, we found that ER stress inhibited phosphorylation of STAT5. IGF-I transcription and circulating IGF-I were also dramatically decreased under ER stress activation. Moreover, our results demonstrate that IGF-I administration ameliorates Tm-induced growth retardation. CONCLUSIONS ER stress induces growth retardation. ER stress inhibits hepatic GH-JAK2 signaling activation and its downstream target gene expression. These results warrant further research to explore the crosstalk between ER stress and growth hormone signaling in improving body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Xia
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Pengwei Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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32
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Welles JE, Dennis MD, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Glucagon-Dependent Suppression of mTORC1 is Associated with Upregulation of Hepatic FGF21 mRNA Translation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E26-E33. [PMID: 32421369 PMCID: PMC7468783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00555.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that acts to enhance insulin sensitivity and reverse many of the metabolic defects associated with consumption of a high-fat diet. Recent studies show that the liver is the primary source of FGF21 in the blood, and that hepatic FGF21 expression is upregulated by glucagon. Interestingly, glucagon acts to upregulate FGF21 production by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and H4IIE and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells independent of changes in FGF21 mRNA abundance, suggesting that FGF21 protein expression is regulated post-transcriptionally. Based on these observations, the goal of the present study was to assess whether or not FGF21 mRNA is translationally regulated. The results show that FGF21 mRNA translation and secretion of the hormone are significantly upregulated in H4IIE cells exposed to 25 nM glucagon, independent of changes in FGF21 mRNA abundance. Furthermore, the glucagon-induced upregulation of FGF21 mRNA translation is associated with suppressed activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin in complex 1 (mTORC1). Similarly, the results show that rapamycin-induced suppression of mTORC1 leads to upregulation of FGF21 mRNA translation with no change in FGF21 mRNA abundance. In contrast, activation of mTORC1 by refreshing the culture medium leads to downregulation of FGF21 mRNA translation. Notably, re-feeding fasted rats also leads to downregulation of FGF21 mRNA translation concomitantly with activation of mTORC1 in the liver. Overall, the findings support a model in which glucagon acts to upregulate FGF21 production by hepatocytes through suppression of mTORC1 and subsequent upregulation of FGF21 mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn E Welles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, United States
| | - Michael D Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, United States
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, United States
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey PA 17033, United States
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Chen L, Wei J, Zhu H, Pan H, Fang D. Energy supplementation rescues growth restriction and female infertility of mice with hepatic HRD1 ablation. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:2018-2027. [PMID: 32509196 PMCID: PMC7270037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe dietary restriction, catabolic states and even short-term caloric deprivation impair fertility in mammals including human, which is often reversible by restoration of the energy supplementation. The dysregulated crosstalk among multiple organs is possibly involved in this process. However, ideal experimental animal models are needed to illuminate functional crosstalk among distal organs during the starvation pathogenesis. We have recently discovered that conditional hepatic HRD1 gene deletion results in elevated energy expenditure and consequently leads to growth retardation and female fertility. Herein, we discovered that both growth retardation and female infertility of liver-specific HRD1 knockout mice could be fully rescued by additional energy supplementation upon HFD feeding. Hepatic HRD1 deletion appears to impair by the pituitary gland functions in secreting critical hormones in growth and female fertility including growth hormone (GH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizinghormone (LH) because a dramatic reduction in the sera levels of all three hormones were detected in liver HRD1 KO mice, which consequently shortened their tibia lengths and impaired the ovary functions in females. HFD feeding for six weeks largely restored all three hormones in liver HRD1 KO mice back to levels comparable with those in WT mice. In addition, the growth hormone induced activation of JAK-STAT5 pathway was inhibited by HRD1 deletion, and additional energy supplementation upon HFD feeding restored STAT5 transcriptional activation. Our studies establish a unique mouse model to study liver crosstalk with distal organs in regulating energy balance in growth and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing 100730, China
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing 100730, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL 60611, USA
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Dubois V, Gheeraert C, Vankrunkelsven W, Dubois‐Chevalier J, Dehondt H, Bobowski‐Gerard M, Vinod M, Zummo FP, Güiza F, Ploton M, Dorchies E, Pineau L, Boulinguiez A, Vallez E, Woitrain E, Baugé E, Lalloyer F, Duhem C, Rabhi N, van Kesteren RE, Chiang C, Lancel S, Duez H, Annicotte J, Paumelle R, Vanhorebeek I, Van den Berghe G, Staels B, Lefebvre P, Eeckhoute J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress actively suppresses hepatic molecular identity in damaged liver. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9156. [PMID: 32407006 PMCID: PMC7224309 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury triggers adaptive remodeling of the hepatic transcriptome for repair/regeneration. We demonstrate that this involves particularly profound transcriptomic alterations where acute induction of genes involved in handling of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is accompanied by partial hepatic dedifferentiation. Importantly, widespread hepatic gene downregulation could not simply be ascribed to cofactor squelching secondary to ERS gene induction, but rather involves a combination of active repressive mechanisms. ERS acts through inhibition of the liver-identity (LIVER-ID) transcription factor (TF) network, initiated by rapid LIVER-ID TF protein loss. In addition, induction of the transcriptional repressor NFIL3 further contributes to LIVER-ID gene repression. Alteration to the liver TF repertoire translates into compromised activity of regulatory regions characterized by the densest co-recruitment of LIVER-ID TFs and decommissioning of BRD4 super-enhancers driving hepatic identity. While transient repression of the hepatic molecular identity is an intrinsic part of liver repair, sustained disequilibrium between the ERS and LIVER-ID transcriptional programs is linked to liver dysfunction as shown using mouse models of acute liver injury and livers from deceased human septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dubois
