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Bello MS, Schulte AR, Ring CR, Cho J, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, Jao NC, Colby SM, Cassidy RN, Leventhal AM. Effects of mint, menthol, and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes on tobacco withdrawal symptoms in adults who smoke menthol cigarettes: A laboratory pilot study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111110. [PMID: 38359606 PMCID: PMC10906679 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menthol cigarette smoking has remained stable or increased in certain groups, despite an overall decline in cigarette smoking rates in the U.S. Understanding whether e-cigarettes alter patterns of menthol cigarette use is critical to informing efforts for reducing the public health burden of menthol cigarette smoking. This 2019-2020 laboratory pilot study evaluated whether self-administration of mint-, menthol-, or tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes would differentially impact tobacco withdrawal symptoms in e-cigarette-naïve adults who smoke menthol cigarettes daily. METHODS Participants (N=17; 35.3% Female; mean age=51.8) attended three laboratory sessions after 16-hours of tobacco abstinence. Participants self-administered a study-provided JUUL e-cigarette (0.7mL with 5% nicotine by weight) at each session in which flavor was manipulated (mint vs. menthol vs. tobacco; order randomized). Participants completed pre- and post-e-cigarette administration self-report assessments on smoking urges, nicotine withdrawal, and positive and negative affect states. Multilevel linear regression models tested differences between the three flavor conditions for individual study outcomes. RESULTS Following overnight tobacco abstinence, vaping either a mint or menthol (vs. tobacco) flavored e-cigarette led to significantly greater reductions in smoking urges over time; menthol (vs. tobacco) flavored e-cigarettes also suppressed urges to smoke for pleasure. Notably, no differences in nicotine withdrawal, positive affect, or negative affect were observed. CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory pilot study, mint and menthol (vs. tobacco) flavored e-cigarettes provided some negative reinforcement effects via acute reductions in smoking urges during tobacco abstinence, yet only menthol flavored e-cigarettes demonstrated suppressive effects on smoking urges for pleasure in adults who smoke menthol cigarettes daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S Bello
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Alison R Schulte
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin R Ring
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel N Cassidy
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Guillot CR, Pang RD, Vilches JR, Arnold ML, Cajas JO, Alemán AM, Leventhal AM. Longitudinal associations between anxiety sensitivity and substance use in adolescents: Mediation by depressive affect. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 32:90-103. [PMID: 37358544 PMCID: PMC10749990 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Though anxiety sensitivity (AS)-fear of anxiety-related experiences-is primarily tied to anxiety vulnerability, AS has also been prospectively associated with general negative affect and depression. Furthermore, depression has been longitudinally associated with different forms of substance use, and some AS subfactors (e.g., cognitive concerns) have been associated more consistently with depression and substance use than others. However, no previous study has investigated if longitudinal associations of AS with substance use may be mediated by depression or whether aspects of AS may be prospectively associated with substance use among adolescents. Hence, the present study tested depressive affect (the negative affective aspect of depression) as a prospective mediator of AS associations with substance use and examined longitudinal AS subfactor associations with substance use and problems. High school 9th graders (N = 2,877; Mage = 14.1 years; 55.3% female) completed self-report measures at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year later. Depressive affect mediated AS associations with subsequent alcohol, cigarette, electronic cigarette, cannabis, benzodiazepine, and opioid use. Also, AS cognitive and social concerns (vs. physical concerns) were more consistently associated with later depressive affect and substance use and problems. Current findings suggest that adolescents high in anxiety sensitivity tend to prospectively experience greater depressive affect, which in turn is related to a higher likelihood of engaging in several different forms of substance use. Thus, it is possible that interventions which target AS (particularly AS cognitive concerns) may help to treat or prevent depression and substance use among adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
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Choi BM, Weinberger AH, Petersen N, Pang RD, DeVito EE, Bell ML, Allen AM. Association of e-Cigarette Use and Postpartum Depression: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016-2019. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:45-51. [PMID: 37944112 PMCID: PMC10794836 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent public health concern. Combustible cigarette use is associated with increased risk of PPD. While electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use during pregnancy is linked to increased risk of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, the relationship between e-cigarette use and PPD is not well understood. We sought to examine the association of e-cigarette use with PPD. Materials and Methods: Using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016-2019 data, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses for PPD were conducted via three analyses where e-cigarette use (any vs. none) was retrospectively self-reported (1) in past 2-year, (2) prepregnancy (i.e., 3 months before pregnancy), and (3) during pregnancy (i.e., last 3 months of pregnancy). We conducted an additional past 2-year e-cigarette use analysis excluding those who used combustible cigarette and/or hookah. Covariates included age, race, ethnicity, combustible cigarette, and/or hookah use, prenatal care during the last trimester, health insurance coverage during pregnancy, physical abuse during pregnancy, income, and survey type. Results: Only unadjusted odds ratios from past 2-year e-cigarette use (1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-1.87) and past 2-year e-cigarette use excluding individuals with cigarette and/or hookah use (1.78, 95% CI: 1.30-2.38) were statistically associated with PPD. No adjusted analyses were statistically significant. Conclusion: Any e-cigarette use, as compared to no use, does not appear to be an independent risk factor of PPD, though it may be a useful clinical marker of increased risk of PPD. Future studies are warranted to advance our knowledge of impact of e-cigarette use on PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana M. Choi
- Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elise E. DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie L. Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alicia M. Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Bello MS, Zhang Y, Cho J, Kirkpatrick MG, Pang RD, Oliver JA, Webb Hooper M, Barrington-Trimis JL, Ahluwalia JS, Leventhal AM. Nicotine deprivation amplifies attentional bias toward racial discrimination stimuli in African American adults who smoke cigarettes. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:1023-1031. [PMID: 37535524 PMCID: PMC10837307 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
High smoking prevalence and low quit smoking rates among African American adults are well-documented, but poorly understood. We tested a transdisciplinary theoretical model of psychopharmacological-social mechanisms underlying smoking among African American adults. This model proposes that nicotine's acute attention-filtering effects may enhance smoking's addictiveness in populations unduly exposed to discrimination, like African American adults, because nicotine reduces the extent to which discrimination-related stimuli capture attention, and in turn, generate distress. During nicotine deprivation, attentional biases toward discrimination may be unmasked and exacerbated, which may induce distress and perpetuate smoking. To test this model, this within-subject laboratory experiment determined whether attentional bias toward racial discrimination stimuli was amplified by nicotine deprivation in African American adults who smoked daily. Participants (N = 344) completed a computerized modified Stroop task assessing attentional interference from racial discrimination-related words during two counterbalanced sessions (nicotine sated vs. overnight nicotine deprived). The task required participants to quickly name the color of discrimination and matched neutral words. Word Type (Discrimination vs. Neutral) × Pharmacological State (Nicotine Deprived vs. Sated) effects on color naming reaction times were examined. Attentional bias toward racial discrimination-related stimuli was amplified in nicotine deprived (reaction time to discrimination minus neutral stimuli: M [95%CI] = 34.69 [29.62, 39.76] ms; d = 0.15) compared to sated (M [95%CI] = 24.88 [19.84, 29.91] ms; d = 0.11) conditions (Word Type × Pharmacological State, p < .0001). The impact of nicotine deprivation on attentional processes in the context of adverse societal conditions merit consideration in future science and intervention addressing smoking in African American adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S Bello
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Jason A Oliver
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Pang RD, Tucker CJ, Guillot CR, Belcher B, Kirkpatrick MG. Associations of DHEA(S) with negative and positive affect in people who smoke daily with elevated and low depression symptoms: A pilot laboratory study. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107801. [PMID: 37423068 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with depression symptoms have a harder time quitting smoking. High negative affect and low positive affect are core depression symptoms and arise following cigarette abstinence. Investigating associations of biological markers with negative and positive affect may provide valuable information about factors relevant to smoking cessation in individuals with elevated depression symptoms. METHODS Depression symptoms were measured at a baseline session. Participants then completed two counterbalanced experimental sessions (non-abstinent, abstinent) and completed measures of positive and negative affect, and provided saliva samples. Saliva samples were assayed at the Salimetrics' SalivaLab (Carlsbad, CA) using the Salimetrics Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Assay Kit (Cat. No. 1-1202) and Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) Assay Kit (Cat. No. 1-1252). RESULTS There were no main or interactive associations of DHEA with negative affect. However, there were significant DHEAS × experimental session and DHEAS × experimental session × depression symptom level interactions with negative affect. In the high depression symptom group, DHEAS positively associated with negative affect during the non-abstinent experimental session, but DHEAS negatively associated with negative affect during the abstinent experimental session. There were no associations of DHEA or DHEAS with positive affect. CONCLUSION This study found that DHEAS negatively associated with negative affect during cigarette abstinence in individuals with elevated depression symptoms. This is important as high negative affect during cigarette abstinence may result in a return to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 50, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
| | - Casey R Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Terrill Hall, Denton, TX 7620, United States.
