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Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJA. The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291734. [PMID: 37792900 PMCID: PMC10602594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive list of all known host plant species utilised by the Meadow Spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius (L.)) is presented, compiled from published and unpublished sources. P. spumarius feeds on 1311 host plants in 631 genera and 117 families. This appears, by a large margin, to be the greatest number of host species exploited by any herbivorous insect. The Asteraceae (222 species) and Rosaceae (110) together account for 25% of all host species. The Fabaceae (76) and Poaceae (73), are nearly tied for third and fourth place and these four families, combined with the Lamiaceae (62), Apiaceae (50), Brassicaceae (43) and Caprifoliaceae (34), comprise about half of all host species. Hosts are concentrated among herbaceous dicots but range from ferns and grasses to shrubs and trees. Philaenus spumarius is an "extreme polyphage", which appears to have evolved from a monophage ancestor in the past 3.7 to 7.9 million years. It is also the primary European vector of the emerging plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Its vast host range suggests that it has the potential to spread X. fastidiosa among multiple hosts in any environment in which both the spittlebug and bacterium are present. Fully 47.9% of all known hosts were recorded in the Xylella-inspired BRIGIT citizen science P. spumarius host survey, including 358 hosts new to the documentary record, 27.3% of the 1311 total. This is a strong demonstration of the power of organized amateur observers to contribute to scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinton Thompson
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New
York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claire Harkin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East
Sussex, United Kingdom
- Ancient Tree Forum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. A. Stewart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East
Sussex, United Kingdom
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Thrimawithana AH, Wu C, Christeller JT, Simpson RM, Hilario E, Tooman LK, Begum D, Jordan MD, Crowhurst R, Newcomb RD, Grapputo A. The Genomics and Population Genomics of the Light Brown Apple Moth, Epiphyas postvittana, an Invasive Tortricid Pest of Horticulture. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030264. [PMID: 35323562 PMCID: PMC8951345 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we produced a genomic resource for the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, to understand the biological basis of adaptation to a high number of hosts (polyphagy) and the invasive nature of this and other lepidopteran pests. The light brown apple moth is an invasive pest of horticultural plants, with over 500 recorded plant hosts. With origins in Australia, the pest has subsequently spread to New Zealand, Hawaii, California and Europe, causing significant economic losses for fruit producers. Comparative genomic analyses with other lepidopteran genomes indicate that a high proportion of the genome is made up of repetitive sequences, with the majority of the known elements being DNA transposable elements and retrotransposons. Twenty gene families show significant expansions, including some likely to have a role in its pest status. Finally, population genomics, investigated by a RAD-tag approach, indicated likely patterns of invasion and admixture, with Californian moths most probably being derived from Australia. Abstract The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana is an invasive, polyphagous pest of horticultural systems around the world. With origins in Australia, the pest has subsequently spread to New Zealand, Hawaii, California and Europe, where it has been found on over 500 plants, including many horticultural crops. We have produced a genomic resource, to understand the biological basis of the polyphagous and invasive nature of this and other lepidopteran pests. The assembled genome sequence encompassed 598 Mb and has an N50 of 301.17 kb, with a BUSCO completion rate of 97.9%. Epiphyas postvittana has 34% of its assembled genome represented as repetitive sequences, with the majority of the known elements made up of longer DNA transposable elements (14.07 Mb) and retrotransposons (LINE 17.83 Mb). Of the 31,389 predicted genes, 28,714 (91.5%) were assigned to 11,438 orthogroups across the Lepidoptera, of which 945 were specific to E. postvittana. Twenty gene families showed significant expansions in E. postvittana, including some likely to have a role in its pest status, such as cytochrome p450s, glutathione-S-transferases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Finally, using a RAD-tag approach, we investigated the population genomics of this pest, looking at its likely patterns of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Chen Wu
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - John T. Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.T.C.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Robert M. Simpson
