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Lakra R, Grewal US, Beedupalli K. Lenvatinib-Associated Erythrocytosis. Am J Ther 2024; 31:e201-e203. [PMID: 36989234 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachaita Lakra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Udhayvir Singh Grewal
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center Iowa City, IA
| | - Kavitha Beedupalli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and Feist Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
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Domański P, Piętak M, Kruczyk B, Jarosińska J, Mydlak A, Demkow T, Darewicz M, Sikora-Kupis B, Dumnicka P, Kamzol W, Kucharz J. Adverse Events of Cabozantinib as a Potential Prognostic Factor in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Real-World Experience in a Single-Center Retrospective Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:413. [PMID: 38398014 PMCID: PMC10886567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib, an oral inhibitor targeting MET, AXL, and VEGF receptors, has become a key component of a sequential treatment strategy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The purpose of this work is to show that effective management of adverse events (AEs) during cabozantinib treatment and achieving a balance between AEs and treatment efficacy is crucial to achieving therapeutic goals. In this retrospective study, involving seventy-one metastatic RCC (mRCC) patients receiving second or subsequent lines of cabozantinib at the Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, we explored the impact of AEs on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). AEs were observed in 92% of patients. Hypothyroidism during treatment was significantly associated with prolonged OS and PFS (HR: 0.31; p < 0.001 and HR: 0.34; p < 0.001, respectively). The occurrence of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) was also linked to improved OS (HR: 0.46; p = 0.021). Patients experiencing multiple AEs demonstrated superior OS and PFS compared to those with one or no AEs (HR: 0.36; p < 0.001 and HR: 0.30; p < 0.001, respectively). Hypothyroidism and HFS serve as valuable predictive factors during cabozantinib treatment in ccRCC patients, indicating a more favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Domański
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Piętak
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kruczyk
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Jarosińska
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mydlak
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Demkow
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Darewicz
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Sikora-Kupis
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamzol
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kucharz
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Li X, Yu X, Zhang K, Liu J, Tian Q, Zhang H, Du X, Wang S. Progress in the treatment of malignant ascites. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104237. [PMID: 38128628 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant ascites occurs as a symptom of the terminal stage of cancer, affecting the quality of life through abdominal distension, pain, nausea, anorexia, dyspnea and other symptoms. We describe the current main drug treatments in addition to surgery according to the traditional and new strategies. Traditional treatments were based on anti-tumor chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatments, as well as diuretics to relieve the patient's symptoms. New treatments mainly involve photothermal therapy, intestinal therapy and targeted immunity. This study emphasizes that both traditional and new therapies have certain advantages and disadvantages, and medication should be adjusted according to different periods of use and different patients. In conclusion, this article reviews the literature to systematically describe the primary treatment modalities for malignant ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yunting Sun
- Hangzhou TCM Hospital Afflitiated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jinglei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Shuling Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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4
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Dailah HG, Hommdi AA, Koriri MD, Algathlan EM, Mohan S. Potential role of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the treatment of cancer: A contemporary nursing practice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24559. [PMID: 38298714 PMCID: PMC10828696 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have emerged as promising therapeutic options for cancer patients. Immunotherapies induce a host immune response that mediates long-lived tumor destruction, while targeted therapies suppress molecular mechanisms that are important for tumor maintenance and growth. In addition, cytotoxic agents and targeted therapies regulate immune responses, which increases the chances that these therapeutic approaches may be efficiently combined with immunotherapy to ameliorate clinical outcomes. Various studies have suggested that combinations of therapies that target different stages of anti-tumor immunity may be synergistic, which can lead to potent and more prolonged responses that can achieve long-lasting tumor destruction. Nurses associated with cancer patients should have a better understanding of the immunotherapies and targeted therapies, such as their efficacy profiles, mechanisms of action, as well as management and prophylaxis of adverse events. Indeed, this knowledge will be important in establishing care for cancer patients receiving immunotherapies and targeted therapies for cancer treatment. Moreover, nurses need a better understanding regarding targeted therapies and immunotherapies to ameliorate outcomes in patients receiving these therapies, as well as management and early detection of possible adverse effects, especially adverse events associated with checkpoint inhibitors and various other therapies that control T-cell activation causing autoimmune toxicity. Nurses practice in numerous settings, such as hospitals, home healthcare agencies, radiation therapy facilities, ambulatory care clinics, and community agencies. Therefore, as compared to other members of the healthcare team, nurses often have better opportunities to develop the essential rapport in providing effective nurse-led patient education, which is important for effective therapeutic outcomes and continuance of therapy. In this article, we have particularly focused on providing a detailed overview on targeted therapies and immunotherapies used in cancer treatment, management of their associated adverse events, and the impact as well as strategies of nurse-led patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abdu Hommdi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi Dafer Koriri
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa Mohammed Algathlan
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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5
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Nardo M, Gouda MA, Nelson BE, Barreto CMN, Slade JH, Poullard A, Zafereo M, Hu MI, Cabanillas ME, Subbiah V. Strategies for mitigating adverse events related to selective RET inhibitors in patients with RET-altered cancers. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101332. [PMID: 38118420 PMCID: PMC10772460 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the selective RET inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib has led to a paradigm change in the treatment of RET-altered lung and thyroid cancers through a higher response rate and a more tolerable safety and toxicity profile than multi-kinase inhibitors. Recently, selpercatinib has received a tissue-agnostic FDA approval for all RET-fusion-positive cancers, and pralsetinib has shown pan-cancer activity as well. Given the anticipated increase in the use of both drugs across multiple tumor types, it is crucial to recognize the possible side effects and approaches for their optimal management in order to maximize the clinical benefit for treated patients. In this review, we underscore potential toxicities associated with selective RET inhibitors and discuss strategies to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gouda
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blessie E Nelson
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmelia M N Barreto
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Hoyt Slade
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Poullard
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mimi I Hu
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Wu Y, Chen S, Yang X, Sato K, Lal P, Wang Y, Shinkle AT, Wendl MC, Primeau TM, Zhao Y, Gould A, Sun H, Mudd JL, Hoog J, Mashl RJ, Wyczalkowski MA, Mo CK, Liu R, Herndon JM, Davies SR, Liu D, Ding X, Evrard YA, Welm BE, Lum D, Koh MY, Welm AL, Chuang JH, Moscow JA, Meric-Bernstam F, Govindan R, Li S, Hsieh J, Fields RC, Lim KH, Ma CX, Zhang H, Ding L, Chen F. Combining the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib and the mTORC1/2 Inhibitor Sapanisertib Blocks ERK Pathway Activity and Suppresses Tumor Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:4161-4178. [PMID: 38098449 PMCID: PMC10722140 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment approaches for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) face challenges in achieving durable tumor responses due to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Combination therapies that leverage tumor molecular profiles could offer an avenue for enhancing treatment efficacy and addressing the limitations of current therapies. To identify effective strategies for treating RCC, we selected ten drugs guided by tumor biology to test in six RCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) cabozantinib and mTORC1/2 inhibitor sapanisertib emerged as the most effective drugs, particularly when combined. The combination demonstrated favorable tolerability and inhibited tumor growth or induced tumor regression in all models, including two from patients who experienced treatment failure with FDA-approved TKI and immunotherapy combinations. In cabozantinib-treated samples, imaging analysis revealed a significant reduction in vascular density, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis indicated a decreased proportion of endothelial cells in the tumors. SnRNA-seq data further identified a tumor subpopulation enriched with cell-cycle activity that exhibited heightened sensitivity to the cabozantinib and sapanisertib combination. Conversely, activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, detected at the protein level, was associated with drug resistance in residual tumors following combination treatment. The combination effectively restrained ERK phosphorylation and reduced expression of ERK downstream transcription factors and their target genes implicated in cell-cycle control and apoptosis. This study highlights the potential of the cabozantinib plus sapanisertib combination as a promising treatment approach for patients with RCC, particularly those whose tumors progressed on immune checkpoint inhibitors and other TKIs. SIGNIFICANCE The molecular-guided therapeutic strategy of combining cabozantinib and sapanisertib restrains ERK activity to effectively suppress growth of renal cell carcinomas, including those unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Preet Lal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew T. Shinkle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael C. Wendl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tina M. Primeau
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alanna Gould
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline L. Mudd
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeremy Hoog
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - R. Jay Mashl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A. Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John M. Herndon
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sherri R. Davies
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yvonne A. Evrard
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bryan E. Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mei Yee Koh
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alana L. Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeffrey H. Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A. Moscow
- Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia X. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Medishetti R, C MR, Chatti K. Cabozantinib-induced edema in zebrafish represents an adverse effect characterized by defects in lymphatic vasculature and renal function. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23413. [PMID: 37335823 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a major class of targeted cancer therapy drugs. Overcoming the limitations of approved TKIs and the development of new TKIs continues to be an important need. The adoption of higher throughput and accessible animal models to evaluate TKI adverse effects will help in this regard. We exposed zebrafish larvae to a set of 22 Food and Drug Administration-approved TKIs and assessed mortality, early developmental abnormalities, and gross morphological abnormalities posthatching. We found edema posthatching as a consistent and prominent consequence of VEGFR inhibitors, and of cabozantinib in particular. The edema occurred at concentrations that did not cause lethality or any other abnormality, and was independent of the developmental stage. Further experiments identified loss of blood and lymphatic vasculature, and suppression of renal function in larvae exposed to 10 µM cabozantinib. Molecular analysis showed downregulation of the vasculature marker genes vegfr, prox1a, sox18, and the renal function markers nephrin and podocin as the potential molecular basis for the above defects, implicating them in the mechanism of cabozantinib-induced edema. Our findings reveal edema as a previously unreported phenotypic effect of cabozantinib and identify the likely mechanistic basis. These findings also highlight the need for studies investigating edema due to vascular and renal dysfunction as a potential clinical adverse effect of cabozantinib, and possibly other VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavender Medishetti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao C
