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Zhao J, Chen X, Long X, Rafaels N, Campbell M, Liang H, Zhang B, Barnes KC, Hamilton RG, Chen Q. The soluble worm antigens-specific antibodies used as biomarkers of Schistosoma japonicum in a low prevalence and intensity endemic area of Hubei, China. Acta Trop 2019; 195:28-34. [PMID: 30986379 PMCID: PMC8547602 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The precise diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection plays a critical role in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating schistosomiasis in endemic regions. We evaluated the S. japonicum soluble worm antigen protein (SWAP) specific-IgG, IgG4 and IgE levels, and evaluated the association between S. japonicum infection and these antibodies in a sample of 837 residents from a S. japonicum-endemic area in Hubei province, China. The anticipants were divided into the Training Set (TS) and Validation Set (VS) based on the chronological order. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect the SWAP-specific antibodies. Three algorithms for identifying S. japonicum infection were generated in the TS and subsequently validated in the VS. The findings were further replicated in an independent cohort from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) in Brazil. Our results indicated for the first time that S. japonicum-infected individuals had higher levels of SWAP-specific IgG, IgG4 and IgE, and lower value of the IgE/IgG4 ratio than uninfected individuals in both the two sets (p < 0.01). Both the infected and uninfected individuals had a high prevalence of seropositivity for IgG. We further showed that the predictive model EGR (IgE/IgG4 ratio) score performed best in Chinese population (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) 0.905, sensitivity 82.7%, specificity 84.0% in the TS; AUROC 0.933, sensitivity 87.7%, specificity 89.1% in the VS). Nevertheless, the predictive model IgG4 score performed best in Brazilian cohort (AUROC 0.788, sensitivity 73.2%, specificity 73.3%). In summary, SWAP-specific IgG could be used as a biomarker for identifying individuals who have been previously exposed to S. japonicum, and furthermore the SWAP-specific IgE/IgG4 could be used as an immune biomarker for S. japonicum infection in particular in the endemic areas with low prevalence and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monica Campbell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins Asthmas and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
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Gusmão MADN, Emídio NB, Marconato DG, Farani PSG, Maniezzi LF, Coelho PMZ, Oliveira RC, Vasconcelos EG, Faria-Pinto PD. IgE antibodies from schistosomiasis patients to recognize epitopes in potato apyrase. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180139. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0139-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Shin H, Park SJ, Gupta KC, Lee DY, Park SY, Kang IK. In vitro detection of allergen sensitized basophils by HSA-DNP antigen-anchored liquid crystal microdroplets. Anal Biochem 2018; 558:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lima LM, Cardoso LS, Santos SB, Oliveira RR, Oliveira SC, Góes AM, Loukas A, Araujo MI. Schistosoma antigens downregulate CXCL9 production by PBMC of HTLV-1-infected individuals. Acta Trop 2017; 167:157-162. [PMID: 28040482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HTLV-1 is the causal agent of Adult T cell Leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The immune response to HTLV-1-infection is polarized to the Th1-type, and the presence of CXCL9/CXCL10 chemokines may lead to an increase in the recruitment of pro-inflammatory molecules in spinal cord tissue, contributing to the damage observed in the development of HAM/TSP. It has been observed that in chronic helminth-infections, such as schistosomiasis, there is a deviation toward the Th2/regulatory immune response. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of Schistosoma spp. proteins to decrease the in vitro CXCL9 and CXCL10 production by PBMC of HTLV-1-infected individuals. METHODS The Schistosoma proteins rSm29, rSh-TSP-2 and PIII were added to PBMC cultures of HTLV-1-infected individuals and the levels of chemokines in the supernatants were measured using a sandwich ELISA method. RESULTS The addition of rSm29 to the cultures resulted in decreased production of CXCL9 in all the analyzed individuals and HAM/TSP group (18167±9727pg/mL, p=0.044; 20237±6023pg/mL, p=0.028, respectively) compared to the levels in unstimulated cultures (19745±9729pg/mL; 25078±2392pg/mL, respectively). The addition of rSh-TSP-2 decreased the production of CXCL9 in all studied individuals and carriers group (16136±9233pg/mL, p=0.031; 13977±8857pg/mL, p=0.026) vs unstimulated cultures (19745±9729pg/mL; 18121±10508pg/mL, respectively). Addition of PIII did not alter the results. There was no significant change in the levels of CXCL10 by the addition of the studied proteins. CONCLUSION The Schistosoma proteins used in this study were able to down modulate the production of CXCL9, a chemokine associated with the inflammatory process in HTLV-1-infection.
