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Suzuki N, Konuma T, Ikegami T, Akashi S. Biophysical insights into the dimer formation of human Sirtuin 2. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4994. [PMID: 38647411 PMCID: PMC11034489 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a class III histone deacetylase that is highly conserved from bacteria to mammals. We prepared and characterized the wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) domain of human SIRT2 (hSIRT2) using various biophysical methods and evaluated their deacetylation activity. We found that WT hSIRT2 HDAC (residues 52-357) forms a homodimer in a concentration-dependent manner with a dimer-monomer dissociation constant of 8.3 ± 0.5 μM, which was determined by mass spectrometry. The dimer was disrupted into two monomers by binding to the HDAC inhibitors SirReal1 and SirReal2. We also confirmed dimer formation of hSIRT2 HDAC in living cells using a NanoLuc complementation reporter system. Examination of the relationship between dimer formation and deacetylation activity using several mutants of hSIRT2 HDAC revealed that some non-dimerizing mutants exhibited deacetylation activity for the N-terminal peptide of histone H3, similar to the wild type. The hSIRT2 HDAC mutant Δ292-306, which lacks a SIRT2-specific disordered loop region, was identified to exist as a monomer with slightly reduced deacetylation activity; the X-ray structure of the mutant Δ292-306 was almost identical to that of the WT hSIRT2 HDAC bound to an inhibitor. These results indicate that hSIRT2 HDAC forms a dimer, but this is independent of deacetylation activity. Herein, we discuss insights into the dimer formation of hSIRT2 based on our biophysical experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Konuma
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
| | - Satoko Akashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City UniversityYokohamaKanagawaJapan
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2
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Kaya SG, Eren G. Selective inhibition of SIRT2: A disputable therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107038. [PMID: 38113655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is involved in a wide range of processes, from transcription to metabolism to genome stability. Dysregulation of SIRT2 has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of different diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, targeting SIRT2 activity by small molecule inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating related conditions, particularly cancer. This review summarizes the regulatory roles and molecular mechanisms of SIRT2 in cancer and the attempts to evaluate potential antitumor activities of SIRT2-selective inhibitors by in vitro and in vivo testing, which are expected to deepen our understanding of the role of SIRT2 in tumorigenesis and progression and may offer important clues or inspiration ideas for developing SIRT2 inhibitors with excellent affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Gozde Kaya
- SIRTeam Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Gokcen Eren
- SIRTeam Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.
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3
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Malgulwar PB, Danussi C, Dharmaiah S, Johnson W, Singh A, Rai K, Rao A, Huse JT. Sirtuin 2 inhibition modulates chromatin landscapes genome-wide to induce senescence in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:55-67. [PMID: 37625115 PMCID: PMC10769000 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional inactivation of ATRX characterizes large subgroups of malignant gliomas in adults and children. ATRX deficiency in glioma induces widespread chromatin remodeling, driving transcriptional shifts and oncogenic phenotypes. Effective strategies to therapeutically target these broad epigenomic sequelae remain undeveloped. METHODS We utilized integrated multiomics and the Broad Institute Connectivity Map (CMAP) to identify drug candidates that could potentially revert ATRX-deficient transcriptional changes. We then employed disease-relevant experimental models to evaluate functional phenotypes, coupling these studies with epigenomic profiling to elucidate molecular mechanism(s). RESULTS CMAP analysis and transcriptional/epigenomic profiling implicated the Class III HDAC Sirtuin2 (SIRT2) as a central mediator of ATRX-deficient cellular phenotypes and a driver of unfavorable prognosis in ATRX-deficient glioma. SIRT2 inhibitors reverted Atrx-deficient transcriptional signatures in murine neuroepithelial progenitor cells (mNPCs), impaired cell migration in Atrx/ATRX-deficient mNPCs and human glioma stem cells (GSCs), and increased expression of senescence markers in glioma models. Moreover, SIRT2 inhibition impaired growth and increased senescence in ATRX-deficient GSCs in vivo. These effects were accompanied by genome-wide shifts in enhancer-associated H3K27ac and H4K16ac marks, with the latter in particular demonstrating compelling transcriptional links to SIRT2-dependent phenotypic reversals. Motif analysis of these data identified the transcription factor KLF16 as a mediator of phenotype reversal in Atrx-deficient cells upon SIRT2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SIRT2 inhibition selectively targets ATRX-deficient gliomas for senescence through global chromatin remodeling, while demonstrating more broadly a viable approach to combat complex epigenetic rewiring in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Benny Malgulwar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carla Danussi
- Sanofi, Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharvari Dharmaiah
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Johnson