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (J.T.C.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Leah K. Tooman
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Doreen Begum
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Melissa D. Jordan
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
| | - Richard D. Newcomb
- The New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand; (A.H.T.); (C.W.); (E.H.); (L.K.T.); (D.B.); (M.D.J.); (R.C.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Grapputo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Mills NJ. Abundance–suitability relationships for invasive species: Epiphyas postvittana as a case study. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lo PL, Walker JTS, Wearing CH, Hedderley DI. Factors Responsible for Changes in Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Species Composition on Orchards and Vineyards 1974-2015, in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:2755-2763. [PMID: 30371798 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leafrollers are polyphagous pests whose larvae damage fruit and cause market access problems for fruit crops exported from New Zealand. Leafroller larvae and pupae were collected mainly from four fruit crops, but also from hedges, ornamental trees, and understory weeds in orchards and vineyards of Hawke's Bay, a major fruit production region. Samples were collected from 1974 to 1977 and 1993 to 2015. This timespan was divided into periods that broadly coincided with broad-spectrum insecticide management, the transition to selective insecticides, and the full implementation of integrated fruit production (IFP) programs in apples, grapes, and stone fruit. Eight tortricid species were identified, but the accidentally introduced Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and two native species, Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) and Planotortrix octo Dugdale, comprised 95% of the samples. The proportions of these three species varied according to interactions between four factors: pest management regime, collection period, property location, and host plant. In the 1970s under broad-spectrum insecticide programs, the native species dominated on all hosts. By the mid-late 1990s when IFP was introduced, all the main leafroller species were in decline. However, E. postvittana declined to a lesser extent than the two native species, and consequently, it became relatively more prominent. This change in species composition was delayed in two districts where localized cases of organophosphate insecticide resistance occurred in C. obliquana and P. octo. From 2000 onwards, E. postvittana was the dominant species in all districts and on all hosts, albeit with a much-reduced pest status, except on hedges and ornamental trees where C. obliquana prevailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Lo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - James T S Walker
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North, New Zealand
| | - C Howard Wearing
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Duncan I Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Retallack MJ, Mackay D, Thomson LJ, Keller MA. Which species of Tortricidae leafrollers are key insect pests in South Australian vineyards? T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2018.1510656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Retallack
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Duncan Mackay
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Linda J. Thomson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A. Keller
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Evolution of the Biosynthetic Pathway for Cyanogenic Glucosides in Lepidoptera. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:379-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Roh GH, Park KC, Oh HW, Park CG. Species- and sex-specific distribution of antennal olfactory sensilla in two tortricid moths, Epiphyas postvittana and Planotortrix octo. Micron 2018; 106:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hogg BN, Mills NJ, Daane KM. Temporal Patterns in the Abundance and Species Composition of Spiders on Host Plants of the Invasive Moth Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:502-510. [PMID: 28379400 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Generalist predators such as spiders may help mitigate the spread and impact of exotic herbivores. The lack of prey specificity and long generation times of spiders may allow them to persist when pests are scarce, and to limit the growth of pest populations before they reach damaging levels. We examined whether resident spiders are likely to play a role in maintaining populations of the invasive light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), below outbreak levels in California. We surveyed the spider community on two E. postvittana host plants, the ornamental Australian tea tree, Leptospermum laevigatum, and the weed French broom, Genista monspessulana, to characterize spider and larval E. postvittana abundance and spider species composition throughout the year. Spider densities and species composition showed slight seasonal changes. Spiders were present during periods of high and low E. postvittana abundance. Anyphaenid hunting spiders, Anyphaena aperta Banks in Australian tea tree and Anyphaena pacifica Banks in French broom, dominated spider species composition at four of five sampled sites, and underwent only slight seasonal variation in abundance. Adult A. aperta were rare at all times of the year, suggesting that high mortality among juvenile A. aperta limits the potential of this species as a predator of E. postvittana. Nevertheless, the continued presence of spiders throughout the year indicates that the resident spider community is likely to play a key role in reducing E. postvittana populations in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Hogg
