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Koo Y, Han W, Keum BR, Lutz L, Yun SH, Kim GH, Han JK. RNF2 regulates Wnt/ß-catenin signaling via TCF7L1 destabilization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19750. [PMID: 37957244 PMCID: PMC10643375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of various biological processes, such as development and cancer. The downstream transcription factors in this pathway play a vital role in determining the threshold for signaling induction and the length of the response, which vary depending on the biological context. Among the four transcription factors involved in canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, TCF7L1 is known to possess an inhibitory function; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the E3 ligase, RNF2, as a novel positive regulator of the Wnt pathway. Here, we demonstrate that RNF2 promotes the degradation of TCF7L1 through its ubiquitination upon activation of Wnt signaling. Loss-of-function studies have shown that RNF2 consistently destabilizes nuclear TCF7L1 and is required for proper Wnt target gene transcription in response to Wnt activation. Furthermore, our results revealed that RNF2 controls the threshold, persistence, and termination of Wnt signaling by regulating TCF7L1. Overall, our study sheds light on the previously unknown degradation mechanism of TCF7L1 by a specific E3 ligase, RNF2, and provides new insights into the variability in cellular responses to Wnt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmu Koo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Han
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Byeong-Rak Keum
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Lutz
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Athanasouli P, Balli M, De Jaime-Soguero A, Boel A, Papanikolaou S, van der Veer BK, Janiszewski A, Vanhessche T, Francis A, El Laithy Y, Nigro AL, Aulicino F, Koh KP, Pasque V, Cosma MP, Verfaillie C, Zwijsen A, Heindryckx B, Nikolaou C, Lluis F. The Wnt/TCF7L1 transcriptional repressor axis drives primitive endoderm formation by antagonizing naive and formative pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1210. [PMID: 36869101 PMCID: PMC9984534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early during preimplantation development and in heterogeneous mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) culture, pluripotent cells are specified towards either the primed epiblast or the primitive endoderm (PE) lineage. Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for safeguarding naive pluripotency and embryo implantation, yet the role and relevance of canonical Wnt inhibition during early mammalian development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional repression exerted by Wnt/TCF7L1 promotes PE differentiation of mESCs and in preimplantation inner cell mass. Time-series RNA sequencing and promoter occupancy data reveal that TCF7L1 binds and represses genes encoding essential naive pluripotency factors and indispensable regulators of the formative pluripotency program, including Otx2 and Lef1. Consequently, TCF7L1 promotes pluripotency exit and suppresses epiblast lineage formation, thereby driving cells into PE specification. Conversely, TCF7L1 is required for PE specification as deletion of Tcf7l1 abrogates PE differentiation without restraining epiblast priming. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of transcriptional Wnt inhibition in regulating lineage specification in ESCs and preimplantation embryo development as well as identifies TCF7L1 as key regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Balli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papanikolaou
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.,Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernard K van der Veer
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vanhessche
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Lee SJ, Kim J, Han G, Hong SP, Kim D, Cho C. Impaired Blastocyst Formation in Lnx2-Knockdown Mouse Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021385. [PMID: 36674899 PMCID: PMC9867088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand of Numb-protein X 2 (LNX2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is known to regulate Notch signaling by participating in NUMB protein degradation. Notch signaling is important for differentiation and proliferation in mammals, and plays a significant role in blastocyst formation during early embryonic development. In this study, we investigated Lnx2 in mouse preimplantation embryos. Expression analysis showed that Lnx2 is expressed in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Lnx2-knockdown embryos normally progress to the morula stage, but the majority of them do not develop into normal blastocysts. Transcript analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes critical for cell lineage specification, including octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), are increased in Lnx2 knockdown embryos. Furthermore, the expression levels of Notch and Hippo signaling-related genes are also increased by Lnx2 knockdown. Collectively, our results show that Lnx2 is important for blastocyst formation in mice, suggest that this may act via lineage specification of inner cell mass, and further show that Lnx2 may be involved in transcriptionally regulating various genes implicated in early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gwidong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghee Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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New insights into the epitranscriptomic control of pluripotent stem cell fate. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1643-1651. [PMID: 36266446 PMCID: PMC9636187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell in the human body has a distinguishable fate. Pluripotent stem cells are challenged with a myriad of lineage differentiation options. Defects are more likely to be fatal to stem cells than to somatic cells due to the broad impact of the former on early development. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that determine the fate of stem cells is needed. The mechanisms by which human pluripotent stem cells, although not fully equipped with complex chromatin structures or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, accurately control gene expression and are important to the stem cell field. In this review, we examine the events driving pluripotent stem cell fate and the underlying changes in gene expression during early development. In addition, we highlight the role played by the epitranscriptome in the regulation of gene expression that is necessary for each fate-related event.
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Vasileva NS, Kuligina EV, Dymova MA, Savinovskaya YI, Zinchenko ND, Ageenko AB, Mishinov SV, Dome AS, Stepanov GA, Richter VA, Semenov DV. Transcriptome Changes in Glioma Cells Cultivated under Conditions of Neurosphere Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193106. [PMID: 36231068 PMCID: PMC9563256 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and heterogeneous primary brain tumor. The development of a new relevant preclinical models is necessary. As research moves from cultures of adherent gliomas to a more relevant model, neurospheres, it is necessary to understand the changes that cells undergo at the transcriptome level. In the present work, we used three patient-derived gliomas and two immortalized glioblastomas, while their cultivation was carried out under adherent culture and neurosphere (NS) conditions. When comparing the transcriptomes of monolayer (ML) and NS cell cultures, we used Enrichr genes sets enrichment analysis to describe transcription factors (TFs) and the pathways involved in the formation of glioma NS. It was observed that NS formation is accompanied by the activation of five common gliomas of TFs, SOX2, UBTF, NFE2L2, TCF3 and STAT3. The sets of transcripts controlled by TFs MYC and MAX were suppressed in NS. Upregulated genes are involved in the processes of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stemness, invasion and migration of glioma cells. However, MYC/MAX-dependent downregulated genes are involved in translation, focal adhesion and apical junction. Furthermore, we found three EGFR and FGFR signaling feedback regulators common to all analyzed gliomas-SPRY4, ERRFI1, and RAB31-which can be used for creating new therapeutic strategies of suppressing the invasion and progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Vasileva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Kuligina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maya A. Dymova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulya I. Savinovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita D. Zinchenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alisa B. Ageenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Mishinov
- Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan, Department of Neurosurgery, Frunze Street 17, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anton S. Dome
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Semenov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +73-833635189
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6
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Andersson E, Sjö M, Kaji K, Olariu V. CELLoGeNe - An energy landscape framework for logical networks controlling cell decisions. iScience 2022; 25:104743. [PMID: 35942105 PMCID: PMC9356104 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and computational efforts are constantly made to elucidate mechanisms controlling cell fate decisions during development and reprogramming. One powerful computational method is to consider cell commitment and reprogramming as movements in an energy landscape. Here, we develop Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks (CELLoGeNe), which maps Boolean implementation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) into energy landscapes. CELLoGeNe removes inadvertent symmetries in the energy landscapes normally arising from standard Boolean operators. Furthermore, CELLoGeNe provides tools to visualize and stochastically analyze the shapes of multi-dimensional energy landscapes corresponding to epigenetic landscapes for development and reprogramming. We demonstrate CELLoGeNe on two GRNs governing different aspects of induced pluripotent stem cells, identifying experimentally validated attractors and revealing potential reprogramming roadblocks. CELLoGeNe is a general framework that can be applied to various biological systems offering a broad picture of intracellular dynamics otherwise inaccessible with existing methods. CELLoGeNe – Computation of Energy Landscapes of Logical Gene Networks Cell states as landscape attractors Maintenance and acquisition of cell pluripotency applications Single cell stochastic landscape navigation and visualization tool
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7
