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Vachliotis ID, Polyzos SA. Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Ligand/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Axis in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2023:10.1007/s13679-023-00505-4. [PMID: 37208545 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize evidence on the potential involvement of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κΒ) ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κΒ (RANK) axis in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS The OPG-RANKL-RANK axis, which has been originally involved in bone remodeling and osteoporosis, is now recognized as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated comorbidities, i.e., type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Besides bone, OPG and RANKL are also produced in adipose tissue and may be involved in the inflammatory process associated with obesity. Metabolically healthy obesity has been associated with lower circulating OPG concentrations, possibly representing a counteracting mechanism, while elevated serum OPG levels may reflect an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction or cardiovascular disease. OPG and RANKL have been also proposed as potential regulators of glucose metabolism and are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In clinical terms, type 2 diabetes mellitus has been consistently associated with increased serum OPG concentrations. With regard to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, experimental data suggest a potential contribution of OPG and RANKL in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; however, most clinical studies showed reduction in serum concentrations of OPG and RANKL. The emerging contribution of the OPG-RANKL-RANK axis to the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated comorbidities warrants further investigation by mechanistic studies and may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D Vachliotis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, 56429, Greece.
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Kącka A, Charemska A, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Głowińska-Olszewska B. Comparison of novel markers of metabolic complications and cardiovascular risk factors between obese non-diabetic and obese type 1 diabetic children and young adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1036109. [PMID: 36578961 PMCID: PMC9791985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1036109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For the past years, the prevalence of obesity is growing in the general population of children, as well as among diabetic patients, resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and young adults, leading to decreased life quality and lifespan, with obesity being recognized recently as a major contributing factor to these health problems. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the selected novel markers for metabolic complications of obesity and vascular risk factors between obese non-diabetic and obese T1DM children and young adults. Methods One hundred four subjects, aged between 10 and 24 years (31 with T1DM and excessive body weight, 41 with obesity without diabetes, and 32 with T1DM and normal weight), and 32 matched lean controls were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, blood pressure measurements, daily requirement for insulin, HbA1c%, plasma lipids, fetuin-A, E-selectin, and osteoprotegerin levels were compared with respect to body mass index (BMI), body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) of common carotid arteries. Results Patients with T1DM and excessive body weight compared to non-diabetic obese subjects had similar values of systolic blood pressure (125.6 ± 8.2 vs. 127.3 ± 12.9 mmHg, p = 0.515), diastolic blood pressure (78.19 ± 7.03 vs. 78.02 ± 8.01 mmHg, p = 0.918), cholesterol (175.26 ± 34.1 vs. 163.51 ± 26.08 mg/dl, p = 0.102), LDL (108.03 ± 32.55 vs. 112.22 ± 26.36 mg/dl, p = 0.548), and triglyceride levels (118.19 ± 71.20 vs. 117 ± 55.80 mg/dl, p = 0.937); all values were found to be higher compared to non-obese T1DM and healthy controls. HbA1c level and insulin resistance indices were significantly worse in T1DM obese vs. T1DM non-obese patients. Fetuin-A levels were higher among obese non-diabetic patients (p = 0.01), and E-selectin and osteoprotegerin levels were similar in both groups with obesity, but higher than in the reference group. There were no statistical differences in cIMT with T1DM with normal weight, excessive weight, and non-diabetic obese children; however, the cIMT value was higher compared to the reference group. Discussion Novel markers of metabolic complications of obesity are similar between obese T1DM and non-diabetic subjects. Obesity in patients with T1DM results in worse metabolic control, insulin resistance, and increased risk for vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kącka
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Charemska
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Jeziorny K, Zmyslowska-Polakowska E, Wyka K, Pyziak-Skupień A, Borowiec M, Szadkowska A, Zmysłowska A. Identification of bone metabolism disorders in patients with Alström and Bardet-Biedl syndromes based on markers of bone turnover and mandibular atrophy. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101600. [PMID: 35818441 PMCID: PMC9270207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Causative variants in genes responsible for Alström syndrome (ALMS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) cause damage to primary cilia associated with correct functioning of cell signaling pathways in many tissues. Despite differences in genetic background, both syndromes affect multiple organs and numerous clinical manifestations are common including obesity, retinal degeneration, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and many others. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone metabolism abnormalities and their relation to metabolic disorders based on bone turnover markers and presence of mandibular atrophy in patients with ALMS and BBS syndromes. Material and methods In 18 patients (11 with ALMS and 7 with BBS aged 5–29) and in 42 age-matched (p < 0.05) healthy subjects, the following markers of bone turnover were assessed: serum osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), s-RANKL and urinary deoxypyridinoline - DPD. In addition, a severity of alveolar atrophy using dental panoramic radiograms was evaluated. Results Lower serum OC (p = 0.0004) and urinary DPD levels (p = 0.0056) were observed in the study group compared to controls. In ALMS and BBS patients, serum OC and urinary DPD values negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR index, while a positive correlation between the OC and 25-OHD levels and a negative correlation between s-RANKL and fasting glucose concentrations were found. A significant difference in the incidence of low-grade mandibular atrophy between patients with ALMS and BBS and controls (p < 0.0001) was observed. Conclusions The identification of bone metabolism disorders in patients with ALMS and BBS syndromes indicates the necessity to provide them with appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these abnormalities. Bone metabolism disorders in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes Markers of bone turnover in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes Mandibular atrophy in Alstrom and Bardet-Biedl syndromes
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Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158303. [PMID: 35955431 PMCID: PMC9368241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific evidence has shown an increased risk of fractures in patients with obesity, especially in those with a higher visceral adipose tissue content. This contradicts the old paradigm that obese patients were more protected than those with normal weight. Specifically, in older subjects in whom there is a redistribution of fat from subcutaneous adipose tissue to visceral adipose tissue and an infiltration of other tissues such as muscle with the consequent sarcopenia, obesity can accentuate the changes characteristic of this age group that predisposes to a greater risk of falls and fractures. Other factors that determine a greater risk in older subjects with obesity are chronic proinflammatory status, altered adipokine secretion, vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance and reduced mobility. On the other hand, diagnostic tests may be influenced by obesity and its comorbidities as well as by body composition, and risk scales may underestimate the risk of fractures in these patients. Weight loss with physical activity programs and cessation of high-fat diets may reduce the risk. Finally, more research is needed on the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic treatments in obese patients.
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Abdallah HR, Thomas MM, Abuelhamd WA, Ashour AM, Youness ER, El-Hariri HM, El-Bassyouni HT. The influence of vitamin D administration on the clinical presentation, body mass index, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) level in a sample of Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-021-00091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is autosomal recessive chronic disease represents by recurring attacks of polyserositis, fever, and joint pain. Vitamin D deficiency in FMF children has been recently mentioned in literature and linked to delayed physical growth. Osteoporosis in FMF patients can be linked to low levels of vitamin D, too. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) might be used as an indicator for osteoporosis. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D administration on clinical status, BMI, and bone mineral density represented by alterations in the OPG serum levels in a group of Egyptian children with FMF. This was a prospective longitudinal study carried out on 33 children, aged 4–16 years, with FMF cases. Patients were on colchicine 0.5–2 mg/day and received vitamin D3 oral drops 2800 IU/ml; each drop contains 100 IU in a dose of 600 IU/day for 6 months. The effect of vitamin D administration was evaluated clinically, anthropometrically and by assessment of serum vitamin D and osteoprotegerin at baseline and 6 months later.
Results
Serum vitamin D levels were below the normal range before intervention and showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) 6 months after intervention. Significant increase in both BMI Z scores (p < 0.05) and OPG serum levels and improvement in the clinical status as illustrated by significant decrease in the number of cases with fever, arthritis, and abdominal pain and significant decrease in the frequency and duration of the attacks (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our results intensely indicate that vitamin D supplementation improved the clinical condition, BMI, and bone mineral density in children with FMF.
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Osteoprotegerin expression and serum values in obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7095-7104. [PMID: 34487291 PMCID: PMC8419664 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes prevalence are increasing worldwide. We aimed to detect the possible association of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression with visceral adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese women. METHODS AND RESULTS The study enrolled 150 controls and 150 obese cases subdivided into two subgroups non-diabetic (n = 70) and 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Circulating OPG gene expression levels were figured out by real time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Serum OPG levels were assessed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Our results explored that OPG serum levels were lower in the obese women compared to control group (p < 0.001) and obese diabetics had higher serum levels of OPG in comparison to obese non-diabetic patients (p < 0.001). Expression levels of OPG were higher in obese women than controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, the blood expression levels of OPG gene were higher in diabetic obese patients than non-diabetics. We found positive correlations between parameters of metabolic syndrome and obesity indices. After adjustment of the traditional risk factors, stepwise linear regression analysis test revealed that OPG expression levels were independently correlated with glycated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS OPG mRNA levels were associated with surrogate markers of insulin resistance in Egyptian obese women.
