1
|
Romeo F, Spetter MJ, Pereyra SB, Morán PE, González Altamiranda EA, Louge Uriarte EL, Odeón AC, Pérez SE, Verna AE. Whole Genome Sequence-Based Analysis of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Isolated from Bovine Abortions. Viruses 2024; 16:739. [PMID: 38793621 PMCID: PMC11125609 DOI: 10.3390/v16050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoGHV4) is a member of the Gammaherspivirinae subfamily, Rhadinovirus genus. Its natural host is the bovine, and it is prevalent among the global cattle population. Although the complete genome of BoGHV4 has been successfully sequenced, the functions of most of its genes remain unknown. Currently, only six strains of BoGHV4, all belonging to Genotype 1, have been sequenced. This is the first report of the nearly complete genome of Argentinean BoGHV4 strains isolated from clinical cases of abortion, representing the first BoGHV4 Genotype 2 and 3 genomes described in the literature. Both Argentinean isolates presented the highest nt p-distance values, indicating a greater level of divergence. Overall, the considerable diversity observed in the complete genomes and open reading frames underscores the distinctiveness of both Argentinean isolates compared to the existing BoGHV4 genomes. These findings support previous studies that categorized the Argentinean BoGHV4 strains 07-435 and 10-154 as Genotypes 3 and 2, respectively. The inclusion of these sequences represents a significant expansion to the currently limited pool of BoGHV4 genomes while providing an important basis to increase the knowledge of local isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Romeo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Maximiliano Joaquín Spetter
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Beatriz Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Pedro Edgardo Morán
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Analía González Altamiranda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Enrique Leopoldo Louge Uriarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| | - Anselmo Carlos Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil CC7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elizabeth Verna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, INTA-CONICET) Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce CC7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.L.L.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bauermann FV, Falkenberg SM, Martins M, Dassanayake RP, Neill JD, Ridpath JF, Silveira S, Palmer MV, Buysse A, Mohr A, Flores EF, Diel DG. Genome sequence and experimental infection of calves with bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4). Arch Virol 2022; 167:1659-1668. [PMID: 35708765 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is ubiquitous in cattle worldwide, and it has been detected in animals exhibiting broad clinical presentations. The virus has been detected in the United States since the 1970s; however, its clinical relevance remains unknown. Here, we determined the complete genome sequences of two contemporary BoHV-4 isolates obtained from respiratory (SD16-38) or reproductive (SD16-49) tract specimens and assessed clinical, virological, and pathological outcomes upon intranasal (IN) inoculation of calves with the respiratory BoHV-4 isolate SD16-38. A slight and transient increase in body temperature was observed in BoHV-4-inoculated calves. Additionally, transient viremia and virus shedding in nasal secretions were observed in all inoculated calves. BoHV-4 DNA was detected by nested PCR in the tonsil and regional lymph nodes (LNs) of calves euthanized on day 5 post-inoculation (pi) and in the lungs of calves euthanized on day 10 pi. Calves euthanized on day 35 pi harbored BoHV-4 DNA in the respiratory tract (turbinates, trachea, lungs), regional lymphoid tissues, and trigeminal ganglia. Interestingly, in situ hybridization revealed the presence of BoHV-4 DNA in nerve bundles surrounding the trigeminal ganglia and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (day 35 pi). No histological changes were observed in the respiratory tract (turbinate, trachea, and lung), lymphoid tissues (tonsil, LNs, thymus, and spleen), or central nervous tissues (olfactory bulb and trigeminal ganglia) sampled throughout the animal studies (days 5, 10, and 35 pi). This study contributes to the understanding of the infection dynamics and tissue distribution of BoHV-4 following IN infection in calves. These results suggest that BoHV-4 SD16-38 used in our study has low pathogenicity in calves upon intranasal inoculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rohana P Dassanayake
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - John D Neill
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.,Ridpath Consulting, LLC, 204 Rothmoor, P.O. Box 422, Gilbert, IA, 50105, USA
| | - Simone Silveira
- Ruminant Disease and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.,Laboratorio de Virologia, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Rodovia Rovilho Bortoluzzi, SC 480, Km 3.5, Xanxere, SC, 89820-000, Brazil
| | - Mitchel V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Alaine Buysse
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Anna Mohr
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2175 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. .,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Involvement of herpesviruses in cases of abortion among water buffaloes in southern Italy. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:719-729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
4
|