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Departments of Biostatistics, Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, and Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Isachesku E, Braicu C, Pirlog R, Kocijancic A, Busuioc C, Pruteanu LL, Pandey DP, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Epigenetic Dysregulation in Glioblastoma Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16320. [PMID: 38003512 PMCID: PMC10671451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor arising from glial cells. The tumor is highly aggressive, the reason for which it has become the deadliest brain tumor type with the poorest prognosis. Like other cancers, it compromises molecular alteration on genetic and epigenetic levels. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without the occurrence of any genetic mutations or DNA sequence alterations in the driver tumor-related genes. These epigenetic changes are reversible, making them convenient targets in cancer therapy. Therefore, we aim to review critical epigenetic dysregulation processes in glioblastoma. We will highlight the significant affected tumor-related pathways and their outcomes, such as regulation of cell cycle progression, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasiveness, immune evasion, or acquirement of drug resistance. Examples of molecular changes induced by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA epigenetic alterations, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, are highlighted. As understanding the role of epigenetic regulators and underlying molecular mechanisms in the overall pro-tumorigenic landscape of glioblastoma is essential, this literature study will provide valuable insights for establishing the prognostic or diagnostic value of various non-coding transcripts, including miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Isachesku
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Anja Kocijancic
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Onco Team Diagnostic, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Deo Prakash Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
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5
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In silico drug discovery of SIRT2 inhibitors from natural source as anticancer agents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2146. [PMID: 36750593 PMCID: PMC9905574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the sirtuin protein family, which includes lysine deacylases that are NAD+-dependent and organize several biological processes. Different forms of cancer have been associated with dysregulation of SIRT2 activity. Hence, identifying potent inhibitors for SIRT2 has piqued considerable attention in the drug discovery community. In the current study, the Natural Products Atlas (NPAtlas) database was mined to hunt potential SIRT2 inhibitors utilizing in silico techniques. Initially, the performance of the employed docking protocol to anticipate ligand-SIRT2 binding mode was assessed according to the accessible experimental data. Based on the predicted docking scores, the most promising NPAtlas molecules were selected and submitted to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, followed by binding energy computations. Based on the MM-GBSA binding energy estimations over a 200 ns MD course, three NPAtlas compounds, namely NPA009578, NPA006805, and NPA001884, were identified with better ΔGbinding towards SIRT2 protein than the native ligand (SirReal2) with values of - 59.9, - 57.4, - 53.5, and - 49.7 kcal/mol, respectively. On the basis of structural and energetic assessments, the identified NPAtlas compounds were confirmed to be steady over a 200 ns MD course. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the identified NPAtlas molecules were anticipated, and robust bioavailability was predicted. Conclusively, the current results propose potent inhibitors for SIRT2 deserving more in vitro/in vivo investigation.
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6
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Malgulwar PB, Danussi C, Dharmaiah S, Johnson WE, Rao A, Huse JT. Sirtuin 2 inhibition modulates chromatin landscapes genome-wide to induce senescence in ATRX-deficient malignant glioma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523324. [PMID: 36711727 PMCID: PMC9882017 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in ATRX characterize large subgroups of malignant gliomas in adults and children. ATRX deficiency in glioma induces widespread chromatin remodeling, driving transcriptional shifts and oncogenic phenotypes. Effective strategies to therapeutically target these broad epigenomic sequelae remain undeveloped. We utilized integrated mulit-omics and the Broad Institute Connectivity Map (CMAP) to identify drug candidates that could potentially revert ATRX-deficient transcriptional changes. We then employed disease-relevant experimental models to evaluate functional phenotypes, coupling these studies with epigenomic profiling to elucidate molecular mechanim(s). CMAP analysis and transcriptional/epigenomic profiling implicated the Class III HDAC Sirtuin2 (Sirt2) as a central mediator of ATRX-deficient cellular phenotypes and a driver of unfavorable prognosis in ATRX-deficient glioma. Sirt2 inhibitors reverted Atrx-deficient transcriptional signatures in murine neuroprogenitor cells (mNPCs) and impaired cell migration in Atrx/ATRX-deficient mNPCs and human glioma stem cells (GSCs). While effects on cellular proliferation in these contexts were more modest, markers of senescence significantly increased, suggesting that Sirt2 inhibition promotes terminal differentiation in ATRX-deficient glioma. These phenotypic effects were accompanied by genome-wide shifts in enhancer-associated H3K27ac and H4K16ac marks, with the latter in particular demonstrating compelling transcriptional links to Sirt2-dependent phenotypic reversals. Motif analysis of these data identified the transcription factor KLF16 as a mediator of phenotype reversal in Atrx-deficient cells upon Sirt2 inhibition. Finally, Sirt2 inhibition impaired growth and increased senescence in ATRX-deficient GSCs in vivo . Our findings indicate that Sirt2 inhibition selectively targets ATRX-deficient gliomas through global chromatin remodeling, while demonstrating more broadly a viable approach to combat complex epigenetic rewiring in cancer. One Sentence Summary Our study demonstrates that SIRT2 inhibition promotes senescence in ATRX-deficient glioma model systems through global epigenomic remodeling, impacting key downstream transcriptional profiles.
