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Buta E, Gueorguieva R, Simon P, Garrison KA. Behavioral precursors of nicotine product use trajectories among youth. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00167-3. [PMID: 38782105 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preventing nicotine use among youth is a public health priority. Nicotine use emerges from complex relationships between numerous factors. This project used network analysis to model behavioral precursors of nicotine use (knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, intentions) among youth who had never used nicotine and determine which predicted future trajectories of use across multiple nicotine products. METHODS Data were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (2013-2018; analyzed 2023-2024), youth ages 12-17, who reported never using nicotine at Wave 1. Network structure was determined for behavioral precursors at Wave 1 and central network nodes were identified (N=5087). Central nodes were then tested as predictors of trajectories of use across multiple nicotine products during Waves 1-4 (N=3851). RESULTS Central nodes of the Wave 1 network were harm perception, expectancy that tobacco would calm anger/reduce stress, and intention to try. Those with lower intent to try at Wave 1 had lower odds of being in an Experimentation or Use class vs a Nonuse class during Waves 1-4 (p<.0001). Those with more accurate harm perception had lower odds of being in an Experimentation vs Non-use class (p=.004). Those with positive expectancies had higher odds of being in an Experimentation vs Non-use or Use class (p=.04,.02). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a network model of behavioral precursors of nicotine use that can be tested, including central nodes that predicted trajectories of use across multiple nicotine products, and therefore may be priority intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Buta
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Patricia Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Bhargava SS, Das S, Priya H, Mishra D, Shivabasappa S, Sood A, Hazarika CR, Gupta PC, Chakma JK, Swasticharan L, Sinha P, Munish VG, Gupta SR. The Burden and Correlates of Waterpipe (Hookah) Smoking among Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:29-40. [PMID: 37907086 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the available medical literature on the prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and youth in jurisdictionally representative populations. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies from inception until 31 December 2022 that reported the burden of waterpipe smoking among adolescents and youth (10-24 years of age). We extracted qualitative data on the demographic characteristics, burden, and correlates of waterpipe smoking (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310982). RESULTS A total of 2,197 articles were screened and 62 were included in the analysis. The majority (29) of the studies was from the United States of America and there were no studies from the south-east Asian region. The prevalence of ever waterpipe smoking among the 10-24 years age group was noted to be 18.16% (95% CI, 18.03-18.29). The prevalence of current (30-day) waterpipe smoking was 6.43% (95% CI, 6.34-6.50). The age of initiation of waterpipe smoking was variable. The prevalence of waterpipe smoking was higher among males, among those who belong to the high- and middle-income groups, and among university students. The common risk factors of waterpipe smoking included cigarette smoking, alcohol, and substance use. Waterpipe smoking resulted in increased susceptibility to the use of conventional forms of tobacco (e.g. smoking) among those who were never smokers. CONCLUSION Waterpipe smoking usage was significantly high among adolescents and young adults. Developing regulatory guidelines for water-pipe smoking, surveillance of its use, intervention, and specific policy frameworks may be considered a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Sharad Bhargava
- Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Saibal Das
- Indian Council of Medical Research - Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harsh Priya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Santhosh Shivabasappa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Eductaion and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Anubhuti Sood
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Chaya Rani Hazarika
- Socio-Behavioral Health Systems and Implementation Research Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Joy Kumar Chakma
- Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Leimapokpam Swasticharan
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Shalini R Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Jebai R, Osibogun O, Li W, Gautam P, Bursac Z, Ward KD, Maziak W. Temporal Trends in Tobacco Product Use Among US Middle and High School Students: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2020. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:483-492. [PMID: 35684996 PMCID: PMC10240886 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite significant declines in cigarette smoking during the past decade, other tobacco products gained popularity among middle and high school students. This study examined temporal trends in exclusive and concurrent use of tobacco products among middle and high school students in the United States from 2011 through 2020. METHODS We used multiple annual datasets from the National Youth Tobacco Survey from 2011 through 2020 (N = 193 350) to examine trends of current (past 30 days) exclusive, dual, and poly use of tobacco products (ie, cigarettes, electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes], cigars, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco). We used joinpoint regression models to calculate log-linear trends in annual percentage change (APC). RESULTS During 2011-2020, exclusive use of any tobacco product decreased significantly, except for e-cigarettes, which increased significantly at an APC of 226.8% during 2011-2014 and 14.6% during 2014-2020. This increase was more pronounced among high school students (APC = 336.6% [2011-2014] and 15.7% [2014-2020]) than among middle school students (APC = 10.4% [2014-2020]) and among male students (APC = 252.8% [2011-2014] and 14.8% [2014-2020]) than among female students (APC = 13.6% [2014-2020]). During 2011-2020, we also found upward trends in dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (APC = 17.3%). Poly use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and any other tobacco products increased significantly at an APC of 57.1% during 2011-2014. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of new tobacco products such as e-cigarettes in the US market has shifted the landscape of tobacco use among adolescents in the last decade toward poly product use, in which e-cigarettes are a prominent component. Our findings underscore the increasing complexity of tobacco use among adolescents in the United States and the need for strong policies and regulations adapted to evolving trends in cigarette and noncigarette tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rime Jebai
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prem Gautam
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria
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Pane J, Murray J, Nugent R, Yang S, Nugent K. Electronic cigarette use by and perceptions of middle and high school students in the United States. J Investig Med 2023; 71:212-222. [PMID: 36772925 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221140588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) provide a novel source of nicotine and may lead to experimentation by adolescents and eventually to their use of conventional cigarettes. The National Youth Tobacco Survey collected information from a nationally representative sample of students in 2016 to determine their experiences with conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, their intentions to use these products in the future, and their perceptions of harm and addiction associated with these products. We analyzed these data with ordered probit regression models to determine possible associations with the intention to try e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. This survey included 20,520 respondents, 50.6% were male, 5.9% had used conventional cigarettes, and 9.0% had used e-cigarettes. Approximately 10% thought e-cigarettes caused no harm, 3.7% thought that conventional cigarettes caused no harm, and 52.5% thought that e-cigarettes were less harmful than conventional cigarettes. Less than 1% of the students responded "Definitely yes" to the question, "Do you think you will try an e-cig?" The odds ratios for an intention to try e-cigarettes increased as the perception of harm decreased; these ratios increased from 1.0 for "A lot of harm" to 5.85 (95% CI: 3.51, 9.75) for "No harm." In 2016, the majority of students thought that e-cigarettes could cause some harm. This survey indicates that most students have not tried e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes. The minority of students who think that e-cigarettes pose no harm and students in the ages 14 and 16 are more likely to try them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pane
- Data Science, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Jared Murray
- McCombs School of Business University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Nugent
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shengping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Wężyk-Caba I, Znyk M, Zajdel R, Balwicki Ł, Tyrańska-Fobke A, Juszczyk G, Zajdel K, Świątkowska B, Kaleta D. Determinants of E-Cigarette and Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults in Poland-PolNicoYouth Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11512. [PMID: 36141783 PMCID: PMC9517296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Teen use of tobacco-related products is a significant public health concern. This study evaluated the predictors of e-cigarette use among secondary school students who were never cigarette smokers and ever cigarette smokers in Poland. METHODS This study examined a sample of Polish youths aged 13-19 (n = 19,241) attending 200 schools, 12 on average in each county. The study was a part of the National Health Program in Poland for 2016-2020. Logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS Of all participants, 32.5% were ever cigarette users. Among the never cigarette users, 13.6% were deemed susceptible to e-cigarette use. Among the ever cigarette users, 60.6% were deemed susceptible to e-cigarette use. Of those susceptible to e-cigarette use, 68.2% were among the 32.5% ever cigarette users. The profile of e-cigarette use among never e-cigarette users also included: pocket money available per month (more than 150 PLN) (OR = 1.7; p = 0.001), 16-17 years old (OR = 1.9; p = 0.001), parental tobacco smoking and e-cigarette usage (OR = 2.0; p = 0.01 and OR = 1.7; p = 0.001 respectively), maternal secondary education (OR = 1.1; p = 0.04), and living in big cities >500,000 inhabitants (OR = 1.4; p = 0.04). E-cigarette users among ever cigarette users were similar to never cigarette users in their opinion that e-cigarette use is less harmful than traditional smoking (OR = 1.6; p = 0.0012) and living with both parents smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.3; p = 0.02). Additionally, the determinants were: female gender (OR = 1.5; p = 0.009) in the age group less than 15 years of age (OR = 1.3; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The major determinant of e-cigarette use in this population was prior smoking. Additionally, the results revealed that fairly obvious predictors such as parental smoking and a belief in the less harmfulness of e-cigarette use are important determinants for smoking among never or ever e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Wężyk-Caba
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Znyk
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Business and Informatics, University of Łódź, POW 3/5 Street, 90-255 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Balwicki
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Tyrańska-Fobke
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Jana Nielubowicza St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Hallera Sq., 90-645 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
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Hoffmeyer N, Hinton A, Wagener TL, Tackett AP. Correlates of youth Poly-E-Cigarette device use. Addict Behav 2022; 129:107248. [PMID: 35091199 PMCID: PMC9008600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine poly-e-cigarette (poly-EC) device use among youth EC users and identify factors associated with poly- versus single-EC device use status. METHODS 861 EC users aged 14-21 responded to an online survey about EC use and sociodemographic factors in August 2020. Respondents were included if they were current EC users (i.e., at least one day in the past 30 days) and excluded if they were currently using other tobacco products (OTPs). RESULTS Data analysis indicated poly-EC device use was associated with higher self-reported nicotine dependence, younger age of onset, having close friends who use ECs and higher or lower self-perceived socioeconomic status compared to others. CONCLUSIONS Young poly-EC device users were more likely to begin using at a younger age, live with and have close friends who were EC users, and report greater nicotine dependence. Identifying temporality in these associations can identify youth at greater risk of poly-EC use. Future research should examine poly-EC device use in prospective surveillance monitoring to further evaluate the longitudinal implications on use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hoffmeyer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA; Center for Tobacco Research, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Alice Hinton
- Center for Tobacco Research, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, USA; Center for Tobacco Research, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Bast LS, Klitgaard MB, Kjeld SG, Jarlstrup NS, Christensen AI. Use of Tobacco and Nicotine Products among Young People in Denmark-Status in Single and Dual Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5623. [PMID: 35565011 PMCID: PMC9099614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lots of new tobacco or nicotine products are being launched, e.g., e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, which appeal especially to the youngest part of the population. For example, the use of smokeless tobacco among Danish youth rose from approx. 2% in 2010 to 9% in 2020. Hence, there is an urgent need to follow and intervene against youth tobacco or nicotine product use. This study explored the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heated tobacco, and smokeless tobacco among Danish 15- to 29-year-olds. Further, we examined the concurrent use of two products or more. We used a nationwide survey conducted among 15- to 29-year-olds in February and March 2020. Overall, approx. 35,700 individuals received the questionnaire of which 35.5% responded (n = 13,315). One out of five (20.1%) smoked cigarettes, half of them daily, the other half occasionally. About one in twenty (3.9%) used e-cigarettes (daily or occasionally), and more than one in three (31.6%) had tried e-cigarettes. The use of heated tobacco among Danish youth is still relatively limited (0.3%). In comparison, about 9% used smokeless tobacco (daily or occasionally). Overall, 27.0% stated that they use at least one type of tobacco or nicotine product, while 5.6% used more than one product. Monitoring tobacco-related behavior in youth provides extremely important information for, e.g., policymakers and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Sofie Bast
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestraede 6, 1455 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.B.K.); (S.G.K.); (N.S.J.); (A.I.C.)