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de Almeida TVVS, Fernandes JS, Lopes DM, Andrade LS, Oliveira SC, Carvalho EM, Araujo MI, Cruz ÁA, Cardoso LS. Schistosoma mansoni antigens alter activation markers and cytokine profile in lymphocytes of patients with asthma. Acta Trop 2017; 166:268-279. [PMID: 27931742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Severe asthma affects a small proportion of subjects but results in most of the morbidity, costs and mortality associated with the disease. Studies have suggested that Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces the severity of asthma and prevent atopy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ability of S. mansoni antigens, Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to modulate lymphocyte activation status in response to the allergen of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1) in cell cultures of individuals with asthma. METHODS Thirty four patients were enrolled in this study: seventeen patients with severe asthma (SA group), seventeen patients with mild asthma (MA group) and six controls with no asthma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained and stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 in the presence or absence of Der p1. The expression of surface markers and cytokines on lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry and the levels of IL-10 in the culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 antigens to PBMC cultures from both groups of subjects with asthma stimulated with Der p1 reduced the frequency of CD4+CD25low cells whereas and increased frequency of CD4+CD25high population was observed compared to unstimulated cultures. Moreover, cultures stimulated with Sm29TSP-2 showed a reduction in the frequency of T cells expressing CD69, IFN-γ, TNF and TGF-β in the MA group and an increase in the frequency of CD4+TSLPR+ T cells in the SA group. The addition of Sm29 to the cultures reduced the frequency of CD4+CD69+ and CD4+IL-5+ T cells in all asthmatic groups, and reduced the frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-13 in the MA group. The cultures stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 showed an increase in the level of IL-10 in the supernatants. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to the cells cultures from subjects with asthma reduced cell activation markers and altered the cytokine production pattern in a way that can potentialy control the inflammatory response associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamille Souza Fernandes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Mota Lopes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Santana Andrade
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Costa Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Ilma Araujo
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Baiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A Cruz
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; ProAR-Núcleo de Excelência em Asma, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Cardoso
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFBA, Brazil.
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Kruschewsky RDA, Cardoso LS, Fernandes JS, Souza RDPD, Lopes DM, Carvalho OAMD, Araujo MI. Immunological Profile in Individuals with Schistosomal Myeloradiculopathy. Neuroimmunomodulation 2016; 23:157-167. [PMID: 27606627 DOI: 10.1159/000448521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy (SMR) is the most serious ectopic presentation of Schistosoma mansoni infection. The pathogenesis occurs mainly via the host inflammatory response to the eggs of the parasite that are stuck in the central nervous system, and the diagnosis is generally made by the exclusion of other neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the immune status of SMR patients and to identify a marker for SMR diagnosis. METHODS We enrolled 15 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of SMR, and the control groups included 17 patients with myelopathy associated with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and 11 with other neurological disorders. The determination of soluble egg antigen-specific IgE and the levels of cytokines from Th1, Th2, Th17 and T-regulatory cell profiles and the chemokines MIP-1a and RANTES were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum using an ELISA technique. RESULTS We observed that SMR leads to an increase in IgE levels in the CSF compared to serum, and the levels of IL-13 and MIP-1α were significantly higher in the CSF and serum of the SMR patients than in the patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. The levels of MIP-1α and RANTES were higher in the CSF than in the serum of the SMR group. The ratio between levels of IL-13, MIP-1α and RANTES over IL-10 was positive in the CSF of the SMR patients. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that S. mansoni-specific IgE in the CSF is a promising marker for the diagnosis of SMR and that the cytokines and chemokines associated with the Th2 profile may be important factors in the immunopathogenesis of SMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon de Almeida Kruschewsky