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiranam Chatti
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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8
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Castillo M, Hercz D. Elderly Woman With Painful Rashes on Hands and Feet. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:228-231. [PMID: 37479401 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hercz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Miami/Jackson Health System, Miami, FL
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Chen WC, Chang AC, Tsai HC, Liu PI, Huang CL, Guo JH, Liu CL, Liu JF, Huynh Hoai Thuong L, Tang CH. Bone sialoprotein promotes lung cancer osteolytic bone metastasis via MMP14-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115540. [PMID: 37028462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases during lung cancer are common. Bone sialoprotein (BSP), a non-collagenous bone matrix protein, plays important functions in bone mineralization processes and in integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions. Importantly, BSP induces bone metastasis in lung cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study therefore sought to determine the intracellular signaling pathways responsible for BSP-induced migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to bone. Analyses of the Kaplan-Meier, TCGA, GEPIA and GENT2 databases revealed that high levels of BSP expression in lung tissue samples were associated with significantly decreased overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.17; p=0.014) and with a more advanced clinical disease stage (F-value = 2.38, p<0.05). We also observed that BSP-induced stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 promoted lung cancer cell migration and invasion via the PI3K/AKT/AP-1 signaling pathway. Notably, BSP promoted osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to RANKL and BSP neutralizing antibody reduced osteoclast formation in conditioned medium (CM) from lung cancer cell lines. Finally, at 8 weeks after mice were injected with A549 cells or A549 BSP shRNA cells, the findings revealed that the knockdown of BSP expression significantly reduced metastasis to bone. These findings suggest that BSP signaling promotes lung bone metastasis via its direct downstream target gene MMP14, which reveals a novel potential therapeutic target for lung cancer bone metastases.
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Rizzo A, Nuvola G, Palmiotti G, Ahcene-Djaballah S, Mollica V, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Nigro MC, Tassinari E, Macrini S, Massari F. Hypertransaminasemia in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving immune-based combinations: a meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:117-126. [PMID: 36695110 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: We performed a meta-analysis to assess the relative risk (RR) of all-grade and grade 3-4 hypertransaminasemia in studies comparing immune-based combinations with sunitinib in treatment-naive patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Materials & methods: Outcomes of interest included all-grade and grade 3-4 hypertransaminasemia measured as RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: RRs for all-grade hypertransaminasemia were 1.73 (95% CI: 1.25-2.4) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.25-2.12) in patients receiving immunocombinations and sunitinib, respectively. The pooled RRs for grade 3-4 hypertransaminasemia were 3.24 and 3.04 in patients treated with immunocombinations or sunitinib. Conclusion: Immune-based combinations were associated with higher hypertransaminasemia risk. Physicians should pay attention to these common but overlooked events. Careful monitoring of tolerability remains a crucial need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico "Don Tonino Bello", I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gennaro Palmiotti
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico "Don Tonino Bello", I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco 65, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Nigro
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassinari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sveva Macrini
- Medical Oncology Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Højer Wang L, Wehland M, Wise PM, Infanger M, Grimm D, Kreissl MC. Cabozantinib, Vandetanib, Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib as Treatment for Progressed Medullary Thyroid Cancer with a Main Focus on Hypertension as Adverse Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032312. [PMID: 36768635 PMCID: PMC9917177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript investigates cabozantinib, vandetanib, pralsetinib, and selpercatinib, four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which are used to treat advanced and/or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Data on efficacy and safety are presented with the main focus on treatment-related hypertension, a well-known adverse effect (AE) of these TKIs. Taken together, TKI-induced hypertension is rarely a dose-limiting side effect. However, with increasing survival times of patients under treatment, hypertension-associated complications can be expected to be on the rise without proper medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Højer Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Petra M. Wise
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael C. Kreissl
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-13000
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12
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McGregor B, Geynisman DM, Burotto M, Porta C, Suarez C, Bourlon MT, Del Tejo V, Du EX, Yang X, Sendhil SR, Betts KA, Huo S. Grade 3/4 Adverse Event Costs of Immuno-oncology Combination Therapies for Previously Untreated Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncologist 2023; 28:72-79. [PMID: 36124890 PMCID: PMC9847521 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite 4 approved combination regimens in the first-line setting for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), adverse event (AE) costs data are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive analysis on 2 AE cost comparisons was conducted using patient-level data for the nivolumab-based therapies and published data for the pembrolizumab-based therapies. First, grade 3/4 AE costs were compared between nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + axitinib using data from the CheckMate 214 (median follow-up [mFU]: 13.1 months), CheckMate 9ER (mFU: 12.8 months), and KEYNOTE-426 (mFU: 12.8 months) trials, respectively. Second, grade 3/4 AE costs were compared between nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + lenvatinib using data from the CheckMate 214 (mFU: 26.7 months), CheckMate 9ER (mFU: 23.5 months), and KEYNOTE-581 (mFU: 26.6 months) trials, respectively. Per-patient costs for all-cause and treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs with corresponding any-grade AE rates ≥ 20% were calculated based on the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database and inflated to 2020 US dollars. RESULTS Per-patient all-cause grade 3/4 AE costs for nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + axitinib were $2703 vs. $4508 vs. $5772, and treatment-related grade 3/4 AE costs were $741 vs. $2722 vs. $4440 over ~12.8 months of FU. For nivolumab + ipilimumab vs. nivolumab + cabozantinib vs. pembrolizumab + lenvatinib, per-patient all-cause grade 3/4 AE costs were $3120 vs. $5800 vs. $9285, while treatment-related grade 3/4 AE costs were $863 vs. $3162 vs. $5030 over ~26.6 months of FU. CONCLUSION Patients with aRCC treated with first-line nivolumab-based therapies had lower grade 3/4 all-cause and treatment-related AE costs than pembrolizumab-based therapies, suggesting a more favorable cost-benefit profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley McGregor
- Corresponding author: Bradley McGregor, MD, The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel: +1 617 632 6328; Fax: +1 617 632 2165; E-mail:
| | | | | | - Camillo Porta
- University of Bari “A. Moro,” and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Vall d´Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ella X Du
- Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Roberto M, Panebianco M, Aschelter AM, Buccilli D, Cantisani C, Caponnetto S, Cortesi E, d’Amuri S, Fofi C, Ierinò D, Maestrini V, Marchetti P, Marignani M, Stigliano A, Vivona L, Santini D, Tomao S. The value of the multidisciplinary team in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Paving the way for precision medicine in toxicities management. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1026978. [PMID: 36713496 PMCID: PMC9879059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The new landscape of treatments for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (mRCC) is constantly expanding, but it is associated with the emergence of novel toxicities, adding to up to those observed in the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. Indeed, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or in combination has been associated with the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving multiple-organ systems which, even if rarely, had led to fatal outcomes. Moreover, due to the relatively recent addition of ICIs to the previously available treatments, the potential additive adverse effects of these combinations are still unknown. A prompt recognition and management of these toxicities currently represents a fundamental issue in oncology, since it correlates with the outcome of cancer patients. Even if clinical guidelines provide indications for the management of irAEs, no specific protocol to evaluate the individual risk of developing an adverse event during therapy is currently available. A multidisciplinary approach addressing appropriate interventions aimed at reducing the risk of any insidious, severe, and/or dose-limiting toxicity might represent the most efficacious strategy to timely prevent and manage severe irAEs, allowing indirectly to improve both patients' cancer-specific survival and quality of life. In this review, we reported a five-case series of toxicity events that occurred at our center during treatment for mRCC followed by the remarks of physicians from different specialties, pinpointing the relevant role of an integrated and extended multidisciplinary team in a modern model of mRCC patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Panebianco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Martina Panebianco,
| | - Anna Maria Aschelter
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dorelsa Buccilli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Cantisani
- Department of Dermatology, Complex Operative Unit (UOC) of Dermatology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caponnetto
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit B, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit B, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara d’Amuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fofi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Ierinò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Marignani
- Head Liver Disease Section, Digestive and Liver Diseases Department, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Sant ‘Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Vivona
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Complex Operative Unit (UOC) Oncologia Medica, Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Cardiotoxicity of Selected Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010181. [PMID: 36672689 PMCID: PMC9855533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms of the kidney. The therapeutic options available for the treatment of advanced or metastatic RCC include vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted molecules, for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Various VEGFR-TKIs proved to be effective in the treatment of patients with solid tumours. The combination of two drugs may prove most beneficial in the treatment of metastatic RCC; however, it also enhances the risk of toxicity compared to monotherapy. Specific VEGFR-TKIs (e.g., sunitinib, sorafenib or pazopanib) may increase the rate of cardiotoxicity in metastatic settings. VEGF inhibitors modulate multiple signalling pathways; thus, the identification of the mechanism underlying cardiotoxicity appears challenging. VEGF signalling is vital for the maintenance of cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac function; therefore, its inhibition can be responsible for the reported adverse effects. Disturbed growth factor signalling pathways may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired revascularization, the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophies and altered peripheral vascular load. Patients at high cardiovascular risk at baseline could benefit from clinical follow-up in the first 2-4 weeks after the introduction of targeted molecular therapy; however, there is no consensus concerning the surveillance strategy.
