1
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Molloy JW, Barry D. The interplay between glucose and ketone bodies in neural stem cell metabolism. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25342. [PMID: 38773878 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy source for neural stem cells (NSCs), supporting their proliferation, differentiation, and quiescence. However, the high demand for glucose during brain development often exceeds its supply, leading to the utilization of alternative energy sources including ketone bodies. Ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyrate, are short-chain fatty acids produced through hepatic ketogenesis and play a crucial role in providing energy and the biosynthetic components for NSCs when required. The interplay between glucose and ketone metabolism influences NSC behavior and fate decisions, and disruptions in these metabolic pathways have been linked to neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, ketone bodies exert neuroprotective effects on NSCs and modulate cellular responses to oxidative stress, energy maintenance, deacetylation, and inflammation. As such, understanding the interdependence of glucose and ketone metabolism in NSCs is crucial to understanding their roles in NSC function and their implications for neurological conditions. This article reviews the mechanisms of glucose and ketone utilization in NSCs, their impact on NSC function, and the therapeutic potential of targeting these metabolic pathways in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Molloy
- Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis Barry
- Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Lin S, Feng D, Han X, Li L, Lin Y, Gao H. Microfluidic platform for omics analysis on single cells with diverse morphology and size: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1294:342217. [PMID: 38336406 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfluidic techniques have emerged as powerful tools in single-cell research, facilitating the exploration of omics information from individual cells. Cell morphology is crucial for gene expression and physiological processes. However, there is currently a lack of integrated analysis of morphology and single-cell omics information. A critical challenge remains: what platform technologies are the best option to decode omics data of cells that are complex in morphology and size? RESULTS This review highlights achievements in microfluidic-based single-cell omics and isolation of cells based on morphology, along with other cell sorting methods based on physical characteristics. Various microfluidic platforms for single-cell isolation are systematically presented, showcasing their diversity and adaptability. The discussion focuses on microfluidic devices tailored to the distinct single-cell isolation requirements in plants and animals, emphasizing the significance of considering cell morphology and cell size in optimizing single-cell omics strategies. Simultaneously, it explores the application of microfluidic single-cell sorting technologies to single-cell sequencing, aiming to effectively integrate information about cell shape and size. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The novelty lies in presenting a comprehensive overview of recent accomplishments in microfluidic-based single-cell omics, emphasizing the integration of different microfluidic platforms and their implications for cell morphology-based isolation. By underscoring the pivotal role of the specialized morphology of different cells in single-cell research, this review provides robust support for delving deeper into the exploration of single-cell omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Lin
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China; Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Haibing Gao
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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3
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Podinić T, MacAndrew A, Raha S. Trophoblast Syncytialization: A Metabolic Crossroads. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:101-125. [PMID: 37996675 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During placentation, villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) stem cells proliferate and fuse, giving rise to the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB), which represents the terminally differentiated villous layer as well as the maternal-fetal interface. The syncytiotrophoblast is at the forefront of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange while also harboring essential endocrine functions to support pregnancy and fetal development. Considering that mitochondrial dynamics and respiration have been implicated in stem cell fate decisions of several cell types and that the placenta is a mitochondria-rich organ, we will highlight the role of mitochondria in facilitating trophoblast differentiation and maintaining trophoblast function. We discuss both the process of syncytialization and the distinct metabolic characteristics associated with CTB and STB sub-lineages prior to and during syncytialization. As mitochondrial respiration is tightly coupled to redox homeostasis, we emphasize the adaptations of mitochondrial respiration to the hypoxic placental environment. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of mitochondria in conferring the steroidogenic potential of the STB following differentiation. Ultimately, mitochondrial function and morphological changes centrally regulate respiration and influence trophoblast fate decisions through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose levels modulate the transcriptional activation or suppression of pluripotency or commitment genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Podinić
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andie MacAndrew
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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4
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Allemann MS, Lee P, Beer JH, Saeedi Saravi SS. Targeting the redox system for cardiovascular regeneration in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14020. [PMID: 37957823 PMCID: PMC10726899 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging presents a formidable challenge, as the aging process can lead to reduced cardiac function and heightened susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, there is an escalating, unmet medical need for innovative and effective cardiovascular regeneration strategies aimed at restoring and rejuvenating aging cardiovascular tissues. Altered redox homeostasis and the accumulation of oxidative damage play a pivotal role in detrimental changes to stem cell function and cellular senescence, hampering regenerative capacity in aged cardiovascular system. A mounting body of evidence underscores the significance of targeting redox machinery to restore stem cell self-renewal and enhance their differentiation potential into youthful cardiovascular lineages. Hence, the redox machinery holds promise as a target for optimizing cardiovascular regenerative therapies. In this context, we delve into the current understanding of redox homeostasis in regulating stem cell function and reprogramming processes that impact the regenerative potential of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we offer insights into the recent translational and clinical implications of redox-targeting compounds aimed at enhancing current regenerative therapies for aging cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Sarah Allemann
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Pratintip Lee
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
- Department of Internal MedicineCantonal Hospital BadenBadenSwitzerland
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichSchlierenSwitzerland
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5
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Cooke JP, Lai L. Transflammation in tissue regeneration and response to injury: How cell-autonomous inflammatory signaling mediates cell plasticity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115118. [PMID: 37884127 PMCID: PMC10842620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a first responder against injury and infection and is also critical for the regeneration and repair of tissue after injury. The role of professional immune cells in tissue healing is well characterized. Professional immune cells respond to pathogens with humoral and cytotoxic responses; remove cellular debris through efferocytosis; secrete angiogenic cytokines and growth factors to repair the microvasculature and parenchyma. However, non-immune cells are also capable of responding to damage or pathogens. Non-immune somatic cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The PRRs activation leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines required for tissue defense and repair. Notably, the activation of PRRs also triggers epigenetic changes that promote DNA accessibility and cellular plasticity. Thus, non-immune cells directly respond to the local inflammatory cues and can undergo phenotypic modifications or even cell lineage transitions to facilitate tissue regeneration. This review will focus on the novel role of cell-autonomous inflammatory signaling in mediating cell plasticity, a process which is termed transflammation. We will discuss the regulation of this process by changes in the functions and expression levels of epigenetic modifiers, as well as metabolic and ROS/RNS-mediated epigenetic modulation of DNA accessibility during cell fate transition. We will highlight the recent technological developments in detecting cell plasticity and potential therapeutic applications of transflammation in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