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Inês EDJ, Silva MLS, Souza JN, Teixeira MCA, Soares NM. The role of glycosylated epitopes in the serodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 76:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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FIGUEIREDO JP, OLIVEIRA RR, CARDOSO LS, BARNES KC, GRANT AV, CARVALHO EM, ARAUJO MI. Adult worm-specific IgE/IgG4 balance is associated with low infection levels ofSchistosoma mansoniin an endemic area. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:604-10. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hahn DL, Schure A, Patel K, Childs T, Drizik E, Webley W. Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific IgE is prevalent in asthma and is associated with disease severity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35945. [PMID: 22545149 PMCID: PMC3335830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) biomarkers have been associated with asthma but Cp-specific IgE (Cp IgE) has not been investigated extensively. Our objective was to investigate Cp IgE in community adult asthma patients. Methods (1) Prevalence of Cp IgE (measured by immunoblotting) and Cp DNA (by polymerase chain reaction) in peripheral blood, and biomarker associations with asthma severity. (2) Case-control studies of Cp IgE association with asthma using healthy blood donor (study 1) and non-asthmatic clinic patient (study 2) controls. Results Of 66 asthma subjects (mean age 40.9 years, range 5–75, 59% male, 45% ever-smokers) 33 (50%) were Cp IgE positive and 16 (24%) were Cp DNA positive (P = 0.001 for association of Cp IgE and DNA). Cp IgE was detected in 21% of mild intermittent asthma v 79% of severe persistent asthma (test for trend over severity categories, P = 0.002). Cp IgE detection was significantly (P = 0.001) associated with asthma when compared to healthy blood donor controls but not when compared to clinic controls. Conclusions Half of this sample of community asthma patients had detectable IgE against C. pneumoniae. Cp IgE was strongly and positively associated with asthma severity and with asthma when healthy blood donor controls were used. These results support the inclusion of Cp IgE as a biomarker in future studies of infectious contributions to asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Hahn
- Departments of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, and Dean Clinic, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Allison Schure
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katir Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tawanna Childs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eduard Drizik
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wilmore Webley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Patel KK, Anderson E, Salva PS, Webley WC. The prevalence and identity of Chlamydia-specific IgE in children with asthma and other chronic respiratory symptoms. Respir Res 2012; 13:32. [PMID: 22512977 PMCID: PMC3441249 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have confirmed the presence of viable Chlamydia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of pediatric patients with airway hyperresponsiveness. While specific IgG and IgM responses to C. pneumoniae are well described, the response and potential contribution of Ag-specific IgE are not known. The current study sought to determine if infection with Chlamydia triggers the production of pathogen-specific IgE in children with chronic respiratory diseases which might contribute to inflammation and pathology. Methods We obtained BAL fluid and serum from pediatric respiratory disease patients who were generally unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment as well as sera from age-matched control patients who saw their doctor for wellness checkups. Chlamydia-specific IgE was isolated from BAL and serum samples and their specificity determined by Western blot techniques. The presence of Chlamydia was confirmed by species-specific PCR and BAL culture assays. Results Chlamydial DNA was detected in the BAL fluid of 134/197 (68%) patients. Total IgE increased with age until 15 years old and then decreased. Chlamydia-specific IgE was detected in the serum and/or BAL of 107/197 (54%) patients suffering from chronic respiratory disease, but in none of the 35 healthy control sera (p < 0.0001). Of the 74 BAL culture-positive patients, 68 (91.9%, p = 0.0001) tested positive for Chlamydia-specific IgE. Asthmatic patients had significantly higher IgE levels compared to non-asthmatics (p = 0.0001). Patients who were positive for Chlamydia DNA or culture had significantly higher levels of serum IgE compared to negative patients (p = 0.0071 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Only 6 chlamydial antigens induced Chlamydia-specific IgE and patients with C. pneumoniae-specific IgE had significantly greater levels of total IgE compared to C. pneumoniae-specific IgE negative ones (p = 0.0001). Conclusions IgE antibodies play a central role in allergic inflammation; therefore production of Chlamydia-specific IgE may prove significant in the exacerbation of chronic, allergic airway diseases, thus highlighting a direct role for Chlamydia in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katir K Patel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Oliveira