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Yahya N, Linge A, Leger K, Maile T, Kemper M, Haim D, Jöhrens K, Troost EGC, Krause M, Löck S. Assessment of gene expressions from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to predict radiochemotherapy-related xerostomia and dysphagia. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:856-863. [PMID: 35657056 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that gene expressions from biopsies of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients can supplement dose-volume parameters to predict dysphagia and xerostomia following primary radiochemotherapy (RCTx). MATERIAL AND METHODS A panel of 178 genes previously related to radiochemosensitivity of HNSCC was considered for nanoString analysis based on tumour biopsies of 90 patients with locally advanced HNSCC treated by primary RCTx. Dose-volume parameters were extracted from the parotid, submandibular glands, oral cavity, larynx, buccal mucosa, and lips. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models were developed for acute, late, and for the improvement of xerostomia grade ≥2 and dysphagia grade ≥3 using a cross-validation-based least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach combined with stepwise logistic regression for feature selection. The final signatures were included in a logistic regression model with optimism correction. Performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS NTCP models for acute and late xerostomia and the improvement of dysphagia resulted in optimism-corrected AUC values of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.70, respectively. The minimum dose to the contralateral parotid was selected for both acute and late xerostomia and the minimum dose to the larynx was selected for dysphagia improvement. For the xerostomia endpoints, the following gene expressions were selected: RPA2 (cellular response to DNA damage), TCF3 (salivary gland cells development), GBE1 (glycogen storage and regulation), and MAPK3 (regulation of cellular processes). No gene expression features were selected for the prediction of dysphagia. CONCLUSION This hypothesis-generating study showed the potential of improving NTCP models using gene expression data for HNSCC patients. The presented models require independent validation before potential application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorazrul Yahya
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Karoline Leger
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Till Maile
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kemper
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Haim
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther G. C. Troost
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, and; Helmholtz Association/Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Jaiswal SK, Raj S, DePamphilis ML. Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111675. [PMID: 34828285 PMCID: PMC8622856 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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C3G Regulates STAT3, ERK, Adhesion Signaling, and Is Essential for Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1465-1477. [PMID: 33624208 PMCID: PMC8372029 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C3G (RAPGEF1), engaged in multiple signaling pathways, is essential for the early development of the mouse. In this study, we have examined its role in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. C3G null cells generated by CRISPR mediated knock-in of a targeting vector exhibited enhanced clonogenicity and long-term self-renewal. They did not differentiate in response to LIF withdrawal when compared to the wild type ES cells and were defective for lineage commitment upon teratoma formation in vivo. Gene expression analysis of C3G KO cells showed misregulated expression of a large number of genes compared with WT cells. They express higher levels of self-renewal factors like KLF4 and ESRRB and show high STAT3 activity, and very low ERK activity compared to WT cells. Reintroduction of C3G expression in a KO line partially reverted expression of ESRRB, and KLF4, and ERK activity similar to that seen in WT cells. The expression of self-renewal factors was persistent for a longer time, and induction of lineage-specific markers was not seen when C3G KO cells were induced to form embryoid bodies. C3G KO cells showed poor adhesion and significantly reduced levels of pFAK, pPaxillin, and Integrin-β1, in addition to downregulation of the cluster of genes involved in cell adhesion, compared to WT cells. Our results show that C3G is essential for the regulation of STAT3, ERK, and adhesion signaling, to maintain pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and enable their lineage commitment for differentiation. ![]()
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10
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Wnt/Beta-catenin/Esrrb signalling controls the tissue-scale reorganization and maintenance of the pluripotent lineage during murine embryonic diapause. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5499. [PMID: 33127892 PMCID: PMC7603494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epiblast, which provides the foundation of the future body, is actively reshaped during early embryogenesis, but the reshaping mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using a 3D in vitro model of early epiblast development, we identify the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its central downstream factor Esrrb as the key signalling cascade regulating the tissue-scale organization of the murine pluripotent lineage. Although in vivo the Wnt/β-catenin/Esrrb circuit is dispensable for embryonic development before implantation, autocrine Wnt activity controls the morphogenesis and long-term maintenance of the epiblast when development is put on hold during diapause. During this phase, the progressive changes in the epiblast architecture and Wnt signalling response show that diapause is not a stasis but instead is a dynamic process with underlying mechanisms that can appear redundant during transient embryogenesis. Embryonic diapause is a state of dormancy with poorly understood mechanisms of embryo intrinsic regulation. Here, the authors show that murine diapause is a dynamic process, where tissue-scale reorganization of the pluripotent lineage is controlled in an autocrine manner by the Wnt/b-catenin/Esrrb signalling cascade.
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11
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Endo Y, Kamei KI, Inoue-Murayama M. Genetic Signatures of Evolution of the Pluripotency Gene Regulating Network across Mammals. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1806-1818. [PMID: 32780791 PMCID: PMC7643368 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have distinct molecular and biological characteristics among species, but to date we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory network evolution in mammals. Here, we carried out a comparative genetic analysis of 134 genes constituting the pluripotency gene regulatory network across 48 mammalian species covering all the major taxonomic groups. We report that mammalian genes in the pluripotency regulatory network show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis, suggesting the conservation of fundamental biological process of mammalian PSCs across species. Nevertheless, despite the overall conservation of the regulatory network, we discovered rapid evolution of the downstream targets of the core regulatory elements and specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection. Our data indicate development of lineage-specific pluripotency regulating networks that may explain observed variations in some characteristics of mammalian PSCs. We further revealed that positively selected genes could be associated with species' unique adaptive characteristics that were not dedicated to regulation of PSCs. These results provide important insight into the evolution of the pluripotency gene regulatory network underlying variations in characteristics of mammalian PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Japan
- Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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12
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Kim S, Kim H, Tan A, Song Y, Lee H, Ying QL, Jho EH. The Distinct Role of Tcfs and Lef1 in the Self-Renewal or Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:192-201. [PMID: 32587136 PMCID: PMC7378906 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Tcfs and Lef1 are DNA-binding transcriptional factors in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of β-catenin, Tcfs and Lef1 generally act as transcriptional repressors with co-repressor proteins such as Groucho, CtBP, and HIC-5. However, Tcfs and Lef1 turn into transcriptional activators during the interaction with β-catenin. Therefore, the activity of Tcfs and Lef1 is regulated by β-catenin. However, the intrinsic role of Tcfs and Lef1 has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Tcfs and Lef1 play differential roles in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of mouse ES cells. Methods and Results Interestingly, the expression of Tcfs and Lef1 was dynamically altered under various differentiation conditions, such as removal of LIF, EB formation and neuronal differentiation in N2B27 media, suggesting that the function of each Tcf and Lef1 may vary in ES cells. Ectopic expression of Tcf1 or the dominant negative form of Lef1 (Lef1-DN) contributes to ES cells to self-renew in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), whereas ectopic expression of Tcf3, Lef1 or Tcf1-DN did not support ES cells to self-renew. Ectopic expression of either Lef1 or Lef1-DN blocked neuronal differentiation, suggesting that the transient induction of Lef1 was necessary for the initiation and progress of differentiation. ChIP analysis shows that Tcf1 bound to Nanog promoter and ectopic expression of Tcf1 enhanced the transcription of Nanog. Conclusions The overall data suggest that Tcf1 plays a critical role in the maintenance of stemness whereas Lef1 is involved in the initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewoon Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anderson Tan