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
- Present address:
Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Wouter Vankrunkelsven
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Hélène Dehondt
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Manjula Vinod
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Fabian Güiza
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maheul Ploton
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Laurent Pineau
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Alexis Boulinguiez
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Eloise Woitrain
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Eric Baugé
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Christian Duhem
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- UMR 8199 ‐ EGIDCNRSInstitut Pasteur de LilleUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamVU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cheng‐Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterDepartments of Biochemistry and PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Steve Lancel
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Hélène Duez
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | | | - Réjane Paumelle
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Ilse Vanhorebeek
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care MedicineDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Bart Staels
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Inserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1011‐EGIDUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
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Zhou Z, Torres M, Sha H, Halbrook CJ, Van den Bergh F, Reinert RB, Yamada T, Wang S, Luo Y, Hunter AH, Wang C, Sanderson TH, Liu M, Taylor A, Sesaki H, Lyssiotis CA, Wu J, Kersten S, Beard DA, Qi L. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation regulates mitochondrial dynamics in brown adipocytes. Science 2020; 368:54-60. [PMID: 32193362 PMCID: PMC7409365 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) engages mitochondria at specialized ER domains known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Here, we used three-dimensional high-resolution imaging to investigate the formation of pleomorphic "megamitochondria" with altered MAMs in brown adipocytes lacking the Sel1L-Hrd1 protein complex of ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Mice with ERAD deficiency in brown adipocytes were cold sensitive and exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. ERAD deficiency affected ER-mitochondria contacts and mitochondrial dynamics, at least in part, by regulating the turnover of the MAM protein, sigma receptor 1 (SigmaR1). Thus, our study provides molecular insights into ER-mitochondrial cross-talk and expands our understanding of the physiological importance of Sel1L-Hrd1 ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Haibo Sha
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Françoise Van den Bergh
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Rachel B Reinert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Allen H Hunter
- College of Engineering and Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Aaron Taylor
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Iyer S, Melendez-Suchi C, Han L, Baldini G, Almeida M, Jilka RL. Elevation of the unfolded protein response increases RANKL expression. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:207-218. [PMID: 32259048 PMCID: PMC7133738 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL is a common feature of pathologic bone loss, but the underlying cause of this increase is poorly understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Failure to resolve misfolding results in excess UPR signaling that stimulates cytokine production and cell death. We therefore investigated whether RANKL is one of the cytokines stimulated in response to elevated UPR in bone cells. Pharmacologic induction of UPR with tunicamycin (Tm)-stimulated RANKL expression in cultures of primary osteoblastic cells and in osteoblast and osteocyte cell lines. Pharmacologic inhibition of the UPR blunted Tm-induced RANKL production. Silencing Edem1 or Sel1l, proteins that aid in degradation of misfolded proteins, also induced UPR and increased RANKL mRNA. Moreover, Tm or hypoxia increased RANKL and bone resorption in cultures of neonatal murine calvaria. Administration of Tm to adult mice caused dilation of ER in osteoblasts and osteocytes, elevated the UPR, and increased RANKL expression and osteoclast number. These findings support the hypothesis that excessive UPR signaling stimulates the expression of RANKL by osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby facilitates excessive bone resorption and bone loss in pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | | | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Robert L Jilka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
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37
