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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Liao H, Hu J, Xiao X. Crosstalk Between Gastric Cancer and Adjacent Mucosa Reveals EDN1-EDNRA-Mediated Regulation of Cancer Stemness and Immunomodulation Networks. J Cell Mol Med 2025; 29:e70547. [PMID: 40245183 PMCID: PMC12005395 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Within the complex system of gastric cancer, the tumour microenvironment mediates a complex network of cellular interactions, yet its tissue-specific intracellular communication patterns have remained poorly understood. Leveraging cutting-edge single-cell RNA sequencing, we investigated two independent research studies (GSE183904 and GSE184198), creating an unprecedented map of cellular crosstalk across gastric cancer tissues, their adjacent normal tissue and gastric mucosa (GM). Our systematic analysis revealed two distinct patterns: 7557 distinct interactions from normal tissue to tumour cells, while gastric mucosa engaged in 7320 unique interactions with malignant conditions. Within this cellular network, the endothelin pathway emerged as a key regulator, specifically increased in gastric mucosa-to-tumour interaction. The Cancer Genome Atlas data demonstrated that patients harbouring elevated EDNRA expression faced significantly poorer outcomes. EDNRA, previously underexplored in this context, showed remarkable upregulation across diverse gastric cancer cell lines. Through experimental validation, we demonstrated that EDNRA overexpression, when stimulated by endothelin-1, dramatically accelerated the proliferation of human gastric epithelial GSE-1 cells. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of EDNRA using ABT-627 suppressed both NCI-N87 and MKN-28 gastric cancer cells proliferation. Further mechanistic investigation revealed the molecular mechanism of ABT-627: simultaneously triggering both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic cascades. TISIDB analysis revealed significant positive correlations between EDNRA and multiple immunostimulators, suggesting the role of EDNRA in immunomodulation networks. These findings reveal a previously unidentified connection between gastric mucosa and tumour progression, positioning EDNRA not only as a molecular target, but also as a critical mediator of tissue-specific cancer communication. In conclusion, EDNRA functions as both a regulatory factor and therapeutic target, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for gastric cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal TumorZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan CityHubei ProvincePeople's Republic of China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Institute of Health Inspection and TestingHubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhanHubeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Liao
- Department of Medical Services SectionTaihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Occupational Disease Prevention and Control DepartmentCenter for Disease Control and Prevention of Yangtze River Navigation AdministrationWuhanHubeiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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Tzeng HE, Tang CH, Tsai CH, Chiu CH, Wu MH, Yen Y. ET-1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via the microRNA-489-3p /TWIST Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5005-5018. [PMID: 34675545 PMCID: PMC8502871 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes almost 90% of head and neck malignancies and has a poor prognosis. To improve the efficacy of OSCC therapy, it is of great significance to explore other therapy for OSCC. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, ET-1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of human cancers. We further to found that ET-1 exposure induced EMT in human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines SCC4 and SAS, by enhancing the expression of EMT biomarkers N-cadherin and vimentin and reducing E-cadherin expression via upregulation of the transcription factor TWIST. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell motility was examined by migration, invasion and wound-healing assays. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of ET-1 on miRNAs expression in oral cancer cells. We demonstrate an intravenous injection model of lung metastasis followed by an advanced method for quantifying metastatic tumor using image analysis software. RESULTS In addition, ET-1/ETAR reduced levels of microRNA-489-3p (miR-489-3p), a transcriptional repressor of TWIST. We have identified a novel bypass mechanism through which ET-1/ETAR are involved in TWIST signaling and downregulate miR-489-3p expression, enabling OSCC cells to acquire the EMT phenotype. Notably, ET-1 knockdown dramatically decreased levels of EMT markers and cell migration potential. CONCLUSION The role of ET-1 in OSCC progression is supported by our findings from an in vivo murine model of OSCC. ET-1 may therefore represent a novel molecular therapeutic target in OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program & Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huan Wu
- Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bachelor of Science in Senior Wellness and Sport Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Down syndrome iPSC model: endothelial perspective on tumor development. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3387-3404. [PMID: 32934781 PMCID: PMC7486695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), known as Down syndrome (DS), is a widely studied chromosomal abnormality. Previous studies have shown that DS individuals have a unique cancer profile. While exhibiting low solid tumor prevalence, DS patients are at risk for hematologic cancers, such as acute megakaryocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We speculated that endothelial cells are active players in this clinical background. To this end, we hypothesized that impaired DS endothelial development and functionality, impacted by genome-wide T21 alterations, potentially results in a suboptimal endothelial microenvironment with the capability to prevent solid tumor growth. To test this hypothesis, we assessed molecular and phenotypic differences of endothelial cells differentiated from Down syndrome and euploid iPS cells. Microarray, RNA-Seq, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that most significantly expressed genes belong to angiogenic, cytoskeletal rearrangement, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, the majority of these genes are not located on Chromosome 21. To substantiate these findings, we carried out functional assays. The obtained phenotypic results correlated with the molecular data and showed that Down syndrome endothelial cells exhibit decreased proliferation, reduced migration, and a weak TNF-α inflammatory response. Based on this data, we provide a set of genes potentially associated with Down syndrome’s elevated leukemic incidence and its unfavorable solid tumor microenvironment—highlighting the potential use of these genes as therapeutic targets in translational cancer research.
