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Defoe IN, van Gelder JL, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. Short-term mindsets show co-development with adolescent delinquency, but not with adolescent cannabis use. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:857-870. [PMID: 38859737 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Guided by General Theory of Crime and Psychosocial Maturity Hypothesis, we investigated co-development between short-term mindsets (impulsivity and future orientation) and risk behaviors (cannabis use and delinquency). Parallel process latent growth modeling on three-wave data from ethnically diverse Swiss adolescents (N = 1365; Mage 13.67 years, 48.6% female), showed baseline-level associations between short-term mindsets and risk behaviors, and between the two risk behaviors. Additionally, correlated change (co-development) existed between short-term mindsets-particularly impulsivity-and delinquency, but not between short-term mindsets and cannabis use. These results support the above-mentioned theories and emphasize the importance of investigating the correlates of change in delinquency and cannabis use separately, as divergent findings might emerge. These divergent findings could partially stem from Switzerland's liberal views on cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy N Defoe
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis van Gelder
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manuel Eisner
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Benner AD, Shen Y, Kloska DD. I need new friends! Changes in perceived peer drinking norms and developmental outcomes across the transition to college. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38992887 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated changes in proximal descriptive alcohol use norms from high school to college, social integration as a predictor of stable versus shifting peer norms, and the consequences of norm profile membership for developmental outcomes. Using data (N = 9753 12th grade students; 59% female; 80% White, 7% Black, 5% Hispanic, 5% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3% other races/ethnicities) from the Monitoring the Future panel study, we identified five distinct norm profiles-three stable profiles (high, moderate-high, and low) and two shifting profiles (increasing, declining)-that had unique patterns of perceived friend alcohol use norms. Social integration distinguished norm profile membership, and we observed particular detriments to outcomes for those in the stable high peer norm profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprile D Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah D Kloska
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tummala HP, Bies RR, Ramanathan M. Modelling the progression of illicit substance use patterns from real-world evidence. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:700-712. [PMID: 37997480 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate an innovative pharmacometrics approach that addresses the challenges of using real-world evidence to model the progression of illicit substance use. METHODS The modelling strategy analysed real-world data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (AddHealth) survey using survival analyses and differential equations. Respondents were categorized into drug-naïve, active users and nonusers. The transitions between categories were modelled using interval-censored parametric survival analysis. The resulting hazard rate functions were used as time-dependent rate constants in a differential equation system. Covariate models for sex and depression status were assessed. RESULTS AddHealth enrolled 6504 American teenagers (median age 16 years, range 11-21 years); this cohort was followed with five interviews over a 22-year period; the median age at the last interview was 38 years (range 34-45 years). The percentages of illicit drug users at Interviews 1-5 were 7.7%, 5.9%, 15.8%, 21.4% and 0.98%, respectively. The generalized gamma distribution emerged as the preferred model for the survival functions for transitions between categories. Age-dependent prevalence was obtained from the differential equation system. Active drug use was more prevalent in males, increased in adolescence and college years, peaked at 24 years, and decreased to low levels by 35 years. Depression, which was more frequent in females, increased the drug-naïve-active user transition rates but not the active user-nonuser and nonuser-active user transition rates. The evidence did not support an interaction between sex and depression. CONCLUSIONS The model provided a satisfactory approximation for the age-dependent progression of illicit substance use from preadolescence to early middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prabhath Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert R Bies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Trager BM, Morgan RM, Boyle SC, LaBrie JW. Do Changes in Parent-Student Phone Call and Text Message Communication During the Transition to College Predict First-Year Drinking and Consequences? A Prospective Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:823-831. [PMID: 37650836 PMCID: PMC10765973 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined (a) whether changes in parent-student phone call and text messaging communication during the transition into college are associated with alcohol use and related consequences, and (b) whether pre-matriculation drinking patterns predicted these changes in parent-student communication. METHOD First-year students (n = 246; M age [SD] = 17.91 [0.39] years; 61.8% female) participated in a longitudinal survey study as a part of a larger study. Before matriculation (Time 0), participants reported their drinking and whether they experienced alcohol consequences in the past 30 days. Approximately 1 month into their first semester (Time 1), participants reported if the frequency of their calling and texting their parents had decreased, remained the same, or increased since the start of college. Drinking and consequences were then reassessed 4 months later (Time 2). Analytic models evaluated (a) whether a decrease in calling and texting parents, as reported by students (compared with an increase or no change), predicted drinking outcomes, and (b) whether pre-college drinking (compared with nondrinking) predicted changes in communication. RESULTS Changes in phone calls and texting with mothers and fathers during the first month of college predicted alcohol use and consequences into the second semester. In addition, heavy drinking predicted lower odds of texting frequency with mothers staying the same or increasing. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores that consistent call or text communication with students during their transition into college could serve as a protective factor against alcohol risk. By closely monitoring such communication, parents may be better equipped to identify potential signs of risky drinking behavior in their first-year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Trager
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reed M. Morgan
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah C. Boyle
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph W. LaBrie
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
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5
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Páramo MF, Cadaveira F, Rodríguez MS. A 2-year follow-up of the effects of combined binge drinking and cannabis consumption on academic performance and adjustment in Spanish third-year university students. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1223597. [PMID: 37599769 PMCID: PMC10434773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1223597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was based on 2-year follow-up of the effects of binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption on academic performance and adjustment in Spanish Third-Year University Students and to further explore the impact of academic adjustment on this relationship. Methods A total of 144 students (aged 19-20 years) enrolled in the third year of university completed the study. The students were recruited during in first academic year (T1) via a survey that included items regarding the use of alcohol (AUDIT-C), cannabis and other drugs and demographic variables. Then, participants meeting the study criteria were then selected and invited by e-mail to a clinical (face-to face) structured interview. The participants completed a calendar of alcohol consumption during the 6 months prior to the interview (Alcohol Timeline Follow back), and recorded cannabis consumption in 3 months prior to the interview. To examine the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-consumption on the outcome variables, we categorized participants into three consumption groups (i.e., control, BD, and BDCA) based on the number of BD days and cannabis unit scores. Results Binge drinking and cannabis co-consumption in first-year students was significantly associated with poor academic performance and adjustment after 2 years of undergraduate study. Relative to controls, co-consumers (BDCA) reported significantly lower academic and personal-emotional adjustment to university as well as poorer performance. Mediation analysis showed that academic adjustment explains the mechanism by which BDCAs perform less well, mediating the relationship between co-consumption and academic performance, with an indirect effect representing 64.61% of the total effect. Furthermore, the mediating effect of academic adjustment was maintained after controlling for academic adjustment and baseline grade point average (T1). Conclusion This prospective follow-up study helps to further our knowledge of how combined binge drinking and cannabis consumption may affect university adjustment and academic success in Spanish university students Overall, the study results should encourage health professionals, educational psychologists and academic institutions to take ownership of the need for support and involvement in prevention, as well as for provision of guidelines for implementing appropriate intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Páramo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Soledad Rodríguez
- Department of Social, Basic Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Morgan RM, Trager BM, Boyle SC, LaBrie JW. An examination of the associations between depressive symptoms, perceived parental discipline, alcohol use, and drinking-related consequences during the first year of college: A moderated mediation model. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 13:100603. [PMID: 37576159 PMCID: PMC10421615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is associated with experiencing increased negative alcohol-related consequences; thus, it is imperative to identify malleable protective factors for alcohol risks in young adults experiencing elevated depressive symptoms. The current study longitudinally explored the effects of perceived parental alcohol-related discipline on the relationship between depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and negative drinking consequences during the transition into college. Methods Incoming college students (N = 272, 63.2% female) completed web-based surveys before (July, T1) and after (October, T2) the transition into college and reported depressive symptoms, perceived alcohol-related discipline, alcohol use, and consequences of drinking experienced in the past 30 days. Results The moderated mediation model revealed that at above average perceptions of alcohol-related discipline, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with alcohol use, which in turn was associated with experiencing fewer negative consequences of drinking. Limitations The current study did not measure a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and therefore our results may differ among clinical populations. In addition, we did not measure other parenting constructs shown to protect students with elevated levels of depressive symptoms from experiencing consequences (i.e., monitoring). Conclusions The present findings suggest perceptions of parental alcohol-related discipline measured here (e.g., having a privilege taken away, being scolded or grounded) can be protective against alcohol risks among college students experiencing above average depressive symptoms. Parent-based alcohol interventions administered prior to matriculation should encourage parents of depressed students to clearly communicate consequences for drinking to their child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed M. Morgan