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Mantey D, Harrell M, Chen B, Kelder SH, Perry C, Loukas A. Multiple tobacco product use among cigarette smokers: a longitudinal examination of menthol and non-menthol smokers during young adulthood. Tob Control 2022; 31:411-415. [PMID: 33452208 PMCID: PMC8280244 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple tobacco product (MTP) use is common among young adults. Most MTP users are combustible cigarette smokers that use one or more other tobacco products. This study aims to explore menthol as a risk factor for MTP use among a cohort of young adult cigarette smokers. METHODS Participants were 18-29 years cigarette smokers at 24 Texas colleges in a 6-wave study. Participants (n=4700 observations) were classified as: single product users (ie, exclusive cigarette smoking); dual product users and poly product users. A multilevel, ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between menthol cigarette smoking and MTP use. Two longitudinal, multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used. RESULTS Overall, 40.7% of the sample were single product users, 33.7% were dual product users and 25.6% were poly product users. Menthol was associated with 1.28 greater odds of MTP use. Further, menthol was associated with 1.19 greater risk of dual and 1.40 greater risk of poly product use, relative to single product use. Lastly, menthol cigarette smoking was associated with 1.18 greater risk of poly product use, relative to dual product use. CONCLUSIONS There was a gradient relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used among young adult cigarette smokers. Findings provide for greater regulatory and programmatic efforts to reduce the use of menthol cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Mantey
- UT Health, School of Public Health, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Baojiang Chen
- UT Health, School of Public Health, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cheryl Perry
- UT Health, School of Public Health, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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Cassidy RN, Tidey JW, Cao Q, Colby SM, McClernon FJ, Smith TT, Dermody S, Koopmeiners JS, Jensen JA, Strayer LG, Donny EC, Hatsukami D. Responses to Gradual and Immediate Reduction of Nicotine in Cigarettes in Young Versus Older Adult Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1559-1566. [PMID: 33754156 PMCID: PMC8372658 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the FDA works to determine whether a nicotine reduction policy would benefit public health, one key question is whether to mandate an immediate or gradual reduction in nicotine levels in cigarettes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of gradual versus immediate nicotine reduction on cigarettes per day (CPD), total nicotine equivalents, and subjective responses differed in younger adults versus older adults. METHODS Using data from a recent randomized trial conducted in the United States (N = 1250) that switched smokers over a 20-week period to very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes either immediately, gradually (via monthly reductions in nicotine content), or not at all (control condition, normal nicotine content research cigarette), we analyzed the moderating effect of age (age 18-24 or 25+). RESULTS For both age groups, CPD in the immediate condition was significantly lower relative to gradual condition (estimated mean difference of 6.3 CPD in young adults, 5.2 CPD in older adults; p's < .05). Younger and older adults in the immediate and gradual reduction conditions had lower total nicotine equivalents at Week 20 (all p's < .05) than those in the control condition; age group did not moderate this effect. Positive subjective responses to cigarettes were lower among young adults relative to older adults in the immediate condition. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that an immediate reduction in nicotine would result in beneficial effects in both young and older adults. Young adults show less positive subjective effects of smoking following switching to VLNC cigarettes relative to older adults. IMPLICATIONS As researchers work to understand how a potential reduced-nicotine product standard for cigarettes may affect public health, one question is whether nicotine should be reduced immediately or gradually. This study demonstrates that both young and older adults who were switched immediately to the lowest content of nicotine smoked fewer CPD and had lower nicotine intake than those in the gradual condition. Furthermore, young adults appear to show lower positive subjective effects following switching to VLNC cigarettes relative to older adults. This is consistent with previous work demonstrating that young people appear to show lower abuse liability for VLNC cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Cassidy
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Francis J McClernon
- Center for Addiction Science and Technology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tracy T Smith
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah Dermody
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joni A Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lori G Strayer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric C Donny
- Tobacco Control Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Shi Y. Heterogeneities in administration methods among cannabis users by use purpose and state legalization status: findings from a nationally representative survey in the United States, 2020. Addiction 2021; 116:1782-1793. [PMID: 33217090 PMCID: PMC8134617 DOI: 10.1111/add.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different cannabis administration methods have differential impacts on health. This study aimed to describe administration methods among cannabis users in the United States categorized by (1) use purpose and (2) state legalization status. DESIGN Cross-sectional, probability-based online survey in 2020. SETTING All 50 states and Washington DC in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 903 adults (18+) were recruited from a probability-based online panel to provide nationally representative estimates. METHODS Eleven administration methods were grouped into combustion, vaporization, ingestion and topicals. Weighted prevalence was reported among (1) medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users based on self-reported purposes and (2) users in states that legalized both recreational and medical cannabis (RCL states), legalized medical cannabis only and did not legalize cannabis. FINDINGS Among past-year users, the proportions of medical-only, recreational-only and dual-purpose users were 25.55, 43.81 and 30.64%, respectively. The most common primary methods were combustion (42.08%) and topicals (28.65%) for medical purposes and combustion (72.07%) and ingestion (15.05%) for recreational purposes. Dual-purpose users were more likely to report combustion and vaporization but less likely to report ingestion and topicals as primary methods for medical use than medical-only users (P < 0.001) and more likely to report combustion and topicals but less likely to report ingestion as primary methods for recreational use than recreational-only users (P < 0.041). A higher proportion of dual-purpose users (82.82%) used more than one method than medical-only (40.52%) and recreational-only users (63.91%) (P < 0.001). For both medical and recreational purposes, RCL states had the lowest rate of combustion and the highest rates of ingestion and topicals reported as primary methods (P < 0.033). The rate of using more than one administration method did not differ across states (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Cannabis users whose purposes are medical, recreational or both tend to differ in their selected administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Shi
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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11
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Klemperer EM, Hughes JR, Callas PW, West JC, Villanti AC. Tobacco and Nicotine Use Among US Adult "Never Smokers" in Wave 4 (2016-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1199-1207. [PMID: 33433608 PMCID: PMC8186421 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A common criterion for being labeled a "never smoker" is having smoked <100 lifetime cigarettes. This category is often used as an unexposed reference group to estimate the relative harm from cigarettes. We examined the amount of current and past cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco/nicotine use among adults who met this "never smoker" criterion. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 17 179 adult "never smokers" (ie, reported <100 lifetime cigarettes) in Wave 4 (2016-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a United States nationally representative sample. We used PATH-derived variables to describe "never smokers'" demographics as well as cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco/nicotine use. RESULTS Approximately half of "never smokers" were young adults (49.3%). Most were white (68.6%) with some college or more (64.4%). Most "never smokers" had tried any cigarette or non-cigarette tobacco/nicotine in their lifetime (66.7%), 8.5% smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days, and 5.3% were current experimental (ie, some days or every day) cigarette smokers. By definition, "never smokers" reported smoking <100 lifetime cigarettes. One fifth (22.8%) had a lifetime history of established regular non-cigarette tobacco/nicotine use and 8.6% were current established regular non-cigarette tobacco/nicotine users. In total, 9.4% of "never smokers" were current experimental or established regular users of combustible tobacco. CONCLUSIONS The 100-cigarette lifetime threshold includes substantial amounts of current and past tobacco use and thus does not represent lack of exposure to cigarette or non-cigarette tobacco. "Never smoker" reference groups may produce underestimates of the relative harms from cigarettes. IMPLICATIONS The <100 lifetime cigarettes criterion may not capture what many would consider true "never smokers." Relying on the current definition of "never smokers" as a reference group will include a substantial number of those currently and recently using combustible tobacco and thus produce data that may underestimate the relative harm from cigarettes. Prospective longitudinal research is needed to compare how the 100-cigarette lifetime threshold versus other definitions of regular cigarette smoking differ in predictive validity of clinically meaningful outcomes and health harms to determine the optimal criteria to define established cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Klemperer
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - John R Hughes
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Peter W Callas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Julia C West
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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12
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Taylor KA, Sharma E, Edwards KC, Halenar MJ, Kissin W, Kasza KA, Day H, Anic G, Gardner LD, Hammad HT, Hull LC, Bansal-Travers M, Limpert J, Borek N, Kimmel HL, Compton WM, Hyland A, Stanton C. Longitudinal pathways of exclusive and polytobacco cigarette use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1-3 (2013-2016). Tob Control 2021; 29:s139-s146. [PMID: 32321847 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarettes are the most harmful and most prevalent tobacco product in the USA. This study examines cross-sectional prevalence and longitudinal pathways of cigarette use among US youth (12-17 years), young adults (18-24 years) and adults 25+ (25 years and older). DESIGN Data were drawn from the first three waves (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US adults and youth. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, N=11 046; young adults, N=6478; adults 25+, N=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses. RESULTS Among Wave 1 (W1) any past 30-day (P30D) cigarette users, more than 60%, persistently used cigarettes across three waves in all age groups. Exclusive cigarette use was more common among adult 25+ W1 P30D cigarette users (62.6%), while cigarette polytobacco use was more common among youth (57.1%) and young adults (65.2%). Persistent exclusive cigarette use was the most common pathway among adults 25+ and young adults; transitioning from exclusive cigarette use to cigarette polytobacco use was most common among youth W1 exclusive cigarette users. For W1 youth and young adult cigarette polytobacco users, the most common pattern of use was persistent cigarette polytobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use remains persistent across time, regardless of age, with most W1 P30D smokers continuing to smoke at all three waves. Policy efforts need to continue focusing on cigarettes, in addition to products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems that are becoming more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie A Taylor
