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Xiao T, Roland IS, Nielsen SDH, Le TT, Olesen E, Larsen LB, Poulsen NA. Variation in composition of storage proteins, minor proteins and amino acids across faba bean cultivars. Food Chem 2025; 483:144225. [PMID: 40222136 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate variations in protein profiles and amino acid (AA) compositions in faba bean seeds among 10 different cultivars. The compositions of salt-soluble proteins and AA were identified and quantified by label-free nano LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS (Triple Quadrupole), respectively. The protein contents (dry basis) in faba bean seeds were measured using the DUMAS method, ranging from 21.6 % to 26.8 %. By nano LC-MS/MS, 103 unique proteins were identified under point mutation monitoring analysis and of these, 61 proteins were quantified by label-free quantification. In all cultivars, vicilin and legumin were the most abundant proteins, respectively, varying from 16 to 39 % and 12 to 34 % of total protein content (w/w). The relative abundance of minor proteins like Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors was quantified to constitute around 1 % of the total protein content (w/w). There were 400 mg essential amino acids (EAAs) detected per gram protein, where histidine showed the highest concentration (64-82 mg/g protein) in all faba beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Xiao
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thao T Le
- AUT Centre for Future Foods, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Esben Olesen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
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Chen Y, Li D, Xu Y, Lu Z, Luo Z. 5-Azacytidine accelerates mandarin fruit post-ripening and enhances lignin-based pathogen defense through remarkable gene expression activation. Food Chem 2024; 458:140261. [PMID: 38964094 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
5-Azacytidine (AZ) is a DNA methylation inhibitor that has recently demonstrated potential in regulating fruit quality through exogenous application. In this study, we treated mandarin fruits for 4-day storage. Noteworthy were the induced degreening and the enhanced citrus aroma of fruits under AZ treatment, involving the promotion of chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, and limonene biosynthesis. Key genes associated with these processes exhibited expression level increases of up to 123.8 times. Additionally, AZ treatment activated defense-related enzymes and altered phenylpropanoid carbon allocation towards lignin biosynthesis instead of flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes increased by nearly 100 times, leading to fortified lignin that is crucial for citrus defense against Penicillium italicum. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of such intense AZ-induced changes in gene expressions remain unclear and further research could help establish AZ treatment as a viable strategy for citrus preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Yang C, Wang X, Li S, Zhu X, Yu Y, Zhang S. Combined analysis of transcriptomics with metabolomics provides insights into the resistance mechanism in winter jujube using L-Methionine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108951. [PMID: 39047581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Black rots lead to great economic losses in winter jujube industry. The objective of this research was to delve into the underlying mechanisms of enhanced resistance of winter jujube fruit to black rot by L-Methionine (Met) treatment. The findings revealed that the application of Met significantly curtailed lesion diameter and decay incidence in winter jujube fruit. The peroxidase (POD) activity in the Met-treated jujubes was 3.06-fold that in the control jujubes after 4 d of treatment. By day 8, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) in the Met-treated jujubes had surged to their zenith, being 1.39, 1.22, and 1.52 times in the control group, respectively. At the end of storage, the flavonoid and total phenol content remained 1.58 and 1.06 times than that of the control group. Based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, Met treatment upregulated 6 key differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (succinic acid, trans-ferulic acid, salicylic acid, delphinium pigments, (S)-abscisic acid, and hesperidin-7-neohesperidin), 12 key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (PAL, CYP73A, COMT, 4CL, CAD, POD, UGT72E, ANS, CHS, IAA, TCH4 and PR1), which were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Further analysis revealed that the most of the enzymes, DEMs and DEGs in this study were associated with both antioxidant and disease resistance. Consequently, Met treatment enhanced disease resistance of winter jujube fruit by elevating antioxidant capacity and triggering defense response. This study might provide theoretical support for utilizing Met in the management and prevention of post-harvest black rot in winter jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Shengwang Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Xianran Zhu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China
| | - Youwei Yu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China.
| | - Shaoying Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, PR China.
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4
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Gillani SW, Teng L, Khan A, Xu Y, Powell CA, Zhang M. Fungal Diversity and Gibberellin Hormones Associated with Long Whips of Smut-Infected Sugarcanes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9129. [PMID: 39201814 PMCID: PMC11355029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum (Sydow), significantly affects sugarcane crops worldwide. Infected plants develop whip-like structures known as sori. Significant variations in these whip lengths are commonly observed, but the physiological and molecular differences causing these morphological differences remain poorly documented. To address this, we employed conventional microbe isolation, metagenomic, and metabolomic techniques to investigate smut-infected sugarcane stems and whips of varying lengths. Metagenomics analysis revealed a diverse fungal community in the sugarcane whips, with Sporisorium and Fusarium genera notably present (>1%) in long whips. Isolation techniques confirmed these findings. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis (UHPLC-MS/MS) showed high levels of gibberellin hormones (GA3, GA1, GA4, GA8, and GA7) in long whips, with GA4 and GA7 found exclusively in long whips and stems. Among the prominent genera present within long whips, Fusarium was solely positively correlated with these gibberellin (GA) hormones, with the exception of GA8, which was positively correlated with Sporisorium. KEGG enrichment analysis linked these hormones to pathways like diterpenoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. These findings suggest that Fusarium may influence GA production leading to whip elongation. Our study reveals fungal dynamics and gibberellin responses in sugarcane smut whips. Future research will explore the related molecular gibberellin synthesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Wajeeha Gillani
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.G.)