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 ( ; ; )
- Present address: USDA-ARS, Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Albany, CA 94710
| | - Nicholas J Mills
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 (; ; )
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114 (; ; )
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El-Sayed AM, Knight AL, Byers JA, Judd GJR, Suckling DM. Caterpillar-induced plant volatiles attract conspecific adults in nature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37555. [PMID: 27892474 PMCID: PMC5124949 DOI: 10.1038/srep37555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants release volatiles in response to caterpillar feeding that attract natural enemies of the herbivores, a tri-trophic interaction which has been considered an indirect plant defence against herbivores. The caterpillar-induced plant volatiles have been reported to repel or attract conspecific adult herbivores. To date however, no volatile signals that either repel or attract conspecific adults under field conditions have been chemically identified. Apple seedlings uniquely released seven compounds including acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzyl alcohol, benzyl nitrile, indole, 2-phenylethanol, and (E)-nerolidol only when infested by larvae of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana. In field tests in New Zealand, a blend of two of these, benzyl nitrile and acetic acid, attracted a large number of conspecific male and female adult moths. In North America, male and female adults of the tortricid, oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, were most attracted to a blend of 2-phenylethanol and acetic acid. Both sexes of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana, were highly attracted to a blend of benzyl nitrile and acetic acid. This study provides the first identification of caterpillar-induced plant volatiles that attract conspecific adult herbivores under natural conditions, challenging the expectation of herbivore avoidance of these induced volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M El-Sayed
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant &Food Research Limited, Gerald Street, 7608, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Alan L Knight
- USDA-ARS, Agricultural Research Service 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA, 98951-9651, USA
| | - John A Byers
- Department of Entomology Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gary J R Judd
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 4200 Highway 97 Box 5000, Summerland, British Columbia V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - David M Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant &Food Research Limited, Gerald Street, 7608, Lincoln, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland Tamaki Campus, Building 733, Auckland, New Zealand
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Novel multitrophic interactions among an exotic, generalist herbivore, its host plants and resident enemies in California. Oecologia 2016; 182:1117-1128. [PMID: 27651227 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
What happens when an exotic herbivore invades and encounters novel host plants and enemies? Here, we investigate the impacts of host plant quality and plant architecture on an exotic generalist herbivore, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its interactions with resident parasitoids in California. Using artificial diet and five plant species, we found significant effects of diet on the fitness of E. postvittana under laboratory conditions. In the field, based on a common garden experiment with host plants of nine species, we found that larval parasitism varied among plant species by a factor of 2.1 with a higher risk of parasitism on shorter than taller plants. Parasitism of egg masses varied by a factor of 4.7 among plant species with a higher risk of parasitism on taller than shorter plants. In the laboratory, the foraging time of a resident egg parasitoid on excised leaves varied among plant species, but did not correspond to observed egg parasitism rates on these same plants in the field. On leaves of Plantago lanceolata, the probability of egg parasitism decreased with trichome density. Overall, there was a significant effect of host plant on the intrinsic rate of increase of E. postvittana and on the extent of parasitism by resident parasitoids, but no correlation existed between these two effects. The recent decline of E. postvittana in California may be due to the low quality of some host plants and to the many resident enemies that readily attack it, perhaps due to its phylogenetic relatedness to resident tortricids.