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Eva Sharma
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn C Edwards
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Halenar
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wendy Kissin
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Karin A Kasza
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Day
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gabriella Anic
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lisa D Gardner
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hoda T Hammad
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lynn C Hull
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Maansi Bansal-Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jean Limpert
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wilson M Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cassandra Stanton
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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13
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Phetphum C, Prajongjeep A, Thawatchaijareonying K, Wongwuttiyan T, Wongjamnong M, Yossuwan S, Surapon D. Personal and perceptual factors associated with the use of electronic cigarettes among university students in northern Thailand. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33897315 PMCID: PMC8059432 DOI: 10.18332/tid/133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although Thailand has banned the import of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) into the kingdom, a range of evidence has revealed the widespread use of these illegal products, especially among university students. Too little is known about personal and perceptual factors for such behavior. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes among university students in Northern Thailand METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 792 university students in Northern Thailand between June and July 2020. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was implemented to collect relevant information. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes in the last 30 days. RESULTS The study revealed that 18.1% of the participants used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. The personal factors associated with e-cigarette use among Thai university students included: studying in non-health related faculties (AOR=11.21; 95% CI: 4.88–25.71); having a friend using e-cigarettes (AOR=10.48; 95% CI: 5.96–18.41); having a lower GPA than the mean (AOR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.14– 3.28); and having a monthly income higher than the mean (AOR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.09–2.78). Regarding perceptual factors, there was a significant link between e-cigarette use and the perception that these modern cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes (AOR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.50–4.07), and perception that using e-cigarettes in public is not illegal (AOR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.19–3.15). CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use is widespread among Thai university students. Maintaining the enforcement policy on banning the importation of e-cigarettes into the country is thus needed. Also, further communication and public relations on the risks and legal prohibitions of e-cigarette use are needed among university students in the Northern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkraphan Phetphum
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Tobacco Control Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Atchara Prajongjeep
- Department of Community Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Thawatchaijareonying
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Tobacco Control Research Unit, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Thanchanok Wongwuttiyan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Mintra Wongjamnong
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Somreuthai Yossuwan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Dueanchai Surapon
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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14
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Cho J, Goldenson NI, Kirkpatrick MG, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use initiation in high school. Addiction 2021; 116:382-393. [PMID: 32533801 PMCID: PMC7736052 DOI: 10.1111/add.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify prototypical developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use and co-use initiation during adolescence, and determine risk factors for and consequences of these initiation patterns. DESIGN Prospective repeated-measures cohort with eight semi-annual assessments during high school. Multiple-event process survival mixture modeling identified latent initiation classes with distinct patterns of variation in timing of use initiation of tobacco products and cannabis. We then estimated: (1) associations of baseline risk factors with membership in initiation classes and (2) differences between initiation classes in frequency of cannabis and tobacco product use at the final assessment. SETTING Ten high schools in the Los Angeles, CA, USA metropolitan area, 2013-17. PARTICIPANTS Students [1031 (45.4%) males; mean (standard deviation) age at baseline = 14.6 (0.39) years] who had never used any tobacco products or cannabis at baseline 9th grade assessment (n = 2272). MEASUREMENTS Self-report measures of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), combustible cigarette, hookah, cigar/cigarillos and cannabis use were collected at each assessment. FINDINGS Four distinct tobacco and cannabis use initiation classes were identified: (1) early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 116; 5.1%); (2) early cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 172; 7.6%); (3) late cannabis and e-cigarette initiators (n = 431; 19.0%); and (4) abstainers (n = 1553; 68.4%). At baseline, older age for the early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10, 1.35, P < 0.001], peer cannabis use (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.08, P < 0.001) and delinquent behavior (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55, P = 0.004) were associated with membership in the three initiation classes (versus abstainers). Membership in the early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators class (versus three other classes) was significantly associated with increased past 30-day frequency and daily intensity of use at the final assessment (P-values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older age, peer cannabis use and delinquent behavior appear to be risk factors for the initiation of tobacco/cannabis product use among high school students in the Los Angeles metropolitan region. Early and higher-risk polyproduct use initiation appears to be associated with greater escalation of past 30-day and daily tobacco and cannabis use at the end of the high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: Junhan Cho, Ph.D., University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, SSB302X), Los Angeles, CA 90032-9239, USA; , Phone: 323-442-8239, Fax: 323-442-2359
| | - Nicholas I. Goldenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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15
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Predicting the mortality of smoking attributable to cancer in Qingdao, China: A time-series analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245769. [PMID: 33493221 PMCID: PMC7833131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and disability from cancer in China. To provide a scientific basis for tobacco control strategies and measures, this study investigated cancer deaths attributed to smoking from 2005 to 2017 and predicted mortality trends from 2018 to 2020 in Qingdao. We used time series analysis to evaluate the number of deaths attributed to smoking among residents over 35 years old in Qingdao and predicted mortality trends. The number of cancer deaths attributed to smoking in Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was between 170 and 407, showing an upward trend and a certain periodicity. The best model is the ARIMA (2,1,0)×(3,1,0)12, with the lowest BIC (6.640) and the highest stationary R2 (0.500). The predicted cancer deaths curve attributed to smoking in 2017 is consistent with the actual curve, with an average relative error of 5.74%. Applying this model to further predict the number of cancer deaths attributed to smoking in Qingdao from January 2018 to December 2020, the predicted results were 5,249, 5,423 and 6,048, respectively. The findings emphasized the need to further strengthen tobacco control measures to reduce the burden of disease caused by tobacco.
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16
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Watanapongvanich S, Khan MSR, Putthinun P, Ono S, Kadoya Y. Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Smoking Behavior: Evidence From Japan. Front Public Health 2021; 8:612976. [PMID: 33520921 PMCID: PMC7844398 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.612976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the relationship between financial literacy, financial education, and smoking behavior among the Japanese population. We hypothesize that financially literate and financially educated people, who have the ability to make more rational decisions, are less likely to smoke. Using the Preference Parameters Study of Osaka University, conducted in 2010 (N = 3,706), the probit regression results show that both financial literacy (with an emphasis on knowledge of investments) and financial education (with an emphasis on savings behavior) have a significant negative impact on smoking behavior. In addition, gender, age, education, marital status, household income and assets, risky behaviors, a myopic view of the future, risk preference, and level of happiness also significantly predict the likelihood of a person being a current smoker. This study provides empirical evidence that enhancing the rational decision-making ability of individuals through financial literacy and financial education may curtail smoking behavior.
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17
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Ishler KJ, Flocke SA, Albert EL, Trapl E, Gunzler D. Cigarillo and multiple tobacco product use and nicotine dependence in adolescents and young adults. Addict Behav 2020; 111:106537. [PMID: 32795846 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple tobacco product (MTP) use is a growing public health concern, particularly among adolescents and young adults. This study identifies subgroups of MTP use among cigarillo users and examines associations with nicotine dependence (ND). METHODS 1089 youth (ages 14-28) who currently smoke cigarillos completed a web-based survey regarding their current use of cigarillos, little cigars, traditional cigars, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe/hookah. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of product use by type and amount. The LCA also assessed the relationship between the latent classes and a 38-item measure of ND, controlling for relevant demographics. RESULTS Most participants (88.2%) reported using two or more tobacco products in the past 30 days. The best-fitting LCA solution revealed 7 classes: (1) Mixed-Light tipped cigarillo and light cigarette users, 28.9%; (2) Light tipped cigarillo users, 15.8%; (3) Light untipped cigarillo users, 14.3%; (4) Heavy tipped cigarillo users, 13.4%; (5) E-cigarette and waterpipe users, 11.9%; (6) Heavy users of tipped and untipped cigarillos and light users of cigarettes, 9.8%; and (7) Dabblers who primarily used traditional cigars, but were also likely to use a variety of other products, 6.1%. Classes comprised of those using multiple products-particularly those that included cigarettes-had significantly higher levels of ND than other classes (Tukey's HSD P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of MTP use are evident among young cigarillo smokers. Smoking multiple products, particularly smoking cigarillos in combination with cigarettes, is associated with higher ND compared to other product use patterns.