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Xuan F, Zhang Z, Liu K, Gong H, Liang S, Zhao Y, Li H. Constructing a signature based on the SIRT family to help the prognosis and treatment sensitivity in glioma patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:1035368. [PMID: 36568393 PMCID: PMC9780371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of the silent information regulator (SIRT) family exert crucial roles in basic cellular physiological processes including apoptosis, metabolism, ageing, and cell cycle progression. They critically contribute to promoting or inhibiting cancers such as glioma. In the present study, a new gene signature of this family was identified for use in risk assessment and stratification of glioma patients. To this end, the transcriptome and relevant clinical records of patients diagnosed with glioma were obtained from the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). LASSO regression and multivariate Cox analyses were used to establish the signature. Using Kaplan-Meier analyses, overall survival (OS) was assessed and compared between a training and an external test datasets which showed lower OS in patients with high risk of glioma compared to those with low risk. Further, ROC curve analyses indicated that the SIRT-based signature had the desired accuracy and universality for evaluating the prognosis of glioma patients. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the SIRT-based signature was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor applicable to subjects in the TCGA and CGGA databases. We also developed an OS nomogram including gender, age, risk score, pathological grade, and IDH status for clinical decision-making purposes. ssGSEA analysis showed a higher score for various immune subgroups (e.g., CD8+ T cells, DC, and TIL) in samples from high-risk patients, compared to those of low-risk ones. qPCR and western blotting confirmed the dysregulated expression of SIRTs in gliomas. Taken together, we developed a new signature on the basis of five SIRT family genes, which can help accurately predict OS of glioma patients. In addition, the findings of the present study suggest that this characteristic is associated with differences in immune status and infiltration levels of various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Kuili Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Haidong Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Disease Prevention and Control, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Shaodong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Youzhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China,*Correspondence: Hongzhe Li,
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8
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Abbotto E, Scarano N, Piacente F, Millo E, Cichero E, Bruzzone S. Virtual Screening in the Identification of Sirtuins’ Activity Modulators. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175641. [PMID: 36080416 PMCID: PMC9457788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylases with different subcellular localization. The sirtuins’ family is composed of seven members, named SIRT-1 to SIRT-7. Their substrates include histones and also an increasing number of different proteins. Sirtuins regulate a wide range of different processes, ranging from transcription to metabolism to genome stability. Thus, their dysregulation has been related to the pathogenesis of different diseases. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological approaches based on sirtuins’ modulators (both inhibitors and activators) that have been attempted in in vitro and/or in in vivo experimental settings, to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting one/more specific sirtuin isoform(s) in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research has already been performed to identify SIRT-1 and -2 modulators, while compounds targeting the other sirtuins have been less studied so far. Beside sections dedicated to each sirtuin, in the present review we also included sections dedicated to pan-sirtuins’ and to parasitic sirtuins’ modulators. A special focus is dedicated to the sirtuins’ modulators identified by the use of virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Huang W, Hao Z, Mao F, Guo D. Small Molecule Inhibitors in Adult High-Grade Glioma: From the Past to the Future. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911876. [PMID: 35785151 PMCID: PMC9247310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain and has a dismal prognosis despite patients accepting standard therapies. Alternation of genes and deregulation of proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/Akt, PKC, Ras/Raf/MEK, histone deacetylases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), CDK4/6, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), and Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma. Simultaneously, the abnormalities change the cellular biological behavior and microenvironment of tumor cells. The differences between tumor cells and normal tissue become the vulnerability of tumor, which can be taken advantage of using targeted therapies. Small molecule inhibitors, as an important