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Madan RA, Antonarakis ES, Drake CG, Fong L, Yu EY, McNeel DG, Lin DW, Chang NN, Sheikh NA, Gulley JL. Putting the Pieces Together: Completing the Mechanism of Action Jigsaw for Sipuleucel-T. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:562-573. [PMID: 32145020 PMCID: PMC7301097 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy that induces an immune response targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) to treat asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the phase III IMPACT study, sipuleucel-T was associated with a statistically significantly increased overall survival (OS) (median = 4.1 months) vs placebo. Patients with baseline prostate-specific antigen levels in the lowest quartile (≤22.1 ng/mL) exhibited a 13-month improvement in OS with sipuleucel-T. Together, this led sipuleucel-T to be approved and recommended as first-line therapy in various guidelines for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review discusses the varied findings about the mechanisms of action of sipuleucel-T, bringing them together to form a more coherent picture. These pieces include inducing a statistically significant increase in antigen-presenting cell activation; inducing a peripheral immune response specific to the target (PAP) and/or immunizing (PA2024) antigens; stimulating systemic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity; and mediating antigen spread (ie, increased antibody responses to secondary proteins in addition to PAP and PA2024). Each of these pieces individually correlates with OS. Sipuleucel-T also traffics T cells to the prostate and is associated with long-term immune memory such that a second course of treatment induces an anamnestic immune response. Prostate cancer does not have a strongly inflamed microenvironment, thus its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. Because sipuleucel-T is able to traffic T cells to the tumor, it may be an ideal combination partner with immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors or with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Madan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Charles G Drake
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel W Lin
- University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - James L Gulley
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fu W, Wu X, Yang Z, Mi H. The effect of miR-124-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer by targeting EDNRB. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1154-1162. [PMID: 31572460 PMCID: PMC6764309 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.78743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) is a potential target gene of miR-124-3p, but the association between miR-124-3p and EDNRB has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-124-3p in bladder cancer (BC) and to determine whether miR-124-3p regulates cell proliferation by targeting EDNRB. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bladder cancer tissues and cell lines were obtained in order to analyze the miR-124-3p and EDNRB expression through quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to confirm the relationship between miR-124-3p and EDNRB. The manipulation of miR-124-3p and EDNRB expression was achieved through cell transfection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTS assay, colony forming assay and flow cytometry. A nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to detect the effects of miR-124-3p in vivo. RESULTS There was an inverse correlation between the expression of miR-124-3p and EDNRB; miR-124-3p was down-regulated and EDNRB was up-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines. MiR-124-3p was observed to target EDNRB and suppress its expression. Other studies have suggested that the transfection of miR-124-3p mimics and EDNRB siRNA can suppress BC cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS miR-124-3p regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells by suppressing EDNRB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Fu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Mi
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Lin HC, Su SL, Lin WC, Lin AH, Yang YC, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and endothelin 1 expression through the heme oxygenase 1/CO/cGMP/MKP-5 pathways in EA.hy926 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:269-279. [PMID: 29165873 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent found in Andrographis paniculata. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor with pro-inflammatory properties secreted in response to hypoxia. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP-5) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates threonine and tyrosine residues of MAPKs. We showed previously that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and ET-1 secretion are dependent on p38 MAPK in EA.hy926 cells. Here, we investigate what role MKP-5 plays in andrographolide's inhibition of hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and ET-1. Hypoxic conditions were created using the hypoxia-mimetic agent CoCl2 . Andrographolide enhanced HO-1 and MKP-5 expression and cellular cGMP content in addition to inhibiting hypoxia-induced ROS generation. Concomitantly, the HO-1 byproduct CO and the cGMP analogue 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) increased MKP-5 expression, and pretreatment with CO and 8-Br-cGMP inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and ET-1 expression. Transfection of HO-1 siRNA or pretreatment with the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP-9 or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduced andrographolide-induced MKP-5 expression. Moreover, silencing MKP-5 or treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor vanadate abrogated andrographolide's suppressing hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK activation and HIF-1α expression. The inhibition of hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and ET-1 expression by andrographolide is likely associated with HO-1/CO/cGMP/MKP-5 pathways, which is involved in inhibiting hypoxia-induced p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Li Su
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu MH, Huang PH, Hsieh M, Tsai CH, Chen HT, Tang CH. Endothelin-1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human chondrosarcoma cells by repressing miR-300. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70232-70246. [PMID: 27602960 PMCID: PMC5342549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin predominantly composed of cartilage-producing cells. This type of bone cancer is extremely resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, but is often difficult and not always practical for metastatic disease, so more effective treatments are needed. In particular, it would be helpful to identify molecular markers as targets for therapeutic intervention. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been shown to enhance chondrosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis. We report that ET-1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human chondrosarcoma cells. EMT is a key pathological event in cancer progression, during which epithelial cells lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity and adopt an invasive phenotype. Our study verifies that ET-1 induces the EMT phenotype in chondrosarcoma cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In addition, we show that ET-1 increases EMT by repressing miR-300, which plays an important role in EMT-enhanced tumor metastasis. We also show that miR-300 directly targets Twist, which in turn results in a negative regulation of EMT. We found a highly positive correlation between ET-1 and Twist expression levels as well as tumor stage in chondrosarcoma patient specimens. Therefore, ET-1 may represent a potential novel molecular therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Huan Wu
- Physical Education Office, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin HC, Su SL, Lu CY, Lin AH, Lin WC, Liu CS, Yang YC, Wang HM, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α-driven endothelin 1 secretion by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and promoting the expression of prolyl hydroxylases 2/3 in human endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:918-930. [PMID: 27297870 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide, the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. Endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, displays proinflammatory property. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the regulatory member of the transcription factor heterodimer HIF-1α/β, is one of the most important molecules that responds to hypoxia. Changes in cellular HIF-1α protein level are the result of altered gene transcription and protein stability, with the latter being dependent on prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). In this study, inhibition of pro-inflammatory ET-1 expression and changes of HIF-1α gene transcription and protein stability under hypoxia by andrographolide in EA.hy926 endothelial-like cells were investigated. Hypoxic conditions were created using the hypoxia-mimetic agent CoCl2. We found that hypoxia stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein, and the expression and secretion of ET-1. These effects, however, were attenuated by co-exposure to andrographolide, bilirubin, and RuCO. Silencing Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) reversed the inhibitory effects of andrographolide on hypxoia-induced HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, andrographolide increased the expression of prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) 2/3, which hydroxylate HIF-1α and promotes HIF-1α proteasome degradation, with an increase in HIF-1α hydroxylation was noted under hypoxia. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abrogated the hypoxia-induced increases in HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression as well as ET-1 mRNA expression and secretion. Taken together, these results suggest that andrographolide suppresses hypoxia-induced pro-inflammatory ET-1 expression by activating Nrf2/HO-1, inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling, and promoting PHD2/3 expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 918-930, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Li Su