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Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Inflammatory Factors of Obese Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2631-2647. [PMID: 31093862 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main causes of inflammation. Previous studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at describing the effect of bariatric surgery on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). PubMed/Medline and Scopus were systematically searched for all eligible studies from inception to June 2018. Results are expressed as weighted mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. Overall, 116 studies which evaluated serum CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α after bariatric surgery were included. Pooled effect size showed significant reduction in serum CRP (- 5.30 mg/l, 95% CI - 5.46, - 5.15, P < 0.001), IL-6 (- 0.58 pg/ml, 95% CI - 0.64, - 0.53, P < 0.001), and TNF-α (- 0.20 pg/ml, 95% CI - 0.39, - 0.02, P = 0.031) with significant heterogeneity across studies (> 95% for all factors). Bariatric surgery significantly lowered inflammatory factors; however, baseline BMI, follow-up duration and type of surgery could impact the extent of observed effects.
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Sarink D, Yang J, Johnson T, Chang-Claude J, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Fournier A, Mancini FR, Kvaskoff M, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Valanou E, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Masala G, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Van Gils CH, Skeie G, Gram IT, Weiderpass E, Lujan-Barroso L, Petrova D, Santiuste C, Quirós JR, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Travis RC, Gunter M, Dossus L, Christakoudi S, Kaaks R, Fortner RT. Reproductive and Lifestyle Factors and Circulating sRANKL and OPG Concentrations in Women: Results from the EPIC Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1746-1754. [PMID: 31292137 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for a documented increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations with older age, data on determinants of soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (sRANKL) and OPG concentrations in women are limited. We evaluated reproductive and lifestyle factors as potential sources of variation in circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations in pre- and postmenopausal women. METHODS This study includes 2,016 controls [n = 1,552 (76%) postmenopausal, n = 757 (38%) using postmenopausal hormone therapy (PMH)] from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Serum sRANKL was measured using an ELISA and serum OPG using an electrochemiluminescent assay. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate associations between these analytes and reproductive and lifestyle factors. RESULTS Older age at blood collection was associated with lower sRANKL concentrations in postmenopausal women (P trend ≤ 0.03) and higher OPG concentrations in all women (P trend ≤ 0.01). Longer duration of oral contraceptive use among premenopausal women and postmenopausal PMH users was associated with higher OPG (P trend ≤ 0.04). In postmenopausal non-PMH users, sRANKL concentrations were lower with longer duration of oral contraceptive use and current (vs. never) smoking (P ≤ 0.01). sRANKL concentrations were higher among women with higher BMI (P trend ≤ 0.01). The evaluated factors accounted for 12% of the variation in sRANKL concentrations and 21% of the variation in OPG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Circulating sRANKL and OPG concentrations are minimally impacted by hormone-related factors in pre- and postmenopausal women. IMPACT This study suggests circulating concentrations of sRANKL and OPG are unlikely to be strongly modified by hormone-related reproductive and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danja Sarink
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic M.P.Arezzo," Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carla H Van Gils
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Akhtar Ali S, Kang H, Olney R, Ramos-Platt L, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Georgia S, Pitukcheewanont P. Quantifying RANKL and OPG levels in healthy children: A large cross-sectional analysis. Bone 2019; 127:215-219. [PMID: 31212033 PMCID: PMC10491732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been new advances in understanding bone remodeling on a molecular level including the RANKL-OPG pathway, leading to advancements in targeted therapeutic intervention. There is however limited data in pediatrics with little known on normative values in healthy children. This is the largest cohort to quantify RANKL, OPG, and RANKL: OPG levels in healthy children as well as study the influence of age, gender, Tanner stage, and BMI in this population. METHODS Healthy subjects, 1-21 years of age, were recruited from general pediatric clinics affiliated with CHLA and in collaboration with samples stored from a previously completed study. Healthy children were defined as those with no chronic disease, daily medication, or fractures in the past six months. Free soluble RANKL and OPG levels were quantified using a sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Three hundred samples were collected with overall serum concentrations of RANKL, OPG and RANKL: OPG of 0.28 pmol/L, 3.56 pmol/L and 0.08 pmol/L, respectively. Serum RANKL and RANKL: OPG concentrations were significantly different by age (p = 0.0001 and 0.0027, respectively). There was an overall downward trend by age except in the 11-15-year age group where a slight increase was noted. RANKL concentrations were also significantly different between Tanner stages, with highest concentrations seen at Tanner 3 (p = 0.0481), and zBMI (p = 0.001). OPG was inversely correlated with zBMI, but not influenced by gender, age, or Tanner stage. CONCLUSION We showed significant difference in RANKL levels by age, Tanner stage, and zBMI. OPG was inversely correlated with zBMI. Insight into circulating levels of RANKL, OPG and RANKL: OPG in healthy children may be a potential tool to better understand disease states in pediatrics. Future studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of RANKL and OPG levels for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Akhtar Ali
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America.
| | - Harsimar Kang
- University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Robert Olney
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemour Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Anna Ryabets-Lienhard
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America
| | - Senta Georgia
- Saban Research Institute, CHLA, United States of America; Diabetes & Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, CHLA and Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States of America
| | - Pisit Pitukcheewanont
- Center For Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), United States of America
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Corbo F, Brunetti G, Crupi P, Bortolotti S, Storlino G, Piacente L, Carocci A, Catalano A, Milani G, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Grano M, Franchini C, Clodoveo ML, D'Amato G, Faienza MF. Effects of Sweet Cherry Polyphenols on Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis Associated With Childhood Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1001. [PMID: 31130968 PMCID: PMC6509551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with the development of severe comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures. The status of low-grade inflammation associated to obesity can be reversed through an enhanced physical activity and by consumption of food enrich of anti-inflammatory compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to deepen the mechanisms of bone impairment in obese children and adolescents through the evaluation of the osteoclastogenic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the assessment of the serum levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of polyphenol cherry extracts on osteoclastogenesis, as possible dietary treatment to improve bone health in obese subjects. High RANKL levels were measured in obese with respect to controls (115.48 ± 35.20 pg/ml vs. 87.18 ± 17.82 pg/ml; p < 0.01), while OPG levels were significantly reduced in obese than controls (378.02 ± 61.15 pg/ml vs. 436.75 ± 95.53 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). Lower Ad-SoS- and BTT Z-scores were measured in obese compared to controls (p < 0.05). A significant elevated number of multinucleated TRAP+ osteoclasts (OCs) were observed in the un-stimulated cultures of obese subjects compared to the controls. Interestingly, obese subjects displayed a higher percentage of CD14+/CD16+ than controls. Furthermore, in the mRNA extracts of obese subjects we detected a 2.5- and 2-fold increase of TNFα and RANKL transcripts compared to controls, respectively. Each extract of sweet cherries determined a dose-dependent reduction in the formation of multinucleated TRAP+ OCs. Consistently, 24 h treatment of obese PBMCs with sweet cherry extracts from the three cultivars resulted in a significant reduction of the expression of TNFα. In conclusion, the bone impairment in obese children and adolescents is sustained by a spontaneous osteoclastogenesis that can be inhibited in vitro by the polyphenol content of sweet cherries. Thus, our study opens future perspectives for the use of sweet cherry extracts, appropriately formulated as nutraceutical food, as preventive in healthy children and therapeutic in obese ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Turi, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolotti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Kotanidou EP, Kotanidis CP, Giza S, Serbis A, Tsinopoulou VR, Karalazou P, Tzimagiorgis G, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Osteoprotegerin increases parallel to insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Endocr Res 2019; 44:9-15. [PMID: 29877745 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1480630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the Study: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an α tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily glucoprotein that acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), exerting an antiresoptive bone effect. It was recently shown that OPG/RANKL axis is activated during vascular calcification, contributing to atherosclerotic lesions formation. Additionally, OPG levels are charachterized as an independent risk factor for overall vascular mortality in obese adults. We aimed to investigate OPG levels in children/adolescents with obesity and explore possible relations with obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 160 participants (85 obese) were enrolled. Participants with obesity underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. IR was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index. Serum OPG levels were determined. RESULTS OPG levels did not differ significantly between obese subjects and controls in the total sample (p = 0.133). However, in the adolescents' subgroup, serum OPG levels were significantly increased in obesity (p = 0.019). After stratifying participants according to their IR status, only subjects with both obesity and IR exhibited increased OPG levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). Factor analysis further associated OPG levels variation to insulin levels variation and to IR. CONCLUSIONS Obese individuals demonstrate increased serum OPG levels during puberty. Obesity per se is not the potent factor for this increase; indeed, IR accompanying obesity seems to exert a fundamental role in OPG upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni P Kotanidou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Christos P Kotanidis
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Styliani Giza
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Anastasios Serbis
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Regina Tsinopoulou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Paraskevi Karalazou