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lixiu Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.G.)
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.G.)
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.G.)
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IRREC-IFAS), University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (S.W.G.)
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Kumar T, Wang JG, Xu CH, Lu X, Mao J, Lin XQ, Kong CY, Li CJ, Li XJ, Tian CY, Ebid MHM, Liu XL, Liu HB. Genetic Engineering for Enhancing Sugarcane Tolerance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1739. [PMID: 38999579 PMCID: PMC11244436 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane, a vital cash crop, contributes significantly to the world's sugar supply and raw materials for biofuel production, playing a significant role in the global sugar industry. However, sustainable productivity is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic stressors. Genetic engineering has been used to transfer useful genes into sugarcane plants to improve desirable traits and has emerged as a basic and applied research method to maintain growth and productivity under different adverse environmental conditions. However, the use of transgenic approaches remains contentious and requires rigorous experimental methods to address biosafety challenges. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mediated genome editing technology is growing rapidly and may revolutionize sugarcane production. This review aims to explore innovative genetic engineering techniques and their successful application in developing sugarcane cultivars with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to produce superior sugarcane cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer Kumar
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agriculture, Fisheries and Co-Operative Department, Charsadda Road, Mardan 23210, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Jun Mao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xiu-Qin Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Jia Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Chun-Yan Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Mahmoud H. M. Ebid
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Xin-Long Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
| | - Hong-Bo Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China; (T.K.)
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6
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Carvalho MJ, Pedrosa SS, Mendes A, Azevedo-Silva J, Fernandes J, Pintado M, Oliveira ALS, Madureira AR. Anti-Aging Potential of a Novel Ingredient Derived from Sugarcane Straw Extract (SSE). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:21. [PMID: 38203191 PMCID: PMC10778757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural and sustainable anti-aging ingredients have gained attention from the cosmetic industry. This study evaluated the anti-aging potential of a sugarcane straw extract-based (SSE) cosmetic ingredient. First, cytotoxicity tests were assessed in keratinocytes and fibroblast cell lines, and sensitization was carried out through the direct peptide reactivity assay. Subsequently, various anti-aging properties were investigated, including inhibiting skin aging-related enzymes, promoting elastin and hyaluronic acid synthesis, and anti-pollution activity. Finally, a permeability assay using a synthetic membrane resembling skin was conducted. The results demonstrated that the SSE ingredient effectively inhibited elastase (55%), collagenase (25%), and tyrosinase (47%) while promoting hyaluronic acid production at non-cytotoxic and low-sensitizer concentrations. Moreover, it reduced the inflammatory response provoked by urban pollution, as evidenced by decreased levels of IL1-α and IL-6. However, it was observed that the phenolic compounds predominantly reached the skin's surface, indicating a limited ability to penetrate deeper layers of the skin. Therefore, it can be concluded that the SSE ingredient holds anti-aging properties, albeit with limited penetration into deeper skin layers. Further research and formulation advancements are needed to optimize the ingredient's ability to reach and exert its effects in deeper skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Carvalho
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Adélia Mendes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda., Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
| | - João Fernandes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda., Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana L. S. Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (S.S.P.); (A.M.); (J.A.-S.); (J.F.); (M.P.)
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Marchese A, Balan B, Trippa DA, Bonanno F, Caruso T, Imperiale V, Marra FP, Giovino A. NGS transcriptomic analysis uncovers the possible resistance mechanisms of olive to Spilocea oleagina leaf spot infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1219580. [PMID: 37528972 PMCID: PMC10388255 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1219580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Spilocea oleagina is a dangerous obligate fungal pathogen of olive, feared in the Mediterranean countries, causing Peacock's eye or leaf spot infection, which can lead to a serious yield loss of approximately 20% or higher depending on climatic conditions. Coping with this disease is much more problematic for organic farms. To date, knowledge on the genetic control of possible mechanisms of resistance/low susceptibility is quite limited. In this work, comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in leaf tissues of a low susceptible cultivar Koroneiki and a high susceptible cultivar Nocellara del Belice, both tested in the field using the NaOH test, considering two stages-"zero sign of disease" and "evident sign of infection". Cultivars showed a very large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both stages. 'Koroneiki' showed an extensive hormonal crosstalk, involving Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene synergistically acting with Jasmonate, with early signaling of the disease and remarkable defense responses against Spilocea through the over-expression of many resistance gene analogs or pathogenesis-related (PR) genes: non-specific lipid-transfer genes (nsLTPs), LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase genes, GDSL esterase lipase, defensin Ec-AMP-D2-like, pathogenesis-related leaf protein 6-like, Thaumatin-like gene, Mildew resistance Locus O (MLO) gene, glycine-rich protein (GRP), MADS-box genes, STH-21-like, endochitinases, glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidases, and finally, many proteinases. Numerous genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, remodeling, and cell wall-based defense, including lignin synthesis, were also upregulated in the resistant cultivar, indicating the possible role of wall composition in disease resistance. It was remarkable that many transcription factors (TS), some of which involved in Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR), as well as some also involved in abiotic stress response, were found to be uniquely expressed in 'Koroneiki', while 'Nocellara del Belice' was lacking an effective system of defense, expressing genes that overlap with wounding responses, and, to a minor extent, genes related to phenylpropanoid and terpenoid pathways. Only a Thaumatin-like gene was found in both cultivars showing a similar expression. In this work, the genetic factors and mechanism underlying the putative resistance trait against this fungal pathogen were unraveled for the first time and possible target genes for breeding resistant olive genotypes were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Marchese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Floriana Bonanno