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonghee Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeju Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Qi-Long Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Quan M, Zhang JS, Li X. FGF Signaling Pathway: A Key Regulator of Stem Cell Pluripotency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:79. [PMID: 32133359 PMCID: PMC7040165 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) isolated in vitro from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced PSC (iPSC) and also post-implantation epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs) are known for their two unique characteristics: the ability to give rise to all somatic lineages and the self-renewal capacity. Numerous intrinsic signaling pathways contribute to the maintenance of the pluripotency state of stem cells by tightly controlling key transcriptional regulators of stemness including sex determining region Y box 2 (Sox-2), octamer-binding transcription factor (Oct)3/4, krueppel-like factor 4 (Klf-4), Nanog, and c-Myc. Signaling by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is of critical importance in regulating stem cells pluripotency. The FGF family is comprised of 22 ligands that interact with four FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGF/FGFR signaling governs fundamental cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, embryonic development, organogenesis, tissue repair/regeneration, and metabolism. FGF signaling is mediated by the activation of RAS - mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT, Phospholipase C Gamma (PLCγ), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), which intersects and synergizes with other signaling pathways such as Wnt, retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. In the current review, we summarize the role of FGF signaling in the maintenance of pluripotency state of stem cells through regulation of key transcriptional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Rozanov L, Ravichandran M, Grigolon G, Zanellati MC, Mansfeld J, Zarse K, Barzilai N, Atzmon G, Fischer F, Ristow M. Redox-mediated regulation of aging and healthspan by an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor HLH-2/Tcf3/E2A. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101448. [PMID: 32203922 PMCID: PMC7096751 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological aging is a complex process, influenced by a plethora of genetic and environmental factors. While being far from fully understood, a number of common aging hallmarks have been elucidated in recent years. Among these, transcriptomic alterations are hypothesized to represent a crucial early manifestation of aging. Accordingly, several transcription factors (TFs) have previously been identified as important modulators of lifespan in evolutionarily distant model organisms. Based on a set of TFs conserved between nematodes, zebrafish, mice, and humans, we here perform a RNA interference (RNAi) screen in C. elegans to discover evolutionarily conserved TFs impacting aging. We identify a basic helix-loop-helix TF, named HLH-2 in nematodes (Tcf3/E2A in mammals), to exert a pronounced lifespan-extending effect in C. elegans upon impairment. We further show that its impairment impacts cellular energy metabolism, increases parameters of healthy aging, and extends nematodal lifespan in a ROS-dependent manner. We then identify arginine kinases, orthologues of mammalian creatine kinases, as a target of HLH-2 transcriptional regulation, serving to mediate the healthspan-promoting effects observed upon impairment of hlh-2 expression. Consistently, HLH-2 is shown to epistatically interact with core components of known lifespan-regulating pathways, i.e. AAK-2/AMPK and LET-363/mTOR, as well as the aging-related TFs SKN-1/Nrf2 and HSF-1. Lastly, single-nucelotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Tcf3/E2A are associated with exceptional longevity in humans. Together, these findings demonstrate that HLH-2 regulates energy metabolism via arginine kinases and thereby affects the aging phenotype dependent on ROS-signaling and established canonical effectors. A C. elegans RNAi screen identifies conserved aging-related transcription factors. Impairment of transcription factor hlh-2 has the most pronounced effect on lifespan. C. elegans HLH-2 affects cellular energy homeostasis and redox signaling. HLH-2 modulates arginine kinase to interact with downstream longevity pathways. Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hlh-2 orthologue Tcf3/E2A are linked to human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Rozanov
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Meenakshi Ravichandran
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Maria Clara Zanellati
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Mansfeld
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Kim Zarse
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Genetics and of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Genetics and of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; University of Haifa, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland.
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15
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Screening Genes Promoting Exit from Naive Pluripotency Based on Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8483035. [PMID: 32089710 PMCID: PMC7023212 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8483035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the main problems of stem cell and regenerative medicine are the exit of pluripotency and differentiation to functional cells or tissues. The answer to these two problems holds great value in the clinical translation of stem cell as well as regenerative medicine research. Although piling researches have revealed the truth about pluripotency maintenance, the mechanisms underlying pluripotent cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into specific cell lineages or tissues are yet to be defined. To this end, we took full advantage of a novel technology, namely, the genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO). As an effective way of introducing targeted loss-of-function mutations at specific sites in the genome, GeCKO is able to screen in an unbiased manner for key genes that promote exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) for the first time. In this study, we successfully established a model based on GeCKO to screen the key genes in pluripotency withdrawal. Our strategies included lentiviral package and infection technology, lenti-Cas9 gene knockout technology, shRNA gene knockdown technology, next-generation sequencing, model-based analysis of genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (MAGeCK analysis), GO analysis, and other methods. Our findings provide a novel approach for large-scale screening of genes involved in pluripotency exit and offer an entry point for cell fate regulation research.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Ding H, Wan S, Zhang X, Li Y, Ji J, Wang X, Zhang M, Ye SD. β-catenin stimulates Tcf7l1 degradation through recruitment of casein kinase 2 in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:280-287. [PMID: 31987502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) will induce Tcf7l1 protein degradation to effectively promote embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that inhibition of casein kinase 2 (Csnk2) by TBB or DMAT was sufficient to block the reduction of the Tcf7l1 protein induced by CHIR99021, a specific inhibitor of GSK-3. Similarly, downregulation of Csnk2 increased the Tcf7l1 level. In contrast, overexpression of Csnk2 significantly decreased Tcf7l1 protein stability in mouse ESCs. Notably, Csnk2α1 controls Tcf7l1 turnover to a greater degree than the other two isoforms of Csnk2, Csnk2α2 and Csnk2β, as Csnk2α1-overexpressing mouse ESCs exhibited the lowest level of Tcf7l1. Csnk2α1 interacted with and phosphorylated Tcf7l1. In addition, the association of Csnk2α1 and Tcf7l1 was enhanced by CHIR99021. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that Csnk2 is involved in Tcf7l1 turnover mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results expand our understanding of the function and circuit of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Huiwen Ding
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Shengpeng Wan
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Xinbao Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yuting Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Junxiang Ji
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences & Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
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17
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Shan J, Shen J, Wu M, Zhou H, Feng J, Yao C, Yang Z, Ma Q, Luo Y, Wang Y, Qian C. Tcf7l1 Acts as a Suppressor for the Self-Renewal of Liver Cancer Stem Cells and Is Regulated by IGF/MEK/ERK Signaling Independent of β-Catenin. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1389-1400. [PMID: 31322782 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tcf7l1, which is a key effector molecule of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is highly expressed in various cancers, and it promotes tumor growth. In this study, we demonstrated that unlike its tumor-promoting effects in several other types of cancers, Tcf7l1 expression is downregulated in hepatocarcinoma compared with their adjacent nontumor counterparts. Underexpression of Tcf7l1 is correlated with poorer survival. In liver cancer stem cell (CSC) populations, Tcf7l1 expression is downregulated. Ectopic expression of Tcf7l1 attenuates the self-renewal abilities of liver CSCs. Mechanistically, Tcf7l1 regulates the self-renewal abilities of liver CSCs through transcriptional repression of the Nanog gene, and the effect is independent of β-catenin. Moreover, we found that Tcf7l1 expression is controlled by extracellular insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, and we demonstrated for the first time that IGF signaling stimulates Tcf7l1 phosphorylation and degradation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Overall, our results provide some new insights into how extracellular signals modulate the self-renewal of liver CSCs and highlight the inhibitory roles of Tcf7l1 in cancer. Stem Cells 2019;37:1389-1400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yao
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Johari B, Asadi Z, Rismani E, Maghsood F, Sheikh Rezaei Z, Farahani S, Madanchi H, Kadivar M. Inhibition of transcription factor T-cell factor 3 (TCF3) using the oligodeoxynucleotide strategy increases embryonic stem cell stemness: possible application in regenerative medicine. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:852-862. [PMID: 31033094 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor T-cell factor 3 (TCF3), one component of the Wnt pathway, is known as a cell-intrinsic inhibitor of many pluripotency genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that influences the balance between pluripotency and differentiation. In this study, the effects of inhibition of TCF3 transcription factor on the stemness of mouse ESCs (mESCs) were investigated using the decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) strategy. The TCF3 decoy and its scramble ODNs were designed and synthesized. The interaction specificity of the TCF3 decoy with the TCF3 transcription factor was evaluated by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subcellular localization was carried out using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Self-renewal and pluripotency of mESCs were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell cycle and apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), embryoid body (EB) formation, and real-time assays. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The results showed that knockdown of TCF3 by decoy ODNs transfection in mESCs led to an increase in the cell proliferation, ALP enzyme activity, and master regulatory stemness genes and a decrease in the number and diameter of EBs. These results supported TCF3 as a potential target to maintain the pluripotency and self-renewal capacity of mESCs. Knockdown of the TCF3 transcription factor using decoy ODNs can be a promising method to maintain the stemness of stem cells in regenerative medicine and cell therapy researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Johari
