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Meyer Z, Unger JB, Zheng Y. Gene-environment transactions between peer cigarette use, parental supervision, and Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38445782 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The initiation and continued use of tobacco products constitute an ongoing source of preventable disease that continues to pose a significant risk to global adolescent health. Scarce research has sought to explore the influences of two well-known environmental risk factors, parental supervision and peer cigarette use, on genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent cigarette use, especially in non-Western populations. METHODS Following 602 Chinese twin pairs (52% female, N = 1204) from early to middle adolescence at two-time points (Mage = 12 and 15) from 2006 to 2009 and using multivariate biometric modeling, this study examined gene-environment interplay (i.e., gene-environment correlation and interaction) between perceived parental supervision, peer cigarette use, and adolescent cigarette smoking initiation. RESULTS From early to middle adolescence, genetic influences on cigarette smoking initiation became more pronounced, whereas shared environmental influences that promote similarity between family members diminished. Genetic factors primarily explained the links between parental supervision and cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. Peer cigarette use displayed stronger associations with and moderating potential in adolescent cigarette smoking initiation than parental supervision. High levels of peer cigarette use amplified genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation in mid-adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation involves dynamic gene-environment transactions primarily with peer processes over development. Mid-adolescence constitutes a developmental period wherein underlying genetic risk for cigarette smoking initiation is particularly sensitive to peer influences. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing Chinese adolescent cigarette smoking initiation should focus on peer processes during this developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Stephenson M, Aliev F, Kuo SIC, Edwards AC, Pandey G, Su J, Kamarajan C, Dick D, Salvatore JE. The role of adolescent social relationships in promoting alcohol resistance: Interrupting the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1841-1855. [PMID: 36873306 PMCID: PMC9976711 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse, but not all individuals at high genetic risk develop problems. The present study examined adolescent relationships with parents, peers, and romantic partners as predictors of realized resistance, defined as high biological risk for disorder combined with a healthy outcome, to alcohol initiation, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data were from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 1,858; 49.9% female; mean age at baseline = 13.91 years). Genetic risk, indexed using family history density and polygenic risk scores for alcohol problems and AUD, was used to define alcohol resistance. Adolescent predictors included parent-child relationship quality, parental monitoring, peer drinking, romantic partner drinking, and social competence. There was little support for the hypothesis that social relationship factors would promote alcohol resistance, with the exception that higher father-child relationship quality was associated with higher resistance to alcohol initiation (β ^ = - 0.19 , 95% CI = -0.35, -0.03). Unexpectedly, social competence was associated with lower resistance to heavy episodic drinking (β ^ = 0.10 , 95% CI = 0.01, 0.20). This pattern of largely null effects underscores how little is known about resistance processes among those at high genetic risk for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Pistella J, Isolani S, Morelli M, Izzo F, Baiocco R. Helicopter parenting and alcohol use in adolescence: A quadratic relation. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2021; 39:134-145. [PMID: 35757090 PMCID: PMC9189564 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211009036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Research has underscored that an excessively intrusive parental style, defined as helicopter parenting, could be a risk factor for maladaptive behaviours in youth, including alcohol use and drug consumption. However, such at-risk behaviours have also been associated with low levels of parental involvement and warmth. Thus, the relationship between parental involvement and at-risk behaviours in adolescents is not clear. The purpose of the current study was to identify the relation between helicopter parenting and alcohol use in a sample of Italian youth. Design: The participants were 402 adolescents (233 female) between the ages of 14 and 19 years (Mage= 17.20, SD = 1.66). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine linear, quadratic, and exponential models and to verify which model best described the correlation. Results: The results showed a quadratic correlation between mothers’ helicopter parenting and alcohol use, whereby higher and lower levels of mothers’ helicopter parenting were associated with adolescents’ alcohol use. Conclusions: The empirical data are essential for improving our understanding of the implications and potential outcomes of helicopter parenting during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Isolani
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Izzo
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Constante K, Huntley ED, Si Y, Schillinger E, Wagner C, Keating DP. Conceptualizing protective family context and its effect on substance use: Comparisons across diverse ethnic-racial youth. Subst Abus 2020; 42:796-805. [PMID: 33332252 PMCID: PMC8209119 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1856289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although family behaviors are known to be important for buffering youth against substance use, research in this area often evaluates a particular type of family interaction and how it shapes adolescents' behaviors, when it is likely that youth experience the co-occurrence of multiple types of family behaviors that may be protective. Methods: The current study (N = 1716, 10th and 12th graders, 55% female) examined associations between protective family context, a latent variable comprised of five different measures of family behaviors, and past 12 months substance use: alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and e-cigarettes. Results: A multi-group measurement invariance assessment supported protective family context as a coherent latent construct with partial (metric) measurement invariance among Black, Latinx, and White youth. A multi-group path model indicated that protective family context was significantly associated with less substance use for all youth, but of varying magnitudes across ethnic-racial groups. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of evaluating psychometric properties of family-relevant latent variables on the basis of group membership in order to draw appropriate inferences on how such family variables relate to substance use among diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Constante
