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Yoon CY, Arlinghaus KR, Ledoux TA, Johnston CA, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010-2018 cohort. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e95. [PMID: 38384116 PMCID: PMC10993067 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents. DESIGN Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status. SETTING Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (n 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010-2018 in 2009-2010 (Mage = 14·3 years) and 2017-2018 (Mage = 22·0 years). RESULTS The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics (β = 5·43, β = 5·39 and β = 6·46, respectively; all P-values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15-85th and 85-95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (P-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (P-values > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y Yoon
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Arlinghaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tracey A Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Martinez CF, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study. Nutr J 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38369481 PMCID: PMC10875855 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast quality, together with regularity of breakfast, has been suggested to be associated with cardiometabolic health advantages. We aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast and its socioeconomic and psychosocial correlates in a large sample of the Italian population. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses on 7,673 adult and 505 children/adolescent regular breakfast eaters from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES; 2010-2013). Dietary data were collected through a single 24-h dietary recall. Breakfast quality was assessed through the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) combining intake of ten food groups, energy, and nutrients of public health concern, and potentially ranging from 0 to 10. The association of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with BQI were analyzed by multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS The average BQI was 4.65 (SD ± 1.13) and 4.97 (SD ± 1.00) in adults and children/adolescents, respectively. Amongst adults, older age (β = 0.19; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.31 for > 65 vs. 20-40 years) and having a high educational level (β = 0.13; 0.03 to 0.23; for postsecondary vs. up to elementary) were independent predictors of better breakfast quality, while men reported lower BQI (β = -0.08; -0.14 to -0.02 vs. women). Perceived stress levels at home and work and financial stress were inversely associated with BQI. Children/adolescents living in Central and Southern Italian regions had lower BQI compared to residents in Northern Italy (β = -0.55; -0.91 to -0.19 and β = -0.24; -0.47 to -0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In adults, breakfast quality was associated with age, sex, and educational level. Perceived stress levels were inversely associated with the quality of breakfast. In children/adolescents, a north-south gradient in breakfast quality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francisca Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University "Giuseppe Degennaro", Casamassima, BA, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
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3
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Duncan MJ, Belita E, Amores A, Riazi NA, Carsley S, Vanderloo LM, Carson V, Chaput JP, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Changes in breakfast and water consumption among adolescents in Canada: examining the impact of COVID-19 in worsening inequity. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38317176 PMCID: PMC10840267 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether changes in breakfast and water consumption during the first full school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic varied based on sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status among Canadian adolescents. METHODS Prospective annual survey data collected pre- (October 2019-March 2020) and post-COVID-19 onset (November 2020-June 2021) the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study. The sample consisted of 8,128 students; mean (SD) age = 14.2 (1.3) years from a convenience sample of 41 Canadian secondary schools. At both timepoints self-reported breakfast and water consumption were dichotomized as daily or not. Multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations with school clustering were used to estimate differences in maintenance/adoption of daily consumption post-COVID-19 based on demographic factors, while controlling for pre-COVID-19 behaviour. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals are reported. Females (AOR = 0.71 [0.63, 0.79]) and lower socioeconomic status individuals (AORLowest:Highest=0.41 [0.16, 1.00]) were less likely to maintain/adopt daily breakfast consumption than male and higher socioeconomic status peers in the 2020-2021 school year. Black identifying individuals were less likely than all other racial/ethnic identities to maintain/adopt plain water consumption every day of the week (AOR = 0.33 [0.15, 0.75], p < 0.001). No significant interaction effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that changes in nutritional behaviours were not equal across demographic groups. Female, lower socioeconomic status, and Black adolescents reported greater declines in healthy nutritional behaviours. Public health interventions to improve adherence to daily breakfast and water consumption should target these segments of the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not a trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Angelica Amores
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor St. W., Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, 1201 Western Rd., London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. East, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Fiore G, Scapaticci S, Neri CR, Azaryah H, Escudero-Marín M, Pascuzzi MC, La Mendola A, Mameli C, Chiarelli F, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad122. [PMID: 37944081 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake. OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk. DATA EXTRACTION A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (≤6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (≥4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (≤3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scapaticci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Costanza R Neri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martina C Pascuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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5
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Palomar-Cros A, Srour B, Andreeva VA, Fezeu LK, Bellicha A, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Romaguera D, Kogevinas M, Touvier M. Associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of type 2 diabetes in the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1486-1497. [PMID: 37328450 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food intake plays a pivotal role in regulating circadian rhythms, which modulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, studies investigating the association of meal timing and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of T2D. METHODS In total, 103 312 adults [79% women, mean age at baseline = 42.7 (SD = 14.6)] from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-21) were included. Participants' meal timings and frequency were assessed using repeated 24-h dietary records and averaged from the first 2 years of follow-up (5.7 records/participant). Associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of T2D were assessed by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 963 new cases of T2D were ascertained. Compared with participants habitually having a first meal before 8AM, those eating after 9AM had a higher incidence of T2D (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30-1.94). Time of last meal was not associated with T2D incidence. Each additional eating episode was associated with a lower incidence of T2D (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). Night-time fasting duration was not associated with T2D incidence, except in participants having breakfast before 8AM and fasting for >13 h overnight (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.82). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, a later first meal was associated with a higher incidence of T2D. If confirmed in other large-scale studies, an early breakfast should be considered in preventing T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palomar-Cros
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, Barcelona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
- Nutrition And Cancer Research Network (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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6
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Stotz SA, Hebert LE, Charron-Prochownik D, Scarton L, Moore KR, Sereika SM. Relationship between food insecurity and a gestational diabetes risk reduction intervention: outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native adolescent and young adult females. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:645-665. [PMID: 37353950 PMCID: PMC10496435 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are disproportionately impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), subsequent type 2 diabetes, and food insecurity. It is prudent to decrease risk of GDM prior to pregnancy to decrease the intergenerational cycle of diabetes in AI/AN communities. The purpose of this project is to describe and examine food insecurity, healthy eating self-efficacy, and healthy eating behaviors among AI/AN females (12-24 years old) as related to GDM risk reduction. Methods included: secondary analysis of healthy eating self-efficacy and behaviors, and household-level food insecurity measures from an randomized controlled trial that tested the effect of engagement in a GDM risk reduction educational intervention on knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy for GDM risk reduction from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Participants were AI/AN daughters (12-24 years old) and their mothers (N = 149 dyads). Researchers found that more than one-third (38.1%) reported food insecurity. At baseline food insecurity was associated with higher levels of eating vegetables and fruit for the full sample (p = .045) and cohabitating dyads (p = .002). By 3 months healthy eating self-efficacy (p = .048) and limiting snacking between meals (p = .031) improved more in the control group than the intervention group only for cohabitating dyads. For the full sample, the intervention group had increases in times eating vegetables (p = .022) and fruit (p = .015), whereas the control group had declines. In the full sample, food insecurity did not moderate the group by time interaction for self-efficacy for healthy eating (p ≥ .05) but did moderate the group by time interaction for times drinking soda (p = .004) and days eating breakfast (p = .013). For cohabitating dyads, food insecurity did moderate self-efficacy for eating 3 meals a day (p = .024) and days eating breakfast (p = .012). These results suggest food insecurity is an important factor regarding the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce GDM risk and offer unique insight on "upstream causes" of GDM health disparities among AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stotz