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zoleykha Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Deartment of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Maghsood
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Farahani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Department and Center for Biotechnology Research, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Hu J, Wang J. From embryonic stem cells to induced pluripotent stem cells-Ready for clinical therapy? Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13573. [PMID: 31013374 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have increasingly important roles in many different fields of research and medicine. Major areas of impact include improved in vitro disease models, drug screening, and the development of cell-based clinical therapies. Here, we review the generation and uses of embryonic stem cells compared to induced pluripotent stem cells and discuss their advantages and limitations. We also evaluate the feasibility of clinical therapies and the future prospects for induced pluripotent cell-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Liang R, Liu Y. Tcf7l1 directly regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:267. [PMID: 30326964 PMCID: PMC6190650 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family protein Tcf7l1 is highly abundant in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), regulating pluripotency and preparing epiblasts for further differentiation. Defects in the cardiovascular system in Tcf7l1-null mouse were considered secondary to mesoderm malformation. Here, we used temporally controlled Tcf7l1 expression in Tcf7l1-null ESCs to address whether Tcf7l1 directly contributes to cardiac forward programming. Tcf7l1 knockout during differentiation impaired cardiomyocyte formation but did not affect mesoderm formation. Tcf7l1-null ESCs showed delay in mesoderm formation, but once completed, ectopic Tcf7l1 augmented cardiomyocyte differentiation. Further, Tcf7l1-VP16 and Tcf7l1dN showed procardiac activity whereas Tcf7l1-En was ineffective. Our results support that Tcf7l1 contributes to cardiac lineage development as a β-catenin-independent transactivator of cardiac genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
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21
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Yamazaki T, Liu L, Lazarev D, Al-Zain A, Fomin V, Yeung PL, Chambers SM, Lu CW, Studer L, Manley JL. TCF3 alternative splicing controlled by hnRNP H/F regulates E-cadherin expression and hESC pluripotency. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1161-1174. [PMID: 30115631 PMCID: PMC6120717 DOI: 10.1101/gad.316984.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yamazaki et al. show that alternative splicing creates two TCF3 isoforms (E12 and E47) and identified two related splicing factors, hnRNPs H1 and F (hnRNP H/F), that regulate TCF3 splicing. Expression of known TCF3 target E-cadherin, critical for maintaining ESC pluripotency, is repressed by E47 but not by E12. Alternative splicing (AS) plays important roles in embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. In this study, we first identified transcripts that display specific AS patterns in pluripotent human ESCs (hESCs) relative to differentiated cells. One of these encodes T-cell factor 3 (TCF3), a transcription factor that plays important roles in ESC differentiation. AS creates two TCF3 isoforms, E12 and E47, and we identified two related splicing factors, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) H1 and F (hnRNP H/F), that regulate TCF3 splicing. We found that hnRNP H/F levels are high in hESCs, leading to high E12 expression, but decrease during differentiation, switching splicing to produce elevated E47 levels. Importantly, hnRNP H/F knockdown not only recapitulated the switch in TCF3 AS but also destabilized hESC colonies and induced differentiation. Providing an explanation for this, we show that expression of known TCF3 target E-cadherin, critical for maintaining ESC pluripotency, is repressed by E47 but not by E12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Lizhi Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Denis Lazarev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Amr Al-Zain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Vitalay Fomin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Percy Luk Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Stuart M Chambers
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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22
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Cevallos RR, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Gazarian K. Wnt/β-Catenin/TCF Pathway Is a Phase-Dependent Promoter of Colony Formation and Mesendodermal Differentiation During Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2018; 36:683-695. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming is a biphasic phenomenon that goes through a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, called initiation phase, followed by a maturation phase wherein reprogramming cells acquire pluripotency. Here, we show that these phases display a differential response to Wnt signaling activation. Wnt signaling increases colony formation by promoting cellular epithelialization during the initiation phase in a TCF7-dependent manner. However, during maturation phase, it is also responsible for inducing mesendodermal differentiation, which is negatively regulated by TCF7L1. Thus, Wnt signaling inhibition or TCF7L1 overexpression downregulates mesendodermal gene expression without perturbing pluripotency. Together, our results demonstrate that a phase-specific modulation of Wnt signaling leads to an improved reprogramming efficiency in terms of colony output and pluripotency acquisition. This work provides new insights into the cell context-dependent roles of Wnt signaling during human somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raúl Cevallos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Karlen Gazarian
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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23
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Xu X, Guo M, Zhang N, Ye S. Telomeric noncoding RNA promotes mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal through inhibition of TCF3 activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29513567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00292.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new modulators in the fate decision of pluripotent stem cells, the functions of specific lncRNAs remain unclear. Here, we found that telomeric RNA (TERRA or TelRNA), one type of lncRNAs, is highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) but declines significantly upon differentiation. TERRA is induced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and can reproduce its self-renewal-promoting effect when overexpressed. Further studies revealed that T cell factor 3 ( TCF3) is a potential downstream target of TERRA and mediates the effect of TERRA in mESC maintenance. TERRA inhibits TCF3 transcription, while enforced TCF3 expression abrogates the undifferentiated state of mESCs supported by TERRA. Accordingly, the transcripts of the pluripotency genes Esrrb, Tfcp2l1, and Klf2, repressed by TCF3 in mESCs, are increased in TERRA-overexpressing cells. Our study therefore highlights the important role of TERRA in mESC maintenance and also uncovers a mechanism by which TERRA promotes self-renewal. These data will expand our understanding of the pluripotent regulatory network of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
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24
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Sierra RA, Hoverter NP, Ramirez RN, Vuong LM, Mortazavi A, Merrill BJ, Waterman ML, Donovan PJ. TCF7L1 suppresses primitive streak gene expression to support human embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Development 2018; 145:dev.161075. [PMID: 29361574 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are exquisitely sensitive to WNT ligands, which rapidly cause differentiation. Therefore, hESC self-renewal requires robust mechanisms to keep the cells in a WNT inactive but responsive state. How they achieve this is largely unknown. We explored the role of transcriptional regulators of WNT signaling, the TCF/LEFs. As in mouse ESCs, TCF7L1 is the predominant family member expressed in hESCs. Genome-wide, it binds a gene cohort involved in primitive streak formation at gastrulation, including NODAL, BMP4 and WNT3 Comparing TCF7L1-bound sites with those bound by the WNT signaling effector β-catenin indicates that TCF7L1 acts largely on the WNT signaling pathway. TCF7L1 overlaps less with the pluripotency regulators OCT4 and NANOG than in mouse ESCs. Gain- and loss-of-function studies indicate that TCF7L1 suppresses gene cohorts expressed in the primitive streak. Interestingly, we find that BMP4, another driver of hESC differentiation, downregulates TCF7L1, providing a mechanism of BMP and WNT pathway intersection. Together, our studies indicate that TCF7L1 plays a major role in maintaining hESC pluripotency, which has implications for human development during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Sierra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nathan P Hoverter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ricardo N Ramirez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Linh M Vuong
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Peter J Donovan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA .,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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25
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Modeling the Role of Wnt Signaling in Human and Drosophila Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020101. [PMID: 29462894 PMCID: PMC5852597 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, barely more than a decade ago, dramatically transformed the study of stem cells and introduced a completely new way to approach many human health concerns. Although advances have pushed the field forward, human application remains some years away, in part due to the need for an in-depth mechanistic understanding. The role of Wnts in stem cells predates the discovery of iPS cells with Wnts established as major pluripotency promoting factors. Most work to date has been done using mouse and tissue culture models and few attempts have been made in other model organisms, but the recent combination of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing with iPS cell technology provides a perfect avenue for exploring iPS cells in model organisms. Drosophila is an ideal organism for such studies, but fly iPS cells have not yet been made. In this opinion article, we draw parallels between Wnt signaling in human and Drosophila stem cell systems, propose ways to obtain Drosophila iPS cells, and suggest ways to exploit the versatility of the Drosophila system for future stem cell studies.