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward D. Huntley
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yajuan Si
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma Schillinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christine Wagner
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel P. Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Awaluddin SMB, Ying Ying C, Yoep N, Paiwai F, Lodz NA, Muhammad EN, Mahmud NA, Ibrahim Wong N, Mohamad Nor NS, Nik Abd Rashid NR. The Association of Internet Addiction and Perceived Parental Protective Factors Among Malaysian Adolescents. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:57S-64S. [PMID: 31523984 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519872642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental protective factors do play an important role in preventing Internet addiction. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure health risk behaviors among Malaysian adolescents. The prevalence of Internet addiction was significantly higher among adolescents with perceived lack of parental supervision (30.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 28.7-31.4]) and lack of parental connectedness (30.1% [95% CI = 28.5-31.7]), compared with their counterparts. Adolescents who perceived a lack of parental supervision, respect for privacy, connectedness, and bonding were more likely to have Internet addiction: (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.27-1.52), (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.16-1.31), (aOR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02-1.16), (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.00-1.12), respectively. Among girls, Internet addiction was associated with those who perceived lack in all 4 parental factors, while among boys, those who perceived lack of parental supervision and respect for privacy were more prone to Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maria Binti Awaluddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chan Ying Ying
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norzawati Yoep
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Paiwai
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Aliza Lodz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Azna Mahmud
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazizah Ibrahim Wong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rubiah Nik Abd Rashid
- Family Health and Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administration Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Bonnaire C, Liddle HA, Har A, Nielsen P, Phan O. Why and how to include parents in the treatment of adolescents presenting Internet gaming disorder? J Behav Addict 2019; 8:201-212. [PMID: 31146552 PMCID: PMC7044550 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinicians and researchers are increasingly interested in investigating excessive use of video gaming recently named Internet gaming disorder (IGD). As is the case with extensively researched adolescent problem behaviors such as substance use disorder, several studies associate IGD with the young person's family environment and the parent-adolescent relationship in particular. Evidence-based treatments for a range of adolescent clinical problems including behavioral addictions demonstrate efficacy, the capacity for transdiagnostic adaptation, and lasting impact. However, less attention has been paid to developing and testing science-based interventions for IGD, and at present most tested interventions for IGD have been individual treatments (cognitive behavioral therapy). METHODS This article presents the rationale for a systemic conceptualization of IGD and a therapeutic approach that targets multiple units or subsystems. The IGD treatment program is based on the science-supported multidimensional family therapy approach (MDFT). Following treatment development work, the MDFT approach has been adapted for IGD. RESULTS The article discusses recurring individual and family-based clinical themes and therapeutic responses in the MDFT-IGD clinical model, which tailors interventions for individuals and subsystems within the young person's family. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Basic science developmental research can inform conceptualization of IGD and a systemic logic model of intervention and change. This paper aims to expand treatment theorizing and intervention approaches for practitioners working with frequently life-altering behaviors of excessive Internet gaming. We operationalize this aim by addressing the question of why and how parents should be involved in youth IGD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Université de Paris, LPPS, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Centre Pierre Nicole, Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs, Croix-Rouge Française, Paris, France
| | - Howard A. Liddle
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Alexandre Har
- Clinique Dupré, Fondation Santé des étudiants de France, Sceaux, Hauts de Seine, France
| | | | - Olivier Phan
- Centre Pierre Nicole, Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs, Croix-Rouge Française, Paris, France
- Clinique Dupré, Fondation Santé des étudiants de France, Sceaux, Hauts de Seine, France
- Unité Inserm CESP U1018, Paris 5, France