RR, Figueiredo JP, Cardoso LS, Jabar RL, Souza RP, Wells MT, Carvalho EM, Fitzgerald DW, Barnes KC, Araújo MI, Glesby MJ. Factors associated with resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:296-305. [PMID: 22302866 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of factors associated with resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in endemic areas might facilitate more effective schistosomiasis control. We conducted a cross-sectional study of persons resistant to schistosomiasis and found no association between socioeconomic status and resistance to infection. Mononuclear cells of resistant subjects produced higher levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and interferon-γ upon stimulation with soluble egg antigen (SEA) compared with infected persons. When stimulated with Sm21.6 or Sm22.6, levels of IL-10 were higher in cell culture of resistant persons. Levels of IgE against soluble adult worm antigen (SWAP) and against interleukin-4-inducing principle from S. mansoni eggs (IPSE) and levels of IgG4 against SWAP, SEA, and Sm22.6 were lower in the resistant group compared with the susceptible group. Our data suggest that socioeconomic status could not fully explain resistance to S. mansoni infection observed in the studied area. However, a mixture of Th1 and Th2 immune responses and low levels of specific IgG4 against parasite antigens could be mediating resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R Oliveira
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Cardoso L, Oliveira S, Souza R, Góes A, Oliveira R, Alcântara L, Almeida M, Carvalho E, Araujo M. Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate allergic response in vitro in cells of asthmatic individuals. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-6 and IgE in patients infected with Giardia intestinalis. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2009; 47:93-7. [PMID: 19419945 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system, its cellular and humoral response, is engaged by the host organism to fight against parasitic infections. The study group consisted of 90 patients (58 women and 32 men), aged 18-72 years, infected with G. intestinalis. The diagnosis was established based on laboratory investigations (stool examination, choloscopy, GSA-65). Blood for analysis was collected before (G1), and 2 weeks (G2) and 2 months (G3) after antiparasitic treatment. Control group consisted of 40 healthy subjects (22 women and 18 men), aged 20-45 years. The concentrations of IgE were assayed using a set of VIDAS (bioMerieux) and the concentrations of IL-5, IL-6, IFN-gamma were determined using a set of Quantikine human (R&D Systems). It was revealed that in giardiosis the concentrations of IgE and IL-5 in blood serum were twice as high, the concentration of IL-6 was two and a half times higher and the concentration of IFN-gamma was almost four times higher as compared to healthy controls.
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Ghoshal A, Mukhopadhyay S, Saha B, Mandal C. 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins are important immunomodulators in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:889-98. [PMID: 19403782 PMCID: PMC2691061 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00453-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of disease-associated 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins (9-O-AcSGPs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients (PBMC(VL)) compared to their levels of expression in healthy individuals has been demonstrated using a lectin, achatinin-H, with specificity toward 9-O-acetylated sialic acid derivatives alpha2-6 linkage with subterminal N-acetylgalactosamine (9-O-AcSAalpha2-6GalNAc). The decreased presence of disease-associated 9-O-AcSGPs on different immune cells of parasitologically cured individuals after successful treatment relative to the levels in patients with active VL prior to treatment was demonstrated. However, their contributory role as immunomodulatory determinants on PBMC(VL) remained unexplored. Accordingly, 9-O-AcSGPs on PBMC(VL) were sensitized with achatinin-H, leading to their enhanced proliferation compared to that observed with different known mitogens or parasite antigen. This lymphoproliferative response was characterized by evaluation of the TH1/TH2 response by intracellular staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for secreted cytokines, and the results were corroborated by their genetic expression. Sensitized PBMC(VL) evidenced a mixed TH1/TH2 cellular response with a predominance of the TH1 response, indicating the ability of 9-O-AcSGPs to modulate the host cell toward a favorable response. Interestingly, the humoral and cellular responses showed a good correlation. Further, high levels of anti-9-O-AcSGP antibodies with an order of distribution of immunoglobulin M (IgM) > IgG1 = IgG3 > IgG4 > IgG2 > IgE could be explained by a mixed TH1/TH2 response. A good correlation of enhanced 9-O-AcSGPs with both the cell-mediated (r = 0.98) and humoral (r = 0.99) response was observed. In summary, it may be concluded that sensitization of 9-O-AcSGPs on PBMC(VL) may provide a basis for the modulation of the host's immune response by their controlled expression, leading to a beneficial immune response and influencing the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Ghoshal