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26
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The Pleiotropic Effects of the Canonical Wnt Pathway in Early Development and Pluripotency. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020093. [PMID: 29443926 PMCID: PMC5852589 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology to derive embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells from early embryonic stages and adult somatic cells, respectively, emerged as a powerful resource to enable the establishment of new in vitro models, which recapitulate early developmental processes and disease. Additionally, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an invaluable source of relevant differentiated cell types with immense potential for regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapies. Pluripotent stem cells support self-renewal, potency and proliferation for extensive periods of culture in vitro. However, the core pathways that rule each of these cellular features specific to PSCs only recently began to be clarified. The Wnt signaling pathway is pivotal during early embryogenesis and is central for the induction and maintenance of the pluripotency of PSCs. Signaling by the Wnt family of ligands is conveyed intracellularly by the stabilization of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it elicits the transcriptional activity of T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family of transcription factors. Interestingly, in PSCs, the Wnt/β-catenin–TCF/LEF axis has several unrelated and sometimes opposite cellular functions such as self-renewal, stemness, lineage commitment and cell cycle regulation. In addition, tight control of the Wnt signaling pathway enhances reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotency. Several recent research efforts emphasize the pleiotropic functions of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pluripotent state. Nonetheless, conflicting results and unanswered questions still linger. In this review, we will focus on the diverse functions of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the developmental processes preceding embryo implantation, as well as on its roles in pluripotent stem cell biology such as self-renewal and cell cycle regulation and somatic cell reprogramming.
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27
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Pfeuty B, Kress C, Pain B. Network Features and Dynamical Landscape of Naive and Primed Pluripotency. Biophys J 2018; 114:237-248. [PMID: 29320691 PMCID: PMC5773751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the broad and unique differentiation potential of pluripotent stem cells relies on a complex transcriptional network centered around Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, two well-distinct pluripotent states, called "naive" and "primed", have been described in vitro and markedly differ in their developmental potential, their expression profiles, their signaling requirements, and their reciprocal conversion. Aiming to determine the key features that segregate and coordinate these two states, data-driven optimization of network models is performed to identify relevant parameter regimes and reduce network complexity to its core structure. Decision dynamics of optimized networks is characterized by signal-dependent multistability and strongly asymmetric transitions among naive, primed, and nonpluripotent states. Further model perturbation and reduction approaches reveal that such a dynamical landscape of pluripotency involves a functional partitioning of the regulatory network. Specifically, two overlapping positive feedback modules, Klf4/Esrrb/Nanog and Oct4/Nanog, stabilize the naive or the primed state, respectively. In turn, their incoherent feedforward and negative feedback coupling mediated by the Erk/Gsk3 module is critical for robust segregation and sequential progression between naive and primed states before irreversible exit from pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pfeuty
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, Université de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Clémence Kress
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, INRA, U1208, USC1361, Bron, France
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, INRA, U1208, USC1361, Bron, France
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28
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Schmidt S, Linge A, Zwanenburg A, Leger S, Lohaus F, Krenn C, Appold S, Gudziol V, Nowak A, von Neubeck C, Tinhofer I, Budach V, Sak A, Stuschke M, Balermpas P, Rödel C, Bunea H, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Ganswindt U, Belka C, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Mönnich D, Zips D, Baretton GB, Buchholz F, Baumann M, Krause M, Löck S. Development and Validation of a Gene Signature for Patients with Head and Neck Carcinomas Treated by Postoperative Radio(chemo)therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1364-1374. [PMID: 29298797 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify and independently validate a novel gene signature predicting locoregional tumor control (LRC) for treatment individualization of patients with locally advanced HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) who are treated with postoperative radio(chemo)therapy (PORT-C).Experimental Design: Gene expression analyses were performed using NanoString technology on a multicenter training cohort of 130 patients and an independent validation cohort of 121 patients. The analyzed gene set was composed of genes with a previously reported association with radio(chemo)sensitivity or resistance to radio(chemo)therapy. Gene selection and model building were performed comparing several machine-learning algorithms.Results: We identified a 7-gene signature consisting of the three individual genes HILPDA, CD24, TCF3, and one metagene combining the highly correlated genes SERPINE1, INHBA, P4HA2, and ACTN1 The 7-gene signature was used, in combination with clinical parameters, to fit a multivariable Cox model to the training data (concordance index, ci = 0.82), which was successfully validated (ci = 0.71). The signature showed improved performance compared with clinical parameters alone (ci = 0.66) and with a previously published model including hypoxia-associated genes and cancer stem cell markers (ci = 0.65). It was used to stratify patients into groups with low and high risk of recurrence, leading to significant differences in LRC in training and validation (P < 0.001).Conclusions: We have identified and validated the first hypothesis-based gene signature for HPV-negative HNSCC treated by PORT-C including genes related to several radiobiological aspects. A prospective validation is planned in an ongoing prospective clinical trial before potential application in clinical trials for patient stratification. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1364-74. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmidt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Department of Biostatistics and Modelling in Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Alex Zwanenburg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Department of Biostatistics and Modelling in Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Leger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Constanze Krenn
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Appold
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Gudziol
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Nowak
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ali Sak
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hatice Bunea
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institut für Innovative Radiotherapie (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Mönnich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Tumour- and Normal Tissue Bank, University Cancer Centre (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,University Cancer Centre (UCC), Medical Systems Biology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and Helmholtz Association / Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Department of Biostatistics and Modelling in Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ramakrishnan AB, Sinha A, Fan VB, Cadigan KM. The Wnt Transcriptional Switch: TLE Removal or Inactivation? Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29250807 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are regulated by TCF transcription factors, which play important roles in animal development, stem cell biology, and oncogenesis. TCFs can regulate Wnt targets through a "transcriptional switch," repressing gene expression in unstimulated cells and promoting transcription upon Wnt signaling. However, it is not clear whether this switch mechanism is a general feature of Wnt gene regulation or limited to a subset of Wnt targets. Co-repressors of the TLE family are known to contribute to the repression of Wnt targets in the absence of signaling, but how they are inactivated or displaced by Wnt signaling is poorly understood. In this mini-review, we discuss several recent reports that address the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of the Wnt transcription switch, including the finding of Wnt-dependent ubiquitination/inactivation of TLEs. Together, these findings highlight the growing complexity of the regulation of gene expression by the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
| | - Vinson B Fan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048
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30
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β-catenin coordinates with Jup and the TCF1/GATA6 axis to regulate human embryonic stem cell fate. Dev Biol 2017; 431:272-281. [PMID: 28943339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin-mediated signaling has been extensively studied in regard to its role in the regulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the results are controversial and the mechanism by which β-catenin regulates the hESC fate remains unclear. Here, we report that β-catenin and γ-catenin are functionally redundant in mediating hESC adhesion and are required for embryoid body formation, but both genes are dispensable for hESC maintenance, as the undifferentiated state of β-catenin and γ-catenin double deficient hESCs can be maintained. Overexpression of β-catenin induces rapid hESC differentiation. Functional assays revealed that TCF1 plays a crucial role in hESC differentiation mediated by β-catenin. Forced expression of TCF1, but not other LEF1/TCF family members, resulted in hESC differentiation towards the definitive endoderm. Conversely, knockdown of TCF1 or inhibition of the interaction between TCF1 and β-catenin delayed hESC exit from pluripotency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GATA6 plays a predominant role in TCF1-mediated hESC differentiation. Knockdown of GATA6 completely eliminated the effect of TCF1, while forced expression of GATA6 induced hESC differentiation. Our data thus reveal more detailed mechanisms for β-catenin in regulating hESC fate decisions and will expand our understanding of the self-renewal and differentiation circuitry in hESCs.