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Bradley M. Trager
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Sarah C. Boyle
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Joseph W. LaBrie
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
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Arsandaux J, Boujut E, Salamon R, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Self-esteem in male and female college students: Does childhood/adolescence background matter more than young-adulthood conditions? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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8
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LaBrie JW, Boyle SC, Baez S, Trager BM, de Rutte JL, Tan CN, Earle AM. "Follow my Finsta": Drinking trajectories in relation to auxiliary Instagram accounts. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:749-757. [PMID: 34670108 PMCID: PMC9018868 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1906683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the burgeoning youth practice of possessing a fake, secondary Instagram account known as a "Finsta" in relation to exposure to alcohol-related content and college drinking. PARTICIPANTS First-year university students with at least a primary Instagram account (N = 296) completed online surveys. METHOD Surveys assessed whether participants did or did not have a Finsta pre-matriculation (T1), Instagram alcohol content exposure one month into college (T2), and alcohol use at T1 and near the end of the first year (T3). RESULTS Moderated mediation analysis revealed that having a Finsta at T1 was associated with greater exposure to alcohol-related posts at T2 and, for male but not female students, predicted heavier drinking at T3. CONCLUSION Findings are consistent with previous results suggesting that males may be more behaviorally impacted by peers' depictions of alcohol use on social media. This carries implications for social media-based intervention efforts targeting first-year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Baez
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Cara N Tan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Earle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Trager BM, Morgan RM, Boyle SC, LaBrie JW. Taking alcohol from one's parents' home without permission as a risk factor for greater alcohol and marijuana use during the transition into college. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107502. [PMID: 36191366 PMCID: PMC10317511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
While adolescents and underage emerging adults typically obtain alcohol from social sources (e.g., parents, friends, parties), taking alcohol from the home without permission is not well understood. The current study investigated plausible individual characteristics associated with taking alcohol from one's parents' home without permission and associations between taking alcohol and drinking, alcohol consequences, and marijuana use. Two cohorts of alcohol-experienced underage emerging adults (N = 562) completed a web-based survey pre-college matriculation. Participants reported sources of alcohol (friend, mother, father, party, took it from home); drinking; consequences; marijuana use (ever and past 30 days); age of alcohol initiation; symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; parental modeling of drinking; and demographic information. Results revealed that taking alcohol was significantly associated with several of the measures examined here (e.g., having obtained alcohol from friends, parents, and parties; earlier age of alcohol initiation; parental modeling of alcohol). Having taken alcohol from the home without permission and obtained it from friends were uniquely associated with increased odds of typical weekly drinking, consequences, and marijuana use in the past 30 days when controlling for all other variables assessed in this study (including drinking, in the consequences and marijuana models). Parent-based interventions targeting adolescents and emerging adults should inform parents of the risks associated with taking alcohol from the home and obtaining it from friends. Further, parents should also be informed that supplying their adolescent with alcohol or modeling drinking may increase the likelihood that they take alcohol from their home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States.
| | - Reed M Morgan
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychological Science, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States
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10
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Trager BM, Morgan RM, Boyle SC, Montiel Ishino FA, LaBrie JW. Capturing the bigger picture: A gestalt of general and alcohol-specific social media usage during the transition to college as a predictor of first-year alcohol use and consequences. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107472. [PMID: 36067637 PMCID: PMC9708092 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown a reliable association between social media (SM) use and drinking among college students. However, most studies have investigated SM behaviors (e.g., time spent on a platform, posting frequency) in isolation and on a single site. While some have studied multiple SM behaviors across platforms using person-centered approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis [LPA]), these studies have failed to take alcohol-related SM behaviors into account. This longitudinal study addressed this gap in the literature by using LPA to identify subpopulations of SM users during the college transition (N = 319; 62.1% female) using general (frequency of checking, time spent on, and frequency of posting to Instagram/Facebook/Snapchat; Finstagram ownership) and alcohol-related SM behaviors (posting alcohol, partying, and marijuana content). LPA results revealed three SM user profiles at baseline: low general use with low alcohol-related posting (LGU + LAP), high general use with low alcohol-related posting (HGU + LAP), and high general use with high alcohol-related posting (HGU + HAP). Prospective analyses revealed that HGU + HAP membership was associated with greater descriptive peer drinking norms, alcohol use, and consequences relative to HGU + LAP and LGU + LAP membership. Results suggest that there are distinct patterns of general and alcohol-related SM use during the college transition associated with risky drinking that can inform interventions combating SM-related alcohol risks. These findings illustrate the importance of investigating SM use holistically and suggests studying alcohol-related SM behaviors may reveal differences in individuals' alcohol risk that general SM behaviors might not capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA.
| | - Reed M Morgan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
| | - Francisco A Montiel Ishino
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
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Ganson KT, Lisi NE, O'Connor J, Nagata JM. Association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:171. [PMID: 36397125 PMCID: PMC9673326 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no known research has explored the link between binge eating and physical violence perpetration despite overlapping psychological constructs that underpin these behaviors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between binge eating and self-reported physical violence perpetration. METHODS Cross-sectional data from four survey years (2016-2020) of the national (U.S.) Healthy Minds Study (N = 6210) were analyzed. Unadjusted (Independent samples t test) and adjusted (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the associations between binge eating in the past four weeks and violence perpetration in the past 12 months, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The unadjusted mean number of days of binge eating was significantly higher among participants who reported physical violence perpetration (M = 2.6, SD = 5.2) compared to those who did not (M = 1.8, SD = 3.7). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that each additional day of binge eating was associated with 5% higher odds (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) of self-reported physical violence perpetration, while adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study are the first known to identify an association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students. Findings are supported by the potential mechanistic overlap of emotion regulation and impulsivity associated with both binge eating and violence perpetration, underscoring the need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole E Lisi
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia O'Connor
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16Th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Wojciechowski T. Borderline Personality Disorder as a Predictor of Drug Use Variety: Cognitive Vs. Affective Mechanisms. J Psychoactive Drugs 2022; 54:452-461. [PMID: 34856887 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.2009067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder has been identified as a risk factor for polydrug use. Despite this, there remains a lack of understanding of which characteristics of the disorder provide the mechanisms for this relationship. This study examined a set of constructs as mechanisms explaining the borderline personality disorder-polydrug use relationship that are divided into affective and cognitive categories. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct relationship between borderline personality disorder and test for attenuation of this direct effect. A bootstrap resampling process was used to estimate standard errors utilized to specify specific and total indirect effects of mechanism variables and their significance level. Results indicated that greater symptom severity of borderline personality disorder predicted increased drug use variety. This relationship was attenuated by 70% when hypothesized mechanisms were included and became nonsignificant. It appeared that this attenuation was mainly due to sensation-seeking. Findings indicate that interventions for individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder with polydrug use issues may find utility in structuring programming around mitigating sensation-seeking.