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Suckling DM, Baker G, Salehi L, Woods B. Is the Combination of Insecticide and Mating Disruption Synergistic or Additive in Lightbrown Apple Moth, Epiphyas postvittana? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160710. [PMID: 27500834 PMCID: PMC4976986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pest suppression from combinations of tactics is fundamental to pest management and eradication. Interactions may occur among tactical combinations and affect suppression. The best case is synergistic, where suppression from a combination is greater than the sum of effects from single tactics (AB >> A+B). We explored how mating disruption and insecticide interacted at field scale, additively or synergistically. Use of a pheromone delivery formulation (SPLAT™) as either a mating disruption treatment (i.e. a two-component pheromone alone) or as a lure and kill treatment (i.e. the two-component pheromone plus a permethrin insecticide) was compared for efficacy against the lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana. Next, four point-source densities of the SPLAT™ formulations were compared for communication disruption. Finally, the mating disruption and lure and kill treatments were applied with a broadcast insecticide. Population assessment used virgin female traps and synthetic pheromone in replicated 9-ha vineyard plots compared with untreated controls and insecticide-treated plots, to investigate interactions. Lure and kill and mating disruption provided equivalent suppression; no additional benefit accrued from including permethrin with the pheromone suggesting lack of contact. The highest point-source density tested (625/ha) was most effective. The insect growth regulator methoxyfenoxide applied by broadcast application lowered pest prevalence by 70% for the first ten weeks compared to pre-trial. Pheromone addition suppressed the pest further by an estimated 92.5%, for overall suppression of 97.7% from the treatment combination of insecticide plus mating disruption. This was close to that expected for an additive model of interactivity between insecticide and mating disruption (AB = A+B) estimated from plots with single tactics as 98% suppression in a combination. The results indicate the need to examine other tactical combinations to achieve the potential cost-efficiencies of synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Building 733, Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce ACT, Australia
- Better Border Biosecurity, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Greg Baker
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce ACT, Australia
- Entomology Unit, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Latif Salehi
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce ACT, Australia
- Entomology Unit, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bill Woods
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce ACT, Australia
- Department of Food and Agriculture, South Perth, WA, Australia
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Lance DR, Leonard DS, Mastro VC, Walters ML. Mating Disruption as a Suppression Tactic in Programs Targeting Regulated Lepidopteran Pests in US. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:590-605. [PMID: 27492468 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mating disruption, the broadcast application of sex-attractant pheromone to reduce the ability of insects to locate mates, has proven to be an effective method for suppressing populations of numerous moth pests. Since the conception of mating disruption, the species-specificity and low toxicity of pheromone applications has led to their consideration for use in area-wide programs to manage invasive moths. Case histories are presented for four such programs where the tactic was used in the United States: Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm), Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth), and Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth). Use of mating disruption against P. gossypiella and L. botrana was restricted primarily to agricultural areas and relied in part (P. gossypiella) or wholly (L. botrana) on hand-applied dispensers. In those programs, mating disruption was integrated with other suppression tactics and considered an important component of overall efforts that are leading toward eradication of the invasive pests from North America. By contrast, L. dispar and E. postvittana are polyphagous pests, where pheromone formulations have been applied aerially as stand-alone treatments across broad areas, including residential neighborhoods. For L. dispar, mating disruption has been a key component in the program to slow the spread of the infestation of this pest, and the applications generally have been well tolerated by the public. For E. postvittana, public outcry halted the use of aerially applied mating disruption after an initial series of treatments, effectively thwarting an attempt to eradicate this pest from California. Reasons for the discrepancies between these two programs are not entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lance
- USDA APHIS PPQ, CPHST Otis Laboratory, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA, 02542, USA.
| | - Donna S Leonard
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Forest Health Protection, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC, 28804, USA
| | - Victor C Mastro
- USDA APHIS PPQ, CPHST Otis Laboratory, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA, 02542, USA
| | - Michelle L Walters
- USDA APHIS PPQ, CPHST Phoenix Laboratory, 3645 E. Wier Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85040, USA
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Hopper JV, Mills NJ. Pathogenicity, prevalence and intensity of a microsporidian infection by Nosema fumiferanae postvittana in the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana , in California. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 134:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu SS, Liu YB, Simmons GS. Oxygenated Phosphine Fumigation for Control of Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Eggs on Cut-Flowers. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1630-1636. [PMID: 26470303 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), eggs were subjected to oxygenated phosphine fumigation treatments under 70% oxygen on cut flowers to determine efficacy and safety. Five cut flower species: roses, lilies, tulips, gerbera daisy, and pompon chrysanthemums, were fumigated in separate groups with 2,500 ppm phosphine for 72 h at 5°C. Egg mortality and postharvest quality of cut flowers were determined after fumigation. Egg mortalities of 99.7-100% were achieved among the cut flower species. The treatment was safe to all cut flowers except gerbera daisy. A 96-h fumigation treatment with 2,200 ppm phosphine of eggs on chrysanthemums cut flowers also did not achieve complete control of light brown apple moth eggs. A simulation of fumigation in hermetically sealed fumigation chambers with gerbera daisy showed significant accumulations of carbon dioxide and ethylene by the end of 72-h sealing. However, oxygenated phosphine fumigations with carbon dioxide and ethylene absorbents did not reduce the injury to gerbera daisy, indicating that it is likely that phosphine may directly cause the injury to gerbera daisy cut flowers. The study demonstrated that oxygenated phosphine fumigation is effective against light brown apple moth eggs. However, it may not be able to achieve the probit9 quarantine level of control and the treatment was safe to most of the cut flower species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Liu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA
| | - Yong-Biao Liu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA.