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado School of Public Health, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Luciana E Hebert
- Institute for Research and Education Advancing Community Health (IREACH) at the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine at Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise Charron-Prochownik
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Scarton
- University of Florida, School of Nursing, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems Science, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly R Moore
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado School of Public Health, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan M Sereika
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Morari V, Champion RB, Bailey DP, Ferrandino LE, Jones RL. Acute Cardiometabolic and Exercise Responses to Breakfast Omission Versus Breakfast Consumption in Adolescent Girls: A Randomised Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3210. [PMID: 37513628 PMCID: PMC10386247 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Girls often begin to skip breakfast during adolescence. This study compared the acute effect of breakfast omission versus consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers and perceived appetite and mood during rest and/or exercise in adolescent girls classified as habitual breakfast consumers. Girls (aged 13.2 ± 0.7 years) completed two 5.5 h conditions in a randomised crossover design: breakfast omission (BO) and standardised breakfast consumption (BC). A standardised lunch was provided at 3 h. Incremental cycling exercise was performed at 5 h. Blood and expired gas samples were taken at regular intervals. Whilst pre-lunch plasma glucose, insulin, and Metabolic Load Index incremental area under the curve (IAUC) were significantly lower in BO versus BC, post-lunch differences were reversed and larger in magnitude. Peak plasma glucose and insulin were significantly higher in BO versus BC. Pre-lunch perceived fullness and hunger were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in BO versus BC. Perceived energy and concentration were lower, and tiredness was higher, in BO versus BC. Exercise peak fat oxidation and Fatmax were unaffected. The lower physical activity enjoyment in BO versus BC approached significance. To conclude, acutely omitting breakfast adversely affects cardiometabolic risk markers and exercise enjoyment among adolescent girls who habitually consume breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Victoria Morari
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Rachael B Champion
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Louise E Ferrandino
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK
- Health Advancement Research Team (HART), School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
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8
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Lazzeri G, Ciardullo S, Spinelli A, Pierannunzio D, Dzielska A, Kelly C, Thorsteinsson EB, Qirjako G, Geraets A, Ojala K, Rouche M, Nardone P. The Correlation between Adolescent Daily Breakfast Consumption and Socio-Demographic: Trends in 23 European Countries Participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (2002-2018). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112453. [PMID: 37299415 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day and can benefit adolescent health in several ways. The aims of the present study were (1) to identify adolescents' socio-demographic (sex, family affluence and family structure) determinants of daily breakfast consumption (DBC) and (2) to describe trends in DBC among adolescents across 23 countries. Cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of adolescents (aged 11, 13, and 15 years) (n = 589,737) participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2002 to 2018 were used. Multilevel logistic regression analyses modeled DBC over time, adjusted for family affluence, family structure and year of survey. Four countries showed an increased trend in DBC (the Netherlands, Macedonia, Slovenia, and England). A significant decrease in DBC was observed in 15 countries (Belgium-Fr, France, Germany, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden). In 4 countries no significant change was observed (Czech Republic, Scotland, Ireland and Norway). In most of the countries (n = 19), DBC was higher among the adolescents from high-affluence homes. In all the countries analysed, the adolescents living in two-parent households report higher DBC use than those in single-parent households. More than half of the countries showed a decrease in DBC. There is a need to implement key interventions by developing different strategies (education, incorporating educational curriculum and counselling programmes) to increase DBC. Comparing DBC patterns across HBSC countries is important for understanding regional and global trends, monitoring strategies, and developing health promotion programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pierannunzio
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Einar B. Thorsteinsson School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Gentiana Qirjako
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, 8RRM+W7X Tirana, Albania
| | - Anouk Geraets
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kristiina Ojala
- Research Center for Health Promotion, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Manon Rouche
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP598 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Zečević K, Popović N, Vuksanović Božarić A, Vukmirović M, Rizzo M, Muzurović E. Timing Is Important-Management of Metabolic Syndrome According to the Circadian Rhythm. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041171. [PMID: 37189789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes occur in accordance with a rhythm regulated by the endogenous biological clock. This clock is programmed at the molecular level and synchronized with the daily light-dark cycle, as well as activities such as feeding, exercise, and social interactions. It consists of the core clock genes, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Protein Kaput (CLOCK) and Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like protein 1 (BMAL1), and their products, the period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY) proteins, as well as an interlocked feedback loop which includes reverse-strand avian erythroblastic leukemia (ERBA) oncogene receptors (REV-ERBs) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORs). These genes are involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways and hormone release. Therefore, circadian rhythm disruption leads to development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS refers to a cluster of risk factors (RFs), which are not only associated with the development of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD), but also with increased all-cause mortality. In this review, we consider the importance of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of metabolic processes, the significance of circadian misalignment in the pathogenesis of MetS, and the management of MetS in relation to the cellular molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Zečević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nataša Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Mihailo Vukmirović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Promise Department, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emir Muzurović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Center of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
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10
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Describing the longitudinal breakfast quality index trajectories in early childhood: results from Melbourne InFANT program. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:363-369. [PMID: 36494475 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast quality in early childhood remains understudied. This study describes the changes in breakfast quality index (BQI) (i.e. trajectory) in early childhood and assesses its associations with obesity outcomes. METHODS Data from children who participated in the Melbourne InFANT Program were used (n = 328). The Melbourne InFANT Program was a 15-month early obesity prevention intervention conducted from 2008 to 2013. Dietary intakes at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years were assessed using three parent-proxy reported 24 h recalls. A revised nine-item BQI tool developed based on Australian dietary recommendations for young children was used to calculate BQI scores. Group-based trajectory modelling identified BQI trajectory groups. Multivariable linear and logistic regression examined the associations between identified BQI trajectory groups and obesity outcomes at age 5 years. RESULTS Mean BQI at ages 1.5, 3.5 and 5.0 years was 4.8, 4.8, 2.7 points, respectively. Two BQI trajectory groups were identified, and both showed a decline in BQI. The mean BQI of most children (74%) decreased from 5.0 to 4.0 points from ages 1.5 to 5.0 years (referred as "High BQI" group). The remaining children (26%) had a mean BQI of 4.8 and 1.2 points at age 1.5 and 5.0 years, respectively (referred as "Low BQI" group). The "Low BQI" group appeared to show higher risk of overweight (OR:1.30, 95% CI: 0.60, 2.81, P = 0.66) at age 5 years than the "High BQI" group. No difference in body mass index (BMI) z-score was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Two BQI trajectory groups were identified. Both groups showed a decline in breakfast quality from ages 1.5 to 5.0 years. Our study highlights the need for early health promotion interventions and strategies to improve and maintain breakfast quality across early childhood.