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziano Caruso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Imperiale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giovino
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Dos Santos C, Franco OL. Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112226. [PMID: 37299204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant defense depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as defense mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a complex signaling network linking structural and biochemical defense. Antimicrobial and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- and intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR proteins are present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face a pathogen, these PRs can increase in abundance, acting as the first line of plant defense. Thus, PRs play a key role in early defense events, which can reduce the damage and mortality caused by pathogens. In this context, the present review will discuss defense response proteins, which have been identified as PRs, with enzymatic action, including constitutive enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and ribonucleases. From the technological perspective, we discuss the advances of the last decade applied to the study of these enzymes, which are important in the early events of higher plant defense against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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9
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Xie P, Yang Y, Oyom W, Su T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Prusky D, Bi Y. Chitooligosaccharide accelerated wound healing in potato tubers by promoting the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin at wounds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107714. [PMID: 37119550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a low molecular weight product of chitosan degradation. Although COS induces plant resistance by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism, there are few reports on whether COS accelerates wound healing in potato tubers by promoting the deposition of phenolic acids and lignin monomers at wounds. The results showed that COS activated phenylalanine ammonialyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and promoted the synthesis of cinnamic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acids, total phenolics and flavonoids. COS activated 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and promoted the synthesis of sinapyl, coniferyl and cinnamyl alcohols. COS also increased H2O2 levels and peroxidase activity and accelerated the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin on wounds. In addition, COS reduced weight loss and inhibited lesion expansion in tubers inoculated with Fusarium sulfureum. Taken together, COS accelerated wound healing in potato tubers by inducing phenylpropanoid metabolism and accelerating the deposition of suberin polyphenols and lignin at wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengdong Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - William Oyom
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yingbo Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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Khoshru B, Mitra D, Joshi K, Adhikari P, Rion MSI, Fadiji AE, Alizadeh M, Priyadarshini A, Senapati A, Sarikhani MR, Panneerselvam P, Mohapatra PKD, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Keswani C. Decrypting the multi-functional biological activators and inducers of defense responses against biotic stresses in plants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13825. [PMID: 36873502 PMCID: PMC9981932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are still the main problem for the reduction in crop yield and a threat to global food security. Additionally, excessive usage of chemical inputs such as pesticides and fungicides to control plant diseases have created another serious problem for human and environmental health. In view of this, the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for controlling plant disease incidences has been identified as an eco-friendly approach for coping with the food security issue. In this review, we have identified different ways by which PGPRs are capable of reducing phytopathogenic infestations and enhancing crop yield. PGPR suppresses plant diseases, both directly and indirectly, mediated by microbial metabolites and signaling components. Microbial synthesized anti-pathogenic metabolites such as siderophores, antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, and several others act directly on phytopathogens. The indirect mechanisms of reducing plant disease infestation are caused by the stimulation of plant immune responses known as initiation of systemic resistance (ISR) which is mediated by triggering plant immune responses elicited through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The ISR triggered in the infected region of the plant leads to the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) throughout the plant making the plant resistant to a wide range of pathogens. A number of PGPRs including Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera have proven their ability to stimulate ISR. However, there are still some challenges in the large-scale application and acceptance of PGPR for pest and disease management. Further, we discuss the newly formulated PGPR inoculants possessing both plant growth-promoting activities and plant disease suppression ability for a holistic approach to sustaining plant health and enhancing crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khoshru
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733 134, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuldeep Joshi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Centre for Excellence on GMP Extraction Facility (DBT, Govt. of India), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. Guwahati-781101, Assam, India
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mehrdad Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ankita Priyadarshini
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ansuman Senapati
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Periyasamy Panneerselvam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
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11
