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Ma M, Zhuang J, Li H, Mi R, Song Y, Yang W, Lu Y, Shen X, Wu Y, Shen H. Low expression of ZFP36L1 in osteosarcoma promotes lung metastasis by inhibiting the SDC4-TGF-β signaling feedback loop. Oncogene 2024; 43:47-60. [PMID: 37935976 PMCID: PMC10766520 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
ZFP36L1, which is a negative regulator of gene transcripts, has been proven to regulate the progression of several carcinomas. However, its role in sarcoma remains unknown. Here, by using data analyses and in vivo experiments, we found that ZFP36L1 inhibited the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). Knockdown of ZFP36L1 promoted OS cell migration by activating TGF-β signaling and increasing SDC4 expression. Intriguingly, we observed a positive feedback loop between SDC4 and TGF-β signaling. SDC4 protected TGFBR3 from matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated cleavage and therefore relieved the inhibition of TGF-β signaling by soluble TGFBR3, while TGF-β signaling positively regulated SDC4 transcription. We also proved that ZFP36L1 regulated SDC4 mRNA decay through adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in its 3'UTR. Furthermore, treatment with SB431542 (a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor) and MK2 inhibitor III (a MAPKAPK2 inhibitor that increases the ability of ZFP36L1 to degrade mRNA) dramatically inhibited OS lung metastasis, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of OS lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yihui Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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2
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Yustein JT. Deciphering the Signaling Mechanisms of Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11367. [PMID: 37511127 PMCID: PMC10379831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric and adolescent populations. It has high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. In contrast to many other sarcomas, OS lacks conserved translocations or genetic mutations; instead, it has heterogeneous abnormalities, including somatic DNA copy number alteration, ploidy, chromosomal amplification, and chromosomal loss and gain. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes have not significantly improved in over 30 years. Currently, no effective molecularly targeted therapies are available for this disease. Several genomic studies showed inactivation in the tumor suppressor genes, including p53, RB, and ATRX, and hyperactivation of the tumor promoter genes, including MYC and MDM2, in OS. Alterations in the major signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog/Gli, TGF-β, RTKs, RANK/RANKL, and NF-κB signaling pathways, have been identified in OS development and metastasis. Although OS treatment is currently based on surgical excision and systematic multiagent therapies, several potential targeted therapies are in development. This review focuses on the major signaling pathways of OS, and we propose a biological rationale to consider novel and targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K Nirala
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taku Yamamichi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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3
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Sun Y, Zhang C, Fang Q, Zhang W, Liu W. Abnormal signal pathways and tumor heterogeneity in osteosarcoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:99. [PMID: 36759884 PMCID: PMC9912612 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent and aggressive primary malignant sarcoma among adolescents and chemotherapy has not substantially progressed for decades. New insights into OS development and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. METHODS We analyzed integrated single-cell transcriptomes, bulk RNA-seq, and microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. We also used Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), along with Simple ClinVar and Enrichr web servers. RESULTS The findings of integrated single-cell analysis showed that OS arises from imperfect osteogenesis during development. Novel abnormalities comprised deficient TGFβ and P53 signal pathways, and cell cycle pathway activation, and a potentially new driver mutation in the interferon induced transmembrane protein 5 (IFITM5) that might function as a pathogenic factor in OS. Osteosarcoma is characterized by oncocyte heterogeneity, especially in immunogenic and adipocyte-like subtypes that respectively promote and hamper OS treatment. Etoposide is a promising chemotherapeutic that provides palliation by affecting the subtype of OS and correcting the abnormal pathways. CONCLUSION Various abnormal signal pathways play indispensable roles in OS development. We explored the heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of OS and generated findings that will assist with OS assessment and selecting optimal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Sun
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People’s Republic of China ,grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chunming Zhang
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongxuan Fang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Goswami KK, Bose A, Baral R. Macrophages in tumor: An inflammatory perspective. Clin Immunol 2021; 232:108875. [PMID: 34740843 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of carefully co-ordinated healing immune exercise to eliminate injurious stimuli. However, in substantial number of cancer types, it contributes in shaping up of robust tumor microenvironment (TME). Solid TME promotes infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that contributes to cancer promotion. TAMs are functionally heterogeneous and display an extraordinary degree of plasticity, which allow 'Switching' of macrophages into an 'M2', phenotype, linked with immunosuppression, advancement of tumor angiogenesis with metastatic consequences. In contrary to the classical M1 macrophages, these M2 TAMs are high-IL-10, TGF-β secreting-'anti-inflammatory'. In this review, we will discuss the modes of infiltration and switching of TAMs into M2 anti-inflammatory state in the TME to promote immunosuppression and inflammation-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Kanti Goswami
- Department of Microbiology, Asutosh College, 92, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India.