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Miao Wang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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GuhaThakurta D, Sheikh NA, Fan LQ, Kandadi H, Meagher TC, Hall SJ, Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Small EJ, Gardner TA, Bailey K, Vu T, DeVries T, Whitmore JB, Frohlich MW, Trager JB, Drake CG. Humoral Immune Response against Nontargeted Tumor Antigens after Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Its Association with Improved Clinical Outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3619-30. [PMID: 25649018 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antitumor activity of cancer immunotherapies may elicit immune responses to nontargeted (secondary) tumor antigens, or antigen spread. We evaluated humoral antigen spread after treatment with sipuleucel-T, an immunotherapy for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), designed to target prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP; primary antigen). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Serum samples from patients with mCRPC enrolled in the placebo-controlled phase III IMPACT study (evaluable n = 142) were used to assess humoral antigen spread after treatment with sipuleucel-T. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to self-antigens (including tumor antigens) were surveyed using protein microarrays and confirmed using Luminex xMAP. IgG responses were subsequently validated in ProACT (n = 33), an independent phase II study of sipuleucel-T. Association of IgG responses with overall survival (OS) was assessed using multivariate Cox models adjusted for baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase levels. RESULTS In patients from IMPACT and ProACT, levels of IgG against multiple secondary antigens, including PSA, KLK2/hK2, K-Ras, E-Ras, LGALS8/PCTA-1/galectin-8, and LGALS3/galectin-3, were elevated after treatment with sipuleucel-T (P < 0.01), but not control. IgG responses (≥ 2-fold elevation posttreatment) occurred in ≥ 25% of patients, appeared by 2 weeks after sipuleucel-T treatment, and persisted for up to 6 months. IgG responses to PSA and LGALS3 were associated with improved OS in sipuleucel-T-treated patients from IMPACT (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sipuleucel-T induced humoral antigen spread in patients with mCRPC. IgG responses were associated with improved OS in IMPACT. The methods and results reported may identify pharmacodynamic biomarkers of clinical outcome after sipuleucel-T treatment, and help in clinical assessments of other cancer immunotherapies. See related commentary by Hellstrom and Hellstrom, p. 3581.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Qun Fan
- Dendreon Corporation, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Simon J Hall
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celestia S Higano
- University of Washington School of Medicine and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric J Small
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Tuyen Vu
- Dendreon Corporation, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles G Drake
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.
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10
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Mitrakas L, Gravas S, Karasavvidou F, Dimakopoulos G, Moutzouris G, Tzortzis V, Koukoulis G, Papandreou C, Melekos M. Endothelin-1 overexpression: a potential biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4699-705. [PMID: 25627007 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a multifunctional peptide exerting its effects via receptors A and B. ET-1 and its receptors, endothelin axis (ET axis), play a promoting role in cancer biology. Alterations of proteins of ET axis have been detected in non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMMIBC). The objective of this study is to investigate the potential role of ET-1 tumor expression as a biomarker of prognosis, compared to other prognostic parameters (epidemiologic and pathologic), in NMMIBC. We prospectively included 40 consecutive, primary, high-grade NMMIBC patients. Tumor specimens after initial transurethral resection were stained immunohistochemically for ET-1. The ET-1 evaluation of expression was based on staining intensity (SI) of ET-1. SI was classified according to an arbitrary four-tiered scale (negative = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2, strong = 3). Epidemiologic and pathologic parameters were analyzed, using univariate and multivariate statistics, for disease progression, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). ET-1 overexpression (SI = 3) was the unique parameter which associated significantly, both in univariate (log-rank test, p = 0.033) and multivariate (Cox regression analysis, p = 0.045, HR = 4.849, 95 % CI: 1.039-22.624) analysis, with an increased hazard ratio of progression. ET-1 overexpression (SI = 3) was also the unique parameter which associated, marginally significantly in univariate analysis (log-rank test, p = 0.056) and highly significantly in multivariate analysis (Cox regression analysis, p = 0.005, HR = 7.001, 95 % CI: 1.782-27.501), with an increased hazard ratio of death. Overexpression of ET-1 may be a potential biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in NMMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Mitrakas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine-School of Health Sciences-University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece,