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Monteiro N, Fangueiro J, Reis R, Neves N. Replication of natural surface topographies to generate advanced cell culture substrates. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:337-347. [PMID: 37519922 PMCID: PMC10382971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface topographies of cell culture substrates can be used to generate in vitro cell culture environments similar to the in vivo cell niches. In vivo, the physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as its topography, provide physical cues that play an important role in modulating cell function. Mimicking these properties remains a challenge to provide in vitro realistic environments for cells. Artificially generated substrates' topographies were used extensively to explore this important surface cue. More recently, the replication of natural surface topographies has been enabling to exploration of characteristics such as hierarchy and size scales relevant for cells as advanced biomimetic substrates. These substrates offer more realistic and mimetic environments regarding the topographies found in vivo. This review will highlight the use of natural surface topographies as a template to generate substrates for in-vitro cell culture. This review starts with an analysis of the main cell functions that can be regulated by the substrate's surface topography through cell-substrate interactions. Then, we will discuss research works wherein substrates for cell biology decorated with natural surface topographies were used and investigated regarding their influence on cellular performance. At the end of this review, we will highlight the advantages and challenges of the use of natural surface topographies as a template for the generation of advanced substrates for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.O. Monteiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J.F. Fangueiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R.L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - N.M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Zuo Z, Roux ME, Chevalier JR, Dagdas YF, Yamashino T, Højgaard SD, Knight E, Østergaard L, Rodriguez E, Petersen M. The mRNA decapping machinery targets LBD3/ASL9 to mediate apical hook and lateral root development. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302090. [PMID: 37385753 PMCID: PMC10310928 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms perceive and transduce multiple cues to optimize development. Key transcription factors drive developmental changes, but RNA processing also contributes to tissue development. Here, we report that multiple decapping deficient mutants share developmental defects in apical hook, primary and lateral root growth. More specifically, LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 3 (LBD3)/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2-LIKE 9 (ASL9) transcripts accumulate in decapping deficient plants and can be found in complexes with decapping components. Accumulation of ASL9 inhibits apical hook and lateral root formation. Interestingly, exogenous auxin application restores lateral roots formation in both ASL9 over-expressors and mRNA decay-deficient mutants. Likewise, mutations in the cytokinin transcription factors type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (B-ARRs) ARR10 and ARR12 restore the developmental defects caused by over-accumulation of capped ASL9 transcript upon ASL9 overexpression. Most importantly, loss-of-function of asl9 partially restores apical hook and lateral root formation in both dcp5-1 and pat triple decapping deficient mutants. Thus, the mRNA decay machinery directly targets ASL9 transcripts for decay, possibly to interfere with cytokinin/auxin responses, during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangli Zuo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Milena E Roux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R Chevalier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasin F Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takafumi Yamashino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Søren D Højgaard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Knight
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Eleazar Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Huang L, Wang Q, Gu S, Cao N. Integrated metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms in cardiomyocyte proliferation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 181:79-88. [PMID: 37331466 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily attributed to the restricted regenerative potential of the adult human heart following injury. In contrast to their adult counterparts, many neonatal mammals can spontaneously regenerate their myocardium in the first few days of life via extensive proliferation of the pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Reasons for the decline in regenerative capacity during postnatal development, and how to control it, remain largely unexplored. Accumulated evidence suggests that the preservation of regenerative potential depends on a conducive metabolic state in the embryonic and neonatal heart. Along with the postnatal increase in oxygenation and workload, the mammalian heart undergoes a metabolic transition, shifting its primary metabolic substrate from glucose to fatty acids shortly after birth for energy advantage. This metabolic switch causes cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest, which is widely regarded as a key mechanism for the loss of regenerative capacity. Beyond energy provision, emerging studies have suggested a link between this intracellular metabolism dynamics and postnatal epigenetic remodeling of the mammalian heart that reshapes the expression of many genes important for cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration, since many epigenetic enzymes utilize kinds of metabolites as obligate cofactors or substrates. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of metabolism and metabolite-mediated epigenetic modifications in cardiomyocyte proliferation, with a particular focus on highlighting the potential therapeutic targets that hold promise to treat human heart failure via metabolic and epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China.
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9
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Fan M, Shi Y, Zhao J, Li L. Cancer stem cell fate determination: mito-nuclear communication. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:159. [PMID: 37370081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, clarification of the mechanisms involved in CSC stemness maintenance and cell fate determination would provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. Unregulated cellular energetics has been accepted as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, but recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial metabolism can also actively determine CSC fate by affecting nuclear stemness gene expression. Herein, from the perspective of mito-nuclear communication, we review recent progress on the influence of mitochondria on CSC potential from four aspects: metabolism, dynamics, mitochondrial homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yanan, 716000, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yanan, 716000, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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10
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Chen M, Wang R. Computational analysis of synergism in small networks with different logic. J Biol Phys 2023; 49:1-27. [PMID: 36580168 PMCID: PMC9958226 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-022-09620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate decision processes are regulated by networks which contain different molecules and interactions. Different network topologies may exhibit synergistic or antagonistic effects on cellular functions. Here, we analyze six most common small networks with regulatory logic AND or OR, trying to clarify the relationship between network topologies and synergism (or antagonism) related to cell fate decisions. We systematically examine the contribution of both network topologies and regulatory logic to the cell fate synergism by bifurcation and combinatorial perturbation analysis. Initially, under a single set of parameters, the synergism of three types of networks with AND and OR logic is compared. Furthermore, to consider whether these results depend on the choices of parameter values, statistics on the synergism of five hundred parameter sets is performed. It is shown that the results are not sensitive to parameter variations, indicating that the synergy or antagonism mainly depends on the network topologies rather than the choices of parameter values. The results indicate that the topology with "Dual Inhibition" shows good synergism, while the topology with "Dual Promotion" or "Hybrid" shows antagonism. The results presented here may help us to design synergistic networks based on network structure and regulation combinations, which has promising implications for cell fate decisions and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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11
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A Wrong Fate Decision in Adipose Stem Cells upon Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040662. [PMID: 36831329 PMCID: PMC9954614 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress has been made in identifying stem cell aging as a pathological manifestation of a variety of diseases, including obesity. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) play a core role in adipocyte turnover, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Given aberrant lineage determination as a feature of stem cell aging, failure in adipogenesis is a culprit of adipose hypertrophy, resulting in adiposopathy and related complications. In this review, we elucidate how ASC fails in entering adipogenic lineage, with a specific focus on extracellular signaling pathways, epigenetic drift, metabolic reprogramming, and mechanical stretch. Nonetheless, such detrimental alternations can be reversed by guiding ASCs towards adipogenesis. Considering the pathological role of ASC aging in obesity, targeting adipogenesis as an anti-obesity treatment will be a key area of future research, and a strategy to rejuvenate tissue stem cell will be capable of alleviating metabolic syndrome.
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12
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Pavan RR, Diniz F, El-Dahr S, Tortelote GG. Gene length is a pivotal feature to explain disparities in transcript capture between single transcriptome techniques. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1144266. [PMID: 37122996 PMCID: PMC10132733 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1144266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale and capability of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing technologies are rapidly growing, enabling key discoveries and large-scale cell mapping operations. However, studies directly comparing technical differences between single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing are still lacking. Here, we compared three paired single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomes from three different organs (Heart, Lung and Kidney). Differently from previous studies that focused on cell classification, we explored disparities in the transcriptome output of whole cells relative to the nucleus. We found that the major cell clusters could be recovered by either technique from matched samples, but at different proportions. In 2/3 datasets (kidney and lung) we detected clusters exclusively present with single-nucleus RNA sequencing. In all three organ groups, we found that genomic and gene structural characteristics such as gene length and exon content significantly differed between the two techniques. Genes recovered with the single-nucleus RNA sequencing technique had longer sequence lengths and larger exon counts, whereas single-cell RNA sequencing captured short genes at higher rates. Furthermore, we found that when compared to the whole host genome (mouse for kidney and lung datasets and human for the heart dataset), single transcriptomes obtained with either technique skewed from the expected proportions in several points: a) coding sequence length, b) transcript length and c) genomic span; and d) distribution of genes based on exons counts. Interestingly, the top-100 DEG between the two techniques returned distinctive GO terms. Hence, the type of single transcriptome technique used affected the outcome of downstream analysis. In summary, our data revealed both techniques present disparities in RNA capture. Moreover, the biased RNA capture affected the calculations of basic cellular parameters, raising pivotal points about the limitations and advantages of either single transcriptome techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R. Pavan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, TAS, Australia