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15
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Sachkova AA, Andreeva DV, Tikhomirov AS, Scherbakov AM, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Bogdanov FB, Rysina YD, Shchekotikhin AE, Shchegravina ES, Fedorov AY. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Investigation of Cabozantinib-Based PROTACs to Target c-Met Kinase. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122829. [PMID: 36559322 PMCID: PMC9781691 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This investigation aimed at developing a series of c-Met-targeting cabozantinib-based PROTACs. (2) Methods: Purification of intermediate and target compounds was performed using column chromatography, in vitro antiproliferation activity was measured using a standard MTT assay and a c-Met degradation assay was performed via the immunoblotting technique. (3) Results: Several compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity towards different cell lines of breast cancer (T47D, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, HCC1954 and MCF7) at the same level as parent cabozantinib and 7-demethyl cabozantinib. Two target conjugates, bearing a VHL-ligand as an E3-ligase binding moiety and glycol-based linkers, exhibited the effective inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation and an ability to decrease the level of c-Met in HCC1954 cells at micromolar concentrations. (4) Conclusions: Two compounds exhibit c-Met inhibition activity in the nanomolar range and can be considered as PROTAC molecules due to their ability to decrease the total level of c-Met in HCC1954 cells. The structures of the offered compounds can be used as starting points for further evaluation of cabozantinib-based PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Sachkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria V. Andreeva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor B. Bogdanov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D. Rysina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina S. Shchegravina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.); Tel.: +7-906-359-74-49 (E.S.S.)
| | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.); Tel.: +7-906-359-74-49 (E.S.S.)
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16
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Quintanilha JCF, Geyer S, Etheridge AS, Racioppi A, Hammond K, Crona DJ, Peña CE, Jacobson S, Marmorino F, Rossini D, Cremolini C, Sanoff HK, Abou-Alfa GK, Innocenti F. KDR genetic predictor of toxicities induced by sorafenib and regorafenib. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2022; 22:251-257. [PMID: 35484400 PMCID: PMC9613789 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
No biomarkers are available to predict toxicities induced by VEGFR TKIs. This study aimed to identify markers of toxicities induced by these drugs using a discovery-validation approach. The discovery set included 140 sorafenib-treated cancer patients (TARGET study) genotyped for SNPs in 56 genes. The most significant SNPs associated with grade ≥2 hypertension, diarrhea, dermatologic toxicities, and composite toxicity (any one of the toxicities) were tested for association with grade ≥2 toxicity in a validation set of 201 sorafenib-treated patients (Alliance/CALGB 80802). The validated SNP was tested for association with grade ≥2 toxicity in 107 (LCCC 1029) and 82 (Italian cohort) regorafenib-treated patients. SNP-toxicity associations were evaluated using logistic regression, and a meta-analysis between the studies was performed by inverse variance. Variant rs4864950 in KDR increased the risk of grade ≥2 composite toxicity in TARGET, Alliance/CALGB 80802, and the Italian cohort (meta-analysis p = 6.79 × 10-4, OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.34-3.01). We identified a predictor of toxicities induced by VEGFR TKIs. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00073307 (TARGET), NCT01015833 (Alliance/CALGB 80802), and NCT01298570 (LCCC 1029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. F. Quintanilha
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Correspondence: Julia C. F. Quintanilha. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Genetic Medicine Bldg. 120 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7361, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7361,
| | - Susan Geyer
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy S. Etheridge
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alessandro Racioppi
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelli Hammond
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel J. Crona
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol E. Peña
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sawyer Jacobson
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Federica Marmorino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanna K. Sanoff
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- AbbVie, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Correspondence: Federico Innocenti, MD, PhD. AbbVie, Inc., South San Francisco, 1000 Gateway Blvd. South San Francisco, California 94080,
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17
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Gu X, Zhang S, Yang X, Guan T, Hou Z, Cao M, Li H, Zhang T. Drug-related adverse events potentially predict the efficacy of apatinib on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:441. [PMCID: PMC9620633 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide every year, and most HCC patients are diagnosed with advanced disease and can only receive systemic treatment. TKIs are the most important components of the systemic treatment of HCC and have both good efficacy and adverse events (AEs). Methods This analysis included 207 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HCC who received oral treatment with apatinib. We analyzed the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with or without corresponding AEs to evaluate which AEs can predict the efficacy of apatinib. Results Patients with hand-foot syndrome (HFS; p = 0.005), proteinuria (p = 0.006) and diarrhea (p < 0.001) had significantly better OS than those without corresponding AEs, and the appearance of HFS (p = 0.006) and proteinuria (p = 0.004) was associated with longer PFS. Conclusion Among all the AEs induced by apatinib in the treatment of advanced HCC, proteinuria could potentially predict PFS, and diarrhea was a potential predictor of OS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02542-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gu
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Su Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,grid.507043.5Present Address: Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, 445000 EnshiHubei, China
| | - Tao Guan
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Zhenyu Hou
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Manqing Cao
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Huikai Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Ti Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,Present Address: Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Colomba E, Alves Costa Silva C, Le Teuff G, Elmawieh J, Afonso D, Benchimol-Zouari A, Guida A, Derosa L, Flippot R, Raynard B, Escudier B, Bidault F, Albiges L. Weight and skeletal muscle loss with cabozantinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2405-2416. [PMID: 35903892 PMCID: PMC9530538 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib, a standard of care metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), may be associated with weight and muscle loss. These effects of new generation VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on muscle mass loss are poorly described. METHODS All cabozantinib-treated mRCC patients from January 2014 to February 2019 in our institution were included. Clinical data including weight were collected during therapy. Computed tomography images were centrally reviewed for response assessment, and axial sections at the third lumbar vertebrae were used to measure the total muscle area. Toxicities and cabozantinib outcomes were evaluated. Co-primary endpoints included skeletal muscle loss and weight loss (WL), longitudinally evaluated during treatment. WL has been classified according to CTCAEv5.0: Grade 1 (loss of 5 to <10% of baseline body weight), Grade 2 (loss of 10% to <20% of baseline body weight), and Grades 3-4 (loss >20% of baseline body weight). RESULTS Patients were mostly men (70.3%), median age was 59.2 (range: 22.0-78.0) years, and median baseline body mass index was 25.0 (range: 16.4-49.3) kg/cm2 . Prognosis according to International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium score was good, intermediate, and poor for 13 (13.0%), 63 (63.0%), and 24 (24.0%) patients, respectively. Out of a total of 120 patients, 101 patients with a median follow-up of 22.3 months (range: 4.5-62.2) were eligible for analysis; 85 experienced muscle loss and muscle loss >10% increased during cabozantinib exposition, especially after 6 months of treatment. At cabozantinib baseline, 71 patients (70.3%) had sarcopenia, and 16/30 (53.3%) non-sarcopenic patients developed sarcopenia during treatment. Baseline sarcopenia was associated with lower response rates (P = 0.031) and higher grades 3-4 toxicities (P = 0.001). Out of 92 patients included in the WL analysis, 44 (47.8%) and 12 (13.0%) experienced grades 2 and 3 WL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We report a high incidence of grades 3-4 WL, fourth times higher than reported in prior pivotal trials, and half of the patients developed sarcopenia while on cabozantinib treatment. Weight and muscle mass loss with cabozantinib are underreported and may require further investigations and early management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Colomba
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Carolina Alves Costa Silva
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gwénaël Le Teuff
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jamie Elmawieh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgery and Interventional, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Afonso
- Imaging Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Annalisa Guida
- Medical and Translational Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Raynard
- Dietetics and Nutrition Unit, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - François Bidault
- Imaging Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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19
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Elebiyo TC, Rotimi D, Evbuomwan IO, Maimako RF, Iyobhebhe M, Ojo OA, Oluba OM, Adeyemi OS. Reassessing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100620. [PMID: 35964475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is fundamental to the growth and spread of tumor cells to distant sites. As a consequence, angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing ones, is a characteristic trait of cancer. In 1971, Judah Folkman postulated that tumour growth is angiogenesis dependent and that by cutting off blood supply, a neoplastic lesion could be potentially starved into remission. Decades of research have been devoted to understanding the role that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays in tumor angiogenesis, and it has been identified as a significant pro-angiogenic factor that is frequently overexpressed within a tumor mass. Today, anti-VEGF drugs such as Sunitinib, Sorafenib, Axitinib, Tanibirumab, and Ramucirumab have been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers. However, anti-angiogenic therapy has turned out to be more complex than originally thought. The failure of this therapeutic option calls for a reevaluation of VEGF as the major target in anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. The call for reassessment is based on two rationales: first, tumour blood vessels are abnormal, disorganized, and leaky; this not only prevents optimal drug delivery but it also promotes hypoxia and metastasis; secondly, tumour growth or regrowth might be blood vessel dependent and not angiogenesis dependent as tumour cells can acquire blood vessels via non-angiogenic mechanisms. Therefore, a critical assessment of VEGF, VEGFRs, and their inhibitors could glean newer options such as repurposing anti-VEGF drugs as vascular normalizing agents to enhance drug delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, 232101, Nigeria..