| | - Britni Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Suite 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, SGM 50, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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6
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Tsui J, Sloan K, Sheth R, Ewusi Boisvert E, Nieva J, Kim AW, Pang RD, Sussman S, Kirkpatrick M. Implementation planning for equitable tobacco treatment services: a mixed methods assessment of contextual facilitators and barriers in a large comprehensive cancer center. Transl Behav Med 2023; 13:539-550. [PMID: 36940412 PMCID: PMC10848232 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use among cancer patients is associated with an increased mortality and poorer outcomes, yet two-thirds of patients continue using following diagnosis, with disproportionately higher use among racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status patients. Tobacco treatment services that are effectively tailored and adapted to population characteristics and multilevel context specific to settings serving diverse patients are needed to improve tobacco cessation among cancer patients. We examined tobacco use screening and implementation needs for tobacco treatment services to inform equitable and accessible delivery within a large comprehensive cancer center in the greater Los Angeles region. We conducted a multi-modal, mixed methods assessment using electronic medical records (EMR), and clinic stakeholder surveys and interviews (guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research). Approximately 45% of patients (n = 11,827 of 26,030 total) had missing tobacco use history in their EMR. Several demographic characteristics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, insurance) were associated with greater missing data prevalence. In surveys (n = 32), clinic stakeholders endorsed tobacco screening and cessation services, but indicated necessary improvements for screening/referral procedures. During interviews (n = 13), providers/staff reported tobacco screening was important, but level of priority differed as well as how often and who should screen. Several barriers were noted, including patients' language/cultural barriers, limited time during visits, lack of smoking cessation training, and insurance coverage. While stakeholders indicated high interest in tobacco use assessment and cessation services, EMR and interview data revealed opportunities to improve tobacco use screening across patient groups. Implementing sustainable system-level tobacco cessation programs at institutions requires leadership support, staff training, on routine screening, and intervention and referral strategies that meet patients' linguistic/cultural needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsui
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kylie Sloan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajiv Sheth
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorge Nieva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W Kim
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bello MS, Pang RD, Colby SM, Cassidy RN, Zvolensky M, Langdon KJ. Interactive effects of financial strain and distress tolerance on prequit tobacco withdrawal symptoms in smokers preparing to initiate a quit attempt. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:805-816. [PMID: 36649154 PMCID: PMC10349897 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Smokers experiencing greater financial strain are less likely to successfully quit smoking, possibly due to greater severity of tobacco withdrawal. However, limited research has explored whether individual-level psychological factors (i.e., distress tolerance) may buffer the deleterious effects of financial strain on withdrawal. This study examined the main and interactive effects of financial strain and distress tolerance on tobacco withdrawal experienced prior to quitting smoking among smokers preparing to initiate a quit attempt. Fifty-nine adult smokers completed a baseline session including a financial strain measure and subjective and behavioral assessments of distress tolerance. Participants were then instructed to initiate a quit attempt, without any behavioral or pharmacological assistance, 14 days following baseline. Prequit tobacco withdrawal symptoms were assessed once per day for 3 days prior to quit date. Linear regression models tested main and interactive effects between financial strain and distress tolerance on experiences and perceptions of prequit withdrawal. Findings demonstrated significant interactions between financial strain, distress tolerance, and perceptions of tolerating withdrawal. Negative associations found between higher distress tolerance and lower perceptions of tobacco withdrawal and negative mood as being "intolerable" prior to quitting were stronger for those experiencing greater levels of financial strain. Financial strain may negatively impact one's perceived ability to tolerate mood- and tobacco-related withdrawal prior to quitting. Yet, higher distress tolerance may buffer the effects of financial strain on smoking cessation processes. Psychosocial interventions designed to promote tolerance of distress from both internal and external stressors may benefit cessation efforts among smokers experiencing high financial strain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Colby
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel N. Cassidy
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten J. Langdon
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown-Lifespan Center for Digital Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Pang RD, Morales JC, Smith KE, Murray SB, Dunton GF, Mason TB. Daily ovarian hormone exposure and loss of control eating in adolescent girls: A registered report. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1246-1253. [PMID: 37271969 PMCID: PMC10425159 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The daily biobehavioral factors that precipitate loss of control eating (LOCE) in adolescent girls are not well known. Ovarian hormone levels are key biological factors associated with the etiology of eating disorders in adolescent girls. Yet, models on how daily ovarian hormone exposure predicts LOCE in adolescent girls are underdeveloped. The goal of this study is to examine the daily patterns and mechanisms of ovarian hormone levels on LOCE across the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls and the mediating roles of food-related reward anticipation and response inhibition. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) paired with daily hormonal sampling will be used to examine (1) daily associations between within-person hormones and LOCE, and (2) the mediating role of within-person food-related reward anticipation and response inhibition. METHODS Normally cycling adolescent girls who have reached menarche will provide daily saliva samples for hormone analysis and complete EMA for 35 days. During EMA, girls will report LOCE and will complete task-based and self-report measures of food-related response inhibition and reward anticipation. DISCUSSION This work has implications for the development of new real-world biobehavioral models of LOCE in adolescent girls, which will guide theory improvements and treatment for LOCE. Results will provide preliminary evidence for treatment targets for novel interventions for adolescent girls-for example, a response inhibition intervention. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Adolescent eating disorders are severe mental health conditions, often marked by loss of control eating. Estrogen and progesterone play a role in the development and persistence of loss of control eating. The current study will examine how daily exposure to estrogen and progesterone predicts loss of control eating in adolescent girls and identify possible daily mechanisms linking estrogen and progesterone exposure and loss of control eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy C Morales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Allem JP, Donaldson SI, Vogel EA, Pang RD, Unger JB. An Analysis of Twitter Posts About the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Menthol Ban. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:962-966. [PMID: 36534973 PMCID: PMC10077934 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned characterizing flavors in cigarettes in 2009, this initial ban exempted menthol. After examining numerous reports on the adverse health effects of menthol cigarettes, the FDA proposed a menthol ban in April 2022. This study analyzed Twitter data to describe public reaction to this announcement. AIMS AND METHODS Posts containing the word "menthol" and/or "#menthol" were collected from April 21, 2022 to May 5, 2022 from Twitter's Streaming Application Programming Interface (API). A random sampling procedure supplied 1041 tweets for analysis. Following an inductive approach to content analysis, posts were classified into one or more of 11 themes. RESULTS Posts discussed the FDA announcement (n = 153, 14.7%), racial discrimination (n = 101, 9.7%), distrust in government (n = 67, 6.4%), inconsistencies between policies (n = 52, 5.0%), public health benefits (n = 42, 4%), freedom of choice (n = 22, 2.1%), and health equity (n = 21, 2.0%). Posts contained misinformation (n = 20, 1.9%), and discussed the potential for illicit markets (n = 18, 1.7%) and the need for cessation support (n = 4, 0.4%). 541 (52.0%) tweets did not fit into any of the prescribed themes. CONCLUSIONS Twitter posts with the word "menthol" commonly discussed distrust in government and mentioned racial discrimination. Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opinion on a menthol ban. These data may be valuable for designing tobacco control health communication campaigns in the future. IMPLICATIONS The U.S. FDA proposed a ban on menthol cigarettes in April 2022. This study's content analyzed Twitter posts over a 2-week period to understand the public's response to the proposed menthol ban. Twitter posts with the word "menthol" often discussed distrust in government and mentioned racial discrimination. Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opinion of regulatory action. Findings underscore the need to educate the public about the potential health benefits of banning menthol from cigarettes, particularly for populations that experience tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Patrick Allem
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott I Donaldson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin A Vogel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pang RD, Wang SD, Tucker CJ, Zadoorian L, Weinberger AH, D'Orazio L, Kirkpatrick MG. Emotion regulation expectancies and smoking cessation factors: A daily diary study of California adults who smoke cigarettes during a practice quit attempt. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 245:109810. [PMID: 36857842 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cross-sectional studies have shown that greater cigarette smoking-related emotion regulation expectancies were associated with retrospectively reported withdrawal during prior quit attempts and greater barriers to cessation. Few studies have investigated the relationship of within-person daily emotion regulation expectancies to factors related to initiating and maintaining a brief quit attempt. METHODS People living in California who smoked cigarettes daily (n = 220, 50 % female; 48.5 % white, 14.6 % Hispanic, 16.7 % Black or African American, 9.6 % Asian, 7.6 % Multi-race, 3.0 % other race; mean age=43.71 years old) completed a practice quit attempt and 28-days of daily diary surveys. In the morning, participants reported non-smoking and smoking emotion regulation expectancies based on the Affective Processing Questionnaire, daily abstinence plan, abstinence self-efficacy, and cigarettes smoked. Successful abstinence plans were calculated as days with an abstinence plan and no cigarettes smoked. Multilevel models investigated whether within-person emotion regulation expectancies were associated with abstinence plan, self-efficacy, and successful abstinence plan. RESULTS Greater within-person non-smoking emotion regulation expectancies were associated with increased odds of having an abstinence plan, higher self-efficacy, and a successful abstinence plan on a given day (ps < .05). Greater within-person smoking emotion regulation expectancies were associated with lower odds of having an abstinence plan and lower self-efficacy (ps < .001) but did not significantly associate with a successful abstinence plan. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that within-person levels of expectations in emotion regulation abilities may contribute to factors relevant to initiating and achieving daily abstinence during a practice attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Shirlene D Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lori Zadoorian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Ave. Rousso Building, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lina D'Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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11
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Bowdring MA, Loftus P, Wang SD, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG. Interactive associations between abstinence plans and romantic partner conflict and support with cigarette smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109756. [PMID: 36608484 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most individuals who smoke cigarettes desire to quit, quit motivation can change daily and sustained abstinence is rarely achieved in quit attempts. Assessment of psychosocial factors that moderate associations between daily abstinence intentions and smoking behavior is necessary to inform effective cessation efforts. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a 28-day ecological momentary assessment study among individuals who smoke and who were not actively planning a long-term quit attempt (N = 81 individuals; N = 1585 days). We examined main effect and interaction associations between primary predictors (daily abstinence plans and within- and between-person estimates of perceived romantic relationship conflict and support) and daily number of cigarettes smoked, as well as baseline emotion regulation difficulties as a moderator of these associations. RESULTS Smoking was reduced on days with an abstinence plan (β=-0.57,p<.001), especially among individuals with lower average levels of conflict (plan × between-person conflict interaction: β=0.98, p < .001), and higher average levels of support (plan × between-person support interaction: β=0.26, p < .001). Additionally, smoking was increased on days when participants had higher levels of conflict than usual (β=0.07, p < .01), but only on days when participants did not have a plan (plan × within-person conflict interaction:β=-0.10, p < .05). Emotion regulation difficulties did not moderate any associations. CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature on the influence of negative aspects of social experience on smoking behavior. Further, the present study underlines the importance of assessing the influence of both positive and negative aspects of - and within- and between-person differences in - social experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Bowdring
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Paddy Loftus
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Shirlene D Wang
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620S. McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620S. McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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12
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Anderson MK, Whitted L, Mason TB, Pang RD, Tackett AP, Leventhal AM. Characterizing different-flavored e-cigarette solutions from user-reported sensory attributes and appeal. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:46-56. [PMID: 35467923 PMCID: PMC9592684 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Scientists and regulators need parsimonious methods of characterizing flavored e-cigarettes which may vary widely in both chemical flavoring constituents and marketing descriptors. This laboratory experiment characterized user-reported appeal and experience of five cross-cutting sensory attributes (sweetness, bitterness, smoothness, harshness, coolness) of 10 common e-cigarette flavors. In a within-subject double-blind single-visit protocol, current nicotine/tobacco product users (N = 119) self-administered a single puff of each e-liquid flavor via a pod-style device and rated its appeal and sensory attributes on 0-100 scales. Custom-manufactured e-liquids, nicotine concentration: M (SD) = 23.4 (0.9) mg/mL, representative of commonly marketed fruit (green apple, strawberry), dessert (dark chocolate, vanilla), mint (peppermint, spearmint), nonmint cooling (menthol, koolada), and tobacco (subtle tobacco, full-flavored tobacco) flavor descriptors were used and their constituents were independently analyzed. Results largely demonstrated that a flavor's sensory attributes concorded with its marketed flavor descriptor. Among the 10 flavors, vanilla was rated sweetest (B[difference vs. mean of 9 other flavors] = 14.44, 95% CI [10.84, 18.03]), full-flavored tobacco was most bitter, B = 8.34, 95% CI [4.73, 11.96], subtle tobacco was most harsh, B = 5.69, 95% CI [1.70, 9.68], and peppermint scored highest in both smoothness, B = 6.98, 95% CI [3.13, 10.82], and coolness, B = 29.25, 95% CI [25.50, 33.01]. Flavors with higher appeal ratings tended to be sweeter, smoother, cooler, and less bitter and harsh. Chemical analysis found numerous flavoring constituents among study products without any clear differentiation of chemicals being present in particular flavor categories, which underscores the utility of using sensory ratings to characterize different-flavored e-cigarettes over and above constituent analyses. Characterizing e-cigarette flavors by subjective sensory attributes may be useful in future research and regulatory activities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K. Anderson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
