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Gudavalli D, Pandey K, Ede VG, Sable D, Ghagare AS, Kate AS. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of five species of Bauhinia genus: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105830. [PMID: 38286316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Genus Bauhinia has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes, malaria, cough, headache, fever, piles, dysentery, flatulence, diarrhoea, ulcer and cardiovascular problems. Among 600 species of this genus, Bauhinia variegata, B. purpurea, B. championii, B. racemosa, and B. forficata are commonly used in the traditional medicine and found to be throughly investigated for their medicinal properties. They possess diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, fibrinolytic, and wound healing properties and most of the biological activities are corelating with traditional knowledge. Phytochemical analysis indicated that steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids are prominent in the selected species, whereas bauhiniastatins, bauhinoxepins, racemosols, roseosides, and bauhichamines are found unique to the genus. This review aims to decipher active molecules from the aforementioned species of Bauhinia covering comprehensive analysis of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and traditional uses. The data has been carefully analyzed to find compounds or fractions with a translational value. In most of the cases, the pharmacological activities have been established, however, further studies are needed such as safety evaluations, target identification, bioavailability, metabolite identification, and pharmacokinetic properties. In conclusion, the pharmacological potential of Bauhinia plants show promise with various leads such as insulin-like protein, roseoside, bauhiniastatin, and melibiose binding lectin. However, further investigations are required to address existing gaps and advance them towards product development. This review will lay the groundwork for future research initiatives aimed at fully realizing the therapeutic potential of Bauhinia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gudavalli
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Komal Pandey
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Venkata Gopal Ede
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Dakshata Sable
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ashwini S Ghagare
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Mesquita PG, de Araujo LM, Neves FDAR, Borin MDF. Metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Bauhinia variegata exhibit antioxidant activity and agonist activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α, β/δ and γ. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1049690. [PMID: 37746194 PMCID: PMC10512301 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1049690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) improve insulin sensitization and glucose homeostasis mediated by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as loss of bone mass, retention of body fluids, liver and heart problems, and increased risk of bladder cancer. Partial PPARγ agonists can promote the beneficial effects of thiazolidinediones with fewer adverse effects. Endophytic fungi colonize plant tissues and have a particularly active metabolism caused by the interaction with them, which leads to the production of natural products with significant biological effects that may be like that of the colonized plant. Here, we identify seven endophytic fungi isolated from Bauhinia variegata leaves that have antioxidant activities. Also, one of the extracts presented pan-agonist activity on PPAR, and another showed activity in PPARα and PPARβ/δ. A better understanding of this relationship could help to comprehend the mechanism of action of antioxidants in treating diabetes and its complications. Moreover, compounds with these capabilities to reduce oxidative stress and activate the receptor that promotes glucose homeostasis are promising candidates in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Borin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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3
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A Treatment to Cure Diabetes Using Plant-Based Drug Discovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8621665. [PMID: 35586686 PMCID: PMC9110154 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8621665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The field of peptides and proteins has opened up new doors for plant-based medication development because of analytical breakthroughs. Enzymatic breakdown of plant-specific proteins yields bioactive peptides. These plant-based proteins and peptides, in addition to their in vitro and vivo outcomes for diabetes treatment, are discussed in this study. The secondary metabolites of vegetation can interfere with the extraction, separation, characterization, and commercialization of plant proteins through the pharmaceutical industry. Glucose-lowering diabetic peptides are a hot commodity. For a wide range of illnesses, bioactive peptides from flora can offer up new avenues for the development of cost-effective therapy options.
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Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction:
Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan.
Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts.
Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml.
Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.
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Isolation of Prunin From Bauhinia variegataand Its Antioxidant Activity in Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20967875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is no longer a disease attributed mainly to high cholesterol content in the body; it has come to be regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the prunin fraction (PF) isolated from the ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata against the release of various proinflammatory mediators in rats fed an atherogenic diet. The diet was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats for 60 days to induce atherosclerosis. The blood serum of the rats was used to estimate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, catalase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein using assay kits. Other physical parameters, such as body weight, feed intake, and systolic blood pressure, were also determined during the study. The results showed a significant protective effect of the PF against diet-induced atherosclerosis by decreasing the levels of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6. Rats treated with PF (20 and 40 mg/kg) showed a change in systolic blood pressure and a reduction in oxidative stress induced by the atherogenic diet. Reduction in body weight and modulation of food intake were observed in PF-treated rats, which indicated atheroprotective, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. The study concludes that the atheroprotective properties of PF are due to effects on the initial phase of plaque formation to thrombus formation. This study may help researchers to find a better alternative for selecting optimal therapies and preventing plaque formation. Future Significance: This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques and different targets that act at the starting stage of the plaque to thrombus formation. This may pave the way for selecting optimal therapies and preventing plaque complications.