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Tanaka T, Sho M, Takayama T, Wakatsuki K, Matsumoto S, Migita K, Ito M, Hamada K, Nakajima Y. Endothelin B receptor expression correlates with tumour angiogenesis and prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:1027-33. [PMID: 24357795 PMCID: PMC3929870 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endothelin axis has been shown to have a pivotal role in several human malignancies. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical importance of endothelin receptor type B (ETBR) in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: We evaluated ETBR expression in 107 patients with OSCC by immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density were assessed by CD31 and D2-40 immunostaining, respectively. Furthermore, CD4, CD8, and CD45RO+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were immunohistochemically analysed. Results: Sixty-one (57%) cases showed high expression of ETBR. Endothelin receptor type B expression was correlated with several clinicopathological factors including tumour differentiation, tumour depth, and lymph node metastasis. The overall and disease-specific survival rates were significantly lower in patients with high ETBR expression than patients with low expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that ETBR status was an independent prognostic factor for patient survival. Mechanistic analysis indicated that MVD was significantly higher in tumour tissues with high ETBR expression compared with those with low expression, suggesting that angiogenesis may be a key mechanism in tumour progression and metastasis of OSCC mediated by ETBR expression. By contrast, there were no significant correlations between TILs and ETBR expression. Conclusion: Endothelin receptor type B has a pivotal role in oesophageal cancer and may be therapeutic target for this intractable malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - M Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - T Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - K Wakatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - K Migita
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - K Hamada
- Division of Clinical and Investigative Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Y Nakajima
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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12
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Wu MH, Chen LM, Hsu HH, Lin JA, Lin YM, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Tang CH. Endothelin-1 enhances cell migration through COX-2 up-regulation in human chondrosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Endothelin-1 promotes vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1725-35. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Targeting the endothelin axis in prostate carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:421-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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15
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Trump DL, Payne H, Miller K, de Bono JS, Stephenson J, Burris HA, Nathan F, Taboada M, Morris T, Hubner A. Preliminary study of the specific endothelin a receptor antagonist zibotentan in combination with docetaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:1264-75. [PMID: 21271613 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This two-part study assessed the safety and tolerability of combined treatment with zibotentan (ZD4054), a specific endothelin A receptor antagonist, plus docetaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS Part A was an open-label, dose-finding phase to determine the safety and toxicity profile of zibotentan in combination with docetaxel. Patients received once-daily oral zibotentan 10 mg (initial cohort) or 15 mg in combination with docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) (administered on day 1 of each 21-day cycle) for up to 10 cycles. Part B was a double-blind phase which evaluated the safety and preliminary activity of zibotentan plus docetaxel. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive zibotentan (at the highest tolerated dose identified in part A) plus docetaxel or placebo plus docetaxel. RESULTS Six patients were enrolled in part A (n = 3, zibotentan 10 mg; n = 3, zibotentan 15 mg). No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, thus zibotentan 15 mg in combination with docetaxel was evaluated in part B (n = 20, zibotentan plus docetaxel; n = 11, placebo plus docetaxel). CTCAE grade ≥3, most commonly neutropenia or leucopenia, were reported in 10 (50%) and nine (82%) patients in the zibotentan and placebo groups, respectively. One (17%) patient receiving placebo achieved complete response, two (22%) patients receiving zibotentan achieved partial response and stable disease occurred in six (67%) and three (50%) patients receiving zibotentan and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The tolerability of zibotentan plus docetaxel was consistent with the known profiles of each drug. Sufficient preliminary activity was seen with this combination to merit continued development.