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20
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Geynisman DM, Burotto M, Porta C, Suarez C, Bourlon MT, Huo S, Del Tejo V, Du EX, Yang X, Betts KA, Choueiri TK, McGregor B. Temporal Trends in Grade 3/4 Adverse Events and Associated Costs of Nivolumab Plus Cabozantinib Versus Sunitinib for Previously Untreated Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Drug Investig 2022; 42:611-622. [PMID: 35696045 PMCID: PMC9250488 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-022-01170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Novel immunotherapy-based combination treatments have drastically improved clinical outcomes for previously untreated patients with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). This study aimed to assess the temporal trends in grade 3/4 adverse event (AE) rates and associated costs of nivolumab plus cabozantinib combination therapy versus sunitinib monotherapy in previously untreated patients with aRCC. METHODS Individual patient data from the CheckMate 9ER trial (nivolumab plus cabozantinib: N = 320; sunitinib: N = 320) were used to calculate the proportion of patients experiencing grade 3/4 AEs. AE unit costs were obtained from the United States (US) 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) and inflated to 2020 US dollars. Per-patient-per-month (PPPM) all-cause and treatment-related grade 3/4 AE costs over 18-months, temporal trends, and top drivers of AE costs were evaluated in both treatment arms. RESULTS Overall, the proportion of patients experiencing grade 3/4 AEs decreased over time, with the highest rates observed in the first 3 months for the nivolumab plus cabozantinib and sunitinib arms. Compared with sunitinib, nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with consistently lower average all-cause AE costs PPPM [month 3: $2021 vs. $3097 (p < 0.05); month 6: $1653 vs. $2418 (p < 0.05); month 12: $1450 vs. $1935 (p > 0.05); month 18: $1337 vs. $1755 (p > 0.05)]. Over 18 months, metabolism and nutrition disorders ($244), laboratory abnormalities ($182), and general disorders and administration site conditions ($122) were the costliest all-cause PPPM AE categories in the nivolumab plus cabozantinib arm, and laboratory abnormalities ($443), blood and lymphatic system disorders ($254), and metabolism and nutrition disorders ($177) were the costliest in the sunitinib arm. Trends of treatment-related AE costs were consistent with all-cause AE costs. CONCLUSIONS Nivolumab plus cabozantinib was associated with lower costs of grade 3/4 AE management PPPM than sunitinib, which accumulated over the 18-month study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Geynisman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Burotto
- Oncology Department, Bradford Hill Clinical Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camillo Porta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari 'A.Moro' and Division of Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Medical Oncology, Vall d' Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d' Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Urologic Oncology Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephen Huo
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research-US Market, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ella X Du
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoran Yang
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith A Betts
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Analysis Group, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bradley McGregor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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21
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Iaxx R, Lefort F, Domblides C, Ravaud A, Bernhard JC, Gross-Goupil M. An Evaluation of Cabozantinib for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Patient Selection and Perspectives. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:619-632. [PMID: 35677148 PMCID: PMC9169675 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s251673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against several receptors involved in the angiogenesis pathway, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), c-MET and AXL. The antiangiogenic properties of cabozantinib led to its use as a monotherapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC), and quickly resulted in this treatment becoming part of the standard of care for these tumors. Since the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), new standards of care have emerged in first-line settings, involving dual ICI or ICI–VEGF-TKI (including ICI–cabozantinib) combination treatments, and leading to a more complex algorithm of care. Cabozantinib remains an option in second-line settings and is still a first-line standard of care treatment in cases where the use of ICIs is contraindicated. This review focuses on the selection of patients who may benefit most from cabozantinib therapy, including those with bone and brain metastases and those with a non-clear cell RCC histology. The need to consider disease-related symptoms, comorbidities, age, drug interactions and biomarker analyses in the choice of therapeutic strategy is also highlighted. Finally, the perspectives for the use of cabozantinib in RCC treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Iaxx
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Felix Lefort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Domblides
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- ImmunoConcEpt, CNRS UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Bernhard
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Gross-Goupil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: Marine Gross-Goupil, Hôpital Saint-André, 1 rue Jean Burguet, Bordeaux Cedex, 33076, France, Tel +33556795808, Fax +33556795896, Email
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22
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Ye H, Yan J, Wang Q, Tian H, Zhou L. The protective effects of cabozantinib against high glucose-induced damages in in vitro renal glomerular endothelial cells model via inhibition of early growth response-1 (Egr-1). Bioengineered 2022; 13:10605-10616. [PMID: 35441585 PMCID: PMC9161968 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-tumor activity in kidney cancer. However, the efficacy of cabozantinib in other renal diseases has never been reported. Here, we focused on exploring the effect of cabozantinib on diabetic nephropathy (DN). The biofunctions of cabozantinib in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (hGECs) under high glucose conditions have been investigated. We found that cabozantinib ameliorated high glucose-induced oxidative stress in hGECs with decreased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity. Cabozantinib ameliorated high glucose-induced reduction in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in hGECs. It also suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemokine protein 1 (MCP-1), against high glucose exposure in hGECs. Cabozantinib reduced the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) in high glucose-treated hGECs, while Egr-1 overexpression abolished the protective effects of cabozantinib against high glucose in hGECs. In conclusion, cabozantinib protected hGECs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, NO deficiency, and inflammation via regulating Egr-1. These findings suggest that cabozantinib might be used as an adjuvant to control DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlu Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Respiratory Department Attending Surgeon, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Respiratory Department Attending Surgeon, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Nephrology Department Attending Surgeon, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
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23
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Andrews JR, Lohse CM, Boorjian SA, Leibovich BC, Thompson H, Costello BA, Bhindi B. Outcomes following cytoreductive nephrectomy without immediate postoperative systemic therapy for patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:166.e1-166.e8. [PMID: 35168879 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the recent CARMENA trial evaluated upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) among patients treated with immediate subsequent systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the role of CN in patients not immediately requiring systemic therapy remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE To describe the oncologic outcomes of patients with de-novo synchronous mRCC who underwent CN +/- metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) and subsequent surveillance without planned immediate post-CN systemic therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Adults who underwent CN for unilateral, sporadic mRCC between 1996 and 2016 without immediate postoperative systemic therapy were identified using the prospectively-maintained Mayo Clinic Nephrectomy Registry. Co-primary outcomes were survival free of systemic therapy or death and overall-survival. RESULTS Of 156 patients who met inclusion criteria for study, 37 (24%) patients were managed after CN with surveillance alone and 119 (76%) underwent MDT. Seventy-two patients ultimately initiated systemic therapy at a median of 0.7 years (IQR 0.3-1.7). Median follow-up among survivors was 6.2 years (IQR 4.4-9.5), during which time 133 patients died. At 1, 3, and 5 years, survival free of systemic therapy or death rates were 47%, 21% and 14% and overall-survival rates were 69%, 37%, and 28%. CONCLUSION Among carefully selected patients managed with surveillance after CN +/- MDT, approximately half may avoid systemic therapy for 1 year, with a subset achieving long-term survival free of systemic therapy or death. Having a single metastatic site and disease amenable to complete metastasectomy are features of patients who might be well served with upfront CN +/- MDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M Lohse
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | - Bimal Bhindi
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Ba Z, Xiao Y, He M, Liu D, Wang H, Liang H, Yuan J. Risk Factors for the Comorbidity of Hypertension and Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Cardio-Oncologic Era and Treatment for Tumor-Induced Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:810262. [PMID: 35252390 PMCID: PMC8892205 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.810262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in tumor diagnosis and treatment, especially the use of targeted therapies, have remarkably improved the survival rate of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accompanied by higher hypertension (HTN) incidence among patients with RCC, reflecting the coming of a cardio-oncologic era. Therefore, for patients with RCC and HTN simultaneously, finding risk factors for the comorbidity and giving better clinical treatment have been urgent problems. In this review, we thoroughly investigated risk factors for the comorbidity of HTN and RCC based on preclinical and clinical studies. Firstly, RCC and HTN may have common risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and other modifiable lifestyles. Secondly, RCC and HTN may lead to each other directly or indirectly by their therapies. We then discussed measures of reducing the comorbidity and treatment of HTN in patients with RCC. We also discussed the deficiency of current studies and pointed out future directions. In conclusion, this review aims to deepen the understanding of cardio-oncology and bring benefit to the population who are at high risk of getting or have already got RCC and HTN simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Ba
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiansong Yuan
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25