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Booth JM, Shaw DS. Relations among Perceptions of Neighborhood Cohesion and Control and Parental Monitoring across Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:74-86. [PMID: 31152283 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social disorganization theory argues that disadvantaged neighborhoods will have less cohesion and control, and therefore will be less conducive to effective parental monitoring. This study aims to test these relationships using four waves of the Pitt Mother and Child Project (ages 11, 12, 15, and 17). The sample consists of 185 low-income males and their parents, 56.44% of whom identify as White, and 34.67% of whom identify African American. Crossed-lagged path models were estimated and the indirect effect of neighborhood disadvantage on parental monitoring through neighborhood cohesion and control was estimated. Separate models were estimated for parental and adolescent perceptions of parental monitoring. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between parental perception of neighborhood social cohesion and parental monitoring, and a negative relationship found between parental perceptions of neighborhood social control and parental monitoring in both models. The findings of this study suggests that neighborhoods may be an important target for interventions that are aiming to improve parental monitoring and ultimately adolescent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Booth
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work, 4200 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210S Bouquet Street, 4101 Sennott Square, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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8
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Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of parental monitoring and violent peers with violence among Latino youth, and whether these associations varied by acculturation. 133 adolescents were surveyed. Associations between parental monitoring, peer violence, and physical and non-physical violence were examined using bivariate and multivariable negative binomial regression. Multivariable analysis was stratified by age and acculturation. A path model examined whether peer violence mediated the relationship between parental monitoring and youth violence. Stratified analysis demonstrated that peer violence increased the risk of physical (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.02-1.20) and non-physical violence (RR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62) for high-acculturated youth, whereas parental monitoring was protective for low-acculturated youth (physical RR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78-0.99; non-physical RR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68-0.93). In path analysis, low parental monitoring increased risk of involvement with violent peers, which was associated with increased risk of youth violence. Interventions may benefit from focusing on parental monitoring, peer violence, and tailoring by acculturation.
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9
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Kim KW, Wallander JL, Felt JM, Elliott MN, Schuster MA. Associations of Parental General Monitoring with Adolescent Weight-Related Behaviors and Weight Status. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:280-287. [PMID: 30597754 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how parental general monitoring (PGM), which refers to parental awareness of adolescents' activities in various domains, is associated with adolescents' weight status and related behaviors and whether these relationships differ among racial/ethnic groups. METHODS Data are from 4,088 Black, Latino, and White youth assessed in seventh grade (mean age = 13.06). BMI percentile based on measured height and weight indicated weight status. PGM was assessed by adolescent report of parents' awareness of money spending, friends, and whereabouts. Adolescents reported both healthy and unhealthy dietary intake (DI), physical activity, and screen time over the past 7 days. Total sample and multigroup structural models were estimated. RESULTS PGM was associated with lower weight status for the total sample, as well as being positively associated with healthy DI and physical activity and inversely associated with screen time across racial/ethnic groups. PGM was also inversely associated with unhealthy DI, except for in Black adolescents. There was an indirect effect from PGM to lower weight status via reduced screen time among Latino and White adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Positive outcomes associated with PGM are extended to weight status and related behaviors. Efforts at improving weight status and related behaviors could benefit from addressing general parenting practices with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay W Kim
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Jan L Wallander
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - John M Felt
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | | | - Mark A Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Adolescence effortful control as a mediator between family ecology and problematic substance use in early adulthood: A 16-year prospective study. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:1355-1369. [PMID: 29229017 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediated effect of early adolescence familial context on early adulthood problematic substance use through effortful control in late adolescence. The sample consisted of a community sample of 311 adolescents and their families comprising the control group within a randomized trial intervention. Parental monitoring and parent-child relationship quality (P-C RQ) were measured annually from ages 11 to 13. Effortful control was measured by self-reports and parent and teacher reports at ages 16 to 17. Self-reports of problematic tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were measured at ages 18 to 19, 21 to 22, 23 to 24, and 26 to 27. Structural equation modeling was employed to test hypothesized models. Only P-C RQ was found to be significantly associated with adolescent effortful control. As expected, higher levels of adolescent effortful control were associated with lower problematic substance use through early adulthood, controlling for previous substance use levels. Mediation analyses showed that effortful control significantly mediated the relationship between P-C RQ and problematic substance use. Higher relationship quality between youth and parents in early adolescence is associated with higher effortful control, which in turn relates to a lower level of problematic substance use in early adulthood.