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Soopaya R, Woods B, Lacey I, Virdi A, Mafra-Neto A, Suckling DM. Feasibility of Mating Disruption for Agricultural Pest Eradication in an Urban Environment: Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Perth. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1930-1935. [PMID: 26470337 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eradication technologies are needed for urban and suburban situations, but may require different technologies from pest management in agriculture. We investigated mating disruption of a model moth species recently targeted for eradication in Californian cities, by applying dollops of SPLAT releasing a two-component sex pheromone of the light brown apple moth in 2-ha plots in low-density residential Perth, Australia. The pheromone technology was applied manually at ∼1.5 m height to street and garden trees, scrubs, and walls at 500 dollops per hectare of 0.8 g containing ∼80 mg active two-component pheromone. Catches of male moths were similar among all plots before treatment, but in treated areas (six replicates) pheromone trap catches were substantially reduced for up to 29 wk posttreatment, compared with untreated control plot catches (three replicates). The treatment with pheromone reduced catch to virgin females by 86% (P < 0.001) and reduced the occurrence of mating by 93%, compared with three equivalent untreated control plot catches (P < 0.001). Eradication programs are following an upward trend with globalization and the spread of invasive arthropods, which are often first detected in urban areas. Eradication requires a major increase in the communication distance between individuals, but this can be achieved using sex pheromone-based mating disruption technology, which is very benign and suitable for sensitive environments. The need for new socially acceptable tools for eradication in urban environments is likely to increase because of increasing need for eradications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Soopaya
- Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Bill Woods
- Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Ian Lacey
- Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Amandip Virdi
- Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. Department of Food and Agriculture, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Agenor Mafra-Neto
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia
| | - David Maxwell Suckling
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce ACT 2617, Australia. ISCA Technologies, Inc., P.O. Box 5266, Riverside, CA 92517. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand and Joint Graduate School for Plant and Food Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Rizvi SZM, Raman A. Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)-Botrytis cinerea (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae)-Vitis vinifera (Vitales: Vitaceae) Interaction: The Role of B. cinerea on the Development of E. postvittana in Synthetic Nutritional Media. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1646-1654. [PMID: 26470305 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (light-brown apple moth) is a polyphagous herbivore of economic significance, which also feeds on Vitis vinifera L. The E. postvittana-V. vinifera interacting system also involves the participation of the fungus Botrytis cinerea Persoon ex Fries. We have been exploring the relationship among E. postvittana-V. vinifera-B. cinerea over the past two years. In this article, we report the preference and performance of the larvae of E. postvittana raised solely on a synthetic diet incorporated with the mycelial material of B. cinerea (Diet B). To characterize the effect of fungus on the development of E. postvittana, another synthetic diet was prepared that included the lyophilized leaf material of V. vinifera (Diet C). When raised on Diets B and C, a decrease in the duration of larval development and an increase in the survival and fecundity rate of E. postvittana occurred. Diet B influenced the pupal mass, but a significant increase occurred when the larvae were fed on Diet C. The larval emergence rate was the greatest in E. postvittana raised on Diet B, followed by those on Diet C. The F(2) generation of the larvae reared on Diet B showed similar effects as F(1) on the life-history performance of the larvae. Diet B enhanced the life-history performance of E. postvittana, although the larvae of E. postvittana showed little preference to Diet B. The greater fertility rate of E. postvittana reared on Diet B suggests the importance of sterols as shown in Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and in a few Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which serve as precursors to different ecdysteroids that regulate many critical processes through embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z M Rizvi
- Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - A Raman
- Charles Sturt University & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, P O Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
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Ponti L, Gilioli G, Biondi A, Desneux N, Gutierrez AP. Physiologically based demographic models streamline identification and collection of data in evidence-based pest risk assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ponti