- b Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- b Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- a 4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Papageorgiou General Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Faienza MF, D'Amato G, Chiarito M, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Grano M, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Mechanisms Involved in Childhood Obesity-Related Bone Fragility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:269. [PMID: 31130918 PMCID: PMC6509993 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the major health problems in western countries. The excessive accumulation of adipose tissue causes inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Thus, obesity leads to the development of severe co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases which can develop early in life. Furthermore, obese children have low bone mineral density and a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The knowledge about the interplay bone tissue and between adipose is still growing, although recent findings suggest that adipose tissue activity on bone can be fat-depot specific. Obesity is associated to a low-grade inflammation that alters the expression of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 (MCP1), TRAIL, LIGHT/TNFSF14, OPG, and TNFα. These molecules can affect bone metabolism, thus resulting in osteoporosis. The purpose of this review was to deepen the cellular mechanisms by which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giacomina Brunetti
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Karavanaki K, Tsouvalas E, Vakaki M, Soldatou A, Tsentidis C, Kaparos G, Augoulea A, Alexandrou A, Lambrinoudaki Ι. Carotid intima media thickness and associations with serum osteoprotegerin and s-RANKL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:1169-1177. [PMID: 30352039 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Although carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is an established marker of endothelial dysfunction, limited data exist on relative laboratory biomarkers in youngsters with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim was to study CIMT and the biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL system in young T1DM patients and controls, and also in subgroups of patients with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction, such as those with overweight/obesity, poor metabolic control or the presence of microalbuminuria. Methods CIMT and OPG/RANKL of 56 T1DM children and adolescents were compared to 28 healthy controls. Results Anthropometric, laboratory, CIMT and OPG/RANKL measurements were similar between patients and controls. Overweight/obese patients had greater CIMT than the normal weight ones (0.50 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.001). Microalbuminuric patients had greater CIMT (0.49 vs. 0.44 mm, p=0.035) than the normoalbuminuric ones, with no difference in terms of OPG/RANKL. In the microalbuminuric group, OPG (r=-0.90, p=0.036) and RANKL (r=-0.92, p=0.024) were significantly negatively associated with CIMT. Following linear regression analysis, in the total patients group, microalbuminuria was the only factor significantly associated with CIMT (beta±SE: 0.050±0.021, p=0.035), body mass index (BMI)-z-scores were negatively associated with OPG (beta±SE: -0.25±0.12, p=0.05), while in the microalbuminuric group, CIMT was negatively associated with OPG (beta±SE: -0.070±0.019, p=0.036). During the forward stepwise procedure, microalbuminuria and age were the only variables negatively associated with RANKL (b=-0.334, p=0.034, b=-35.95, p=0.013, respectively). Conclusions In T1DM pediatric patients, overweight/obesity and microalbuminuria were associated with greater CIMT and with impaired OPG/RANKL levels, as biochemical indices of calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Karavanaki
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tsouvalas
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Vakaki
- Radiology Department, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Tsentidis
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kaparos
- Hormonal Laboratory, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Augoulea
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ιrene Lambrinoudaki
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine 2018; 112:116-131. [PMID: 29937410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most prevalent adipo-cytokine in plasma plays critical metabolic and anti-inflammatory roles is fast emerging as an important molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Adiponectin action is critical in multiple organs including cardio-vascular system, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. Adiponectin signaling in bone has been a topic of active investigation lately. Human association studies and multiple mice models of gene deletion/modification failed to define a clear cause and effect of adiponectin signaling in bone. The most plausible reason could be the multimeric forms of adiponectin that display differential binding to receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) with cell-specific receptor variants in bone. Discovery of small molecule agonist of adipoR1 suggested a salutary role of this receptor in bone metabolism. The downstream signaling of adipoR1 in osteoblasts involves stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation via the likely suppression of wnt inhibitor, sclerostin. On the other hand, the inflammation modulatory effect of adiponectin signaling suppresses the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand) - to - OPG (osteprotegerin) ratio in osteoblasts leading to the suppression of osteoclastogenic response. This review will discuss the adiponectin signaling and its role in skeletal homeostasis and critically assess whether adipoR1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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Circulating osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal osteoporotic women: marker of impaired glucose regulation or impaired bone metabolism. Menopause 2018; 24:1264-1268. [PMID: 28697041 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is closely related to insulin resistance and bone remodeling. However, no studies have examined the role of OPG in postmenopausal women with coexistent impaired glucose and bone regulation. The present study investigated the relationship of OPG to glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with different types of glucose tolerance. METHODS In all, 114 postmenopausal osteoporotic women were divided into three groups according to glucose tolerance status: 51 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, group 1), 31 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, group 2), and 32 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM, group 3). Study participants were evaluated for metabolic parameters, OPG, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and bone mineral density parameters. RESULTS The OPG levels differed significantly across groups and increased from group 1 to group 3 in a continuous fashion (analysis of variance, P < 0.0001). In post-hoc analysis, OPG was significantly lower in osteoporotic women with NGT, than participants with IGT and DM (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively). OPG was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.0001). No association between serum OPG levels and measures of BMD was observed. In a multiple regression analysis, OPG emerged as an independent predictor of HOMA-IR even after controlling for age, body mass index, and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS OPG is significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with impaired glucose regulation (IGT and DM) than women with NGT. OPG was independently associated with insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR. Thus, measurement of OPG may potentially be considered as a prediabetic state screening in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
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Pacifico L, Andreoli GM, D’Avanzo M, De Mitri D, Pierimarchi P. Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2073-2082. [PMID: 29785076 PMCID: PMC5960813 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i19.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), like insulin resistance (IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, MetS, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesity-related comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of MetS as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pacifico
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Andreoli
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Miriam D’Avanzo
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Delia De Mitri
- Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome 00083, Italy
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Barroso LN, Farias DR, Soares-Mota M, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, Foss MC, Silva AAMD, Kac G. Waist circumference is an effect modifier of the association between bone mineral density and glucose metabolism. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:285-295. [PMID: 29791653 PMCID: PMC10118778 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of bone markers on insulin resistance (IR) remains controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and glucose metabolism and investigate if visceral hyperadiposity, evaluated by waist circumference (WC), is an effect modifier of this association. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional analysis with 468 young adults from the fourth follow-up of the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto prospective birth cohort, Brazil. BMD, total osteocalcin (OC), fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were assessed. IR, sensitivity (S) and secretion (β) were estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indexes. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to estimate the association between BMD and glucose metabolism. Beta coefficient, R2 and p-values were provided. WC was tested as an effect modifier and OC as a confounder. The covariates were selected based on Direct Acyclic Graph. RESULTS Significant interaction between BMD (femoral neck and proximal femur areas) and WC on glucose metabolism was observed in the adjusted models. Subjects with increased WC presented a positive association between BMD and log HOMA1-IR while an inverse association was found in those with normal WC (femoral neck R2 = 0.17, p = 0.036; proximal femur R2 = 0.16, p = 0.086). BMD was negatively associated with log HOMA2-S in individuals with increased WC and positively in those with normal WC (femoral neck R2 = 0.16, p = 0.042; proximal femur R2 = 0.15, p = 0.097). No significant associations between BMD, log HOMA2-β and OC and glucose metabolism markers were observed. CONCLUSIONS BMD was associated with glucose metabolism, independently of OC, and WC modifies this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia N Barroso
- Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Dayana R Farias
- Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcia Soares-Mota
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Barbieri
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Milton Cesar Foss