| | - Lauren Whitted
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Alayna P. Tackett
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
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13
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Barone JC, Ross JM, Nagpal A, Guzman G, Berenz E, Pang RD, Eisenlohr-Moul TA. Alcohol use and motives for drinking across the menstrual cycle in a psychiatric outpatient sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:127-142. [PMID: 36661851 PMCID: PMC9975029 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females who misuse alcohol experience high rates of negative physical and mental health consequences. Existing findings are inconsistent but suggest a relationship between ovarian hormones and alcohol use. We aim to clarify how alcohol use and drinking motives vary across the menstrual cycle in female psychiatric outpatients using the luteinizing hormone (LH)-confirmed cycle phase. METHODS Daily self-reports (n = 3721) were collected from 94 naturally cycling females, recruited for past-month suicidal ideation, during the baseline phase of three parent clinical trials between February 2017 and May 2022. Multilevel logistic and linear models estimated the relationship between the cycle phase (with LH-surge confirmed ovulation) and daily alcohol use or drinking motives, moderated by the weekend. Models were adjusted for age, legal drinking status, substance use disorder, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and included random effects. RESULTS Participants were generally more likely to drink in the midluteal (vs. perimenstrual) phase, but more likely to drink heavily on weekends in periovulatory and perimenstrual (vs. midluteal) phases. Social motives for drinking were significantly higher on weekends in the periovulatory, mid-follicular, and midluteal phases (vs. weekdays), but this finding was non-significant in the perimenstrual phase. Participants rated drinking to cope higher in the perimenstrual phase (vs. midluteal phase), regardless of the weekend. CONCLUSION In a psychiatric sample with LH-surge-confirmed ovulation, we find an increased likelihood to drink heavily in periovulatory and perimenstrual phases on weekends. We also find that the perimenstrual phase is associated with increased drinking to cope, and relatively lower weekend social drinking. Finally, random effects across models suggest individual differences in the extent to which the cycle influences drinking. Our findings stress (1) predictable phases of increased high-risk alcohol use across the menstrual cycle, and (2) the importance of individual assessment of cyclical changes in alcohol use to predict and prevent ovulation- and menses-related surges in heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Barone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Anisha Nagpal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Gabriela Guzman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Erin Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & Psychology, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
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14
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Mason TB, Martinez C, Dunton GF, Belcher BR, Pang RD. Understanding daily life experiences of women who smoke: The role of smoking-related weight control expectancies. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107413. [PMID: 35728423 PMCID: PMC9755458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoking-related weight control expectancies are a motivational factor for maintaining cigarette use, particularly among women. Yet, less research has investigated the physiological and behavioral daily life weight-related experiences of women with smoking-related weight control expectancies. Increased research could contribute to understanding of maintenance factors for this group of smokers as well as unique intervention targets. Female smokers completed a baseline survey of smoking-related weight control expectancies and 35-days of ecological momentary assessment of physiological (i.e., smoking-related reduction in hunger, end-of-day perceived weight gain and bloating) and behavioral (i.e., daily exercise and sitting) weight-related experiences. Higher smoking-related weight control expectancies were associated with perceived smoking-related reductions in hunger and end-of-day perceived weight gain. Smoking-related weight control expectancies did not significantly associate with end-of-day bloating, daily exercise, or sitting. Given these findings, smoking-related weight control expectancies may maintain smoking in order to reduce hunger and to cope with perceived fluctuations in weight in daily life. It is critical for smoking cessation programs to assess smoking-related weight control expectancies and implement targeted treatments for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Cheldy Martinez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Loftus P, Wang SD, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG. Interactions between daily abstinence plans and approach/avoidance motivation on cigarette smoking in pre-quit smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:666-672. [PMID: 36102597 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing motivation to quit among smokers who are not ready for cessation is a key component of several interventions. However, there is a dearth of empirical data about motivational factors and smoking behavior among pre-quit smokers. Here, we examined interactions between approach/avoidance goal motivations and daily abstinence plan (i.e., plans to either continue or abstain from smoking) on daily cigarette use. Current smokers (n = 82; M = 11.4 cigs/day; 46% Female) completed a baseline assessment, including a measure of approach/avoidance motivation [Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BIS/BAS)], followed by 28-days of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). EMA included a morning assessment of abstinence plan, and evening assessment of cigarettes smoked. Multilevel linear models tested interactions between BIS/BAS and abstinence plan on cigarette smoking (defined as percent change from within-subject mean). There was a significant abstinence plan × BIS interaction, F(1, 637) = 6.567, p = .011, and abstinence plan × BAS interaction, F(1, 637) = 6.553, p = .011, on cigarette smoking. High BIS and low BAS were each associated with reduced smoking on abstinence days and increased smoking on non-abstinence days. Modest rates of smoking cessation may be due to the unassisted, spontaneous nature of most quit attempts. Among pre-quit smokers, high behavioral inhibition and low behavioral activation may underlie the ability to intentionally vary smoking levels according to individuals' daily abstinence plans. Future studies should examine how motivational factors during the pre-quit stage may predict long-term smoking cessation in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy Loftus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Shirlene D Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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16
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Pang RD, Chai SH, Tucker CJ, Weinberger AH, D'Orazio LM, Kirkpatrick MG. Effects of cigarette abstinence on negative and positive affect by depression symptom levels: A lab study. J Affect Disord 2022; 307:163-170. [PMID: 35341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High negative affect and low positive affect are key depression-related states that may be greater following acute tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to test associations between depression symptom levels and acute tobacco abstinence with negative affect and positive affect. METHODS Following a baseline session, participants attended two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (non-abstinent, abstinent) and completed measures of positive and negative affect at rest (i.e., when not completing a task) and during a film clip task. RESULTS Individuals with elevated depression symptoms had higher negative affect and lower positive affect at rest and during the film clip task compared to individuals with low depression symptoms. There was no interaction of depression symptom levels and abstinence on negative and positive affect at rest. There was an interaction of depression symptom level and abstinence on negative and positive affect during the film clip task. Individuals with elevated depression showed significant differences in positive and negative affect between the abstinent and non-abstinent session, but no significant abstinence effects were noted in individuals with low depression symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study included a non-treatment seeking sample and experimentally induced acute cigarette abstinence. We excluded for the use of smoking cessation medications that are also used to treat depression, classified depression levels using dichotomized CES-D scores, and used self-report measures of affect. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest individuals with elevated depression symptoms who smoke experience elevated negative affect and lower positive affect and cigarette abstinence may uniquely alter affective reactivity in individuals with elevated depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie H Chai
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Lina M D'Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States of America
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Pang RD, Mason TB, Kapsner AK, Leventhal AM. Parsing Intra- and Inter-Individual Covariation Between the Sensory Attributes and Appeal of E-Cigarettes: Associations and Gender Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1012-1019. [PMID: 34891167 PMCID: PMC9199929 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perceived sensory attributes of e-cigarettes may associate with their appeal. However, limited studies have accounted for individuals' variability in sensory attributes or have addressed how associations of sensory attributes with appeal may differ by gender. METHODS Individuals (n = 119, 32.8% female) who currently used combustible cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes attended one laboratory session in which they completed a standardized e-cigarette puffing procedure according to a 10 Flavor (green apple, strawberry, chocolate, vanilla, menthol, koolada, peppermint, spearmint, subtle tobacco, and full-flavored tobacco) × 2 Nicotine Formulation (free-base, salt) double-blind factorial design. The mean nicotine concentration was 23.4 (SD = 0.9) mg/mL in the nicotine salt formulations and 23.8 (SD = 1.7) mg/mL in the free-base formulations. Following each trial, participants completed ratings of sensory attributes (sweet, smooth, cool, bitter, harsh) and appeal (mean of liking, disliking [reverse-scored], and willingness-to-use-again ratings). Sensory attributes were partitioned into between-person and within-person variables. Gender was tested as a moderator of associations of sensory attributes with appeal. RESULTS Sweet, smooth, and cool sensory attributes positively associated with appeal at the between- and within-person level (ps < .001). Bitter and harsh negatively associated with appeal at the between- and within-person level (ps < .001). The associations of between-person sweet, smooth, and cool ratings with appeal was larger in males compared to females. The associations of within-person smooth, bitter, and harsh with appeal was larger in females compared to males. CONCLUSIONS This study showed important gender differences in associations of sensory attributes and appeal. IMPLICATIONS While evidence suggests that sensory attributes may contribute to the appeal of e-cigarettes, there is little experimental evidence accounting for individual variability in sensory attributes and whether sensory attribute-appeal associations differ by gender. The current study provides evidence that average sweet, cool, and smooth ratings positively associated with appeal and that these associations were larger in males. Within-person bitter, harsh, and smooth ratings significantly associated with appeal in both genders, but these associations were larger in females compared to males. Data from the current report reinforces the need for researchers to study gender stratified effects in tobacco regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Addison K Kapsner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Weinberger AH, Steinberg ML, Mills SD, Dermody SS, Heffner JL, Kong AY, Pang RD, Rosen RL. Assessing Sex, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Mental Health Concerns in Tobacco Use Disorder Treatment Research: Measurement Challenges and Recommendations From a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Pre-conference Workshop. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:643-653. [PMID: 34622932 PMCID: PMC8962699 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on topics discussed at a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco pre-conference workshop at the 2019 annual Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco meeting. The goal of the pre-conference workshop was to help develop a shared understanding of the importance of several tobacco-related priority groups in tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatment research and to highlight challenges in measurement related to these groups. The workshop focused on persons with minoritized sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation identities; persons with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds; persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES); and persons with mental health concerns. In addition to experiencing commercial tobacco-related health disparities, these groups are also underrepresented in tobacco research, including TUD treatment studies. Importantly, there is wide variation in how and whether researchers are identifying variation within these priority groups. Best practices for measuring and reporting sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, SES, and mental health concerns in TUD treatment research are needed. This paper provides information about measurement challenges when including these groups in TUD treatment research and specific recommendations about how to measure these groups and assess potential disparities in outcomes. The goal of this paper is to encourage TUD treatment researchers to use measurement best practices in these priority groups in an effort to conduct meaningful and equity-promoting research. Increasing the inclusion and visibility of these groups in TUD treatment research will help to move the field forward in decreasing tobacco-related health disparities. Implications: Tobacco-related disparities exist for a number of priority groups including, among others, women, individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities, individuals with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds, individuals with lower SES, and individuals with mental health concerns. Research on TUD treatments for many of these subgroups is lacking. Accurate assessment and consideration of these subgroups will provide needed information about efficacious and effective TUD treatments, about potential mediators and moderators, and for accurately describing study samples, all critical elements for reducing tobacco-related disparities, and improving diversity, equity, and inclusion in TUD treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marc L Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah D Mills
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah S Dermody
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaimee L Heffner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,USA
| | - Amanda Y Kong
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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19
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Tucker CJ, Bello MS, Weinberger AH, D'Orazio LM, Kirkpatrick MG, Pang RD. Association of depression symptom level with smoking urges, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement: A preliminary laboratory study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109267. [PMID: 35042097 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking urges, withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement may be especially relevant to people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke. This laboratory study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom level and smoking urges for reward and relief, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement in people who smoke cigarettes daily during acute abstinence and while smoking as usual. METHODS Participants with low (n = 51) or elevated (n = 29) baseline depression symptoms underwent two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (i.e., abstinent, non-abstinent). At each session, they completed subjective measures of smoking urges for reward and relief, and withdrawal. They also completed a laboratory smoking reinstatement task measuring whether they would delay smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked. RESULTS The elevated depression symptom group reported significantly higher withdrawal (p = .01) and smoked more cigarettes than the low depression symptoms group during the smoking reinstatement task self-administration period at the abstinent session (p = .04). Smoking urges for reward and relief were not significantly different by depression symptom group. There were no significant interactions of depression and abstinence with any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS As outcomes were measured at both an abstinent and non-abstinent session, findings identify factors for people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke which may drive smoking behavior and impede smoking cessation efforts. This study provides evidence that people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke may need additional/more pharmacological or behavioral smoking cessation aids targeted at reducing withdrawal and number of cigarettes smoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyna J Tucker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903 USA.