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Moura LFWG, da Silva Costa HP, da Silva Neto JX, Dias LP, Magalhães FEA, van Tilburg MF, Florean EOPT, de Oliveira JTA, Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa DD, Guedes MIF. Orally hypoglycemic activity of an insulin mimetic glycoprotein isolated from Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. (Euphorbiaceae) seeds, Cq-IMP. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:886-895. [PMID: 32413470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) is widely distributed in tropical areas. In the Northeast of Brazil, the species C. quercifolius is endemic and has been used in traditional medicine. In this study, a novel protein was isolated from C. quercifolius seeds and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure, isoelectric point (pI), and carbohydrate content. The hypoglycemic activity of this protein was investigated by in vitro assay with the RIN-5F glucose-responsive cell line and in vivo test using alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. In addition, safe use of the protein was also investigated by cytotoxicity, hemagglutinating, and immunogenicity assays. The protein which was named Cq-IMP (Cnidoscolus quercifolius - Insulin Mimetic Protein) showed a single 11.18 KDa glycopolypeptide chain (16.4% of carbohydrates, m/m), pI of 8.0 and N-terminal sequence (TKDPELKQcKKQQKKqQQYDDDDKK) with similarity around 46-62% to sucrose binding protein-like and vicilin-like protein that was confirmed by mass spectrometry tryptic peptides analysis. Besides that, Cq-IMP presented anti-insulin antibody cross-reactivity as hypoglycemic activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, it did not present any toxicity by methods tested. In conclusion, Cq-IMP is an insulin-mimetic protein, with a potent hypoglycemic activity and no toxicity showing great potential for therapeutic applications and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves Moura
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Helen Paula da Silva Costa
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - João Xavier da Silva Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Fraga van Tilburg
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Graduate Program of Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Bauhinia variegata: a comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits and utilization. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Pedrete TA, Hauser-Davis RA, Moreira JC. Proteomic characterization of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Patil SP, Goswami A, Kalia K, Kate AS. Plant-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Treatment to Cure Diabetes. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019; 26:955-968. [PMID: 32435169 PMCID: PMC7223764 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent advances in analytical techniques have opened new opportunities for plant-based drug discovery in the field of peptide and proteins. Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant parent proteins forms bioactive peptides which are explored in the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will discuss the identified plant-based bioactive proteins and peptides and the in vitro, in vivo results for the treatment of diabetes. Extraction, isolation, characterization and commercial utilization of plant proteins is a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry as plants contain several interfering secondary metabolites. The market of peptide drugs for the treatment of diabetes is growing at a fast rate. Plant-based bioactive peptides might open up new opportunities to discover economic lead for the management of various diseases. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital P. Patil
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Ashutosh Goswami
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Abhijeet S. Kate
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Hago S, Mahrous EA, Moawad M, Abdel-Wahab S, Abdel-Sattar E. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Morus nigra L. and Bauhinia variegata L. leaves as Egyptian remedies used for the treatment of diabetes. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:829-835. [PMID: 30968706 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1601094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Morus nigra and Bauhinia variegata are used in the Egyptian folk medicine for their hypoglycemic effects. The standardized ethanolic extracts of both plants caused a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level at two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats' model. Further, in vitro antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition assays were conducted as well as the measurement of insulin levels and the biomarkers for both liver and kidney functions in the treated animals. Beneficiary effects of BMLE and BVLE in the treatment of diabetes were found not to be limited to hypoglycemic effect but included preventing liver and kidney tissue damage that are associated with diabetes. A strong inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme by both extracts may be a contributing mechanism in the overall anti-diabetic effect that was observed. Further detailed study is needed in the future to explore the mechanism of action of both plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Hago
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moawad