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31
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Abstract
The present review aimed to assess the networks of transcription factors regulating the Oct4 expression in mice. Through a comprehensive analysis of the binding sites and the interrelationships of the transcription factors of Oct4, it is found that transcription factors of Oct4 form three regulating complexes centered by Oct4-Sox2, Nanog, and Lrh1. They bind on CR4, CR2, and CR1 regions of Oct4 promoter/enhancer, respectively, to activate Oct4 transcription synergistically. This article also discusses the mechanisms of fine-tuning the Oct4 expression. These findings have important implications in the field of stem cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai) , Weihai, China
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32
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Ye S, Zhang T, Tong C, Zhou X, He K, Ban Q, Liu D, Ying QL. Depletion of Tcf3 and Lef1 maintains mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Biol Open 2017; 6:511-517. [PMID: 28288968 PMCID: PMC5399551 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse and rat embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal can be maintained by dual inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). Inhibition of GSK3 promotes ESC self-renewal by abrogating T-cell factor 3 (TCF3)-mediated repression of the pluripotency network. How inhibition of MEK mediates ESC self-renewal, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of MEK can significantly suppress lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) expression in mouse ESCs. Knockdown or knockout of Lef1 partially mimics the self-renewal-promoting effect of MEK inhibitors. Moreover, depletion of both Tcf3 and Lef1 enables maintenance of undifferentiated mouse ESCs without exogenous factors, cytokines or inhibitors. Transcriptome resequencing analysis reveals that LEF1 is closely associated with endoderm specification in ESCs. Thus, our study adds support to the notion that the key to maintaining the ESC ground state is to shield ESCs from differentiative cues. Summary: Depletion of Lef1 and Tcf3 shows that ESCs could be shielded from differentiative cues to maintain the ESC ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Tong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xingliang Zhou
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ban
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Long Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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33
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Shen X, Yuan J, Zhang M, Li W, Ni B, Wu Y, Jiang L, Fan W, Tian Z. The increased expression of TCF3 is correlated with poor prognosis in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:824-830. [PMID: 28107608 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regulatory factors controlling stem cell identity and self-renewal are often active in aggressive cancers and are thought to promote cancer growth and progression. B-cell-specific transcription factor 3 (TCF3/E2A) is a member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family that is central to regulating epidermal and embryonic stem cell identity. It has been reported that TCF3 was connected with the development and progression of a number of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify the expression of TCF3 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its clinical significance. DESIGN To investigate the expression of TCF3 in NPC and its relationship to prognosis. SETTING An in vitro study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analysed the expression of TCF3 in NPC and in non-tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression patterns of TCF3 in 117 archived paraffin-embedded NPC specimens were characterised by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the TCF3 protein expression and the clinicopathological features of NPC was analysed. RESULTS We observed that TCF3 had a higher expression in NPC than in non-tumourous nasopharyngeal tissues of 117 archived paraffin-embedded NPC specimens, and 80 (68.4%) biopsy tissues revealed high levels of TCF3 expression. Furthermore, statistical analyses demonstrated that the increased expression of TCF3 was closely related to clinical stage, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis of NPC. NPC patients with high levels of TCF3 expression had a shorter survival time, whereas patients with lower levels of TCF3 expression survived longer. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that the upregulation of TCF3 was a critical prognostic factor for NPC. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest, for the first time, that TCF3 is significantly associated with the development and progression of NPC, which can be used as an important prognostic marker for patients with NPC and may be an effective target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - J Yuan
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Zhang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Ni
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Z Tian
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Cirera-Salinas D, Yu J, Bodak M, Ngondo RP, Herbert KM, Ciaudo C. Noncanonical function of DGCR8 controls mESC exit from pluripotency. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:355-366. [PMID: 28100686 PMCID: PMC5294780 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DGCR8 is essential for mouse early development and microRNA biogenesis. Cirera-Salinas et al. report a new noncanonical function of DGCR8 essential for the exit from pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) deficient for DGCR8, a key component of the microprocessor complex, present strong differentiation defects. However, the exact reasons impairing their commitment remain elusive. The analysis of newly generated mutant mESCs revealed that DGCR8 is essential for the exit from the pluripotency state. To dissociate canonical versus noncanonical functions of DGCR8, we complemented the mutant mESCs with a phosphomutant DGCR8, which restored microRNA levels but did not rescue the exit from pluripotency defect. Integration of omics data and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments established DGCR8 as a direct interactor of Tcf7l1 mRNA, a core component of the pluripotency network. Finally, we found that DGCR8 facilitated the splicing of Tcf7l1, an event necessary for the differentiation of mESCs. Our data reveal a new noncanonical function of DGCR8 in the modulation of the alternative splicing of Tcf7l1 mRNA in addition to its established function in microRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, RNAi and Genome Integrity, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, RNAi and Genome Integrity, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, RNAi and Genome Integrity, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Richard P Ngondo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, RNAi and Genome Integrity, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Kristina M Herbert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037
| | - Constance Ciaudo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, RNAi and Genome Integrity, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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35
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Houston DW. Vertebrate Axial Patterning: From Egg to Asymmetry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:209-306. [PMID: 27975274 PMCID: PMC6550305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the bilateral embryonic body axis from a symmetrical egg has been a long-standing question in developmental biology. Historical and modern experiments point to an initial symmetry-breaking event leading to localized Wnt and Nodal growth factor signaling and subsequent induction and formation of a self-regulating dorsal "organizer." This organizer forms at the site of notochord cell internalization and expresses primarily Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) growth factor antagonists that establish a spatiotemporal gradient of BMP signaling across the embryo, directing initial cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Although the basics of this model have been known for some time, many of the molecular and cellular details have only recently been elucidated and the extent that these events remain conserved throughout vertebrate evolution remains unclear. This chapter summarizes historical perspectives as well as recent molecular and genetic advances regarding: (1) the mechanisms that regulate symmetry-breaking in the vertebrate egg and early embryo, (2) the pathways that are activated by these events, in particular the Wnt pathway, and the role of these pathways in the formation and function of the organizer, and (3) how these pathways also mediate anteroposterior patterning and axial morphogenesis. Emphasis is placed on comparative aspects of the egg-to-embryo transition across vertebrates and their evolution. The future prospects for work regarding self-organization and gene regulatory networks in the context of early axis formation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Houston
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 257 BB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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36
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TCF7L1 Modulates Colorectal Cancer Growth by Inhibiting Expression of the Tumor-Suppressor Gene EPHB3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28299. [PMID: 27333864 PMCID: PMC4917863 DOI: 10.1038/srep28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway leading to accumulation of β-catenin (CTNNB1) is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nuclear CTNNB1 acts as a transcriptional coactivator with TCF/LEF transcription factors, promoting expression of a broad set of target genes, some of which promote tumor growth. However, it remains poorly understood how CTNNB1 interacts with different transcription factors in different contexts to promote different outcomes. While some CTNNB1 target genes are oncogenic, others regulate differentiation. Here, we found that TCF7L1, a Wnt pathway repressor, buffers CTNNB1/TCF target gene expression to promote CRC growth. Loss of TCF7L1 impaired growth and colony formation of HCT116 CRC cells and reduced tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. We identified a group of CTNNB1/TCF target genes that are activated in the absence of TCF7L1, including EPHB3, a marker of Paneth cell differentiation that has also been implicated as a tumor suppressor in CRC. Knockdown of EPHB3 partially restores growth and normal cell cycle progression of TCF7L1-Null cells. These findings suggest that while CTNNB1 accumulation is critical for CRC progression, activation of specific Wnt target genes in certain contexts may in fact inhibit tumor growth.