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
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5
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Niu J, Yan T, Guo W, Wang W, Zhao Z, Ren T, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yu Y, Liang X. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Osteosarcoma Using Bioinformatics Strategy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1628. [PMID: 32974202 PMCID: PMC7471873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most aggressive malignant bone tumors worldwide. Although great advancements have been made in its treatment owing to the advent of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the problem of lung metastasis is a major obstacle in the improvement of survival outcomes. Thus, the aim of the present study is to screen novel and key biomarkers, which may act as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. We utilized the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method to integrate three osteosarcoma microarray datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and we identified the robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary and metastatic osteosarcoma tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the functions of robust DEGs. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the robust DEGs were closely associated with osteosarcoma development and progression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was also conducted by CIBERSORT algorithm, and we found that macrophages are the most principal infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma, especially macrophages M0 and M2. Then, the protein–protein interaction network and key modules were constructed by Cytoscape, and 10 hub genes were selected by plugin cytoHubba from the whole network. The survival analysis of hub genes was also carried out based on the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. The integrated bioinformatics analysis was utilized to provide new insight into osteosarcoma development and metastasis and identified EGR1, CXCL10, MYC, and CXCR4 as potential biomarkers for prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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TGFβ Imprinting During Activation Promotes Natural Killer Cell Cytokine Hypersecretion. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110423. [PMID: 30400618 PMCID: PMC6267005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that inhibits the anti-tumor responses of NK cells and T cells. However, the stimulation of natural killer (NK) cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines decreases NK cell sensitivity to TGFβ. Herein, we sought to determine if TGFβ imprinting (TGFβi) during NK cell activation and expansion would decrease NK cell sensitivity to TGFβ suppression. To this end, we demonstrate that the activation of NK cells during chronic IL-2 stimulation and TGFβi potently induces NK cell hypersecretion of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in response to tumor targets which persists for at least one month in vitro after the removal of TGFβ. TGFβi NK cell cytokine hypersecretion is induced following both cytokine and tumor activation. Further, TGFβi NK cells have a marked suppression of SMAD3 and T-bet which is associated with altered chromatin accessibility. In contrast to their heightened cytokine secretion, TGFβi NK cells downregulate several activating receptors, granzyme and perforin, and upregulate TRAIL, leading to cell-line-specific alterations in cytotoxicity. These findings may impact our understanding of how TGFβ affects NK cell development and anti-tumor function.
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7
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Xie L, Yao Z, Zhang Y, Li D, Hu F, Liao Y, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Huang Z, He Z, Han L, Yang Y, Yang Z. Deep RNA sequencing reveals the dynamic regulation of miRNA, lncRNAs, and mRNAs in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:772. [PMID: 29991755 PMCID: PMC6039476 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common pediatric malignant bone tumor, and occurrence of pulmonary metastasis generally causes a rapid and fatal outcome. Here we aimed to provide clues for exploring the mechanism of tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis for OS by comprehensive analysis of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and mRNA expression in primary OS and OS pulmonary metastasis. In this study, deep sequencing with samples from primary OS (n = 3), pulmonary metastatic OS (n = 3), and normal controls (n = 3) was conducted and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between primary OS and normal controls as well as pulmonary metastatic and primary OS were identified. A total of 65 DEmiRNAs, 233 DElncRNAs, and 1405 DEmRNAs were obtained between primary OS and normal controls; 48 DEmiRNAs, 50 DElncRNAs, and 307 DEmRNAs were obtained between pulmonary metastatic and primary OS. Then, the target DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs regulated by the same DEmiRNAs were searched and the OS tumorigenesis-related and OS pulmonary metastasis-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed, respectively. Based on these ceRNA networks and Venn diagram analysis, we obtained 3 DEmiRNAs, 15 DElncRNAs, and 100 DEmRNAs, and eight target pairs including miR-223-5p/(CLSTN2, AC009951.1, LINC01705, AC090673.1), miR-378b/(ALX4, IGSF3, SULF1), and miR-323b-3p/TGFBR3 were involved in both tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis of OS. The TGF-β superfamily co-receptor TGFBR3, which is regulated by miR-323b-3p, acts as a tumor suppressor in OS tumorigenesis and acts as a tumor promoter in pulmonary metastatic OS via activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program.In conclusion, the OS transcriptome (miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA) is dynamically regulated. These analyses might provide new clues to uncover the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks that contribute to OS progression, toward patient-tailored and novel-targeted treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Computational Biology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengdi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeyong Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Zewei He