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Matowicka-Karna J, Kemona H, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Butkiewicz A. Activation of blood platelets in echinococcosis — CD62P and CD63 expression. Parasitol Res 2005; 98:214-7. [PMID: 16333666 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-0038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Almeida MAO, Jesus EEV, Sousa-Atta MLB, Alves LC, Berne MEA, Atta AM. Antileishmanial antibody profile in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 106:151-8. [PMID: 15911002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2004] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents vigorous Th2 immune response, which is mainly characterized in human by augmented expression of Il-4, polyclonal B cell activation, intense hypergammaglobulinemia and production of antileishmanial IgE antibodies. However, few aspects of this type of immune response have been demonstrated in studies of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). This work investigated by ELISA and western immunoblotting the production of antileishmanial IgE antibodies (IgE Ab) in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs naturally infected by Leishmania chagasi, and also compared this IgE immune response with those of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. Three groups of dogs were evaluated: 12 VL dogs with positive Leishmania biopsies (GI), 44 dogs with a positive leishmanial indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 30 of them presenting clinical signs of VL and 14 asymptomatic (GII) and 21 healthy dogs living in kennels located in leishmaniasis endemic areas (GIII), which were seronegative in the IFAT. Eighteen dogs from an area free of CVL were used as controls (GIV). Antileishmanial IgE antibodies were detected in 4 of 12 VL dogs from group I (33%) and 14 of 30 symptomatic dogs from group II (47%). While all asymptomatic dogs from group II (100%) were seronegative for antileishmanial IgE Ab, 7 of 21 healthy animals from group III (33%) had these immunoglobulins. A strong correlation was verified between antileishmanial IgG and IgG2 antibody titers in all symptomatic dogs, but only 15 of these 42 animals (36%) produced simultaneously IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies to Leishmania. IgE antibodies recognized leishmanial antigens of 12, 36, 61, 81 and 118 KDD, while a more complex pattern of immunoblotting was verified mainly for IgG and IgG2 antibodies from symptomatic animals. IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies shared the recognition of L. chagasi polypeptides of 118, 81, 61, 36, 18, 14 and 12 KDD, being more intense the immune reactions between IgG1 Ab and the leishmanial polypeptides of 61 and 36 KDD, and also between IgG2 antibodies and the antigens of 26, 21, 18, 14 and 12 KDD. Our results suggest that the polyclonal production of antileishmanial antibodies that includes IgE Ab could characterize a Th2 immune response in CVL and can help the laboratory diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A O Almeida
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Atta AM, Colossi R, Sousa-Atta MLB, Jeronimo SMB, Nascimento MDSB, Bezerra GF, Orge G, Carvalho EM. Antileishmanial IgG and IgE antibodies recognize predominantly carbohydrate epitopes of glycosylated antigens in visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:525-30. [PMID: 15543418 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity of human antileishmanial IgG and IgE antibodies to glycosylated antigens of Leishmania chagasi was evaluated. An ELISA was performed with soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) and a panel of 95 sera including samples from patients with subclinical infection (SC) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL), subjects cured of visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), and from healthy individuals from endemic areas (HIEA). Antileishmanial IgG were verified for 18 (40%) of 45 SC subjects (mean absorbance of 0.49 +/- 0.17). All nine sera from VL patients had such antibody (0.99 +/- 0.21), while 11 (65%) of 17 CVL individuals were seropositive (0.46 +/- 0.05). Only three (12%) of 24 HIEA controls reacted in IgG-ELISA. Antileishmanial IgE was detected in 26 (58%) of 45 SC patients (0.35 +/- 0.14), and in all VL patients (0.65 +/- 0.29). These antibodies were also detected in 13(76%) of 17 CVL subjects (0.42 +/- 0.14) while all HIEA controls were seronegative. There was no correlation between antileishmanial IgG and IgE antibody absorbances. Mild periodate oxidation at acid pH of SLA carbohydrates drastically diminished its antigenicity in both IgG and IgE-ELISA, affecting mainly the antigens of 125, 102, 94, and 63 kDa as demonstrated by western immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Atta