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18
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Gomez Y, Creamer M, Trivers KF, Anic G, Morse AL, Reissig C, Agaku I. Patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among youth, United States, 2017-2018. Prev Med 2020; 141:106284. [PMID: 33068604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined patterns of tobacco product use and their association with nicotine dependence among U.S. youth. Combined data from the 2017-2018 National Youth Tobacco Surveys were analyzed for students that reported current (past-30-day) use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, or hookah (n = 6106). Analyses assessed multiple product use (≥2 tobacco products) overall and by sex, school level, race/ethnicity, current use, and frequent use (use of a product for ≥20 of the preceding 30 days). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of nicotine dependence. During 2017-2018, 40.8% of tobacco product users reported use of multiple products. Multiple product use ranged from 47.0% among e-cigarette users to 80.7% among cigarette smokers. Among frequent users of each respective product, 80.0% of cigarette smokers, 74.9% of cigar smokers, 73.6% of smokeless tobacco users, 70.7% of hookah smokers, and 40.3% of e-cigarette users reported use of multiple products. Most youth who reported nicotine dependence (64.0%) were multiple product users. E-cigarettes were the most common single product used (36.3%) and the product most commonly used in combination with other products; e-cigarettes plus cigarettes (6.7%) was the most common product combination. Combustible product use, smokeless tobacco use, multiple product use and frequent use were associated with greater odds of nicotine dependence. Nicotine dependence among youth is especially influenced by cigarette use, smokeless tobacco use, frequent use of any tobacco product, and multiple product use. Proven tobacco control interventions in coordination with regulatory efforts can reduce youth tobacco product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Gomez
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - MeLisa Creamer
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina F Trivers
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriella Anic
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Aura Lee Morse
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chad Reissig
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Israel Agaku
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Jodalli P, Panchmal GS. Tobacco use patterns and predictors among college students in Mangalore, South India: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:58. [PMID: 33163704 PMCID: PMC7643585 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Jodalli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Ganesh S. Panchmal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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20
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Hinds JT, Loukas A, Perry CL. Characterizing the polytobacco behaviors of sexual minority young adult college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 213:108126. [PMID: 32590213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polytobacco use is a growing concern; users are exposed to cumulatively more nicotine, increasing their risk for dependence and long-term use. More sexual minority (SM) young adults report polytobacco use than their heterosexual peers, yet no studies explore how their tobacco patterns vary across the diverse product landscape. The purpose of this study was to characterize SM young adults' patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence, and explore co-occurring risk factors for polytobacco use. METHODS Participants were 609 SM Texas college students. Latent class analysis identified subgroups of tobacco users based on their tobacco use behaviors and an indicator of nicotine dependence. Multinomial logistic regression identified associations between individual-level variables and the probability of membership in various user classes. RESULTS Tobacco use clustered in four classes: non-users, non-addicted cigarette users, non-addicted e-cigarette users, and addicted polytobacco users. Polytobacco users had an increased probability of depressive symptoms and cannabis use relative to non-users, and more binge alcohol use than all other groups. Non-addicted cigarette users had an increased probability of binge alcohol use, cannabis use, and being non-Hispanic White relative to non-users, and an increased likelihood of cannabis use relative to non-addicted e-cigarette users. Non-addicted e-cigarette users had an increased probability of binge alcohol use relative to non-users. CONCLUSIONS SM young adults' tobacco use varies across the diverse product landscape. Failing to account for a range of tobacco behaviors and nicotine dependence prevents tailoring interventions that should also address concerns such as depressive symptoms, cannabis use, and binge alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Hinds
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd. D3700, Austin, TX, 78712 USA.
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd. D3700, Austin, TX, 78712 USA.
| | - Cheryl L Perry
- The Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin Campus, 1616 Guadalupe St Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701 USA.
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21
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Stanton CA, Sharma E, Seaman EL, Kasza KA, Edwards KC, Halenar MJ, Taylor KA, Day H, Anic G, Hull LC, Bansal-Travers M, Limpert J, Gardner LD, Hammad HT, Borek N, Kimmel HL, Compton WM, Hyland A. Initiation of any tobacco and five tobacco products across 3 years among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1-3 (2013-2016). Tob Control 2020; 29:s178-s190. [PMID: 32321852 PMCID: PMC7534279 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reports weighted cross-sectional prevalence of never use of tobacco, and longitudinal past 12-month (P12M), past 30-day (P30D) and frequent P30D any tobacco or specific tobacco product initiation across three 1-year waves. Longitudinal three-wave pathways are examined to outline pathways of exclusive and polytobacco initiation, as well as pathways of new initiators of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or cigarettes. DESIGN Data were drawn from the first three waves (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, N = 11 046; young adults, N = 6478; adults 25+, N = 17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses. RESULTS Across the three age groups, weighted cross-sectional analyses revealed never any tobacco use decreased each year from 2013 to 2016, reflecting overall increases in tobacco initiation in the population during this time. Compared with cigarettes, cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco, ENDS had the highest proportion of P12M initiation from Wave 1 to Wave 3 (W3) for each age group. Among youth Wave 2 P30D initiators of exclusive ENDS or cigarettes, the most common W3 outcome was not using any tobacco (ENDS: 59.0% (95% CI 48.4 to 68.8); cigarettes: 40.3% (95% CI 28.7 to 53.1)). CONCLUSIONS Initiation rates of ENDS among youth and young adults have increased the number of ever tobacco users in the US prevention strategies across the spectrum of tobacco products which can address youth initiation of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Stanton
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eva Sharma
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Seaman
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Karin A Kasza
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn C Edwards
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Halenar
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kristie A Taylor
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hannah Day
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gabriella Anic
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lynn C Hull
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Maansi Bansal-Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jean Limpert
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lisa D Gardner
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hoda T Hammad
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wilson M Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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22
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Stanton CA, Sharma E, Edwards KC, Halenar MJ, Taylor KA, Kasza KA, Day H, Anic G, Gardner LD, Hammad HT, Bansal-Travers M, Limpert J, Borek N, Kimmel HL, Compton WM, Hyland A. Longitudinal transitions of exclusive and polytobacco electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1-3 (2013-2016). Tob Control 2020; 29:s147-s154. [PMID: 32321848 PMCID: PMC7530834 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; including e-cigarettes) are rapidly evolving in the US marketplace. This study reports cross-sectional prevalence and longitudinal pathways of ENDS use across 3 years, among US youth (12-17 years), young adults (18-24 years) and adults 25+ (25 years and older). DESIGN Data were from the first three waves (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses. RESULTS Weighted cross-sectional ever use of ENDS increased at each wave. Across all three waves, young adults had the highest percentages of past 12-month, past 30-day (P30D) and daily P30D ENDS use compared with youth and adults 25+. Only about a quarter of users had persistent P30D ENDS use at each wave. Most ENDS users were polytobacco users. Exclusive Wave 1 ENDS users had a higher proportion of subsequent discontinued any tobacco use compared with polytobacco ENDS users who also used cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS ENDS use is most common among young adults compared with youth and adults 25+. However, continued use of ENDS over 2 years is not common for any age group. Health education efforts to reduce the appeal and availability of ENDS products might focus on reducing ENDS experimentation, and on reaching the smaller subgroups of daily ENDS users to better understand their reasons for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Stanton
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eva Sharma
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Edwards
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Halenar
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kristie A Taylor
- Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Karin A Kasza
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Day
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gabriella Anic
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lisa D Gardner
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hoda T Hammad
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Maansi Bansal-Travers
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jean Limpert
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nicolette Borek
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wilson M Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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23
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Guttmannova K, Jones AA, Johnson JK, Oesterle S, Johnson RM, Martins SS. Using Existing Data to Advance Knowledge About Adolescent and Emerging Adult Marijuana Use in the Context of Changes in Marijuana Policies. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:291-299. [PMID: 30719616 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-00991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Julie K Johnson
- Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission, Massachusetts Department of Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Dept. of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Moon SS, Boyas J, Kim YK. Using a classification tree modeling approach to predict cigarette use among adolescents in the United States. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:12-22. [PMID: 31482744 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1653323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to screen pertinent variables to identify ordered relations that provide easily interpretable and accurate predictions of the probability of cigarette use among adolescents using a classification tree modeling approach. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a national sample of 3717 U.S. adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years old from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Results: The results indicated that age was the most influential variable, followed by depression, race/ethnicity, family income, gender, and alcohol abuse and dependence. Additionally, several interaction emerged that identified higher and lower cigarette use profiles: youth who were between 18 and 20 years old and self-identified as non-Hispanic White, Native American/Alaska Native, and "Other" racial/ethnic group and African American, Asian, and Latinx adolescents, with depressive symptoms were at higher risk of cigarette use; while youth who reported lower family incomes, were 16-17 years old, who identified as African American, Asian, and Latinx, were also likely to report lower use of cigarettes when they reported lower depressive symptom scores. Discussion: These results are discussed relative to practice implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Seek Moon
- Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Boyas
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Youn Kyoung Kim
- School of Social Work, University of Louisiana System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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25
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Darawad MW, Rezk-Hanna M, Alhussami M, Lee J, Mostafa A, Abu-Rmeileh N, Kheirallah K, Salama M, Nakkash R, Saleh Z, Salloum R. Poly-Tobacco Use among Young Adult Waterpipe Smokers: Insights from University Students in Three Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2099-2108. [PMID: 32666880 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1790010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a tendency of waterpipe smokers to advance their practice toward concurrent use (poly-tobacco use) of other tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems. This study investigated poly-tobacco use among waterpipe smokers, and its effect on their quit intention. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized to recruit a convenience sample of university students who used waterpipe in three East Mediterranean countries. Using an internet-based survey, data were collected regarding participants' demographics, use of alternative tobacco products and nicotine delivery systems, and waterpipe quitting profile. Results: A total of 2290 students agreed to participate, among which 1116 (45.3%) reported using at least one tobacco product beside waterpipe. Poly-tobacco use was highest (61.1%) in Egypt, followed by Jordan (45.1%) and Palestine (33.1%). Across countries, cigarettes were the most common product (45.2%, n = 924) followed by cigar (18.6%, n = 374) and e-shisha (17.5%, n = 353). Conversely, the least reported product was smokeless tobacco (7.5%, n = 151) preceded by regular pipe (9.5%, n = 193). Participants who were males (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.18-3.65), older (22-29 years) (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09-1.22), unemployed (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22-2.04), and those who initiated waterpipe at a younger age (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.87-0.91) had higher odds of being poly-smokers. Poly-tobacco users were significantly more resistant to quit waterpipe. Conclusion: This study demonstrates poly-tobacco use as a rising phenomenon among waterpipe smokers and highlights the necessity for initiating advanced interventions to help waterpipe poly-tobacco users quit this dangerous type of addiction. Various country-specific programs are needed considering the various products used by the users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Rezk-Hanna
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Aya Mostafa
- Department of Community Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Niveen Abu-Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health-Medical School, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Salama
- Clinical Nursing Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeyad Saleh
- School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ramzi Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Colby SM, Cassidy RN, Denlinger-Apte R, Smith TT, Pacek LR, McClernon FJ, Tidey JW. Anticipated Effects of Nicotine Reduction on Youth Smoking Initiation and Maintenance. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:S46-S48. [PMID: 31867638 PMCID: PMC6939777 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This commentary summarizes emerging findings on the potential impact of a nicotine reduction policy on youth and young adults. We conclude that: (1) adolescent smokers and nonsmokers alike are likely to be less sensitive to reinforcement from very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes compared with adults; (2) reducing nicotine in cigarettes to 0.4 mg/g would reduce the abuse potential of cigarettes in adolescents and young adults; (3) findings to date do not support concerns that nicotine reduction leads to compensatory smoking in young smokers; and (4) if the scope of a reduced nicotine product standard were applied to all combusted tobacco products, that would likely maximize public health benefit of this policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Rachel N Cassidy
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Rachel Denlinger-Apte
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Tracy T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Lauren R Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - F Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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27
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Risk factors for multiple tobacco product use among high school youth. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106068. [PMID: 31470239 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine how youth multiple tobacco product (MTP) users differ relative to non-users and to single-product users on risk factors at multiple levels of influence. METHODS We analyzed data on high school students from the North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey, 2015 (n = 2922). Single- and MTP use were defined as use of one, or two or more tobacco products in the past month, respectively. Multinomial regressions estimated the association between risk factors and MTP use compared to single-product use and non-use of tobacco. Risk factors included intra-personal (e.g., harm perceptions), and interpersonal (e.g., household, peer tobacco use, secondhand smoke or vapor, and advertising) factors. RESULTS Of students, 12% and 13% were single product and MTP users, respectively. Many differences emerged between MTP users and non-tobacco users, with MTP users showing lower harm perceptions, higher perceived social benefits of smoking, significantly higher relative risk of having friends who use tobacco (RRR = 4.79, 95% CI 3.42, 6.70), of exposure to secondhand e-cigarette vapor (RRR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.23, 1.48), and of being receptive to tobacco marketing (RRR = 4.01, 95% CI 2.87, 5.61). Fewer differences emerged between MTP and single product users with MTP users having significantly higher relative risk of having friends who use tobacco (RRR = 2.31 95% CI 1.73, 3.07), of exposure to secondhand vapor (RRR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02, 1.18), and of being receptive to tobacco marketing (RRR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.17, 2.50). CONCLUSIONS Efforts that target multiple tobacco product use should increase youth tobacco-related harm perceptions, and protect youth from social, peer, and industry influences.