| | - Fabiola Diniz
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samir El-Dahr
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Giovane G. Tortelote
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Giovane G. Tortelote,
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Petty HR. Using Machine Vision of Glycolytic Elements to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrences: Design and Implementation. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010041. [PMID: 36676966 PMCID: PMC9866082 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of biomedical research has been the early and quantitative identification of patients who will subsequently experience a cancer recurrence. In this review, I discuss the ability of glycolytic enzyme and transporter patterns within tissues to detect sub-populations of cells within ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions that specifically precede cancer recurrences. The test uses conventional formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples. The accuracy of this machine vision test rests on the identification of relevant glycolytic components that promote enhanced glycolysis (phospho-Ser226-glucose transporter type 1 (phospho-Ser226-GLUT1) and phosphofructokinase type L (PFKL)), their trafficking in tumor cells and tissues as judged by computer vision, and their high signal-to-noise levels. For each patient, machine vision stratifies micrographs from each lesion as the probability that the lesion originated from a recurrent sample. This stratification method removes overlap between the predicted recurrent and non-recurrent patients, which eliminates distribution-dependent false positives and false negatives. The method identifies computationally negative samples as non-recurrent and computationally positive samples are recurrent; computationally positive non-recurrent samples are likely due to mastectomies. The early phosphorylation and isoform switching events, spatial locations and clustering constitute important steps in metabolic reprogramming. This work also illuminates mechanistic steps occurring prior to a recurrence, which may contribute to the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard R Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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14
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Zhang XN, Tao HP, Li S, Wang YJ, Wu SX, Pan B, Yang QE. Ldha-Dependent Metabolic Programs in Sertoli Cells Regulate Spermiogenesis in Mouse Testis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1791. [PMID: 36552300 PMCID: PMC9775226 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play indispensable roles in spermatogenesis by providing the advanced germ cells with structural, nutritional, and regulatory support. Lactate is regarded as an essential Sertoli-cell-derived energy metabolite that nurses various types of spermatogenic cells; however, this assumption has not been tested using genetic approaches. Here, we have reported that the depletion of lactate production in Sertoli cells by conditionally deleting lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha) greatly affected spermatogenesis. Ldha deletion in Sertoli cells significantly reduced the lactate production and resulted in severe defects in spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia and spermatocytes did not show even mild impairments, but the spermiogenesis of Ldha conditional knockout males was severely disrupted. Further analysis revealed that 2456 metabolites were altered in the sperm of the knockout animals, and specifically, lipid metabolism was dysregulated, including choline, oleic acid, and myristic acid. Surprisingly, choline supplementation completely rescued the spermiogenesis disorder that was caused by the loss of Ldha activities. Collectively, these data have demonstrated that the interruption of Sertoli-cell-derived lactate impacted sperm development through a choline-mediated mechanism. The outcomes of these findings have revealed a novel function of lactate in spermatogenesis and have therapeutic applications in treating human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai-Ping Tao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-En Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
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15
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Kudaibergen G, Zhunussova M, Mun EA, Ramankulov Y, Ogay V. Macroporous Cell-Laden Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid/Chondroitin Sulfate Cryogels for Engineered Tissue Constructs. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090590. [PMID: 36135302 PMCID: PMC9498617 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogels are a unique macroporous material for tissue engineering. In this work, we study the effect of hyaluronic acid on the physicochemical properties of cryogel as well as on the proliferation of a 3D model of mesenchymal stem cells. The functional groups of the synthesized cryogels were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With an increase in the content of hyaluronic acid in the composition of the cryogel, an increase in porosity, gel content and swelling behavior was observed. As the hyaluronic acid content increased, the average pore size increased and more open pores were formed. Degradation studies have shown that all cryogels were resistant to PBS solution for 8 weeks. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated no toxic effect on viability of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) cultured on cryogels. ADMSC spheroids were proliferated on scaffolds and showed the ability of the cryogels to orient cell differentiation into chondrogenic lineage even in the absence of inductive agents. Thus, our results demonstrate an effective resemblance to extracellular matrix structures specific to cartilage-like microenvironments by cryogels and their further perspective application as potential biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshakhar Kudaibergen
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Madina Zhunussova
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ellina A. Mun
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Ramankulov
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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16
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Brandão AS, Borbinha J, Pereira T, Brito PH, Lourenço R, Bensimon-Brito A, Jacinto A. A regeneration-triggered metabolic adaptation is necessary for cell identity transitions and cell cycle re-entry to support blastema formation and bone regeneration. eLife 2022; 11:e76987. [PMID: 35993337 PMCID: PMC9395193 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration depends on the ability of mature cells at the injury site to respond to injury, generating tissue-specific progenitors that incorporate the blastema and proliferate to reconstitute the original organ architecture. The metabolic microenvironment has been tightly connected to cell function and identity during development and tumorigenesis. Yet, the link between metabolism and cell identity at the mechanistic level in a regenerative context remains unclear. The adult zebrafish caudal fin, and bone cells specifically, have been crucial for the understanding of mature cell contribution to tissue regeneration. Here, we use this model to explore the relevance of glucose metabolism for the cell fate transitions preceding new osteoblast formation and blastema assembly. We show that injury triggers a modulation in the metabolic profile at early stages of regeneration to enhance glycolysis at the expense of mitochondrial oxidation. This metabolic adaptation mediates transcriptional changes that make mature osteoblast amenable to be reprogramed into pre-osteoblasts and induces cell cycle re-entry and progression. Manipulation of the metabolic profile led to severe reduction of the pre-osteoblast pool, diminishing their capacity to generate new osteoblasts, and to a complete abrogation of blastema formation. Overall, our data indicate that metabolic alterations have a powerful instructive role in regulating genetic programs that dictate fate decisions and stimulate proliferation, thereby providing a deeper understanding on the mechanisms regulating blastema formation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Brandão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Jorge Borbinha
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Patrícia H Brito
- UCIBIO, Dept. Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Raquel Lourenço
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | | | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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17
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Molecular Pathways in Clonal Hematopoiesis: From the Acquisition of Somatic Mutations to Transformation into Hematologic Neoplasm. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081135. [PMID: 36013314 PMCID: PMC9410004 DOI: 10.3390/life12081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell aging, through the acquisition of somatic mutations, gives rise to clonal hematopoiesis (CH). While a high prevalence of CH has been described in otherwise healthy older adults, CH confers an increased risk of both hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. Classification of CH into clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) further describes this neoplastic myeloid precursor state and stratifies individuals at risk of developing clinically significant complications. The sequential acquisition of driver mutations, such as DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, provide a selective advantage and lead to clonal expansion. Inflammation, microbiome signatures, and external selective pressures also contribute to clonal evolution. Despite significant progress in recent years, the precise molecular mechanisms driving CH transformation to hematologic neoplasms are not well defined. Further understanding of these complex mechanisms may improve risk stratification and introduce therapeutic interventions in CH. Here we discuss the genetic drivers underpinning CH, mechanisms for clonal evolution, and transformation to hematologic neoplasm.