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Gallan DZ, Penteriche AB, Henrique MO, Silva-Filho MC. Sugarcane multitrophic interactions: Integrating belowground and aboveground organisms. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 46:e20220163. [PMID: 36512714 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a crop of major importance used mainly for sugar and biofuel production, and many additional applications of its byproducts are being developed. Sugarcane cultivation is plagued by many insect pests and pathogens that reduce sugarcane yields overall. Recently emerging studies have shown complex multitrophic interactions in cultivated areas, such as the induction of sugarcane defense-related proteins by insect herbivory that function against fungal pathogens that commonly appear after mechanical damage. Fungi and viruses infecting sugarcane also modulate insect behavior, for example, by causing changes in volatile compounds responsible for insect attraction or repelling natural vector enemies via a mechanism that increases pathogen dissemination from infected plants to healthy ones. Interestingly, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides is capable of being vertically transmitted to insect offspring, ensuring its persistence in the field. Understanding multitrophic complexes is important to develop better strategies for controlling pathosystems affecting sugarcane and other important crops and highlights the importance of not only studying binary interactions but also adding as many variables as possible to effectively translate laboratory research to real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Z Gallan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto B Penteriche
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maressa O Henrique
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Silva-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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12
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de Oliveira Silva L, da Silva Pereira L, Pereira JL, Gomes VM, Grativol C. Divergence and conservation of defensins and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from sugarcane wild species and modern cultivar genomes. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:235-250. [PMID: 35195843 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Plant defensins and lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) constitute a large and evolutionarily diverse family of antimicrobial peptides. Defensins and LTPs are two pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) whose characterization may help to uncover aspects about the sugarcane response to pathogens attack. LTPs have also been investigated for their participation in the response to different types of stress. Despite the important roles of defensins and LTPs in biotic and abiotic stresses, scarce knowledge is found about these proteins in sugarcane. By using bioinformatics approaches, we characterized defensins and LTPs in the sugarcane wild species and modern cultivar genomes. The identification of defensins and LTPs showed that all five defensins groups and eight of the nine LTPs have their respective genes loci, although some was only identified in the cultivar genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that defensins appear to be more conserved among groups of plants than LTPs. Some defensins and LTPs showed opposite expression during pathogenic and benefic bacterial interactions. Interestingly, the expression of defensins and LTPs in shoots and roots was completely different in plants submitted to benefic bacteria or water depletion. Finally, the modeling and comparison of isoforms of LTPs and defensins in wild species and cultivars revealed a high conservation of tertiary structures, with variation of amino acids in different regions of proteins, which could impact their antimicrobial activity. Our data contributed to the characterization of defensins and LTPs in sugarcane and provided new elements for understanding the involvement of these proteins in sugarcane response to different types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Química, Função de Proteínas E Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lídia da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia E Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacymara Lopes Pereira
- Laboratório de Química, Função de Proteínas E Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia E Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clícia Grativol
- Laboratório de Química, Função de Proteínas E Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Trichoderma asperelloides PSU-P1 Induced Expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes against Gummy Stem Blight of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) in Field Evaluation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020156. [PMID: 35205910 PMCID: PMC8878962 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gummy stem blight caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum is the most destructive disease of muskmelon cultivation. This study aimed to induce disease resistance against gummy stem blight in muskmelon by Trichoderma asperelloides PSU-P1. This study was arranged into two crops. Spore suspension at a concentration of 1 × 106 spores/mL of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 was applied to muskmelon to investigate gene expression. The expression of PR genes including chitinase (chi) and β-1,3-glucanase (glu) were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme activity was assayed by the DNS method. The effects of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 on growth, yield, and postharvest quality of muskmelon fruit were measured. A spore suspension at a concentration of 1 × 106 spore/mL of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 and S. cucurbitacearum was applied to muskmelons to determine the reduction in disease severity. The results showed that the expression of chi and glu genes in T. asperelloides PSU-P1-treated muskmelon plants was 7–10-fold higher than that of the control. The enzyme activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were 0.15–0.284 and 0.343–0.681 U/mL, respectively, which were higher than those of the control (pathogen alone). Scanning electron microscopy revealed crude metabolites extracted from T. asperelloides PSU-P1-treated muskmelon plants caused wilting and lysis of S. cucurbitacearum hyphae, confirming the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs). Application of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 increased fruit weight and fruit width; sweetness and fruit texture were not significantly different among treated muskmelons. Application of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 reduced the disease severity scale of gummy stem blight to 1.10 in both crops, which was significantly lower than that of the control (2.90 and 3.40, respectively). These results revealed that application of T. asperelloides PSU-P1 reduced disease severity against gummy stem blight by overexpressed PR genes and elevated enzyme activity in muskmelon plants.