Alling CR, Liu CC, Langohr IM, Haque M, Carter RT, Baker RE, Lewin AC. Assessment of Cidofovir for Treatment of Ocular Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Infection in Cattle Using an Ex-Vivo Model. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102102. [PMID: 34696532 PMCID: PMC8540818 DOI: 10.3390/v13102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection contributes to keratoconjunctivitis, respiratory disease, and reproductive losses in cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate ophthalmic antiviral agent for BoHV-1 inhibition using in-vitro culture and novel ex-vivo bovine corneal modeling. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of BoHV-1 were determined for cidofovir, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, and trifluridine via in-vitro plaque reduction assays. In-vitro cytotoxicity was compared amongst these compounds via luciferase assays. Trifluridine and cidofovir were the most potent BoHV-1 inhibitors in vitro, while trifluridine and idoxuridine were the most cytotoxic agents. Therefore, cidofovir was the most potent non-cytotoxic agent and was employed in the ex-vivo corneal assay. Corneoscleral rings (n = 36) from fresh cadaver bovine globes were harvested and equally divided into an uninfected, untreated control group; a BoHV-1-infected, untreated group; and a BoHV-1-infected, cidofovir-treated group. Virus isolation for BoHV-1 titers was performed from corneal tissue and liquid media. Histologic measurements of corneal thickness, epithelial cell density, and tissue organization were compared between groups. Substantial BoHV-1 replication was observed in infected, untreated corneas, but BoHV-1 titer was significantly reduced in cidofovir-treated (1.69 ± 0.08 × 103 PFU/mL) versus untreated (8.25 ± 0.25 × 105 PFU/mL, p < 0.0001) tissues by day 2 of culture. No significant differences in histologic criteria were observed between groups. In conclusion, cidofovir warrants further investigation as treatment for BoHV-1 keratoconjunctivitis, with future studies needed to assess in-vivo tolerability and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Alling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (I.M.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Muzammel Haque
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (I.M.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Renee T. Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Rose E. Baker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
| | - Andrew C. Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.R.A.); (C.-C.L.); (R.T.C.); (R.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dağalp SB, Babaoglu AR, Doğan F, Farzani TA, Alkan F. An assessment of bovine herpes virus 4 as a causative agent in abortions and neonatal death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 87:e1-e5. [PMID: 32129636 PMCID: PMC7059244 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous viruses, including bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpes virus 4 (BoHV-4), and other pathogens are the most common causes of reproductive disorders and are responsible for huge economic losses in livestock production. This study investigates the aetiological role of BoHV-4 in fertility problems such as abortions, stillbirth and birth with unviable calves. Retrospective samples from 38 animals, including 17 aborting cows, 17 aborted foetuses, three stillborn calves and one unviable newborn calf were analysed. The BoHV-4 genome was detected in 25 (65.7%) animals by polymerase chain reaction. In 14 of these infected animals, we detected co-infection with BVDV, while the co-presence of BoHV-1 was also detected in one animal. In addition to the high prevalence of BoHV-4 genome in materials related to fertility problems, isolation of BoHV-4 from the brain of one stillborn calf indicated a causal link between BoHV-4 and fertility problems, such as abortion, stillbirths or birth with unviable calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seval B Dağalp
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chanrot M, Blomqvist G, Guo Y, Ullman K, Juremalm M, Bage R, Donofrio G, Valarcher JF, Humblot P. Bovine herpes virus type 4 alters TNF-α and IL-8 profiles and impairs the survival of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:225-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Gagnon CA, Traesel CK, Music N, Laroche J, Tison N, Auger JP, Music S, Provost C, Bellehumeur C, Abrahamyan L, Carman S, DesCôteaux L, Charette SJ. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canadian Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Strain and the Possible Link between the Viral Infection and Respiratory and Reproductive Clinical Manifestations in Dairy Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:92. [PMID: 28670580 PMCID: PMC5472674 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a herpesvirus widespread in cattle populations, and with no clear disease association. Its genome contains a long unique coding region (LUR) flanked by polyrepetitive DNA and 79 open reading frames (ORFs), with unique 17 ORFs, named Bo1 to Bo17. In 2009, a BoHV-4 strain was isolated (FMV09-1180503: BoHV-4-FMV) from cattle with respiratory disease from Quebec, Canada, and its LUR was sequenced. Despite the overall high similarity, BoHV-4-FMV had the most divergent LUR sequence compared to the two known BoHV-4 reference strain genomes; most of the divergences were in the Bo genes and in the repeat regions. Our phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase genes revealed that virus isolate was BoHV-4 gammaherpesvirus and clustered it together with European BoHV-4 strains. Because BoHV-4-FMV was isolated from animals presenting respiratory signs, we have updated the BoHV-4 Canadian cattle seroprevalence data and tried to find out whether there is a link between clinical manifestation and BoHV-4 seropositivity. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed with nearly 200 randomized sera of dairy cattle from two Canadian provinces, Quebec (n = 100) and Ontario (n = 91). An additional set of sera obtained from Quebec, from the healthy (n = 48) cows or from the animals experiencing respiratory or reproductive problems (n = 75), was also analyzed by IFA. BoHV-4 seroprevalence in Canadian dairy cattle was 7.9% (Quebec: 6% and Ontario: 9.9%). Among animals from the Quebec-based farms, diseased animals showed higher BoHV-4 seropositivity than healthy animals (P < 0.05), with a significant 2.494 odds ratio of being seropositive in sick compared to healthy animals. Although there is no established direct link between BoHV-4 and specific diseases, these seroprevalence data suggest the possible involvement of BoHV-4 in dairy cattle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Gagnon