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Han
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Research Center of Yunnan Province, Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
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8
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Verrecchia F, Rédini F. Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Plays a Pivotal Role in the Interplay Between Osteosarcoma Cells and Their Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:133. [PMID: 29761075 PMCID: PMC5937053 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most frequent form of primary bone tumors and mainly affect children, adolescents, and young adults. Despite encouraging progress in therapeutic management, including the advent of multidrug chemotherapy, the survival rates have remained unchanged for more than four decades: 75% at 5 years for localized disease, but two groups of patients are still at high risk: metastatic at diagnosis (overall survival around 40% at 5 years) and/or poor responders to chemotherapy (20% at 5 years). Because these tumors are classified as “complex genomic,” it is extremely difficult to determine the signaling pathways that might be targeted by specific therapies. A hypothesis has thus emerged, stating that the particular microenvironment of these tumors may interfere with the tumor cells that promote chemoresistance and the dissemination of metastases. The stroma is composed of a large number of cell types (immune cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, etc.) which secrete growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which favors the development of primary tumors and dissemination of metastases by constituting a permissive niche at primary and distant sites. Rather than targeting the tumor cells themselves, which are very heterogeneous in osteosarcoma, the hypothesis is instead to target the key actors secreted in the microenvironment, such as TGF-βs, which play a part in tumor progression. In the last decade, numerous studies have shown that overexpression of TGF-β is a hallmark of many cancers, including primary bone tumors. In this context, TGF-β signaling has emerged as a crucial factor in the cross talk between tumor cells and stroma cells in poor-prognosis cancers. Secretion of TGF-β by tumor cells or stroma cells can effectively act in a paracrine manner to regulate the phenotype and functions of the microenvironment to stimulate protumorigenic microenvironmental changes. TGF-β can thus exert its protumorigenic function in primary bone tumors by promoting angiogenesis, bone remodeling and cell migration, and by inhibiting immunosurveillance. This review focuses on the involvement of TGF-β signaling in primary bone tumor development, and the related therapeutic options that may be possible for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Verrecchia
- UMR1238 INSERM, Université de Nantes, PHY-OS, "Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues", Medical School, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- UMR1238 INSERM, Université de Nantes, PHY-OS, "Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues", Medical School, Nantes, France
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9
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Lamora A, Talbot J, Mullard M, Brounais-Le Royer B, Redini F, Verrecchia F. TGF-β Signaling in Bone Remodeling and Osteosarcoma Progression. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5110096. [PMID: 27827889 PMCID: PMC5126793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most prevalent malignant primary bone tumors in children. Despite intensive efforts to improve both chemotherapeutics and surgical management, 40% of all osteosarcoma patients succumb to the disease. Specifically, the clinical outcome for metastatic osteosarcoma remains poor; less than 30% of patients who present metastases will survive five years after initial diagnosis. Treating metastatic osteosarcoma thus remains a challenge. One of the main characteristics of osteosarcomas is their ability to deregulate bone remodelling. The invasion of bone tissue by tumor cells indeed affects the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. This deregulation induces the release of cytokines or growth factors initially trapped in the bone matrix, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which in turn promote tumor progression. Over the past years, there has been considerable interest in the TGF-β pathway within the cancer research community. This review discusses the involvement of the TGF-β signalling pathway in osteosarcoma development and in their metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lamora
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
- INSERM Liliane Bettencourt School, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Julie Talbot
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Mathilde Mullard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Benedicte Brounais-Le Royer
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Françoise Redini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2012, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.