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1165 Morris Park Ave. Rousso Building, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Lina M D'Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo St. Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Weinberger AH, Pang RD, Ferrer M, Kashan RS, Estey DR, Segal KS, Esan H. A novel smoking-specific self-control task: An initial study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in self-control and cigarette smoking behaviors among adults using cigarettes. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 36:28-38. [PMID: 34081484 PMCID: PMC8639834 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Self-control is a key factor in quitting cigarettes and practicing general self-control tasks may strengthen self-control. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a novel smoking-related self-control task. Method: Seventy-five adults with current cigarette smoking (Mage = 44.8, 74.7% male, 63.5% Black, 74.3% non-Latinx) were randomly assigned to practice a smoking-specific self-control task (Delay Smoking Task, n = 39) or a general self-control task (Posture Task, n = 36) for 1 week. Assessments included cigarettes per day (CPD), motivation to quit smoking, self-control, and task acceptability. Results: Most participants completed both appointments with no difference between task groups (p = .69). The Delay Smoking Task group rated the task as more difficult (p = .04) and more helpful for quitting smoking (p = .005) than did the Posture Task group. Self-control task groups did not differ in task effort (p = .66), task success (p = .14), or self-control used to practice the task (p = .13). Both task groups reported increased quit desire, expected quit success, quit confidence, and quit motivation (p < .05; partial η²s = 0.108-0.333). The time by task group interaction approached significance for expected quit success (p = .06; partial η² = .053), with the Delay Smoking Task group showing greater increases than the Posture Task group. Over the week, smoking decreased an average of 1.0 CPD with no difference between groups (p = .72; partial η² = 0.165). Conclusions: Practicing self-control was associated with increases in motivation to quit, confidence in quitting, and expected success at quitting smoking with similar changes for those practicing a smoking-specific versus a general self-control task. Self-control tasks may be useful for increasing motivation to quit cigarettes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Ferrer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, New Jersey USA
| | - Rachel S. Kashan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
| | - David R. Estey
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Kate S. Segal
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York USA
| | - Hannah Esan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York USA
- Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York USA
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21
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Pang RD, Tucker CJ, D’Orazio LM, Weinberger AH, Guillot CR. Affect and subjective cognitive functioning by depression symptom levels during naturalistic cigarette smoking in premenopausal females who smoke daily. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 36:90-99. [PMID: 33844567 PMCID: PMC8505572 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: High negative affect, low positive affect, and low cognitive functioning are depression-related states that may be particularly relevant to females who smoke cigarettes and may be more prominent following overnight tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom levels and negative affect, positive affect, and subjective cognitive functioning in premenopausal females who smoke. Methods: Premenopausal females who smoke daily with low (n = 66) or elevated (n = 33) baseline depression symptoms completed subjective ratings of negative affect, positive affect, and cognitive functioning pre-first cigarette (i.e., after overnight tobacco abstinence) and at random prompts throughout the day via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for 35 days. Results: Participants with elevated depression symptoms reported overall higher negative affect (p = .01). Positive affect was significantly lower prior to the first cigarette of the day (p < .001), but did not significantly differ between depression symptom groups. Subjective cognitive functioning was significantly lower pre-first cigarette of the day (p < .001). There was a significant Depression Symptom × Prompt Type interaction for subjective cognitive functioning (p = .01). Subjective cognitive functioning did not significantly differ by depression symptom group pre-first cigarette of the day but was significantly different at random prompts throughout the day. Conclusions: As participants smoked as usual, findings identify naturalistic factors which may influence smoking behavior among premenopausal females who smoke with elevated depression symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Chyna J. Tucker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California
| | | | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology, and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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22
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Nguyen BT, Pang RD, Nelson AL, Pearson JT, Benhar Noccioli E, Reissner HR, Kraker von Schwarzenfeld A, Acuna J. Detecting variations in ovulation and menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic, using real-world mobile app data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258314. [PMID: 34669726 PMCID: PMC8528316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As war and famine are population level stressors that have been historically linked to menstrual cycle abnormalities, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic could similarly affect ovulation and menstruation among women. METHODOLOGY We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining changes in ovulation and menstruation among women using the Natural Cycles mobile tracking app. We compared de-identified cycle data from March-September 2019 (pre-pandemic) versus March-September 2020 (during pandemic) to determine differences in the proportion of users experiencing anovulation, abnormal cycle length, and prolonged menses, as well as population level changes in these parameters, while controlling for user-reported stress during the pandemic. FINDINGS We analyzed data from 214,426 cycles from 18,076 app users, primarily from Great Britain (29.3%) and the United States (22.6%). The average user was 33 years of age; most held at least a university degree (79.9%). Nearly half (45.4%) reported more pandemic-related stress. Changes in average cycle and menstruation lengths were not clinically significant, remaining at 29 and 4 days, respectively. Approximately 7.7% and 19.5% of users recorded more anovulatory cycles and abnormal cycle lengths during the pandemic, respectively. Contrary to expectation, 9.6% and 19.6% recorded fewer anovulatory cycles and abnormal cycle lengths, respectively. Women self-reporting more (32.0%) and markedly more (13.6%) stress during the pandemic were not more likely to experience cycle abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS The COVD-19 pandemic did not induce population-level changes to ovulation and menstruation among women using a mobile app to track menstrual cycles and predict ovulation. While some women experienced abnormalities during the pandemic, this proportion was smaller than that observed prior to the pandemic. As most app users in this study were well-educated women over the age of 30 years, and from high-income countries, their experience of the COVID-19 pandemic might differ in ways that limit the generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Family Planning, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Anita L. Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Hana R. Reissner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Family Planning, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Juan Acuna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Data Intelligence Support Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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23
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DeVito EE, Fagle T, Allen AM, Pang RD, Petersen N, Smith PH, Weinberger AH. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy I: ENDS Use Behavior During Pregnancy. Curr Addict Rep 2021; 8:347-365. [PMID: 34513567 PMCID: PMC8425312 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use behavior during pregnancy, including the prevalence of and transitions in use during pregnancy. RECENT FINDINGS Twenty-two papers addressed the prevalence of and/or transitions in ENDS use during pregnancy. Findings show a complex landscape of ENDS use. A minority (0.4%-7.0%) of pregnant persons use ENDS; most commonly this occurs in the form of dual use (ENDS and combustible cigarettes (CC); 75%). Many pregnant persons report using ENDS because they perceive them to be a lower-risk alternative and/or potential cessation aide for CC smoking. However, while a subset of those who use ENDS do quit all tobacco product use during pregnancy, only a small proportion switch from exclusive CC smoking to exclusive ENDS use. SUMMARY ENDS are a somewhat new addition to the tobacco product landscape. The perception of ENDS as a lower-risk alternative may contribute to ENDS use in pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence to support the notion that ENDS facilities the cessation of tobacco product use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise E. DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tessa Fagle
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alicia M. Allen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine – Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip H. Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, College of Education, Health and Society, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University and Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wang SD, Loftus P, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG. Impact of self-efficacy on daily intention to not smoke. Addict Behav 2021; 118:106877. [PMID: 33714032 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve cessation interventions, it is necessary to understand the factors associated with daily motivation to not smoke. One hypothesized factor is self-efficacy; however, there has been a lack of evidence investigating self-efficacy as a dynamic construct. METHODS This study examined the influence of baseline and daily self-efficacy on setting daily abstinence plans in pre-quit smokers and successful plans. Participants (N = 76) completed measures of self-efficacy at baseline, and each evening during 28 days of ecological momentary assessment. RESULTS Baseline self-efficacy was not correlated with mean daily rating of self-efficacy or variance in ratings. GLMM found that participants who had higher baseline self-efficacy than others were more likely to set an abstinence plan while participants who had a higher rating of self-efficacy on the previous night than others were more likely to set a plan on any given morning. Participants were less likely to set an abstinence plan if they had smoked on the previous day but were more likely if they had set an abstinence plan on the previous day. Participants were less likely to have a successful plan not to smoke if they smoked on the previous day. CONCLUSIONS The current data indicates that both baseline rating and day-to-day fluctuations in SE influence daily abstinence plan in pre-quit smokers. Future intervention research could examine the use of methods designed to increase and maintain a person's daily self-efficacy and how this can be leveraged to encourage these smokers to attempt long-term cessation.