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samia Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Elbanna AH, Nooh MM, Mahrous EA, Khaleel AE, Elalfy TS. Extract of Bauhinia vahlii Shows Antihyperglycemic Activity, Reverses Oxidative Stress, and Protects against Liver Damage in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S607-S612. [PMID: 29142421 PMCID: PMC5669104 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have affirmed the effectiveness of some Bauhinia plants as antihyperglycemic agents. Objective: We investigated the possible effect of Bauhinia vahlii leaves extract in reducing hyperglycemia and reversing signs of organ damage associated with diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. Materials and Methods: Both polar fraction of the B. vahlii leaves (defatted ethanolic extract [DEE]) and nonpolar fraction (n-hexane extract) were evaluated in vitro for α-glucosidase inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potential. DEE was selected for further in vivo studies and was administered at two doses, i.e., 150 or 300 mg/kg to STZ-diabetic rats for 4 weeks. Results: Only DEE exhibited in vitro antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities and its oral administration at both dose levels resulted in significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Furthermore, signs of oxidative stress as indicated by hepatic reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels were completely reversed. In addition, histopathological examination and measurement of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels showed that DEE protected the liver from signs of liver pathogenesis when compared to diabetic untreated animals and those treated with metformin. Phytochemical analysis of DEE showed high flavonoids content with quercitrin as the major constituent along with other quercetin glycosides. Conclusion: This study strongly highlights the possible beneficial effect of B. vahlii leaves extract in relieving hyperglycemia and liver damage in STZ-diabetic rats and recommends further investigation of the value of quercetin derivatives in controlling diabetes and ameliorating liver damage associated with it. SUMMARY The polar fraction of the Bauhinia vahlii leaves (defatted ethanolic extract [DEE]) exhibited both in vitro antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay and strong α-glucosidase inhibition while the nonpolar fraction (n-hexane extract) failed to show any activity in both assays. DEE was further investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model where oral administration of DEE at 2 doses (150 and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks resulted in significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin and reversal of oxidative stress signs as indicated by measurement of hepatic reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, histopathological examination and measurement of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels showed that DEE protected the liver from signs of pathogenesis observed in diabetic untreated rats. Phytochemical analysis of DEE showed high flavonoid content with quercitrin as the major constituent (62.9 ± 0.18 mg/mg).
Abbreviations used: ALT: Alanine transaminase, AST: Aspartate transaminase, DEE: Defatted ethanol extract, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FBG: Fasting blood glucose, GAE: Gallic acid equivalent, GSH: Reduced glutathione, Hb1Ac: Glycated hemoglobin, HE: Hexane extract MDA: Malondialdehyde, QE: Quercetin equivalent, STZ: Streptozotocin, TAC: Total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Elbanna
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Nooh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal E Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taha S Elalfy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Paula P, Oliveira J, Sousa D, Alves B, Carvalho A, Franco O, Vasconcelos I. Insulin-like plant proteins as potential innovative drugs to treat diabetes—The Moringa oleifera case study. N Biotechnol 2017; 39:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Laguna-Hernández G, Rio-Zamorano CA, Meneses-Ochoa IG, Brechú-Franco AE. Histochemistry and immunolocalisation of glucokinin in antidiabetic plants used in traditional Mexican medicine. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2782. [PMID: 28735523 PMCID: PMC5484011 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico is a megadiverse country that has 3,600 to 4,000 species of medicinal plants, of which approximately 800 are used to treat conditions related to diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a chronic degenerative disease of energy metabolism that exists as two types: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM is considered a public health problem that affects 7% of the Mexican population older than 20 years. DM is clinically controlled with hypoglycaemic drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretion stimulants or the direct application of insulin. The hypoglycaemic effectiveness of specific molecules has been determined only for some medicinal plants in Mexico used to treat DM2. The presence of molecules called glucokinins, wich are similar to animal insulin molecules, has been reported in some plant species; glucokinins act as both growth factors and regulators of glucose metabolism in plants. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypoglycaemic effectiveness of some of the popularly used species for the control of DM could be due to the presence of glucokinin, as reported for Bauhinia variegata. The goal of this work was to use histochemistry to detect, the accumulation of protein that is immunocytochemically compatible with glucokinin in slide sections of hypoglycaemic species used as remedies for DM2. The top fourteen most used medicinal plants in Mexico were selected for study via microscopic sections. Proteins were histochemically detected using naphthol blue black and Johansen's quadruple stain, and the immunocytochemical correspondence of the proteins with glucokinin was investigated using an insulin antibody. All species studied reacted positively to proteins and glucokinin in the same structures. The presence of glucokinin in these structures and the corresponding hypoglycaemic effects are discussed in the contex of the actions of other compounds.