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16
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Koupparis A, Casey R, Robinson M, Gleave ME. Novel targeted agents on the horizon for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6:1883-95. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation treatment in prostate cancer patients is well established; however, resistance to such treatment manifests itself by progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite significant advances in treatment options for patients with CRPC, their prognosis remains poor. Resistance results from multiple processes that facilitate cancer cell growth and survival. Mechanisms underlying the shift to castrate resistance have been attributed to a complex interplay of clonal selection, reactivation of the androgen receptor axis despite castrate levels of serum testosterone, stress-induced prosurvival genes and cytoprotective chaperone networks and alternative mitogenic growth factor pathways. This article discusses several pathways involved in the development of CRPC, with a particular focus on those mechanisms that have led to the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Koupparis
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urological Sciences, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Rowan Casey
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urological Sciences, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Michael Robinson
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urological Sciences, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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17
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Jewell AN, Swamydas M, Castillo CI, Wyan H, Allen LD, McDermott KA, Eddy JM, Dréau D. The endothelin axis stimulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-migratory molecules in breast cancer. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:932-43. [PMID: 20690805 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.496757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor dual antagonist (Bosentan®) on the inflammatory cytokines and the chemoattractant molecules associated with breast cancer growth and the development of tumor infiltration in bone explants. Immunocompetent mice implanted with the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells in a skin-fold chamber and treated with Bosentan® had reduced tumor growth (p < .05). ET-1 promoted the secretion of the anti-inflammatory soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and IL12 p40 in vitro. The Bosentan® treatment in vivo was associated with a local increase of the anti-inflammatory IL-1α cytokine concentration and decrease of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-17 cytokine concentrations (p < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Jewell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina—Charlotte, USA
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18
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Keltai K, Cervenak L, Makó V, Doleschall Z, Zsáry A, Karádi I. Doxorubicin selectively suppresses mRNA expression and production of endothelin-1 in endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:209-14. [PMID: 20709190 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DXR) is a widely used cytostatic agent, but its administration is limited by its cardiovascular side effects. The endothelium is one of the largest organs in the human body and due to its direct contact with blood; it is exposed to the toxic effects of DXR. The aim of this study was to investigate in endothelial cells the effects of DXR on the expression of genes involved in cardiovascular diseases. We used in vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a model; gene expression was assessed by SuperArray and qPCR. Out of the 96 representative genes of cardiovascular importance, the expression of only the ET-1 gene changed significantly. ET-1 mRNA expression was 10.9% of the untreated control (p=0.0049). This result was confirmed by qPCR (2.41% of control, p=0.0022). DXR also suppressed ET-1 production at protein level (p=0.0116). Both the early decrease in endothelial ET-1 production in the presence of DXR and the high plasma level of DXR during chemotherapy may influence the toxic effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Keltai
- Semmelweis University, 3rd Dept of Medicine, 4. Kutvolgyi u., Budapest H-1125, Hungary.
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19
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Hudson LG, Zeineldin R, Silberberg M, Stack MS. Activated epidermal growth factor receptor in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2009; 149:203-26. [PMID: 19763438 PMCID: PMC3701255 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-98094-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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20
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Editorial comment on: Expression of the endothelin axis in noninvasive and superficially invasive bladder cancer: relation to clinicopathologic and molecular prognostic parameters. Eur Urol 2008; 56:846-7. [PMID: 18945536 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Montironi R, Cheng L, Mazzucchelli R, Santinelli A, Bono A, Lopez-Beltran A. Putative tissue markers in prostate cancer. Urologia 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030807500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of putative prostate cancer markers have been described in human serum, urine, seminal fluid, and histological specimens. These markers exhibit varying capacities to detect prostate cancer and to predict disease course. In order to be considered markers for diagnosis or prognosis of disease course, and to be brought forward for large-scale clinical evaluation, they should fulfill several criteria. Firstly, there should be a biological or therapeutic rationale for choosing the marker, or at least a consistent association with disease presence, disease characteristics such as stage, or disease aggressiveness. Secondly, there should be an assessment of the strength of marker association with disease outcome. Thirdly, the marker should be assessed as an independent predictor in a multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R. Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Santinelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Bono
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology, University of Cordoba Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Microarrays--identifying molecular portraits for prostate tumors with different Gleason patterns. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2008; 141:131-51. [PMID: 18453088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-148-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We present in this chapter the combined use of several recently introduced methodologies for the analysis of microarray datasets. These computational techniques are varied in type and very powerful when combined. We have selected a prostate cancer dataset which is available in the public domain to allow for further comparisons with existing methods. The task is to identify biomarkers that correlate with the clinical phenotype of interest, i.e., Gleason patterns 3, 4, and 5. A supervised method, based on the mathematical formalism of (alpha, beta)-k-feature sets (1), is used to select differentially expressed genes. After these "molecular signatures" are identified, we applied an unsupervised method (a memetic algorithm) to order the samples (2). The objective is to maximize a global measure of correlation in the two-dimensional display of gene expression profiles. With the resulting ordering and taxonomy we are able to identify samples that have been assigned a certain Gleason pattern, and have gene expression patterns different from most of the other samples in the group. We reiterate the approach to obtain molecular signatures that produce coherent patterns of gene expression in each of the three Gleason pattern groups, and we analyze the statistically significant patterns of gene expression that seem to be implicated in these different stages of disease.