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14
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Kasirajan L, Valiyaparambth R, Kamaraj K, Sebastiar S, Hoang NV, Athiappan S, Srinivasavedantham V, Subramanian K. Deep sequencing of suppression subtractive library identifies differentially expressed transcripts of Saccharum spontaneum exposed to salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13645. [PMID: 35112353 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Saccharum spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, is highly tolerant to drought and salinity. The exploitation of germplasm resources for salinity tolerance is a major thrust area in India. In this study, we utilized suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) followed by sequencing for the identification of upregulated transcripts during salinity stress in S. spontaneum clones coming from different geographical regions of India. Our sequencing of the SSH library revealed that 95% of the transformants contained inserts of size 200-1500 bp. We have identified 314 differentially expressed transcripts in the salinity-treated samples after subtraction, which were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Functional annotation and pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated transcripts were a result of protein modifications, stress, and hormone signaling along with cell wall development and lignification. The prominently upregulated transcripts included UDP glucose dehydrogenase, cellulose synthase, ribulose, cellulose synthase COBRA, leucine-rich protein, NAC domain protein, pectin esterase, ABA-responsive element binding factor 1, and heat stress protein. Our results is a step forward the understanding of the molecular response of S. spontaneum under salinity stress, which will lead to the identification of genes and transcription factors as novel targets for salinity tolerance in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kasirajan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rabisha Valiyaparambth
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthana Kamaraj
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheelamary Sebastiar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nam V Hoang
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selvi Athiappan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Karthigeyan Subramanian
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Jabeen R, Iqbal A, Deeba F, Zulfiqar F, Mustafa G, Nawaz H, Habiba U, Nafees M, Zaid A, Siddique KHM. Isolation and characterization of peroxidase P7-like gene and Rab-GDI like gene from potential medicinal plants: A step toward understanding cell defense signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975852. [PMID: 36119597 PMCID: PMC9478186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Defensin genes form part of a plant's defense system and are activated when exposed to biotic or abiotic stress. They play a vital role in controlling many signaling pathways involved in various plant defense mechanisms. This research aimed to isolate and characterize novel defensin genes from selected medicinally important plants to explore their signaling mechanisms and defense associated roles for breeding. The DNA of Albizia lebbeck and Moringa oleifera was subjected to PCR amplification using gene-specific primers of defensin genes. Two novel defensin genes were isolated in each species, with sequence lengths of 300 bp in A. lebbeck and 150 bp in M. oleifera. In-silico analysis undertaken to retrieve and align their orthologous sequences revealed 100% similarity of the A. lebbeck gene with the Musa acuminate peroxidase P7-like gene and 85% similarity of the M. oleifera gene with the Manihot esculenta GDP dissociation inhibitor gene. The reliability, stability and physiochemical properties of homology models of these sequences was confirmed through online computational studies. This preliminary study confirmed the presence of novel genes with peroxidase P7 and Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor gene-like activity in A. lebbeck and M. oleifera, respectively, and their potential defense role in plants. Thus, the defensin genes of both species could be used in the synthesis of transgenic self-defensive plants with increased disease resistance and as potential candidates for improved crop production and thraputic formulation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheela Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Raheela Jabeen,
| | - Atia Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farah Deeba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Faisal Zulfiqar,
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemsitry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Jiang M, Pang X, Liu H, Lin F, Lu F, Bie X, Lu Z, Lu Y. Iturin A Induces Resistance and Improves the Quality and Safety of Harvested Cherry Tomato. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226905. [PMID: 34833997 PMCID: PMC8622131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer is an important disease in cherry tomato fruit. In this study, the effect of iturin A on soft rot of cherry tomato and its influence on the storage quality of cherry tomato fruit were investigated. The results showed that 512 μg/mL of iturin A could effectively inhibit the incidence of soft rot of cherry tomato fruit. It was found that iturin A could induce the activity of resistance-related enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), glucanase (GLU), and chitinase (CHI), and active oxygen-related enzymes including ascorbate peroxidases (APX), superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) of cherry tomato fruit. In addition, iturin A treatment could slow down the weight loss of cherry tomato and soften the fruit. These results indicated that iturin A could retard the decay and improve the quality of cherry tomato fruit by both the inhibition growth of R. stolonifera and the inducing the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Fuxing Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.J.); (F.L.); (F.L.); (X.B.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
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17
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Maia LBL, Pereira HD, Garratt RC, Brandão-Neto J, Henrique-Silva F, Toyama D, Dias RO, Bachega JFR, Peixoto JV, Silva-Filho MC. Structural and Evolutionary Analyses of PR-4 SUGARWINs Points to a Different Pattern of Protein Function. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734248. [PMID: 34567046 PMCID: PMC8458871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SUGARWINs are PR-4 proteins associated with sugarcane defense against phytopathogens. Their expression is induced in response to damage by Diatraea saccharalis larvae. These proteins play an important role in plant defense, in particular against fungal pathogens, such as Colletothricum falcatum (Went) and Fusarium verticillioides. The pathogenesis-related protein-4 (PR-4) family is a group of proteins equipped with a BARWIN domain, which may be associated with a chitin-binding domain also known as the hevein-like domain. Several PR-4 proteins exhibit both chitinase and RNase activity, with the latter being associated with the presence of two histidine residues H11 and H113 (BARWIN) [H44 and H146, SUGARWINs] in the BARWIN-like domain. In sugarcane, similar to other PR-4 proteins, SUGARWIN1 exhibits ribonuclease, chitosanase and chitinase activities, whereas SUGARWIN2 only exhibits chitosanase activity. In order to decipher the structural determinants involved in this diverse range of enzyme specificities, we determined the 3-D structure of SUGARWIN2, at 1.55Å by X-ray diffraction. This is the first structure of a PR-4 protein where the first histidine has been replaced by asparagine and was subsequently used to build a homology model for SUGARWIN1. Molecular dynamics simulations of both proteins revealed the presence of a flexible loop only in SUGARWIN1 and we postulate that this, together with the presence of the catalytic histidine at position 42, renders it competent as a ribonuclease. The more electropositive surface potential of SUGARWIN1 would also be expected to favor complex formation with RNA. A phylogenetic analysis of PR-4 proteins obtained from 106 Embryophyta genomes showed that both catalytic histidines are widespread among them with few replacements in these amino acid positions during the gene family evolutionary history. We observe that the H11 replacement by N11 is also present in two other sugarcane PR-4 proteins: SUGARWIN3 and SUGARWIN4. We propose that RNase activity was present in the first Embryophyta PR-4 proteins but was recently lost in members of this family during the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Brandão-Neto