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Paula PC, Sousa DOB, Oliveira JTA, Carvalho AFU, Alves BGT, Pereira ML, Farias DF, Viana MP, Santos FA, Morais TC, Vasconcelos IM. A Protein Isolate from Moringa oleifera Leaves Has Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effects in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:E271. [PMID: 28208654 PMCID: PMC6155657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted to relate its antidiabetic properties to proteins. In this study, a leaf protein isolate was obtained from M. oleifera leaves, named Mo-LPI, and the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects on alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assessed. Mo-LPI was obtained by aqueous extraction, ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis. The electrophoresis profile and proteolytic hydrolysis confirmed its protein nature. Mo-LPI showed hemagglutinating activity, cross-reaction with anti-insulin antibodies and precipitation after zinc addition. Single-dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Mo-LPI (500 mg/kg·bw) reduced the blood glucose level (reductions of 34.3%, 60.9% and 66.4% after 1, 3 and 5 h, respectively). The effect of Mo-LPI was also evidenced in the repeated dose test with a 56.2% reduction in the blood glucose level on the 7th day after i.p. administration. Mo-LPI did not stimulate insulin secretion in diabetic mice. Mo-LPI was also effective in reducing the oxidative stress in diabetic mice by a decrease in malondialdehyde level and increase in catalase activity. Mo-LPI (2500 mg/kg·bw) did not cause acute toxicity to mice. Mo-LPI is a promising alternative or complementary agent to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniele O B Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana F U Carvalho
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Bella G T Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Mirella L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Davi F Farias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Martonio P Viana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - Flavia A Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-160, Brazil.
| | - Talita C Morais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-160, Brazil.
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil.
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15
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Hardikar MR, Varma ME, Kulkarni AA, Kulkarni PP, Joshi BN. Elucidation of hypoglycemic action and toxicity studies of insulin-like protein from Costus igneus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 124:99-107. [PMID: 26854130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have reported earlier, an orally active insulin-like protein (ILP) from Costus igneus having potent hypoglycemic property in STZ-induced diabetic Swiss mice. The blood glucose level was reduced significantly within two hours after feeding ILP orally in an oral glucose tolerance test. The present study elucidates the mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic action of ILP. Mechanism of action of ILP was studied in differentiated L6 myotubes. 2-NBDG uptake stimulated by ILP was studied in differentiated L6 myotubes under normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and induced insulin resistant conditions. ILP treatment significantly increased 2-NBDG uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes. The levels of insulin signaling molecules IRS-1 and GLUT-4 were assessed in ILP treated L6 myotubes by immunoblot analysis of cytoplasmic and plasma membrane fractions respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed an increase in cytoplasmic IRS-1 with a concomitant increase in GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane in a time dependent manner. Toxicity studies of ILP were performed on normal as well as diabetic Swiss albino mice. ILP did not show any toxicity in the acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in normal as well as diabetic Swiss albino mice. Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify ILP. MALDI TOF/TOF MS analysis of ILP revealed sequence homology with the predicted protein from Physcomitrella patens. Our study reveals that ILP acts via insulin signaling pathway and can be used as oral insulin mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi R Hardikar
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Mokshada E Varma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Anjali A Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prasad P Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Bimba N Joshi
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India.
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Anwer R, Qumaizi KIA, Shaqha WMA, Khan FI. From Pancreatic to Non-Pancreatic Insulin: A Miraculous Journey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2015.302.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kulkarni YA, Garud MS. Effect of Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) extract in streptozotocin induced type I diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-015-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arulselvan P, Ghofar HAA, Karthivashan G, Halim MFA, Ghafar MSA, Fakurazi S. Antidiabetic therapeutics from natural source: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Joshi BN, Munot H, Hardikar M, Kulkarni AA. Orally active hypoglycemic protein from Costus igneus N. E. Br.: an in vitro and in vivo study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:278-82. [PMID: 23743192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants have been used for the treatment of diabetes since time immemorial. In the present study, insulin-like protein (ILP) is purified from Costus igneus belonging to family Costaceae from Western ghats of India. The ILP showed cross reactivity with murine anti-insulin antibodies hence was purified by affinity chromatography using anti-insulin antibodies. The characterization of ILP showed that it is structurally different from insulin but functionally similar. The ILP showed a hypoglycemic activity in an in vitro assay with insulin responsive cell line RIN 5f. Interestingly ILP showed significant decrease in blood glucose level when administered orally in oral glucose tolerance test. This was compared to insulin a positive control given intraperitoneally in streptozotocine induced diabetic mice. There was no toxic effect seen on animals after administrating the ILP. Therefore we conclude that the ILP purified in the present study from C. igneus is a novel protein having hypoglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimba N Joshi
- Biometry and Nutrition Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India.