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28
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Cooper M, Pacek LR, Guy MC, Barrington-Trimis JL, Simon P, Stanton C, Kong G. Hookah Use Among US Youth: A Systematic Review of the Literature From 2009 to 2017. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:1590-1599. [PMID: 29961895 PMCID: PMC6861827 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s authority to regulate hookah, more research is needed to inform regulations intended to prevent youth from using hookah. This systematic review summarizes and assesses the literature related to hookah use among adolescents (11 to ≤18 years of age) in the United States from 2009 to 2017. METHODS Database searches yielded 867 peer-reviewed articles. After duplicates were removed, authors reviewed 461 articles for inclusion. Included articles (n = 55) were coded for study themes, study quality, and their relevance to FDA's research priorities. A qualitative synthesis is presented. RESULTS The following themes were identified: (1) prevalence of hookah use (n = 42), (2) tobacco use transitions (n = 7), (3) sociodemographic correlates (n = 35), (4) psychosocial risk factors (n = 21), (5) concurrent use of other tobacco products (n = 31), (6) concurrent use of other substances (n = 9), and (7) other (n = 15)-which includes low prevalence themes. The qualitative synthesis showed increasing rates of hookah use. Older age, male gender, positive social normative beliefs, higher peer use, as well as lower perceived risk were associated with hookah use. Longitudinal studies of youth hookah use showed bidirectional relationships between use of hookah and other tobacco products. All articles fell within FDA's research priority related to "behavior," and three priorities ("impact analysis," "health effects," and "toxicity") have not been explored for hookah use among US youth since 2009. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hookah use among youth in the United States is increasing, thus more research is needed to inform policies targeted to protect this vulnerable population. IMPLICATIONS This study represents a novel contribution to our understanding of hookah use among youth in the United States from 2009-the year that the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act was passed-to 2017. In recent years, hookah has become a more popular tobacco product among US youth; however, to date, no systematic reviews of hookah use among this population exist. Results highlight implications for future US FDA regulatory policy and identify gaps in research to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cooper
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Lauren R Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Mignonne C Guy
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Patricia Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cassandra Stanton
- Westat, Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training and Research (CECTR) in Tobacco Regulatory Science, Rockville, MD
- The Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center/Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Grace Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility-A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203935. [PMID: 31623178 PMCID: PMC6843563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the youth at risk of e-cigarette use is crucial for development of effective prevention strategies. The current study aims at evaluation of predictors of susceptibility to e-cigarette initiation and experimentation among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1693 students (non-current users of e-cigarettes) attending 21 schools in Piotrkowski district (a socially disadvantaged rural area in central Poland). The regression models were applied so as to study factors linked to susceptibility to e-cigarette use among never users (n = 1054) and ever users (n = 639) of e-cigarettes, with susceptibility defined as the absence of a firm decision not to use these products. A high proportion of the youth was susceptible to e-cigarette use (68% of never and 78% of ever e-cigarette users). The adjusted model confirmed the following risk factors: smoking parents and friends (never users: OR = 3.0; p < 0.001; OR = 2.0; p < 0.05; ever users: OR = 2.2; OR = 2.2; p < 0.01), alcohol consumption (never users: moderate drinking OR = 2.9; p < 0.001; binge drinking OR = 2.2; p < 0.01; ever users: moderate drinking OR = 4.2; p < 0.001), cigarette smoking (never users: OR = 14.1; ever users: OR = 11.3; p < 0.001), and perception that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes (never users: OR = 1.8; p < 0.001). The youth whose mothers had a medium and high educational level (never users: OR = 2.7; p < 0.01; OR = 2.7; p < 0.05; ever users: OR = 5.4; OR = 4.4; p < 0.001), those who perceived girls who use e-cigarettes as more attractive (never users: OR = 4.1; p < 0.001; ever users: OR = 2.9; p < 0.01), and secondary school students (ever users: OR = 5.6; p < 0.001) had higher odds of susceptibility to e-cigarette use. The youth who had more money per month were less susceptible to e-cigarette experimentation (OR = 0.4; p < 0.001). A multi-level intervention approach, considering vulnerable populations, is required to prevent the youth from e-cigarette initiation and experimentation.
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Reynolds AJ, Magro SW, Ou SR, Eales L. Are parent involvement and school quality associated with adult smoking behaviors? Findings from an urban early childhood cohort. Prev Med 2019; 127:105768. [PMID: 31323283 PMCID: PMC6744992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although smoking prevention is a high priority, few studies have examined alterable family and school context factors in childhood that influence later smoking behaviors. The present study examined associations of parent involvement in and expectations for children's education, elementary school quality, and school mobility with lifetime smoking history in adulthood for a low-income, minority cohort. Participants from the Chicago Longitudinal Study (N = 1142) were interviewed at age 22-24 as part of a 20-year follow-up of a prospective early childhood cohort of economically disadvantaged families. The sample is 74% of the original cohort (N = 1539). Family surveys and school records measured parent involvement and expectations as well as school quality and mobility from 4th to 8th grades. At age 22-24 follow-up, 47% reported a smoking history, and 37% were current smokers. After controlling for family background and participant characteristics, parent involvement in school was associated with reduced odds of a smoking history (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.99). Magnet school attendance (a school quality indicator) was associated with lower odds of current (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.28, 0.79) and daily smoking (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.74). More frequent school moves were consistently associated with increased odds of smoking (e.g., OR [currently] = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.36). Results indicate that protective factors within the family and school context were consistently associated with smoking measures. Programs and practices that strengthen parent involvement and school support may contribute to prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suh-Ruu Ou
- University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lauren Eales
- University of Minnesota, United States of America
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31
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El-Toukhy S, Sabado M, Choi K. Trends in Tobacco Product Use Patterns Among U.S. Youth, 1999-2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:690-697. [PMID: 28582567 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction We examined trends in seven mutually exclusive tobacco product use patterns (T-PUPs) in nationally representative samples of U.S. youth over time and age. Methods We used time varying effect modeling on National Youth Tobacco Surveys, 1999-2014 (N = 38662, 9-17 years, M = 15.02). Regression coefficients were estimated as a non-parametric function of time. T-PUPs were cigarette only, non-cigarette combustible only, noncombustible only, non-cigarette combustible and noncombustible dual, cigarette and noncombustible dual, cigarette and non-cigarette combustible dual, and POLY (i.e. cigarettes, non-cigarette combustibles, and noncombustibles) use. Results Among youth tobacco users, cigarette only use was the predominant T-PUP from 1999 to 2010. After 2010 and 2013, non-cigarette combustible only (AOR 1.38, CI = 1.02-1.87) and noncombustible only (AOR 1.57, CI = 1.00-2.45) use became more prevalent than cigarette only use. In 2011, dual and POLY T-PUPs were on the rise although not significantly different from cigarette only use. Cigarette only use was the predominant T-PUP among 11- to 17-year-old tobacco users. Non-cigarette combustible only (AOR 0.14, CI = 0.10-0.19), noncombustible only (AOR 0.01, CI = 0.008-0.02), non-cigarette combustible and noncombustible (AOR 0.01, CI = 0.01-0.03), cigarette and noncombustible (AOR 0.02, CI = 0.01-0.04), cigarette and non-cigarette combustible (AOR 0.32, CI = 0.24-0.43), and POLY (AOR 0.02, CI = 0.01-0.04) use were less prevalent than cigarette only use at age 17. Conclusions Non-cigarette, dual, and POLY T-PUPs are rising among youth tobacco users. Screening for all tobacco use and delivering treatment during pediatrician visits should be standard clinical practice. Implications Tracking trends in tobacco product use patterns (T-PUPs) over time and age is necessary to achieve Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing tobacco use among youth. Trends over time show a rise of non-cigarette T-PUPs especially noncombustible products but cigarette only use remains the most prevalent among 11- to 17-year-old tobacco users. The recent extension of FDA's regulatory jurisdiction over all tobacco products (e.g. e-cigarettes, hookah) is a step toward comprehensive tobacco control especially among youth. Public health practitioners should extend prevention and cessation efforts among youth to T-PUPs beyond exclusive cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine El-Toukhy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Sabado
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Kong G, Creamer MR, Simon P, Cavallo DA, Ross JC, Hinds JT, Fishbein H, Gutierrez K. Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy. Addict Behav 2019; 96:192-197. [PMID: 31125939 PMCID: PMC6645397 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cigar research on youth to identify potential future research agenda to generate evidence to inform cigar regulations to prevent cigar use among youth. METHODS We searched articles on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in April 2017 to identify articles relevant to cigars and adolescents. Two independent coders examined 48 articles to determine eligibility: (1) published between 2000-April 2017; (2) published in English; (3) conducted in the United States; (4) published in a peer-review journal; (5) examined cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars; (6) included youth (12-18 years old); and (7) included empirical data. Three independent coders reviewed the included articles (n = 48) to identify whether the studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities. RESULTS The studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities of "behavior" (n = 48), "communications" (n = 4), "marketing influences" (n = 1), and "impact analysis" (n = 1). Studies on "behavior" underscored the need for improvements in measurement, such as using brand names and distinguishing cigar products. The review revealed the need for restrictions on cigar flavors, development of media campaigns and interventions, increasing the cost (via taxation), and evaluating the impact of cigar policies. CONCLUSIONS The studies mostly focused on surveillance of behaviors and use patterns, which revealed cigar specific issues to address in policies to decrease cigar use among youth. The lack of studies addressing other FDA's research priorities highlighted the critical need for future studies that inform prevention of youth cigar use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kong
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America.