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18
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Aloisio FM, Barber DL. Arp2/3 complex activity is necessary for mouse ESC differentiation, times formative pluripotency, and enables lineage specification. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1318-1333. [PMID: 35658973 PMCID: PMC9214060 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), a model for differentiation into primed epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), have revealed transcriptional and epigenetic control of early embryonic development. The control and significance of morphological changes, however, remain less defined. We show marked changes in morphology and actin architectures during differentiation that depend on Arp2/3 complex but not formin activity. Inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity pharmacologically or genetically does not block exit from naive pluripotency, but attenuates increases in EpiLC markers. We find that inhibiting Arp2/3 complex activity delays formative pluripotency and causes globally defective lineage specification as indicated by RNA sequencing, with significant effects on TBX3-depedendent transcriptional programs. We also identify two previously unreported indicators of mESC differentiation, namely, MRTF and FHL2, which have inverse Arp2/3 complex-dependent nuclear translocation. Our findings on Arp2/3 complex activity in differentiation and the established role of formins in EMT indicate that these two actin nucleators regulate distinct modes of epithelial plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Aloisio
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, Box 0512, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, Box 0512, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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19
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Sainz de la Maza D, Hof-Michel S, Phillimore L, Bökel C, Amoyel M. Cell-cycle exit and stem cell differentiation are coupled through regulation of mitochondrial activity in the Drosophila testis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110774. [PMID: 35545055 PMCID: PMC9350557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas stem and progenitor cells proliferate to maintain tissue homeostasis, fully differentiated cells exit the cell cycle. How cell identity and cell-cycle state are coordinated during differentiation is still poorly understood. The Drosophila testis niche supports germline stem cells and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). CySCs give rise to post-mitotic cyst cells, providing a tractable model to study the links between stem cell identity and proliferation. We show that, while cell-cycle progression is required for CySC self-renewal, the E2f1/Dp transcription factor is dispensable for self-renewal but instead must be silenced by the Drosophila retinoblastoma homolog, Rbf, to permit differentiation. Continued E2f1/Dp activity inhibits the expression of genes important for mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis rescues the differentiation of CySCs with ectopic E2f1/Dp activity but not their cell-cycle exit. In sum, E2f1/Dp coordinates cell-cycle progression with stem cell identity by regulating the metabolic state of CySCs. CycE is critical for CySC self-renewal E2f/Dp does not act in self-renewal but must be silenced for differentiation E2f/Dp inhibits increases in oxidative metabolism involved in normal differentiation Increased mitochondrial biogenesis rescues differentiation of E2f/Dp-active cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sainz de la Maza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Silvana Hof-Michel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lee Phillimore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christian Bökel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Amoyel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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20
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Abstract
Artificially induced in vitro cell fusion is one essential technique that has been extensively used for biological studies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of robust and efficient method to produce fused cells efficiently. Herein, we proposed to use cell-membrane-anchored polyvalent DNA ligands (PDL) to bring cells into close proximity by forming clusters to enhance PEG-induced cell fusion. PDL of complementary sequences are separately anchored onto different population of cells through cholesterol-induced hydrophobic insertion into lipid membrane. Cells are clustered via mixing cells of complementary PDL prior to cell fusion. PDL exhibited strong stability on cell membrane, induced efficient cell clustering, and eventually achieved cell fusion efficiently in combination with PEG induction. We demonstrated homogeneous and heterogeneous cell fusion of high yield on various cell types. This report presented a programmable yet robust technique for achieving efficient cell fusion that hold great application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Donglei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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21
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Greaney AM, Raredon MSB, Kochugaeva MP, Niklason LE, Levchenko A. SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.01.29.478335. [PMID: 35132420 PMCID: PMC8820667 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.29.478335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite much concerted effort to better understand SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, relatively little is known about the dynamics of early viral entry and infection in the airway. Here we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in a humanized in vitro model, to elucidate key mechanisms by which the virus triggers a cell-systems-level response in the bronchial epithelium. We find that SARS-CoV-2 virus preferentially enters the tissue via ciliated cell precursors, giving rise to a population of infected mature ciliated cells, which signal to basal cells, inducing further rapid differentiation. This feed-forward loop of infection is mitigated by further cell-cell communication, before interferon signaling begins at three days post-infection. These findings suggest hijacking by the virus of potentially beneficial tissue repair mechanisms, possibly exacerbating the outcome. This work both elucidates the interplay between barrier tissues and viral infections, and may suggest alternative therapeutic approaches targeting non-immune response mechanisms.
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22
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Relationship of matrix stiffness and cell morphology in regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2677-2685. [PMID: 35023006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Matrix stiffness has been found to regulate cell morphology, while both cell morphology and matrix stiffness are verified as important factors directing BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) differentiation. This study aimed to investigate whether matrix stiffness depended on cell morphology to regulate osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs on 2D substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we seeded BMSCs on tissue culture plates (TCPs) with different fibronectin (FN) concentrations and cytoskeleton inhibitor cytochalasin D, and FN was found to promote cell spreading and osteogenesis while inhibiting adipogenesis of BMSCs through F-actin reorganization. Based on these, we modulated BMSCs morphology on 0.5 kPa and 32 kPa CytoSoft® substrates through FN. High concentration of FN (300 μg/ml) coated on 0.5 kPa substrates promoted cell spreading to similar levels with 32 kPa substrates coated with 100 μg/ml of FN, and cells in both groups dominantly commit osteogenesis. On the other hand, low FN concentration (30 μg/ml) on 32 kPa substrates induced restricted cell morphology similar with 0.5 kPa substrates coated with 100 μg/ml of FN, and cells in both groups mainly commit adipogenesis. Immunofluorescence indicated nuclear translocation and higher intensity of YAP/TAZ when cells spread to larger areas, regardless of matrix stiffness. However, when cell spreading areas were fixed as similar levels, matrix stiffness didn't significantly affect YAP/TAZ intensity or location. CONCLUSIONS Matrix stiffness failed to regulate BMSCs differentiation and YAP/TAZ activity without corresponding cell morphology. Cell spreading area could mediate effects of matrix stiffness on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs.
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23
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Li L, Chen K, Wu Y, Xiang G, Liu X. Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome signaling cascade in cell biological processes. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:279-286. [PMID: 34648996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination as a fundamental question in cell biology has been extensively studied at different regulatory levels for many years. However, the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell fate determination remain unclear. Recently we have proposed an Epigenome-Metabolome-Epigenome (E-M-E) signaling cascade model to describe the crossover cooperation during mouse somatic cell reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the broad roles of E-M-E signaling cascade in different cell biological processes including cell differentiation and dedifferentiation, cell specialization, cell proliferation and cell pathological processes. Precise E-M-E signaling cascades are critical in these cell biological processes, and it is of worth to explore each step of E-M-E signaling cascade. E-M-E signaling cascade model sheds light on and may open a window to explore the mechanisms of multi-level regulation of cell biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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24
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Ozdil B, Calik-Kocaturk D, Altunayar-Unsalan C, Acikgoz E, Gorgulu V, Uysal A, Unsalan O, Aktug H. Spectroscopic and microscopic comparisons of cell topology and chemistry analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell, somatic cell and cancer cell. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151763. [PMID: 34333240 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While embryonic stem cells and cancer cells are known to have many similarities in signalling pathways, healthy somatic cells are known to be different in many ways. Characterization of embryonic stem cell is crucial for cancer development and cancer recurrence due to the shared signalling pathways and life course with cancer initiator and cancer stem cells. Since embryonic stem cells are the sources of the somatic and cancer cells, it is necessary to reveal the relevance between them. The past decade has seen the importance of interdisciplinary studies and it is obvious that the reflection of the physical/chemical phenomena occurring on the cell biology has attracted much more attention. For this reason, the aim of this study is to elementally and topologically characterize the mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse lung squamous cancer cells, and mouse skin fibroblast cells by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) supported with Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques in a complementary way. Our AFM findings revealed that roughness data of the mouse embryonic stem cells and cancer cells were similar and somatic cells were found to be statistically different from these two cell types. However, based on both XPS and SEM-EDS results, surface elemental ratios vary in mouse embryonic stem cells, cancer cells and somatic cells. Our results showed that these complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques used in this work are very effective in cancer and stem cell characterization and have the potential to gather more detailed information on relevant biological samples.