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Antônio Augusto M da Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: Its potential utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:115-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Biagioni MFG, Mendes AL, Nogueira CR, Leite CV, Gollino L, Mazeto GM. Bariatric Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Adipocyte Proteins Involved in Increased Bone Remodeling in Humans. Obes Surg 2018; 27:1789-1796. [PMID: 28091892 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery has been associated with bone remodeling changes. The action of adipokines on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and on an increase in sclerostin could be related to these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aimed to assess the repercussions of weight loss, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) loss and biochemical and hormonal changes on bone remodeling markers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Anthropometric data, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), collagen type 1 C-telopeptide (CTX), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-VitD), leptin, adiponectin, RANKL, OPG, and sclerostin of 30 menstruating women were measured preoperatively (Pre), and 3, 12, and 24 months (m) after RYGB. RESULTS Leptin (34.4 (14.7; 51.9) vs. 22.5 (1.9; 52.7) ng/mL) and OPG (3.6 (1.1; 11.5) vs. 3.4 (1.5; 6) pmol/L) decreased, and adiponectin (7.4 (1.7; 18.4) vs. 13.8 (3.0; 34.6) μg/mL), CTX (0.2 (0.1; 2.2) vs. 0.6 (0.4; 6.0) ng/mL), RANKL (0.1 (0.0; 0.5) vs. 0.3 (0.0; 2.0) pmol/L), and sclerostin (21.7 (3.2; 75.1) vs. 34.8 (6.4; 80.5) pmol/L) increased after 3 m. BSAP increased after 12 m (10.1 (5.4; 18.9) vs. 13.9 (6.9; 30.2) μg/mL) (p < 0.005). CTX correlated positively with adiponectin at 24 m and inversely with leptin Pre; OPG at 3 m; weight, FM, FFM, and leptin at 24 m. RANKL correlated directly with weight at 3 m. Sclerostin correlated inversely with weight Pre and FM at 3 m. BSAP correlated negatively with 25-OH-VitD at 12 m, and positively with PTH at 24 m. CONCLUSIONS RYGB induced weight loss, and biochemical, hormonal, and body composition changes are associated with higher bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda G Biagioni
- Internal Medicine Department (MFGB, ALM, CRN, LG, GMFSM), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil. .,Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Rubião Júnior District, no number, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Adriana L Mendes
- Internal Medicine Department (MFGB, ALM, CRN, LG, GMFSM), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Internal Medicine Department (MFGB, ALM, CRN, LG, GMFSM), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Celso V Leite
- Surgery Department (CVL), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Loraine Gollino
- Internal Medicine Department (MFGB, ALM, CRN, LG, GMFSM), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Mfs Mazeto
- Internal Medicine Department (MFGB, ALM, CRN, LG, GMFSM), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, FMB-Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil
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Bonnet N. Bone-Derived Factors: A New Gateway to Regulate Glycemia. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:174-183. [PMID: 27832316 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are two major disorders which prevalence increases with aging and is predicted to worsen in the coming years. Preclinical investigations suggest common mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. Recent evidence has established that there is a clear link between glucose and bone metabolism. The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator through FGF23 and osteocalcin has led to the re-evaluation of the role of bone cells and bone-derived factors in the development of metabolic diseases such as T2DM. The development of bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factor 23, and osteoprotegerin-deficient mice has allowed to elucidate their role in bone homeostasis, as well as revealed their potential important function in glucose homeostasis. This review proposes emerging perspectives for several bone-derived factors that may regulate glycemia through the activation or inhibition of bone remodeling or directly by regulating function of key organs such as pancreatic beta cell proliferation, insulin expression and secretion, storage and release of glucose from the liver, skeletal muscle contraction, and browning of the adipose tissue. Connections between organs including bone-derived factors should further be explored to understand the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 64 Av de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Duan P, Yang M, Wei M, Liu J, Tu P. Serum Osteoprotegerin Is a Potential Biomarker of Insulin Resistance in Chinese Postmenopausal Women with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8724869. [PMID: 28255300 PMCID: PMC5308197 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8724869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the circulating OPG levels in postmenopausal women with diabetes and prediabetes and explore the relationships between serum OPG and insulin resistance. A total of 271 unrelated Chinese postmenopausal women were recruited in this study. The subjects were divided into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (n = 93), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) (n = 90), and normal glucose regulation group (NGR) (n = 88), according to different glucose regulation categories. Serum OPG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum OPG concentration in NGR group, 151.00 ± 45.72 pg/mL, was significantly lower than that in IGR group (169.28 ± 64.91 pg/mL) (p = 0.031) and T2DM group (183.20 ± 56.53 pg/mL) (p < 0.01), respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, HOMA-IR, age, 2hPG, AST, ALP, and eGFR were found to be independent predictors of OPG. Increased serum OPG levels (OR = 1.009, p = 0.006) may be a risk factor for insulin resistance. The present study suggests that OPG might be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is a potential biomarker of insulin resistance in subjects with diabetes and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2 Xiangshan South Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Finance, Nanchang Normal University, No. 889 Ruixiang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Meilin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2 Xiangshan South Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2 Xiangshan South Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No. 2 Xiangshan South Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
- *Ping Tu:
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Erol M, Bostan Gayret O, Tekin Nacaroglu H, Yigit O, Zengi O, Salih Akkurt M, Tasdemir M. Association of Osteoprotegerin with Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e41873. [PMID: 28203453 PMCID: PMC5294423 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.41873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Reduced OPG levels are related to obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OPG levels, obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD in pediatric patients. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study that was conducted in the department of pediatrics at Bagcilar training and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between April and August 2015. The study was performed on 107 children with obesity and 37 controls aged 5 - 17 years. In the obese subset, 62 patients had NAFLD. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to calculate insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA-IR value greater than 2.5. Plasma OPG levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound. RESULTS The mean age was 11.25 ± 3.38 years in the patient group and 10.41 ± 3.15 years in the control group. The OPG level in the obese group with the mean of 55.20 ± 24.55 pg/mL (median = 48.81 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that in the control group with the mean of 70.78 ± 33.41 pg/mL (median = 64.57 pg/mL) (P = 0.0001). The optimal cut-off point (sensitivity, specificity) of the OPG level for the diagnosis of obesity was ≤ 46, 19 pg/mL. According to logistic regression analysis, fasting insulin (P = 0.036) and OPG (P = 0.01) levels were most affected by obesity. In the obese patients, who had HOMA-IR < 2.5, the mean level of OPG was 58.91 ± 6.88729 pg/mL (median = 49.55). In the obese patients, who had HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, the mean level of OPG was 54.19 ± 22.21 pg/mL (median = 48.47). No significant correlations were found between OPG and HOMA-IR (P = 0.791). No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean OPG between patients with hepatosteatosis (mean = 54.55 ± 25.01 pg/mL) (median = 49.46) and those without the disease (56.30 ± 24.02 pg/mL) (mean = 48.34) (P = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that serum OPG concentrations reduce in obese children. However, no correlation was identified between OPG and insulin resistance. OPG levels are not meaningful in the diagnosis of NAFLD in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Erol
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding Author: Meltem Erol, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90-2124404000-1344, Fax: +90-2124404242, E-mail:
| | - Ozlem Bostan Gayret
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Tekin Nacaroglu
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Yigit
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Zengi
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Akkurt
- Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tasdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nephology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Niu Y, Zhang W, Yang Z, Li X, Fang W, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou H, Fan J, Qin L, Su Q. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study in China. Metabolism 2016; 65:475-81. [PMID: 26975539 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nucleus factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG has an effect on systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS A case-control study was performed with 746 patients with type 2 diabetes. Of the study population, 367 patients had B-mode ultrasound-proven NAFLD and 379 were controls. The plasma OPG levels were measured using ELISA methods. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound after the exclusion of alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. RESULTS The OPG levels were significantly decreased in patients with NAFLD (2.3±1.1μg/L vs. 2.8±1.3μg/L, p=3.75×10(5)) compared to controls. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the OPG levels were associated with age and systolic blood pressure (both p<0.05). The participants in the lowest OPG quartile had a significantly increased risk for NAFLD (OR=3.49, 95% CI 1.86-6.94) after adjusting for potential cofounders. CONCLUSIONS The plasma OPG level is negatively associated with NAFLD independent of potential cofounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Houguang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Monseu M, Dubois S, Boursier J, Aubé C, Gagnadoux F, Lefthériotis G, Ducluzeau PH. Osteoprotegerin levels are associated with liver fat and liver markers in dysmetabolic adults. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:364-367. [PMID: 27016890 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat (LF) content, and other markers of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in dysmetabolic adults. METHODS Subjects from the NUMEVOX cohort were included if they fulfilled at least one MetS criterion. They then underwent a thorough metabolic and cardiovascular evaluation, including arterial stiffness, atherosclerotic plaques, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices and OPG. VAT and LF content were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound examination of arteries and arterial stiffness were recorded, and age- and gender-adjusted paired correlations calculated. RESULTS Body mass index, waist circumference and MRI-derived VAT correlated with OPG, whereas abdominal subcutaneous fat did not. OPG levels were strongly correlated with LF content (r=0.25, P=0.003), liver markers such as alanine aminotransferase (r=0.39, P<0.001) and HOMA-IR index (r=0.39, P<0.0001). Plasma OPG also correlated with arterial stiffness and the number of atherosclerotic sites. CONCLUSION Plasma OPG levels are positively associated with both liver markers and increased LF content, but not with subcutaneous fat in dysmetabolic men. These findings suggest that elevated OPG levels may play a role in the link between fatty liver disease and enhanced cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monseu
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France.
| | - S Dubois
- Department of Diabetology, CHU, Angers, France.
| | - J Boursier
- Department of Hepatology, CHU, Angers, France.
| | - C Aubé
- Department of Radiology, CHU, Angers, France.