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina Kist Traesel
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nedzad Music
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Laroche
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tison
- Département des Sciences cliniques, FMV, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sanela Music
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Chantale Provost
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bellehumeur
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Susy Carman
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luc DesCôteaux
- Département des Sciences cliniques, FMV, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Steve J Charette
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lednicky JA, Waltzek TB, McGeehan E, Loeb JC, Hamilton SB, Luetke MC. Isolation and genetic characterization of human coronavirus NL63 in primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells obtained from a commercial supplier, and confirmation of its replication in two different types of human primary kidney cells. Virol J 2013; 10:213. [PMID: 23805916 PMCID: PMC3716658 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryopreserved primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) were obtained from a commercial supplier for studies of Simian virus 40 (SV40). Within twelve hrs after cell cultures were initiated, cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared in many of the RPTEC. The RPTEC henceforth deteriorated rapidly. Since SV40 induces the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, this batch of RPTEC was rejected for the SV40 study. Nevertheless, we sought the likely cause(s) of the deterioration of the RPTEC as part of our technology development efforts. Methods Adventitious viruses in the RPTEC were isolated and/or detected and identified by isolation in various indicator cell lines, observation of cytopathology, an immunoflurorescence assay, electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing. Results Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was detected in some RPTEC by cytology, an immunofluorescence assay, and PCR. Human Herpesvirus 6B was detected by PCR of DNA extracted from the RPTEC, but was not isolated. Human coronavirus NL63 was isolated and identified by RT-PCR and sequencing, and its replication in a fresh batch of RPTEC and another type of primary human kidney cells was confirmed. Conclusions At least 3 different adventitious viruses were present in the batch of contaminated RPTEC. Whereas we are unable to determine whether the original RPTEC were pre-infected prior to their separation from other kidney cells, or had gotten contaminated with HCoV-NL63 from an ill laboratory worker during their preparation for commercial sale, our findings are a reminder that human-derived biologicals should always be considered as potential sources of infectious agents. Importantly, HCoV-NL63 replicates to high titers in some primary human kidney cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Lednicky
- Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Box 100188, Gainesville, FL 32610-0188, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali H, Ali AA, Atta MS, Cepica A. Common, Emerging, Vector-Borne and Infrequent Abortogenic Virus Infections of Cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:11-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Egyed L, Sassi G, Tibold J, Mádl I, Szenci O. Symptomless intrauterine transmission of bovine herpesvirus 4 to bovine fetuses. Microb Pathog 2011; 50:322-5. [PMID: 21354299 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples of 31 healthy calves and their dams taken immediately after calving before colostrum uptake, and at days 11, 23 and 8 weeks, spleens of seven stillborn calves were analysed in order to determine the source and time of bovine herpesvirus type 4 infection. All the calves were born as seronegatives, while all cattle were seropositives. Viral DNA were amplified by a nested PCR assay from 54.8% of peripheral blood leukocyte samples of newborn calves taken before colostrum uptake, and from all cattle and from their colostrums. Real time PCR detected higher virus level in peripheral blood leukocytes in adult cattle, then in their newborn calves. Bovine semen cells (spermatozoa and leukocyte fractions), spleens of stillborn calves also carried viral genomes. Our results prove, that bovine fetuses can be infected in utero by BoHV-4, but are born as seronegatives. After human examples this is the first report in veterinary virology on intrauterine transmission of a herpesvirus without acute consequences. This phenomenon could explain the low antigenicity of BoHV-4 proteins and lack of neutralizating antibodies. BoHV-4, a gammaherpesvirus, could serve as an animal model for studying inapparent herpesviral infections of human fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Egyed