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Liautaud MM, Barrington-Trimis JL, Liu F, Stokes A, Krueger EA, McConnell R, Pang RD. E-cigarette, cigarette, and cannabis use patterns as a function of sexual identity in a sample of Southern California young adults. Addict Behav Rep 2021; 13:100338. [PMID: 33644294 PMCID: PMC7889792 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual minority young adults report greater cigarette and cannabis use. Emerging evidence suggests this trend may extend to e-cigarettes. The current study evaluated the relationship between sexual identity and prevalence of e-cigarette, cigarette, and cannabis use and whether such associations differ by gender. METHODS Cross-sectional, regionally representative data of young adults (M[SD]age = 20.02 [0.60] years; n heterosexual = 1314; n bisexual = 77; n lesbian/gay = 28) from Wave III (2016) of the Southern California Children's Health Study were analyzed in 2019. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with sexual identity as the predictor and product use (never, prior, infrequent past 30-day [1-2 days], frequent past 30-day [3-5+ days]) as the outcome in separate models by substance (e-cigarettes, cigarettes, cannabis). RESULTS Bisexual individuals were the highest-risk sub-group for nearly all outcomes, with over five times the odds of reporting frequent past 30-day use for e-cigarettes (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.68; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.80, 15.9), cigarettes (OR: 5.42; 95% CI: 2.37, 12.4), and cannabis (OR: 8.43; 95% CI: 4.40, 16.1) compared to heterosexual individuals. Although the sample size for lesbian/gay participants was small, bisexual (vs. lesbian/gay) participants also had greater odds of reporting prior use of nicotine products and frequent past 30-day cannabis use. A significant sexual identity × gender interaction emerged for lifetime cigarette use, wherein bisexual (vs. heterosexual) identity was only associated with greater odds of use for females (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sexual minority-related disparities in substance use among young adults appear to generalize to e-cigarettes, with bisexual young adults exhibiting especially high profiles of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Andrew Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, 801 Massachusetts Ave Crosstown Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Evan A. Krueger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Weinberger AH, Pang RD, Seng EK, Levin J, Esan H, Segal KS, Shuter J. Self-control and smoking in a sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional survey. Addict Behav 2021; 116:106807. [PMID: 33460989 PMCID: PMC7887055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking prevalences are very high in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Identifying variables among PLWH that are linked to smoking in community samples (e.g., self-control) can inform smoking treatments for PLWH. The current study examined the association of self-reported self-control and smoking (e.g., smoking status, cigarette dependence) in a sample of PLWH. METHODS Adult PLWH were recruited from the Center for Positive Living (Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, US). All participants completed measures of demographics, cigarette smoking, and self-control. Participants who reported current cigarette smoking completed measures of cigarette dependence; intolerance for smoking abstinence; and motivation, confidence, and desire to quit smoking. RESULTS The overall sample included 285 PLWH (49.1% cigarette users, 55.4% male, 52.7% Black race, 54.8% Latino/a ethnicity). PLWH with current cigarette smoking reported lower self-control than PLWH with no current cigarette smoking (M = 116.88, SD = 17.07 versus M = 127.39, SD = 20.32; t = -4.15, df = 211, p < 0.001). Among PLWH with current cigarette smoking, lower self-control was associated with greater cigarette dependence (ρ = -0.272, p < 0.01), and lower confidence in quitting smoking cigarettes (ρ = 0.214, p < 0.05). Lower self-control was associated with greater overall smoking abstinence intolerance (ρ = -0.221, p < 0.05) and withdrawal intolerance (ρ = -0.264, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION Among a sample of PLWH, lower self-control was related to cigarette smoking (versus no smoking), greater cigarette dependence, lower confidence in quitting smoking, and greater intolerance for smoking abstinence. It may be useful to target self-control among PLWH to increase confidence in quitting and abstinence intolerance with the goal of improving smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Raina D Pang
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Seng
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Levin
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Esan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kate S Segal
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Shuter
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; AIDS Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Bello MS, Liautaud MM, De La Cerda JT, Pang RD, Ray LA, Ahluwalia JA, Leventhal AM. Association of frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination with tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior in African Americans. Addiction 2021; 116:914-925. [PMID: 32860477 PMCID: PMC7914272 DOI: 10.1111/add.15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Frequent experiences of discrimination could increase vulnerability to tobacco withdrawal and smoking lapse in populations subject to tobacco-related health disparities. This laboratory study (2013-17) examined whether individual differences in perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life predicted tobacco withdrawal symptoms and smoking lapse behavior following acute tobacco deprivation in African American smokers. DESIGN Mixed design with the between-subjects continuous variable of perceived discrimination crossed with the within-subject variable of tobacco deprivation status (deprived versus non-deprived). SETTING Academic medical center in Los Angeles, CA, USA. PARTICIPANTS African American non-treatment seeking daily cigarette smokers (n = 607, ≥ 10 cig/day). MEASUREMENTS At a baseline visit, self-reported frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination in one's daily life was measured [everyday discrimination scale (EDDS)]. At two subsequent counterbalanced experimental visits (16-hour tobacco deprivation versus ad-libitum smoking), self-report assessments of various tobacco withdrawal symptom domains [Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges), Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and Current Impulsivity Scale (CIS)) and a behavioral smoking lapse analogue task were measured. FINDINGS Adjusted models demonstrated that greater frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination was associated with larger deprivation-induced increases in acute urges to smoke to alleviate negative mood, several negative mood states and subjective cognitive functioning-effect sizes were small in magnitude (βs = 0.09-0.13; Ps < 0.02). Data were inconclusive for associations between perceived exposure to discrimination and deprivation-induced changes in cravings, urges to smoke for pleasure, positive mood reduction, other symptoms or smoking reinstatement behavior. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of perceived exposure to discrimination appears to be modestly associated with increased severity of some deprivation-induced tobacco withdrawal symptoms in African American smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julianne T. De La Cerda
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasjit A. Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kirkpatrick MG, Cho J, Stone MD, Bae D, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Social facilitation of alcohol subjective effects in adolescents: Associations with subsequent alcohol use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:887-897. [PMID: 33404735 PMCID: PMC10461607 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laboratory research in adults indicates that alcohol-related subjective effects are enhanced under some social conditions. However, it is unknown whether this "social facilitation" of alcohol effects occurs in adolescents and is associated with alcohol use in the natural ecology. OBJECTIVES We examined associations of social facilitation of alcohol-related subjective effects with subsequent alcohol use among a relatively high-risk group of adolescents who reported drinking alcohol both with friends and alone. METHODS Los Angeles high school students from a prospective study (N = 142; 51% female; 10th graders) completed a baseline survey that assessed alcohol-related "positive" and "negative" subjective effects in two contexts: social (alcohol with friends) and solitary (alcohol alone); social facilitation was calculated as the difference between social and solitary. Students then completed five semi-annual surveys spanning 30 months (2014-2017) assessing 30-day alcohol use (days used, number of drinks, binge drinking). RESULTS Greater social facilitation of positive effects was significantly associated with greater number of alcohol use days (RR [95% CI] = 1.48 [1.19, 1.82]; p < .001), greater number of drinks (RR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.14, 1.66]; p = .001), and greater odds of binge drinking (OR [95% CI] = 1.75 [1.20, 2.57]; p = .004). Similar associations were found with social positive effects. There were no significant associations between solitary positive effects-or any negative effects-and alcohol use outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Social facilitation can be measured outside of the laboratory. Relatively high-risk drinking adolescents who are more susceptible to the social facilitation of subjective alcohol effects are more likely to use more alcohol and binge drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Junhan Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Matthew D Stone
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dayoung Bae
- Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Room 302B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
- Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cho J, Goldenson NI, Kirkpatrick MG, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use initiation in high school. Addiction 2021; 116:382-393. [PMID: 32533801 PMCID: PMC7736052 DOI: 10.1111/add.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify prototypical developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use and co-use initiation during adolescence, and determine risk factors for and consequences of these initiation patterns. DESIGN Prospective repeated-measures cohort with eight semi-annual assessments during high school. Multiple-event process survival mixture modeling identified latent initiation classes with distinct patterns of variation in timing of use initiation of tobacco products and cannabis. We then estimated: (1) associations of baseline risk factors with membership in initiation classes and (2) differences between initiation classes in frequency of cannabis and tobacco product use at the final assessment. SETTING Ten high schools in the Los Angeles, CA, USA metropolitan area, 2013-17. PARTICIPANTS Students [1031 (45.4%) males; mean (standard deviation) age at baseline = 14.6 (0.39) years] who had never used any tobacco products or cannabis at baseline 9th grade assessment (n = 2272). MEASUREMENTS Self-report measures of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), combustible cigarette, hookah, cigar/cigarillos and cannabis use were collected at each assessment. FINDINGS Four distinct tobacco and cannabis use initiation classes were identified: (1) early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 116; 5.1%); (2) early cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 172; 7.6%); (3) late cannabis and e-cigarette initiators (n = 431; 19.0%); and (4) abstainers (n = 1553; 68.4%). At baseline, older age for the early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10, 1.35, P < 0.001], peer cannabis use (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.08, P < 0.001) and delinquent behavior (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55, P = 0.004) were associated with membership in the three initiation classes (versus abstainers). Membership in the early and high-risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators class (versus three other classes) was significantly associated with increased past 30-day frequency and daily intensity of use at the final assessment (P-values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older age, peer cannabis use and delinquent behavior appear to be risk factors for the initiation of tobacco/cannabis product use among high school students in the Los Angeles metropolitan region. Early and higher-risk polyproduct use initiation appears to be associated with greater escalation of past 30-day and daily tobacco and cannabis use at the end of the high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhan Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: Junhan Cho, Ph.D., University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, SSB302X), Los Angeles, CA 90032-9239, USA; , Phone: 323-442-8239, Fax: 323-442-2359
| | - Nicholas I. Goldenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
The prevalence of cannabis use has increased among U.S. pregnant women. Given this increase, and rapidly changing cannabis policies, it may be important to harness digital data sources to help capture trends and perceptions of cannabis use during pregnancy and postpartum. The objective of this study was to examine cannabis and pregnancy-related posts on Twitter over a 12-month period. Methods: Twitter posts from December 1, 2019 to December 1, 2020 that contained pregnancy and cannabis-related keywords were collected in this study (n = 17,238). A sample of 1,000 posts proportionally sampled by week and cannabis/pregnancy-related terms were selected for coding. Posts were classified by one or more of the following themes: 1) Safety during pregnancy i.e. mentions the safety of cannabis use during pregnancy, 2) Safety postpartum i.e. mentions the safety of cannabis use postpartum, and 3) Use for pregnancy-related symptoms i.e. mentions use of cannabis to help with morning sickness, nausea, vomiting, headaches, pain, stress, and fatigue. Results: Safety during pregnancy occurred in 36.00% of the posts and 2.30% posts asked about safety during postpartum. Use of cannabis for pregnancy-related symptoms occurred in 2.70% of posts. Discussion: Findings show that conversations about the risks and benefits of cannabis use during pregnancy and postpartum take place on Twitter. These findings suggests that health practitioners should discuss the risks of cannabis use (including CBD) during pregnancy and breastfeeding with their patients. Health communication planners may need to find ways to communicate risks with the public to prevent the spread of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Allison Dormanesh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yannie Hoang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maya Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon-Patrick Allem