| | - F Gagnadoux
- Department of Pneumology, CHU, Angers, France.
| | - G Lefthériotis
- Department of Vascular Explorations, CHU, Angers, France.
| | - P-H Ducluzeau
- Inserm UMR1069, "Nutrition, Growth and Cancer", CHRU Bretonneau, University of Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
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Neumann T, Lodes S, Kästner B, Franke S, Kiehntopf M, Lehmann T, Müller UA, Wolf G, Sämann A. Osteocalcin, adipokines and their associations with glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes. Bone 2016; 82:50-5. [PMID: 25888930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To determine osteocalcin (OC) and adipokines in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and healthy controls, and to explore possible associations between glucose and bone metabolism, body composition and adipokines. Serum levels of total OC, undercarboxylated (UC-OC), leptin, adiponectin, and other parameters of glucose and bone metabolism were measured in 128 patients with T1D (mean duration 21.2years) and in 77 healthy controls, matched for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Partial correlations (adjusted for age and gender) with parameters of body composition (BMI, fat body mass [derived from bone mineral density scans]), glycaemic control (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), daily insulin dose in T1D), skeletal homeostasis (osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), all measured in serum), and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were also examined. Independent predictors of total and UC-OC were then explored. Total OC was lower in males with T1D (16.3±6.4 vs. 22.2±9.9ng/ml; p=0.001), whereas UC-OC did not show group differences. Adiponectin was higher in T1D patients, both for males and females (8.9±6.6 vs. 5.7±2.5μg/ml; p=0.004 and 13.8±6.4 vs. 8.8±4.0μg/ml; p<0.001). IGF-1 was lower only in females with T1D (146.6±68.8 vs. 203.0±74.4ng/ml; p<0.001). BMI and fat body mass were similar in T1D and controls. In T1D patients, total OC was inversely correlated with BMI and HbA1c, and UC-OC inversely correlated with HbA1c. In T1D patients, leptin positively correlated with BMI, fat body mass and daily insulin dose, while adiponectin inversely correlated with BMI and daily insulin dose. Multivariate regression modelling showed that determinants of higher total OC levels were male gender (p=0.04, ß-coefficient=2.865) and lower HbA1c (p=0.04, ß-coefficient=-0.117), whereas determinants of UC-OC levels were T1D (p=0.016, ß-coefficient=2.015), higher IGF-1 (p=0.004, ß-coefficient=0.011) and lower HbA1c (p=0.011, ß-coefficient=- 0.061). Total OC and UC-OC are associated with good glycaemic control in T1D, with gender-specific differences for total-OC. The association of leptin and adiponectin with glycaemic control, as observed in controls, does not seem to be a feature in T1D, although both adipokines appear to be related to the insulin demand. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Bone and diabetes".
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Affiliation(s)
- T Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - S Lodes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - B Kästner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - S Franke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - T Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Sciences and Documentation, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - U A Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - G Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - A Sämann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University-Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Niu Y, Yang Z, Li X, Zhang W, Lu S, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Xing Y, Ning G, Qin L, Su Q. Association of osteoprotegerin with impaired glucose regulation and microalbuminuria: the REACTION study. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:75. [PMID: 26626139 PMCID: PMC4665817 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been reported in association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum OPG with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and microalbuminuria among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS Serum OPG was measured in 599 individuals with normal glucose regulation, 730 with impaired glucose regulation and 327 newly diagnosed patients with diabetes. Serum OPG was measured using ELISA methods and urine albumin/creatinine ratio was used to determine the urinary albumin excretion. RESULTS Serum OPG levels were significantly higher in subjects with isolated impaired fasting glucose, isolated impaired glucose tolerance, combined impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes than in those with normal glucose regulation, whereas serum OPG levels were not different in the four groups with dysregulation of glucose metabolism. OPG was associated with a higher risk for IGR (OR 1.108 for each 0.1 μg/l increase in OPG, 95% CI 1.009-1.117, p = 0.01) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI, current smoking and alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile; the corresponding OR of combined impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes was 1.121 (95% CI 1.101-1.141, p = 0.0005). OPG was associated with the risk of microalbuminuria (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.006-1.044, p = 0.02) after adjustment for gender, age, current smoking, current alcohol intake, family history of diabetes, BMI, waist/hip ratio, HOMA-IR, eGFR and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPG level is closely and independently associated with IGR and is an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingfei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yin Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Key Laboratory of Endocrine Tumors and the Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ayina Ayina CN, Sobngwi E, Essouma M, Noubiap JJN, Boudou P, Etoundi Ngoa LS, Gautier JF. Osteoprotegerin in relation to insulin resistance and blood lipids in sub-Saharan African women with and without abdominal obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:47. [PMID: 26034511 PMCID: PMC4450452 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that inhibits bone resorption, has been suggested as a potential marker of cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess the relationship between insulin resistance, lipid profile and OPG levels in obese and non-obese sub-Saharan African women. METHODS Sixty obese (44) and non-obese (16) volunteer women aged 18 to 40 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Their clinical (age, height, weight, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)) were measured using standard methods. Insulin levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, while OPG levels were measured using the ELISA technique. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), body mass index (BMI) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated using standard methods. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm. RESULTS OPG levels were higher in obese than in normal subjects, though the difference was not significant (p = 0.9). BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in obese than in non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). In these subjects, only age significantly correlated with OPG levels (r = 0.831, p = 0.003), while none of the anthropometric nor metabolic parameter did, even after adjustment for age. In obese subjects, OPG levels fairly correlated with HDL-C (r = 0.298, p = 0.058), and significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.438, p = 0.018). After adjustment for age, OPG levels remained negatively correlated to HOMA-IR (r = -0.516, p = 0.020) and LDL-C (r = -0.535, p = 0.015) and positively correlated to HDL-C (r = 0.615, p = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis, age was a main determinant of OPG levels in non-obese (β = 0.647, p = 0.006) and obese (β = 0.356, p = 0.044) women. HDL-C was also associated to OPG levels in obese women (β = 0.535, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The positive correlation of OPG with HDL-C and HOMA-IR, and its negative correlation with LDL-C suggest that it may be a marker of insulin sensitivity/resistance and atherogenic risk in obese African women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- />Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- />National Obesity Center, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mickael Essouma
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jacques N. Noubiap
- />Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- />Medical Diagnostic Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Boudou
- />Department of Hormonal Biology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Public Assistance - Paris Hospitals, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
- />Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Public Assistance - Paris Hospitals, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Serge Etoundi Ngoa
- />Department of Animal Science, Higher Teacher’s Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean François Gautier
- />Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Public Assistance - Paris Hospitals, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
- />INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
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Kosacka M, Piesiak P, Porebska I, Jankowska R. Correlations between osteoprotegerin serum levels and body composition parameters in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and the possible influence on cardiovascular risk. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2015; 21:239-44. [PMID: 25926255 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family and a key regulator in bone turnover; it plays a role in the development of many cardiovascular diseases and may be treated as a marker of vascular damage. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a reliable, non-invasive and effective technique for measuring body composition. The aim of the study was to evaluate correlations between osteoprotegerin serum levels and body composition parameters in sleep apnea patients and their influence on cardiovascular risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 125 patients with newly diagnosed OSA were enrolled in the study (including 34 females). The mean age was 54.48±8.81 years, mean AHI 33.16±20.44/h and mean BMI 33.76±7.18. A control group comprised 59 healthy subjects with mean age of 51.27±12.97 years and mean BMI 29.47±5.42. All subjects underwent a nocturnal respiratory polygraphy and body composition measurements were taken with bioelectrical impedance analysis. OPG serum levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS In OSA patients OPG correlated negatively with muscle mass percentage (MM%), phase angle, fat free mass percentage (FFM%) and body cell mass percentage (BCM%), while there was a positive correlation between osteoprotegerin and fat mass percentage (FM%). We demonstrated higher OPG serum levels in OSA patients with cardiovascular diseases than in those without comorbidities (4.01 vs 3.46pmol/l, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings, combined with previous observations in other diseases, suggest that elevated OPG serum levels together with selected body composition parameters may be helpful in identifying OSA patients with increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kosacka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - P Piesiak
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - I Porebska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - R Jankowska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Faienza MF, Luce V, Ventura A, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Cavallo L, Grano M, Brunetti G. Skeleton and glucose metabolism: a bone-pancreas loop. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:758148. [PMID: 25873957 PMCID: PMC4383460 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has been considered a structure essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic function. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of skeleton as an endocrine organ which regulates some metabolic pathways, in particular, insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. This review will point out the role of bone as an endocrine "gland" and, specifically, of bone-specific proteins, as the osteocalcin (Ocn), and proteins involved in bone remodeling, as osteoprotegerin, in the regulation of insulin function and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Luce