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazi
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazi
| | - Renata O. Dias
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Ruggiero Bachega
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Vasconcellos Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Silva-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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18
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Ji Y, Hu W, Liao J, Xiu Z, Jiang A, Yang X, Guan Y, Feng K, Saren G. Effect of Ethanol Vapor Treatment on the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea and Defense-Related Enzymes of Fungi-Inoculated Blueberry During Storage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618252. [PMID: 33574808 PMCID: PMC7870470 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethanol vapor on the inhibition of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea in postharvest blueberry and the induction of defense-related enzymes (DREs) activities in fungi-inoculated blueberries stored at 0±0.5°C for 16days. Results indicated that ethanol vapor markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata and B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 9.1% (250μlL−1), 36.4% (500μlL−1), and 5.5% (1,000μlL−1) on A. alternata and 14.2% (250μlL−1), 44.7% (500μlL−1), and 76.6% (1,000μlL−1) on B. cinerea, respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol vapor also enhanced the activities of DREs in fungi-inoculated blueberries, including β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), chitinase (CHI), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In particular, 500μlL−1 ethanol vapor increased the activities of DREs by 84.7% (GLU), 88.0% (CHI), 37.9% (PAL), 85.5% (POD), and 247.0% (PPO) in A. alternata-inoculated blueberries and 103.8% (GLU), 271.1% (CHI), 41.1% (PAL), 148.3% (POD), and 74.4% (PPO) in B. cinerea-inoculated blueberries, respectively. But, the activity of PPO was decreased by 55.2 and 31.9% in 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberries inoculated with A. alternata and B. cinerea, respectively, after 8days of storage. Moreover, the surface structure and ultrastructure of 500μlL−1 ethanol-treated blueberry fruit cells were more integrated than those of other treatments. The findings of the present study suggest that ethanol could be used as an activator of defense responses in blueberry against Alternaria and Botrytis rots, by activating DREs, having practical application value in the preservation of postharvest fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Yuge Guan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China.,College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Gaowa Saren
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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19
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Habiba U, Nisar J, Choohan MA, Shah SMA, Nisar Z, Mustafa I. Antibacterial Activity of Tris NaCl and PBS Buffer Protein Extract of Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates Against Bacterial Strains. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821992239. [PMID: 33628155 PMCID: PMC7883167 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821992239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are gaining popularity over synthetic medicines because antibiotic resistance demands the alternative source of medication. In the present research, the crude protein extraction of 4 medicinal plants Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates was carried out. Crude protein extraction was done by 2 different buffers i.e. Tris NaCl buffer and PBS buffer. Protein confirmation was done by Bradford assay in the spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential was checked and compared against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion method, agar well method and zones of inhibition were calculated. The study results indicated that Tris NaCl extracts' antimicrobial potential is higher than that of the PBS buffer. On disc diffusion method the Tris NaCl buffer extracts of Cymbopogon citrates showed maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm and 9 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus respectively and control chloramphenicol showed maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis. Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus while Saccharum officinarum and Albizia lebbeck didn't show the any antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Protein extracts from PBS buffer didn't show zone of inhibition against any bacteria. Only Albizia lebbeck showed minute zone of inhibition against Neisseria gonorrhea. On well diffusion method, Cassia fistula Tris NaCl protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 20 mm and 18 mm against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis respectively. While Albizia lebbeck PBS protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 19 mm and 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The results revealed that the protein extract of Albizia lebbeck, Cymbopogon citrates and Cassia fistula can be used tosynthesize antimicrobial drugs to treat the bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ume Habiba
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram Choohan
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zonaira Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mustafa
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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20
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang B. Induced resistance in peach fruit as treated by Pichia guilliermondii and their possible mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1705336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Parvaiz A, Mustafa G, Khan HMWA, Joyia FA, Niazi AK, Anwar S, Khan MS. Field evaluation ratified by transcript and computational analyses unveils myco-protective role of SUGARWIN proteins in sugarcane. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:377. [PMID: 31588401 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine elite sugarcane genotypes (SPF-234, CPF-246, CPF-247, CPF-248, HSF-240, CP-77-400, S-2006-US-658, S-2003-US-127 and S-2006-US-633) were assessed for field level tolerance against Colletotrichum falcatum followed by quantitative expression and computational analyses of mycoprotective proteins. Plug inoculation method was used to assess level of tolerance of aforementioned genotypes while growing in the field. Genotype S-2006-US-658 was categorized as resistant whereas genotypes CPF-246, CPF-248, HSF-240, S-2003-US-127, S-2006-US-633 and CP-77-400 were categorized as moderately resistant and genotypes SPF-234, CPF-247 as moderately susceptible. Quantitative transcript analyses also revealed that the expression of mycoprotective genes (SUGARWIN1 and SUGARWIN2) was maximum in genotype CPF-246 whereas lowest in genotype SPF-234. Hence these mycoprotective proteins play some critical role in fungal pathogen protection as genotypes with higher expression are more tolerant compared to the genotypes with lower expression of mycoprotective proteins. In-silico interaction of these mycoprotective proteins with chitin, glucan, chitosan and mannan (the core constituents of fungal cell wall) also validated their role in disease susceptibility or resistance. These studies will prove a step forward in understanding mycoprotective proteins and can be employed to develop molecular markers for the selection and screening of red rot resistant sugarcane varieties resulting in enhanced productivity of this valuable cash crop.