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10
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Alfranca A, Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Abarrategi A, Amaral T, de Alava E, Menendez P, Garcia-Castro J, Rodriguez R. Bone microenvironment signals in osteosarcoma development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3097-113. [PMID: 25935149 PMCID: PMC11113487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone is a complex connective tissue composed of many different cell types such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells, among others. The interaction between them is finely balanced through the processes of bone formation and bone remodeling, which regulates the production and biological activity of many soluble factors and extracellular matrix components needed to maintain the bone homeostasis in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Osteosarcoma (OS) emerges in this complex environment as a result of poorly defined oncogenic events arising in osteogenic lineage precursors. Increasing evidence supports that similar to normal development, the bone microenvironment (BME) underlies OS initiation and progression. Here, we recapitulate the physiological processes that regulate bone homeostasis and review the current knowledge about how OS cells and BME communicate and interact, describing how these interactions affect OS cell growth, metastasis, cancer stem cell fate and therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Alfranca
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Castro
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Grilli A, Sciandra M, Terracciano M, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Integrated approaches to miRNAs target definition: time-series analysis in an osteosarcoma differentiative model. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:34. [PMID: 26123714 PMCID: PMC4486310 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the fine regulation of several cellular processes by inhibiting their target genes at post-transcriptional level. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a tumor thought to be related to a molecular blockade of the normal process of osteoblast differentiation. The current paper explores temporal transcriptional modifications comparing an osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2, and clones stably transfected with CD99, a molecule which was found to drive OS cells to terminally differentiate. Methods Parental cell line and CD99 transfectants were cultured up to 14 days in differentiating medium. In this setting, OS cells were profiled by gene and miRNA expression arrays. Integration of gene and miRNA profiling was performed by both sequence complementarity and expression correlation. Further enrichment and network analyses were carried out to focus on the modulated pathways and on the interactions between transcriptome and miRNome. To track the temporal transcriptional modification, a PCA analysis with differentiated human MSC was performed. Results We identified a strong (about 80 %) gene down-modulation where reversion towards the osteoblast-like phenotype matches significant enrichment in TGFbeta signaling players like AKT1 and SMADs. In parallel, we observed the modulation of several cancer-related microRNAs like miR-34a, miR-26b or miR-378. To decipher their impact on the modified transcriptional program in CD99 cells, we correlated gene and microRNA time-series data miR-34a, in particular, was found to regulate a distinct subnetwork of genes with respect to the rest of the other differentially expressed miRs and it appeared to be the main mediator of several TGFbeta signaling genes at initial and middle phases of differentiation. Integration studies further highlighted the involvement of TGFbeta pathway in the differentiation of OS cells towards osteoblasts and its regulation by microRNAs. Conclusions These data underline that the expression of miR-34a and down-modulation of TGFbeta signaling emerge as pivotal events to drive CD99-mediated reversal of malignancy and activation of differentiation in OS cells. Our results describe crucial and specific interacting actors providing and supporting their relevance as potential targets for therapeutic differentiative strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0106-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grilli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Sciandra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,PROMETEO, STB, RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Terracciano
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - P Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - K Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,PROMETEO, STB, RIT Department, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Portela RF, Fadl-Alla BA, Pondenis HC, Byrum ML, Garrett LD, Wycislo KL, Borst LB, Fan TM. Pro-tumorigenic effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 in canine osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:894-904. [PMID: 24684686 PMCID: PMC4895458 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that contributes to reparative skeletal remodeling by inducing osteoblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Organic bone matrix is the largest bodily reservoir for latent TGFβ1, and active osteoblasts express cognate receptors for TGFβ1 (TGFβRI and TGFβRII). During malignant osteolysis, TGFβ1 is liberated from eroded bone matrix and promotes local progression of osteotropic solid tumors by its mitogenic and prosurvival activities. HYPOTHESIS Canine osteosarcoma (OS) cells will possess TGFβ1 signaling machinery. Blockade of TGFβ1 signaling will attenuate pro-tumorigenic activities in OS cells. Naturally occurring primary OS samples will express cognate TGFβ1 receptors; and in dogs with OS, focal malignant osteolysis will