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11
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Adonu RE, Amoah M, Saah FI. Breakfast intake and associated factors and barriers among tertiary institution students in the Western Region, Ghana. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36627687 PMCID: PMC9830603 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast is considered the day's most important meal. Skipping breakfast consumption is detrimental to health and intellectual performance. University life has tight schedules and rigorous intellectual activities often very early in the morning. This study aimed at assessing breakfast intake and its associated factors among the students of Takoradi Technical University (TTU). METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data was collected from 347 students in TTU using pre-tested questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using STATA v17. It employed descriptive and inferential statistics such as logistic regression. P-value less than 0.05 was set as statistical significance at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Regular breakfast was taken by 35.7% of the students. Higher odds of regular breakfast intake were found among respondents aged 25-29 years (AOR = 3.13, 95%CI = 1.57-6.24) and those who buy their breakfast (AOR = 5.13, 95%CI = 2.16-12.19). However, lower odds of regular breakfast consumption were found among respondents who were females (AOR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.18-0.85). Barriers to regular breakfast intake included negative mood, insufficient funds, health condition, weight management, religious reasons such as fasting, limited time/unfavourable academic schedules, daily activities/workload, and cost of food on campus. CONCLUSION The study stressed on the need for external and personal factors such as sex, age, religion, limited time/unfavourable academic schedules among others that hinder habitual breakfast intake to be addressed adopting innovative approach such as peer education and campaigns. University management should implement favourable policies on academic schedules, canteens/cafeterias, less stringent regulation on cooking at halls of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Enyonam Adonu
- grid.511546.20000 0004 0424 5478Department of Hospitality Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Millicent Amoah
- grid.511546.20000 0004 0424 5478Department of Hospitality Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Farrukh Ishaque Saah
- grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, FN Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana ,grid.413081.f0000 0001 2322 8567Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, College of Humanities and Legal Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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12
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Kolanowski W, Ługowska K, Trafialek J. The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Eating Behaviour and Leisure Time of Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416490. [PMID: 36554365 PMCID: PMC9779581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) significantly impact health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term increase in organized PA level at school on the eating behaviour and leisure time of early adolescences in the period from the age of 10 to 12. (2) Methods: Children born in 2007 (n = 278) in groups with a standard (control group) and increased level of organized PA at school (4 and 10 h a week) were subjected to an anonymous follow-up survey. The questionnaire included 22 questions related to the eating behaviour and ways and frequency of leisure time PA. The study was conducted in the same groups in three assessment sessions in September 2017, 2018 and 2019. (3) Results: During the course of the study, it was shown improvement of eating behaviour in the increased PA group whereas decline in the standard PA one. The share of children with good and very good scores of eating behaviour decreased in the standard PA group from 56.89% to 54.54% and increased in the increased PA from 58.06% to 60.29%. In the increased PA group children more frequently than standard PA ate vegetables, fruits, fish, poultry meat, wholemeal bakery products, milk, dairy products and drinking tea without sugar, as well as ate breakfast. The standard PA children more frequently than increased PA ate high sugar and/or fat content food as sweets, savoury snacks and drank fizzy drinks as well as fast foods. The frequency of often undertaken leisure time PA increased in the increased PA group from 67% to 74%, while decreased in the standard PA from 58% to 52%. (4) Conclusions: Increase in organized PA at school beneficially influenced early adolescents' eating behaviour and frequency of leisure time PA during 2 years observation. It also increased early adolescents' awareness of healthy diet. Increased PA at school helps shaping healthy lifestyle among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kolanowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603842005
| | - Katarzyna Ługowska
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Trafialek
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Kuwahara M, Tahara Y, Suiko T, Nagamori Y, Shibata S. Effects of Differences of Breakfast Styles, Such as Japanese and Western Breakfasts, on Eating Habits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235143. [PMID: 36501172 PMCID: PMC9740526 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet and protein source intake are reportedly good for health. However, many people skip breakfast or have a light breakfast. Thus, this study aimed to examine the influence of breakfast styles on eating habits among Japanese workers, including traditional Japanese-style breakfast (JB), a pattern in which Japanese foods are eaten; Japanese-Western-style breakfast (J-W B), a pattern in which Japanese and Western foods are eaten alternately; Western-style breakfast (WB), a pattern in which Western foods are eaten; and cereal-style breakfast (CB), a pattern in which cereal is eaten. We hypothesized that breakfast style may be related to good eating habits. Data from 4274 respondents (67.97% male, 33.03% female, age 48.12 ± 0.19 years), excluding night shift workers and breakfast absentees out of a total of 5535 respondents, were analyzed. The results suggest that Japanese food is linked to the intake of protein sources such as fish, eggs, and soy. Furthermore, it was suggested that Japanese food breakfast is effective for good eating habits, such as not eating irregular amounts of food, not eating snacks, not drinking sweet juices, and having a balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Takahiko Suiko
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamori
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Edogawa, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7318
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14
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Basiak-Rasała A, Górna S, Krajewska J, Kolator M, Pazdro-Zastawny K, Basiak A, Zatoński T. Nutritional habits according to age and BMI of 6–17-year-old children from the urban municipality in Poland. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:17. [PMID: 35526064 PMCID: PMC9080131 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Balanced nutrition is crucial for adolescent’s proper physical and mental development. Dietary habits change significantly with a child’s development. Along with increasing age and the shift towards adolescence, unhealthy diet-related habits become more common. The objective of the survey study was to determine the differences in nutritional habits between children and adolescents according to their age and body mass index (BMI).
Methods
“Let’s get the kids moving” campaign (pol. “Uruchamiamy dzieciaki”) was launched in 2016. Within the campaign, the survey study was conducted in 2913 participants between 6 and 17 years old from primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw (Poland). The survey was anonymous, and its supplement was voluntary. Participants were divided into age groups. The study group of 2913 consisted of 29.8% of 6–9-year-olds, 32.7% of 10–12-year-olds, and 37.5% of 13–17-year-olds. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and further interpreted as a BMI z-scores depending on children’s age and gender.
Results
A total of 19.3% of participants consumed 3 meals a day or less. Children from the oldest age group (13–17) consumed statistically significantly fewer meals per day than younger children (p < 0.001). Children from the oldest age group (13–17) consumed breakfast statistically less often than children of age group 10–12 years (75.0% vs. 83.6%; p < 0.001) and children of age group 6–9 years (75.0% vs. 84.0%; p < 0.001). Severely thin children consumed breakfast significantly more often than overweight (85.8% vs. 76.3%; p = 0.004) and children with obesity (85.8% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.021). Children with obesity consumed vegetables significantly less often than severely thin (p < 0.008), thin (p < 0.001), and children with normal body weight (p < 0.007). The oldest children (13–17 years) consumed Coca-Cola and SSB (p < 0.001) and fruit-flavored beverages (p < 0.05) significantly more often than children from other age groups. Boys consumed carbonated beverages with added sugar significantly more often than girls (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
Unhealthy diet-related behaviors in children and adolescents may promote overweight and obesity and should be targeted in health promotion programs. Special attention should be paid to 13–17-year-olds, as adolescents from this group made more unhealthy choices than younger children.
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Custodio MRS, Toledo MB. Breakfast in the Philippines: food and diet quality as analyzed from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey. Nutr J 2022; 21:52. [PMID: 35953807 PMCID: PMC9373515 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of foods taken during breakfast could contribute in shaping diet quality. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality based on the food, energy and nutrient intakes of Filipinos. Materials and methods Data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) was extracted for analysis. There were 63,655 individuals comprising about 14,013 school-aged children (6–12 years old), 9,082 adolescents (13–18 years old), 32,255 adults (19–59 years old), and 8,305 elderly (60 years old and above). Two-day non-consecutive 24-h food recalls were used to measure food and nutrient intakes. Diet quality was measured using Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF) 9.3. The sample was stratified by age group and NRF9.3 tertiles. Results and findings Results showed that 96 – 98% Filipinos across age groups were consuming breakfast. Children age 6–12 years have the highest NRF9.3 average score (417), followed by the elderly (347), adolescents (340), and adults (330). These scores were very low in comparison with the maximum possible NRF score which is 900. The essential nutrient intakes of respondents were significantly higher among those with the healthiest breakfast diet (Tertile 3) compared to those with the poorest breakfast diet (Tertile 1). However, participants in the healthiest breakfast diet did not meet 20% of the recommendations for calcium, fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. Conclusion and recommendations This study revealed that majority of the population are regular breakfast consumers. However, the breakfast consumed regularly by Filipinos were found to be nutritionally inadequate. And even those classified under Tertile 3 which were assumed as having a better quality of breakfast were still found to have nutrient inadequacies. Thus, the study suggests that Filipinos must consume a healthy breakfast by including nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fresh meat, and milk to provide at least 20–25% of the daily energy and nutrient intakes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00804-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines.
| | - Ma Rosel S Custodio
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marvin B Toledo
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines
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16
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[Health-Related Goals of Digital Prevention and Health Promotion in Families]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2022; 85:371-379. [PMID: 35948045 DOI: 10.1055/a-1860-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY AIM There is an increase in digital technologies to support health promotion. The majority of offerings is aimed at the individual but are less adapted to social life constellations such as families. The goal of this is study was to highlight the need and the requirements for an addressee-oriented app development. This was to be achieved by determining the initial situation and health goals of the surveyed families in the fields of exercise, nutrition and relaxation, and identifying points of intersection of the family members for a health app. METHODS The online survey was conducted with n=1008 parents (Ø 48 years, 59% female, 39.3% male, 1.7% diverse) on health status as well as exercise, nutrition and relaxation, smartphone use, app features and gamification. Quantitative data analysis (frequency analyses, Chi2 test, factor analysis, and single-factor analysis of variance) was performed using IBM SPSS Analytics (25; Armonk, NewYork). RESULTS The majority of those surveyed considered their state of health to be good. The minority met the WHO reference values for physical activity and nutrition. In addition, the respondents were exposed to a high level of stress with simultaneously low coping skills. The identified target areas were active relaxation measures, nutrition, general competence, physical activity, nature activities and sports-recreation opportunities. Significant differences were found in age, in the active relaxation measures [F(2)=3.367; p=0.035] and sports-recreation opportunities [F(2)=7.480; p=0.001]. CONCLUSION The study reveals intersections of families' content for a behavior change process with digital support. The interest in individual offers differs between the age groups of the children surveyed. Further research should identify health app usage preferences in families and in different family constellations as well as a family-friendly approach.