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22
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Bacillomycin D inhibits growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and induces defense-related mechanism in cherry tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7663-7674. [PMID: 31297555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of Bacillomycin D, a cyclic lipopeptide, on Rhizopus stolonifer colonization of cherry tomato was studied, and its possible mechanism of action was explored. Bacillomycin D showed a direct inhibitory effect on R. stolonifer spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro. It conferred both a direct inhibitory effect on R. stolonifer growth in cherry tomato in vivo and induced host resistance in cherry tomato. Moreover, Bacillomycin D treatment significantly increased the activities of plant defense-related enzymes, including chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD). Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) showed that defense-related genes involved in the salicylic acid defense signaling pathway and genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were up-regulated in Bacillomycin D treatment. Furthermore, Bacillomycin D-C16 resulted in direct inhibition and a remarkable induced resistance to R. stolonifer which was higher than as induced by Bacillomycin D-C14. Together, the data indicated that Bacillomycin D can control the growth of R. stolonifer through both the direct inhibition of the fungus and the activation of defense-related genes and enzymes in cherry tomato.
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23
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Subramanyam S, Nemacheck JA, Hargarten AM, Sardesai N, Schemerhorn BJ, Williams CE. Multiple molecular defense strategies in Brachypodium distachyon surmount Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) larvae-induced susceptibility for plant survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2596. [PMID: 30796321 PMCID: PMC6385206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat causing severe economic damage. Numerous genes and associated biological pathways have been implicated in defense against Hessian fly. However, due to limited genetic resources, compounded with genome complexity, functional analysis of the candidate genes are challenging in wheat. Physically, Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly, and with a small genome size, short life cycle, vast genetic resources and amenability to transformation, it offers an alternate functional genomic model for deciphering plant-Hessian fly interactions. RNA-sequencing was used to reveal thousands of Hessian fly-responsive genes in Bd one, three, and five days after egg hatch. Genes encoding defense proteins, stress-regulating transcription factors, signaling kinases, and secondary metabolites were strongly up-regulated within the first 24 hours of larval feeding indicating an early defense, similar to resistant wheat. Defense was mediated by a hypersensitive response that included necrotic lesions, up-regulated ROS-generating and -scavenging enzymes, and H2O2 production. Suppression of cell wall-associated proteins and increased cell permeability in Bd resembled susceptible wheat. Thus, Bd molecular responses shared similarities to both resistant and susceptible wheat, validating its suitability as a model genome for undertaking functional studies of candidate Hessian fly-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Subramanyam
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jill A Nemacheck
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrea M Hargarten
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nagesh Sardesai
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
| | - Brandon J Schemerhorn
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christie E Williams
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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24
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Franco FP, Dias RO, Toyama D, Henrique-Silva F, Moura DS, Silva-Filho MC. Structural and Functional Characterization of PR-4 SUGARWINs From Sugarcaneand Their Role in Plant Defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1916. [PMID: 30666261 PMCID: PMC6330325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
SUGARWIN1 and 2 are defense proteins from sugarcane. Their gene expression is known to be induced in response to wound and Diatraea saccharalis damage. Although the recombinant SUGARWIN protein does not affect insect development, it promotes significant morphological and physiological changes in Fusarium verticillioides and Colletotrichum falcatum, which lead to fungal cell death via apoptosis. In this study, we deepen our understanding of the role of SUGARWINs in plant defense and the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins affect fungi by elucidating their molecular targets. Our results show that SUGARWINs play an important role in plant defense against opportunistic pathogens. We demonstrated that SUGARWINs are induced by C. falcatum, and the induction of SUGARWINs can vary among sugarcane varieties. The sugarcane variety exhibiting the highest level of SUGARWIN induction exhibited a considerable reduction in C. falcatum infection. Furthermore, SUGARWIN1 exhibited ribonuclease, chitosanase, and chitinase activity, whereas SUGARWIN2 exhibited only chitosanase activity. This variable enzymatic specificity seems to be the result of divergent amino acid composition within the substrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia P. Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Silva-Filho
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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25