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25
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Yu D, Wang J, Qian KJ, Yu J, Zhu HY. Effects of nanofibers on mesenchymal stem cells: environmental factors affecting cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation and their mechanisms. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:871-884. [PMID: 33150771 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers can mimic natural tissue structure by creating a more suitable environment for cells to grow, prompting a wide application of nanofiber materials. In this review, we include relevant studies and characterize the effect of nanofibers on mesenchymal stem cells, as well as factors that affect cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that the process of bone regeneration in vitro is similar to bone formation and healing in vivo, and the closer nanofibers or nanofibrous scaffolds are to natural bone tissue, the better the bone regeneration process will be. In general, cells cultured on nanofibers have a similar gene expression pattern and osteogenic behavior as cells induced by osteogenic supplements in vitro. Genes involved in cell adhesion (focal adhesion kinase (FAK)), cytoskeletal organization, and osteogenic pathways (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Wnt) are upregulated successively. Cell adhesion and osteogenesis may be influenced by several factors. Nanofibers possess certain physical properties including favorable hydrophilicity, porosity, and swelling properties that promote cell adhesion and growth. Moreover, nanofiber stiffness plays a vital role in cell fate, as cell recruitment for osteogenesis tends to be better on stiffer scaffolds, with associated signaling pathways of integrin and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Also, hierarchically aligned nanofibers, as well as their combination with functional additives (growth factors, HA particles, etc.), contribute to osteogenesis and bone regeneration. In summary, previous studies have indicated that upon sensing the stiffness of the nanofibrous environment as well as its other characteristics, stem cells change their shape and tension accordingly, regulating downstream pathways followed by adhesion to nanofibers to contribute to osteogenesis. However, additional experiments are needed to identify major signaling pathways in the bone regeneration process, and also to fully investigate its supportive role in fabricating or designing the optimum tissue-mimicking nanofibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke-Jia Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hui-Yong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Zhang L, Zhao Q, Jiang Z, Shen J, Wu W, Liu X, Fan Q, Huang W. Recent Progress of SERS Nanoprobe for pH Detecting and Its Application in Biological Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:282. [PMID: 34436084 PMCID: PMC8392648 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As pH value almost affects the function of cells and organisms in all aspects, in biology, biochemical and many other research fields, it is necessary to apply simple, intuitive, sensitive, stable detection of pH and base characteristics inside and outside the cell. Therefore, many research groups have explored the design and application of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this review article, we discussed the basic theoretical background of explaining the working mechanism of pH SERS sensors, and also briefly described the significance of cell pH measurement, and simply classified and summarized the factors that affected the performance of pH SERS probes. Some applications of pH probes based on surface enhanced Raman scattering in intracellular and extracellular pH imaging and the combination of other analytical detection techniques are described. Finally, the development prospect of this field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Zhitao Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Science & Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xingfen Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Quli Fan
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.J.); (J.S.); (X.L.); (Q.F.); (W.H.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
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27
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Cheung RA, Kraft AM, Petty HR. Relocation of phosphofructokinases within epithelial cells is a novel event preceding breast cancer recurrence that accurately predicts patient outcomes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C654-C670. [PMID: 34348486 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although recurrent cancers are often aggressive, little is known about the intracellular events required for cancer recurrences. Due to this lack of mechanistic information, there is no test to predict cancer recurrences or non-recurrences during early stages of disease. In this retrospective study, we use ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast as a framework to better understand the mechanism of cancer recurrences using patient outcomes as the physiological observable. Conventional pathology slides were labeled with anti-phosphofructokinase type L (PFKL) and anti-phosphofructokinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase type 4 (PFKFB4) reagents. PFKL and PFKFB4 were found in ductal epithelial cell nucleoli from DCIS samples of women who did not experience a cancer recurrence. In contrast, PFKL and PFKFB4 may be found near the plasma membrane in samples from patients who will develop recurrent cancer. Using machine learning to predict patient outcomes, holdout studies of individual patient micrographs for the three biomarkers PFKL, PFKFB4, and phosphorylated GLUT1 demonstrated 38.6% true negatives, 49.5% true positives, 11.9% false positives and 0% false negatives (N=101). A sub-population of recurrent samples demonstrated PFKL, PFKFB4, and phosphorylated glucose transporter 1 accumulation at the apical surface of epithelial cells, suggesting that carbohydrates can be harvested from the ducts' luminal spaces as an energy source. We suggest that PFK isotype patterns are metabolic switches representing key mechanistic steps of recurrences. Furthermore, PFK enzyme patterns within epithelial cells contribute to an accurate diagnostic test to classify DCIS patients as high or low recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Cheung
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra M Kraft
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Howard R Petty
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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28
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YAP1 nuclear efflux and transcriptional reprograming follow membrane diminution upon VSV-G-induced cell fusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4502. [PMID: 34301937 PMCID: PMC8302681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in many tissues, such as bone, muscle, and placenta, fuse into syncytia to acquire new functions and transcriptional programs. While it is known that fused cells are specialized, it is unclear whether cell-fusion itself contributes to programmatic-changes that generate the new cellular state. Here, we address this by employing a fusogen-mediated, cell-fusion system to create syncytia from undifferentiated cells. RNA-Seq analysis reveals VSV-G-induced cell fusion precedes transcriptional changes. To gain mechanistic insights, we measure the plasma membrane surface area after cell-fusion and observe it diminishes through increases in endocytosis. Consequently, glucose transporters internalize, and cytoplasmic glucose and ATP transiently decrease. This reduced energetic state activates AMPK, which inhibits YAP1, causing transcriptional-reprogramming and cell-cycle arrest. Impairing either endocytosis or AMPK activity prevents YAP1 inhibition and cell-cycle arrest after fusion. Together, these data demonstrate plasma membrane diminishment upon cell-fusion causes transient nutrient stress that may promote transcriptional-reprogramming independent from extrinsic cues.
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29
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Jiang K, Pichol-Thievend C, Neufeld Z, Francois M. Assessment of heterogeneity in collective endothelial cell behavior with multicolor clonal cell tracking to predict arteriovenous remodeling. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109395. [PMID: 34289351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins form in a stepwise process that combines vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis. Despite extensive data on the mechanisms governing blood vessel assembly at the single-cell level, little is known about how collective cell migration contributes to the organization of the balanced distribution between arteries and veins. Here, we use an endothelial-specific zebrafish reporter, arteriobow, to label small cohorts of arterial cells and trace their progeny from early vasculogenesis throughout arteriovenous remodeling. We reveal that the genesis of arteries and veins relies on the coordination of 10 types of collective cell dynamics. Within these behavioral categories, we identify a heterogeneity of collective cell motion specific to either arterial or venous remodeling. Using pharmacological blockade, we further show that cell-intrinsic Notch signaling and cell-extrinsic blood flow act as regulators in maintaining the heterogeneity of collective endothelial cell behavior, which, in turn, instructs the future territory of arteriovenous remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Jiang
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, Gene Regulation and Editing, the Centenary Institute, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Cathy Pichol-Thievend
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia; Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris Saclay University, PSL Research University, Inserm U1021, CNRS, UMR3347 Orsay, France
| | - Zoltan Neufeld
- School of Mathematics and Physics, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The David Richmond Laboratory for Cardiovascular Development, Gene Regulation and Editing, the Centenary Institute, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
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30
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Petrone MV, Toro A, Vazquez Echegaray C, Francia MG, Solari C, Cosentino MS, Vazquez E, Guberman A. The pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 represses heme oxygenase-1 gene expression. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1949-1961. [PMID: 34056710 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In embryonic stem (ES) cells, oxidative stress control is crucial for genomic stability, self-renewal, and cell differentiation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key player of the antioxidant system and is also involved in stem cell differentiation and pluripotency acquisition. We found that the HO-1 gene is expressed in ES cells and induced after promoting differentiation. Moreover, downregulation of the pluripotency transcription factor (TF) OCT4 increased HO-1 mRNA levels in ES cells, and analysis of ChIP-seq public data revealed that this TF binds to the HO-1 gene locus in pluripotent cells. Finally, ectopic expression of OCT4 in heterologous systems repressed a reporter carrying the HO-1 gene promoter and the endogenous gene. Hence, this work highlights the connection between pluripotency and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Petrone
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Toro
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Solari
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Soledad Cosentino
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elba Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Jaworska A, Malek K, Kudelski A. Intracellular pH - Advantages and pitfalls of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence microscopy - A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119410. [PMID: 33465573 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The value of pH in various parts of protoplasm can affect nearly all aspects of cell functions. Therefore, the determination of intracellular acid-base features is required in many areas of biological and biochemical studies. Because of a significant scientific importance of in vivo intracellular pH measurements, various groups carried out such experiments. In this review article we describe intracellular pH measurements using two the most sensitive optical spectroscopies: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence. It is reasonable to present these two techniques in one review article because the experimental approach in Raman and fluorescence experiments is relatively similar. The basic theoretical background explaining the mechanism of operation of fluorescence and SERS sensors are discussed and the motivations to carry out intracellular pH measurements are briefly described. Future perspectives in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jaworska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kudelski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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BAILEY LORAD, KOMAROVA NATALIAL. CELLULAR FEEDBACK NETWORKS AND THEIR RESILIENCE AGAINST MUTATIONS. J BIOL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339021400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many tissues undergo a steady turnover, where cell divisions are on average balanced with cell deaths. Cell fate decisions such as stem cell (SC) differentiations, proliferations, or differentiated cell (DC) deaths, may be controlled by cell populations through cell-to-cell signaling. Here, we examine a class of mathematical models of turnover in SC lineages to understand engineering design principles of control (feedback) loops, that may operate in such systems. By using ordinary differential equations that describe the co-dynamics of SCs and DCs, we study the effect of different types of mutations that interfere with feedback present within cellular networks. For instance, we find that mutants that do not participate in feedback are less dangerous in the sense that they will not rise from low numbers, whereas mutants that do not respond to feedback signals could rise and replace the wild-type population. Additionally, we asked if different feedback networks can have different degrees of resilience against such mutations. We found that all minimal networks, that is networks consisting of exactly one feedback loop that is sufficient for homeostatic stability of the wild-type population, are equally vulnerable. Mutants with a weakened/eliminated feedback parameter might expand from lower numbers and either enter unlimited growth or reach an equilibrium with an increased number of SCs and DCs. Therefore, from an evolutionary viewpoint, it appears advantageous to combine feedback loops, creating redundant feedback networks. Interestingly, from an engineering prospective, not all such redundant systems are equally resilient. For some of them, any mutation that weakens/eliminates one of the loops will lead to a population growth of SCs. For others, the population of SCs can actually shrink as a result of “cutting” one of the loops, thus slowing down further unwanted transformations.