| | - MeLisa R Creamer
- UTHealth The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX 78701, United States of America
| | - Patricia Simon
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Dana A Cavallo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Cornacchione Ross
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Winston Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - Josephine T Hinds
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin Gutierrez
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
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Mounach S, Zahrou FE, Mahdaoui E, Belakhel L, Khazraji YC, El Berri H. Evolution of attitudes, trends and perceptions of smoking among middle and secondary school students in the Gharb Region, Morocco, 2010-2015. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2019; 11:e1-e6. [PMID: 31296013 PMCID: PMC6620552 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is an important public health issue. Morocco implemented a tobacco control programme, which has been ongoing among students at middle and secondary schools since 2010. Aim This study aims to compare the trend in smoking among the programme beneficiaries with the results of the initial study conducted prior to the implementation of the programme. Setting This study was conducted in middle and secondary schools of the Gharb Region in Morocco between 2010 and 2015. Methods Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the middle and secondary schools of the Gharb Region. Multistage cluster sampling was used. The information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results In the first study in 2010, 5312 students participated, and in the second one in 2015, 4208 students participated. The level of information on smoking and its effects was higher in 2015 (94.0%) than in 2010 (92.5%). In 2010, parents, primary schools and television and radio were more involved in student information on smoking compared to 2015. The proportion of students claiming that tobacco was not a pleasure (86.3%) and that it does not calm nerves (76.5%) was significantly higher in 2015 than in 2010. The prevalence of smoking increased significantly in 2015 (2.9%) against 2010 (1.8%). Conclusion This study reports the general positive evolution in knowledge about smoking and its effects. Despite that the prevalence of smokers increased in 2015. The results suggest the need to address family influences on adolescent smoking and to investigate participation of schools in education and training students in tobacco dependence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mounach
- National Surveillance Unit, Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat.
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Berg CJ, Haardörfer R, Payne JB, Getachew B, Vu M, Guttentag A, Kirchner TR. Ecological momentary assessment of various tobacco product use among young adults. Addict Behav 2019; 92:38-46. [PMID: 30579116 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young adults are at high risk for using traditional and novel tobacco products. However, little is known about daily/weekly use patterns or psychosocial triggers for using various tobacco products. METHODS This ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study examined timing, tobacco cravings, affect, social context, and other substance use (alcohol, marijuana) in relation to use of cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and any tobacco product (i.e., cigarettes, ENDS, cigars, hookah), respectively. We also examined interactions between these predictors, sex, and race/ethnicity. From a longitudinal study of 3418 18-25 year-olds from seven Georgia colleges/universities, we recruited 72 reporting current tobacco use to participate in the 21-day EMA study; 43 participated, of which 31 completed ≥66% assessments and were analyzed. Cravings, affect, social context, and substance use were assessed daily across four four-hour windows. RESULTS Of the 31 participants, average age was 21.10 years (SD = 1.95), 45.2% were female, and 71.0% non-Hispanic White; 71.0% used cigarettes, 58.1% ENDS, 38.7% cigars, and 25.8% hookah (25.6% used one product, 46.5% two, 27.9% ≥ three). Predictors of cigarette use included higher anxiety, greater odds of marijuana and alcohol use, and higher boredom levels among women. Predictors of ENDS use included being non-White and greater odds of marijuana use, as well as higher tobacco cravings among women and higher boredom among men. Predictors of any tobacco product use included being non-White, higher boredom levels, and greater odds of marijuana and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Distinct interventions may be needed to address use of differing tobacco products among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jackelyn B Payne
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Betelihem Getachew
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Milkie Vu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Alexandra Guttentag
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, 715 Broadway, 12th Floor New York, NY 10003, United States
| | - Thomas R Kirchner
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, 715 Broadway, 12th Floor New York, NY 10003, United States
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Identifying behavioural characteristics of tobacco product and e-cigarette use clusters: A repeat cross-sectional analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 90:77-84. [PMID: 30368022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth may use a variety of tobacco products and e-cigarettes. However, there is a lack of evidence for the combinations of tobacco products and e-cigarettes commonly used by youth in Canada and whether youth from different usage classes share similar characteristics. METHODS A cohort of 9th grade students from Ontario, Canada was identified at baseline (2013-14) of the COMPASS study (n = 4651). Classes of youth that currently use similar combinations of tobacco products and e-cigarettes were identified at baseline, one (FY1) and two years later (FY2) using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models identified demographic and behavioural characteristics (e.g., environmental influences, substance use behaviours, etc.) of youth in current tobacco and e-cigarette use classes relative to youth in non-current use classes. RESULTS At baseline, a three-class model was identified as best, while a four-class model was identified at FY1 and FY2. A non-current use group and an all-product use group were identified every year. Students that reported having friends that smoked cigarettes, binge drinking, and using marijuana were more likely to be classified into a current use class. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco cigarettes were more likely to be used with other products than on their own. An all-product use group was identified across all three survey waves and the prevalence of this group increased over time. Given that many youth in this study used more than one tobacco product or e-cigarette and commonly reported binge drinking and using marijuana, prevention and cessation activities should address the use of multiple products.
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Bals R, Boyd J, Esposito S, Foronjy R, Hiemstra PS, Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Katsaounou P, Lindberg A, Metz C, Schober W, Spira A, Blasi F. Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01151-2018. [PMID: 30464018 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01151-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as "electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid" and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; in vitro and animal studies; and user perspectives.ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bals
- Dept of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Dept of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- 1st ICU Evangelismos Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carlos Metz
- Dept of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schober
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Dept of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Avrum Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Dept of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Spillane NS, Treloar Padovano H, Schick MR. Regional and gender differences in tobacco use among American Indian youth. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 19:553-566. [PMID: 30633663 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1548321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use is among the top preventable causes of death in the United States, and American Indian (AI) adolescents tend to use tobacco at higher rates compared to the general population. To examine regional and gender differences in rates of smoked, smokeless, and poly-tobacco use among AI adolescents as compared to White counterparts, participants were sampled as part of a larger ongoing study examining substance use among American Indian adolescents who completed the American Drug and Alcohol Survey. A multilevel analytic approach was used to examine the effects of demographic variables on tobacco use. AI disparities were present for past month and lifetime rates of smoked and smokeless tobacco use, and these disparities varied by region and gender. AI disparities in smoked tobacco use were largest in the Upper Great Lakes region, with odds of current and ever smoking among AIs 3.34 to 4.15 times that of Whites, respectively, p < .001. Regional differences in AI disparities were not significant for lifetime smokeless or poly-tobacco use, p ≥ .675. With regard to gender differences, AI disparities in reports of ever smoking were largest among females, OR = 2.61, p < .001. Similar to cigarette smoking, AI disparities in reports of ever using smoked, smokeless, or poly-tobacco were largest among females, OR = 2.51 and 2.56, respectively, p < .001. Our results suggest a need for prevention and intervention programs to be implemented with consideration for adolescents' demographic characteristics, including geographic region, gender, and AI status.