contribute to circulating TGFβ1 concentrations. ANIMALS Thirty-three dogs with appendicular OS. METHODS Expression of TGFβ1 and its cognate receptors, as well as the biologic effects of TGFβ1 blockade, was characterized in OS cells. Ten spontaneous OS samples were characterized for TGFβRI/II expressions by immunohistochemistry. In 33 dogs with OS, plasma TGFβ1 concentrations were quantified and correlated with bone resorption. RESULTS Canine OS cells secrete TGFβ1, express cognate receptors, and TGFβ1 signaling blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. Naturally occurring OS samples abundantly and uniformly express TGFβRI/II, and in OS-bearing dogs, circulating TGFβ1 concentrations correlate with urine N-telopeptide excretion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Canine OS cells possess TGFβ1 signaling machinery, potentially allowing for the establishment of an autocrine and paracrine pro-tumorigenic signaling loop. As such, TGFβ1 inhibitors might impede localized OS progression in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Portela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, NC
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13
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Zhang H, Wu H, Zheng J, Yu P, Xu L, Jiang P, Gao J, Wang H, Zhang Y. Transforming growth factor β1 signal is crucial for dedifferentiation of cancer cells to cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. Stem Cells 2014; 31:433-46. [PMID: 23225703 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma harbors a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that is believed to be associated with tumor metastasis, radioresistance/chemoresistance, local invasion, and poor clinical outcome. In this study, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling and a hypoxic environment dramatically induced self-renewal capacity in non-stem osteosarcoma cells, which in turn promoted chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, neovasculogenesis, and metastatic potential. Furthermore, blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway resulted in the inhibition of the dedifferentiation and clonogenicity of osteosarcoma cells, and the reduction of CSC self-renewal capacity and hypoxia-mediated dedifferentiation. These findings demonstrate that stem cells and non-stem cells exist in a dynamic equilibrium within the osteosarcoma cell population, and that CSCs may develop de novo from differentiated cancer cells. Hierarchical models of mammalian CSCs, therefore, should be considered to serve as bidirectional interconversion between the stem and non-stem cell components of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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The activities of Smad and Gli mediated signalling pathways in high-grade conventional osteosarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:3429-38. [PMID: 22868198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High-grade conventional osteosarcoma is a malignant tumour predominantly affecting adolescents and, despite multimodal intensive therapy, lethal for one third of the patients. Although there is currently detailed knowledge of normal skeletal development, this has not been integrated into research on the genesis of osteosarcoma. Recently we showed that the canonical Wnt pathway is not active in osteosarcoma and that its reactivation is disadvantageous to osteosarcoma cells. Since Wnt is regulating normal skeletogenesis together with other pathways, here we report on the activities of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP), the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and the hedgehog (Hh) pathways in osteosarcoma. Human osteosarcoma samples (n=210), benign bone tumours of osteoblastic lineage called osteoblastoma (n=25) and osteosarcoma cell lines (n=19) were examined. For pathway activity luciferase transcriptional reporter assays and gene and protein expression analyses were performed. Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated Smad1 and Smad2, the intracellular effectors of BMP and TGFβ, respectively, showed nuclear expression of both proteins in 70% of the osteosarcoma samples at levels comparable to osteoblastoma. Interestingly cases with lower expression showed significantly worse disease free survival. This may imply that drugs restoring impaired signalling pathways in osteosarcoma might change the tumour's aggressive clinical course, however targeted pathway modulation in vitro did not affect cell proliferation.
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15
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Navid F, Letterio JJ, Yeung CL, Pegtel M, Helman LJ. Autocrine Transforming Growth Factor-beta Growth Pathway in Murine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines Associated with Inability to Affect Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein. Sarcoma 2011; 4:93-102. [PMID: 18521287 PMCID: PMC2395437 DOI: 10.1080/13577140020008057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Production of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β )
by human osteosarcoma may contribute to malignant progression through mechanisms
that include induction of angiogenesis, immune suppression and autocrine growth
stimulation of tumor cell growth.To study events associated with induction of cell proliferation
by TGF-β , we have evaluated the TGF-β pathway in two murine osteosarcoma cell lines, K7
and K12. Results. Northern and immunohistochemical analyses show that each cell
line expressesTGF-β1 and TGF-β3 mRNA and protein. Both cell lines secrete activeTGF-β 1
and display a 30–50% reduction in growth when cultured in the presence of a TGF-β blocking
antibody. Expression of TGF-β receptors TβRI, TβRII and TβRIII is demonstrated by affinity
labeling with 125
-TGF-β 1, and the intermediates, Smads 2, 3 and 4, are uniformly expressed.