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Misbah H, Aziz AA, Aminudin N. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ficus deltoidea fruit extracts and fractions. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:118. [PMID: 23718315 PMCID: PMC3668304 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder affecting the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. A number of studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress, leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Ficus deltoidea is traditionally used in Malaysia for regulating blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The use of F. deltoidea as an alternative medicinal herb is increasingly gaining popularity with the sale of F. deltoidea tea bags and capsules in the local market. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the fruits from different varieties of F. deltoidea, employing in vitro methods. Method Two fruit varieties of F. deltoidea (var. angustifolia (SF) and var. kunstleri (BF)) were extracted separately using double-distilled water. The resulting aqueous extracts were partitioned using ethyl acetate to obtain the ethyl acetate and water fractions. The crude aqueous extracts and the corresponding fractions were evaluated for their phenolic, flavonoid, sugar and protein contents. Protein profiling of the extracts and fractions were also carried out by means of SDS-PAGE and SELDI-TOF MS. Antidiabetic activities were assessed based on the ability of the samples to inhibit yeast and mammalian α-glucosidase as well as α-amylase. Antioxidant capacities were examined by measuring the ability of the samples to reduce ferric ions and to scavenge DPPH, superoxide anion, ABTS and nitric oxide radicals. Results The crude extracts and fractions of SF and BF inhibited both yeast and rat intestinal α-glucosidases in a dose-dependent manner, but did not inhibit porcine pancreatic α-amylase. The water fraction of BF showed the highest percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition while having the highest amount of protein (73.33 ± 4.99 μg/mg fraction). All the extracts and fractions exhibited antioxidant activities, with SF crude extract showing the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content (121.62 ± 4.86 mg/g extract). Fractionation of the crude extracts resulted in loss of antioxidant activities. There was no positive correlation between phenolic and flavonoid content with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. However, phenolic content correlated well with antioxidant activities of the crude extracts but not with the fractions. Conclusions The antioxidant activities of the fruits of F. deltoidea might be asserted by the phenolic content but other polar plant components were possibly involved in the antidiabetic properties. The study of these compounds having both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities may provide a new approach in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Jyothi KS, Sridhar GR, Srinivas K, Rao BS, Apparao A. In Silico Pharmaco-Gene-Informatic Identification of Insulin-Like Proteins in Plants. Bioinformatics 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3604-0.ch051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter presents an extension of the authors’ earlier work, where they showed that nucleotide/amino acid sequences related to insulin occurred in the plant kingdom. It was believed that plants did not have, nor did they need insulin, a protein hormone considered to be restricted to the animal kingdom. In the current study, the human insulin sequence was initially obtained from UniProt/SwissProt (accession no. P01308). Plant genome sequences were obtained from NCBI PubMed (Bauhinia purpurea [Gi|229412], Vigna unguiculata [P83770], and Canavalia ensiformis [Gi|7438602]. Scores were obtained from ProtFun 2.2 [http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ProtFun/]. At the next stage, functions of insulin and glucokinin (insulin like proteins in plants) were predicted by the Protein Function Prediction database (http://dragon.bio.purdue.edu/pfp/index.html), followed by functional site prediction from the ELM database (http://elm.eu.org/). ProtFun predicted the following functions: human insulin (Cell envelope), Jack bean (Energy metabolism), Bauhinia purpurea(Translation). The amino acid Glycine at 32 positions was most highly conserved. Present predictions advocate the use of these sequences (QHLCGS motif) as targets for probing the other plants with lesser homology. In summary our in silico studies have suggested that Bauhinia purpurea (Purple orchid tree-BP), Vigna unguiculata (Cow pea-CP) and Canavalia ensiformis (Jack bean-JB) have conserved the important regions of the human insulin protein.