part of modern treatment for cancers, have shown significant efficacy in hematologic cancers and some solid tumors. To date, in glioblastoma, there have been more than 200 clinical trials completed or ongoing in which trial designers used small molecules as monotherapy or combination regimens to correct the abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctional molecular mechanisms and highlight the outcomes of relevant clinical trials associated with small-molecule targeted therapies. Based on the outcomes, the main findings were that small-molecule inhibitors did not bring more benefit to newly diagnosed glioblastoma, but the clinical studies involving progressive glioblastoma usually claimed “noninferiority” compared with historical results. However, as to the clinical inferiority trial, similar dosing regimens should be avoided in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Guo, ; Feng Mao,
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Akasu-Nagayoshi Y, Hayashi T, Kawabata A, Shimizu N, Yamada A, Yokota N, Nakato R, Shirahige K, Okamoto A, Akiyama T. The phosphate exporter XPR1/SLC53A1 is required for the tumorigenicity of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2034-2043. [PMID: 35377528 PMCID: PMC9207365 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer‐related death in women. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a chemotherapy‐resistant epithelial ovarian cancer with poor prognosis. As a basis for the development of therapeutic agents that could improve the prognosis of OCCC, we performed a screen for proteins critical for the tumorigenicity of OCCC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here we show that knockdown of the phosphate exporter XPR1/SLC53A1 induces the growth arrest and apoptosis of OCCC cells in vitro. Moreover, we show that knockdown of XPR1/SLC53A1 inhibits the proliferation of OCCC cells xenografted into immunocompromised mice. These results suggest that XPR1/SLC53A1 plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of OCCC cells. We speculate that XPR1/SLC53A1 might be a promising molecular target for the therapeutic treatment of OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Akasu-Nagayoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawabata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ai Yamada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota
- Laboratory of Computational Genetics, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genetics, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
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Wawruszak A, Luszczki J, Czerwonka A, Okon E, Stepulak A. Assessment of Pharmacological Interactions between SIRT2 Inhibitor AGK2 and Paclitaxel in Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071211. [PMID: 35406775 PMCID: PMC8998062 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in women in the world. Although the advances in the treatment of BC patients are significant, numerous side effects, severe toxicity towards normal cells as well as the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon restrict the effectiveness of the therapies used. Therefore, new active compounds which decrease the MDR, extend disease-free survival, thereby ameliorating the effectiveness of the current treatment regimens, are greatly needed. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs), including sirtuin inhibitors (SIRTi), are the epigenetic antitumor agents which induce a cytotoxic effect in different types of cancer cells, including BC cells. Currently, combined forms of therapy with two or even more chemotherapeutics are promising antineoplastic tools to obtain a better response to therapy and limit adverse effects. Thus, on the one hand, much more effective chemotherapeutics, e.g., sirtuin inhibitors (SIRTi), are in demand; on the other hand, combinations of accepted cytostatics are trialed. Thus, the aim of our research was to examine the combination effects of a renowned cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (PAX) and SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2 on the proliferation and viability of the T47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-549 and HCC1937 BC cells. Moreover, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction were explored. The type of pharmacological interactions between AGK2 and PAX in different molecular subtypes of BC cells was assessed using the advanced isobolographic method. Our findings demonstrated that the tested active agents singly inhibited viability and proliferation of BC cells as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the cell-dependent context. Additionally, AGK2 increased the antitumor effect of PAX in most BC cell lines. We observed that, depending on the BC cell lines, the combinations of tested drugs showed synergistic, additive or antagonistic pharmacological interaction. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that the consolidated therapy with the use of AGK2 and PAX can be considered as a potential therapeutic regimen in the personalized cure of BC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jarogniew Luszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.C.); (E.O.); (A.S.)
