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López-Riego M, Płódowska M, Lis-Zajęcka M, Jeziorska K, Tetela S, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Sobota D, Braziewicz J, Lundholm L, Lisowska H, Wojcik A. The DNA damage response to radiological imaging: from ROS and γH2AX foci induction to gene expression responses in vivo. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4. [PMID: 37335333 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Candidate ionising radiation exposure biomarkers must be validated in humans exposed in vivo. Blood from patients undergoing positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and skeletal scintigraphy (scintigraphy) was drawn before (0 h) and after (2 h) the procedure for correlation analyses of the response of selected biomarkers with radiation dose and other available patient information. FDXR, CDKN1A, BBC3, GADD45A, XPC, and MDM2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, DNA damage (γH2AX) by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry using the 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For ROS experiments, 0- and 2-h samples were additionally exposed to UVA to determine whether diagnostic irradiation conditioned the response to further oxidative insult. With some exceptions, radiological imaging induced weak γH2AX foci, ROS and gene expression fold changes, the latter with good coherence across genes within a patient. Diagnostic imaging did not influence oxidative stress in PBMC successively exposed to UVA. Correlation analyses with patient characteristics led to low correlation coefficient values. γH2AX fold change, which correlated positively with gene expression, presented a weak positive correlation with injected activity, indicating a radiation-induced subtle increase in DNA damage and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response pathway. The exposure discrimination potential of these biomarkers in the absence of control samples as frequently demanded in radiological emergencies, was assessed using raw data. These results suggest that the variability of the response in heterogeneous populations might complicate identifying individuals exposed to low radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milena Lis-Zajęcka
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Jeziorska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tetela
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Braziewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine With Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Unit, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Sangsuwan T, Mannervik M, Haghdoost S. Transgenerational effects of gamma radiation dose and dose rate on Drosophila flies irradiated at an early embryonal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503523. [PMID: 36031335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) kills cells mainly through induction of DNA damages and the surviving cells may suffer from mutations. Transgenerational effects of IR are well documented, but the exact mechanisms underlying them are less well understood; they include induction of mutations in germ cells and epigenetic inheritance. Previously, effects in the offspring of mice and zebrafish exposed to IR have been reported. A few studies also showed indications of transgenerational effects of radiation in humans, particularly in nuclear power workers. In the present project, short- and long-term effects of low-dose-rate (LDR; 50 and 97 mGy/h) and high-dose-rate (HDR; 23.4, 47.1 and 495 Gy/h) IR in Drosophila embryos were investigated. The embryos were irradiated at different doses and dose rates and radiosensitivity at different developmental stages was investigated. Also, the survival of larvae, pupae and adults developed from embryos irradiated at an early stage (30 min after egg laying) were studied. The larval crawling and pupation height assays were applied to investigate radiation effects on larval locomotion and pupation behavior, respectively. In parallel, the offspring from 3 Gy irradiated early-stage embryos were followed up to 12 generations and abnormal phenotypes were studied. Acute exposure of embryos at different stages of development showed that the early stage embryo is the most sensitive. The effects on larval locomotion showed no significant differences between the dose rates but a significant decrease of locomotion activity above 7 Gy was observed. The results indicate that embryos exposed to the low dose rates have shorter eclosion times. At the same cumulative dose (1 up to 7 Gy), HDR is more embryotoxic than LDR. We also found a radiation-induced depigmentation on males (A5 segment of the dorsal abdomen, A5pig-) that can be transmitted up to 12 generations. The phenomenon does not follow the classical Mendelian laws of segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traimate Sangsuwan
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Mannervik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Caen Normandy, Cimap-Aria, Ganil, and Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Caen, France.
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3
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Babini G, Baiocco G, Barbieri S, Morini J, Sangsuwan T, Haghdoost S, Yentrapalli R, Azimzadeh O, Rombouts C, Aerts A, Quintens R, Ebrahimian T, Benotmane MA, Ramadan R, Baatout S, Tapio S, Harms-Ringdahl M, Ottolenghi A. A systems radiation biology approach to unravel the role of chronic low-dose-rate gamma-irradiation in inducing premature senescence in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265281. [PMID: 35286349 PMCID: PMC8920222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the effects of chronic low-dose-rate gamma-radiation at a multi-scale level. The specific objective was to obtain an overall view of the endothelial cell response, by integrating previously published data on different cellular endpoints and highlighting possible different mechanisms underpinning radiation-induced senescence. Materials and methods Different datasets were collected regarding experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) which were chronically exposed to low dose rates (0, 1.4, 2.1 and 4.1 mGy/h) of gamma-rays until cell replication was arrested. Such exposed cells were analyzed for different complementary endpoints at distinct time points (up to several weeks), investigating cellular functions such as proliferation, senescence and angiogenic properties, as well as using transcriptomics and proteomics profiling. A mathematical model was proposed to describe proliferation and senescence. Results Simultaneous ceasing of cell proliferation and senescence onset as a function of time were well reproduced by the logistic growth curve, conveying shared equilibria between the two endpoints. The combination of all the different endpoints investigated highlighted a dose-dependence for prematurely induced senescence. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms appeared to be dissimilar for the different dose rates, thus suggesting a more complex scenario. Conclusions This study was conducted integrating different datasets, focusing on their temporal dynamics, and using a systems biology approach. Results of our analysis highlight that different dose rates have different effects in inducing premature senescence, and that the total cumulative absorbed dose also plays an important role in accelerating endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sofia Barbieri
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Morini
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Traimate Sangsuwan
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- ARIA Laboratory, University of Caen Normandy, CIMAP-GANIL, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Ramesh Yentrapalli
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen—German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen—German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rombouts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
| | - Teni Ebrahimian
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et RadioToxicologie expérimentale, Service de recherche des effets biologiques et sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants, Pôle santé, F-92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Raghda Ramadan
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Boeretang, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen—German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cytoskeleton Response to Ionizing Radiation: A Brief Review on Adhesion and Migration Effects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091102. [PMID: 34572287 PMCID: PMC8465203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is involved in several biological processes, including adhesion, motility, and intracellular transport. Alterations in the cytoskeletal components (actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) are strictly correlated to several diseases, such as cancer. Furthermore, alterations in the cytoskeletal structure can lead to anomalies in cells’ properties and increase their invasiveness. This review aims to analyse several studies which have examined the alteration of the cell cytoskeleton induced by ionizing radiations. In particular, the radiation effects on the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and migration have been considered to gain a deeper knowledge of the biophysical properties of the cell. In fact, the results found in the analysed works can not only aid in developing new diagnostic tools but also improve the current cancer treatments.