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Apergi K, Karatzi K, Reppas K, Karaglani E, Usheva N, Giménez-Legarre N, Moreno LA, Dimova R, Antal E, Jemina K, Cardon G, Iotova V, Manios Y, Makrilakis K. Association of breakfast consumption frequency with fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity/b cells function (HOMA-IR) in adults from high-risk families for type 2 diabetes in Europe: the Feel4Diabetes Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1600-1610. [PMID: 35614208 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association of breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) with glycemic control indices in a cross-sectional sample of adults from families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exploring the role of sex and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS In 2370 adults (40.8 ± 5.6 years) from 6 European countries, sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were assessed through standardized procedures. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (dependent variables) with BCF (independent variable) controlling for multiple possible confounders. RESULTS A linear association of BCF with FG (β = -0.557, 95% CI (-0.834, -0.280)) and a quadratic association with FI and HOMA-IR with the highest point of curve observed at BCF = 2.989 (times/week) and at BCF = 2.746, respectively, independent of the used covariates. In males and in participants of high SES, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG, while with FI and HOMA-IR there was an association with BCF in quadratic function. In females, BCF was linearly and inversely associated with FG and HOMA-IR, and there was a quadratic association with FI. In low SES there was only a linear association with FG, yet with no statistically significant findings for FI and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Regular breakfast consumption, especially >3 times/week is associated with improved indices of glycemic control. This association was diminished in low SES participants in the presence of the used covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriaki Apergi
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life Department Of Food Science & Human Nutrition School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Reppas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalya Usheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Giménez-Legarre
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de InvestigAICón Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de InvestigAICón Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roumyana Dimova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emese Antal
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kivelä Jemina
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
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18
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Kotova MB, Maksimov SA, Drapkina OM. Gender, Age, Family and Territorial Features of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in Russian Youths. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095779. [PMID: 35565174 PMCID: PMC9104441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns in Russian youths and examining their dependence on gender, age, family characteristics and area of residence features. The research involved 783 school students 10-17 years of age and their parents living in the cities of Moscow and Murmansk. Using the principal component analysis, four integral indices were identified that characterized the habits and dietary patterns, PA and lifestyle. Boys, compared with girls, were more likely to consume unhealthy foods but less likely to practice malnutrition. Within the age ranges of 13-15 years old and 16-17 years old, the proportions of school students with a poor sleep pattern and low PA were higher than in children 10-12 years of age. In smoking families, children were less likely to consume healthy foods and more likely to eat unhealthy foods. In Murmansk school students, compared with their Moscow peers, a reduction in both sleep time and PA was observed less often. Our study demonstrated that the most significant factors of a balanced and healthy diet, rational daily routine and lifestyle in school students were their gender and age characteristics, as well as some contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B. Kotova
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 10 Bld. Petroverigskiy Lane, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (O.M.D.)
| | - Sergey A. Maksimov
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 10 Bld. Petroverigskiy Lane, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (O.M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-985-333-0261
| | - Oksana M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 10 Bld. Petroverigskiy Lane, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (O.M.D.)
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Duan D, Pilla SJ, Michalski K, Laferrère B, Clark JM, Maruthur NM. Eating breakfast is associated with weight loss during an intensive lifestyle intervention for overweight/obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:378-388. [PMID: 35048528 PMCID: PMC8820381 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether breakfast consumption frequency (BCF) is associated with weight-loss outcomes in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. METHODS Data from a subset of participants (n = 3,915) from Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, were analyzed. BCF was collected by yearly questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between average BCF and percentage weight change over 4 years, controlling for baseline sociodemographic, anthropometric, and diabetes-related variables. In separate models, adjustment for diet (n = 915) and physical activity level (n = 837) was performed in a subset of participants. RESULTS Four-year average BCF was similar in DSE (n = 1,916) and ILI (n = 1,999) arms (p = 0.14). Each 1-day higher average BCF was associated with an additional 0.5% weight loss in the ILI arm (p < 0.0001) but not in the DSE arm (p = 0.58). This association in the ILI arm remained significant after adjustment for diet (p = 0.02) but not after adjustment for physical activity (p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS Breakfast consumption was associated with greater weight loss in the active treatment group of an ILI, which may be mediated by increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott J. Pilla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathy Michalski
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- New York Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeanne M. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nisa M. Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Comparison of Hospital Consultation and Summer Camp Lifestyle Intervention Programs for Sustained Body Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Greek Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9010086. [PMID: 35053711 PMCID: PMC8774901 DOI: 10.3390/children9010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two lifestyle intervention programs of a health initiative named "Evrostia" were conducted at (a) an outpatient obesity clinic of a children's hospital and (b) summer camp (SC), respectively. Thirty overweight/obese children were randomly selected to participate in each intervention arm to assess the efficacy of the SC intervention and its possible superiority over usual hospital consultation (HC) practice. There was a statistically significant decrease in body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) in both programs. A higher duration of reduced BW was observed in the SC compared to HC intervention. Regarding the nutritional behavior, there was a significant increase in the consumption of breakfast, fruit and vegetables, and a reduction in the consumption of beverages and sweets in the SC group. A significant increase in the hours of weekly physical activity was also observed in children of the SC program. The comparison between the two lifestyle intervention programs showed that the SC program improved nutritional behaviors and physical activity and promoted longer preservation of BW loss than that of the HC program. Thus, the holistic and experiential approach of the SC program was more successful in the treatment of overweight and obesity in children than a conventional HC program.
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CÂNDIDO ACDO, NEVES FS, FARIA ERD, NETTO MP, OLIVEIRA RMS, CÂNDIDO APC. Factors associated with non-frequent breakfast consumption in adolescents (EVA-JF Study). REV NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202235e210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the association of infrequent breakfast consumption with socioeconomic, behavioral, and individual factors in a sample of Brazilian adolescents from public schools. Methods Cross-sectional study with adolescents aged from 14 to 19 from public schools in Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais. The frequency of consumption of breakfast, snacks, soft drinks, industrialized drinks, the usual food consumption, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were evaluated. Other socioeconomic, behavioral, and individual data were obtained through questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis and hierarchical selection of variables were used to verify the associated factors. Results The sample consisted of 805 adolescents; 53.4% reported infrequent breakfast consumption. Through hierarchical logistic regression analysis, it was evidenced that the house occupancy status (OR: 0.618; 95%CI: 0.4410.865; p=0.005) was the distal factor associated with infrequent breakfast consumption; the intermediate factors were the consumption of industrialized beverages (OR: 0.658; 95%CI: 0.486-0.890; p=0.007) and percentage of energy from processed foods (OR: 0.935; 95%CI: 0.907-0.964; p<0.001); and the proximal factors were the male gender (OR: 0.696; 95%CI: 0.520-0.932; p=0.0015) and being nonwhite (OR: 1.529; 95%CI: 1.131-2.069; p=0.006). Conclusion Male adolescents who lived in owned houses, with occasional consumption of industrialized beverages and a higher percentage of energy derived from processed foods, had lower chances of infrequent breakfast consumption, while non-white adolescents had higher chances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Silva NEVES
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
| | | | - Michele Pereira NETTO
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil
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Kim HS, Jung SJ, Jang S, Kim MJ, Cha YS. Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast, but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:450-463. [PMID: 35919293 PMCID: PMC9314192 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Souza MR, Neves MEA, Gorgulho BM, Souza AM, Nogueira PS, Ferreira MG, Rodrigues PRM. Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:107. [PMID: 34932697 PMCID: PMC8664063 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielly Rodrigues Souza
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Morgana Egle Alves Neves
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Bartira Mendes Gorgulho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Amanda Moura Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Bioestatística. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Simone Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Paulo Rogério Melo Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Faculdade de Nutrição. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Kaoutar K, Chetoui A, El Kardoudi A, Boutahar K, El Moussaoui S, Chigr F, Najimi M. Eating habits, lifestyle factors and body weight status among Moroccan school adolescents (12–19 years): The case of Beni Mellal city. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are serious public health issues worldwide. A better understanding of the relationships between obesity and lifestyle factors is necessary for effective prevention and management of obesity in youth. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among schoolchildren aged 12–19 years at Beni Mellal city, Morocco. METHODS: A school based cross sectional study was carried out. A total of 516 children were included in the study. The nutritional status was classified according to the reference curves of WHO (2007). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity. The association between dependent and independent variables were assessed using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 12.40% and that of obesity was 5.20%. Overweight and obesity were statistically associated with gender (Odds Ratio (OR) = 10.15[95% CI 1.37–3.81], p = 0.001); skipping breakfast (OR = 9.19 [95% CI 1.42–5.17], p = 0.002) and eating cake, pastry and biscuit 1 to 3 times per week (OR = 4.14 [95% CI 1.02–3.25], p = 0.04) and 4 or more times a week (OR = 7.83 [95% CI 1.31–4.66], p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that prevalence of overweight/obesity among school-aged children in Beni Mellal city was high. Thus, promoting healthy dietary practices, particularly improving fruit and vegetable intake is essential to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity. Furthermore, it is important to strengthen nutrition education about avoiding junk food consumption and encouraging regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kaoutar
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - A. Chetoui
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - A. El Kardoudi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - K. Boutahar
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - S. El Moussaoui
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- Mohamed VI Hospital University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - F. Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - M. Najimi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Skipping breakfast is associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents - ERICA. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:276-284. [PMID: 33040745 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast is considered as the most important meal of the day. The habit of skipping this meal in adolescence tends to remain until adulthood and has been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study estimated the prevalence of skipping breakfast and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), with a nationally representative sample of 36 956 Brazilian adolescents, aged 12-17 years, enrolled in public and private schools. The outcomes were excess body weight (BMI), central obesity (waist circumference and waist:height ratio), lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG) and glycidic profile (fasting glycaemia, fasting insulin and glycated Hb). The association between skipping breakfast and each outcome was estimated using multiple Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio (PR) and 95 % CI). Prevalence of skipping breakfast was 68·7 % and, after adjustments, it was associated with excess body weight (PR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·43), central obesity both by waist circumference (PR = 1·27; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·61) and by waist:height ratio (PR = 1·32; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·54) and high fasting glucose levels (PR = 1·54; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·18), fasting insulin (PR = 1·64; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·22), glycated Hb (PR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·31) and total cholesterol (PR = 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27). Skipping breakfast was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence. In this context, the school environment is an ideal space to promote healthy eating habits, favouring the implementation of food and nutrition education activities to make adolescents aware of the importance of consuming breakfast daily.