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ventura
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavallo
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- *Giacomina Brunetti:
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Pérez de Ciriza C, Lawrie A, Varo N. Osteoprotegerin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:564934. [PMID: 26078757 PMCID: PMC4442310 DOI: 10.1155/2015/564934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein traditionally implicated in bone remodelling, has been recently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human studies show a positive relationship between circulating OPG, vascular damage, and CVD, and as such OPG has emerged as a potential biomarker for CVD. This review focuses on the relationship between circulating OPG and different endocrine cardiometabolic alterations such as type 1 and 2 diabetes. The association of OPG with diabetic complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, or retinopathy) as well as with atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, morbidity, and mortality is pointed out. Moreover, OPG modulation by different treatments is also established. Besides, other associated diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, which are known cardiovascular risk factors, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pérez de Ciriza
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. Lawrie
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - N. Varo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pío XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- *N. Varo:
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López-Mejias R, Ubilla B, Genre F, Corrales A, Hernández JL, Ferraz-Amaro I, Tsang L, Llorca J, Blanco R, González-Juanatey C, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Dessein PH. Osteoprotegerin concentrations relate independently to established cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2014; 42:39-45. [PMID: 25362655 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentrations are associated with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS OPG concentrations were measured by ELISA in 151 patients with RA (54 with CVD) and 62 age-matched control subjects without CVD. Established CVD was composed of documented ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. RESULTS In patients with RA, age, body mass index (BMI), rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody positivity, and joint erosion status were associated with OPG concentrations [partial R (p) = 0.175 (0.03), -0.277 (0.0009), 0.323 (< 0.0001), 0.217 (0.008), and 0.159 (0.05), respectively]. Median (interquartile range) OPG concentrations increased from 6.38 (3.46-9.31) to 7.07 (5.04-10.65) and 8.64 (6.00-11.52) ng/ml in controls and patients with RA who had CVD and those who did not, respectively (p = 0.0002). Upon adjustment for age, sex, traditional risk factors, and BMI in mixed regression models, OPG concentrations remained lower in controls compared to patients with RA without CVD (p = 0.05) and in the latter compared to those with CVD (p = 0.03); the association of OPG concentrations with CVD among patients with RA also persisted after additional adjustment for RF and anti-CCP antibody positivity, and erosion status (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION OPG concentrations are associated with disease severity and CVD prevalence in patients with RA. Whether consideration of OPG concentrations can improve CVD risk stratification in RA merits future longitudinal investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel López-Mejias
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Begoña Ubilla
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Fernanda Genre
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Alfonso Corrales
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - José L Hernández
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Ivan Ferraz-Amaro
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Linda Tsang
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Javier Llorca
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Carlos González-Juanatey
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Gay
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
| | - Patrick H Dessein
- From the Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, and the Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Santander; the Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife; the Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; the Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.P.H. Dessein and M.A. Gonzalez-Gay share senior authorship.R. López-Mejias, PhD; B. Ubilla, BSc; F. Genre, PhD; A. Corrales, MD, PhD; R. Blanco, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV; J.L. Hernández, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, RETICEF, IFIMAV; I. Ferraz-Amaro, MD, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de Canarias; L. Tsang; P.H. Dessein, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP(UK), PhD, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and CIBERESP, IFIMAV; C. Gonzalez-Juanatey, MD, PhD, Cardiology Division, Hospital Lucus Augusti; M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IFIMAV
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Albu A, Bondor CI, Crăciun AM, Fodor D. Circulating osteoprotegerin and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal non diabetic women. Adv Med Sci 2014; 59:293-8. [PMID: 25240503 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a bone metabolism regulator but it is also involved in vascular calcification. Its role in the development of atherosclerosis is still a subject of debate. Postmenopausal women seem to have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between serum OPG and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal non-diabetic women. MATERIAL/METHODS Carotid artery examination was performed in 100 postmenopausal women without diabetes mellitus and overt cardiovascular disease, using B-mode ultrasonography to determine the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaques. Serum OPG was measured in all study participants and its relationship with clinical, biochemical and vascular parameters was evaluated. RESULTS CIMT correlated with age (r=0.45, p<0.001), years since menopause (r=0.30, p=0.003), abdominal circumference (r=0.25, p=0.01) and OPG (r=0.23, p=0.02). Carotid plaques correlated with age (p<0.001), obesity (p=0.03), abdominal circumference (p=0.03) and CIMT (p<0.001), but not with serum OPG (p=0.86). In regression analyses the independent predictors for CIMT were age (β=0.717, p<0.001), OPG (β=0.214, p=0.02), and years since menopause (β=-0.334, p=0.04) and for the presence of carotid plaques were obesity (p=0.04, OR=3.90), CIMT (p<0.001, OR=6408.86) and smoking (p=0.02, OR=687.93). CONCLUSION OPG is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, CIMT, but not with the presence of asymptomatic carotid plaques in non diabetic postmenopausal women. OPG may be a marker of cardiovascular risk.
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Bernardi S, Fabris B, Thomas M, Toffoli B, Tikellis C, Candido R, Catena C, Mulatero P, Barbone F, Radillo O, Zauli G, Secchiero P. Osteoprotegerin increases in metabolic syndrome and promotes adipose tissue proinflammatory changes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 394:13-20. [PMID: 24998520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is believed to link obesity to insulin resistance, as in the setting of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble protein that seems to exert proatherogenic and prodiabetogenic effects. This study aims at determining OPG levels in MetS and whether OPG might contribute to MetS development and progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Circulating OPG was measured in 46 patients with MetS and 63 controls, and was found significantly elevated in those with MetS. In addition, circulating and tissue OPG was significantly increased in high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL6 mice, which is one of the animal models for the study of MetS. To evaluate the consequences of OPG elevation, we delivered this protein to C57BL6 mice, finding that it promoted systemic and adipose tissue proinflammatory changes in association with metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that OPG may trigger adipose tissue proinflammatory changes in MetS/HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bernardi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Merlin Thomas
- Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Christos Tikellis
- Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | | | - Cristiana Catena
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Udine, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
| | - Oriano Radillo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 66, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Pedone C, Napoli N, Pozzilli P, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Rossi FF, Antonelli-Incalzi R. Bone health as a function of adipokines and vitamin D pattern in elderly patients. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:467-74. [PMID: 23829612 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are involved in bone metabolism, but the evidence regarding their effects is not conclusive. We analyzed the relationship between these adipokines, vitamin D, and bone health using a cluster analysis approach. METHODS We used cross-sectional data coming from the InCHIANTI study, in which bone density and area were estimated using computed tomography. The sample size was 690 (women, 57.5%; mean age, 75.2 years; range, 65-102). Five clusters were generated on the basis of gender, age, adipokines, and vitamin D concentrations. The clusters were characterized, respectively, by higher resistin and older age (hR-O, n=134), higher vitamin D and younger age (hD-Y, n=152), higher adiponectin (hA, n=65), and higher leptin (hL, n=52). The last cluster had intermediate values of all the constituting variables (I, n=287). The clusters were compared with respect to bone parameters and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Cluster hR-O had the lowest total and cortical bone density. Cluster hD-Y had the lowest adiponectin (9.29 g/mL) and leptin (7.9 ng/mL) serum concentrations, the highest prevalence of men (71.1%), and total/cortical bone density and area. No statistically significant difference across clusters was observed for age- and sex-standardized measures of bone mineral density and bone area, but leptin was associated with these parameters in a linear model adjusted for age, gender, vitamin D, resistin, and leptin. CONCLUSIONS In an elderly population, age and sex almost completely explain the variability in bone status across cluster characterized by different levels of circulating adipokines and vitamin D. The role of leptin, however, seems worthy of consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pedone
- 1 Geriatric Unit, "Campus Biomedico" University , Roma, Italy