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Ferreira RCU, Lara LADC, Chiari L, Barrios SCL, do Valle CB, Valério JR, Torres FZV, Garcia AAF, de Souza AP. Genetic Mapping With Allele Dosage Information in Tetraploid Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster Reveals Insights Into Spittlebug ( Notozulia entreriana Berg) Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:92. [PMID: 30873183 PMCID: PMC6401981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster is one of the most important African forage grasses in Brazilian beef production. Currently available genetic-genomic resources for this species are restricted mainly due to polyploidy and apomixis. Therefore, crucial genomic-molecular studies such as the construction of genetic maps and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are very challenging and consequently affect the advancement of molecular breeding. The objectives of this work were to (i) construct an integrated U. decumbens genetic map for a full-sibling progeny using GBS-based markers with allele dosage information, (ii) detect QTLs for spittlebug (Notozulia entreriana) resistance, and (iii) seek putative candidate genes involved in defense against biotic stresses. We used the Setaria viridis genome a reference to align GBS reads and selected 4,240 high-quality SNP markers with allele dosage information. Of these markers, 1,000 were distributed throughout nine homologous groups with a cumulative map length of 1,335.09 cM and an average marker density of 1.33 cM. We detected QTLs for resistance to spittlebug, an important pasture insect pest, that explained between 4.66 and 6.24% of the phenotypic variation. These QTLs are in regions containing putative candidate genes related to defense against biotic stresses. Because this is the first genetic map with SNP autotetraploid dosage data and QTL detection in U. decumbens, it will be useful for future evolutionary studies, genome assembly, and other QTL analyses in Urochloa spp. Moreover, the results might facilitate the isolation of spittlebug-related candidate genes and help clarify the mechanism of spittlebug resistance. These approaches will improve selection efficiency and accuracy in U. decumbens molecular breeding and shorten the breeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucimara Chiari
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Raul Valério
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Anete Pereira de Souza,
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26
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Effect of Cryptococcus laurentii on inducing disease resistance in cherry tomato fruit with focus on the expression of defense-related genes. Food Chem 2018; 254:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Sánchez-Elordi E, Contreras R, de Armas R, Benito MC, Alarcón B, de Oliveira E, Del Mazo C, Díaz-Peña EM, Santiago R, Vicente C, Legaz ME. Differential expression of SofDIR16 and SofCAD genes in smut resistant and susceptible sugarcane cultivars in response to Sporisorium scitamineum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:103-113. [PMID: 29753910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic profiling of the stalk of a smut resistant and a susceptible sugarcane cultivars revealed the presence of dirigent and dirigent-like proteins in abundance in the pool of high molecular mass (HMMG) and mid-molecular mass (MMMG) glycoproteins, produced as part of the defensive response to the fungal smut pathogen. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that expression levels of SofDIR16 (sugarcane dirigent16) and SofCAD (sugarcane cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) were higher in the smut resistant My 55-14 cultivar than in the sensitive B 42231 cultivar prior to infection. Inoculation with fungal sporidia or water decreased the level of SofCAD transcripts in My 55-14, indicating that regulation of SofCAD expression does not take part of the specific response to smut infection. In contrast, SofDIR16 expression was almost nullified in My 55-14 after inoculation with fungal sporidia, but not after water injection. It is proposed that the decreased expression of dirigent proteins induces the formation of lignans, which are involved in the defense response of the smut resistant My 55-14 cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-Elordi
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Contreras
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario C Benito
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Alarcón
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliandre de Oliveira
- Plataforma de Proteómica, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Mazo
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Díaz-Peña
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Geographical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María E Legaz
- Intercellular Communication in Plant Symbiosis Team, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Tariq M, Khan A, Tabassum B, Toufiq N, Bhatti MU, Riaz S, Nasir IA, Husnain T. Antifungal activity of chitinase II against Colletotrichum falcatum Went. causing red rot disease in transgenic sugarcane. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:45-53. [PMID: 30814869 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1709-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated transgenic lines of sugarcane modified with the barley chitinase class-II gene to create resistance against the red rot causative agent Colletotrichum falcatum Went. Local sugarcane cultivar SP93 was transformed with a 690-bp coding sequence of the chitinase-II gene under the influence of a polyubiquitin promoter. Transgenic sugarcane lines (T 0) overexpressing the chitinase gene were obtained through a particle bombardment method with 13.3% transformation efficiency. Four transgenic sugarcane lines, SCT-03, SCT-05, SCT-15, and SCT-20, were tested for resistance against red rot by in vitro antifungal assays. Crude protein extracts from transgenic sugarcane plants SCT-03, SCT-05, SCT-15, and SCT-20 inhibited the mycelial growth of C. falcatum by 49%, 40%, 56%, and 52%, respectively, in a quantitative in vitro assay. Our findings revealed that two transgenic lines, SCT-15 and SCT-20, exhibited the highest endochitinase activity of 0.72 and 0.58 U/mL, respectively. Furthermore, transgenic lines SCT-15 and SCT-20 exhibited strong resistance against inoculated C. falcatum in an in vitro bioassay, as they remained healthy and green in comparison with the control sugarcane plants, which turned yellow and eventually died 3 weeks after infection. The mRNA expression of the transgene in the C. falcatum-inoculated transgenic sugarcane lines increased gradually compared to the control plant. The mRNA expression was the highest at 72 h in both transgenic lines and remained almost stable in the subsequent hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Anwar Khan
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Nida Toufiq
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Bhatti
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Saman Riaz
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University , Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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