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13
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Ott MQ, Clark MA, Balestrieri SG, Gamarel KE, Barnett NP. Social Networks and Sexual and Gender Minority Disparities in Alcohol Use and Consequences Among First-Year College Students. LGBT Health 2022; 9:489-495. [PMID: 35727117 PMCID: PMC9587779 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2019.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this work, we investigate the association between social relationships and alcohol use and the related consequences of sexual and gender minority (SGM) college students, and we highlight the importance of SGM social networks as a potential protective factor among SGM college students. Methods: The study used data from 1340 students (47.2% White and non-Hispanic, 55.4% assigned female at birth, 16.3% SGM), which were collected during the 2016 fall semester of the first year of college at one university. The study collected information about alcohol use and related consequences and about the social networks of participants through a peer nomination survey. Results: Regardless of SGM status, students who nominated at least one SGM peer reported significantly lower drinks per week (β = -0.69, p = 0.04) and heavy drinking frequency (β = -0.38, p = 0.02) after adjusting for relevant covariates including peer drinking. SGM participants showed a significantly stronger negative association between having an SGM peer and heavy drinking frequency and alcohol-related consequences than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts (β = -0.90, p = 0.04; β = -1.32, p = 0.03). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of SGM social networks as a potential protective factor for reducing alcohol use and related consequences among SGM college students. College campuses should identify ways to support connections among SGM students. Clinical trials registration number is NCT02895984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Q. Ott
- Program in Statistical and Data Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa A. Clark
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sara G. Balestrieri
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kristi E. Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nancy P. Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Kim SY, Cho SI. Developmental trajectories of tobacco use and risk factors from adolescence to emerging young adulthood: a population-based panel study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1636. [PMID: 36038859 PMCID: PMC9425982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence to young adulthood is a critical developmental period that determines lifelong patterns of tobacco use. We examined the longitudinal trajectories of tobacco use, and risk factors for its use, and explored the association between the trajectories of mobile phone dependency and smoking throughout the life-course among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Data of 1,723 subjects (853 boys and 870 girls) were obtained from six waves of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (mean age = 13.9-19.9 years). To identify trajectories of smoking and mobile phone dependency, group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was conducted. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the trajectory groups. RESULTS GBTM identified four distinct smoking trajectories: never smokers (69.1%), persistent light smokers (8.7%), early established smokers (12.0%), and late escalators (10.3%). Successful school adjustment decreased the risk of being an early established smoker (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.78). The number of days not supervised by a guardian after school was positively associated with the risk of being an early established smoker (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.23-3.13). Dependency on mobile phones throughout the life-course was positively associated with the risk of being a persistent light smoker (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.32-12.34) or early established smoker (OR 8.18, 95% CI 4.04-16.56). CONCLUSIONS Based on the group-based modeling approach, we identified four distinctive smoking trajectories and highlight the long-term effects of mobile phone dependency, from early adolescence to young adulthood, on smoking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeon Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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del V. Vera B, Carmona-Márquez J, González-Ponce BM, Fernández-Calderón F. Peer drinking and alcohol use. The role of risk perception, perceived vulnerability, and gender: a moderated moderation analyses. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén del V. Vera
- Faculty of Psychology, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Institute of Psychological Research, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Carmona-Márquez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Fermín Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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16
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Ho SWC, WONG YL, Chung PH. A cross-sectional survey: Exploring future healthcare workers' intention to use cannabis through extended theory of planned behavior. Front Public Health 2022; 10:929016. [PMID: 36072368 PMCID: PMC9443428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.929016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most extensively abused drug, leading to multiple health burdens such as traffic accidents and psychosis. There is a global wave of legalization of recreational and medical cannabis. This study aimed to understand future healthcare workers' intention to use cannabis through extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). An online cross-sectional survey on cannabis, including validated survey tools and questions on demographics, knowledge, and constructs of the TPB was designed, and distributed during virtual classes in late 2020. Responses were obtained from the Faculty of Medicine of a local university. Nine hundred ninety-six responses were collected, of which 629 were complete and analysed. Age was the only demographic variable associated with cannabis use intention (p = 0.029). Respondents with intention had better knowledge of cannabis. All TPB and additional constructs, including perceived behavioral control (COR = 3.44, 95% CI 2.72-4.35, p < 0.001), descriptive norm (COR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.81-2.77, p < 0.001), injunctive norm (COR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.42-0.61, p < 0.001), attitude (COR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.28, p < 0.001), knowledge (COR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.14), and perceived availability (COR = 2.75, 95% CI 2.22-3.40, p < 0.001) were individually associated with intention. In the final multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, only attitude (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.25, p < 0.001) and perceived availability (p = 0.004) showed statistically significant associations with intention. Descriptive norm (standardized coefficient = 0.570) had better explanatory power than the injunctive norm (standardized coefficient = -0.143) in the model. Perceived behavioral control was associated with intention among respondents with negative to neutral attitudes towards cannabis (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.63-3.77, p < 0.001), but not among those with positive attitudes. All TPB constructs positively correlated with the intention to use cannabis. Changing the attitudes and perceived control on cannabis use may be useful in preventing cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Wing Cherelle Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Sze Wing Cherelle Ho
| | - Yuen Lung WONG
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Hong Chung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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An examination of the joint effects of adolescent interpersonal styles and parenting styles on substance use. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1125-1143. [PMID: 33446290 PMCID: PMC8280252 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined how parenting and adolescent interpersonal styles jointly influence youths' abilities to form close relationships - a central developmental milestone - yet avoid substance use, which predominantly occurs in the presence of peers. Nine annual waves from an adolescent sample (N = 387) were used to assess (a) combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles from early to middle adolescence using longitudinal latent profile analysis, (b) the validity of these profiles on indicators of adjustment, and (c) the relationships between the profiles and growth in substance use across adolescence as well as substance-related consequences in late adolescence. The results supported five distinct combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles, and validity analyses identified both risk and protective profiles. The protective profile submissive-communal interpersonal style + high-warmth-authoritative parenting style was associated with indicators of positive social adjustment (e.g., friendship quality, resistance to peer influence) as well as lower levels of substance use. Significant differences also emerged with respect to substance-related consequences. The findings of this study highlight how combinations of adolescent interpersonal style and parenting render adolescents more or less successful at navigating peer relationships while avoiding substance use behaviors.
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18
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Kelley-Quon LI, Cho J, Barrington-Trimis J, Kipke MD, Clapp JD, Krueger EA, Leventhal AM. Longitudinal trajectories of prescription opioid misuse in adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109470. [PMID: 35504242 PMCID: PMC10027390 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent misuse of prescription opioids is hazardous. This study aimed to generate data on prescription opioid misuse trajectories across adolescence and identify risk factors and mechanisms for more dangerous use trajectories. METHODS Using a prospective longitudinal cohort repeated measures design, baseline (Fall 2013) and seven semiannual assessments were administered through Spring 2017 in 10 public high schools in Los Angeles, CA. Frequency of past 30-day prescription opioid misuse was captured. Trajectory groups were identified using growth mixture modeling and multinomial logistic regression identified associations between baseline risk factors with membership in each trajectory group. RESULTS Overall, 3395 students were evaluated (53.4% female, Mean [SD] age at baseline=14.58[0.40]; range=12.83-16.29). Four discrete misuse trajectories were identified among 1062 students: (1) Minimal/Experimental (infrequent time-limited use; range of estimated mean number of days using prescription opioid across waves=0.0-0.6 days]; N = 705[20.8%]); (2) Low Deescalating (range=2.0-0.7 days; N = 189[5.6%]); (3) Moderate Escalating (range=0.7-3.6 days; N = 108[3.2%]); and (4) Frequent Persistent (range=4.7-9.4 days; N = 60[1.8%]). Students reporting tobacco, cannabis, alcohol use, or impulsivity in 9th grade were more likely to demonstrate membership in the Moderate Escalating trajectory class when compared to 2333 (68.7%) students reporting sustained abstinence. Female sex, peer opioid misuse, alcohol use, other substance use, impulsivity, or delinquent behavior reported in 9th grade was associated with membership in the Frequent Persistent trajectory class. CONCLUSIONS Prescription opioid misuse in adolescence appears to follow 4 discrete trajectories, including the potentially problematic Moderate Escalating and Frequent Persistent trajectories. Female sex, peer influences, substance use, and intrapersonal risk factors were associated with membership in these classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine I Kelley-Quon
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michele D Kipke
- Division of Research on Children, Youth and Families, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Clapp
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evan A Krueger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Busto Miramontes A, Moure-Rodríguez L, Regueira A, Varela L, Corral M, Figueiras A, Caamano-Isorna F. Analysis of AUDIT Domains in Freshman Students in Spain: Three Cross-Sectional Surveys (2005, 2012 and 2016). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137799. [PMID: 35805458 PMCID: PMC9266132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate changes in the frequency of drinking, alcohol dependence and alcohol-related harm in freshman college students from 2005, 2012 and 2016, and identify risk-associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 5009 freshman students was carried out in Spain in 2005, 2012 and 2016. The Dimensions of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (frequency of drinking, symptoms of dependence and alcohol-related harm) was analysed. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using negative binomial regression. Results: Place of residence, positive expectancies and early onset of alcohol consumption continue to be crucial conditions for developing patterns of risky consumption, alcohol dependence and harm. Women and men were more vulnerable to alcohol harm and dependence when living away from home, having higher economic status and positive alcohol expectancies. Cohorts from 2012 and 2016 were at lower risk of risky alcohol consumption. Men belonging to the 2012 and 2016 cohorts were at lower risk of alcohol negative consequences compared with the 2005 cohort. However, women remained vulnerable over time to alcohol dependence and harm. Starting drinking after 16 protects them both from alcohol dependence and harm. Conclusions: Women are more vulnerable to alcohol dependence and harm in recent cohorts of freshmen. Limiting access to alcohol at a younger age and working on false positive expectancies could benefit freshmen by avoiding alcohol damage and alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Busto Miramontes