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37
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A Myc-driven self-reinforcing regulatory network maintains mouse embryonic stem cell identity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11903. [PMID: 27301576 PMCID: PMC4912626 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell identity depends on the integration of extrinsic and intrinsic signals, which directly influence the maintenance of their epigenetic state. Although Myc transcription factors play a major role in stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency, their integration with signalling pathways and epigenetic regulators remains poorly defined. We addressed this point by profiling the gene expression and epigenetic pattern in ESCs whose growth depends on conditional Myc activity. Here we show that Myc potentiates the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which cooperates with the transcriptional regulatory network in sustaining ESC self-renewal. Myc activation results in the transcriptional repression of Wnt antagonists through the direct recruitment of PRC2 on these targets. The consequent potentiation of the autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signalling induces the transcriptional activation of the endogenous Myc family members, which in turn activates a Myc-driven self-reinforcing circuit. Thus, our data unravel a Myc-dependent self-propagating epigenetic memory in the maintenance of ESC self-renewal capacity. The Myc transcription factor is a major regulator of stem cell (SC) self-renewal and pluripotency but how this integrates signals from other pathways is unclear. Here, the authors show that Myc activation triggers epigenetic memory in self renewing embryonic SCs via PRC2-mediated potentiation of the Wnt pathway.
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38
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Transcription factor 7-like 1 is involved in hypothalamo-pituitary axis development in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E548-57. [PMID: 26764381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503346113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant embryonic development of the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland in humans results in congenital hypopituitarism (CH). Transcription factor 7-like 1 (TCF7L1), an important regulator of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, is expressed in the developing forebrain and pituitary gland, but its role during hypothalamo-pituitary (HP) axis formation or involvement in human CH remains elusive. Using a conditional genetic approach in the mouse, we first demonstrate that TCF7L1 is required in the prospective hypothalamus to maintain normal expression of the hypothalamic signals involved in the induction and subsequent expansion of Rathke's pouch progenitors. Next, we reveal that the function of TCF7L1 during HP axis development depends exclusively on the repressing activity of TCF7L1 and does not require its interaction with β-catenin. Finally, we report the identification of two independent missense variants in human TCF7L1, p.R92P and p.R400Q, in a cohort of patients with forebrain and/or pituitary defects. We demonstrate that these variants exhibit reduced repressing activity in vitro and in vivo relative to wild-type TCF7L1. Together, our data provide support for a conserved molecular function of TCF7L1 as a transcriptional repressor during HP axis development in mammals and identify variants in this transcription factor that are likely to contribute to the etiology of CH.
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39
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Jo J, Hwang S, Kim HJ, Hong S, Lee JE, Lee SG, Baek A, Han H, Lee JI, Lee I, Lee DR. An integrated systems biology approach identifies positive cofactor 4 as a factor that increases reprogramming efficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1203-15. [PMID: 26740582 PMCID: PMC4756831 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can spontaneously dedifferentiate into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells, which are designated as multipotent SSCs (mSSCs), without ectopic expression of reprogramming factors. Interestingly, SSCs express key pluripotency genes such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc. Therefore, molecular dissection of mSSC reprogramming may provide clues about novel endogenous reprogramming or pluripotency regulatory factors. Our comparative transcriptome analysis of mSSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) suggests that they have similar pluripotency states but are reprogrammed via different transcriptional pathways. We identified 53 genes as putative pluripotency regulatory factors using an integrated systems biology approach. We demonstrated a selected candidate, Positive cofactor 4 (Pc4), can enhance the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming by promoting and maintaining transcriptional activity of the key reprograming factors. These results suggest that Pc4 has an important role in inducing spontaneous somatic cell reprogramming via up-regulation of key pluripotency genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Soomin Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Geum Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahmi Baek
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Il Lee
- Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Shen J, Jia W, Yu Y, Chen J, Cao X, Du Y, Zhang X, Zhu S, Chen W, Xi J, Wei T, Wang G, Yuan D, Duan T, Jiang C, Kang J. Pwp1 is required for the differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem cells through regulating Stat3 signaling. Stem Cells 2015; 33:661-73. [PMID: 25335925 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor/Stat3 signaling is critical for maintaining the self-renewal and differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, the upstream effectors of this pathway have not been clearly defined. Here, we show that periodic tryptophan protein 1 (Pwp1), a WD-40 repeat-containing protein associated with histone H4 modification, is required for the exit of mESCs from the pluripotent state into all lineages. Knockdown (KD) of Pwp1 does not affect mESC proliferation, self-renewal, or apoptosis. However, KD of Pwp1 impairs the differentiation potential of mESCs both in vitro and in vivo. PWP1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq results revealed that the PWP1-occupied regions were marked with significant levels of H4K20me3. Moreover, Pwp1 binds to sites in the upstream region of Stat3. KD of Pwp1 decreases the level of H4K20me3 in the upstream region of Stat3 gene and upregulates the expression of Stat3. Furthermore, Pwp1 KD mESCs recover their differentiation potential through suppressing the expression of Stat3 or inhibiting the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. Together, our results suggest that Pwp1 plays important roles in the differentiation potential of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Boroviak T, Loos R, Lombard P, Okahara J, Behr R, Sasaki E, Nichols J, Smith A, Bertone P. Lineage-Specific Profiling Delineates the Emergence and Progression of Naive Pluripotency in Mammalian Embryogenesis. Dev Cell 2015; 35:366-82. [PMID: 26555056 PMCID: PMC4643313 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naive pluripotency is manifest in the preimplantation mammalian embryo. Here we determine transcriptome dynamics of mouse development from the eight-cell stage to postimplantation using lineage-specific RNA sequencing. This method combines high sensitivity and reporter-based fate assignment to acquire the full spectrum of gene expression from discrete embryonic cell types. We define expression modules indicative of developmental state and temporal regulatory patterns marking the establishment and dissolution of naive pluripotency in vivo. Analysis of embryonic stem cells and diapaused embryos reveals near-complete conservation of the core transcriptional circuitry operative in the preimplantation epiblast. Comparison to inner cell masses of marmoset primate blastocysts identifies a similar complement of pluripotency factors but use of alternative signaling pathways. Embryo culture experiments further indicate that marmoset embryos utilize WNT signaling during early lineage segregation, unlike rodents. These findings support a conserved transcription factor foundation for naive pluripotency while revealing species-specific regulatory features of lineage segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Remco Loos
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Patrick Lombard
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Junko Okahara
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum (German Primate Center), Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan; Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Paul Bertone
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK; Genome Biology and Developmental Biology Units, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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42
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Osei-Sarfo K, Gudas LJ. Retinoic acid suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in embryonic stem cells and activates the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2061-71. [PMID: 24648413 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have both the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell lineages. Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of Vitamin A, has a critical function in initiating lineage differentiation of ESCs through binding to the retinoic acid receptors. Additionally, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in pluripotency and differentiation, depending on the activation status of the canonical and noncanonical pathways. The activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which requires the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and its interaction with Tcf1/Lef at Wnt response elements, is involved in ESC stemness maintenance. The noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, through actions of Tcf3, can antagonize the canonical pathway. We show that RA activates the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway, while concomitantly inhibiting the canonical pathway. RA increases the expression of ligands and receptors of the noncanonical Wnt pathway (Wnt 5a, 7a, Fzd2 and Fzd6), downstream signaling, and Tcf3 expression. RA reduces the phosphorylated β-catenin levels by fourfold, although total β-catenin levels do not change. We show that RA signaling increases the dissociation of Tcf1 and the association of Tcf3 at promoters of genes that regulate stemness (e.g., NR5A2, Lrh-1) or differentiation (e.g. Cyr61, Zic5). Knockdown of Tcf3 increases Lrh-1 transcript levels in mESCs and prevents the RA-associated, fourfold increase in Zic5, indicating that RA requires Tcf3 to effect changes in Zic5 levels. We demonstrate a novel role for RA in altering the activation of these two Wnt signaling pathways and show that Tcf3 mediates some actions of RA during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Muñoz-Descalzo S, Hadjantonakis AK, Arias AM. Wnt/ß-catenin signalling and the dynamics of fate decisions in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 47-48:101-9. [PMID: 26321498 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/ß-catenin signalling is a widespread cell signalling pathway with multiple roles during vertebrate development. In mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells, there is a dual role for ß-catenin: it promotes differentiation when activated as part of the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway, and promotes stable pluripotency independently of signalling. Although mES cells resemble the preimplantation epiblast progenitors, the first requirement for Wnt/ß-catenin signalling during mouse development has been reported at implantation [1,2]. The relationship between ß-catenin and pluripotency and that of mES cells with epiblast progenitors suggests that ß-catenin might have a functional role during preimplantation development. Here we summarize the expression and function of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling elements during the early stages of mouse development and consider the reasons why the requirement in ES cells do not reflect the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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44