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Martini DJ, Evans ST, Liu Y, Shabto JM, Uner OE, Olsen TA, Brown JT, Russler GA, Yantorni L, Caulfield S, Goldman JM, Nazha B, Harris WB, Master VA, Kucuk O, Carthon BC, Bilen MA. Analysis of Toxicity and Clinical Outcomes in Full Versus Reduced Starting Dose Cabozantinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:53-59. [PMID: 34922840 PMCID: PMC8816843 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full dose cabozantinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is 60 mg, but adverse events (AEs) may require dose reductions. Limited data exist comparing efficacy among cabozantinib doses. We compared AEs and clinical outcomes in mRCC patients treated with full vs. reduced starting cabozantinib dose. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 87 mRCC patients treated with cabozantinib at Winship Cancer Institute from 2016 to 2019. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response (OR) rate measured clinical outcomes. AEs were collected from clinic notes and the most common were hypertension, mucositis/hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), or gastrointestinal toxicity. Univariate analysis (UVA) between starting doses and AEs with clinical outcomes was performed using logistic regression model. Multivariable analysis was also performed using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS Most patients were men (71%) with clear-cell RCC (72%). The majority were IMDC intermediate (58%) or poor (35%) risk. One third received first-line cabozantinib and 64% had ≥3 baseline metastatic sites. Most patients (68%) required dose reduction from 60 mg or started at reduced dose without escalation. Reduced dose patients were more likely to have ≥3 distant metastatic sites (70% vs. 58%) and ≥2 prior lines of systemic therapy (50% vs. 40%) compared to full dose patients. UVA revealed a trend towards shorter OS (HR: 1.78, P = .095), PFS (HR: 1.50, P = .107), and lower chance of OR (HR:0.42, P = .149) among reduced dose patients. This trend did not hold in Multivariable analysis (OS HR: 1.20, P = .636; PFS HR: 1.23, P = .4662). Mucositis/HFSR and hypertension were significantly associated with improved outcomes in UVA. CONCLUSIONS Although we found a trend favoring full dose cabozantinib, this is likely due to worse baseline disease characteristics among patients starting on a reduced dose. Hypertension and mucositis/HFSR may be associated with improved outcomes. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Martini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean T. Evans
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie M. Shabto
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ogul E. Uner
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T. Anders Olsen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline T. Brown
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Yantorni
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Caulfield
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamie M. Goldman
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel Nazha
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wayne B. Harris
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viraj A. Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley C. Carthon
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding Author: Dr. Mehmet A. Bilen, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA. Phone: 404-778-3693,
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26
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McGregor B, Mortazavi A, Cordes L, Salabao C, Vandlik S, Apolo AB. Management of adverse events associated with cabozantinib plus nivolumab in renal cell carcinoma: A review. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 103:102333. [PMID: 35033866 PMCID: PMC9590624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been successfully developed in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), further advancing treatment. While safety profiles are generally manageable with combination regimens, overlapping adverse events (AEs) and immune-related AEs can make treatment more complex. The CheckMate 9ER study evaluated the tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib in combination with the anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody nivolumab in patients with previously untreated advanced RCC. Cabozantinib + nivolumab demonstrated superiority over sunitinib for progression-free survival, overall survival, and objective response rate. These outcomes supported the approval of cabozantinib + nivolumab as a first-line therapy for advanced RCC. The safety profile was manageable with prophylaxis, supportive care, dose holds and reductions for cabozantinib, and dose holds and immunosuppressive therapy for nivolumab. This review discusses the safety results of CheckMate 9ER and provides guidance on managing some of the more clinically relevant AEs with a focus on overlapping AEs, including diarrhea, elevated amylase/lipase, hepatotoxicity, dermatologic reactions, fatigue, endocrine disorders, and nephrotoxicity. We discuss AE management strategies (prophylaxis, supportive care, dose modification, and immunosuppressive therapy), and provide recommendations for identifying the causative agent of overlapping AEs and for consulting specialists about organ-specific immune-related AEs. Optimizing AE management can maintain tolerability and should be a priority with cabozantinib + nivolumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Cordes
- National Cancer Institute and the Office of Clinical Research at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Susan Vandlik
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea B. Apolo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lin Y, Qin S, Li Z, Yang H, Fu W, Li S, Chen W, Gao Z, Miao W, Xu H, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Bao J, Li L, Ren Y, Lin C, Jing S, Ma Q, Liang J, Chen G, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Sang Y, Hou Z. Apatinib vs Placebo in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic, Radioactive Iodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The REALITY Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:242-250. [PMID: 34913959 PMCID: PMC8678901 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib, a highly selective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR-2) inhibitor, in patients with progressive locally advanced or metastatic RAIR-DTC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (Efficacy of Apatinib in Radioactive Iodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer [REALITY]) was conducted in 92 patients with progressive locally advanced or metastatic RAIR-DTC between February 17, 2017, and March 2, 2020, at 21 sites within China, and the data cutoff date for this analysis was March 25, 2020. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to apatinib, 500 mg/d, or placebo. Patients who developed progression while receiving placebo were allowed to cross over to apatinib. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, time to objective response, and safety. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed to evaluate efficacy. RESULTS Of the 92 patients included in the trial, 56 were women (60.9%); mean (SD) age at baseline was 55.7 (10.6) years. Patients were randomized to the apatinib (n = 46) or placebo (n = 46) group. The median follow-up duration was 18.1 (IQR, 12.7-22.2) months. The median PFS was 22.2 (95% CI, 10.91-not reached) months for apatinib vs 4.5 (95% CI, 1.94-9.17) months for placebo (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.47; P < .001). The confirmed ORR was 54.3% (95% CI, 39.0%-69.1%) and the DCR was 95.7% (95% CI, 85.2%-99.5%) in the apatinib group vs an ORR of 2.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-11.5%) and DCR of 58.7% (95% CI, 43.2%-73.0%) in the placebo group. The median overall survival was not reached for apatinib (95% CI, 26.25-not reached) and was 29.9 months (95% CI, 18.96-not reached) for placebo (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18-0.97; P = .04). The most common grade 3 or higher-level treatment-related adverse events in the apatinib group were hypertension (16 [34.8%]), hand-foot syndrome (8 [17.4%]), proteinuria (7 [15.2%]), and diarrhea (7 [15.2%])-none of which occurred in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The REALITY trial met its primary end point of PFS at the prespecified interim analysis. Apatinib showed significant clinical benefits in both prolonged PFS and overall survival with a manageable safety profile in patients with progressive locally advanced or metastatic RAIR-DTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03048877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shukui Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center of Bayi Hospital, Nanjing Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zairong Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibing Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, JiangYuan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Linfa Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenghe Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanghua Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Hou
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Fogli S, Tabbò F, Capuano A, Re MD, Passiglia F, Cucchiara F, Scavone C, Gori V, Novello S, Schmidinger M, Danesi R. The expanding family of c-Met inhibitors in solid tumors: a comparative analysis of their pharmacologic and clinical differences. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Melgosa Ramos FJ, Estebánez Corrales A, Mateu Puchades A. Hand ulcers and cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to cabozantinib treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:e4-e5. [PMID: 34895893 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Marchetti A, Rosellini M, Rizzo A, Mollica V, Battelli N, Massari F, Santoni M. An up-to-date evaluation of cabozantinib for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2323-2336. [PMID: 34405738 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1959548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In the evolving treatment scenario of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, cabozantinib is gaining increasing attention, presenting as a cornerstone therapy, both as a monotherapy and in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.Areas covered: In this review, the authors explore the role of cabozantinib in the treatment of metastatic clear cell and non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma, presenting data from the most recent clinical trials and investigating ongoing studies. They, furthermore, evaluate the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and immunomodulatory effect of cabozantinib, as well as underlining the tolerability profile and patients' quality of life.Expert opinion: Cabozantinib's administration as a single agent is restricted to intermediate- and poor-risk patients (according to IMDC criteria). The further advent of anti-VEGF-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens (such as pembrolizumab + axitinib) has allowed to expand the use of cabozantinib, leading to its combination with nivolumab. In the next few years, more information is required to look for the application of cabozantinib-based combinations as a later-line approach in metastatic RCC patients, beside their use in the first-line setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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31
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Secombe KR, Van Sebille YZA, Mayo BJ, Coller JK, Gibson RJ, Bowen JM. Diarrhea Induced by Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Compared With Chemotherapy: Potential Role of the Microbiome. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420928493. [PMID: 32493068 PMCID: PMC7273583 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420928493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (SM-TKIs) are among a group of
targeted cancer therapies, intended to be more specific to cancer cells compared
with treatments, such as chemotherapy, hence reducing adverse events.