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Sayago CTM, Camargo VB, Barbosa F, Gularte C, Pereira G, Miotto S, Cechinel Filho V, Luiz Puntel R, Folmer V, Mendez A. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of hydro-ethanolic extracts from Bauhinia forficata subsp. pruinosa and B. variegata. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2013; 64:21-33. [PMID: 23567828 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.64.2013.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bauhinia species are known to have hypoglycemiant and antioxidant activities. Here, hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts from Bauhinia forficata subsp. pruinosa and Bauhinia variegata, collected in a Pampa biome region of Brazil, were investigated to characterize their chromatographic profile, flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant activity (TBARS and DPH assays). The extracts were obtained from dried and fresh leaves. The total flavonoid content was assessed by spectrophotometric determination, and the results ranged between 572.08 and 1,102.99 μg mL-1. Moreover, flavonoids were more predominant in B. variegata than in B. forficata subsp. pruinosa. HPLC analysis detected a complex profile of phenolic compounds, being the flavonoid kaempferitrin founded B. forficata subsp. pruinosa; in addition, other kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were present. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated a different behavior depending on the species, leaf treatment and extract concentration. In general, B. variegata extracts obtained from fresh material presented higher antioxidant potential, which can be attributed to the predominance of flavonoids in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla T M Sayago
- Universidade Federal do Pampa Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Khursheed S, Anwer R, Zutshi S, Fatma T. SCREENING OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC O2 -EVOLVING PROKARYOTES FOR AN INSULIN-LIKE ANTIGEN(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:243-245. [PMID: 27009668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, is becoming a major health problem worldwide. Insulin is the single hope for management of type 1 diabetes, but it is not always available or suitable. For finding additional bioresources, the present study was performed. ELISA-based preliminary screening of cyanobacterial biomass using antihuman insulin antibody have detected an insulin-like antigen in Spirulina platensis S-5, Spirulina NCCU-482, and Spirulina NCCU-483. Their similarity with insulin-like antigen was further confirmed by electrophoretic mobility using bovine insulin as marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khursheed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (University), New Delhi -110025, India
| | - Razique Anwer
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (University), New Delhi -110025, India
| | - Sunaina Zutshi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (University), New Delhi -110025, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (University), New Delhi -110025, India
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Kumar V, Yadav S. Synthesis of different-sized silver nanoparticles by simply varying reaction conditions with leaf extracts of Bauhinia variegata L. IET Nanobiotechnol 2012; 6:1-8. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2010.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kumar P, Baraiya S, Gaidhani SN, Gupta MD, Wanjari MM. Antidiabetic activity of stem bark of Bauhinia variegata in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3:64-6. [PMID: 22368423 PMCID: PMC3284043 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.92518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior 474 009, India
| | - Shailesh Baraiya
- School of Studies (Biochemistry), Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S. N. Gaidhani
- Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New Delhi 110 058, India
| | - M. D. Gupta
- National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior 474 009, India
| | - Manish M. Wanjari
- National Research Institute for Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior 474 009, India
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da Cunha AM, Menon S, Menon R, Couto AG, Bürger C, Biavatti MW. Hypoglycemic activity of dried extracts of Bauhinia forficata Link. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:37-41. [PMID: 19577450 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of the pantropical genus Bauhinia (Fabaceae) are known popularly as cow's foot, due to their unique characteristic bilobed aspect. The species Bauhinia forficata (Brazilian Orchid-tree) is widely used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic. The present work investigates the hypoglycemic activity of the dried extracts of Bauhinia forficata leaves in vivo, as well as the influence of the drying and granulation processes on this activity. The fluid extract was dried to generate oven-dried (ODE), spray-dried (SDE) and wet granulation (WGE) extracts, with the aid of colloidal silicon dioxide and/or cellulose:lactose mixture. The dried extracts were characterized by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and photo microscopy image analysis. 200 mg/kg body wt., p.o. of each dried product were administered orally to male Wistar rats over 7 days old, for biomonitoring of the hypoglycemic activity profile. The effect of the extracts was studied in STZ-induced diabetic rats. After 7 days of treatment, fasting glucose was determined, and the livers were removed, dried on tissue paper, weighed, and stored at -20 degrees C to estimate hepatic glycogen. Our results show that spray-drying or oven-drying processes applied to B. forficata extracts did not significantly alter its flavonoid profile or its hypoglycemic activity. Indeed, the dried extracts of B. forficata act differently from glibenclamide. Despite the lower active content in WGE, because of the higher concentration of adjuvants, the use of the granulation process improved the manufacturing properties of the ODE, making this material more appropriate for use in tablets or capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M da Cunha
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Curso de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina (SC), 88302-202, Brazil
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Aghdam AG, Vossoughi M, Almzadeh I, Zeinali M. Bioconjugation of Interferon-alpha Molecules to Lysine-Capped Gold Nanoparticles for Further Drug Delivery Applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701815762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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