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Lisha NE, Thrul J, Ling PM. Latent Class Analysis to Examine Patterns of Smoking and Other Tobacco Products in Young Adult Bar Patrons. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:93-98. [PMID: 30254010 PMCID: PMC6309635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Use of multiple tobacco products is increasing, particularly among young adults. Latent class analysis of substance-use patterns provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of use. We sought to identify different patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, hookah, cigarillo, and smokeless tobacco use among young adult bar patrons. METHODS We conducted repeated cross-sectional surveys of randomized time location samples of young adult California bar patrons in 2013 and 2014. Latent class analysis was used to examine patterns of use among current (past 30-day) tobacco users. Classes were compared on demographic characteristics and tobacco use correlates. RESULTS Overall 84.4% of the current tobacco users were cigarette smokers, 38.7% used electronic cigarettes, 35.9% used hookah, 30.1% smoked cigars/cigarillos, and 15.4% used smokeless tobacco in the past 30 days. We extracted six latent classes: "Cigarette only" (n = 1690), "Hookah mostly" (n = 479), "High overall use" (n = 528), "Smokeless mostly" (n = 95), "E-cigarette mostly" (n = 439), "Cigars mostly" (n = 435). These classes differed in their risk profiles on both current use compared to no use, and number of days they used each tobacco product. Differences between classes emerged on demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity) and tobacco correlates including perceived peer smoking, antitobacco industry attitudes, prioritizing social activities, and advertising receptivity. CONCLUSIONS Understanding different patterns of multiple tobacco product use may inform both prevention and cessation programming for young adults. It may be efficient to tailor messages to different latent classes and address the distinct demographic and attitudinal profiles of groups of multiple tobacco product users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadra E Lisha
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education and Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Parker MA, Villanti AC, Quisenberry AJ, Stanton CA, Doogan NJ, Redner R, Gaalema DE, Kurti AN, Nighbor T, Roberts ME, Cepeda-Benito A, Higgins ST. Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-1505. [PMID: 30397167 PMCID: PMC6317771 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products. METHODS Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; n = 10 081). At wave 2 (W2) (2014-2015), product-specific new use was calculated. Adjusted relative risks were used to estimate if harm perceptions at W1 predicted W2 new tobacco use. RESULTS The proportion of youth who endorsed "a lot of harm" was highest for cigarettes (84.8%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (26.6%); the proportion of youth who thought products were "more harmful" than cigarettes was highest for cigars (30.6%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (5.1%). Among youth who had not used those products at W1, product-specific new use at W2 ranged from 9.1% (e-cigarettes) to 0.6% (pipes). Youth who believed that noncombustible tobacco products posed "no or little harm" at W1 were more likely to have tried those products at W2 (P < .05). Youth who viewed e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco as "less harmful" than cigarettes at W1 were more likely to try those tobacco products at W2 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low harm perceptions of noncigarette tobacco products predict new use of these products by youth within the next year. Targeting product-specific harm perceptions may prevent new tobacco use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Parker
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amanda J. Quisenberry
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cassandra A. Stanton
- Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training
and Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science, Westat, Rockville, Maryland;,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical
Center, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Nathan J. Doogan
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan Redner
- Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Diann E. Gaalema
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison N. Kurti
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tyler Nighbor
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Megan E. Roberts
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Stephen T. Higgins
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Bello MS, Khoddam R, Stone MD, Cho J, Yoon Y, Lee JO, Leventhal AM. Poly-product drug use disparities in adolescents of lower socioeconomic status: Emerging trends in nicotine products, marijuana products, and prescription drugs. Behav Res Ther 2018; 115:103-110. [PMID: 30558744 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Greater diversification of nicotine products, marijuana products, and prescription drugs have contributed to increasing trends in adolescent poly-product use-concurrent use of 2 or more drugs-within these drug classes (e.g., nicotine use via e-cigarettes, hookah, cigars). Extant work suggests that poly-product drug use disparities may be disproportionately heightened among youth from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, however, it is unknown whether indicators of objective SES or subjective SES differentially increase risk of poly-product use including these newly emerging drugs. This study examined associations of parental education and subjective social status (SSS: perceptions of social standing compared to society [societal SSS] or school [school SSS]) with poly-product use of nicotine products, marijuana products, and prescription drugs among adolescents (N = 2218). Lower parental education and school SSS were associated with increased odds of past or current single, dual, or multiple product use of nicotine, marijuana, and prescription drugs. Findings suggest that risk for poly-product use of emerging drugs are higher for adolescents who endorse lower perceived social standing relative to peers at school and who were from a lower parental SES background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S Bello
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Rubin Khoddam
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Matthew D Stone
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Junhan Cho
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, 2001 North Soto Street, 3rd Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90032-9045, USA.
| | - Yoewon Yoon
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Jeon J, Holford TR, Levy DT, Feuer EJ, Cao P, Tam J, Clarke L, Clarke J, Kong CY, Meza R. Smoking and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States From 2015 to 2065: A Comparative Modeling Approach. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:684-693. [PMID: 30304504 PMCID: PMC6242740 DOI: 10.7326/m18-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco control efforts implemented in the United States since the 1960s have led to considerable reductions in smoking and smoking-related diseases, including lung cancer. OBJECTIVE To project reductions in tobacco use and lung cancer mortality from 2015 to 2065 due to existing tobacco control efforts. DESIGN Comparative modeling approach using 4 simulation models of the natural history of lung cancer that explicitly relate temporal smoking patterns to lung cancer rates. SETTING U.S. population, 1964 to 2065. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 30 to 84 years. MEASUREMENTS Models were developed using U.S. data on smoking (1964 to 2015) and lung cancer mortality (1969 to 2010). Each model projected lung cancer mortality by smoking status under the assumption that current decreases in smoking would continue into the future (status quo trends). Sensitivity analyses examined optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. RESULTS Under the assumption of continued decreases in smoking, age-adjusted lung cancer mortality was projected to decrease by 79% between 2015 and 2065. Concomitantly, and despite the expected growth, aging, and longer life expectancy of the U.S. population, the annual number of lung cancer deaths was projected to decrease from 135 000 to 50 000 (63% reduction). However, 4.4 million deaths from lung cancer are still projected to occur in the United States from 2015 to 2065, with about 20 million adults aged 30 to 84 years continuing to smoke in 2065. LIMITATION Projections assumed no changes to tobacco control efforts in the future and did not explicitly consider the potential effect of lung cancer screening. CONCLUSION Tobacco control efforts implemented since the 1960s will continue to reduce lung cancer rates well into the next half-century. Additional prevention and cessation efforts will be required to sustain and expand these gains to further reduce the lung cancer burden in the United States. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyoun Jeon
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.J., P.C., J.T., R.M.)
| | | | - David T Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (D.T.L.)
| | - Eric J Feuer
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (E.J.F.)
| | - Pianpian Cao
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.J., P.C., J.T., R.M.)
| | - Jamie Tam
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.J., P.C., J.T., R.M.)
| | - Lauren Clarke
- Cornerstone Systems Northwest, Lynden, Washington (L.C., J.C.)
| | - John Clarke
- Cornerstone Systems Northwest, Lynden, Washington (L.C., J.C.)
| | - Chung Yin Kong
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.Y.K.)
| | - Rafael Meza
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (J.J., P.C., J.T., R.M.)
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McKelvey K, Popova L, Kim M, Chaffee BW, Vijayaraghavan M, Ling P, Halpern-Felsher B. Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults. Tob Control 2018; 27:s41-s47. [PMID: 30352843 PMCID: PMC6252490 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured 'HeatSticks' in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). METHODS We systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI's IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act's standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS. RESULTS PMI's own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims. CONCLUSION PMI's own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma McKelvey
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Minji Kim
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin W Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maya Vijayaraghavan
- General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela Ling
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Kowitt SD, Lazard AJ, Queen TL, Noar SM, Goldstein AO. Adolescents' Aided Recall of Targeted and Non-Targeted Tobacco Communication Campaigns in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2363. [PMID: 30366436 PMCID: PMC6266583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether advertisements from two national tobacco control campaigns targeting adolescents (i.e., The Real Cost, Fresh Empire) and one campaign targeting adults (i.e., Tips from Former Smokers) were reaching adolescents. Data came from a national sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (n = 975) surveyed by phone from August 2016 to May 2017. We assessed recall and attitudes toward five specific advertisements and three campaign slogans and examined differences by sub-groups. Almost all (95%) adolescents recalled seeing at least one campaign advertisement. Aided recall of The Real Cost and Tips from Former Smokers slogans was high (65.5% and 71.6%, respectively), while aided recall of Fresh Empire slogan was lower (15.3%) (χ² p-value: p < 0.001); however, Black adolescents had higher odds of recalling the Fresh Empire ad (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.73) and slogan (aOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.54) compared to White adolescents. Increased exposure to the advertisements (i.e., recalling more advertisements) was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting negative feelings toward tobacco products in 4/5 models (aORs from 1.34 to 1.61). Large-scale national campaigns can have wide reach among both targeted and non-targeted audiences with added benefits for cumulative cross-campaign exposure to advertisements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Kowitt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Allison J Lazard
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Tara L Queen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Seth M Noar
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Adam O Goldstein
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Doran N, Tully L. Impulsivity and tobacco product use over time. Addict Behav 2018; 85:153-157. [PMID: 29907346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity has been consistently associated with greater likelihood and intensity of cigarette smoking, but most studies have been cross-sectional. Additionally, while some initial studies are suggestive, less is known about links between impulsivity and use of e-cigarettes or hookah tobacco. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the urgency and sensation seeking aspects of impulsivity would be prospectively associated with patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and hookah tobacco use over time. Young adults (n = 335; 56% male) aged 18-24 who were non- and never-daily cigarette smokers at baseline completed 9 online assessments of tobacco product use over two years. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate relationships between impulsivity components and product use. Frequency of use of all three products declined over time. Higher levels of positive urgency (cigarette), negative urgency (hookah), and lack of premeditation (e-cigarette, hookah) were associated with smaller reductions in frequency of specific products. Additionally, higher negative urgency predicted greater quantity of cigarettes consumed, and higher sensation seeking was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use. Findings suggest impulsivity components differentially predict tobacco use over time, indicating that motives and/or risk factors for tobacco use may be product-specific.