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18. 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Redaelli M, Mucignat-Caretta C, Cavaggioni A, Caretta A, D'Avella D, Denaro L, Cavirani S, Donofrio G. Bovine herpesvirus 4 based vector as a potential oncolytic-virus for treatment of glioma. Virol J 2010; 7:298. [PMID: 21047419 PMCID: PMC2984596 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of gene therapy for malignant gliomas is still under study and the use of specific vectors represents an important contribution. Here, we investigated bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), which is non-pathogenic if injected into the rodent brain. We show that the vector can infect mouse, rat and human glioma cell lines and primary cultures obtained from human glioblastoma in vitro. BoHV-4 was injected into a tumour grown in rat brain. Although virus expression was scattered across the tumour mass, it was mainly located in the peripheral area of larger gliomas. These data support BoHV-4 as a candidate vector for glioma treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cellular targeting of engineered heterologous antigens is a determinant factor for bovine herpesvirus 4-based vaccine vector development. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:1675-86. [PMID: 19793901 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00224-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, an apathogenic strain of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome and expressing a chimeric peptide (gE2/gD) as a secreted form was described. Recombinant virus-inoculated animals produced antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gE2 and BoHV-1 gD. However, neutralizing antibodies were produced only against BVDV, not against BoHV-1. In the present work a recombinant BoHV-4 expressing a membrane-linked form of gE2/gD chimeric peptide was constructed, and inoculated rabbits produced serum-neutralizing antibodies against both BVDV and BoHV-1. Protein cell sorting and targeting are a very important issue when immunodominant antigens are engineered for recombinant virus vaccine development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Deim Z, Szeredi L, Tompó V, Egyed L. Detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 in aborted bovine placentas. Microb Pathog 2006; 41:144-8. [PMID: 16950594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic studies on aborted placentas of cattle usually do not determine any reason for abortions. In this paper, five bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs) and some bacteriological agents were investigated by several methods in 33 aborted bovine placentas. Inclusion bodies, PCR and in situ DNA hybridization proved the presence of BoHV-4 DNA in six (18.18%) tested placentas. Positive DNA hybridization signal localized BoHV-4 DNA to placental epithelial cells macrophages and lymphocytes. By destroying epithelial cells and provoking local immune response BoHV-4 infection may inhibit physiological functions of the placenta during gestation. This finding is a further sign that BoHV-4 plays an active role in reproductive disorders of cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Deim
- National Veterinary Institute,Department of Mammal Pathology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fábián K, Ivanics R, Terényi M, Egyed L. Detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 in CD11b+ leukocytes of experimentally infected rabbits. Acta Vet Hung 2005; 53:265-73. [PMID: 15959985 DOI: 10.1556/avet.53.2005.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence and numbers of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) infected CD11b+ leukocytes were investigated during experimental infections of New Zealand White rabbits by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) analysis. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were collected every second day, and the cells were stained with phycoerythrin-labelled CD11b-specific mouse monoclonal antibody and fluorescein-conjugated bovine herpesvirus 4-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. The numbers of double-stained cells from PBLs of the control and inoculated groups were measured and compared in FACSTREK analyser. Double-stained cells were detected in the virus-inoculated group on postinoculation days (PID) 2-5 and 9-12. The results indicated that CD11b+ PBLs were permissive for BoHV-4 infection, and are probably the main reservoir of the virus during the latent period. The data did not indicate production of infectious viral particles, but virus-specific proteins were expressed on the surface of CD11b+ cells. The two waves of double-stained cells gave similar results to the PCR assays from serum samples, which showed the presence of viral DNA in the serum on the same days when virus-infected CD11b cells were also present. Productive BoHV-4 infection of mast cells or undifferentiated leukocytes in the bone marrow and the antiviral immune response might be responsible for this periodic appearance of the virus in CD11b+ PBLs and in the serum. The paper provides evidence that CD11b+ PBLs are the main target cell populations in the blood for BoHV-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Fábián