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23
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Montironi R, Mazzucchelli R, Barbisan F, Stramazzotti D, Santinelli A, Lòpez Beltran A, Cheng L, Montorsi F, Scarpelli M. Immunohistochemical Expression of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-A and Endothelin-B Receptors in High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2007; 52:1682-9. [PMID: 17368711 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-A receptor (ET-A-R), and endothelin-B receptor (ET-B-R) in incidental prostate cancer in cystoprostatectomies (CyPs), clinically detected hormonally untreated and hormonally treated prostate cancer in radical prostatectomies (RPs), and hormone-independent prostate cancer in transurethral resections of the prostate (TURPs). High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) was also investigated. METHODS Nineteen CyPs and 44 RPs (25 untreated, 19 treated) with pT2a Gleason score 6 cancer and HGPIN were examined. The study included 9 TURPs with hormone-independent cancer and 8 normal cases from CyPs without prostate cancer and HGPIN. ET-1, ET-A-R, ET-B-R, and the proliferation marker Ki67 were investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS The mean proportion of prostate cancer cells with strong ET-1, ET-A-R, and ET-B-R expression in CyPs was lower (18.5%, 28.0%, and 14.7%, respectively) than in the untreated group (40.7%, 39.7%, and 25.1%) and higher than in treated group (5.0%, 13.9%, and 11.3%). The highest values were in the hormone-independent cancer group (53.9%, 48.9%, 33.3%). The trend in the proportion of HGPIN cells overexpressing ET-1, ET-A-R, and ET-B-R was similar to that in the cancer groups. The values in HGPIN lesions were always slightly greater than those in the cancers. Ki67 expression in HGPIN and prostate cancer in CyPs was lower than in RPs and TURPs. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed for the first time that ET-1, ET-A-R, and ET-B-R expression is not limited to the late prostate cancer phases. It is also seen in HGPIN as well as in prostate cancers considered to be clinically insignificant, such as those seen in CyP specimens. Although the series of cases in each group was small, our data may have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy.
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24
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Targeted therapy in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Target Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-007-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Godara G, Pecher S, Jukic DM, D'Antonio JM, Akhavan A, Nelson JB, Pflug BR. Distinct patterns of endothelin axis expression in primary prostate cancer. Urology 2007; 70:209-15. [PMID: 17656249 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence supports a role for endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin A and B receptors (ET(A) and ET(B), respectively), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in the progression of prostate carcinoma. In clinical trials for advanced prostate cancer, ET axis blockade significantly delayed the time to disease progression in a subset of patients. We examined ET axis expression in prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal adjacent tissue and then analyzed the relationship of the protein levels with disease progression. METHODS The expression levels of ET(A), ET(B), and NEP were determined in 120 prostate cancer specimens obtained at surgery or biopsy by immunohistochemistry. In situ hybridization on a subset of the specimens was used to confirm the immunohistochemistry findings. RESULTS In regions of adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated high ET(A) expression in 72% of the specimens. ET(A) expression was significantly elevated with increased pathologic stage and grade. ET(B) and NEP levels were significantly decreased in adenocarcinoma compared with normal adjacent tissue and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; however, reduced expression did not correlate with tumor grade or stage. Patients with prostate-specific antigen recurrence had significantly greater ET(A) levels in their primary tumors than did patients who were disease free 5 years after prostatectomy. Patients with high ET(A) expression in the adenocarcinoma regions with low ET(B) and NEP had a significantly decreased interval to prostate-specific antigen progression compared with patients with low ET(A) or high ET(B)/NEP expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest two patterns of ET(A) expression in primary prostate cancer, with increased expression correlating with more advanced disease. The use of these expression patterns to identify patients more likely to respond to ET axis blockade might enhance treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Godara
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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26