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Regueira
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
| | - Leonor Varela
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Caamano-Isorna
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.M.-R.); (A.R.); (L.V.); (A.F.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Jogo de tabuleiro sobre drogas psicoativas para pessoas com deficiência visual. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2022. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2022ao0305345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pritschmann RK, Gebru NM, Litt DM, Zhou Z, Lewis MA. Are Drinking Cognitions Associated with Marijuana and Concurrent Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adolescents and Young Adults? CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2022; 5:59-74. [PMID: 36937543 PMCID: PMC10021335 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Concurrent use of alcohol and marijuana (i.e., CAM use) is the most common poly-drug use pattern among adolescents and young adults and is associated with negative outcomes. Research indicates that Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) drinking cognitions are associated with alcohol use. This secondary analysis was conducted to explore cross-sectional associations between PWM drinking cognitions, alcohol, marijuana, and CAM use. Methods Adolescents and young adults between 15-25 years (N = 124, M age = 18.7) completed a baseline assessment as part of a larger study, including questions on alcohol and marijuana use, and PWM drinking cognitions. Results In the social reaction pathway, descriptive norms, perceived vulnerability, and prototype favorability, but not willingness were associated with greater alcohol use, whereas in the reasoned pathway attitudes and intentions were associated with frequency of drinking whereas injunctive norms were not. Both willingness and intention to drink were related to marijuana and CAM use when controlling for alcohol use frequency. Greater willingness to drink was the only significant predictor of marijuana use, and only descriptive norms predicted CAM use. However, of the cognitions within the reasoned pathway, greater attitudes toward drinking and drinking intention were related to greater marijuana and CAM use. Results also indicated that CAM users displayed higher levels of certain risk cognitions than non-users or single substance users. Conclusions Findings support and extend the utility of the PWM by indicating that specific alcohol cognitions are associated with alcohol, marijuana, and CAM use in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda K. Pritschmann
- University of Florida, Department of Health Education & Behavior, Gainesville FL
- University of Florida Center for Addiction Research and Education, Gainesville FL
- University of Florida Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville FL
| | - Nioud Mulugeta Gebru
- University of Florida, Department of Health Education & Behavior, Gainesville FL
- University of Florida Center for Addiction Research and Education, Gainesville FL
- University of Florida Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research, Gainesville FL
- University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Gainesville FL
| | - Dana M. Litt
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Melissa A. Lewis
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX
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22
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Berg CJ, Windle M, Dodge T, Cavazos-Rehg P, Yang YT, Ma Y, Haardörfer R. Marijuana Use and Increases in Use over Time among Young Adult College Students in the State of Georgia: Analyses of Sociocontexual Predictors. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:350-359. [PMID: 34913832 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research has assessed correlates of marijuana use, there has been less focus on predictors of differing levels of changes in use during young adulthood, a critical period for use/escalation. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in marijuana use and related sociocontextual predictors (e.g., earlier-onset substance use, parental use, college type). METHODS Using data from Georgia college students (ages 18-25 years) in a 2-year, 6-wave longitudinal study (64.6% female, 63.4% White), 2-part random-effects modeling examined use at any assessment and number of days used. RESULTS Predictors of use status at any assessment included being male (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = [1.28-2.73]), Black (OR = 1.91, 95%CI = [1.15-3.19]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = [1.70-4.06]), cigarette (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = [1.19-3.48]), and alcohol users (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.00-2.22]), parental tobacco (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = [1.18-3.86]) and/or alcohol use (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = [1.09-2.20]), and attending private (vs. public) institutions (OR = 1.68, 95%CI = [1.10-2.59]). Predictors of lower likelihood of use over time included being male (OR = 0.87, 95%CI = [0.77-0.98]), earlier-onset cigarette use (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = [0.68-0.98]), parental alcohol use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.77-0.97]), and private institution students (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = [1.02-1.34]). Predictors of more days used at baseline included being male (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = [1.40-2.23]), Black (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = [1.04-1.93]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.32, 95%CI = [1.78-3.01]) and alcohol users (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = [1.01-1.66]), and parental tobacco use (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = [1.32-2.73]). Predictors of fewer days used over time included being older (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = [0.97-1.00]), parental tobacco use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.78-0.95]), and attending private institutions (OR = 0.89, 95%CI = [0.83-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts can be informed by current findings that correlates of baseline use (e.g., being male, attending private institutions) also predicted less use over time, and one's earlier use and parents' use of various substances impacted young adult use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tonya Dodge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Y Tony Yang
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, School of Nursing, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Targeting maladaptive reactivity to negative affect in emerging adults with cannabis use disorder: A preliminary test and proof of concept. Behav Res Ther 2022; 150:104032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol and cannabis are the most commonly used substances during adolescence and are typically initiated during this sensitive neurodevelopmental period. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent literature focused on understanding how these substances affect the developing brain. SEARCH METHODS Articles included in this review were identified by entering 30 search terms focused on substance use, adolescence, and neurodevelopment into MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they longitudinally examined the effect of adolescent alcohol and/or cannabis use on structural or functional outcomes in 50 or more participants. SEARCH RESULTS More than 700 articles were captured by the search, and 43 longitudinal studies met inclusion criteria, including 18 studies focused on alcohol use, 13 on cannabis use, and 12 on alcohol and cannabis co-use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Existing studies suggest heavy alcohol and cannabis use during adolescence are related to small to moderate disruptions in brain structure and function, as well as neurocognitive impairment. The effects of alcohol use include widespread decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness across time; slowed white matter growth and poorer integrity; disrupted network efficiency; and poorer impulse and attentional control, learning, memory, visuospatial processing, and psychomotor speed. The severity of some effects is dependent on dose. Heavy to very heavy cannabis use is associated with decreased subcortical volume and increased frontoparietal cortical thickness, disrupted functional development, and decreased executive functioning and IQ compared to non-using controls. Overall, co-use findings suggest more pronounced effects related to alcohol use than to cannabis use. Several limitations exist in the literature. Sample sizes are relatively small and demographically homogenous, with significant heterogeneity in substance use patterns and methodologies across studies. More research is needed to clarify how substance dosing and interactions between substances, as well as sociodemographic and environmental factors, affect outcomes. Larger longitudinal studies, already underway, will help clarify the relationship between brain development and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Twelve-Month Stability of a Brief FFM Measure and Validity of Its Impulsigenic Facets. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wojciechowski T. Relevance of the dual systems model for predicting drug/alcohol dependence in early adulthood among previously adjudicated young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108876. [PMID: 34225226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the dual system model has been found to have utility for predicting drug use, examinations have yet to extend to the clinically relevant issue of drug/alcohol dependence. This study sought to provide better understanding of how the dual systems model constructs (impulse control and sensation-seeking) predicted risk for drug/alcohol dependence in early adulthood among a sample of young adults who were adjudicated for a serious offense as minors. METHODS Data from several waves of the Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. Logistic regression was used to model covariate effects on drug/alcohol dependence risk. RESULTS Findings indicated that lower impulse control predicted increased odds of meeting criteria for drug/alcohol dependence in early adulthood. Sensation-seeking was not a significant predictor of drug/alcohol dependence risk at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Lower impulse control was predictive of drug/alcohol dependence risk. Prevention programming should seek to boost impulse control during adolescence to mitigate this risk and treatment programming should focus on impulse control training in order to treat drug/alcohol dependence in inpatient and outpatient contexts.
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Litt DM, Lowery A, LoParco C, Lewis MA. Alcohol-related cognitions: Implications for concurrent alcohol and marijuana use and concurrent alcohol and prescription stimulant misuse among young adults. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106946. [PMID: 33866222 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the associations between alcohol-related cognitions within the social reaction pathway of the Prototype Willingness Model and concurrent (use of two or more substances within a specified time period) use of 1) alcohol and marijuana and 2) alcohol and prescription stimulant misuse. METHODS A convenience sample of 1,062 emerging adults in the U.S. (18-20 years old; 54.5% female) who reported past 3-month alcohol use completed a baseline survey as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. RESULTS Results indicate that controlling for age, biological sex, race, ethnicity, and college enrollment, perceived descriptive norms and willingness to drink were associated with past 3-month concurrent alcohol and marijuana use and concurrent alcohol and prescription stimulant misuse. However, alcohol prototype similarity and alcohol-related perceived vulnerability were not associated with either concurrent use outcome examined. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that alcohol-related perceived descriptive norms and willingness to drink are associated with concurrent substance use among young adults. Thus, it is possible that existing efficacious alcohol interventions that target descriptive norms and willingness to drink may have the added benefit of also reducing concurrent substance cognitions and ultimately use.
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Velki T, Milić M. STRESS AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS AND ONLINE RISKY BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS. PRIMENJENA PSIHOLOGIJA 2021. [DOI: 10.19090/pp.2021.2.149-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: the aim of the study was to examine the mediating role of stress in associations between online risky behavior and three factors, namely, real-life risky behaviors and information security awareness as risk factors, and life satisfaction as a protective factor. Method: participants were university students (N=883, 40.5% male, and 59.5% female) with an average age of M=21.93 years (SD=4.29). They filled out the Users’ Information Security Awareness Questionnaire, Youth self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors questionnaire, Life satisfaction scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Result: Mediational analysis revealed a mediating role of stress: stress had a partially mediating role in the association between real-life risky behaviors and online risky behavior, making the association stronger. However, stress had a fully mediating role in the association between life satisfaction and online risky behavior, that is, the association was non-significant in the presence of stress. Conclusions: Overall results indicate that stress experienced in real-life situations can be a trigger for online risky behavior in adolescents. Under stressed conditions, adolescents choose to focus on negative outcomes more frequently because they refocus their cognitive resources on emotion regulation and leave inhibitory processes necessary to prevent risky behaviors uncontrolled.