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Bonnaire C, Phan O. Relationships between parental attitudes, family functioning and Internet gaming disorder in adolescents attending school. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:104-110. [PMID: 28535475 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
While recent data suggest a high prevalence of adolescent with Internet gaming disorder, little is known about interpersonal factors that contributes or protect to this disorder. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between parental attitudes, adolescent perception of family functioning and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and explore gender differences. From a sample of 434 adolescents attending school (n =434; age 13.2 years), 383 non-problematic gamers (NPG, 196 males; 187 females) were compared with 37 problematic gamers (PG, 29 males; 8 females). Family functioning was assessed with the Family Relationship Index and parental attitudes with a questionnaire measuring rules, access to video games, monitoring and banning of video games. NPG have a better family cohesion while PG have more family conflict and a poorer family relationship. While rules about gaming use are important in males, for females, banning is associated with IGD. For both sex, parental monitoring, conflicts and family relationship are associated with IGD. These findings highlight the strong influence of parental attitudes and family functioning on the occurrence of IGD in adolescents and their gender specificities. Thus, prevention programs need to take into account the importance of parents, parenting and gender specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bonnaire
- Paris Descartes University, Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Psychological Institute of Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Centre Pierre Nicole, Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs, Croix-Rouge Française, Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Phan
- Centre Pierre Nicole, Consultation Jeunes Consommateurs, Croix-Rouge Française, Paris, France; Unité Inserm 1108, Maison des Adolescents, Paris, France; Clinique Dupré Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Sceaux, France
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Sadler BE, Grant JD, Duncan AE, Sartor CE, Waldron M, Heath AC, Bucholz KK. The Influence of Paternal Separation, Paternal History of Alcohol Use Disorder Risk, and Early Substance Use on Offspring Educational Attainment by Young Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:426-434. [PMID: 28499110 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the associations among paternal alcohol problems, separation, and educational attainment in European American and African American offspring and whether offspring early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use influenced these associations. METHOD Families with offspring ages 13-19 years at intake were selected from state birth records and screened by telephone to determine high-risk or low-risk status (with/without paternal heavy drinking). Families of men with two or more driving-under-the-influence offenses were added as a very-high-risk group. Data from 340 African American and 288 European American offspring who were not enrolled in school at their last interview were analyzed. Educational attainment was modeled as less than high school, high school only (reference category), and some college or higher. Separation was defined as offspring report of not having lived continuously in the same household with their biological father from birth to age 14. Analyses were stratified by race. RESULTS In European Americans, neither family risk status nor early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use was associated with educational outcomes. However, paternal separation significantly elevated the likelihood of not completing high school in all models (relative risk ratios [RRRs] = 6.0-8.1, p <.001). For African American offspring, likelihoods of high school noncompletion were elevated marginally for paternal separation in only one model, but significantly for early marijuana use (RRRs = 2.8-3.2, p < .05). Very-high-risk status significantly reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in an adjusted model (RRR = 0.4, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS High school noncompletion was significantly associated with paternal separation in European Americans and with early marijuana use in African American offspring. In addition, very-high-risk status reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in African American offspring only, suggesting that research with ethnically diverse samples yields important differences when examining outcomes of both separation and substance use on offspring education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Sadler
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia D Grant
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mary Waldron
- Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Latendresse SJ, Ye F, Chung T, Hipwell A, Sartor CE. Parental Monitoring and Alcohol Use Across Adolescence in Black and White Girls: A Cross-Lagged Panel Mixture Model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1144-1153. [PMID: 28391598 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between parental monitoring and adolescent alcohol use is well established, but the directionality of this relationship is somewhat elusive. The literature suggests that parental engagement serves a protective function with respect to alcohol use, but that parental monitoring may also diminish in response to recurrent risk behavior. The lower rate of alcohol use despite evidence of lower levels of parental monitoring in Black versus White youth raises the question of for whom and under what conditions parental monitoring and alcohol use are associated. METHODS Data were drawn from a community sample of 1,634 female adolescents (954 Black, 680 White) from 4 age cohorts, assessed annually in an accelerated longitudinal design. This study uses data spanning ages 12 to 17; parental monitoring and