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12
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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13
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Halasa M, Adamczuk K, Adamczuk G, Afshan S, Stepulak A, Cybulski M, Wawruszak A. Deacetylation of Transcription Factors in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11810. [PMID: 34769241 PMCID: PMC8583941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible Nε-lysine acetylation/deacetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTM) of histones and non-histone proteins that is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). This epigenetic process is highly involved in carcinogenesis, affecting histone and non-histone proteins' properties and their biological functions. Some of the transcription factors, including tumor suppressors and oncoproteins, undergo this modification altering different cell signaling pathways. HDACs deacetylate their targets, which leads to either the upregulation or downregulation of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, ultimately influencing tumor growth, invasion, and drug resistance. Therefore, epigenetic modifications are of great clinical importance and may constitute a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. This review is aimed to present the significance of HDACs in carcinogenesis through their influence on functions of transcription factors, and therefore regulation of different signaling pathways, cancer progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Halasa
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Kamila Adamczuk
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Syeda Afshan
- Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marek Cybulski
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Witolda Chodźki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
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14
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Hong JY, Lin H. Sirtuin Modulators in Cellular and Animal Models of Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735044. [PMID: 34650436 PMCID: PMC8505532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Ding T, Hao J. Sirtuin 2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and RAS/ERK signaling, and promotes cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:760. [PMID: 34476507 PMCID: PMC8436222 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the regulatory role of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in malignant progression of multiple myeloma (MM) and the potential associated signaling pathways. In total, 30 patients with MM and 15 healthy bone marrow donors were enrolled in the current study and their bone marrow samples were collected to isolate the plasma cells. The expression levels of SIRT2 were detected in MM cell lines (KMS-28BM, U266, RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929) and normal plasma cells (collected from healthy bone marrow donors as the control) via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. SIRT2 knockdown was established by transfecting two MM cell lines (RPMI-8226 and NCI-H929 cells) with short hairpin RNA-SIRT2 recombinant plasmid; the control group was transfected with a control recombinant plasmid. Subsequently, the effect of SIRT2 knockdown on MM cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and RAS/ERK signaling was investigated via Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT2 were increased in U266 (P<0.001), KMS-28BM (P<0.001), RPMI-8226 (P<0.001) and NCI-H929 (P<0.001) cells compared with those in the control cells. In NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226 cells, cell proliferation was decreased 48 h (P<0.05) and 72 h (P<0.05) after SIRT2 knockdown. Furthermore, the cell apoptotic rate was elevated 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown (P<0.01). In addition, the percentage of cells at the G0/G1 phase was increased (P<0.01), whereas the percentage of cells at the S phase was reduced (P<0.01) 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown. The expression levels of HRAS and phosphorylated-ERK were also reduced 48 h after SIRT2 knockdown. In conclusion, SIRT2 was highly expressed in MM cell lines, and knockdown of SIRT2 inhibited MM cell proliferation, inactivated the RAS/ERK signaling pathway, and promoted cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianling Ding
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jing'an District Beizhan Hospital, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
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16
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Ni Y, Yang Z, Agbana YL, Bai H, Wang L, Yang L, Yi Z, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Kuang Y, Zhu Y. Silent information regulator 2 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through deacetylation and small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 modification of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4075-4086. [PMID: 34310804 PMCID: PMC8486209 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory relationship between silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the function of SIRT2 and its regulatory effect on G6PD in ccRCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining of SIRT2 was first analyzed. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot analyses were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and TUNEL assays and EdU staining were used to investigate the roles of SIRT2 in ccRCC proliferation and apoptosis. The coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was used to analyze the association between SIRT2 and G6PD in ccRCC cells. Quantitative Co‐IP assay was used to detect the levels of G6PD ubiquitination and small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 (SUMO1). An in vivo experiment was also carried out to confirm in vitro findings. The results indicated that SIRT2 promoted ccRCC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins. Silent information regulator 2 interacted with G6PD, facilitated its activity through deacetylation, and increased its stability by reducing its ubiquitination and enhancing its SUMO1 modification. Silent information regulator 2 also promoted ccRCC tumor development in vivo. Taken together, the present study indicated that SIRT2 promoted ccRCC progression by increasing G6PD activity and stability, and it could be a potential new diagnostic and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yannick Luther Agbana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Honggang Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lianlin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zihan Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingmin Kuang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuechun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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17