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pang RD, Guillot CR, Liautaud MM, Bello MS, Kirkpatrick MG, Huh J, Leventhal AM. Subjective effects from the first cigarette of the day vary with precigarette affect in premenopausal female daily smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 28:299-305. [PMID: 31368771 PMCID: PMC6994325 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 1st cigarette of the day is strongly tied to tobacco dependence. However, prior research has not investigated whether within-subject (WS) day-to-day fluctuations in prefirst-cigarette affect are associated with the subjective effects from the 1st cigarette of the day or whether these associations differ by smokers' average prefirst-cigarette affect. In the current study, 85 premenopausal female daily smokers completed baseline measures and 35 days of ecological momentary assessment. Prefirst-cigarette positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed prior to the 1st cigarette of the day and were partitioned into between-subjects (BS) and WS variables. Pleasurable and NA relief effects were assessed following the 1st cigarette of the day. On days when women reported higher than their usual prefirst-cigarette PA (WS-PA), they reported more pleasurable effects. On days when women reported higher than their usual prefirst-cigarette WS-NA, they reported greater pleasurable effects and NA relief effects. Women with higher average prefirst-cigarette NA relative to others (BS-NA), reported greater NA relief effects. Women with higher average prefirst-cigarette PA relative to others (BS-PA) reported greater pleasurable and NA relief effects from smoking. The association of within-subject affect (i.e., that day's level of NA or PA) with NA relief effects is attenuated in female smokers with higher average prefirst-cigarette NA (i.e., Prefirst-Cigarette WS Affect × Prefirst-Cigarette BS-NA interaction). Results suggest that prefirst-cigarette affect may impact the subjective effects from the 1st cigarette of the day and that the association between prefirst-cigarette affect and NA relief effects may be dampened in women with greater average precigarette NA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Casey R. Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariel S. Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chai SH, Leventhal AM, Kirkpatrick MG, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Rapkin AJ, D’Orazio L, Pang RD. Effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in premenopausal female smokers is moderated by within-subject severity of negative affect and physical symptoms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1737-1744. [PMID: 32157328 PMCID: PMC7244386 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine patches may be less effective in female compared with male smokers. However, it is unknown if negative affect and physical symptoms influence transdermal nicotine patch-related effects on smoking behaviors. METHODS Eighty-one acutely tobacco-abstinent premenopausal female smokers attended three counter-balanced experimental sessions across the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal) and were randomized to patch condition (nicotine [21 mg] vs. placebo [0 mg] transdermal patch). Negative affect and physical symptoms were assessed prior to patch administration. The patch was removed 5 h post-administration, and participants completed a smoking reinstatement task. Multilevel linear models tested associations of patch condition, negative affect and physical symptoms, and their interaction on smoking behavior. RESULTS There was a significant patch condition × Negative Affect and Pain symptoms interaction on the number of cigarettes smoked (p < 0.05). When Negative Affect and Pain were lower-than-usual, females administered a nicotine patch smoked significantly fewer cigarettes than females administered a placebo patch (p < .05), but there were no significant patch differences when Negative Affect and Pain were higher-than-usual. There was also a significant patch condition × Negative Affect interaction on time delay. The effects of patch condition on time delay to smoking were greater during sessions in which Negative Affect was higher-than-usual. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that among female smokers transdermal nicotine patch effectiveness may interact with negative affect and pain. Understanding and considering female-specific factors that may impact the efficacy of one of the most commonly used cessation medications is important for improving smoking cessation in female smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Chai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew G. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Andrea J. Rapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for the Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lina D’Orazio
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,Corresponding author: Raina D. Pang, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N Soto Street, 312E, Los Angeles, CA 90032 Phone:323-442-7251; Fax:323-442-2359;
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Streck JM, Davis DR, Pang RD, Sigmon SC, Bunn JY, Bergeria CL, Tidey JW, Heil SH, Gaalema DE, Hughes JR, Stitzer ML, Reed E, Higgins ST. Potential Moderating Effects of Sex/Gender on the Acute Relative Reinforcing and Subjective Effects of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:878-884. [PMID: 31225625 PMCID: PMC7395666 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reports in relatively healthy smokers suggest men are more sensitive than women to the subjective effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes (RNCCs). We know of no reports examining sex differences in the relative reinforcing effects of RNCCs, an important outcome in assessing smoking's addiction potential. The aim of the present study is to address this gap by examining sex/gender differences on reinforcing effects while examining whether sex differences in subjective effects are discernible in vulnerable populations. METHODS Secondary analysis of a within-subject, double-blinded experiment examining acute effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg/g) among 169 adult smokers with psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage. Effects of dose, sex, and their interaction were examined on reinforcing (concurrent-choice and Cigarette Purchase Task [CPT] testing), and subjective effects (Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire [CEQ] and craving/withdrawal ratings). RESULTS Reducing nicotine content decreased the relative reinforcing effects of smoking in concurrent-choice and CPT testing (p's < .05) with no significant effects of sex nor dose × sex/gender interactions. Reducing nicotine content decreased CEQ ratings with only a single significant effect of sex (higher Psychological Reward scores among women than men, p = .02) and no significant dose × sex/gender interactions. Results on craving/withdrawal paralleled those on the CEQ. CONCLUSIONS Reducing nicotine content decreases the addiction potential of smoking independent of sex in populations highly vulnerable to smoking and addiction, with no indication that women are less sensitive to subjective effects of RNCCs or would benefit less from a policy reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes. IMPLICATIONS A policy reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes has the potential to reduce the addiction potential of smoking across men and women who are especially vulnerable to smoking, addiction, and tobacco-related adverse health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Streck
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Danielle R Davis
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stacey C Sigmon
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Cecilia L Bergeria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sarah H Heil
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - John R Hughes
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Maxine L Stitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ellaina Reed
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Science, University of Vermont,Burlington, VT
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Pang RD, Bello MS, Liautaud MM, Weinberger AH, Leventhal AM. Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:1072-1078. [PMID: 29917091 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have found heightened negative affect following tobacco abstinence in women compared to men. However, experimental work addressing whether these findings generalize across racial groups is scarce. This study investigated whether race (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic African American) moderated gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect and smoking behavior. METHODS Data were collected from 2010 to 2017 from two separate laboratory studies investigating experimentally manipulated tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline session, adult daily smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day; women: n = 297, 83.8% non-Hispanic African American; men: n = 492, 86.2% non-Hispanic African American) attended two counterbalanced lab sessions (16 hours abstinent vs. non-abstinent) and completed self-report measures of negative affect followed by a laboratory analogue smoking reinstatement task. RESULTS We found a gender × race interaction for several negative affect states and composite negative affect (βs = -.12 to -.16, Ps < .05). Analyses stratified by race showed that non-Hispanic White women compared to non-Hispanic White men exhibited greater abstinence-induced increases in anger, anxiety, and composite negative affect (βs = -.20 to -.29, Ps < .05). No significant gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect were found for non-Hispanic African American smokers (βs = .00 to - .04, Ps > .05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that negative affect during acute tobacco abstinence may be a clinically important and intervenable factor that can inform cessation interventions specifically for non-Hispanic White women smokers. Further empirical exploration of mechanisms underlying interactions of gender and race in tobacco addiction may benefit smoking cessation efforts in non-Hispanic African American women smokers. IMPLICATIONS This study contributes to a scant body of research examining the intersectional influence of race and gender on abstinence-induced negative affect-a central, motivationally prepotent feature of tobacco withdrawal. Using a laboratory-based design to experimentally manipulate abstinence, we provide evidence of a gender × race interaction on negative affect-related withdrawal. Our findings suggest that gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect observed among non-Hispanic White smokers may not generalize to non-Hispanic African American smokers, highlighting the need for future work to address potential mechanisms underlying the racially discrepant impact of gender on affective tobacco withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Madalyn M Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Dunton GF, Kaplan JT, Monterosso J, Pang RD, Mason TB, Kirkpatrick MG, Eckel SP, Leventhal AM. Conceptualizing Health Behaviors as Acute Mood-Altering Agents: Implications for Cancer Control. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:343-350. [PMID: 31948998 PMCID: PMC7158868 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A massive portion of cancer burden is accounted for by a small collection of highly prevalent cancer risk behaviors (e.g., low physical activity, unhealthy diet, and tobacco use). Why people engage in numerous types of cancer risk behaviors and fail to adopt various cancer prevention behaviors has been poorly understood. In this commentary, we propose a novel scientific framework, which argues that a common affective (i.e., emotion based) mechanism underpins a diversity of such cancer risk and prevention behaviors. The scientific premise is that cancer risk and prevention behaviors produce immediate and robust changes in affective states that are translated into motivations and drives, which promote further pursuit of risk behaviors or avoidance of prevention behaviors. After describing the conceptual and scientific basis for this framework, we then propose central research questions that can address the validity and utility of the framework. Next, we selectively review and integrate findings on the mood-altering effects of various cancer risk and prevention behaviors from the addiction science, exercise science, and behavioral nutrition literatures, focusing on the nature and phenomenology of behavior-elicited mood changes and their value for predicting future behavior change. We conclude by discussing how this framework can be applied to address critical scientific questions in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonas T Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Kelly ME, Guillot CR, Quinn EN, Lucke HR, Bello MS, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Anxiety sensitivity in relation to cigarette smoking and other substance use in African American smokers. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 34:669-679. [PMID: 32162964 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS)-fearfulness of anxiety symptoms-has been implicated in the etiology of emotional disorders (e.g., depressive and anxiety disorders) and linked to cigarette smoking and other substance use (SU). However, studies examining AS in relation to SU primarily have been conducted with racially/ethnically heterogeneous or mostly European American samples. Hence, this cross-sectional study involving secondary analysis of baseline data focused on investigating associations of AS with cigarette smoking and other SU in a sample of 630 non-treatment-seeking African American smokers (37.3% female; M age = 49.6 years; M cigarettes smoked per day = 15.4). After screening out individuals with non-nicotine substance dependence, participants reported their demographics, AS, dysphoria symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety symptoms), and SU. In regression analyses controlling for dysphoria symptoms, age, education level, income level, and years of regular smoking, AS was positively associated with tobacco withdrawal severity (β = .12, p = .007), overall smoking motives (β = .17, p < .001), alcohol use problems (β = .12, p = .005), and other (non-nicotine, nonalcohol) SU problems (β = .16, p < .001). Though lacking the passage of time between assessments needed to provide strong evidence of mediation, unplanned analyses further revealed indirect associations of AS with several SU variables through dysphoria symptoms. Current findings are consistent with those found in prior samples and suggest that AS is similarly related to SU in African Americans, who may benefit from interventions that have been helpful in improving AS, dysphoria symptoms, and SU in other groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariel S Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
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Pang RD, Goldenson NI, Kirkpatrick M, Barrington-Trimis JL, Cho J, Leventhal AM. Sex differences in the appeal of flavored e-cigarettes among young adult e-cigarette users. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 34:303-307. [PMID: 31961168 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that females (vs. males) may be more sensitive to and derive greater reinforcement from the sensory aspects of combustible cigarette smoking (e.g., flavor, taste). However, it is unknown if there are similar sex differences in the appeal of flavored e-cigarettes. Young adult male (N = 65) and female (N = 35) e-cigarette users (mean age = 25.4; 53% current smokers) attended 1 laboratory session in which they self-administered standardized e-cigarette doses according to a Flavor (fruit vs. tobacco vs. menthol) × Nicotine (6 mg/mL vs. 0 mg/mL) × Voltage (3.3 V vs. 4.3 V) within-participant fully crossed factorial design. Following each trial, participants completed ratings of appeal (mean of liking, disliking [reverse scored], and willingness-to-use-again ratings). Sex was tested as a between-subjects moderator of the effects of flavor on appeal. There was a significant interaction between sex and flavor for e-cigarette appeal (p < .001). In males, fruit-flavored e-cigarettes generated greater appeal than menthol and tobacco (ps < .001). In females, both fruit- and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes generated greater appeal than tobacco (ps < .001), but there was no significant difference between fruit- and menthol-flavored e-cigarettes (p = .40). The findings of this study suggest that males prefer fruit-flavored e-cigarettes, and females prefer both menthol- and fruit-flavored e-cigarettes. The impact of regulatory policies targeting e-cigarette flavors in the population may vary by sex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Guillot CR, Blackledge SM, Douglas ME, Cloutier RM, Liautaud MM, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG, Leventhal AM. Indirect Associations of Anxiety Sensitivity with Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Problems Through Emotional Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents. Behav Med 2020; 46:161-169. [PMID: 31039083 PMCID: PMC6821558 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1573797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, anxiety sensitivity-fear of anxiety symptoms-enhances perception of and emotional reactivity to autonomic arousal and mental distress, thereby increasing negative affect and motivation to use substances for negative reinforcement. Because no prior study of adolescents has tested if anxiety sensitivity is indirectly associated with substance use problems through symptoms of emotional disorders (i.e., disorders involving high levels of negative affect), the current cross-sectional study examined this theoretical pathway. Participants included ninth-grade students from 10 different high schools in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (N = 3005; 54.3% female). Self-report measures of anxiety sensitivity, emotional disorder symptoms, tobacco dependence, and alcohol and other drug problems were administered. Controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, school, and impulsiveness, we tested the associations of anxiety sensitivity with tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use problems as well as the indirect effects of anxiety sensitivity on each domain of substance use problems through emotional disorder symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity was associated with more severe tobacco dependence and greater alcohol problems and other drug problems, and anxiety sensitivity further was indirectly associated with all three domains of substance use problems through emotional disorder symptoms. Current findings suggest that adolescents high in anxiety sensitivity tend to experience emotional disorder symptoms, which may increase risk for substance use problems. Interventions that target anxiety sensitivity and enhance negative-affect coping skills may assist in preventing and reducing adolescent substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX,Corresponding author: Casey Guillot, PhD, University of North Texas, Department of Psychology, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203-5017; Tel: 1-940-369-8426; Fax: 1-940-565-4682;