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Ayina Ayina CN, Boudou P, Fidaa I, Balti EV, Sobngwi E, Etoundi Ngoa LS, Gautier JF. Osteoprotegerin is not a determinant of metabolic syndrome in sub-Saharan Africans after age adjustment. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2014; 75:165-70. [PMID: 25063075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that inhibits bone resorption, has been suggested as a cardiovascular risk factor in humans. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential relationship between OPG and MetS (MetS) in a sub-Saharan African population. METHODS Four hundred and eleven volunteers (152 men, 259 women) aged ≥18 years recruited from the general population in Douala and Edea, Cameroon participated in this study. Anthropometric parameters measured and blood samples were collected for glucose, serum lipids and OPG concentrations measurements. Mean differences of the variables in different groups were compared using Students' t test. We performed logistic regressions to analyze the impact of independent factors on the relation between OPG and MetS outcome. MetS was defined using the Joint Interim Statement 2009. RESULTS OPG levels did not vary significantly between both men and women with and without MetS (both P>0.05). However, with high fasting blood glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L) had a significantly higher OPG level than those with lower glucose level (P=0.014). In multiple logistic regression analysis, MetS did not show any significant association with serum OPG levels in men and women after adjusting for age, physical activity, alcohol consumption and menopausal status in women (P=0.720 and P=0.930 respectively). CONCLUSION This study failed to demonstrate any relationship between OPG and MetS. Nevertheless, the positive association between blood glucose and OPG levels reveals that OPG might be involved in cardiovascular risk development in this sub-Saharan African population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Boudou
- Department of hormonal biology, Saint-Louis hospital, university Paris-Diderot Paris-7, PO Box 75010, Public assistance-Paris Hospitals, 75013 Paris, France; UMR-S Inserm 872, Cordeliers research center, Pierre et Marie-Curie university Paris-6, Paris, France
| | - Ibrahim Fidaa
- Department of hormonal biology, Saint-Louis hospital, university Paris-Diderot Paris-7, PO Box 75010, Public assistance-Paris Hospitals, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Vounsia Balti
- Diabetes research center, Brussels Free university-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Institute of health and society, university of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of internal medicine, national obesity center, faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences, university of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 7535, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Laurent Serge Etoundi Ngoa
- Department of animal science, higher teacher's training college, university of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean François Gautier
- University center of diabetes and complications in Lariboisière hospital, university Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Public assistance-Paris Hospitals, Paris, France; UMR-S Inserm 872, Cordeliers research center, Pierre et Marie-Curie university Paris-6, Paris, France
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Adipose tissue cytokines: Relation to glycemic control, insulin resistance and biochemical bone markers in type 2 diabetic Saudi male patients. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
In adipocytes the hydrolysis of TAG to produce fatty acids and glycerol under fasting conditions or times of elevated energy demands is tightly regulated by neuroendocrine signals, resulting in the activation of lipolytic enzymes. Among the classic regulators of lipolysis, adrenergic stimulation and the insulin-mediated control of lipid mobilisation are the best known. Initially, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was thought to be the rate-limiting enzyme of the first lipolytic step, while we now know that adipocyte TAG lipase is the key enzyme for lipolysis initiation. Pivotal, previously unsuspected components have also been identified at the protective interface of the lipid droplet surface and in the signalling pathways that control lipolysis. Perilipin, comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) and other proteins of the lipid droplet surface are currently known to be key regulators of the lipolytic machinery, protecting or exposing the TAG core of the droplet to lipases. The neuroendocrine control of lipolysis is prototypically exerted by catecholaminergic stimulation and insulin-induced suppression, both of which affect cyclic AMP levels and hence the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. Interestingly, in recent decades adipose tissue has been shown to secrete a large number of adipokines, which exert direct effects on lipolysis, while adipocytes reportedly express a wide range of receptors for signals involved in lipid mobilisation. Recently recognised mediators of lipolysis include some adipokines, structural membrane proteins, atrial natriuretic peptides, AMP-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Lipolysis needs to be reanalysed from the broader perspective of its specific physiological or pathological context since basal or stimulated lipolytic rates occur under diverse conditions and by different mechanisms.
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Jiang XY, Cai J, Wang HB, Li X, Chen Y, Wang J, Lin RY. TNFRSF11B polymorphisms are associated with metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups. Endocr Res 2014; 39:34-8. [PMID: 23772656 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.797433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Introduction: To test whether genetic variants of osteoprotegerin gene (TNFRSF11B) affect metabolic traits (body mass index [BMI], glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol) and bone mass traits. METHODS We conducted a population based association study to investigate associations of eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of the TNFRSF11B gene with the aforementioned traits in a Chinese Han population and an ethnic group admixed with Caucasians and Asians - Uyghur. The associations between the tSNPs and bone mass density (BMD) were also tested in Han population. RESULTS We found that SNP rs3102727, located in the first intron of the TNFRSF11B gene, was significantly associated with triglyceride levels in Uyghur population and Han population simultaneously. T allele of the rs3102727 variant was associated with a 0.10 mmol/L and 0.09 mmol/L lower level of triglyceride than C allele in Uyghur (p = 0.019) and Han subjects (p = 0.037), respectively. In addition, the T allele is also associated with a lower level of hip BMD (p = 0.025) and total BMD (p = 0.048). Further, we found significant associations between SNP rs11573869 and BMI in Uyghur subjects and SNP rs3134062 with hip BMD in Han sbujects. Rs11573869-T allele was associated with a 0.81 kg/m(2) lower level of BMI than C allele (p = 0.002) and the hip BMD decreases with the copy of rs3134062-T allele increases (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION We detected novel associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and metabolic traits in Uyghur and Han populations. In addition, we found associations between TNFRSF11B polymorphisms and bone mass traits in Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Basic Research in Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Harith HH, Morris MJ, Kavurma MM. On the TRAIL of obesity and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:578-87. [PMID: 23948591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been extensively studied for its preferential ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Beyond the cytotoxic capacity of TRAIL, new physiological and pathological roles for TRAIL have been identified, and there is now growing evidence supporting its involvement in the development of obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes the most recent findings associating TRAIL with obesity and diabetes in both humans and experimental settings. We also present and discuss some of the reported controversies behind TRAIL signaling and function. Understanding TRAIL mechanism(s) in vivo and its involvement in disease may lead to novel strategies to combat the growing pandemic of obesity and diabetes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis H Harith
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400
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Glintborg D, Hermann AP, Rasmussen LM, Andersen M. Plasma osteoprotegerin is associated with testosterone levels but unaffected by pioglitazone treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:460-5. [PMID: 23211475 DOI: 10.3275/8767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and decreased bone resorption. Pioglitazone treatment reduces the inflammatory state but may decrease bone mineral density (BMD). OPG levels during pioglitazone treatment have not previously been evaluated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma OPG levels were measured in 30 PCOS patients before and after randomized treatment with 30 mg pioglitazone/placebo for 16 weeks. Fourteen age- and body mass index-matched healthy women were included as controls. Clinical and hormonal evaluations and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed in all participants. RESULTS OPG levels were comparable in PCOS patients [12.0 (10.5-14.6) ng/ml] and controls [12.9 (11.7-14.9) ng/ml]. In PCOS patients (no.=30), OPG levels were positively associated with testosterone (r=0.43), PRL (r=0.47), Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (r=0.43), and hip BMD, whereas inverse associations were found between OPG levels and triglyceride (r=-0.49) and free fatty acid levels during euglycemic clamps (r=-0.38), all p<0.05. Pioglitazone treatment significantly decreased inflammatory markers, insulin sensitivity, and BMD without affecting OPG levels. CONCLUSIONS OPG levels were comparable in PCOS patients and controls and unchanged during insulin sensitizing treatment with pioglitazone. OPG levels were associated with BMD in PCOS. Future studies need to evaluate OPG as a marker of cardiovascular disease in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 3rd floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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The association of insulin resistance with serum osteoprotegerin in obese adolescents. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:847-53. [PMID: 23695991 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some data indicate a potential relationship between insulin resistance level and the concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the body. There have been few studies concerning OPG level and its relationship with insulin resistance and body composition in young people. The aim of this study was to assess serum osteoprotegerin concentration in obese adolescents, and to evaluate its potential association with insulin resistance. Seventy-eight obese adolescents and 20 healthy volunteers aged 12-18 years were recruited in the study. Selected anthropometrical measurements and blood biochemical analyses were performed. Insulin resistance in the participants was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) protocol. Level of OPG was assessed in serum. Obese subjects had significantly higher HOMA-IR indices and OPG levels in serum than the control group. A significant positive correlation between OPG and insulin resistance was found. It was observed that high concentrations of osteoprotegerin are associated with insulin resistance in obese adolescents.
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Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a 401 amino acid N-glycosylated protein, which is highly expressed in a large number of tissues. OPG mainly binds to two ligands, i.e. RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor- related apoptosis-inducing ligand). Upon binding to the former ligand, OPG inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts, whereas the binding of OPG with TRAIL prevents apoptosis of tumor cells. There is now emerging evidence that OPG participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases by amplifying the adverse effects of inflammation and several traditional risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Some epidemiological studies also showed a positive association between OPG levels and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main biochemical, physiological, and pathological aspects of OPG biology in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Montagnana
- Chemistry and Clinical Microscopy Section, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University Hospital of Verona, Italy.