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/no, Campus de Ondina, 40171-970 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Santos SB, Porto AF, Muniz AL, Jesus ARD, Carvalho EM. Clinical and immunological consequences of human T cell leukemia virus type-I and Schistosoma mansoni co-infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:121-6. [PMID: 15486648 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection is associated with spontaneous T cell activation and uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation. An exacerbated type-1 immune response with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) is significantly higher in patients with myelopathy associated to HTLV-I than in HTLV-I asymptomatic carriers. In contrast with HTLV-I, a chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a type-2 immune response with high levels of interleukin (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) and low levels of IFN-gamma. In this study, clinical and immunological consequences of the HTLV-I and S. mansoni infection were evaluated. The immune response in patients with schistosomiasis co-infected with HTLV-I showed low levels of IL-5 (p < 0.05) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures stimulated with S. mansoni antigen (SWAP) and decreased SWAP-specific IgE levels when compared with patients with only schistosomiasis (p < 0.05). Liver fibrosis was mild in all HTLV-I co-infected patients. Immunological response was also compared in individuals who had only HTLV-I infection with those who were co-infected with HTLV-I and helminths (S. mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis). In patients HTLV-I positive co-infected with helminths the IFN-gamma levels were lower than in individuals who had only HTLV-I. Moreover, there were fewer cells expressing IFN-gamma and more cells expressing IL-10 in individuals co-infected with HTLV-I and helminths. These dates indicate that HTLV-I infection decrease type 2-response and IgE synthesis and are inversely associated with the development of liver fibrosis. Moreover, helminths may protect HTLV-I infected patients to produce large quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvane Braga Santos
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua João das Botas, s/n, 40110-160 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Costa-Cruz JM, Madalena J, Silva DADO, Sopelete MC, Campos DMB, Taketomi EA. Heterologous antigen extract in ELISA for the detection of human IgE anti-Strongyloides stercoralis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2003; 45:265-8. [PMID: 14743666 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652003000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides ratti larval extract was used for the standardization of ELISA to detect genus-specific IgE in human strongyloidiasis. Forty serum samples from monoinfected patients shedding S. stercoralis larvae (Group I), 40 from patients with other intestinal parasites (Group II), and 40 from copronegative healthy subjects (Group III) were analyzed. Genus-specific IgE levels (ELISA Index: EI) were significantly higher in the group I (EI = 1.43) than groups II (EI = 0.70) and III (EI = 0.71), showing positivity rates of 55%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Similarly, sera from copropositive patients had significantly higher levels of total IgE (866 IU/mL) as compared to those from group II (302 IU/mL) and III (143 IU/mL). A significant positive correlation was found between levels of Strongyloides specific-IgE and total IgE in sera from patients with strongyloidiasis. In conclusion, S. ratti heterologous extract showed to be a useful tool for detecting genus-specific IgE by ELISA, contributing for a better characterization of the immune response profile in human strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Area de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Atta AM, Sousa-Atta MLB, D'Oliveira A, Almeida RP, Araújo MI, Carvalho EM. IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies in visceral leishmaniasis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:101-3. [PMID: 11992157 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Procedures for IgG depletion in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and schistosomiasis sera using Sepharose-protein G beads also deplete IgE. In this study, the presence of IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies in sera from patients with VL (n = 10), and hepatic-intestinal schistosomiasis (n = 10) and from healthy individuals (n = 10) was investigated. A sandwich ELISA using goat IgG anti-human IgE to capture serum IgE and goat anti-human IgG peroxidase conjugate to demonstrate the binding of IgG to the IgE captured was performed. VL sera had higher titers (p < 0.05) of IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies (OD = 2.01 +/- 0.43) than sera from healthy individuals (OD = 1.35 +/- 0.16) or persons infected with Schistosoma mansoni (OD = 1.34 +/- 0.18). The immunoblotting carried out with eluates from Sepharose-protein G beads used to deplete IgG from these sera and goat anti-human IgE peroxidase conjugate, showed a similar pattern of bands, predominating the 75 kDa epsilon-heavy chain and also polypeptides resulting from physiological enzymatic digestion of IgE. A frequent additional band immediately above 75 kDa was observed only in VL sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Atta
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/no., Campus Ondina, 40171-970 Salvador, BA, Brasil.
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