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Mitchell Ba BJ, Aurora Ba P, Coifman Phd KG. Personality or pathology? Predictors of early substance use in first-year college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34243686 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to examine the dual role of personality and psychopathology in predicting substance use among first-year students. PARTICIPANTS 103 first-semester undergraduate students were recruited via the university subject pool. METHODS Participants completed personality questionnaires, structured clinical interviews, followed by the completion of diary entries each week reporting on substance use throughout their first semester. RESULTS Results indicated that a past diagnosis of an affective (mood/anxiety/stress) disorder was the most significant predictor of substance use. Personality and current psychopathology had no association to substance use. CONCLUSION This finding is consistent with developmental models of substance use relating to emotion-related disease and suggests that greater nuance is needed in understanding substance use risk in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pallavi Aurora Ba
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Karin G Coifman Phd
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Pilatti A, Prince MA, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Mezquita L, Pautassi RM. Cannabis-Related Perceptions as Mediators of the Association Between Trait Impulsivity and Cannabis Outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:522-535. [PMID: 34343085 PMCID: PMC8356788 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Normative perceptions have been shown to mediate the effect of personality traits on cannabis outcomes. We examined descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of cannabis in college life as possible mediators of the association between impulsivity-related traits (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, perseverance, and premeditation) and cannabis outcomes (i.e., frequency of cannabis use and negative consequences) among college students from five countries. METHOD A total of 1,175 college students (United States, n = 698; Argentina, n = 153; Spain, n = 178; Uruguay, n = 79; and Netherlands, n = 67) who were also cannabis users (i.e., reported cannabis use at least once within the previous month) completed an online survey. We used path analysis to test whether the proposed double-mediated paths (impulsivity-like traits→perceived cannabis norms→cannabis use frequency→negative cannabis-related consequences) were invariant across countries/cultures. RESULTS Cannabis-related perceptions, particularly college cannabis beliefs and injunctive norms, significantly mediated the association between impulsivity and cannabis outcomes. Two significant double-mediated paths, which were invariant across sex and countries, were found: (a) higher positive urgency→higher endorsement of internalized norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences and (b) higher sensation seeking→higher endorsement of injunctive norms→higher cannabis use frequency→more negative cannabis-related consequences. CONCLUSIONS The study corroborates previous findings on normative perceptions mediating the effects of impulsivity-like traits on cannabis outcomes and suggests that these processes may operate similarly among college student cannabis users in different legal and cultural contexts. The findings highlight the need to address internalized norms and suggest these normative perceptions may be a good intervention candidate to reduce cannabis use/consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mark A. Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Adrian J. Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | - Matthew R. Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentinaº
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Ganson KT, Murray SB, Nagata JM. Associations between eating disorders and illicit drug use among college students. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1127-1134. [PMID: 33638571 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations between a positive eating disorder screen and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and illicit drug use among a large, diverse sample of college students. METHOD We analyzed data from the national (United States), cross-sectional 2018-2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS; n = 42,618; response rate: 16%). HMS collects information on the physical, mental, and social health of college students. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between a positive eating disorder screen (measured using the SCOFF) and any self-reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and self-reported illicit drug use in the past 30 days (any illicit drug use and use of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, stimulants, ecstasy, opioids, benzodiazepines), while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among the sample, 54.34% (n = 28,608) were female and the mean age of participants was 23.30 (SE ± 0.05) years. Logistic regression analyses revealed unique associations between a positive eating disorder screen and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and illicit drug use among the sample of college student participants. A positive eating disorder screen was most strongly associated with methamphetamine use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43-10.78), and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis was most strongly associated with benzodiazepine use (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.28-5.13). DISCUSSION Illicit drug use is common among college students who screen positive for an eating disorder and report any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. The co-occurring nature of eating disorders and illicit drug use may complicate treatment and lead to compounded adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Larimer ME, Witkiewitz K, Schwebel FJ, Lee CM, Lewis MA, Kilmer JR, Andersson C, Johnsson K, Dillworth T, Fossos-Wong N, Pace T, Grazioli VS, Berglund M. An International Comparison of a Web-Based Personalized Feedback Intervention for Alcohol use During the Transition out of High School in the United States and Sweden. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 22:670-682. [PMID: 33817755 PMCID: PMC8244651 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Young adult drinkers engage in a range of drinking patterns from abstaining to heavy drinking in both the United States and Sweden. Heavy drinking during young adulthood in both countries is associated with a variety of negative consequences. Personalized feedback interventions have been identified as effective prevention strategies to prevent or reduce heavy drinking in the United States. This study examined transitions in drinking profiles and compared the efficacy of a personalized feedback intervention for 3965 young adults in the United States (1,735) and Sweden (2230) during their transition out of high school. Using goodness-of-fit criteria, results indicated that three drinking profiles exist among young adults transitioning out of high school: very low drinkers/abstainers, moderate to heavy drinkers, and very heavy drinkers. Latent Markov models revealed a moderating effect of country on personalized feedback intervention such that intervention condition participants in the United States were more likely to belong to the light drinker/abstainer or moderate to heavy profile relative to the very heavy drinking profile at 6-month follow-up. There was no significant effect of personalized feedback intervention in Sweden. Future research could investigate the impact of when personalized feedback interventions are administered and could examine if personalized feedback interventions should be more intentionally culturally adapted in order to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology and Center On Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220 Logan Hall 118, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Frank J Schwebel
- Department of Psychology and Center On Alcohol, Substance Use, And Addictions, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220 Logan Hall 118, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jason R Kilmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Claes Andersson
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kent Johnsson
- Department of Social Work, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiara Dillworth
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359740, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicole Fossos-Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Timothy Pace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Véronique S Grazioli
- Department of Community Medicine and Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th St, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Mats Berglund
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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Dash GF, Martin NG, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Slutske WS. Typologies of illicit drug use in mid-adulthood: a quasi-longitudinal latent class analysis in a community-based sample of twins. Addiction 2021; 116:1101-1112. [PMID: 33463859 PMCID: PMC7882637 DOI: 10.1111/add.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify drug use typologies based on substances used and persistence of use over two time points, use a genetically informed design to explore twin concordance of and genetic influence on the use typologies and compare patterns of declined/discontinued ("desistant") and persistent drug use on drug use correlates. DESIGN Latent class analysis was applied to data from a cross-sectional self-report survey on current and past drug use. Use characteristics, use disorder, and psychiatric problems were compared across classes. SETTING Computer-assisted telephone interview in respondents' homes. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3785 individual twins and siblings (1365 men, 2420 women; Mage = 32) from the Australian Twin Registry Cohort III. MEASUREMENTS A comprehensive interview assessed prior to past year and past year use of cannabis, stimulants, cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, inhalants, dissociatives, and solvents; age of first use; opportunity to use; peer drug use; attention deficit/hyperactivity, conduct, antisocial personality, depressive, and substance use disorders; and suicidality. FINDINGS A five-class solution emerged: no/low use (50%), desistant cannabis use (23%), desistant party drug use (18%), persistent prescription drug misuse (4%), and persistent polydrug use (5%). Twin concordances were higher among monozygotic (k = 0.30-0.35) than dizygotic pairs (same-sex k = 0.19-0.20; opposite sex k = 0.07), and biometric modeling suggested that the persistent polydrug use class, in particular, was highly heritable (a2 = 0.94). Conduct disorder (OR = 2.40), antisocial personality disorder (OR = 3.27), and suicidal ideation (OR = 1.98) increased persistent polydrug use risk; depression (OR = 2.38) and lifetime suicide attempt (OR = 2.31) increased persistent prescription misuse risk. Relative to persistent prescription drug misuse, persistent polydrug use was associated with higher rates of cannabis and stimulant use disorder (OR = 6.14-28.01), younger first substance use (OR = 0.82-0.83), more drug use opportunity (OR = 10.66-66.06), and more drug-using peers (OR = 4.66-9.20). CONCLUSIONS Unique patterns of declined/discontinued ("desistant") and persistent drug use are differentially heritable and differentially associated with risk factors, psychiatric symptoms, and substance use disorder outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F. Dash
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Wendy S. Slutske
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Busto Miramontes A, Moure-Rodríguez L, Mallah N, Díaz-Geada A, Corral M, Cadaveira F, Caamaño-Isorna F. Alcohol Consumption among Freshman College Students in Spain: Individual and Pooled Analyses of Three Cross-Sectional Surveys (2005, 2012 and 2016). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052548. [PMID: 33806681 PMCID: PMC7967529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate changes in the prevalence of Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) and Risky Consumption (RC) in freshman college students between 2005, 2012 and 2016; and to identify the explanatory variables of these patterns of consumption using individual and pooled analyses. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 5260 students was carried out in Spain in 2005, 2012 and 2016. HED and RC were determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Another questionnaire was used to measure parental education level and alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, age of onset of alcohol use and alcohol-related expectancies. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of RC and HED and their 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Results: An increase in the prevalence rates of HED and RC was observed among women during the three-study periods, nonetheless there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence rates among men. High maternal educational level, living away from parental home, initiating drinking before the age of 15 and having positive expectancies about drinking are associated with higher prevalence of RC in both genders. High positive expectancies and early onset of alcohol use are associated with higher rates of HED among men and women. Students recruited in 2012 and 2016 are protected against RC in comparison to those recruited in 2005. Conclusions: The age of alcohol consumption onset is the most influencing factor on HED and RC for both genders in the three-study periods. Alcohol prevention campaigns targeting youth at early ages can reduce risky drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Busto Miramontes