Smads 2 and 3 are phosphorylated in response toTGF-β , while pRb phosphorylation in each
osteosarcoma cell line is not affected by either exogenousTGF-β or TGF-β antibody. Conclusions. The data implicate events downstream of Smad activation,
including impaired regulation of pRb, in the lack of a growth inhibitory response toTGF-β ,
and indicate that this murine model of osteosarcoma is valid for investigating the roles of
autocrineTGF-β in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Navid
- Pediatric Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892-1928 USA
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Laverty HG, Wakefield LM, Occleston NL, O'Kane S, Ferguson MWJ. TGF-beta3 and cancer: a review. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:305-17. [PMID: 19656717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the development of growth factors and growth factor modulators as therapeutics for a range of disorders, it is prudent to consider whether modulating the growth factor profile in a tissue can influence tumour initiation or progression. As recombinant human TGF-beta3 (avotermin) is being developed for the improvement of scarring in the skin it is important to understand the role, if any, of this cytokine in tumour progression. Elevated levels of TGF-beta3 expression detected in late-stage tumours have linked this cytokine with tumourigenesis, although functional data to support a causative role are lacking. While it has proved tempting for researchers to interpret a 'correlation' as a 'cause' of disease, what has often been overlooked is the normal biological role of TGF-beta3 in processes that are often subverted in tumourigenesis. Clarifying the role of this cytokine is complicated by inappropriate extrapolation of the data relating to TGF-beta1 in tumourigenesis, despite marked differences in biology between the TGF-beta isoforms. Indeed, published studies have indicated that TGF-beta3 may actually play a protective role against tumourigenesis in a range of tissues including the skin, breast, oral and gastric mucosa. Based on currently available data it is reasonable to hypothesize that administration of acute low doses of exogenous TGF-beta3 is unlikely to influence tumour initiation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Laverty
- Renovo Group Plc, Core Technology Facility, 48 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9XX, UK
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17
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Yamamoto T, Akisue T, Marui T, Fujita I, Matsumoto K, Hitora T, Kawamoto T, Nagira K, Nakatani T, Kurosaka M. Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β Isoforms and Their Receptors in Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Soft Tissues. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:5804-7. [PMID: 15355909 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0770-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional growth factor that variably affects proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation. Little information is currently available on the TGF-beta expression in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors in human MFH specimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of TGF isoforms, and TGF-beta receptors (TGF-beta R1 and -beta R2) were immunohistochemically evaluated in 43 paraffin-embedded MFH specimens. Furthermore, the correlation of the TGF-beta and receptor expression with tumor proliferative activity assessed by MIB-1 indices was analyzed. RESULTS Positive immunoreactivity for TGF-beta1, -beta2, and -beta 3 was identified in tumor cells of 42, 40, and 38 of the 43 MFHs, respectively. In each TGF-beta isoform immunostaining, the specimens were divided into two groups based on the number of positive tumor cells: those with low (<25%) and those with high (>==25%) immunoreactivity. There were no statistically significant differences in the MIB-1 indices between the two groups. Positive immunoreactivity for TGF-beta R1 and -beta R2 was identified in tumor cells of 36 and 24 of the MFHs, respectively. The specimens were divided into two groups based on their receptor expression patterns: those with both TGF-beta R1- and -beta R2-positive immunoreactivity (n = 23), and those with both or either TGF-beta R1- and -beta R2-negative immunoreactivity (n = 20). The MIB-1 indices in the both-TGF-beta R1- and -beta R2-positive group were significantly higher than those in the other group (P = 0.0102). There was no significant difference in pulmonary metastasis ratios between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest an association of the TGF-beta ligand/receptor system with a significantly higher MIB-1 index in human MFHs. Investigation of the TGF-beta R1 and -beta R2 coexpression might be useful in predicting tumor behavior of MFHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Tsuchiya H, Kanazawa Y, Abdel-Wanis ME, Asada N, Abe S, Isu K, Sugita T, Tomita K. Effect of timing of pulmonary metastases identification on prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma: the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3470-7. [PMID: 12177108 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognostic value of the time of identification of lung metastasis was investigated in 280 patients with metastatic lung osteosarcoma as a multi-institutional study of the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. PATIENTS