- Institute for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang SJ, Lin TM, Shi GY, Eng HL, Chen HY, Wu HL. Inhibition of bovine herpesvirus-4 replication by arsenite through downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. J Biomed Sci 2005; 11:500-10. [PMID: 15153785 DOI: 10.1007/bf02256099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of bovine arterial endothelial (BAE) cells with bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) induced biphasic activation of one of the cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) downstream targets, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). ERK activity reached a maximum within 0.5 h postinfection (h.p.i.), and had declined and returned to basal levels by 2 h.p.i. However, at 18- 24 h.p.i., a second phase of increased ERK activation occurred. Treatment of BHV-4-infected BAE cells with either U0126, a potent inhibitor of MAPK/ERK kinase, or arsenite dose-dependently blocked ERK activation and inhibited viral DNA synthesis and viral replication in the culture. Further detailed investigations revealed that transcription of viral immediate-early gene 2 (IE-2), which is required for viral DNA replication, was significantly suppressed by both U0126 and arsenite. These results imply that ERK activation may play a pivotal role in herpesvirus replication, and that inhibition of ERK activation can effectively inhibit viral IE protein synthesis and viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kálmán D, Jánosi S, Egyed L. Role of bovine herpesvirus 4 in bacterial bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 2004; 37:125-9. [PMID: 15351035 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the role played by bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) in bovine mastitis, PCR experiments were performed on a Hungarian dairy herd of 2000 cows. Milk cells were tested with a nested PCR adjusted to detect the virus in the milk. Thirty to forty-one percentage of the udders of 101 cows with bacterial mastitis (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis or Staphylococcus aureus) gave positive results, whereas less than 6% of the milk samples were positive for BoHV-4 from 118 animals with healthy udders. The mastitis status of these 118 healthy cows was followed throughout the milking period; 4.2% had clinical, and 25.42% had subclinical mastitis. By the end of the milking period, more than 90% of the cows shed the virus in their milk, regardless of the bacterial status of the udder. No correlation was found between the virus shed, the somatic cell count, and the bacterial status of the udder. Viral DNA was detected in the wall of the milk duct. These results demonstrate that BoHV-4 neither causes mastitis directly nor plays a role in the initiation of the process, but later, when bacterial infection of the udder occurs, the reactivated virus replicates in the immune cells of the udder and/or in the epithelial cells of the milk ducts and may be responsible for more severe, prolonged mastitis. As mastitis is a crucial problem of milk production, this virus may be considered a possible predisposing factor and also an agent of secondary udder infections in prolonged mastitis cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kálmán
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The two bovine gammaherpesviruses (Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, AlHV-1; Bovine herpesvirus 4, BoHV-4) are distributed worldwide in cattle populations. Since the animals are frequently infected latently with no or low seropositivity, a DNA based diagnostic method would be useful for surveys and detection of these viruses. In the present study a nested duplex PCR was established for the sensitive and specific simultaneous detection of both viruses. The primers were designed for the gene of the major capsid protein (ORF25). The assay did not amplify the capsid gene sequence of 10 related bovine herpesviruses and other gammaherpesviruses. The test was able to detect 1pfu (plaque forming unit) of AlHV-1 and BoHV-4. Among 146 clinical samples (lymph nodes and peripheral blood leukocytes, PBLs) 65 (44.52%) were found to be positives for AlHV-1 and 84 (57.53%) for BoHV-4. This nested duplex PCR assay could serve as a useful diagnostic method for rapid, sensitive, specific simultaneous detection of the two bovine gammaherpesviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Fábián
- Institute for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Budapest, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Egyed L, Baska F. Histological lesions in vascular tissues of bovine herpes virus type 4-infected rabbits. Vet Microbiol 2003; 91:1-10. [PMID: 12441227 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-herpes virus bovine herpes virus type 4 (BoHV-4) is distributed worldwide in cattle populations with unknown pathogenicity. Bovine endothelial cells were recently shown to be susceptible to BoHV-4 infection in vitro and this virus accelerated the cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic process in rabbits. In this study, the in vivo effect of BoHV-4 on cardiovascular tissue was investigated by intravenous infection of rabbits fed a cholesterol free diet. Inflammatory lesions of vascular tissue in aortic and valvular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells were detected by H&E staining, PCR, IF, EM immunohistochemistry, while virus isolation was used to detect virus particles. Acute and chronic vasculitis, signs of chronic endocarditis, with mononuclear cell accumulation and a fresh thrombus was found. Herpes viruses have already been thought to initiate cardio-vascular disorders, now this paper shows that a bovine gamma-herpes virus could also be a causative agent of vascular lesions in mammals fed a normal diet. BoHV-4-infection of rabbits could serve as a useful animal model for research into virus-induced human cardio-vascular diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/virology
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Dexamethasone/metabolism
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary
- Heart/virology
- Herpesviridae Infections/pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Bovine/growth & development
- Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/virology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Rabbits/virology
- Vasculitis/veterinary
- Vasculitis/virology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Egyed
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|