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Chaffee BW, Cheng J. Tobacco product initiation is correlated with cross-product changes in tobacco harm perception and susceptibility: Longitudinal analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health youth cohort. Prev Med 2018; 114:72-78. [PMID: 29913179 PMCID: PMC6082707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth initiation with one tobacco product is associated with risk of using additional tobacco types. How use of one product potentially encourages use of others could result from changing tobacco-related perceptions. This study aimed to evaluate how tobacco product initiation correlates with changes in susceptibility (curiosity and willingness) and perceived harm of other tobacco products. For each of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco, youth (ages 12-16; N = 8005) rated perceived harm, curiosity, and willingness to try in Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (United States, 2013-2015). For each product, we estimated associations between decreased harm rating, increased curiosity, or increased willingness with initiation (from never- to ever-use) of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, smokeless tobacco, or other combustible products using multivariate (multiple outcomes) regression, adjusting for other tobacco risk factors. Tobacco product initiation was associated with decreased perceived harm for that product and with decreased perceived harm, increased curiosity, and increased willingness in some, but not all, cross-product combinations. Most cross-product combinations of initiation and susceptibility yielded positive associations. For example, trying e-cigarettes was associated with concomitant increases in curiosity about cigarettes (OR: 5.69; 95% CI: 3.68, 8.79) and hookah (OR: 4.19; 95% CI: 2.55, 6.88) and with increased willingness to try cigarettes (OR: 9.61; 95% CI: 5.67, 16.3), hookah (OR: 8.46; 95% CI: 4.76, 15.0), and smokeless tobacco (OR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.75, 6.94). New use of one tobacco product may catalyze subsequent use of others through cross-product changes in perceptions and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Chaffee
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Antognoli E, Koopman Gonzalez S, Trapl E, Cavallo D, Lavanty B, Lim R, Flocke S. Cigarettes, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos: Initiation, Motivation, and Decision-Making. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:S5-S11. [PMID: 30125020 PMCID: PMC6093420 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cigarettes and little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) are the most prevalent dual-use tobacco combination; one-third of cigarette smokers use LCCs. Risk factors for multiple tobacco product use have been reported; however, there is little understanding of why some individuals transition to and maintain multiple product use. In this study, we examine narratives of tobacco product initiation and decision-making among LCC-only and LCC-cigarette smokers. Methods We audio-recorded in-depth interviews with 60 individuals, aged 14-28, who reported smoking more than or equal to 1 cigarillo per week; half also smoked cigarettes. Transcribed interviews were coded using a phenomenological approach to examine themes about smoking initiation, motivation, and product decision-making. Results Among dual users, 60% began smoking LCCs before or at the same time as cigarettes, and 40% began smoking cigarettes first. Reasons for smoking cigarettes in addition to LCCs included easier access when experiencing craving and less time to smoke the product. Cigarette smokers reported first smoking LCCs in social contexts when sharing LCCs with other smokers, or when they could afford a single LCC but not a pack of cigarettes. LCC-only smokers reported not smoking cigarettes because of their expense, unpleasant taste and/or smell, and fear of becoming addicted. Conclusions In this sample of current LCC users, half also used cigarettes. Product initiation order was almost evenly split, but reasons for initiating the second product differed, with immediacy of reducing cravings as a key reason for LCC users to smoke a cigarette and social and financial reasons for cigarette users to smoke an LCC. Implications Understanding how and why dual use is initiated and sustained can inform policies to help prevent increased nicotine dependence and initiation of additional tobacco products. This study demonstrates that the beliefs, perceptions, and practices of LCC-only and dual users inform their product selection. Our findings point to the need to apply the strategies that have been effective at decreasing cigarette consumption to LCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Antognoli
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarah Koopman Gonzalez
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Erika Trapl
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Cavallo
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brittany Lavanty
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rock Lim
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Susan Flocke
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Osman A, Kowitt SD, Ranney LM, Heck C, Goldstein AO. Trends and Racial Disparities in Mono, Dual, and Poly Use of Tobacco Products Among Youth. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:S22-S30. [PMID: 30125016 PMCID: PMC6093353 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We examined racial disparities in mono, dual, and poly use of tobacco products including whether racial disparities changed over time. Methods We analyzed data on high school students from the North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey collected in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Dual and poly use included use of two and three or more tobacco products, respectively, in the past month. Multinomial regression models assessed racial differences and changes over time in mono, dual, and poly use. Data include product combinations most commonly used by youth from different racial groups. Results In total, 24% (in 2011) and 26% (in 2013 and 2015) of students used tobacco products. No significant changes over time were observed in mono (12%) or dual use (6%). Poly use was 6%, 8%, and 7% in 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively. Relative to nonuse of tobacco, White students had a higher relative risk than Blacks for mono use. Whites and Hispanics had a higher relative risk than Blacks for dual and poly use. Observed racial differences in tobacco use did not change over time. Types of tobacco products used varied by year and race. In 2015, e-cigarette was the most commonly used product among mono users from all racial groups. Conclusions Substantial racial variation persists over time in mono and multiple tobacco product use among North Carolina youth, including racial variation in the types of tobacco products used. Research and policy efforts should examine and eliminate factors that drive multiple tobacco use and racial disparities in use among youth. Implications This study reports on racial disparities in mono and multiple tobacco product use among youth. White and Hispanic youth have higher relative risk for dual and poly use of tobacco products than Black youth. In addition, significant racial variation exists in the types of tobacco products used among youth mono, dual, and poly users, with cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes being the most commonly used products. Patterns of multiple tobacco product use vary by race and may warrant tailored prevention efforts. Strengthening tobacco control regulations for other tobacco products than cigarettes is critical to reduce multiple tobacco product use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Osman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah D Kowitt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leah M Ranney
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Courtney Heck
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health, Tobacco Prevention and Control Branch Raleigh, NC
| | - Adam O Goldstein
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Wong EC, Haardörfer R, Windle M, Berg CJ. Distinct Motives for Use Among Polytobacco Versus Cigarette Only Users and Among Single Tobacco Product Users. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:117-123. [PMID: 27798088 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Alternative tobacco product (ATP) use as well as co-use of various tobacco products has increased in recent years, particularly among young adults. However, little is known about the differential role of motives for ATP or polytobacco use. Methods We examined (1) motives for tobacco use in relation to polytobacco versus cigarette only use and (2) motives for tobacco use in relation to levels of tobacco use across products. We analyzed data from past 30-day tobacco users at Wave 2 (Spring 2015) of a six-wave longitudinal study of 3418 students aged 18-25 years from seven U.S. colleges/universities. Variables included sociodemographics, tobacco use (cigarettes, little cigars/cigarillos [LCCs], smokeless tobacco [SLT], hookah, and e-cigarettes), and tobacco use motives (social, self-enhancement, boredom relief, and affect regulation). Results Multivariate analyses found that boredom relief motives were associated with polytobacco use versus cigarette only use (p = .007). Higher consumption levels demonstrated the following associations: cigarettes-positively with boredom relief (p = .025) and affect regulation motives (p < .001); LCCs-positively with affect regulation motives (p = .035); SLT-negatively with social (p = .003) and positively with self-enhancement (p = .017) and boredom relief motives (p = .007); and hookah-positively with social (p = .002) and boredom relief motives (p = .033) and negatively with self-enhancement (p = .004) and affect regulation motives (p = .001). Conclusions Distinct motives for use were associated with polytobacco use among smokers. Moreover, higher levels of use among single product users also demonstrated distinct associations across use motives. These data should inform targeted cessation interventions addressing motives for use in ATP and polytobacco users. Implications Interventionists, public health practitioners, and health care providers must address the increasing issue of ATP and polytobacco use and tailor interventions to reduce ATP and polytobacco use in light of the distinct motives for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene C Wong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
Introduction Flavoring has become the leading reason for current tobacco use among adolescents. This study sought to evaluate patterns of flavored tobacco product use and associated risk factors among youths. Methods Weighted estimates of single, dual, and poly use of flavored tobacco products were calculated from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 21,926). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with flavored product use. Results Among current tobacco users (n = 3,805), 70.0% of students were current users of flavored tobacco products: 42.6% used a single flavored product, 16.8% used 2 flavored products (dual users), and 10.6% used more than 2 flavored products (poly users). Flavored product use, especially dual and poly use, was higher among high school students compared with middle school students. Compared with single flavored tobacco product users (36%), dual (57%) and poly users (79%) of flavored tobacco products had higher prevalences of using flavored e-cigarettes (P < .001). Non-Hispanic blacks and those of other races had lower prevalences than non-Hispanic whites of using flavored products but not nonflavored products. Tobacco use by household members, no perception of harm from tobacco products, and more frequent exposure to tobacco advertisement in newspapers/magazines and stores were associated with increased odds of flavored product use. Conclusion The concurrent use of flavored tobacco products is prevalent among youths. E-cigarettes were the leading flavored product and often concurrently used with other flavored tobacco products. Comprehensive control and prevention strategies to reduce flavored tobacco use among youths are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108.
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50
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Snow E, Johnson T, Ossip DJ, Williams GC, Ververs D, Rahman I, McIntosh S. Does E-cigarette Use at Baseline Influence Smoking Cessation Rates among 2-Year College Students? J Smok Cessat 2018; 13:110-120. [PMID: 30034554 PMCID: PMC6051717 DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluates the impact of baseline e-cigarette use on smoking cessation rates in a national sample of two-year college student smokers. METHODS Participants were 1400 students from over 60 two-year colleges across 25 states who were current smokers enrolled in a web-assisted tobacco intervention (WATI) trial. Survey data were collected at baseline, 1-, 6-, and 12-months, with primary outcomes evaluated at 6-months. RESULTS At 6-months, baseline e-cigarette users were more likely to report cessation of traditional cigarettes compared to non-users (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.002-1.92). Cessation was also associated with higher baseline confidence in quitting and greater time to first cigarette in the morning. Baseline e-cigarette use was not found to be associated with self-reported cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.75-1.58) nor biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.47-1.47). Higher confidence was again associated with both self-reported and biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products. Female gender was associated only with biochemically verified cessation of all nicotine/tobacco products at 6-months. CONCLUSIONS Two-year college students represent a priority population for cessation interventions. The findings from this study highlight the complexities of evaluating the impact of e-cigarette use on cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Snow
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Tye Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Duncan Ververs
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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