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Kim D, Hanzawa F, Sun S, Laurent T, Ikeda S, Umeki M, Mochizuki S, Oda H. Delayed Meal Timing, a Breakfast Skipping Model, Increased Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Adipose Tissue Weight by Disintegrating Circadian Oscillation in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:681436. [PMID: 34277681 PMCID: PMC8280346 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.681436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate whether shifted timing of eating, breakfast skipping, induces alterations in the circadian clock and abnormal lipid metabolism, we have established a delayed meal timing (DMT) protocol for rats, which started eating food 4 h delay. In the present study, control and DMT rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet during zeitgeber time (ZT) 12-24 and ZT 16-4, respectively. The DMT protocol increased the hepatic lipids and epididymal adipose tissue weight without changes in food intake and body weight. The surge in body temperature was delayed by 4 h in the DMT group, suggesting that energy expenditure was decreased in response to DMT. The peaks of the diurnal rhythm of serum non-esterified fatty acids and insulin were delayed by 2 and 4 h due to DMT, respectively. The oscillation peaks of hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis gene expression was delayed by 4 h in response to DMT, whereas the peak of hepatic clock genes were 2 h delayed or not by DMT. Although metabolic oscillation is considered to be controlled by clock genes, the disintegration rhythms between the clock genes and lipid metabolism-related genes were not observed in rats fed a high-fat diet in our previous study. These data suggest that the circadian rhythm of de novo fatty acid metabolism is regulated by timing of eating, but is not directly controlled by clock genes. The present study suggests that breakfast skipping would complicate fatty liver and body fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hanzawa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nissin, Japan
| | - Shumin Sun
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Thomas Laurent
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saiko Ikeda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nissin, Japan
| | - Miki Umeki
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Beppu University, Beppu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Oda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Situación ponderal de la población escolar de 6 a 9 años en España: resultados del estudio ALADINO 2015. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Debeila S, Modjadji P, Madiba S. High prevalence of overall overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity amongst adolescents: An emerging nutritional problem in rural high schools in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2021; 13:e1-e9. [PMID: 34082550 PMCID: PMC8182488 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v13i1.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the gap in nutritional profiles between urban and rural rapidly reduces because of nutrition transition, rural adolescents are likely to engage in urban lifestyle behaviours. AIM The study determined the prevalence of overweight/obesity amongst adolescents in rural high schools and the association with selected factors. SETTING Fetakgomo Municipality in rural Limpopo Province, South Africa. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 378 adolescents selected through multistage sampling from high schools. Data collected were socio-demography, nutritional knowledge, dietary practices and anthropometry. The International Obesity Task Force age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values were used to determine overweight/obesity, whilst adult BMI cut-off values were used for those ≥ 18 years. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) greater than 0.5 indicated abdominal obesity, as well as waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) above the cut-off values. RESULTS The proportion of overweight/obesity amongst adolescents was 35%, whilst 25% had abdominal obesity by WHR and 21% by WHtR. Multivariate logistic regression showed that being a girl (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.74-4.85), older adolescent (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.57-6.29) and living in a household with employed adults (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.19-4.51) were associated with increased odds of being overweight/obese. Eating breakfast was associated with reduced odds of being overweight/obese (AOR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.34-0.97). CONCLUSION Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity amongst adolescents were more prevalent than underweight. The Integrated School Health Programme should have clear guidelines on food items served and sold at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sego Debeila
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa.
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Jalloun RA, Alfadhli EM. Breakfast Location Effect on Breakfast Quality and Obesity Risk in Saudi Female College Students. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999201023152539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
There is a lack of data regarding breakfast consumption and quality
among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and
examine the effect of breakfast location on breakfast nutritional quality and obesity risk among female
college students at Taibah University.
Methods:
A total of 658 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Based on the Child and Adult Care Food
Program (CACFP) recommendations, breakfast quality scores were computed by summing the individual food
components and categorizing participants according to tertiles of the breakfast score distribution. Mixed-effects repeatedmeasures models were used to examine BMI categories with increasing tertiles of breakfast quality scores, stratified by
breakfast location.
Results and Discussion:
Approximately 68% of the participants reported having breakfast regularly.
The mean breakfast quality score was determined for students who had breakfast at home (12.5
± 0.11), at college (10.41± 0.06), and in other places (8.19± 0.48). Obesity was associated with lower
average breakfast quality scores based on breakfast location [mean quintile 3 compared with 1
difference: home 13.6 (P < 0.001), college 9.1 (P < 0.001), other 8.6 (P < 0.001)].
