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Dogonyaro BB, van Heerden H, Potts AD, Fasina FO, Casanovas-Massana A, Kolo FB, Lötter C, Byaruhanga C, Ko AI, Wunder EA, Adesiyun AA. Molecular Characterization of Leptospira Species Detected in the Kidneys of Slaughtered Livestock in Abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:666. [PMID: 37242336 PMCID: PMC10223745 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira was investigated in kidneys (n = 305) from slaughtered livestock in the Gauteng Province abattoirs, South Africa, using a culture medium to isolate Leptospira, followed by the LipL32 qPCR to detect Leptospira DNA. The SecY gene region was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for LipL32 qPCR-positive samples or Leptospira isolates. The overall frequency of isolation of Leptospira spp. was 3.9% (12/305), comprising 4.8% (9/186), 4.1% (3/74), and 0% (0/45) from cattle, pigs, and sheep, respectively (p > 0.05). However, with LipL32 qPCR, the overall frequency of Leptospira DNA was 27.5%, consisting of 26.9%, 20.3%, and 42.2% for cattle, pigs, and sheep, respectively (p = 0.03). Based on 22 SecY sequences, the phylogenetic tree identified the L. interrogans cluster with serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae and the L. borgpetersenii cluster with serovar Hardjo bovis strain Lely 607. This study is the first molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. from livestock in South Africa. The reference laboratory uses an eight-serovar microscopic agglutination test panel for leptospirosis diagnosis, of which L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bovis is not part. Our data show that pathogenic L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii are circulating in the livestock population. Diagnostic use of molecular methods will eliminate or reduce the under-reporting of leptospirosis in livestock, particularly sheep, in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banenat B. Dogonyaro
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Virology Department, Vom 930101, Nigeria
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Andrew D. Potts
- Bacterial Serology Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Arnau Casanovas-Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Francis B. Kolo
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Christine Lötter
- Bacterial Serology Laboratory, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador 40081, Brazil
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador 40081, Brazil
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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García-Díez J, Saraiva S, Moura D, Grispoldi L, Cenci-Goga BT, Saraiva C. The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:167. [PMID: 36851472 PMCID: PMC9959654 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
From the point of public health, the objective of the slaughterhouse is to guarantee the safety of meat in which meat inspection represent an essential tool to control animal diseases and guarantee the public health. The slaughterhouse can be used as surveillance center for livestock diseases. However, other aspects related with animal and human health, such as epidemiology and disease control in primary production, control of animal welfare on the farm, surveillance of zoonotic agents responsible for food poisoning, as well as surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance, can be monitored. These controls should not be seen as a last defensive barrier but rather as a complement to the controls carried out on the farm. Regarding the control of diseases in livestock, scientific research is scarce and outdated, not taking advantage of the potential for disease control. Animal welfare in primary production and during transport can be monitored throughout ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse, providing valuable individual data on animal welfare. Surveillance and research regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at slaughterhouses is scarce, mainly in cattle, sheep, and goats. However, most of the zoonotic pathogens are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Moreover, the prevalence at the slaughterhouse of zoonotic and foodborne agents seems to be low, but a lack of harmonization in terms of control and communication may lead to underestimate its real prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Díez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Dina Moura
- Divisão de Intervenção de Alimentação e Veterinária de Vila Real e Douro Sul, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária da Região Norte, Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Lugar de Codessais, 5000-567 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luca Grispoldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beniamino Terzo Cenci-Goga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Susceptibility among breeds of sheep experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans Pomona serogroup. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gomes DO, Ramos GB, Alves VBA, Ciuffa AZ, Cuccato LP, Dos Reis TFM, Lima AMC, Gonçalves MC, Tolesano GV, Rodrigues VS, Szabó MPJ. Occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Rhipidomys spp. from a forest fragment of the Brazilian Cerrado. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:555-559. [PMID: 28124730 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of world importance, and its transmission depends on the interaction between humans and animals. Given the necessity to investigate potential hosts of Leptospira spp., this study verified the prevalence of different serovars in the species of Rhipidomys spp., a widespread sigmodont rodent in Brazil. The studied population originates from a semi-evergreen forest located in the county of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed with 14 serovars. Thirteen out of the 43 wild rodents captured showed a positive agglutination reaction, with a greater prevalence of the serovars Pyrogenes, Copenhageni, and Canicola. This study found a prevalence of 30.3% anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies; all positive animals were reactive to more than one serovar.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Gomes