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Narmeen Mallah
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Díaz-Geada
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Caamaño-Isorna
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang S, Wu S, Wu Q, Durkin DW, Marsiglia FF. Adolescent drug use initiation and transition into other drugs: A retrospective longitudinal examination across race/ethnicity. Addict Behav 2021; 113:106679. [PMID: 33032193 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding adolescent drug use mechanisms is critical for drug use prevention. Although some theories such as the gateway theory suggest that drug users gradually transition into using more addictive drugs, there is no consensus about such a hypothesis. One important factor that hinders the advancement of knowledge in this area is the scarcity of longitudinal studies examining the type of drugs adolescents initially use and the different pathways adolescents take to transition into using other drugs as they grow older. METHODS Using the pooled sample of adolescent dug users (14-17 years old; n = 10,644) from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2018), we constructed longitudinal data on adolescents' illicit drug use history other than the use of tobacco and alcohol based on the age of drug initiation. This allowed us to investigate what drugs were initially used by adolescents, how the use of these drugs may have progressed into a new drug, and whether there were racial/ethnic differences in the initiation and progression. The retrospective longitudinal data analyses applied life table method and Cox regression models. RESULTS Two thirds of the adolescent drug users initiated their drug use trajectories with marijuana, one quarter with inhalants, and the remaining with hallucinogens, prescription drugs, and hard drugs. Adolescent drug users who initiated with different drugs showed unique trajectories to the use of a new drug. By year 8, the probability of using a new drug was about 40% and 70% to 80% for adolescents who initiated with inhalants and other drugs, respectively. The probability of using a new drug for adolescents who initiated with marijuana and inhalants accumulated stably over time, and its difference with that of other drug users diminished over time. The multivariate Cox regression models suggest the observed discrepancies generally held after controlling for covariates. There were also racial/ethnic differences in adolescent drug use initiation and progression, with Black/African American adolescents being the least likely to switch to the use of a new drug. CONCLUSION Adolescents' initial use of marijuana and inhalants may lead to substantial risks of using other drugs over time. It is therefore important to screen adolescent drug use comprehensively and provide early interventions to prevent an escalation to more detrimental drugs. The findings provide new evidence to support aspects of both the gateway and generalized risk drug use theories.
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Romm KF, West CD, Berg CJ. Mode of Marijuana Use among Young Adults: Perceptions, Use Profiles, and Future Use. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1765-1775. [PMID: 34294001 PMCID: PMC8693385 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1949724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given changes in marijuana regulations, retail, and products and potential impact on use, we examined young-adult perceptions of different modes of use, the proportion using via different modes (e.g. smoking, vaping, ingesting), and associations with the use levels and stability of use over time. METHODS We analyzed baseline and one-year follow-up survey data (Fall 2018-2019) among 3,006 young adults (ages 18-34) across six metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle). Measures included marijuana use frequency and mode, sociodemographics, other substance use, and social influences. RESULTS Participants' rated the following modes of use as: least harmful/addictive: topicals, oral pills, joint/bowl; most socially acceptable: joint/bowl, edibles/beverages, vaporized; and most harmful/addictive and least acceptable: wrapped, vaped, or waterpipe/bong with tobacco. Baseline past-month use prevalence was 39.2% (n = 1,178). Most frequent use mode was smoking (joints/bowls/cigar papers; 54.0%), vaping (21.8%), via pipe/bong (15.1%), and ingesting (9.1%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that participants in states with legalized marijuana retail were at greater odds for using via modes other than smoking; participants more frequently using were at greater odds for using via pipe/bong (vs. smoking) (ps < .001). Regarding most frequent mode across time, most consistent was pipe/bong (53.3%), followed by smoking (49.3%), vaping (44.5%), and ingesting (32.9%). Past-month abstinence at follow-up was most common among those originally ingesting (34.3% abstinent), followed by smoking (23.6%), vaping (18.8%), and pipe/bong (14.8%). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing surveillance is needed to understand marijuana use patterns over time across different user groups (particularly by mode) and to inform interventions promoting abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carly D West
- Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Drazdowski TK, Kliewer WL, Marzell M. College students' using marijuana to sleep relates to frequency, problematic use, and sleep problems. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:103-112. [PMID: 31498749 PMCID: PMC7061072 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1656634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the rising rates of insufficient sleep and the popularity of marijuana, we investigated using marijuana as a sleep aid, marijuana use frequency, problematic marijuana use, and sleep problems. Participants: Participants included a convenience sample of college students who endorsed using marijuana in the past year from May to December 2013 (N = 354; 68% female, 57% White). Methods: Path analyses investigated if using marijuana to sleep predicted: (1) marijuana use outcomes and (2) sleep problems; and if sleep problems predicted marijuana use outcomes. Results: Using marijuana to sleep was related to increased use and problematic use, as well as worse sleep efficiency. Daytime dysfunction related to sleepiness was associated with elevated levels of marijuana use and problematic use. Similar associations were found across sex and race. Conclusions: College students should be informed of the potential misconceptions between marijuana and improved sleep and provided with evidence-based alternatives to improve their sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess K. Drazdowski
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd., Eugene, OR 97401
| | - Wendy L. Kliewer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, PO Box 842018, Richmond VA 23284
| | - Miesha Marzell
- Binghamton University, Department of Social Work, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000
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Prowse R, Sherratt F, Abizaid A, Gabrys RL, Hellemans KGC, Patterson ZR, McQuaid RJ. Coping With the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining Gender Differences in Stress and Mental Health Among University Students. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:650759. [PMID: 33897499 PMCID: PMC8058407 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.650759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a wide variety of unprecedented challenges, many of which appear to be disproportionately affecting the mental health and well-being of young adults. While there is evidence to suggest university students experience high rates of mental health disorders, less is known about the specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and how they are coping with this stress. To address this gap, we conducted an online study among undergraduate students (n = 366) to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academics, social isolation, and mental health, as well as the extent to which they have been implementing a variety of coping strategies. The pandemic had a more pronounced negative effect on female students' academics, social isolation, stress and mental health compared to male counterparts. Moreover, for females, frequent use of social media as a coping mechanism was associated with greater perceived negative impacts on their academic performance and stress levels, compared to males. However, frequent social media use related to similar negative mental health effects for both males and females. While male and female students both reported using substances to cope, for males the use of cannabis was associated with greater negative impacts on academic outcomes, stress and mental health compared to females. These findings highlight the need for adequate student support services across the post-secondary sector, and point to the importance of gender informed interventions to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Prowse
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frances Sherratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert L Gabrys
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Robyn J McQuaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang J, Zuo X, Yu C, Lian Q, Tu X, Lou C. The Association between Gender Role Attitudes and Alcohol Use among Early Adolescents in Shanghai, China. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1403-1410. [PMID: 34027812 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1928214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use was a major social and public health concern given its negative impacts. Previous studies indicated gender role attitudes (GRA) were associated with alcohol use; however, few studies focused on early adolescents (10 to 14 years) and similar researches were not found in China. Objective: This study sought to explore the association between GRA and alcohol use among early adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in grades six to eight across three public secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Data were collected by Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (CASI) questionnaire on mobile tablets. Alcohol use was measured by self-report, and six items with 5-point Likert-type options assessed the attitude toward traditional gender roles. The logistic regression model was adopted to examine the associations between GAR and alcohol use. Results: Totally 1,631 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years with 50.33% of boys included in this study. The mean score of GRA in drinkers was significantly higher than nondrinkers among boys (3.03 vs. 2.78, p < 0.001) but not girls (2.15 vs. 2.18, p = 0.499). After controlling the covariates of age, depression, peers' substance use, social cohesion, etc., we found that more traditional GRA was associated with a higher risk of alcohol use among boys (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11-1.75), whereas the association was not significant among girls (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.74-1.24). Conclusions: Traditional GRA may increase the risk of alcohol use among early adolescent boys, suggesting that altering traditional GRA among this population group may help to prevent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuai Zhang
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun Zuo