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Zhang M, Acklin S, Gillenwater J, Du W, Patra M, Yu H, Xu B, Yu J, Xia F. SIRT2 promotes murine melanoma progression through natural killer cell inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12988. [PMID: 34155309 PMCID: PMC8217567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, has been shown to play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, however, its role in cancer is currently controversial. In recent years, SIRT2 has been described as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene with divergent expression and function in various malignancies. Using murine allograft melanoma models, our results suggest increased systemic expression of SIRT2 promotes tumor progression. In this study, SIRT2-overexpressing mice exhibited enhanced tumor growth and larger tumor volumes compared to their wild-type littermates. Mechanistically, systemic overexpression of SIRT2 reduces the number of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and suppresses NK cell function and proliferation within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, despite the enhancing effect of NK cell depletion on tumor volume and growth rate in wild-type littermate mice, this effect was diminished in SIRT2-overexpressing mice. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 increases NK cell tumor infiltration and suppresses allograft melanoma tumor growth. The findings of this study identify a dynamic functional interaction between systemic SIRT2 and NK cell activity, which controls melanoma tumor progression. Given the recent renewed interest in NK-cell-mediated immunotherapy response, SIRT2 could present a new opportunity to mediate immunotherapy response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Scarlett Acklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - John Gillenwater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Wuying Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Mousumi Patra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fen Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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18
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Omran Z, H. Dalhat M, Abdullah O, Kaleem M, Hosawi S, A Al-Abbasi F, Wu W, Choudhry H, Alhosin M. Targeting Post-Translational Modifications of the p73 Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081916. [PMID: 33921128 PMCID: PMC8071514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p73 is a member of the p53 family and is expressed as different isoforms with opposing properties. The TAp73 isoforms act as tumor suppressors and have pro-apoptotic effects, whereas the ΔNp73 isoforms lack the N-terminus transactivation domain and behave as oncogenes. The TAp73 protein has a high degree of similarity with both p53 function and structure, and it induces the regulation of various genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Unlike those of the p53 gene, the mutations in the p73 gene are very rare in tumors. Cancer cells have developed several mechanisms to inhibit the activity and/or expression of p73, from the hypermethylation of its promoter to the modulation of the ratio between its pro- and anti-apoptotic isoforms. The p73 protein is also decorated by a panel of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitin proteasomal pathway modifications, and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation, that regulate its transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, and stability. These modifications orchestrate the multiple anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic functions of TAp73, thereby offering multiple promising candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the different pathways implicated in the regulation of TAp73 at the post-translational level. This review also highlights the growing importance of targeting the post-translational modifications of TAp73 as a promising antitumor strategy, regardless of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mahmood H. Dalhat
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Fahd A Al-Abbasi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9795-9354
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19
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Zhang Y, Yan Q, Zhang Y. Overexpression of sirtuin 2 and its association with prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23707. [PMID: 33616302 PMCID: PMC8059742 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the correlation of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) risk, severity, inflammation, and prognosis. Methods A hundred and sixty‐four first episode AIS patients and 164 age and gender matched non‐AIS patients with high‐stroke‐risk factors (controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood was collected and serum was separated for SIRT2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines detection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. AIS patients were continually followed up to 36 months or death, then recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results Serum SIRT2 expression was increased in AIS patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), then receiver operative characteristic curve disclosed that the serum SIRT2 expression could differentiate AIS patients from controls with a good area under curve of 0.890 (95%CI: 0.854–0.926), a sensitivity of 78.7% and a specificity of 91.5% at the best cut‐off point. Serum SIRT2 expression was positively correlated with National Institute of Health stroke scale score (p < 0.001), serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)‐6 (p = 0.012) and IL‐17 (p < 0.001) expressions in AIS patients. In addition, serum SIRT2 expression was elevated in recurrent/dead AIS patients compared to non‐recurrent/dead AIS patients (p = 0.025), and was also increased in dead AIS patients compared to survivors (p = 0.006). Moreover, RFS (p = 0.029) and OS (p = 0.049) were both worse in AIS patients with SIRT2 high expression compared to AIS patients with SIRT2 low expression. Conclusion SIRT2 may serve as a marker for AIS risk and prognosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianfeng Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Alghamdi BS, Tewari D, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM. Epigenetics of glioblastoma multiforme: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:100-120. [PMID: 33370605 