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Augoulea A, Vrachnis N, Lambrinoudaki I, Dafopoulos K, Iliodromiti Z, Daniilidis A, Varras M, Alexandrou A, Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G. Osteoprotegerin as a marker of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:182060. [PMID: 23401681 PMCID: PMC3562657 DOI: 10.1155/2013/182060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has many risk factors, among which is diabetes. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble glycoprotein, involved in bone metabolism. OPG is also found in other tissues, and studies have shown that it is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. OPG has been implicated in various inflammations and also has been linked to diabetes mellitus. Increased serum OPG levels were found in patients with diabetes and poor glycemic control. Furthermore, prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes have significantly increased OPG levels. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) is not found in the vasculature in normal conditions, but may appear in calcifying areas. OPG and RANKL are important regulators of mineral metabolism in both bone and vascular tissues. Few data are available on the relationship between plasma OPG/RANKL levels and endothelial dysfunction as assessed using noninvasive methods like ultrasound indexes, neither in the general population nor, more specifically, in diabetic patients. The aim of our review study was to investigate, based on the existing data, these interrelationships in order to identify a means of predicting, via noninvasive methods, later development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Augoulea
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
- Obstetric-Gynecological Unit and Research Center, Evgenideio Hospital, University of Athens, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
- Obstetric-Gynecological Unit and Research Center, Evgenideio Hospital, University of Athens, 11526 Athens, Greece
- *Nikolaos Vrachnis:
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoe Iliodromiti
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- 2nd University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hippokratio General Hospital, University of Thessaloniki Medical School, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General District Hospital “Helena Venizelou”, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - George Creatsas
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaeio Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece
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Lambrinoudaki I, Tsouvalas E, Vakaki M, Kaparos G, Stamatelopoulos K, Augoulea A, Pliatsika P, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Karavanaki K. Osteoprotegerin, Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor- κ B Ligand, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:102120. [PMID: 24288529 PMCID: PMC3833004 DOI: 10.1155/2013/102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. To evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and biomarkers of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor- κ B ligand (OPG/RANKL) system in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) children and adolescents and controls. Subjects and Methods. Fifty six T1DM patients (mean ± SD age: 12.0 ± 2.7 years, diabetes duration: 5.42 ± 2.87 years and HbA1c: 8.0 ± 1.5%) and 28 healthy matched controls, were studied with anthropometric and laboratory measurements, including serum OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and cIMT. Results. Anthropometric, laboratory, and cIMT measurements were similar between T1DM youngsters and controls. However patients with longer diabetes duration (>/7.0 years) had indicatively higher cIMT (cIMT = 0.49 vs 0.44 mm, P 0.072) and triglyceride levels than the rest of the patients (93.7 vs 64.6 mg/dl, P 0.025). Both in the total study population (β 0.418, P 0.027) and among T1DM patients separately (β 0.604, P 0.013), BMI was the only factor associated with cIMT. BMI was further associated with OPG in both groups (β -0.335, P 0.003 and β -0.356, P 0.008 respectively), while sRANKL levels were not associated with any factor. Conclusions. BMI was the strongest independent predictor of cIMT among the whole population, and especially in diabetics, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of diabetes and adiposity on atherosclerotic burden. BMI was overall strongly associated with circulating OPG, but the causes of this association remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tsouvalas
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes & Metabolism Clinic, University of Athens, “P&A Kyriakou” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Vakaki
- Radiology Department, “P&A Kyriakou” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Kaparos
- Hormonal Laboratory, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Therapeutics, University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Augoulea
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Areti Augoulea:
| | - Paraskevi Pliatsika
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Alexandrou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Creatsa
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Karavanaki
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes & Metabolism Clinic, University of Athens, “P&A Kyriakou” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Guzel S, Seven A, Kocaoglu A, Ilk B, Guzel EC, Saracoglu GV, Celebi A. Osteoprotegerin, leptin and IL-6: association with silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10:25-31. [PMID: 22496403 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112440815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients often exhibit severe, asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG), inflammatory markers and silent myocardial ischemia remains to be elucidated. METHODS We recruited 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 33 healthy controls and assessed them for silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) by myocardial perfusion imaging. Patient blood was tested for OPG, IL-6 and leptin concentrations. RESULTS OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels were found significantly elevated in diabetic patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Based on our classification of presence/absence of SMI in our diabetic group, we found that there was a significant association between SMI and the biomarkers IL-6 (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.001) and OPG (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, OPG was found to be significantly related to diabetes mellitus and to SMI. Age, sex and smoking increased the association between OPG and SMI. CONCLUSION High OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels are associated with the presence and severity of SMI in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University, 100.YilMah. Barbaros Cad, no. 132, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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O'Sullivan EP, Ashley DT, Davenport C, Penugonda L, Kelleher G, Devlin N, Crowley R, O'Shea P, Agha A, Thompson CJ, O'Gorman DJ, Smith D. A comparison of osteoprotegerin with adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker for insulin resistance. Metabolism 2013; 62:34-8. [PMID: 22841521 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with low adiponectin and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been shown to be elevated in type 2 diabetes, but whether it reflects underlying IR is unclear. We aimed to compare the ability of serum OPG with adiponectin and hsCRP to act as a marker for IR in individuals with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance. MATERIALS/METHODS 115 men underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. OPG, hsCRP and adiponectin were measured using ELISA. IR was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Men with abnormal glucose tolerance (n=38) were older (58.3±11.2 vs 47.3±11.4 years, P<.001), had higher body mass index (BMI) (31.1±2.9 vs 27.9±3.2 kg/m(2), P<.001) and were more insulin resistant (median (I.Q.) HOMA-IR 5.88 (3.38) vs 1.13 (1.14), P<.001) than those with normal glucose tolerance (n=77). After adjustment for age and BMI, OPG (6.28 (2.32) vs 5.16 (1.86) pmol/L, P<.001) and hsCRP (2.07 (5.47) vs 0.78 (1.05) mg/L, P<.001) were higher and adiponectin (3.02±1.17 vs 4.78±2.38 μg/mL, P<.001) was lower in those with AGT. After adjustment for age and BMI, adiponectin (r=-0.317, P<.001) and hsCRP (r=0.318, P<.001), but not OPG (r=0.126, P=.196) correlated with HOMA-IR. On multiple linear regression analysis, adiponectin and hsCRP but not OPG were independent predictors of HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS OPG is higher in individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance, but unlike adiponectin and hsCRP, does not correlate with HOMA-IR, suggesting its elevation within this cohort of individuals is due to factors other than insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P O'Sullivan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Olesen M, Skov V, Mechta M, Mumm BH, Rasmussen LM. No influence of OPG and its ligands, RANKL and TRAIL, on proliferation and regulation of the calcification process in primary human vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 362:149-56. [PMID: 22698523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the OPG-RANKL-TRAIL system on proliferation, regulation of calcification-associated genes and calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs). Small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown of OPG was followed by treatment of HVSMCs with recombinant RANKL or TRAIL. Regulation of a calcification-associated gene set was assayed by pathway analysis of microarray results. The lack of OPG in HVSMCs or treatment with RANKL or TRAIL did not affect proliferation of HVSMCs. In addition, OPG, RANKL or TRAIL did not modify the regulation of a calcification-associated gene set. Finally, in the long term calcification assay, we found that cells isolated from seven different human donors showed a great variability in the response to RANKL and insulin. However, overall RANKL and/or insulin did not affect the development of calcification of HVSMCs. These studies indicate that OPG knockdown does not alter the calcification process in HVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Olesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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Inflammatory markers and bariatric surgery: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:789-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Tenta R, Kontogianni MD, Yiannakouris N. Association between circulating levels of adiponectin and indices of bone mass and bone metabolism in middle-aged post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:306-11. [PMID: 21606670 DOI: 10.3275/7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin, a fat derived cytokine, is a potential independent contributor to bone mineral density (BMD); however, its action on bone metabolism in humans is still unclear. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of adiponectin with bone mass indices and bone metabolic markers in middle-aged post-menopausal women without diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A random sample consisted of 81 post-menopausal women (age range 45-61 yr, osteopenic/osteoporotic no.=43) was studied. Lumbar-spine BMD (BMD(L2-L4)) and total-body bone mineral content (TBBMC) were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and IGF-I were determined. RESULTS No association was observed between total or HMW adiponectin and BMD(L2-L4) or TBBMC. On the contrary, adiponectin levels were positively associated with OPG levels (partial r=0.276, p=0.015) and negatively with IGF-I (partial r=-0.438, p<0.001), in multiple regression models after adjustment for potential confounders. HMW adiponectin showed a negative association with IGF-I (partial r=-0.266, p=0.049) in the multiple regression models but not with OPG, TBBMC or BMD(L2-L4). CONCLUSIONS Although we failed to show statistically significant association between circulating adiponectin levels and indices of bone mass in women during the postmenopausal period, we showed significant associations with OPG and IGF-I levels, suggesting an anabolic role of adiponectin, which may contribute in the understanding of the interplay between adipose tissue-derived hormones and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Reyes-García R, Rozas-Moreno P, Muñoz-Torres M. Enfermedad cardiovascular y metabolismo óseo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 58:353-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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