Unfortunately, many patients report high levels of diarrhea, the pathogenesis of
which remains under investigation. In this article, we compare the current state
of knowledge of the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) in
comparison to SM-TKI–induced diarrhea, and investigate how a similar research
approach in both areas may be beneficial. To this end, we review evidence that
both treatment modalities may interact with the gut microbiome, and as such the
microbiome should be investigated for its ability to reduce the risk of
diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate R Secombe
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Z A Van Sebille
- UniSA Online, Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bronwen J Mayo
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Chen C, Sheng Y. Prognostic Impact of MITD1 and Associates With Immune Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036233. [PMID: 34346239 PMCID: PMC8351032 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most malignant diseases with poor survival rate over the world. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly related to the oncogenesis, development, and prognosis of KIRC. Thus, making the identification of KIRC biomarkers and immune infiltrates critically important. Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking Domain containing 1(MITD1) was reported to participate in cytokinesis of cell division. In the present study, multiple bioinformatics tools and databases were applied to investigate the expression level and clinical value of MITD1 in KIRC. We found that the expression of MITD1 was significantly increased in KIRC tissues. Further, the KIRC patients with high MITD1 levels showed a worse overall survival (OS) rate and disease free survival (DFS) rate. Otherwise, we found a significant correlation MITD1 expression and the abundance of CD8+ T cells. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that immune response and cytokine-cytokine receptor are very critical signaling pathways which associated with MITD1 in KIRC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that MITD1 may be a potential biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Chen
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with advanced malignancy: a single-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1611-1618. [PMID: 34297245 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For advanced tumors that lack specific oncogenic alteration and are resistant to chemotherapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy or immunotherapy or a combination of the two are the most important treatments. Anlotinib is a newly developed oral small molecule receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor with the potency of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This was an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study to validate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with various cancer types. METHODS Patients with advanced malignancy who have failed previous therapies or lack effective treatment choices received daily oral administration of 12 mg anlotinib on days 1-14 every 3 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicity or physician decision. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS A total of 93 eligible patients with 26 different cancer types were enrolled. The overall ORR was 21.5%. The median PFS was 5.7 months and median OS was 12.0 months. The most common treatment-related AE of all grades and of grade 3 was both hypertriglyceridemia at an incidence of 40.9% and 5.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Anlotinib exhibits objective efficacy and safety in advanced malignancy and might be a possible treatment option for many types of cancer patients who have failed prior treatment and with no optimal therapy regimen.
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34
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Guadalupi V, Cartenì G, Iacovelli R, Porta C, Pappagallo G, Ricotta R, Procopio G. Second-line treatment in renal cell carcinoma: clinical experience and decision making. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211022870. [PMID: 34211586 PMCID: PMC8216352 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211022870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, conventional treatments for metastatic RCC (mRCC) include immune-based combination regimens and/or targeted therapies, the latter mainly acting on angiogenesis, a key element of the process of tumor growth and spread. Although these agents proved able to improve patients’ outcomes, drug resistance and disease progression are still experienced by a substantial number of VEGFR-TKIs-treated mRCC patients. Following the inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFRs axis, two strategies have emerged: either specifically targeting resistance pathways, at the same time continuing to inhibit angiogenesis, or using a completely different approach aimed at re-activating the immune system through the use of inhibitors of specific negative immune checkpoints. These two approaches, practically represented by the use of either cabozantinib or nivolumab, seem to remain a rational therapeutic approach also when first-line immune-based combinations are used. The objective of this study is to design a preferential therapeutic pathway for the second-line treatment of mRCC. The procedure applied in this project was a group discussion, based on the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) method in a meeting session, aimed at defining the therapeutic choice for the second-line treatment of mRCC. The NGT process defined the most relevant parameters that, according to the interviewed panelists, clinicians should consider for the selection of the second-line therapy in the context of advanced renal cell carcinoma of mRCC. The algorithm developed for the treatment selection as a result of this process should thus be considered by clinicians as reference for therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Cartenì
- Responsible for Research and Development Kerubin Digital Therapeutic, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Chair of Oncology Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology University of Bari 'A. Moro' and Division of Oncology AOU Consorziale Policlinico di Bari Bari, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Ricotta
- RCCS MultiMedica Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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Corona-Rodarte E, Olivas-Martínez A, Remolina-Bonilla YA, Domínguez-Cherit JG, Lam ET, Bourlon MT. Do we need skin toxicity? Association of immune checkpoint inhibitor and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related cutaneous adverse events with outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1242-1247. [PMID: 33871070 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin toxicity is a common, expected side effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) used for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We evaluated the association between skin toxicity and clinical efficacy outcomes of these agents in mRCC patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were obtained from patients with mRCC treated with TKIs and/or ICIs from 2016-2019 at a referral hospital in Mexico City. Clinical outcomes were compared among patients who developed treatment-related cutaneous adverse events (AEs) and those without skin toxicity. RESULTS Thirty-five patients with mRCC were identified who were treated with sunitinib (51.4%), nivolumab plus cabozantinib (28.6%), nivolumab monotherapy (17.1%), or ipilimumab plus nivolumab plus cabozantinib (2.9%). Any grade skin toxicity was seen in 65.7% of patients. With a median follow-up of 14 months, radiological responses were as follows: 48.6% stable disease, 25.7% partial response, and 2.8% complete response. Compared to subjects without skin toxicity, patients who developed cutaneous AEs had higher disease control rate 91.3% vs. 50.0% (P = 0.019) and superior 12-month overall survival rate 91% vs. 67% (P = 0.01), respectively. There was a trend toward improved median progression-free survival (16 months vs. 5 months, P = 0.13). Grade 1-2 cutaneous toxicity was found to be predictive for disease control, with HR 2.72 (95% CI 1.1-6.71, P = 0.030), and all grade cutaneous toxicity was prognostic of overall survival, with HR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.91, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Cutaneous AEs are associated with improved overall survival and response in patients with mRCC treated with immunotherapy and/or TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Corona-Rodarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Olivas-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuly A Remolina-Bonilla
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith G Domínguez-Cherit
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elaine T Lam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria T Bourlon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Chen HMN, Morris M, Manders PM. Cabozantinib as the causative agent of high-grade fever in a patient with a background of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:225. [PMID: 33213524 PMCID: PMC7678049 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fever, as an adverse event, is well documented in a wide array of drugs including multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors however, it is not a previously well described consequence of the novel multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, cabozantinib. Case presentation In this paper we document the first detailed review of high-grade fevers in a 54 year old male (Caucasian) with a background of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma recently commenced on cabozantinib. After detailed investigation, we exclude infection and other common causes of fever as the causative agent and further, definitively resolve the recurrent fever by ceasing cabozantinib and starting a short course of oral corticosteroids. Conclusions We have demonstrated that cabozantinib should always be considered in the aetiology of high-grade fever in relevant patients. Further, we demonstrate that temporary cessation of cabozantinib and a course of short-term steroids can induce resolution of fever and allow for recommencement of cabozantinib safely thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M N Chen
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, 6 Doherty St, Birtinya, 4575, Australia
| | - M Morris
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, 6 Doherty St, Birtinya, 4575, Australia
| | - P M Manders
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, 6 Doherty St, Birtinya, 4575, Australia. .,Griffith University, Sunshine Coast Health Institute, 6 Doherty St, Birtinya, 4575, Australia.