| | - Sabrina M. Blackledge
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | | | | | - Madalyn M. Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D. Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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Ewusi Boisvert E, Bae D, Pang RD, Davis JP, Kelley-Quon LI, Barrington-Trimis JL, Kirkpatrick MG, Chai SH, Leventhal AM. Subjective effects of combustible, vaporized, and edible cannabis: Results from a survey of adolescent cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107716. [PMID: 31718923 PMCID: PMC10408718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from controlled laboratory experiments in adults indicate that the subjective effects of cannabis vary by administration method (e.g., combustible, vaporized). Whether the subjective effects of cannabis experienced in the natural ecology and among adolescents differ by cannabis administration method is unknown. In this observational study, adolescents' retrospective reports of subjective effects after combustible, edible, and vaporized cannabis use were examined. METHODS Students from ten public schools in Los Angeles, CA, USA (M[SD] age = 16.1 [.43] years) who reported past 6-month use of combustible, edible, or vaporized cannabis (N = 584) were surveyed on subjective effects experienced after use (yes/no). They were provided with a 12 item self-report checklist of six positive (e.g., relaxed, energetic) and six negative (e.g., drowsy, lazy) subjective effects. For each method of administration, affirmative responses were summed in positive (range: 0-6) and negative (range: 0-6) effect composite scores. RESULTS Generalized estimating equations adjusted for demographics and recent cannabis use revealed a graded pattern of differences in positive subjective effects across products, with highest scores for combustible (M[SD] = 3.98[1.76]), followed by edible (M[SD] = 3.58 [2.04]) and vaporized (M[SD] = 3.11 [2.21]) cannabis (all pairwise cross-product contrasts p < .01). Mean negative effect score was highest for edible (M[SD] = 2.27 [1.95]), followed by combustible (M[SD] = 1.94 [1.66]), and vaporized (M[SD] = 1.34 [1.73]) cannabis, respectively (all pairwise contrasts p < .02). CONCLUSION Adolescents' reports of subjective effects varied across cannabis administration methods. Combustible cannabis' more desirable subjective effects profile might be indicative of higher abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayoung Bae
- Department of Home Economics Education, College of Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Department of Children, Youth, and Families, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine I Kelley-Quon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie H Chai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Leventhal AM, Goldenson NI, Cho J, Kirkpatrick MG, McConnell RS, Stone MD, Pang RD, Audrain-McGovern J, Barrington-Trimis JL. Flavored E-cigarette Use and Progression of Vaping in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2019; 144:e20190789. [PMID: 31659004 PMCID: PMC6856781 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are available in nontraditional flavors (eg, fruit and candy) that are banned in combustible cigarettes in the United States. Whether adolescent use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors prospectively predicts continuation of vaping and progression to more frequent vaping is unknown. METHODS High school students in Los Angeles, California, completed 5 semiannual surveys (2014-2017 [10th grade to 12th grade]). Among past-6-month e-cigarette users at survey waves 1 to 4 (N = 478), e-cigarette flavor (or flavors) used was coded into 2 mutually exclusive categories at each wave (use of ≥1 nontraditional flavors [fruit, candy, sweet or dessert, buttery, blends or combinations, and other] versus exclusive use of tobacco, menthol or mint, or flavorless). Flavor used during waves 1 to 4 was modeled as a time-varying, time-lagged regressor of vaping status and frequency outcomes 6 months later at waves 2 to 5. RESULTS Across waves 1 to 4, there were 739 (93.8%) observations of nontraditional-flavor use and 49 (6.2%) observations of exclusive use of tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless e-cigarettes. Use of e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors (versus only tobacco, mint or menthol, or flavorless) was positively associated with vaping continuation (64.3% vs 42.9%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.76 [95% confidence interval 1.20 to 10.31]) and past-30-day number of puffs per nicotine vaping episode (mean: 3.1 [SD 5.5] vs 1.5 [SD 3.8]; adjusted rate ratio = 2.41 [95% confidence interval 1.08 to 5.92]) 6 months later. Flavor used was not associated with the subsequent number of past-30-day vaping days or episodes per day. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who vaped e-cigarettes in nontraditional flavors, compared with those who exclusively vaped tobacco-flavored, mint- or menthol-flavored, or flavorless e-cigarettes, were more likely to continue vaping and take more puffs per vaping occasion 6 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Leventhal
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
- Departments of Psychology and
| | - Nicholas I Goldenson
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Junhan Cho
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rob S McConnell
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew D Stone
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Raina D Pang
- Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Leventhal AM, Goldenson NI, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, Kirkpatrick MG. Effects of non-tobacco flavors and nicotine on e-cigarette product appeal among young adult never, former, and current smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 203:99-106. [PMID: 31434028 PMCID: PMC7489757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette regulations targeting products that disproportionately appeal to never-smokers may optimize population health. This laboratory study of young adults tested whether differences in appeal between e-cigarettes with non-tobacco-flavored (vs. tobacco-flavored) and nicotine-containing (vs. nicotine-free) solutions varied by smoking history. METHODS Current (N = 53), former (N = 25), and never (N = 22) cigarette smokers who vape (Mean[SD] age = 25.4[4.4] years) administered standardized e-cigarette doses varied by a Flavor (fruit, menthol, tobacco) × Nicotine (nicotine-containing [6 mg/mL], nicotine-free) within-subject double-blind design. Participants rated each dose's appeal (0-100 scale). Covariate-adjusted interactions tested whether smoking history moderated flavor and nicotine effects. RESULTS Appeal was higher for fruit and menthol than tobacco flavors in each group. The fruit vs. tobacco appeal difference was greater in never smokers (fruit-tobacco estimate = 19.6) than current smokers (estimate = 12.1) but not former smokers (estimate = 12.6). The menthol vs. tobacco difference was greater in never smokers (menthol-tobacco estimate = 17.3) than former (estimate = 6.0) and current (estimate = 7.2) smokers. Appeal was lower for nicotine-containing than nicotine-free solutions in each group; this difference was greater in never smokers (nicotine-nicotine-free estimate = -17.3) than former (estimate = -7.0) and current (estimate = -10.6) smokers. Compared to tobacco flavors, nicotine's appeal-reducing effects were suppressed by fruit and menthol flavors in never smokers. CONCLUSIONS Higher appeal of non-tobacco-flavored (vs. tobacco-flavored) and lower appeal of nicotine-containing (vs. nicotine-free) e-cigarettes may be widespread in young adults but disproportionately amplified in never smokers. Non-tobacco flavors may suppress nicotine's appeal-lowering qualities in never smokers. The impact of regulating non-tobacco flavors in e-cigarettes may vary by smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas I Goldenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Liautaud MM, Leventhal AM, Pang RD. Happiness as a Buffer of the Association Between Dependence and Acute Tobacco Abstinence Effects in African American Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1215-1222. [PMID: 29059368 PMCID: PMC6121915 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction African American (AA) smokers are at disproportionate risk of tobacco dependence, utilizing smoking to regulate stress, and poor cessation outcomes. Positive emotional traits may function as coping factors that buffer the extent to which dependence increases vulnerability to adverse responses to acute tobacco abstinence (ie, tobacco withdrawal). This laboratory study examined subjective happiness (SH; dispositional orientation towards frequent and intense positive affect [PA] and life satisfaction) as a moderator of the relation between tobacco dependence and subjective and behavioral abstinence effects among AA smokers. Methods AA smokers (N = 420, 39.0% female) completed self-report measures of tobacco dependence and SH followed by two counterbalanced experimental sessions (nonabstinent vs. 16-hour abstinent) involving self-report measures of composite withdrawal, urge to smoke, and mood, and a behavioral smoking task in which participants could: (1) earn money to delay smoking reinstatement, and (2) subsequently purchase cigarettes to smoke. Results Tobacco dependence was positively associated with increased abstinence effects in composite withdrawal, urge to smoke, PA, and latency to smoking reinstatement (ps < .04). SH significantly moderated the relation between dependence and abstinence-induced increases in composite withdrawal (β = -.17, p < .001), such that the predictive power of dependence on withdrawal severity grew proportionately weaker as levels of SH increased. Conclusions SH may insulate against adverse effects of dependence on withdrawal during acute smoking abstinence, particularly withdrawal symptom clusters that are craving- and mood-based. Consideration of positive emotional traits as stress-coping factors in the dependence-withdrawal link may be warranted in research and practice with AA smokers. Implications The current study contributes to a growing body of literature examining the potentially advantageous role of positive emotional traits to smokers. We do so by identifying a relatively understudied psychological construct within tobacco research-subjective happiness-that may suppress the extent to which more severe tobacco dependence increases risk for subjective withdrawal-related distress during acute smoking abstinence in AA smokers. In doing so, the study provides a primer for future targeting of subjective happiness and other positive emotional traits as means to understand and treat acute tobacco abstinence effects among dependent AA smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn M Liautaud
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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Guillot CR, Halliday TM, Kirkpatrick MG, Pang RD, Leventhal AM. Anhedonia and Abstinence as Predictors of the Subjective Pleasantness of Positive, Negative, and Smoking-Related Pictures. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:743-749. [PMID: 28186553 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anhedonia-diminished interest or pleasure in response to rewards-is a dimension implicated in several psychiatric disorders linked to smoking. This laboratory study sought to identify motivational mechanisms linking anhedonia and tobacco addiction by testing the hypothesis that anhedonia, abstinence, and their interaction would predict excesses and deficits in the perceived pleasantness of smoking-related and positive pictures, respectively. We assessed the pleasantness of negative pictures as a secondary outcome. Methods After a baseline session involving self-report measures of anhedonia and other factors, 125 regular smokers attended two counterbalanced experimental sessions (overnight abstinent and non-abstinent) at which they rated the pleasantness of positive, smoking-related, negative, and neutral (control) pictures presented via computer. The difference in pleasantness ratings of positive, smoking-related, and negative pictures relative to neutral pictures served as the index of participants' appraisal of the motivational salience of nondrug reward, drug reward, and aversive signals, respectively. Results With and without adjusting for sex and depressive symptoms, greater anhedonia significantly or marginally predicted greater pleasantness of smoking (vs. neutral), lower pleasantness of positive (vs. neutral), less unpleasantness of negative (vs. neutral) pictures (|βs| = 0.18 to 0.35, ps = .007 to .07). Anhedonia by abstinence interaction effects on pleasantness ratings of each stimulus category (vs. neutral) were not significant (|βs| ≤ 0.02, ps ≥ .36). Conclusions Anhedonia and abstinence additively increase the salience of smoking-related cues in anhedonic smokers. Smoking cessation efforts that attenuate sensitization to smoking stimuli may benefit anhedonic smokers early in quit attempts. Implications Taken together, these findings provide tentative evidence that anhedonia is associated with a relative imbalance in the motivational salience of drug relative to nondrug rewards and may be associated with a generalized hypo-reactivity to both positive and negative stimuli. Though some prior smoking research has evidenced this relative imbalance in anhedonia with self-report or a smoking-choice task, we additionally show that this pattern may extend to hyper-affective reactivity to smoking-related stimuli being coincident with hypo-affective reactivity to nondrug-related positive stimuli (ie, may extend to greater pleasantness ratings of smoking pictures being accompanied by lower pleasantness ratings of positive pictures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Guillot
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
| | | | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Chuang CWI, Sussman S, Stone MD, Pang RD, Chou CP, Leventhal AM, Kirkpatrick MG. Impulsivity and history of behavioral addictions are associated with drug use in adolescents. Addict Behav 2017; 74:41-47. [PMID: 28570913 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature suggests that trait impulsivity and engagement in non-drug-related behavioral addictions (e.g., Internet addiction, food addiction) are two risk factors for drug use. Here we further investigated the potential impact of having one or both of these risk factors on drug use in Los Angeles area adolescents. METHOD High school students (N=1612; Mean age=14.1) completed self-report surveys measuring two potential risk factors (impulsivity, lifetime history of several behavioral addictions), and past 6-month use of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. Participants who reported never using drugs completed questionnaires assessing their susceptibility for future use. RESULTS In general, adolescents who endorsed either impulsivity alone or at least two behavioral addictions alone were more likely to have used tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana compared to individuals who had neither risk factor (OR=2.50-4.13), and individuals who endorsed both impulsivity and three or more behavioral addictions were the most likely to have used these drugs (OR=9.40-10.13). Similarly, among those who had never tried a drug, individuals with this combined set of risk factors were the most likely to be susceptible to future drug use (OR=3.37-5.04). DISCUSSION These results indicate that the combination of trait impulsivity and a history of behavioral addictions increases the risk for current and future drug use in adolescents, to a greater extent than either risk factor alone. It may be useful for drug prevention efforts to target impulsive adolescents who also actively engage in other non-drug-related addictive behaviors.