AND METHODS The 280 patients with lung metastasis were divided into four groups: group 1, patients with lung metastasis identified at initial presentation; group 2, those with lung metastasis identified during preoperative chemotherapy; group 3, those with lung metastasis identified during postoperative chemotherapy, and group 4, those with lung metastasis identified after completion of treatment. Survivals of the four groups were compared. Additionally, the effects of number of metastatic nodules, metastasectomy, and the effect of chemotherapy on the primary tumor on survival of the four groups were analyzed. RESULTS There were 46 patients in group 1, 30 in group 2, 94 in group 3, and 110 in group 4. The overall 2-year survival rates from the time of identification of lung metastasis were 33%, 31%, 24%, and 40% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, whereas the 5-year survival rates were 18%, 0%, 6%, and 31%, respectively. Patients in group 4 thus demonstrated significantly better prognosis than any of the other patients (P <.0001). CONCLUSION Time of identification of lung metastasis is an important prognostic factor. In terms of clinical behavior, groups 2 and 3 are completely different than group 4. These data ensure the need to stratify stage III osteosarcomas into subgroups according to the time of diagnosis of lung metastases. To improve the survival of osteosarcoma patients, new treatment modalities should be introduced into the treatment armamentarium for lung metastasis from osteosarcoma, especially in groups 1, 2, and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Zhang XM, Xu Q. Metastatic melanoma cells escape from immunosurveillance through the novel mechanism of releasing nitric oxide to induce dysfunction of immunocytes. Melanoma Res 2001; 11:559-67. [PMID: 11725202 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200112000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to facilitate tumour metastasis through the promotion of angiogenesis, vascular dilation, platelet aggregation, etc. In the present study we explored its novel role in producing dysfunction of the host immune system in the metastasis of murine metastatic melanoma B16-BL6 cells. A significant reduction in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was observed in the spleen cells from B16-BL6-bearing mice, but not in those from mice bearing the parent cell B16. When B16-BL6 cells were added in vitro to the MLR, a significant decrease was also found, even when they were co-cultured with the lymphocytes in two compartments of a Transwell chamber separated by an 8.0 microm filter. The supernatant from cultured B16-BL6 but not B16 cells, which had a greatly increased NO activity, significantly inhibited concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation. A remarkably higher expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was detected in B16-BL6 cells than in B16 cells. Nomega-Nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), a NO synthase inhibitor and superoxide dismutase, significantly antagonized the above inhibition by B16-BL6 cells, while l-arginine, a NO precursor, and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine, a NO donor, strengthened the inhibition. Furthermore, l-NNA significantly inhibited lung metastasis of B16-BL6 cells, while l-arginine tended to enhance the metastasis. The cytotoxicity of B16-BL6-specific T-cells was significantly decreased by pre-culture with B16-BL6 cells in a Transwell chamber or the culture supernatants of B16-BL6 cells, whereas l-iminoethyl-lysine, a selective inhibitor of iNOS, showed a significant recovery from the disease. These results suggest that NO released by metastatic tumour cells may impair the immune system, which facilitates the escape from immunosurveillance and metastasis of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, The People's Republic of China
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Yang RS, Huang TF. Rhodostomin inhibits the transforming growth factor-beta1-enhanced adhesion activity of ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2000; 191:145-55. [PMID: 10997555 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.191.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on the in vitro adhesion activity of the rat osteosarcoma cell lines (ROS 17/2.8) to extracellular matrix substrata, including fibronectin, type I and IV collagen, as well as laminin. The interaction of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and rhodostomin, an RGD containing snake venom, with TGF-beta1 on the cell adhesion was also evaluated. The results showed that incubation with various concentration of TGF-beta1 (1-15 ng/ml) significantly increased the adhesion activity (1.4 to 2.5 folds) of ROS 17/2.8 to fibronectin and type I collagen (p<0.01), whereas the adhesion activity to laminin and type IV collagen was slightly elevated (1.1 to 1.5 folds). The peak effect of TGF-beta1 on the cell adhesion occurred after pretreatment of ROS 17/2.8 with TGF-beta1 for 6 hours. Treatment with Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and rhodostomin effectively suppressed the TGF-beta1-enhanced adhesion activity to fibronectin and type I collagen. This study demonstrated that the up-regulated cell adhesion activity of ROS 17/2.8 cells by the TGF-beta1 can be inhibited by the rhodostomin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
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