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Veliks J, Videja M, Kinens A, Bobrovs R, Priede M, Kuka J. trans-Fluorine Effect in Cyclopropane: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Fluorocyclopropyl Cabozantinib Analogs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2146-2150. [PMID: 33214822 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the trans-fluorine effect on the hydrolysis rate of diethyl 2-fluorocyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate provides synthetic access to both diastereomers of the fluorocyclopropyl analog of cabozantinib, a c-Met and VEGFR-2 inhibitor used as a first-line treatment for thyroid cancer and as a second-line treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Despite some known potent examples, there are only a few drug molecules that contain fluorocyclopropane moieties. Herein, we present a case study in which the monofluoro analog of a known cyclopropane-containing drug molecule displays an improved in vitro profile compared to the parent nonfluorinated structure. The fluorocyclopropane moiety may offer valuable fine-tuning options for lead optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
- Ri̅ga Stradiņš University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Artis Kinens
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Raitis Bobrovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Martins Priede
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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Patwari A, Bhatlapenumarthi V, Pascual SK. Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome due to Oral Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib: First Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:1013-1019. [PMID: 32999665 PMCID: PMC7506375 DOI: 10.1159/000509640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a rare case of atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) due to oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. No case reports of such have been found in our literature search. The patient, a 70-year-old female with metastatic renal cell cancer on oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib, was brought into the emergency room because of confusion and seizures, found to have elevated blood pressure and atypical MRI findings consistent with PRES due to cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Patwari
- Northern Light Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine, USA
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Castellano D, Pablo Maroto J, Benzaghou F, Taguieva N, Nguyen L, Clary DO, Jonasch E. Exposure-response modeling of cabozantinib in patients with renal cell carcinoma: Implications for patient care. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Cabozantinib (Cabometyx®) is a potent multikinase inhibitor targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) receptor, and the "anexelekto" (AXL) receptor tyrosine kinase. It is approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after failure of sorafenib in Europe (since November 2018) and in the USA (since January 2019). The approval of cabozantinib was based on results of the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 CELESTIAL trial in patients with unresectable HCC, who received one or two prior lines of treatment including sorafenib. At the second planned interim analysis, the trial was stopped, because the primary end point overall survival was clearly in favor for cabozantinib. Additionally, median progression-free survival was superior to placebo. The most common ≥ grade 3 relevant adverse events in patients with HCC treated with cabozantinib were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, hypertension, fatigue, and diarrhea. In this review, current data on cabozantinib for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC, with a focus on the management of common adverse events and ongoing clinical trials, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Trojan
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik 1, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Solomon BJ, Kim EE, Winter M, Monti K, Tang Y, Wilner KD, Wang S, Ou SHI. Ophthalmological assessment of crizotinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 145:167-172. [PMID: 32460197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During crizotinib clinical evaluation, visual disturbances, generally of grade 1 severity, were frequently reported adverse events (AE). Consequently, ophthalmologic assessments were included in a patient subgroup enrolled in PROFILE 1001 (NCT00585195), a phase 1, open-label, single-arm trial of crizotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and are reported here. MATERIALS AND METHODS At least 30 patients were required to undergo ophthalmologic assessments, including: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, pupil size, slit-lamp anterior segment biomicroscopy, intraocular inflammation, intraocular pressure, retinal fundoscopic exams, fundus photography, ocular characteristics, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Scheduled assessments included those at baseline, Cycle 1 Day 15, Cycle 3 Day 1 (C3D1), annually during treatment, and end of treatment (28 days after last crizotinib dose). RESULTS Thirty-three patients completed all required ophthalmologic assessments through C3D1, and 22 (66.7 %) had abnormal findings on ≥1 ophthalmologic test. Clinically important changes were ≥2-line loss in BCVA in 10 patients (30.3 %), >±1.25-diopter change in refractive error in 3 patients (9.1 %), >±2-mm change pupillary diameter change in 3 patients (9.1 %), and >50 μm increase in OCT center point thickness in 7 patients (21.2 %). Three patients (15 %) reported clinically significant abnormalities in anterior segment biomicroscopy (grade 1 cataract [n = 2], grade 1 Visual Impairment [n = 1]). No permanent treatment discontinuations were associated with ophthalmologic findings changes. Twenty-four patients (72.7 %) reported ≥1 ocular all-causality treatment-emergent AE (TEAE); none required dose reduction or permanent discontinuation, but 2 required temporary dosing interruption. Although TEAEs and ophthalmologic findings may not have occurred concurrently, of 24 patients with ≥1 all-causality ocular TEAE, 18/24 (75.0 %) had ≥1 abnormal ophthalmologic finding and 6/24 (25 %) had none; and of 9 patients without an all-causality ocular TEAE, 4/9 (44.4 %) had ≥1 abnormal ophthalmologic finding and 5/9 (55.6 %) had none. Of the 18 patients with ≥1 abnormal ophthalmologic finding, 9 (50 %) had preexisting ocular conditions. CONCLUSION During crizotinib treatment, ophthalmologic changes from baseline did not appear to be associated with patient-reported ocular TEAEs. Abnormal ophthalmologic findings occurred in the context of preexisting conditions for a number of patients. No ophthalmologic changes from baseline or ocular all-causality TEAEs required permanent treatment discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Parsons BM, Meier DR, Richmond CS, Gurda GT, Lofgren KA, Burkard ME, Deming DA, Kenny PA. Acquisition of Cabozantinib-Sensitive MET D1228N Mutation During Progression on Crizotinib in MET-Amplified Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e433-e438. [PMID: 32234363 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting of somatic MET mutations using crizotinib has led to strong clinical responses, most frequently in patients with lung cancer, raising the possibility of adopting similar treatment strategies in patients with MET alterations in other cancer types. PATIENT AND METHODS We describe a patient with advanced triple-negative breast cancer with a 30-fold amplification of MET. Next-generation sequencing of pre- and postprogression biopsies was performed to identify the resistance mechanism emerging after an initial exceptional response to crizotinib. The response of the resistance mutant to type I and II MET inhibitors was assessed in cultured cells. RESULTS After progressing on crizotinib, a MET-D1228N mutation was detected, which is located in the crizotinib-binding region of the MET kinase domain. Experimental studies demonstrated that this mutation confers complete resistance to crizotinib yet retains cabozantinib sensitivity. Treatment of the patient with cabozantinib led to a subjective improvement in clinical symptoms, but the patient progressed after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION Although MET mutations are rare in breast cancer, these patients may experience substantial clinical benefit from crizotinib treatment. Nevertheless, drug resistance owing to on-target MET mutations will likely be frequently encountered and comprehensive mechanistic studies to assess sensitivity of these mutants to a series of potential second-line therapies may help guide subsequent treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Parsons
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI
| | - David R Meier
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI
| | - Craig S Richmond
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI
| | - Grzegorz T Gurda
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI; Department of Pathology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI
| | | | - Mark E Burkard
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Paraic A Kenny
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
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Fogli S, Porta C, Del Re M, Crucitta S, Gianfilippo G, Danesi R, Rini BI, Schmidinger M. Optimizing treatment of renal cell carcinoma with VEGFR-TKIs: a comparison of clinical pharmacology and drug-drug interactions of anti-angiogenic drugs. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 84:101966. [PMID: 32044644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic treatment is an important option that has changed the therapeutic landscape in various tumors, particularly in patients affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Agents that block signaling pathways governing tumor angiogenesis have raised high expectations among clinicians. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) comprise a heterogeneous class of drugs with distinct pharmacological profiles, including potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions. Among them, tivozanib is one of the last TKIs introduced in the clinical practice; this drug selectively targets VEGFRs, it is characterized by a favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profile and has been approved as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC). In this article, we describe the clinical pharmacology of selected VEGFR-TKIs used for the treatment of mRCC, highlighting the relevant differences; moreover we aim to define the main pharmacologic characteristics of these drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Division of Translational Oncology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gianfilippo
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Brian I Rini