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Landeira D, Bagci H, Malinowski AR, Brown KE, Soza-Ried J, Feytout A, Webster Z, Ndjetehe E, Cantone I, Asenjo HG, Brockdorff N, Carroll T, Merkenschlager M, Fisher AG. Jarid2 Coordinates Nanog Expression and PCP/Wnt Signaling Required for Efficient ESC Differentiation and Early Embryo Development. Cell Rep 2015; 12:573-86. [PMID: 26190104 PMCID: PMC4534826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Jarid2 is part of the Polycomb Repressor complex 2 (PRC2) responsible for genome-wide H3K27me3 deposition. Unlike other PRC2-deficient embryonic stem cells (ESCs), however, Jarid2-deficient ESCs show a severe differentiation block, altered colony morphology, and distinctive patterns of deregulated gene expression. Here, we show that Jarid2−/− ESCs express constitutively high levels of Nanog but reduced PCP signaling components Wnt9a, Prickle1, and Fzd2 and lowered β-catenin activity. Depletion of Wnt9a/Prickle1/Fzd2 from wild-type ESCs or overexpression of Nanog largely phenocopies these cellular defects. Co-culture of Jarid2−/− with wild-type ESCs restores variable Nanog expression and β-catenin activity and can partially rescue the differentiation block of mutant cells. In addition, we show that ESCs lacking Jarid2 or Wnt9a/Prickle1/Fzd2 or overexpressing Nanog induce multiple ICM formation when injected into normal E3.5 blastocysts. These data describe a previously unrecognized role for Jarid2 in regulating a core pluripotency and Wnt/PCP signaling circuit that is important for ESC differentiation and for pre-implantation development. ESCs lacking Jarid2 show constitutive Nanog expression ESCs lacking Jarid2 have reduced PCP/Wnt signaling Co-culture of Jarid2-null and WT ESCs restores differentiation capability Jarid2-null ESCs form more than one ICM upon injection to E3.5 mouse blastocysts
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landeira
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Computer Science and A. I., University of Granada, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avenue de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Hakan Bagci
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrzej R Malinowski
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karen E Brown
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jorge Soza-Ried
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amelie Feytout
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zoe Webster
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elodie Ndjetehe
- Transgenics and Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Irene Cantone
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena G Asenjo
- Department of Computer Science and A. I., University of Granada, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Avenue de la Ilustracion 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Developmental Epigenetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford 1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- Lymphocyte Development Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells perpetuate in vitro the broad developmental potential of naïve founder cells in the preimplantation embryo. ES cells self-renew relentlessly in culture but can reenter embryonic development seamlessly, differentiating on schedule to form all elements of the fetus. Here we review the properties of these remarkable cells. Arising from the stability, homogeneity, and equipotency of ES cells, we consider the concept of a pluripotent ground state. We evaluate the authenticity of ES cells in relation to cells in the embryo and examine their utility for dissecting mechanisms that confer pluripotency and that execute fate choice. We summarize current knowledge of the transcription factor circuitry that governs the ES cell state and discuss the opportunity to expose molecular logic further through iterative computational modeling and experimentation. Finally, we present a perspective on unresolved questions, including the challenge of deriving ground state pluripotent stem cells from non-rodent species.
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46
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Yu W, Niu W, Wang S, Chen X, Sun BO, Wang F, Sun Y. Co-culture with endometrial stromal cells enhances the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into endometrium-like cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:43-50. [PMID: 26170910 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into endometrium-like cells may provide a useful tool for clinical treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differentiation potential of hESCs into endometrium-like cells using three methods, which included induction by feeder cells, co-culture with endometrial stromal cells and induction with embryoid bodies. Following differentiation, the majority of cells positively expressed cytokeratin and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM). Factors associated with endometrium cell function, namely the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), were also detected. At day 21 following the induction of differentiation, the expression levels of cytokeratin, EPCAM, ER and PR were significantly increased in the co-culture method group, as compared with the other two methods. Furthermore, these cells became decidualized in response to progesterone and prolactin. In addition, the number of cytokeratin-positive or EPCAM-positive cells significantly increased following the induction of differentiation using the co-culture method, as compared with the other two methods. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt members that are associated with endometrial development were subsequently examined, and Wnt5a was found to be significantly upregulated in the differentiated cells induced by feeder cells and co-culture with endometrial stromal cells; however, Wnt4 and Wnt7a expression levels were unaffected. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of Wnt5a in the differentiated cells co-cultured with endometrial stromal cells were higher when compared with those induced by feeder cells. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that the co-culture system is the optimal protocol for the induction of hESC differentiation into endometrium-like cells, and Wnt5a signaling may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuna Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - B O Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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47
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Ricci MA, Manzo C, García-Parajo MF, Lakadamyali M, Cosma MP. Chromatin fibers are formed by heterogeneous groups of nucleosomes in vivo. Cell 2015; 160:1145-58. [PMID: 25768910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosomes help structure chromosomes by compacting DNA into fibers. To gain insight into how nucleosomes are arranged in vivo, we combined quantitative super-resolution nanoscopy with computer simulations to visualize and count nucleosomes along the chromatin fiber in single nuclei. Nucleosomes assembled in heterogeneous groups of varying sizes, here termed "clutches," and these were interspersed with nucleosome-depleted regions. The median number of nucleosomes inside clutches and their compaction defined as nucleosome density were cell-type-specific. Ground-state pluripotent stem cells had, on average, less dense clutches containing fewer nucleosomes and clutch size strongly correlated with the pluripotency potential of induced pluripotent stem cells. RNA polymerase II preferentially associated with the smallest clutches while linker histone H1 and heterochromatin were enriched in the largest ones. Our results reveal how the chromatin fiber is formed at nanoscale level and link chromatin fiber architecture to stem cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aurelia Ricci
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Filomena García-Parajo
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Huang G, Ye S, Zhou X, Liu D, Ying QL. Molecular basis of embryonic stem cell self-renewal: from signaling pathways to pluripotency network. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1741-57. [PMID: 25595304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be maintained in culture indefinitely while retaining the capacity to generate any type of cell in the body, and therefore not only hold great promise for tissue repair and regeneration, but also provide a powerful tool for modeling human disease and understanding biological development. In order to fulfill the full potential of ESCs, it is critical to understand how ESC fate, whether to self-renew or to differentiate into specialized cells, is regulated. On the molecular level, ESC fate is controlled by the intracellular transcriptional regulatory networks that respond to various extrinsic signaling stimuli. In this review, we discuss and compare important signaling pathways in the self-renewal and differentiation of mouse, rat, and human ESCs with an emphasis on how these pathways integrate into ESC-specific transcription circuitries. This will be beneficial for understanding the common and conserved mechanisms that govern self-renewal, and for developing novel culture conditions that support ESC derivation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Huang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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49
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Park MS, Kausar R, Kim MW, Cho SY, Lee YS, Lee MA. Tcf7l1-mediated transcriptional regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 gene. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.991351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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50
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Gro/TLE enables embryonic stem cell differentiation by repressing pluripotent gene expression. Dev Biol 2015; 397:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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