Conclusion:
The findings presented here indicated that a high percentage of students consume
breakfast regularly. Students who had breakfast at home had high scores, which indicated good
breakfast quality and a decreased risk of obesity. Further research on breakfast quality is needed in
this area, as it affects the nutritional status and quality of life of the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A. Jalloun
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Alfadhli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Taibah University Medical College, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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García-Solano M, Gutiérrez-González E, López-Sobaler AM, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Robledo de Dios T, Villar-Villalba C, Yusta-Boyo MJ, Pérez-Farinós N. Weight status in the 6 to 9 year-old school population in Spain: Results of the ALADINO 2015 study. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 94:366-376. [PMID: 34090633 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has grown alarmingly in the last twenty years or so in many countries of Europe, including Spain. This study presents the prevalences of overweight and obesity in 6-9 year-old schoolchildren in 2015, and their associated characteristics. METHODOLOGY ALADINO (Its initials in Spanish for Diet, physical activity, child development and obesity) is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 6-9 year-old schoolchildren in Spain, in line with the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) of the World Health Organisation (WHO). The height and weight of the participants, defining the weight status according to WHO standards, and a questionnaire was given to the parents on lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Anthropometric measurements were taken on 10,899 schoolchildren for 168 primary education centres. Excess weight was observed in 41.3% (95% CI: 40.0-42.6), overweight in 23.2% (95% CI: 22.1-24.3) and obesity in 18.1% (95% CI: 17.2-19.1), with obesity being more prevalent in boys, overweight in girls. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 23.2% (95% CI: 21.8-24.6). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age. Excess weight decreased by 3.2% compared to 2011, mainly due to the decrease in overweight in boys, while that of obesity remained stable. Excess weight was more prevalent in schoolchildren from families with a lower socioeconomic level. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of excess weight in 6-9 year-old schoolchildren in Spain has decreased by 3.2% since 2011, due to the decrease in overweight, whilst obesity remained stable. Action must be taken in the obesogenic environment, by promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity, bearing in mind the inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Solano
- Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de investigación Valoración Nutricional de Individuos y Colectivos: metodología y aplicaciones (VALORNUT), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Robledo de Dios
- Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Villar-Villalba
- Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Yusta-Boyo
- Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Ober P, Sobek C, Stein N, Spielau U, Abel S, Kiess W, Meigen C, Poulain T, Igel U, Lipek T, Vogel M. And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2021; 13:1351. [PMID: 33919560 PMCID: PMC8072724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio-economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (βadj = -0.51, p = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORadj = 0.30, p = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: βadj = -0.66, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: ORadj = 0.22, p = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: β = 0.49, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, p < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: β = 0.43, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, p = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Ober
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Carolin Sobek
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nancy Stein
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Spielau
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sarah Abel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Igel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Science, Altonaer Str. 25, 99085 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Lipek
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Montaruli A, Castelli L, Mulè A, Scurati R, Esposito F, Galasso L, Roveda E. Biological Rhythm and Chronotype: New Perspectives in Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040487. [PMID: 33804974 PMCID: PMC8063933 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm plays a fundamental role in regulating biological functions, including sleep–wake preference, body temperature, hormonal secretion, food intake, and cognitive and physical performance. Alterations in circadian rhythm can lead to chronic disease and impaired sleep. The circadian rhythmicity in human beings is represented by a complex phenotype. Indeed, over a 24-h period, a person’s preferred time to be more active or to sleep can be expressed in the concept of morningness–eveningness. Three chronotypes are distinguished: Morning, Neither, and Evening-types. Interindividual differences in chronotypes need to be considered to reduce the negative effects of circadian disruptions on health. In the present review, we examine the bi-directional influences of the rest–activity circadian rhythm and sleep–wake cycle in chronic pathologies and disorders. We analyze the concept and the main characteristics of the three chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-5031-4656
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (R.S.); (F.E.); (E.R.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Breakfast Eating Habits and Lifestyle Behaviors among Saudi Primary School Children Attending Public Versus Private Schools. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020134. [PMID: 33670284 PMCID: PMC7917862 DOI: 10.3390/children8020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated breakfast eating habits and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi school children attending public versus private schools. A random sample of 1149 children (girls: 54.4%) from public and private schools was selected from elementary schools using the multistage stratified cluster method. Measurements included body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported questionnaires filled by the child’s parents. There was no significant (p = 0.44) difference in the prevalence of breakfast intake between children attending public (20.6%) versus private (19.4%) schools. However, there was a gender by school type interactions in breakfast intake frequency, as boys in private but not in public schools had significantly (p = 0.006) higher (26.3%) daily breakfast intake than girls (13.3%). Over 56% of the children ate and drank from the school canteen, and impacting factors on children’s choices were children’s desire, food taste, and parental influence. More parents of children in private (12.1%) than in public (6.9%) schools were satisfied with the food in the school canteen. Younger age (aOR = 0.889, 95% CI = 0.815–0.970, p = 0.008), higher father education (aOR = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.130–1.686, p = 0.002), family income (aOR = 1.227, 95% CI = 1.005–1.498, p = 0.044), and insufficient sleep duration (aOR = 0.740, 95% CI = 0.553–0.990, p = 0.042) were significantly associated with being in a private school. Furthermore, no significant differences, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors, appeared in breakfast intake or overweight/obesity relative to school type. Interventions to improve daily breakfast consumption and lifestyle behaviors of Saudi children are warranted.
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Halasi S, Đorđević M, Kiss F, Šoronja-Simović D, Maravić N, Horvat O, Šaranović Ž. Aligning nutrition knowledge and dietary habits of generation Z: Is there a room for improvement? FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr48-30839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential association between determinants such as nutrition knowledge and dietary habits with obesity development among adolescents of generation Z (Zoomers) was investigated in the presented study. Data regarding meals consumption frequency, snack choice and familiarity with amounts of basic food nutrients in diet were gathered throughout a self-designed questionnaire from 854 adolescents (11-18 years) attending elementary and secondary schools in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The corresponding data was analysed and discussed primarily concerning BMI-forage , and subsequently, gender and educational stage. The association between BMI categories and examined determinants was tested using chi-square and multinomial logistic regression statistics. Although most of the surveyed adolescents had normal weight (72.1%), a notable share of overweight adolescents was also detected (17.9%). Additionally, observed irregularities in breakfast and dinner consumption frequencies and participants' modest nutrition knowledge can contribute to further diet deterioration. Statistically significant but weak associations between BMI-forage and choice of snack, dinner consumption frequency, as well as the frequency of salty snack and fast food consumption, were noted. Furthermore, an increase in nutrition knowledge was inversely associated with obesity prevalence (OR 6.56, 95% CI 1.388-31.037). As an outcome, the need for improvement regarding studied determinants especially nutrition knowledge is established and represents a task to achieve through health promotion strategies among generation Z.
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[Role of breakfast and its quality in the health of children and adolescents in Spain]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:396-409. [PMID: 33724048 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eating breakfast is a healthy habit that should be encouraged since childhood. When it provides nutritional quality, it is an important daily meal. The consumption of dairy products, cereals, and fruits at breakfast is associated with healthier dietary patterns, with a beneficial impact on the overall quality of the diet. In Spain, as in many other countries, the proportion of children who eat breakfast daily is very high, decreasing somewhat in adolescence. However, the quality of breakfast leaves room for improvement, with a low proportion of children/adolescents with high nutritional quality breakfasts. Children/adolescents who eat breakfast regularly have a higher intake of various nutrients (especially vitamins and minerals) than those who do not eat breakfast. Although the evidence is not entirely conclusive, numerous studies have shown various benefits when comparing the population that eats breakfast regularly versus those who do not, such as cardiometabolic risk parameters (obesity, diabetes, blood pressure and lipid profile) and cognitive functions. Breakfast should be included in healthy eating plans, since it allows incorporating foods that are difficult to consume in other meals and may contribute to reducing the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. In order to promote the intake of a healthy breakfast, it is essential to act on the sociodemographic and cultural factors that influence compliance and quality, such as age, nutritional education (mainly parents and children/adolescents, but also other family members, school mates, friends...), carrying it out as a family, adapting it to the tastes of each population and balancing quality and costs.
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Anthropometric, Familial- and Lifestyle-Related Characteristics of School Children Skipping Breakfast in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123668. [PMID: 33260292 PMCID: PMC7761024 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is a vital meal that provides children with important nutrients and energy. This study examined the anthropometric, familial- and lifestyle-related characteristics of school children skipping breakfast. A total of 1149 children (boys: 45.5%), 6 to 12 years old (mean and SD: 9.3 ± 1.7 years), were randomly selected from elementary schools in Jeddah. Weight and height were measured. Breakfast eating frequency, socio-demographics, and lifestyle behaviors were assessed using a specifically designed self-report questionnaire reported by the parents. Nearly 80% of the children skipped daily breakfast at home with no significant age or gender differences. The most common reasons for skipping breakfast at home included not feeling hungry and waking up late for school. Fried egg sandwiches and breakfast cereals were most frequently consumed for breakfast. Strong parental support for breakfast as the main daily meal was significantly associated with daily breakfast intake. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and socio-demographics, revealed that paternal education (aOR = 1.212, 95% CI = 1.020–1.440, p = 0.029), maternal education (aOR = 1.212, 95% CI = 1.003–1.464, p=0.046), insufficient sleep (aOR = 0.735, 95% CI = 0.567–0.951, p = 0.019), and BMI <25 kg/m2 (aOR = 1.333, 95% CI = 1.015–1.752, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with breakfast intake. The findings have implications for children’s health and school performance. Concerted effort is required to promote breakfast consumption among Saudi children.