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lin QM, Li YH, Lu XR, Wang R, Pang NH, Xu RA, Cai JP, Hu GX. Characterization of Genetic Variation in CYP3A4 on the Metabolism of Cabozantinib in Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1583-1590. [PMID: 31293154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a multityrosine kinase inhibitor and has a wide range of applications in the clinic, whose metabolism is predominately dependent on CYP3A4. This study was performed to characterize the enzymatic properties of 29 CYP3A4 alleles toward cabozantinib and the functional changes of five selected alleles (the wild-type, CYP3A4.2.8.14 and .15) toward cabozantinib in the presence of ketoconazole. Cabozantinib, 1-100 μM, with/without the presence of ketoconazole and CYP3A4 enzymes in the incubation system went through 30 min incubation at 37 °C, and the concentrations of cabozantinib N-oxide were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS to calculate the corresponding kinetic parameters of each variant. Collectively, without the presence of ketoconazole, most variants displayed defective enzymatic activities in different degrees, and only CYP3A4.14 and .15 showed significantly augmented enzymatic activities. With the presence of ketoconazole, five tested CYP3A4 alleles, even CYP3A4.14 and .15, exhibited obvious reductions in intrinsic clearance. Besides, we compared cabozantinib with regorafenib in relative clearance to confirm that CYP3A4 has the property of substrate specificity. As the first study of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms toward cabozantinib, our observations can provide prediction of an individual's capability in response to cabozantinib and guidance for medication and treatment of cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Meng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Xiang-Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ni-Hong Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital , National Center of Gerontology , 100000 Beijing , PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wenzhou Medical University , 325035 Wenzhou , PR China
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Rimassa L, Danesi R, Pressiani T, Merle P. Management of adverse events associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Improving outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 77:20-28. [PMID: 31195212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer. Sorafenib, regorafenib, lenvatinib and cabozantinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target, in part, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and are approved in various regions of the world for the treatment of advanced HCC. All these agents are associated with a range of adverse events (AEs) that can have a substantial impact on patients' health-related quality of life. Fatigue, diarrhoea, hand-foot skin reaction, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, hypertension and weight loss are among the most common AEs experienced with these four TKIs. In this review, we discuss strategies for the management of these AEs in patients with advanced HCC, with the aim of maximizing treatment benefits and minimizing the need for TKI treatment discontinuation. We also consider potential TKI-drug interactions and discuss the use of TKIs in patients with liver dysfunction or who have experienced tumour recurrence after liver transplantation. Use of appropriate AE management strategies and avoidance of contraindicated drugs should help patients with advanced HCC to achieve optimal outcomes with TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Merle
- Department of Hepatology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 103 Grande rue de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France.
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Lemke EA, Shah AY, Campbell M, Tannir NM. Real-World Experience With Cabozantinib in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis. J Adv Pract Oncol 2019; 10:333-339. [PMID: 33343982 PMCID: PMC7520741 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2019.10.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib inhibits tyrosine kinase activity at the MET, AXL, and VEGF receptors and is approved for front-line therapy in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Little off-protocol data exist on tolerability and response. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess off-protocol tolerability and response rates in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma being treated with cabozantinib. Data on baseline disease characteristics and treatment details were retrospectively gathered for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with cabozantinib at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2015 to 2017. A blinded radiologist determined the best response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Descriptive statistics were utilized. Cabozantinib has a high disease control rate (92%), even as a late line of therapy in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, careful monitoring is warranted, as many patients require treatment breaks and dose reductions for therapy-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Lemke
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amishi Y Shah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew Campbell
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Iacovelli R, Ciccarese C, Fornarini G, Massari F, Bimbatti D, Mosillo C, Rebuzzi SE, Di Nunno V, Grassi M, Fantinel E, Ardizzoni A, Tortora G. Cabozantinib-related cardiotoxicity: a prospective analysis in a real-world cohort of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1283-1289. [PMID: 30740760 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Data regarding the cardiac toxicity of cabozantinib lacks. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of cabozantinib-related cardiotoxicity in mRCC patients. METHODS We performed a multicentre prospective study on mRCC patients treated with cabozantinib between October 2016 and November 2017. Transthoracic echocardiogram and plasma biomarkers assay were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after cabozantinib initiation. RESULTS The study population included 22 mRCC patients. At baseline, 9.1% had a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but none had a left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patients with baseline reduced LVEF did not show further significant LVEF modification after 3 months. After 6 months, only 1 had an LVEF decline >10% compared to baseline, resulting in LV systolic dysfunction. At baseline, 64.7% and 27.3% of patients had elevated precursor brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI), respectively. Among patients with basal normal proBNP and hsTnI, none had elevated values at 3 and 6 months. No correlation was found between basal elevated proBNP and basal reduced LVEF (P = .29), and between elevated proBNP and reduced LVEF after 6 months (P = .37). Similarly, we found no correlations between elevated hsTnI and reduced LVEF or elevated proBNP at baseline (P = .47; P = .38), at 3 (P = .059; P = .45) and after 6 months (P = .72; P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS This prospective study revealed a modest risk of developing left ventricular systolic dysfunction related to cabozantinib. A lack of correlation between elevated cardiac biomarkers and reduced LVEF at different time-points was detected. Assessments of the cardiac function should be reserved at the occurrence of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iacovelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fornarini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Bimbatti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Mosillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Grassi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fantinel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Sinibaldi VJ, Pratz CF, Yankulina O. Kidney Cancer: Toxicity Management, Symptom Control, and Palliative Care. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO2018790188. [PMID: 30372391 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.79.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenges of managing the toxicities associated with the current armamentarium to combat kidney cancer continue to grow. It is therefore paramount for providers to not only have knowledge of the disease, but to also have an understanding of the potential adverse effects associated with the various treatments. In addition, it is important to incorporate palliative care strategies to help manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and support patients and their families throughout the continuum of the disease. This article will discuss the general toxicities and symptomatic issues encountered in patients with kidney cancer who are receiving targeted therapies and immunotherapies. It will also define the components of palliative care and its benefits. The recommendations in this article are from source documentation noted in various guidelines of the Oncology Nursing Society, ASCO, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. We feel it is appropriate to modify and individualize management as deemed necessary to provide the best outcome for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Sinibaldi
- Victoria J. Sinibaldi and Caroline F. Pratz, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; and Olga Yankulina, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore MD
| | - Caroline F Pratz
- Victoria J. Sinibaldi and Caroline F. Pratz, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; and Olga Yankulina, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore MD
| | - Olga Yankulina
- Victoria J. Sinibaldi and Caroline F. Pratz, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; and Olga Yankulina, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore MD
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Cabozantinib for the Management of Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2018; 5:1-5. [PMID: 30319937 PMCID: PMC6175852 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of various solid-organ tumours. It was recently approved as a first- and second-line therapeutic for the management of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma based on the results of two randomised controlled trials. The phase III METEOR trial compared cabozantinib against everolimus as a second- or greater line therapy and found benefits in progression-free and overall survival, and the phase II CABOSUN trial compared cabozantinib against sunitinib as a first-line therapeutic and found benefits in terms of progression-free survival. This review briefly summarises how cabozantinib fits into current treatment paradigms for the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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Lyseng-Williamson KA. Cabozantinib as first-line treatment in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2018; 34:457-465. [PMID: 30679901 PMCID: PMC6323107 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-018-0547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral cabozantinib tablets (Cabometyx®) are an important option for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cabozantinib is an anti-angiogenic agent and potently inhibits multiple tyrosine kinases, including those implicated in the development of RCC. The previously approved indication of cabozantinib tablets (i.e. treatment of advanced RCC following prior VEGF-targeted therapy) has been extended to include the first-line treatment of advanced RCC in treatment-naïve adults with intermediate or poor risk (EU) and all patients with advanced RCC (USA). These label extensions are based on the results of a randomized, open-label phase 2 trial, in which adults with metastatic RCC of poor or intermediate risk received targeted first-line treatment with cabozantinib or standard-of-care sunitinib. Relative to sunitinib, cabozantinib significantly prolonged median progression-free survival (primary endpoint; investigator and independent assessments), and increased the objective response rate (investigator assessment). The tolerability profile of cabozantinib is comparable to those of other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with adverse events being manageable with medical intervention, dosage reductions, treatment interruption and/or permanent discontinuation.
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