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Xiong H, Carr RA, Locke CS, Katz DA, Achari R, Doan TT, Wang P, Jankowski JR, Sleep DJ. Dual effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of atrasentan. J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 47:423-9. [PMID: 17389551 DOI: 10.1177/0091270007299928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of rifampin, a cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, on the pharmacokinetics of atrasentan was assessed in 12 healthy male subjects in an open-label study. Single doses of atrasentan 10 mg were administered orally on days 1 and 12. Rifampin 600 mg was given once daily from days 4 through 14. On day 12, atrasentan and rifampin were administered simultaneously. Blood samples were collected before and during 72 hours after each atrasentan dose. On average, rifampin increased atrasentan peak plasma concentrations by 150% and reduced its terminal half-life by 77% (P<.05), without affecting the AUC or peak time of atrasentan. Rifampin may affect atrasentan pharmacokinetics by acting as both an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated hepatic uptake of atrasentan and an inducer of atrasentan metabolism. The effect of rifampin on atrasentan pharmacokinetics may depend on the time of rifampin administration relative to that of atrasentan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Dept. R4PK, AP13A-3, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6104, USA.
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27
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Rajeshkumar NV, Matwyshyn G, Gulati A. IRL-1620, a tumor selective vasodilator, augments the uptake and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in prostate tumor rats. Prostate 2007; 67:701-13. [PMID: 17342753 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IRL-1620, a potent endothelin B receptor agonist, enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel in a breast tumor model, but its effect in prostate cancer is not known. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of IRL-1620 on tumor perfusion, uptake of [(14)C]-doxorubicin in the tumor and efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) in a rat prostate tumor model. METHODS JHU-4 (Mat-Lu) cells inoculated prostate tumor model in Copenhagen rats was used for the study. RESULTS Administration of IRL-1620 (3 nmol/kg, i.v) significantly increased (102.8%) prostate tumor perfusion and tumor uptake of [(14)C]-doxorubicin (115%) compared to vehicle treated rats. Results of the efficacy study demonstrate that IRL-1620 administration 15 min prior to DOX (5 mg/kg) or 5-FU (50 mg/kg) on every third day for a total of four doses significantly reduced tumor volume compared to vehicle treated rats. CONCLUSIONS IRL-1620 significantly enhanced the uptake and efficacy of anticancer agents in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Rajeshkumar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Akhavan A, McHugh KH, Guruli G, Bies RR, Zamboni WC, Strychor SA, Nelson JB, Pflug BR. Endothelin receptor A blockade enhances taxane effects in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2006; 8:725-32. [PMID: 16984730 PMCID: PMC1584296 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) 1 is important in the growth of prostate cancer cells through the activation of the endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor. ET receptor blockade is a new therapeutic target in treating advanced prostate cancer. This study investigates the impact of the combination of the ET(A) antagonist atrasentan (ABT-627) and taxane chemotherapy on prostate cancer cell survival in vitro and on the delay of prostate cancer in a xenograft mouse model. In vitro, PPC-1 cells transfected with an ET(A)-overexpressing vector were treated with ABT-627, paclitaxel/docetaxel, or both. Clonogenic viability and cell death assays were used to determine cell survival and apoptosis, respectively. ABT-627 and docetaxel combination treatment was used in vivo to treat mice with established ET(A)-overexpressing PPC-1 xenograft tumors, and tumor growth rates were assessed. Cell proliferation and vascularity were determined with Ki-67 and CD31 staining, respectively. Cells treated with combination therapy had significantly fewer viable cells and more programmed cell death than cells given monotherapy. Xenograft tumor growth rates were significantly lower in mice treated with combination therapy than in animals given a single agent. Ki-67 immunostaining demonstrated significantly fewer proliferative cells following combination therapy than following monotherapy. This study demonstrates ABT-627 to have additive antitumor effects when used in combination with taxane drugs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Akhavan
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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