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33
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Jung EJ, Paramanantham A, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Ryu CH, Hong SC, Chung KH, Kim CW, Lee WS. Artemisia annua L. Polyphenol-Induced Cell Death Is ROS-Independently Enhanced by Inhibition of JNK in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1366. [PMID: 33573023 PMCID: PMC7866371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by chemotherapeutic reagents including natural plant polyphenols, and cell fate is determined by activated phospho-JNK as survival or death depending on stimuli and cell types. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of JNK on the anticancer effects of the Korean plant Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) polyphenols in p53 wild-type HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell morphology, protein expression levels, apoptosis/necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), acidic vesicles, and granularity/DNA content were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy; Western blot; and flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide (PI)-, dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-, acridine orange (AO)-, and side scatter pulse height (SSC-H)/DNA content (PI)-stained cells. The results showed that pKAL induced morphological changes and necrosis or late apoptosis, which were associated with loss of plasma membrane/Golgi integrity, increased acidic vesicles and intracellular granularity, and decreased DNA content through downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/β-catenin/cyclophilin A/Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) and upregulation of phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser-139 (γ-H2AX)/p53/p21/Bak cleavage/phospho-JNK/p62/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-I. Moreover, JNK inhibition by SP600125 enhanced ROS-independently pKAL-induced cell death through downregulation of p62 and upregulation of p53/p21/Bak cleavage despite a reduced state of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX. These findings indicate that phospho-JNK activated by pKAL inhibits p53-dependent cell death signaling and enhances DNA damage signaling, but cell fate is determined by phospho-JNK as survival rather than death in p53 wild-type HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
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34
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Tarazona OA, Pourquié O. Exploring the Influence of Cell Metabolism on Cell Fate through Protein Post-translational Modifications. Dev Cell 2021; 54:282-292. [PMID: 32693060 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The connection between cell fate transitions and metabolic shifts is gaining momentum in the study of cell differentiation in embryonic development, adult stem cells, and cancer pathogenesis. Here, we explore how metabolic transitions influence post-translational modifications (PTMs), which play central roles in the activation of transcriptional programs. PTMs can control the function of transcription factors acting as master regulators of cell fate as well as activation or repression of cell identity genes by regulating chromatin state via histone tail modifications. It now becomes clear that cell metabolism is an integral part of the complex landscape of regulatory mechanisms underlying cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Tarazona
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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35
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Guillemin A, Stumpf MPH. Noise and the molecular processes underlying cell fate decision-making. Phys Biol 2021; 18:011002. [PMID: 33181489 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abc9d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate decision-making events involve the interplay of many molecular processes, ranging from signal transduction to genetic regulation, as well as a set of molecular and physiological feedback loops. Each aspect offers a rich field of investigation in its own right, but to understand the whole process, even in simple terms, we need to consider them together. Here we attempt to characterise this process by focussing on the roles of noise during cell fate decisions. We use a range of recent results to develop a view of the sequence of events by which a cell progresses from a pluripotent or multipotent to a differentiated state: chromatin organisation, transcription factor stoichiometry, and cellular signalling all change during this progression, and all shape cellular variability, which becomes maximal at the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Guillemin
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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36
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Kim N. pH variation impacts molecular pathways associated with somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:20-26. [PMID: 33488280 PMCID: PMC7812493 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The study of somatic cell reprogramming and cell differentiation is essential for the application of recent techniques in regenerative medicine. It is, specifically, necessary to determine the appropriate conditions required for the induction of reprogramming and cell differentiation. METHODS Based on a comprehensive literature review, the effects of pH fluctuation on alternative splicing, mitochondria, plasma membrane, and phase separation, in several cell types are discussed. Additionally, the associated molecular pathways important for the induction of differentiation and reprogramming are reviewed. RESULTS While cells change their state, several factors such as cytokines and physical parameters affect cellular reprogramming and differentiation. As the extracellular and intracellular pH affects biophysical phenomena in a cell, the effects of pH fluctuation can ultimately decide the cell fate through molecular pathways. Though few studies have reported on the direct effects of culture pH on cell state, there is substantial information on the pathways related to stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming that can be stimulated by environmental pH. CONCLUSION Environmental pH fluctuations may decide cell fate through the molecular pathways associated with somatic cell reprogramming and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Kim
- Nucleic Acid Chemistry and EngineeringOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOkinawaJapan
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37
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Gonzalez-Ibanez AM, Ruiz LM, Jensen E, Echeverria CA, Romero V, Stiles L, Shirihai OS, Elorza AA. Erythroid Differentiation and Heme Biosynthesis Are Dependent on a Shift in the Balance of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592035. [PMID: 33330472 PMCID: PMC7719720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is the most robust cellular differentiation and proliferation system, with a production of ∼2 × 1011 cells per day. In this fine-tuned process, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate erythroid progenitors, which proliferate and mature into erythrocytes. During erythropoiesis, mitochondria are reprogrammed to drive the differentiation process before finally being eliminated by mitophagy. In erythropoiesis, mitochondrial dynamics (MtDy) are expected to be a key regulatory point that has not been described previously. We described that a specific MtDy pattern occurs in human erythropoiesis from EPO-induced human CD34+ cells, characterized predominantly by mitochondrial fusion at early stages followed by fission at late stages. The fusion protein MFN1 and the fission protein FIS1 are shown to play a key role in the progression of erythropoiesis. Fragmentation of the mitochondrial web by the overexpression of FIS1 (gain of fission) resulted in both the inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthesis and the arrest of erythroid differentiation, keeping cells in immature differentiation stages. These cells showed specific mitochondrial features as compared with control cells, such as an increase in round and large mitochondrial morphology, low mitochondrial membrane potential, a drop in the expression of the respiratory complexes II and IV and increased ROS. Interestingly, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor, cyclosporin A, rescued mitochondrial morphology, hemoglobin biosynthesis and erythropoiesis. Studies presented in this work reveal MtDy as a hot spot in the control of erythroid differentiation, which might signal downstream for metabolic reprogramming through regulation of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro M Gonzalez-Ibanez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina M Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Jensen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valentina Romero
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alvaro A Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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Hahner F, Moll F, Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:262-268. [PMID: 31393561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells involves the modulation of highly interconnected metabolic and epigenetic processes. Therefore, the differentiation of endothelial cells is a tightly controlled process, which is adjusted at multiple levels, meaning that even the smallest variation can result in major consequences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of second messengers that can interfere with both metabolic and epigenetic processes. Besides their generation by mitochondria, ROS are produced in a controlled manner by the family of NADPH oxidases. The different members of the NADPH oxidase family produce superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. Due to the specific sub-cellular localization of the different NADPH oxidases, ROS are produced at diverse sites in the cell, such as the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum. Once produced, ROS interfere with proteins, lipids, and DNA to modulate intracellular signal cascades. Accordingly, ROS represent a group of readily available and specifically localized modulators of the highly sophisticated signalling network that eventually leads to the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. This review focuses on the role of NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Bonnay F, Veloso A, Steinmann V, Köcher T, Abdusselamoglu MD, Bajaj S, Rivelles E, Landskron L, Esterbauer H, Zinzen RP, Knoblich JA. Oxidative Metabolism Drives Immortalization of Neural Stem Cells during Tumorigenesis. Cell 2020; 182:1490-1507.e19. [PMID: 32916131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of many cancers, but how and when it contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming induced by mitochondrial fusion can be rate-limiting for immortalization of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and trigger their irreversible dedication to tumorigenesis. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we find that Drosophila brain tumors contain a rapidly dividing stem cell population defined by upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). We combine targeted metabolomics and in vivo genetic screening to demonstrate that OxPhos is required for tumor cell immortalization but dispensable in neural stem cells (NSCs) giving rise to tumors. Employing an in vivo NADH/NAD+ sensor, we show that NSCs precisely increase OxPhos during immortalization. Blocking OxPhos or mitochondrial fusion stalls TICs in quiescence and prevents tumorigenesis through impaired NAD+ regeneration. Our work establishes a unique connection between cellular metabolism and immortalization of tumor-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bonnay