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Park AD, Farrahi LN, Pang RD, Guillot CR, Aguirre CG, Leventhal AM. Negative Urgency Is Associated With Heightened Negative Affect and Urge During Tobacco Abstinence in Regular Smokers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 77:766-73. [PMID: 27588535 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative urgency-the tendency to act rashly during negative affective states-is a risk factor for regular cigarette smoking. This human laboratory study tested a novel theoretical model of the underlying mechanisms linking negative urgency and smoking motivation, which purports that smokers with high negative urgency are at increased susceptibility to abstinence-induced increases in negative affect, which, in turn, provokes the urge to smoke to suppress negative affect. METHOD Smokers (N = 180, >10 cigarettes/day) attended a baseline session at which they completed self-report measures of negative urgency and other co-factors and subsequently attended two counterbalanced within-subject experimental sessions (i.e., 16 hours of smoking abstinence or smoking as usual). At both experimental sessions, self-reported tobacco withdrawal symptoms, affect, and smoking urge were assessed. RESULTS Negative urgency was associated with larger abstinence-induced increases in tobacco withdrawal symptoms, negative affect, and urge to smoke to alleviate negative affect, both with and without controlling for anxiety, depression, tobacco dependence, and sensation seeking (βs > .18, ps < .05). The association between negative urgency and abstinence-induced increases in urge to smoke to alleviate negative affect was mediated by greater abstinence-induced increases in negative affect (βs > .062, ps = .01). CONCLUSIONS These results provide initial support of this model by providing evidence that smokers with higher (vs. lower) negative urgency may be more prone to greater negative affect during withdrawal, which in turn may promote urge to smoke to suppress negative emotion. Research extending this model to other settings, measures, and methodological approaches may be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie D Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Layla N Farrahi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Casey R Guillot
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claudia G Aguirre
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Garey L, Manning K, Jardin C, Leventhal AM, Stone M, Raines AM, Pang RD, Neighbors C, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A reevaluation of the psychometric properties across two independent samples of smokers. Psychol Assess 2017; 30:678-692. [PMID: 28782978 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug use outcome expectancies are a central construct to psychosocial theories of addictive disorders. In tobacco literature, the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; Brandon & Baker, 1991) is a tool used to assess this construct. Despite its common use, the SCQ has received little psychometric evaluation. In the current report, samples from 2 studies were used to examine the assumed SCQ structure, develop a novel truncated scale, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the novel scale. In Study 1, the 4-factor SCQ structure was examined using data from 343 (32.4% female; Mage = 43.7; SD = 10.8) adult nontreatment-seeking smokers. Results from Study 1 indicated that the 4-factor SCQ structure did not adequately explain covariance between items. Instead, results provided evidence for a 5-factor structure that tapped into outcome expectancies related to (a) immediate negative consequences (IC), (b) long-term negative consequences (LTC), (c) sensory satisfaction (SS), (d) negative affect reduction, and (e) appetite-weight control (AW). In Study 2, the 5-factor structure of the SCQ was confirmed and the construct validity was evaluated in 582 (48.2% female; Mage = 36.9; SD = 13.5) treatment-seeking adult smokers. Study 2 found evidence for measurement invariance across sex and overtime of the 5-factor structure as well as substantial construct validity. Results from 2 independent samples challenge the traditional 4-factor model of the SCQ, and instead, provide evidence for a novel 5-factor SCQ structure with strong validity and reliability. Alternate scoring algorithms for the SCQ, including a 5-subscale scheme, warrant consideration to ensure optimal measurement precision and construct differentiation. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam M Leventhal
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Matthew Stone
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
| | | | - Raina D Pang
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California
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Abstract
Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) may reduce smoking cessation success. Yet, little is known about the factors that may impact smoking cessation among women with elevated PMS, leaving little data to guide smoking cessation science and practice for this population. This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data from laboratory studies focused on menstrual cycle effects and smoking. Premenopausal woman daily smokers (n = 157) completed self-report measures of tobacco dependence and other cessation-relevant factors (i.e., smoking cessation history, withdrawal during previous quit attempts, use of smoking cessation aids) as well as a measure assessing 3 domains of PMS-affective, water retention, and pain. After controlling for depression and race, affective PMS were associated with greater daytime tobacco dependence, withdrawal symptoms during most recent quit attempt, and number of smoking cessation aids used in past quit attempts (βs = .19-.28, ps < .05). Additionally, affective PMS were associated with increased odds of having used e-cigarettes during past quit attempts (odds ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 2.24]) after adjusting for depression and race. These results across different domains of PMS suggest that affective PMS may play a particularly important role in smoking cessation. Women with elevated affective PMS may be more inclined to try cessation aids and require special clinical attention to controlling tobacco withdrawal during quit attempts to increase success. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Bello MS, Pang RD, Chasson GS, Ray LA, Leventhal AM. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and negative affect during tobacco withdrawal in a non-clinical sample of African American smokers. J Anxiety Disord 2017; 48:78-86. [PMID: 27769664 PMCID: PMC5380588 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptomatology and smoking is poorly understood, particularly in African Americans-a group subject to smoking- and OC-related health disparities. In a non-clinical sample of 253 African American smokers, we tested the negative reinforcement model of OC-smoking comorbidity, purporting that smokers with higher OC symptoms experience greater negative affect (NA) and urge to smoke for NA suppression upon acute tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline visit involving OC assessment, participants completed two counterbalanced experimental visits (non-abstinent vs. 16-h tobacco abstinence) involving affect, smoking urge, and nicotine withdrawal assessment. OC symptom severity predicted larger abstinence-provoked increases in overall NA, anger, anxiety, depression, fatigue, urge to smoke to suppress NA, and composite nicotine withdrawal symptom index. African American smokers with elevated OC symptoms appear to be vulnerable to negative reinforcement-mediated smoking motivation and may benefit from cessation treatments that diminish NA or the urge to quell NA via smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel S Bello
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Chasson
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Goldenson NI, Kirkpatrick MG, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, McBeth JF, Pentz MA, Samet JM, Leventhal AM. Effects of sweet flavorings and nicotine on the appeal and sensory properties of e-cigarettes among young adult vapers: Application of a novel methodology. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 168:176-180. [PMID: 27676583 PMCID: PMC5086287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Product characteristics that impact e-cigarette appeal by altering the sensory experience of vaping need to be identified to formulate evidence-based regulatory policies. While products that contain sweet flavorings and produce a "throat hit" (i.e., desirable airway irritation putatively caused by nicotine) are anecdotally cited as desirable reasons for vaping among young adults, experimental evidence of their impact on user appeal is lacking. This experiment applied a novel laboratory protocol to assess whether: (1) sweet flavorings and nicotine affect e-cigarette appeal; (2) sweet flavorings increase perceived sweetness; (3) nicotine increases throat hit; and (4) perceived sweetness and throat hit are associated with appeal. METHODS Young adult vapers (N=20; age 19-34) self-administered 20 standardized doses of aerosolized e-cigarette solutions varied according to a 3 flavor (sweet [e.g., cotton candy] vs. non-sweet [e.g., tobacco-flavored] vs. flavorless)×2 nicotine (6mg/mL nicotine vs. 0mg/mL [placebo]) double-blind, cross-over design. Participants rated appeal (liking, willingness to use again and perceived monetary value), perceived sweetness and throat hit strength after each administration. RESULTS Sweet-flavored (vs. non-sweet and flavorless) solutions produced greater appeal and perceived sweetness ratings. Nicotine produced greater throat hit ratings than placebo, but did not significantly increase appeal nor interact with flavor effects on appeal. Controlling for flavor and nicotine, perceived sweetness was positively associated with appeal ratings; throat hit was not positively associated with appeal. CONCLUSIONS Further identification of compounds in e-cigarette solutions that enhance sensory perceptions of sweetness, appeal, and utilization of e-cigarettes are warranted to inform evidence-based regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas I Goldenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raina D Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia F McBeth
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Pentz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Pang RD, Bello MS, Stone MD, Kirkpatrick MG, Huh J, Monterosso J, Haselton MG, Fales MR, Leventhal AM. Premenstrual symptoms and smoking-related expectancies. Addict Behav 2016; 57:38-41. [PMID: 26869196 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that prior research implicates smoking abstinence in increased premenstrual symptoms, tobacco withdrawal, and smoking behaviors, it is possible that women with more severe premenstrual symptoms have stronger expectancies about the effects of smoking and abstaining from smoking on mood and withdrawal. However, such relations have not been previously explored. This study examined relations between premenstrual symptoms experienced in the last month and expectancies that abstaining from smoking results in withdrawal (i.e., smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies), that smoking is pleasurable (i.e., positive reinforcement smoking expectancies), and smoking relieves negative mood (i.e., negative reinforcement smoking expectancies). In a cross-sectional design, 97 non-treatment seeking women daily smokers completed self-report measures of smoking reinforcement expectancies, smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies, premenstrual symptoms, mood symptoms, and nicotine dependence. Affect premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased negative reinforcement smoking expectancies, but not over and above covariates. Affect and pain premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased positive reinforcement smoking expectancies, but only affect premenstrual symptoms remained significant in adjusted models. Affect, pain, and water retention premenstrual symptoms were associated with increased smoking abstinence withdrawal expectancies, but only affect premenstrual symptoms remained significant in adjusted models. Findings from this study suggest that addressing concerns about withdrawal and alternatives to smoking may be particularly important in women who experience more severe premenstrual symptoms, especially affect-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mariel S Bello
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Stone
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Monterosso
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martie G Haselton
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa R Fales
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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