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Xu Y, Fang D. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and beyond: The multitasking roles for HRD1 in immune regulation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2020; 109:102423. [PMID: 32057541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) is a mechanism against ER stress, wherein unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulated in the ER are transported to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The ER resident E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1 has been identified as a key ERAD factor that directly catalyzes ubiquitin conjugation onto the unfolded or misfolded proteins for proteasomal degradation. The abnormally increased HRD1 expression was discovered in rheumatoid synovial cells, providing the first evidence for HRD1 dysregulation involved in human inflammatory pathogenesis. Further studies shown that inflammatory cytokines involved in rheumatoid pathogenesis including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-26 induce HRD1 expression. Recent studies using mice with tissue-specific targeted deletion of HRD1 gene have revealed important functions of HRD1 in immune regulation and inflammatory diseases. HRD1 has been shown critical for dendritic cell expression of antigens to both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Both TCR and costimulatory receptor CD28 signaling induces HRD1 expression, which promotes T cell clonal expansion and IL-2 production. Together with the fact that HRD1 is required for maintaining the stability of regulatory T cell (Treg) stability, HRD1 appears to fine tone T cell immunity. In addition, HRD1 is involved in humoral immune response by regulating early B cell development and maintaining B cell survival upon recognition of specific antigen. HRD1 appears to target its substrates for ubiquitination through, either ERAD-dependent or -independent, at least two distinct molecular mechanisms in a cell or tissue specific manner to achieve its physiological functions. Dysregulation of HRD1 expression and/or it functions are involved in autoimmune inflammatory diseases in particular rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Here, we review current findings on the mechanism of HRD1 protein in immune regulation and the involvement of HRD1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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38
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Bhattacharya A, Qi L. ER-associated degradation in health and disease - from substrate to organism. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/23/jcs232850. [PMID: 31792042 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent literature has revolutionized our view on the vital importance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) in health and disease. Suppressor/enhancer of Lin-12-like (Sel1L)-HMG-coA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1)-mediated ERAD has emerged as a crucial determinant of normal physiology and as a sentinel against disease pathogenesis in the body, in a largely substrate- and cell type-specific manner. In this Review, we highlight three features of ERAD, constitutive versus inducible ERAD, quality versus quantity control of ERAD and ERAD-mediated regulation of nuclear gene transcription, through which ERAD exerts a profound impact on a number of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Bhattacharya
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.,Graduate Program of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA .,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and the Adaptive Response to Nutritional Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194692. [PMID: 31546675 PMCID: PMC6801670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is considered an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and obesity-related disorders due to its beneficial effects in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. FGF21 response is essential under stressful conditions and its metabolic effects depend on the inducer factor or stress condition. FGF21 seems to be the key signal which communicates and coordinates the metabolic response to reverse different nutritional stresses and restores the metabolic homeostasis. This review is focused on describing individually the FGF21-dependent metabolic response activated by some of the most common nutritional challenges, the signal pathways triggering this response, and the impact of this response on global homeostasis. We consider that this is essential knowledge to identify the potential role of FGF21 in the onset and progression of some of the most prevalent metabolic pathologies and to understand the potential of FGF21 as a target for these diseases. After this review, we conclude that more research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the role of FGF21 in macronutrient preference and food intake behavior, but also in β-klotho regulation and the activity of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) to uncover its therapeutic potential as a way to increase the FGF21 signaling.
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Xu Y, Melo-Cardenas J, Zhang Y, Gau I, Wei J, Montauti E, Zhang Y, Gao B, Jin H, Sun Z, Lee SM, Fang D. The E3 ligase Hrd1 stabilizes Tregs by antagonizing inflammatory cytokine-induced ER stress response. JCI Insight 2019; 4:121887. [PMID: 30843874 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treg differentiation, maintenance, and function are controlled by the transcription factor FoxP3, which can be destabilized under inflammatory or other pathological conditions. Tregs can be destabilized under inflammatory or other pathological conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Herein, we show that inflammatory cytokines induce ER stress response, which destabilizes Tregs by suppressing FoxP3 expression, suggesting a critical role of the ER stress response in maintaining Treg stability. Indeed, genetic deletion of Hrd1, an E3 ligase critical in suppressing the ER stress response, leads to elevated expression of ER stress-responsive genes in Treg and largely diminishes Treg suppressive functions under inflammatory condition. Mice with Treg-specific ablation of Hrd1 displayed massive multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration, body weight loss, and the development of severe small intestine inflammation with aging. At the molecular level, the deletion of Hrd1 led to the activation of both the ER stress sensor IRE1α and its downstream MAPK p38. Pharmacological suppression of IRE1α kinase, but not its endoribonuclease activity, diminished the elevated p38 activation and fully rescued the stability of Hrd1-null Tregs. Taken together, our studies reveal ER stress response as a previously unappreciated mechanism underlying Treg instability and that Hrd1 is crucial for maintaining Treg stability and functions through suppressing the IRE1α-mediated ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Johanna Melo-Cardenas
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Isabella Gau
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elena Montauti
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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VanHook AM. ERAD suppresses the starvation response. Sci Signal 2018. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein degradation suppresses the production of the fasting-associated hepatokine Fgf21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Sophie Dreher
- Institute for Genetics and CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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