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Tu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Loverock A, Yakovenko I, Wild TC. Cannabis norm perceptions among Canadian university students. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106567. [PMID: 32768794 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Extant research has not studied whether norm perceptions differ between young adult cannabis users who do and do not meet screening criteria for problematic cannabis use. Drawing on sociocultural norms research on alcohol, we hypothesized that users meeting screening criteria for cannabis problems would be more likely than those not meeting those criteria to (1) mistakenly believe that social reference groups use about the same amount of cannabis as they do, (2) adjust private approval of peer cannabis use to match mistaken public approval norms, and (3) believe that behavioral and social consequences are less definitive of problematic cannabis use. METHODS Secondary analyses of data from 753 cannabis users recruited from a Canadian university population survey (57% female; M age = 22.58). Parametric and non-parametric ANOVAs examined respondents' perceptions and beliefs regarding the cannabis use of same-sex friends, students, and adults living in the same Canadian province. RESULTS Contrary to prediction, problematic cannabis users were more likely than non-problematic users to (accurately) believe that social reference groups use cannabis less frequently than themselves. As hypothesized, problematic users were more likely than non-problematic users to adjust private approval of fellow students' cannabis use to match perceived public approval, and to believe that sociobehavioral criteria are less definitive of cannabis problems. CONCLUSION Results support the need to develop brief interventions to correct misperceptions of (a) injunctive cannabis norms and (b) sociobehavioral criteria that define safe versus problematic use, rather than perceived frequency of use in social reference groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loverock
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Ave, T6G 1C9 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Igor Yakovenko
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Rm 3263, 3rd Floor Life Sciences Centre (Psychology Wing), B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th Floor Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2E2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - T Cameron Wild
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-300 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Ave, T6G 1C9 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Chan WY, Rodriguez A, Shih RA, Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Seelam R, D'Amico EJ. How do college students use their free time? A latent profile analysis of leisure activities and substance use. LEISURE SCIENCES 2020; 45:331-350. [PMID: 37346392 PMCID: PMC10281707 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1829520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
College is a critical period of transition to independence and the substantial amount of time that students have to participate in leisure activities may be conducive to substance use. However, little is known about the associations between leisure activities and substance use over time, or whether these associations differ by residential status (i.e., living with parents vs. on their own). Using latent profile analysis, this study found six distinct profiles of leisure activity participation in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of college students (N=1,207). Overall, profiles with medium levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more alcohol use, heavy drinking, and marijuana use one year later; whereas profiles with the lowest levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more cigarette use one year later. Identifying mechanisms through which leisure activities influence substance use can help inform prevention efforts to either reduce risks associated with participation or support protective effects.
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Groman SM, Hillmer AT, Liu H, Fowles K, Holden D, Morris ED, Lee D, Taylor J. Midbrain D 3 Receptor Availability Predicts Escalation in Cocaine Self-administration. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:767-776. [PMID: 32312578 PMCID: PMC8954711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from neuroimaging studies suggest that disruptions in flexible decision-making functions in substance-dependent individuals are a consequence of drug-induced neural adaptations. In addicted populations, however, the causal relationship between biobehavioral phenotypes of susceptibility and addiction consequence is difficult to dissociate. Indeed, evidence from animals suggests that poor decision making due to preexisting biological factors can independently enhance the risk for developing addiction-like behaviors. Neuroimaging studies in animals provide a unique translational approach for the identification of the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to addiction. METHODS We used positron emission tomography in rats to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and assessed decision making using a probabilistic reversal learning task. Susceptibility to self-administer cocaine was then quantified for 21 days followed by tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors. RESULTS We found that deficits specifically in reward-guided choice behavior on the probabilistic reversal learning task predicted greater escalation of cocaine self-administration behavior and greater motivation for cocaine and, critically, were associated with higher midbrain D3 receptor availability. Additionally, individual differences in midbrain D3 receptor availability independently predicted the rate of escalation in cocaine-taking behaviors. No differences in mGluR5 availability, responses during tests of extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that our identified D3-mediated decision-making phenotype can be used as a behavioral biomarker for assessment of cocaine use susceptibility in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Groman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University
| | - Krista Fowles
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Daniel Holden
- Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University
| | - Evan D. Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale University,Department of Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center Yale University,Invicro, LLC
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Jane Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University,Department of Neuroscience Yale University,Correspondence should be addressed to: Stephanie M. Groman, Ph.D. (), Jane R. Taylor, Ph.D. (), 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06515
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43
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Kennedy TM, Walther CAP, Pedersen SL, McKone KMP, Gnagy EM, Pelham WE, Molina BSG. Beers with Peers: Childhood ADHD and Risk for Correlated Change in Perceived Peer and Personal Alcohol Use Across Young Adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2350-2360. [PMID: 32966613 PMCID: PMC7680395 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD poses risk for problematic alcohol use through adulthood. Perceived peer alcohol use, one of the strongest correlates of individuals' own alcohol use, is especially salient for adolescents with ADHD. The extent to which this risk extends into young adulthood is unknown, as well as how change in these constructs is associated throughout young adulthood. METHODS In the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study, 358 individuals with childhood-diagnosed ADHD and 239 without were prospectively followed from ages 18 to 29. Piecewise, bivariate longitudinal growth modeling was used to examine the change in both peer alcohol use and individuals' heavy drinking (binge-drinking frequency), their between-person associations, and differences by ADHD group. The addition of structured residuals probed within-person year-to-year change in peer and personal alcohol use and their prospective associations. RESULTS Perceived peer alcohol use and individuals' heavy drinking frequencies changed together over time concurrently-from ages 18 to 21 (piece 1) and 21 to 29 (piece 2). Prospectively, individuals who increased the most in heavy drinking from ages 18 to 21 reported more friends using alcohol at age 29, regardless of ADHD history. Within-person increases in personal alcohol use likewise predicted increased perceived peer use the subsequent year within each age group (piece), regardless of ADHD history. However, while decreasing perceived peer use from ages 21 to 29 was related to more frequent heavy drinking at age 29 for those without ADHD, increasing perceived peer use from ages 18 to 21 predicted more frequent heavy drinking at age 29 for those with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Young adult heavy drinking changes in tandem with perceived peer alcohol use across individuals and predicts selection of alcohol-using peers from year to year within individuals, further into adulthood than previously documented. Findings suggest the centrality of relationships with alcohol-consuming friends in relation to one's heavy drinking, especially for young adults with ADHD histories, through the twenties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci M Kennedy
- From the, University of Pittsburgh, (TMK, SLP, KMPM, BSGM), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Pedersen
- From the, University of Pittsburgh, (TMK, SLP, KMPM, BSGM), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsten M P McKone
- From the, University of Pittsburgh, (TMK, SLP, KMPM, BSGM), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - William E Pelham
- Florida International University, (EMG, WEP), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- From the, University of Pittsburgh, (TMK, SLP, KMPM, BSGM), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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44
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Sensation seeking, sexual orientation, and drug abuse symptoms in a community sample of emerging adults. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:102-107. [PMID: 31833968 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased use of drugs is associated with a number of factors including high sensation seeking and sexual minority status (through group-specific minority stress). We sought to examine how personality traits like sensation seeking may influence drug abuse among sexual minority individuals. Participants were 217 emerging adults (Mage = 20.23, SD = 0.85) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Of these participants, 67.7% identified as heterosexual, 9.7% as gay or lesbian, 21.2% as bisexual, and 1.4% indicated other sexual orientations. Sensation seeking and drug abuse were self-reported using the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale and the Drug Abuse Screening Test, respectively. A preliminary multiple analysis of variance indicated no significant mean differences for these variables as a function of sex or sexual orientation. Next, sexual minority status, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale scores, sex and their interactions were entered into a linear regression predicting Drug Abuse Screening Test scores. Results revealed a significant moderation, such that the positive relationship between Brief Sensation Seeking Scale total scores and Drug Abuse Screening Test total scores was stronger for sexual minorities (β = 0.14, P = 0.00) compared to heterosexuals (β = 0.04, P = 0.04), controlling for sex. These results demonstrate, while sensation seeking and sexual minority status may selectively indicate risk for drug use, sexual minorities high in sensation seeking may be at especially high risk for problems related to drug abuse. More research examining the addiction etiology of sexual minority individuals would inform targeted interventions for this population.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal was to review recent (1/2015-2/2020) evidence of impulsivity as a feature of substance use disorders or use of substances (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, opioids, stimulants) in males compared to females in terms of: a) impulsivity in substance-using groups (or substance-using compared to control groups), and b) relationship between impulsivity and substance use behavior, clinical severity, or treatment outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Of 361 papers identified by the searches, 69 met inclusion criteria, and 39 were highlighted for considering sex/gender in relation to impulsivity in substance-using populations. Taken together, findings supported higher impulsivity in males and females who use substances, relative to controls; and higher impulsivity was linked with more substance use/severity in both sex/genders. There were mixed findings regarding male versus female differences in impulsivity among individuals who use substances, or in the magnitude of the relationship between impulsivity and substance use severity. SUMMARY The current body of evidence does not point to a consistent sex/gender difference in the role of impulsivity within and across substance use disorders. Impulsivity is a clinically-relevant construct for male and female individuals who use substances, across a range of substances.