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - G B Ramos
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V B A Alves
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A Z Ciuffa
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L P Cuccato
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T F M Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M C Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M C Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Ixodologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G V Tolesano
- Laboratório de Ixodologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V S Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ixodologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M P J Szabó
- Laboratório de Ixodologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, Bloco 2D, Segundo andar, Sala 33, 38.405-315, Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tonin AA, Martins B, Zago RVMS, Tochetto C, Azenha NP, Schaefer PC, Martins JLR, Badke MRT. Outbreak of leptospirosis: reproductive losses in sheep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-2056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a global disease of animals, which can have a major economic impact on livestock industries and is an important zoonosis. The current knowledge base is heavily biased towards the developed agricultural economies. The disease situation in the developing economies presents a major challenge as humans and animals frequently live in close association. The severity of disease varies with the infecting serovar and the affected species, but there are many common aspects across the species; for example, the acute phase of infection is mostly sub-clinical and the greatest economic losses arise from chronic infection causing reproductive wastage. The principles of, and tests for, diagnosis, treatment, control and surveillance are applicable across the species.
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Risk factors to incidental leptospirosis and its role on the reproduction of ewes and goats of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:231-5. [PMID: 25274622 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovine and caprine stockbreeding have been gaining attention in developing countries as an attractive investment. On these animals, infectious diseases of the reproductive tract, such as leptospirosis, can compromise the production leading to economic losses. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with incidental leptospirosis and its influence on the reproductive parameters of ewes and goats of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A total of 737 animals distributed on 24 herds/flocks were studied, and an overall prevalence of 10.9% seroreactive animals was observed. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most frequent in goats (97.0%) as well as in ewes (78.3%). Regarding risk factors related to leptospirosis, the presence of waterholes and the semi-intensive breeding system were the most important associated to seroreactivity. Besides, there was an observed association between seroreactivity and reproductive failures (P < 0.05). Moreover, seroreactive ewes (relative risk (RR) = 1.3) and goats (RR = 1.9) presented more chances to have abortions than seronegative animals. Furthermore, seroreactive ewes presented 11.6 more chances of having premature births when compared to the seronegative ones. It can be concluded that Leptospira infection, mainly those caused incidental strains (such as Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup), is a significant factor to reduce the productivity of small ruminants' herds/flocks in the studied region, and environmental measures must be considered on control programs.
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Higino SSDS, Azevedo SSD. Leptospirose em pequenos ruminantes: situação epidemiológica atual no Brasil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572014000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A leptospirose em pequenos ruminantes é uma doença que pode causar perdas econômicas devido à ocorrência de abortamentos, natimortalidade e diminuição da produção de leite. A infecção pode se apresentar nas formas aguda, crônica e inaparente. Na forma aguda, pode ocorrer anorexia, depressão, dificuldade respiratória, febre, hemoglobinemia e hemoglobinúria. Na forma crônica, abortamentos e natimortalidade são comuns. Vários inquéritos sorológicos recentes conduzidos no Brasil apontaram frequências de soropositividade variando de 3,4 a 31,3% em caprinos, e de 0,7 a 34,6% em ovinos. Os sorovares reatores mais frequentes foram Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae e Pyrogenes. O teste de soroaglutinação microscópica é o método mais empregado para o diagnóstico da infecção. O controle da leptospirose em pequenos ruminantes é baseado na identificação de fontes de infecção, controle de roedores, controle da aquisição de animais e imunização sistemática com vacinas inativadas que contenham sorovares de leptospiras regionais.
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Comparison of conventional PCR, quantitative PCR, bacteriological culture and the Warthin Starry technique to detect Leptospira spp. in kidney and liver samples from naturally infected sheep from Brazil. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 90:321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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