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Health and Well-Being Outcomes of Adolescents Conceived Through In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1428-1438. [PMID: 33237512 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
What is the perception of health and well-being of adolescents from an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cohort? We conducted a survey, from September 2015 to June 2016, through self-completion questionnaires, on 487 singleton or twin ART-conceived 11- to 15-year-old adolescents, followed up since 1994, as part of an ART cohort. Collected data concerned perinatal characteristics, health indicators and perception, eating habits, behavior, and living standards. A total of 60.6% of the questionnaires were returned and could therefore be analyzed. This concerned 295 adolescents who were representative of the 788 remaining adolescents of our cohort, in terms of type of ART, maternal and perinatal characteristics, but not gender (sex ratio = 0.77). Overall, 15.3% reported chronic diseases, and only 13.3% of them considered that their chronic disease had an impact on their school life. Moreover, 94.2% of adolescents perceived that their health was "excellent" or "good"; 97.3% adolescents had normal weight or were underweight; onset of menstruation was 12 years old (± 1) for girls, age usually reported for puberty in girls; 51.9% declared having regular physical activity, boys more frequently than girls. Moreover, 70.6% of the boys had a sedentary behavior compared to 44.8% of the girls. A total of 73.5% of the adolescents were stressed at school, but school demand was considered high only in 12.2% of cases. Finally, 90% declared to have high life satisfaction. Overall, ART does not appear to have particular effect on the health indicators and behavior of adolescents who participated in the survey except for higher family affluence scale.
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Aanesen A, Katzmarzyk PT, Ernstsen L. Breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity in first grade primary school children: A nationwide register-based study in Iceland. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12384. [PMID: 32613747 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several studies have revealed an association between skipping breakfast and overweight (OW) or obesity (OB) in older children and adolescents, less is known about that association in younger children. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB in children in the first grade. The sample included 4360 children (51.5% boys) aged 5.6 to 7.4 years who participated in the annual health examination in Iceland during 2016 and 2017, completed by 91% of all first graders in Iceland. Binary logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to assess the association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB. Skipping breakfast was assessed as not eating breakfast on the day of the assessment, whereas OW or OB was based on measured height and weight relative to the International Obesity Task Force reference. The final analyses were adjusted for bedtime, well-being in school, commuting to school and physical activity. 7.2% of the boys (n = 162) and 7.5% of the girls (n = 158) had not eaten breakfast. After multivariable adjustment, a statistically significant association emerged between skipping breakfast and OW/OB in girls (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.36) but not in boys (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.63-1.63). Because the study's results suggest an association between skipping breakfast and OW/OB only in first-grade girls in Iceland, sex-based differences should be further investigated to inform future strategies for preventing OW and OB in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Aanesen
- Health Care Institution of North Iceland, Iceland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Bucksch J, Häußler A, Schneider K, Finne E, Schmidt K, Dadacynski K, Sudeck G. Physical activity and dietary habits of older children and adolescents in Germany - Cross-sectional results of the 2017/18 HBSC study and trends. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MONITORING 2020; 5:21-36. [PMID: 35146271 PMCID: PMC8734148 DOI: 10.25646/6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous findings are known to exist between dietary habits, physical activity, and child and adolescent health. Here, we will use data from the most recent Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study to describe dietary habits and patterns of physical activity. Using the survey data for 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students from across Germany, we report findings for key indicators of diet and physical activity for the 2017/18 cycle. By comparing these findings with data from the 2009/10 and 2013/14 survey cycles, we also consider current trends. Results from the most recent cycle show that 10.0% of girls and 16.9% of boys meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Across all HBSC cycles, this is the lowest figure so far. Concerning dietary habits, 50.6% of girls and 59.0% of boys reported having breakfast every morning. Data for daily fruit, vegetable and soft drink consumption emphasises the need to promote a healthy diet among adolescents. For all indicators of physical activity and diet, differences between girls and boys are apparent. Girls' intake of fruit and vegetables is higher and they consume fewer soft drinks, yet boys are more physically active and have breakfast more regularly. For the majority of indicators of dietary habits and physical activity, considerable inequalities relating to family affluence are observed. An important implication of the study results for dietary habits and physical activity of older children and adolescents is the need to foster settings-based approaches to promote physical activity and a healthy diet that integrate a gender-sensitive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bucksch
- University of Education Heidelberg Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Department of Prevention and Health Promotion
- University of Education Heidelberg Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Angela Häußler
- University of Education Heidelberg Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
- University of Education Heidelberg Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Home Economics
| | - Katja Schneider
- University of Education Heidelberg Heidelberg Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion
- University of Education Heidelberg Faculty of Natural and Sociological Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Home Economics
| | - Emily Finne
- Bielefeld University School of Public Health, Department Prevention and Health Promotion
| | - Katrin Schmidt
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Institute of Sport Science
| | - Kevin Dadacynski
- Fulda University of Applied Sciences Department of Nursing and Health Science, Fulda Public Health Centre
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Institute of Sport Science
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity
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Rossman SM, Eddy KT, Franko DL, Rose J, DuBois R, Weissman RS, Dierker LC, Thomas JJ. Behavioral symptoms of eating disorders among adopted adolescents and young adults in the United States: Findings from the Add Health survey. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1515-1525. [PMID: 32701179 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More adopted individuals report experiencing general psychopathology, poor parental attachment, and early childhood eating difficulties than nonadopted individuals, yet little is known about disordered eating in this population. This study sought to describe the relationship between adoption status and behavioral eating-disorder (ED) symptoms, and to examine potential correlates of ED symptoms that are unique to adopted individuals. METHOD We examined data from adolescents and young adults from Waves 1 (n adopted = 561, nonadopted = 20,184), 2 (n adopted = 211, nonadopted = 14,525), and 3 (n adopted = 416, nonadopted = 14,754) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. ED symptom items included dieting, breakfast skipping, binge eating, extreme weight loss behaviors (EWLBs; i.e., self-induced vomiting, laxative use, diet pill use) and lifetime ED diagnosis. RESULTS Compared to nonadopted individuals, adopted individuals were more likely to report EWLBs at Wave 2 and binge eating and lifetime ED diagnosis at Wave 3 (ps < .05). Among adopted individuals, contact with a biological parent was associated with higher rates of binge eating and lifetime ED diagnosis at Wave 3 (ps < .05), whereas age at adoption and having ever been in foster care were not associated with rates of ED symptoms. DISCUSSION This study provides preliminary evidence that being adopted may be a risk factor for certain behavioral symptoms of EDs. Given the benefits of early detection and treatment of ED symptoms, mental health professionals working with adopted individuals should assess for disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh M Rossman
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Debra L Franko
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Rose
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Russell DuBois
- Department of Clinical Research, Blueprint Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Lisa C Dierker
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dissatisfaction with Body Weight among Polish Adolescents Is Related to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092658. [PMID: 32878216 PMCID: PMC7551787 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to determine the socio-demographic factors that may affect body weight dissatisfaction and to analyze the relationship between eating habits and dissatisfaction with body weight among a national random sample of Polish adolescents aged 13–19 years. Data on gender, age, level of education, body weight status, screen time, body weight satisfaction and selected nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements. A total of 14,044 students from 207 schools participated in the study. A significant effect of gender, age, level of education, body weight status and screen time status on the participants’ dissatisfaction with the body weight was observed. The greater prevalence of body weight satisfaction was observed among boys, younger subjects, secondary school students, adolescents with normal body weight status and those with screen time up to 2 h. Whereas girls, older study participants (17–19 years old), overweight/obese adolescents and subjects with screen time over 4 h were more often dissatisfied with body weight. Furthermore, it has been shown that participants dissatisfied with their body weight less often met dietary recommendations. These findings can help dietitians, nutritionists and healthcare professionals to provide age-specific and gender-specific nutrition strategies to promote healthy lifestyle among school-going adolescents.