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Fedorova EV, Schrager SM, Robinson LF, Roth AM, Wong CF, Iverson E, Lankenau SE. Developmental trajectories of illicit drug use, prescription drug misuse and cannabis practices among young adult cannabis users in Los Angeles. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:743-752. [PMID: 32390280 PMCID: PMC7652718 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Young adults have the highest rates of drug use and contribute significantly to the growing population of medical cannabis patients (MCP). This study examined relationships between longitudinal patterns of illicit/prescription drug use/misuse and cannabis practices among young adult cannabis users. DESIGN AND METHODS In 2014-2015, 210 young adult MCP and 156 nonpatient users were recruited in Los Angeles and surveyed annually over four waves. The analytical sample was limited to completers of all four waves (n = 301). Distinct developmental trajectories of illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse were identified. Fixed effects regression analysis evaluated changes in cannabis practices by trajectory groups. RESULTS Results supported two-trajectory solutions (high/low) for illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse. Decreases in use within all four trajectories occurred by wave 4. Low illicit drug use trajectory members were more likely to self-report medical cannabis use. Membership in both types of high-use trajectories was associated with use of concentrates and edibles. The prevalence of MCP, edibles use and cannabis days decreased significantly by wave 4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS While alternative cannabis forms use was associated with membership in high drug use trajectories, self-reported medical cannabis use (not MCP) was negatively associated with high illicit drug use trajectory membership. Reductions in the prevalence of MCP, cannabis days, edibles use and other drug use by wave 4 alongside stable levels of self-reported medical cannabis use might reflect the changing legal status of cannabis in California, maturing out phenomenon and safer patterns of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Fedorova
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sheree M Schrager
- Department of Research and Sponsored Programs, California State University Northridge, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lucy F Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alexis M Roth
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carolyn F Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ellen Iverson
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Stephen E Lankenau
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
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Soledad Fernández M, Edward Nizhnikov M, García Virgolini R, Marcos Pautassi R. Prediction of ethanol self-administration in pre-weanling, adolescent, and young adult rats. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:378-384. [PMID: 33629398 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) use is almost normative by late adolescence, in most western countries. It is important to identify factors that distinguish those who progress from alcohol initiation to sustained use of the drug, from those that keep a controlled pattern of drinking. The factors precipitating this transition may change across development. This study analyzed associations between behavioral endophenotypes and ethanol intake at three developmental periods. Exp. 1 measured ethanol drinking at postnatal day 18, via an intraoral infusion procedure, in male or female pre-weanling rats screened for anxiety response in the light-dark box test and for distance traveled in a novel open field. Exp. 2 measured, in juvenile/adolescent or young adult rats, the association between shelter seeking, exploratory/risk-taking behaviors, anxiety or hedonic responses, and ethanol intake. Ethanol intake in pre-weanlings was explained by distance traveled in a novel environment, whereas anxiety responses, measured in the multivariate concentric square field apparatus (MSCF), selectively predicted ethanol intake at adolescence, but not at adulthood. Those juvenile/adolescents with lower mean duration of visit to areas of the MSCF that evoke anxiogenic responses exhibited heightened ethanol intake. These findings suggest that the association between anxiety and ethanol intake may be specifically relevant during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Rodrigo García Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Vera BDV, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. ELSA 2014 Cohort: Risk Factors Associated With Heavy Episodic Drinking Trajectories in Argentinean College Students. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:105. [PMID: 32625071 PMCID: PMC7311794 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is highly prevalent in college students. In Argentina, there is a notable lack of longitudinal studies examining drinking trajectories. The present study identified HED trajectories in Argentinean college students during the first 3 years of college (seven waves) and examined the association between risk factors for alcohol use and HED trajectories. The sample was composed of 1,240 college students [63.1% women, aged 18–25 years (M = 19.1 ± 1.7)] who completed at least three waves (the first data collection and ≥2 follow-ups). For 3 years, participants completed seven surveys that measured HED frequency, age of drinking onset, drunkenness occurrence, trait impulsivity, family history of alcohol abuse, stressful life events, and perceived peer’s drinking. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) were used to identify the pattern and number of HED trajectories and to explore which risk factors better distinguished between the trajectories, respectively. Six HED trajectories were identified: Heavy Stable Frequency, Moderate Stable Frequency, Moderate Decreasing Frequency, Stable Infrequent, Decreasing Infrequent, and No-HED. Younger age of drinking onset, alcohol intoxication, greater perception of peer drinking frequency and higher levels of impulsivity (i.e., sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and positive urgency) increased the probability of belonging to the trajectories with more frequent HED. These trajectories partially coincide with those identified in studies from other cultures. Unlike previous studies, we did not find a trajectory with increasing/ascending HED frequency. This may be related to contextual/cultural variables unique to Argentina, like differences in the age when the peak in alcohol consumption is reached or the legal minimum age to buy alcoholic beverages in this country, and the idiosyncratic elements that characterize college life in Argentina. This work represents a step forward in the identification of risk factors differentiating between different HED trajectories, and help understand changes in alcohol use during college, in an understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén del Valle Vera
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Belén del Valle Vera Angelina Pilatti
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Belén del Valle Vera Angelina Pilatti
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Cole VT, Hussong AM. Psychosocial functioning among college students who misuse stimulants versus other drugs. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106290. [PMID: 32007830 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of prescription stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall) is a large and growing problem on college campuses. Emerging research examines not only the demographic predictors of stimulant misuse but also the potentially role that stimulant misuse plays in a college student's overall functioning and mental health. To better understand the experiences specifically linked with stimulant misuse rather than substance use more broadly, we tested whether psychosocial functioning differed across four groups of college students: those who do not misuse stimulants or other hard drugs; those who misuse both stimulants and other hard drugs; those who misuse stimulants but not other hard drugs; and those who misuse other hard drugs but not stimulants (N = 1534; 40.3% male; 33.9% ethnic minority). Those who misused stimulants reported higher levels of impulsivity, as well as substance use consequences, than those who did not use any hard drugs. However, these differences were exacerbated among those who misused stimulants and other hard drugs. Taken together, these findings suggest that stimulant misuse typically occurs in a broader pattern of substance use, and that stimulant misusers generally fall along a continuum of substance use severity in terms of psychosocial functioning.
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50
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Lee DB, Hsieh HF, Stoddard SA, Heinze JE, Carter PM, Goldstick JE, Cunningham MC, Cunningham RM, Zimmerman MA. Longitudinal pathway from violence exposure to firearm carriage among adolescents: The role of future expectation. J Adolesc 2020; 81:101-113. [PMID: 32408115 PMCID: PMC7325611 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to violence is a risk factor for firearm carriage. Youth exposed to violence also have difficulty envisioning positive future outcomes (e.g., educational outcomes), which can increase the likelihood of firearm carriage over time. Researchers, however, have not yet examined whether changes in exposure to violence over time can influence the developmental trajectories of firearm carriage. To address this gap, we (1) examined the longitudinal association between exposure to violence and firearm carriage (grades 9 to 12) and then (2) examined whether changes in future expectations mediated this longitudinal association. METHOD The longitudinal association between exposure to violence and firearm carriage through future expectations was examined among 850 adolescents from the Flint Adolescent Study. Participants were recruited from four high schools in a midwestern city in the United States. Parallel latent growth models and latent growth mediation models were estimated. RESULTS A positive association was observed between the rate of change in exposure to violence and firearm carriage. Exposure to violence also indirectly increased the risk for firearm carriage over time by decreasing future expectation in the 9th grade. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea that helping youth develop positive attitude about educational success may help reduce firearm carriage. Increasing positive expectations about future may help prevent firearm carriage within the context of violence exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lee
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah A Stoddard
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin E Heinze
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick M Carter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason E Goldstick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary C Cunningham
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Marc A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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