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Veloso
- Systems Biology of Neurogenesis, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Steinmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sunanjay Bajaj
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rivelles
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Landskron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert P Zinzen
- Systems Biology of Neurogenesis, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiac Differentiation, Reprogramming, and Regenerative Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2102841. [PMID: 32908625 PMCID: PMC7475763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in mechanisms of heart development and regenerative therapies such as the use of pluripotent stem cells. The roles of ROS mediating cell fate are dependent on the intensity of stimuli, cellular context, and metabolic status. ROS mainly act through several targets (such as kinases and transcription factors) and have diverse roles in different stages of cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and maturation. Therefore, further detailed investigation and characterization of redox signaling will help the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ROS during different cellular processes and enable the design of targeted strategies to foster cardiac regeneration and functional recovery. In this review, we focus on the roles of ROS in cardiac differentiation as well as transdifferentiation (direct reprogramming). The potential mechanisms are discussed in regard to ROS generation pathways and regulation of downstream targets. Further methodological optimization is required for translational research in order to robustly enhance the generation efficiency of cardiac myocytes through metabolic modulations. Additionally, we highlight the deleterious effect of the host's ROS on graft (donor) cells in a paracrine manner during stem cell-based implantation. This knowledge is important for the development of antioxidant strategies to enhance cell survival and engraftment of tissue engineering-based technologies. Thus, proper timing and level of ROS generation after a myocardial injury need to be tailored to ensure the maximal efficacy of regenerative therapies and avoid undesired damage.
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41
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:531-546. [PMID: 32394844 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200512105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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42
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Cherix A, Brodier L, Poitry-Yamate C, Matter JM, Gruetter R. The Appearance of the Warburg Effect in the Developing Avian Eye Characterized In Ovo: How Neurogenesis Can Remodel Neuroenergetics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:3. [PMID: 32392312 PMCID: PMC7405834 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The avian eye is an established model for exploring mechanisms that coordinate morphogenesis and metabolism during embryonic development. Less is known, however, about trafficking of bioenergetic and metabolic signaling molecules that are involved in retinal neurogenesis. Methods Here we tested whether the known 3-day delayed neurogenesis occurring in the pigeon compared with the chick was associated with a deferred reshaping of eye metabolism in vivo. Developmental metabolic remodeling was explored using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the whole eye and vitreous body, in ovo, in parallel with biochemical and molecular analyses of retinal, vitreous, and lens extracts from bird embryos. Results Cross-species comparisons enabled us to show that a major glycolytic switch in the retina is related to neurogenesis rather than to eye growth. We further show that the temporal emergence of an interlocking regulatory cascade controlling retinal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis results in the exchange of lactate and citrate between the retina and vitreous. Conclusions Our results point to the vitreous as a reservoir and buffer of energy metabolites that provides trophic support to oxidative neurons, such as retinal ganglion cells, in early development. Through its control of key glycolytic regulatory enzymes, citrate, exchanged between extracellular and intracellular compartments between the retina and vitreous, is a key metabolite in the initiation of a glycolytic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cherix
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Brodier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Poitry-Yamate
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Matter
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Peng G, Cui G, Ke J, Jing N. Using Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomes to Understand Stem Cell Lineage Specification During Early Embryo Development. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2020; 21:163-181. [PMID: 32339035 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-120219-083220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development and stem cell differentiation provide a paradigm to understand the molecular regulation of coordinated cell fate determination and the architecture of tissue patterning. Emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics are opening new avenues to dissect cell organization, the divergence of morphological and molecular properties, and lineage allocation. Rapid advances in experimental and computational tools have enabled researchers to make many discoveries and revisit old hypotheses. In this review, we describe the use of single-cell RNA sequencing in studies of molecular trajectories and gene regulation networks for stem cell lineages, while highlighting the integratedexperimental and computational analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomes in the molecular annotation of tissue lineages and development during postimplantation gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; .,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincan Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China;
| | - Naihe Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; .,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
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44
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Rodrigues DC, Harvey EM, Suraj R, Erickson SL, Mohammad L, Ren M, Liu H, He G, Kaplan DR, Ellis J, Yang G. Methylglyoxal couples metabolic and translational control of Notch signalling in mammalian neural stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2018. [PMID: 32332750 PMCID: PMC7181744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation and metabolism are two fundamental processes that coordinate the self-renewal and differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the developing mammalian brain. However, little is known about how metabolic signals instruct gene expression to control NPC homeostasis. Here, we show that methylglyoxal, a glycolytic intermediate metabolite, modulates Notch signalling to regulate NPC fate decision. We find that increased methylglyoxal suppresses the translation of Notch1 receptor mRNA in mouse and human NPCs, which is mediated by binding of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH to an AU-rich region within Notch1 3ʹUTR. Interestingly, methylglyoxal inhibits the enzymatic activity of GAPDH and engages it as an RNA-binding protein to suppress Notch1 translation. Reducing GAPDH levels or restoring Notch signalling rescues methylglyoxal-induced NPC depletion and premature differentiation in the developing mouse cortex. Taken together, our data indicates that methylglyoxal couples the metabolic and translational control of Notch signalling to control NPC homeostasis. Gene regulation and metabolism co-ordinate self-renewal and differentiation of neural precursors (NPCs) in the developing brain. Here the authors show that methylglyoxal, a glycolytic intermediate metabolite, promotes GADPH-dependent translational repression of Notch1, thereby promoting NPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid Carvalho Rodrigues
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emily M Harvey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rejitha Suraj
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah L Erickson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lamees Mohammad
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mengli Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guang Yang
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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45
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Exercise enhances skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting senescence in fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:889. [PMID: 32060352 PMCID: PMC7021787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Since high-dose glucocorticoids might not lead to full recovery of muscle function, physical exercise is also an important intervention, but some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis. It is unknown how physical exercise can have both beneficial and detrimental effects in chronic myopathy. Here we show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise-induced muscle damage is needed to establish a state of regenerative inflammation that induces muscle regeneration. In chronic inflammatory myopathy model mice, exercise does not promote FAP senescence or resistance against tumor necrosis factor–mediated apoptosis. Pro-senescent intervention combining exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation reverses FAP apoptosis resistance and improves muscle function and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the absence of FAP senescence after exercise leads to muscle degeneration with FAP accumulation. FAP-targeted pro-senescent interventions with exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation may constitute a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory myopathy. Some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis in chronic myopathy. Here, the authors show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise induces muscle regeneration, and impaired FAP senescence worsens inflammation and fibrosis in chronic myopathy in mice.