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42
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Román N, Rigó A, Kato Y, Horváth Z, Urbán R. Cross-cultural comparison of the motivations for healthy eating: investigating the validity and invariance of the motivation for healthy eating scale. Psychol Health 2020; 36:367-383. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1773462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Román
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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43
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Lee BN, Bae SW, Oh SY, Yoon JH, Roh J, Won JU. Effects of military life on changes in body mass index of enlisted men: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 168:218-223. [PMID: 32409616 PMCID: PMC9132859 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a serious health problem with an incidence that is increasing rapidly. Enlisted men are a distinctive group characterised by 24-hour community-living and are likely to experience changes in body weight as a result of regular diet and exercise during enlistment. Methods This study reviewed data from the Second Military Health Survey. Changes in body mass index (BMI) before and during military service were analysed using paired t-test. We calculated OR and 95% CI for factors affecting weight improvement during military service through logistic regression. Results The mean BMI in the underweight group increased by 5.87 kg/m2 during service, while that in the normal weight group increased by 1.18 kg/m2. In contrast, the mean BMI in the overweight group decreased by 5.47 kg/m2 during service. The OR for an improved BMI in the subjective good health group compared with the subjective poor health group was statistically significant (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.87). The OR for an improved BMI was significantly higher in the group with three or more times per week of strength training than in the group with one to two times per week of strength training, and was higher among the marines compared with the Army soldiers (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.12 and OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.32, respectively). Conclusions Strength training showed a statistically significant increase in BMI during military service. Furthermore, the BMI of men who were underweight before their service increased, while it decreased among those who were overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bb Ni Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - S W Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J U Won
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Association between Frequency of Breakfast Consumption and Insulin Resistance Using Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093322. [PMID: 32397662 PMCID: PMC7246451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an important chronic disease causing economic and social burden. Insulin resistance is a determinant of diabetes, and regular eating patterns are an important factor in blood sugar control. This study investigated the association between breakfast frequency and the risk of increased insulin resistance in Koreans. Data for 12,856 participants without diabetes in the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while the median TyG index value was used to define higher (≥8.5) vs. lower (<8.5) insulin resistance. Association between breakfast frequency and risk of increased insulin resistance was investigated using multiple logistic regression. Compared with those who had regular breakfast 5–7 times per week, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of individuals who did not eat breakfast were the highest at 1.42 (95% CI = 1.24–1.64, p ≤ 0.0001). Those who had breakfast 1–4 times per week had an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI = 1.03–1.32, p = 0.0153). We found that a lower weekly breakfast consumption was associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance in Koreans. Promoting the benefits of breakfast can be an important message to improve the health of the population.
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45
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Ganesan K, Habboush Y, Dagogo-Jack S. Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting: Impact on Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2020; 33:143-148. [PMID: 32425451 PMCID: PMC7228814 DOI: 10.2337/ds19-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has been suggested as an option for managing overweight and obesity. The purpose of this article is to present a balanced review of the practice of intermittent fasting and its impact on glycemic control in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ganesan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Alhowikan AM, Alhussain MH, Obeid OA. Breakfast consumption among Saudi primary-school children relative to sex and socio-demographic factors. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:448. [PMID: 32252722 PMCID: PMC7132954 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breakfast is an important meal that provides essential nutrients and energy. However, few comprehensive studies have reported breakfast habits and related behaviors among Saudi children. This study investigated breakfast consumption patterns and the associations of socio-demographic variables with daily breakfast intake among Saudi children. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select 1051 elementary school boys and girls in Riyadh. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed. The breakfast eating habits and behaviors were assessed using a specifically designed self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the children’s parents. Results More than 79% of children skipped daily breakfast, with no significant sex difference. Children in private schools consumed breakfast more frequently than those attending public schools. Multivariate analyses showed that boys in private schools had a significantly higher intake of breakfast than that in boys in public schools, yet, boys in public schools had significantly higher BMI than boys in private schools. Using logistic regression while adjusting for confounders showed insignificant effect for parent education. Among breakfast eaters, spread cheese sandwiches were consumed most frequently, followed by fried egg sandwiches and breakfast cereals. Full-fat milk, tea with milk, water, and fruit juice were the most consumed drinks. Girls consumed significantly more fresh fruits during breakfast than did boys. Mothers prepared breakfast at home most of the time (84.5%). Parents appeared mostly satisfied with the breakfast consumed by their child at home and placed high importance on breakfast compared to lunch or dinner. Conclusions The proportion of school children who ate daily breakfast at home was low, which may have implications for children’s school performance. Effort is needed to promote daily breakfast consumption among Saudi school children and to introduce appropriate interventions aimed at promoting daily breakfast consumption among Saudi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box: 93216, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Maha H Alhussain
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Obeid
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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47
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Thinness in Rural Polish Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072368. [PMID: 32244443 PMCID: PMC7177838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A lot of attention has been focused on obesity, however, the other extreme—thinness—may lead to inhibition of physical and intellectual development. The aim was to assess the prevalence of thinness and determine the associated factors in children from rural populations. We used data from the cross-sectional sample of 3048 children, examined in schools from a district in southern Poland. The sample included 89% of the district departments, and included a proportion of rural and small town populations—a representative one for the region. Thinness was determined based on the criteria proposed by Cole and Lobstein. Biological, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were analysed. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of thinness was 11.5% in boys and 13.5% in girls. In the younger group, it was similar in boys and girls at 11.8%; whereas in the older group, it was 11.1% and 14.5%, respectively. The prevalence of thinness Grade 3 in girls was two times higher than in boys. The increased index of leisure time physical activity was connected with thinness in prepubertal boys. The mechanism determining the development of thinness is very complex and further exploration of this trend is recommended.
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48
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Breakfast consumption modulates postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic and NEFA response in pre-diabetic Asian males. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:664-672. [PMID: 31831088 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to investigate how the consumption of breakfast affected blood glucose, insulin and NEFA profiles. A lower postprandial blood glucose, insulin and NEFA response is associated with a lower risk of development of metabolic diseases. In a randomised crossover non-blind design, thirteen pre-diabetic Chinese adult males (BMI 26·7 (sd 4·2) kg/m2) attended two sessions where they either consumed a high-glycaemic index breakfast or no breakfast consumption. Changes in glycaemic response over 27 h periods were measured using the Medtronic MiniMed iProTM2 continuous glucose monitoring system. Blood samples were collected using a peripheral venous catheter at fixed intervals for 3 h after the test meal and 3 h after standardised lunch consumption. Postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA response was calculated as total AUC and incremental AUC using the trapezoidal rule that ignored the area under the baseline. It was found that breakfast consumption significantly decreased postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA excursion response at lunch time (P = 0·001). Consumption of breakfast attenuated blood glucose profiles by minimising glycaemic excursions and reduced both insulinaemic and NEFA responses in pre-diabetic Asian males during the second meal. This simple dietary intervention may be a novel approach to help improve subsequent lunch glycaemic responses in Asians at high risk of developing diabetes.
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49
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Spruance LA, Esplin J, Glover A, Haines A. School Administrators’ Attitudes Toward the School Breakfast Program. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1599310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Esplin
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adrian Glover
- Development Practice, Emory Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Haines
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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50
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Henry CJ, Kaur B, Quek RYC. Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:6. [PMID: 32075959 PMCID: PMC7031264 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h cycles regulated by endogeneous molecular oscillators called the circadian clock. The effects of diet on circadian rhythmicity clearly involves a relationship between factors such as meal timings and nutrients, known as chrononutrition. Chrononutrition is influenced by an individual's "chronotype", whereby "evening chronotypes" or also termed "later chronotype" who are biologically driven to consume foods later in the day. Research in this area has suggested that time of day is indicative of having an influence on the postprandial glucose response to a meal, therefore having a major effect on type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional and experimental studies have shown the benefits of consuming meals early in the day than in the evening on postprandial glycaemia. Modifying the macronutrient composition of night meals, by increasing protein and fat content, has shown to be a simple strategy to improve postprandial glycaemia. Low glycaemic index (GI) foods eaten in the morning improves glycaemic response to a greater effect than when consumed at night. Timing of fat and protein (including amino acids) co-ingested with carbohydrate foods, such as bread and rice, can reduce glycaemic response. The order of food presentation also has considerable potential in reducing postprandial blood glucose (consuming vegetables first, followed by meat and then lastly rice). These practical recommendations could be considered as strategies to improve glycaemic control, rather than focusing on the nutritional value of a meal alone, to optimize dietary patterns of diabetics. It is necessary to further elucidate this fascinating area of research to understand the circadian system and its implications on nutrition that may ultimately reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore, Department of Biochemistry, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| | - Bhupinder Kaur
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Rina Yu Chin Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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