alcohol use were assessed via self-report, while demographic and adolescent psychosocial risk factors were derived from parent reports when the girls were age 12. An autoregressive cross-lagged panel mixture model was used to identify discrete patterns of parental monitoring and alcohol use associations across adolescence, and psychosocial factors that differentiate between them. RESULTS Two discrete patterns of codeveloping alcohol use and parental monitoring emerged: one with stable bidirectional and autoregressive links (79%) and another differing from the majority profile in terms of the absence (alcohol use to parental monitoring) and direction (parental monitoring to alcohol use) of cross-construct influences (21%). Those in the minority profile were, at age 12, more likely to have received public assistance, resided in single-parent households, reached puberty, and manifest more severe conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS Identifying subgroups of girls with distinct patterns of codeveloping alcohol use and parental monitoring is particularly relevant to the development and implementation of family-level interventions, both in terms of targeting those with known demographic risk factors, and tailoring programs to address behavioral correlates, such as conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feifei Ye
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Spirito A, Hernandez L, Marceau K, Cancilliere MK, Barnett NP, Graves HR, Rodriguez AM, Knopik VS. Effects of a brief, parent-focused intervention for substance using adolescents and their sibling. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 77:156-165. [PMID: 28259500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Family Check-up (FCU), a parent-focused brief motivational intervention, in families where parents were concerned about one adolescent's alcohol or marijuana use and the referred adolescent also had a sibling close in age. The primary goal of the FCU was to provide individualized feedback on specific parenting skills, including monitoring and supervision, limit setting, and alcohol-related communication. A total of 92 adolescents (37 female) between the ages of 12-19years of age along with a sibling (48 female) between the ages of 11-21years old, were randomized to the FCU or a psychoeducation (PE) comparison condition. Findings indicated that the FCU did not produce better effects on alcohol and other drug use outcomes than the PE condition, in either the adolescent or sibling. Brief interventions addressing parenting behaviors may not be sufficient to reduce alcohol use in adolescent drinkers not referred due to an alcohol-related incident. Future research might be conducted to explore whether brief parent interventions, such as those in the present study, could be useful as a preventive intervention for parents whose teens report low levels of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Spirito
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Lynn Hernandez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West, Suite 204, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Mary Kathryn Cancilliere
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Hannah R Graves
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Ana Maria Rodriguez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West, Suite 204, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
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15
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Bares CB, Kendler KS, Maes HHM. Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:75-84. [PMID: 27427414 PMCID: PMC4983522 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although epidemiologic studies suggest low levels of cigarette use among African American adolescents relative to White U.S. adolescents, it is not known whether this may be due to racial differences in the relative contribution of genes and environment to cigarette use initiation and progression to regular use. METHODS Using data from White (n=2665) and African American (n=809) twins and full siblings sampled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents, we fitted age-, sex- and race-specific variance decomposition models to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on cigarette use initiation and cigarette use quantity in Whites and African Americans across adolescence and adulthood. We employ a causal-contingent-common pathway model to estimate the amount of variance explained in quantity of cigarettes smoked contingent on cigarette use initiation. RESULTS African Americans had lower cigarette use prevalence from adolescence through adulthood, and used cigarettes less heavily than Whites. Race-specific causal-contingent-common pathway models indicate that racial differences in genetic and environmental contributions to cigarette use initiation and cigarette use quantities are not present in adolescence but appear in young adulthood. Additive genetic factors were an important risk factor for cigarette use initiation for White but not African American young adults and adults. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and environmental contributions for cigarette use are similar by race in adolescence. In adulthood, genes have a stronger influence for cigarette use among White adolescents while the influence of the environment is minimal. For African Americans, both genetic and environmental influences are important in young adulthood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina B. Bares
- 1080 S. University, School of Social Work, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126
| | - Hermine H. M. Maes
- 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126
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16
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Raitasalo K, Holmila M. Practices in alcohol education among Finnish parents: Have there been changes between 2006 and 2012? DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1183587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Holmila
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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