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers found in humans. Most of the signs and symptoms of GBM can be mild and slowly aggravated, although other symptoms might demonstrate it as an acute ailment. However, the precise mechanisms of the development of GBM remain unknown. Due to the improvement of molecular pathology, current researches have reported that glioma progression is strongly connected with different types of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and aberrant microRNA. Furthermore, the genes and the proteins that control these alterations have become novel targets for treating glioma because of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications. In some cases, gene mutations including P16, TP53, and EGFR, have been observed in GBM. In contrast, monosomies, including removals of chromosome 10, particularly q23 and q25-26, are considered the standard markers for determining the development and aggressiveness of GBM. Recently, amid the epigenetic therapies, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been used for treating tumors, either single or combined. Specifically, HDACIs are served as a good choice and deliver a novel pathway to treat GBM. In this review, we focus on the epigenetics of GBM and the consequence of its mutations. We also highlight various treatment approaches, namely gene editing, epigenetic drugs, and microRNAs to combat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Guo Y, Zhao N, Zhou J, Dong J, Wang X. Sirtuin 2 in Endometrial Cancer: A Potential Regulator for Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and RAS/ERK Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820980781. [PMID: 33327875 PMCID: PMC7750899 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the function of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS SIRT2 expression in human EC cell lines and human endometrial (uterine) epithelial cell (HEEC) line was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. SIRT2 knock-down and control knock-down plasmids were transfected into HEC1A cells, respectively; SIRT2 overexpression and control overexpression plasmids were transfected into Ishikawa cells, respectively. After transfection, SIRT2, HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase (HRAS) expressions were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot. ERK and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) expressions were evaluated by western blot. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were measured. RESULTS Compared to normal HEEC cell line, SIRT2 mRNA and protein expressions were increased in most human EC cell lines (including HEC1A, RL952 and AN3CA), while were similar in Ishikawa cell line. In HEC1A cells, SIRT2 knock-down decreased cell proliferation but increased apoptosis. In Ishikawa cells, SIRT2 overexpression induced cell proliferation but inhibited apoptosis. For RAS/ERK pathway, SIRT2 knock-down reduced HRAS and inactivated pERK in HEC1A cells, whereas SIRT2 overexpression increased HRAS and activated pERK in Ishikawa cells, suggesting that SIRT2 was implicated in the regulation of RAS/ERK pathway in EC cells. CONCLUSION SIRT2 contributes to the EC tumorigenesis, which appears as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Lu W, Wang Q, Xu C, Yuan H, Fan Q, Chen B, Cai R, Wu D, Xu M. SUMOylation is essential for Sirt2 tumor-suppressor function in neuroblastoma. Neoplasia 2020; 23:129-139. [PMID: 33316537 PMCID: PMC7736920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that participates in a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotic cells. Sirt2, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, usually exerts a tumor-suppressor function. However, the role of SUMOylation in cancer cells is not fully known. In this study, we found that SUMOylation can occur in the Sirt2 protein at both lysine 183 and lysine 340 sites. SUMOylation did not affect Sirt2 localization or stability but was involved in P38-mTORC2-AKT cellular signal transduction via direct deacetylation on a new substrate MAPK/P38. SUMOylation-deficient Sirt2 lost the capability of suppressing tumor processes and showed resistance to the Sirt2-specific inhibitor AK-7 in neuroblastoma cells. Here, we revealed the important function of Sirt2-SUMOylation, which is closely associated with cellular signal transduction and is essential for suppressing tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Kunadis E, Lakiotaki E, Korkolopoulou P, Piperi C. Targeting post-translational histone modifying enzymes in glioblastoma. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107721. [PMID: 33144118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and the most lethal form of glioma, characterized by variable histopathology, aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome and prognosis. GBMs constitute a challenge for oncologists because of their molecular heterogeneity, extensive invasion, and tendency to relapse. Glioma cells demonstrate a variety of deregulated genomic pathways and extensive interplay with epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic modifications have emerged as essential players in GBM research, with biomarker potential for tumor classification and prognosis and for drug targeting. Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulators of chromatin architecture and gene expression, playing a pivotal role in malignant transformation, tumor development and progression. Alteration in the expression of genes coding for lysine and arginine methyltransferases (G9a, SUV39H1 and SETDB1) and acetyltransferases and deacetylases (KAT6A, SIRT2, SIRT7, HDAC4, 6, 9) contribute to GBM pathogenesis. In addition, proteins of the sumoylation pathway are upregulated in GBM cell lines, including E1 (SAE1), E2 (Ubc9) components, and a SUMO-specific protease (SENP1). Preclinical and clinical studies are currently in progress targeting epigenetic enzymes in gliomas, including a new generation of histone deacetylase (HDAC), protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) and bromodomain (BRD) inhibitors. Herein, we provide an update on recent advances in glioma epigenetic research, focusing on the role of histone modifications and the use of epigenetic therapy as a valid treatment option for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kunadis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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25