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Alessandra G, Algerta M, Paola M, Carsten S, Cristina L, Paolo M, Elisa M, Gabriella T, Carla P. Shaping Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Functioning: The Influence of Mechanotransduction. Cells 2020; 9:E413. [PMID: 32053947 PMCID: PMC7072458 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in generating β-cells for both replacing medicine and novel therapeutic discoveries in diabetes mellitus. However, their differentiation in vitro is still inefficient, and functional studies reveal that most of these β-like cells still fail to fully mirror the adult β-cell physiology. For their proper growth and functioning, β-cells require a very specific environment, the islet niche, which provides a myriad of chemical and physical signals. While the nature and effects of chemical stimuli have been widely characterized, less is known about the mechanical signals. We here review the current status of knowledge of biophysical cues provided by the niche where β-cells normally live and differentiate, and we underline the possible machinery designated for mechanotransduction in β-cells. Although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, the analysis reveals that β-cells are equipped with all mechanosensors and signaling proteins actively involved in mechanotransduction in other cell types, and they respond to mechanical cues by changing their behavior. By engineering microenvironments mirroring the biophysical niche properties it is possible to elucidate the β-cell mechanotransductive-regulatory mechanisms and to harness them for the promotion of β-cell differentiation capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galli Alessandra
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marku Algerta
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marciani Paola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Schulte Carsten
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lenardi Cristina
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milani Paolo
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maffioli Elisa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tedeschi Gabriella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Perego Carla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
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Raja DA, Gotherwal V, Burse SA, Subramaniam YJ, Sultan F, Vats A, Gautam H, Sharma B, Sharma S, Singh A, Sivasubbu S, Gokhale RS, Natarajan VT. pH-controlled histone acetylation amplifies melanocyte differentiation downstream of MITF. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48333. [PMID: 31709752 PMCID: PMC6945066 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanning response and melanocyte differentiation are mediated by the central transcription factor MITF. This involves the rapid and selective induction of melanocyte maturation genes, while concomitantly the expression of other effector genes is maintained. In this study, using cell-based and zebrafish model systems, we report on a pH-mediated feed-forward mechanism of epigenetic regulation that enables selective amplification of the melanocyte maturation program. We demonstrate that MITF activation directly elevates the expression of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase 14 (CA14). Nuclear localization of CA14 leads to an increase of the intracellular pH, resulting in the activation of the histone acetyl transferase p300/CBP. In turn, enhanced H3K27 histone acetylation at selected differentiation genes facilitates their amplified expression via MITF. CRISPR-mediated targeted missense mutation of CA14 in zebrafish results in the formation of immature acidic melanocytes with decreased pigmentation, establishing a central role for this mechanism during melanocyte differentiation in vivo. Thus, we describe an epigenetic control system via pH modulation that reinforces cell fate determination by altering chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desingu Ayyappa Raja
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Vishvabandhu Gotherwal
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Shaunak A Burse
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Yogaspoorthi J Subramaniam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Farina Sultan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Archana Vats
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Hemlata Gautam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babita Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Sachin Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | | | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
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48
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Mizuno M, Katano H, Shimozaki Y, Sanami S, Ozeki N, Koga H, Sekiya I. Time-lapse image analysis for whole colony growth curves and daily distribution of the cell number per colony during the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16835. [PMID: 31728017 PMCID: PMC6856116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells from the synovium (synovial MSCs) are attractive for cartilage and meniscus regeneration therapy. We developed a software program that can distinguish individual colonies and automatically count the cell number per colony using time-lapse images. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the software and analyzed colony formation in cultured synovial MSCs. Time-lapse image data were obtained for 14-day-expanded human synovial MSCs. The cell number per colony (for 145 colonies) was automatically counted from phase-contrast and nuclear-stained images. Colony growth curves from day 1 to day 14 (for 140 colonies) were classified using cluster analysis. Correlation analysis of the distribution of the cell number per colony at 14 days versus that number at 1–14 days revealed a correlation at 7 and 14 days. We obtained accurate cell number counts from phase-contrast images. Individual colony growth curves were classified into three main groups and subgroups. Our image analysis software has the potential to improve the evaluation of cell proliferation and to facilitate successful clinical applications using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimozaki
- Research & Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sanami
- Research & Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Weiß I, Bohrmann J. Electrochemical gradients are involved in regulating cytoskeletal patterns during epithelial morphogenesis in the Drosophila ovary. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:22. [PMID: 31718540 PMCID: PMC6852995 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Drosophila oogenesis, the follicular epithelium differentiates into several morphologically distinct follicle-cell populations. Characteristic bioelectrical properties make this tissue a suitable model system for studying connections between electrochemical signals and the organisation of the cytoskeleton. Recently, we have described stage-specific transcellular antero-posterior and dorso-ventral gradients of intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane potential (Vmem) depending on the asymmetrical distribution and/or activity of various ion-transport mechanisms. In the present study, we analysed the patterns of basal microfilaments (bMF) and microtubules (MT) in relation to electrochemical signals. RESULTS The bMF- and MT-patterns in developmental stages 8 to 12 were visualised using labelled phalloidin and an antibody against acetylated α-tubulin as well as follicle-cell specific expression of GFP-actin and GFP-α-tubulin. Obviously, stage-specific changes of the pHi- and Vmem-gradients correlate with modifications of the bMF- and MT-organisation. In order to test whether cytoskeletal modifications depend directly on bioelectrical changes, we used inhibitors of ion-transport mechanisms that have previously been shown to modify pHi and Vmem as well as the respective gradients. We inhibited, in stage 10b, Na+/H+-exchangers and Na+-channels with amiloride, V-ATPases with bafilomycin, ATP-sensitive K+-channels with glibenclamide, voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels with verapamil, Cl--channels with 9-anthroic acid and Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporters with furosemide, respectively. The correlations between pHi, Vmem, bMF and MT observed in different follicle-cell types are in line with the correlations resulting from the inhibition experiments. While relative alkalisation and/or hyperpolarisation stabilised the parallel transversal alignment of bMF, acidification led to increasing disorder and to condensations of bMF. On the other hand, relative acidification as well as hyperpolarisation stabilised the longitudinal orientation of MT, whereas alkalisation led to loss of this arrangement and to partial disintegration of MT. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the pHi- and Vmem-changes induced by inhibitors of ion-transport mechanisms simulate bioelectrical changes occurring naturally and leading to the cytoskeletal changes observed during differentiation of the follicle-cell epithelium. Therefore, gradual modifications of electrochemical signals can serve as physiological means to regulate cell and tissue architecture by modifying cytoskeletal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weiß
- Institut für Biologie II, Abt. Zoologie und Humanbiologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Bohrmann
- Institut für Biologie II, Abt. Zoologie und Humanbiologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
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Wu Y, Chen K, Xing G, Li L, Ma B, Hu Z, Duan L, Liu X. Phospholipid remodeling is critical for stem cell pluripotency by facilitating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax7525. [PMID: 31807705 PMCID: PMC6881163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a key regulator of cell fate decisions. Roles of glucose and amino acid metabolism have been extensively documented, whereas lipid metabolism in pluripotency remains largely unexplored. Using a high-coverage lipidomics approach, we reveal dynamic changes in phospholipids occurring during reprogramming and show that the CDP-ethanolamine (CDP-Etn) pathway for phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis is required at the early stage of reprogramming. Mechanistically, the CDP-Etn pathway inhibits NF-κB signaling and mesenchymal genes in a Pebp1-dependent manner, without affecting autophagy, resulting in accelerated mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and enhanced reprogramming. Furthermore, PE binding to Pebp1 enhances the interaction of Pebp1 with IKKα/β and reduces the phosphorylation of IKKα/β. The CDP-Etn-Pebp1 axis is associated with EMT/MET in hepatocyte differentiation, indicating that Etn/PE is a broad-spectrum MET/EMT-regulating metabolite. Collectively, our study reveals an unforeseen connection between phospholipids, cell migration, and pluripotency and highlights the importance of phospholipids in cell fate transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guangsuo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bochao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lifan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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