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA); Centro Ricerche Casaccia; Via Anguillarese 301 00123 Roma Italy
- Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Global (CASAS Global); Kensington CA 94707-1035 USA
| | - G. Gilioli
- Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Global (CASAS Global); Kensington CA 94707-1035 USA
- DMMT; University of Brescia; Viale Europa 11 25123 Brescia Italy
| | - A. Biondi
- University of Catania; Di3A, Via Santa Sofia 100 Catania Italy
- College of Natural Resources; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3114 USA
| | - N. Desneux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); UMR1355-ISA; 400 Route des Chappes 06903 Sophia-Antipolis France
| | - A. P. Gutierrez
- Center for the Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Global (CASAS Global); Kensington CA 94707-1035 USA
- College of Natural Resources; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3114 USA
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Bürgi LP, Roltsch WJ, Mills NJ. Allee effects and population regulation: a test for biotic resistance against an invasive leafroller by resident parasitoids. POPUL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-014-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suckling DM, Stringer LD, Baird DB, Butler RC, Sullivan TES, Lance DR, Simmons GS. Light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) colonization of California. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lack of enemy release for an invasive leafroller in California: temporal patterns and influence of host plant origin. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Suckling DM, Brockerhoff EG, Stringer LD, Butler RC, Campbell DM, Mosser LK, Cooperband MF. Communication disruption of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by using two formulations at four point source densities in vineyards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:1694-1701. [PMID: 23156166 DOI: 10.1603/ec12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Light brown apple moth [Epiphyas postvittana (Walker)] is now established as an economic and quarantine pest in California, and new technologies are being investigated to increase options for its management. Two new organic formulations for mating disruption, SPLAT LBAM HD-O and organic Hercon Biotie (biodegradable) were field tested at four point source densities (25, 72, 322, and 500/ha) and compared with the standard Isomate LBAM Plus (500/ha, as a positive control) and an untreated (negative) control. Assessment involved trapping using synthetic lures and virgin females. In total, 175,776 male light brown apple moths were caught to both the caged females and synthetic lures, from 10 February to 19 May 2011. The light brown apple moth catch dramatically decreased from baseline measurements after the treatments were applied, with the highest density treatments reducing catch to below 10% of the catch in the untreated controls within the first week (> 90% disruption). In synthetic lure traps, the SPLAT and Biotie treatment performed similarly well over all rates (P = 0.317 for posttreatment percentage communication disruption), but SPLAT performed better at disrupting virgin female traps (P = 0.045). There was a significant increase in disruption with an increasing number of points/ha (P < 0.001). Disruption of communication was similar for all three technologies (SPLAT, Biotie and Isomate) at 500 points/ha for both types of trap (P > 0.74). Disruption of this species in vineyards is thus highly feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, PB 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Suckling DM, Twidle AM, Gibb AR, Manning LM, Mitchell VJ, Sullivan TES, Wee SL, El-Sayed AM. Volatiles from apple trees infested with light brown apple moth larvae attract the parasitoid Dolichogenidia tasmanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9562-6. [PMID: 22950817 DOI: 10.1021/jf302874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The volatile compounds emitted from uninfested apple seedlings, cv. Royal Gala, and apple seedlings infested with generalist herbivore Epiphyas postvittana larvae were sampled using headspace collection and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nine additional compounds were only detected in infested apple seedlings [including benzyl alcohol, (E)-β-ocimene, benzyl cyanide, indole, (E)-nerolidol, and four unidentified compounds]. Infested apple seedlings produced larger amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate than uninfested plants. Female parasitoids flew exclusively upwind to infested and not to uninfested apple seedlings in wind tunnel choice tests and preferred infested leaflets in still air, even after the removal of larvae. The attraction of a parasitoid to infested apple seedlings in the laboratory and in the field to apple and many other plants in at least six families supports considerable generality of the tritrophic signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute Plant and Food Research Limited , Post Office Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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A fast-track for invasion: invasive plants promote the performance of an invasive herbivore. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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