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Li G, Tian Y, Zhu WG. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576946. [PMID: 33117804 PMCID: PMC7552186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Zhang L, Kim S, Ren X. The Clinical Significance of SIRT2 in Malignancies: A Tumor Suppressor or an Oncogene? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1721. [PMID: 33014852 PMCID: PMC7506103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the sirtuin protein family. It is a Class III histone deacetylase (HDACs) and predominantly localized to the cytosol. SIRT2 deacetylates histones and a number of non-histone proteins and plays a pivotal role in various physiologic processes. Previously, SIRT2 has been considered indispensable during carcinogenesis; however, there is now a significant controversy regarding whether SIRT2 is an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiological functions of SIRT2 and its mechanisms in cancer. We will focus on five malignancies (breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and glioma) to describe the current status of SIRT2 research and discuss the clinical evaluation of SIRT2 expression and the use of SIRT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Sungjune Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiubao Ren
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT NAD is a central metabolite connecting energy balance and organismal growth with genomic integrity and function. It is involved in the development of malignancy and has a regulatory role in the aging process. These processes are mediated by a diverse series of enzymes whose common focus is either NAD's biosynthesis or its utilization as a redox cofactor or enzyme substrate. These enzymes include dehydrogenases, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolases, mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and sirtuin deacetylases. This article describes the manifold pathways that comprise NAD metabolism and promotes an increased awareness of how perturbations in these systems may be important in disease prevention and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wr Kincaid
- Department of Nutrition, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,151230Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nathan A Berger
- 151230Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Center for Science, Health and Society, 12304Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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28
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Wang Y, Yang J, Hong T, Chen X, Cui L. SIRT2: Controversy and multiple roles in disease and physiology. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100961. [PMID: 31505260 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that was under studied compared to other sirtuin family members. SIRT2 is the only sirtuin protein which is predominantly found in the cytoplasm but is also found in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. Recently, accumulating evidence has uncovered a growing number of substrates and additional detailed functions of SIRT2 in a wide range of biological processes, marking its crucial role. Here, we give a comprehensive profile of the crucial physiological functions of SIRT2 and its role in neurological diseases, cancers, and other diseases. This review summarizes the functions of SIRT2 in the nervous system, mitosis regulation, genome integrity, cell differentiation, cell homeostasis, aging, infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. SIRT2 inhibition rescues neurodegenerative disease symptoms and hence SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. SIRT2 is undoubtedly dysfunctional in cancers and plays a dual-faced role in different types of cancers, and although its mechanism is unresolved, SIRT2 remains a promising therapeutic target for certain cancers. In future, the continued rapid growth in SIRT2 research will help clarify its role in human health and disease, and promote the progress of this target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingqi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiongjin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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29
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Lucena-Cacace A, Umeda M, Navas LE, Carnero A. NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD + as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance. Front Oncol 2019; 9:292. [PMID: 31119097 PMCID: PMC6507617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133+ cells with self-renewal properties and capable of initiating new tumors contributing to Glioma progression, maintenance, hierarchy, and complexity. GSCs are highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. These cells are believed to be responsible for tumor relapses and patients' fatal outcome after developing a recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM) or High Grade Glioma (HGG). GSCs are cells under replicative stress with high demands on NAD+ supply to repair DNA, maintain self-renewal capacity and to induce tumor plasticity. NAD+ feeds Poly-ADP polymerases (PARP) and NAD+-dependent deacetylases (SIRTUINS) contributing to GSC phenotype. This energetic core axis is mainly controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an important oncogene contributing to tumor dedifferentiation. Targeting GSCs depicts a new frontier in Glioma therapy; hence NAMPT could represent a key regulator for GSCs maintenance. Its inhibition may attenuate GSCs properties by decreasing NAD+ supply, consequently contributing to a better outcome together with current therapies for Glioma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lucena-Cacace
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lola E Navas
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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31
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Kosciuk T, Wang M, Hong JY, Lin H. Updates on the epigenetic roles of sirtuins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:18-29. [PMID: 30875552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzyme with NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase activities. They were initially discovered to regulate transcription and life span via histone deacetylase activities. Later studies expanded their activities to other proteins and acyl lysine modifications. Through deacylating various substrate proteins, they regulate many biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair and genome stability, metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, we review recent understandings of the epigenetic functions (broadly defined to include transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair) of mammalian sirtuins. Because of the important functions of sirtuins, their own regulation is of great interest and is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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