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D'Auria Vieira de Godoy PR, Nakamura A, Khavari AP, Sangsuwan T, Haghdoost S. Effect of dose and dose rate of gamma irradiation on the formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells isolated from whole-body-irradiated mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:422-427. [PMID: 34296472 DOI: 10.1002/em.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the cytotoxicity and mutagenic effects of high dose rate (HDR) ionizing radiation (IR) are increased by increasing the dose but less is known about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR). In vitro, we have shown that in addition to the immediate interaction of IR with DNA (the direct and indirect effects), low doses and chronic LDR exposure induce endogenous oxidative stress. During elevated oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) react with DNA modifying its structure. Here, BL6 mice were exposed to IR at LDR and HDR and were then sacrificed 3 hours and 3 weeks after exposure to examine early and late effects of IR. The levels of micronuclei, MN, were determined in bone marrow cells. Our data indicate that the effects of 200 mGy on MN-induction are transient, but 500 and 1000 mGy (both HDR and LDR) lead to increased levels of MN up to 3 weeks after the exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Traimate Sangsuwan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, ARIA-CIMAP Laboratory, Campus Jules Horowitz, Caen, France
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Zhang L, Misiara L, Samaranayake GJ, Sharma N, Nguyen DM, Tahara YK, Kool ET, Rai P. OGG1 co-inhibition antagonizes the tumor-inhibitory effects of targeting MTH1. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101848. [PMID: 33450725 PMCID: PMC7810763 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells develop protective adaptations against oxidative DNA damage, providing a strong rationale for targeting DNA repair proteins. There has been a high degree of recent interest in inhibiting the mammalian Nudix pyrophosphatase MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1). MTH1 degrades 8-oxo-dGTP, thus limiting its incorporation into genomic DNA. MTH1 inhibition has variously been shown to induce genomic 8-oxo-dG elevation, genotoxic strand breaks in p53-functional cells, and tumor-inhibitory outcomes. Genomically incorporated 8-oxo-dG is excised by the base excision repair enzyme, 8-oxo-dG glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Thus, OGG1 inhibitors have been developed with the idea that their combination with MTH1 inhibitors will have anti-tumor effects by increasing genomic oxidative DNA damage. However, contradictory to this idea, we found that human lung adenocarcinoma with low OGG1 and MTH1 were robustly represented in patient datasets. Furthermore, OGG1 co-depletion mitigated the extent of DNA strand breaks and cellular senescence in MTH1-depleted p53-wildtype lung adenocarcinoma cells. Similarly, shMTH1-transduced cells were less sensitive to the OGG1 inhibitor, SU0268, than shGFP-transduced counterparts. Although the dual OGG1/MTH1 inhibitor, SU0383, induced greater cytotoxicity than equivalent combined or single doses of its parent scaffold MTH1 and OGG1 inhibitors, IACS-4759 and SU0268, this effect was only observed at the highest concentration assessed. Collectively, using both genetic depletion as well as small molecule inhibitors, our findings suggest that OGG1/MTH1 co-inhibition is unlikely to yield significant tumor-suppressive benefit. Instead such co-inhibition may exert tumor-protective effects by preventing base excision repair-induced DNA nicks and p53 induction, thus potentially conferring a survival advantage to the treated tumors. Low MTH1/low OGG1 tumors are robustly represented in patient lung adenocarcinoma datasets but low MTH1/high OGG1 are not. Co-depletion of OGG1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells mitigates shMTH1-induced DNA strand breaks and p53-induced senescence. p53-null tumor cells have lower OGG1 vs. wt p53 counterparts and are more resistant to MTH1 loss-induced anti-tumor effects. Pharmacologic co-inhibition of OGG1 and MTH1 does not enhance cytotoxicity over the respective single inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura Misiara
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Govindi J Samaranayake
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nisha Sharma
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yu-Ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Godoy PRDV, Pour Khavari A, Rizzo M, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Haghdoost S. Targeting NRF2, Regulator of Antioxidant System, to Sensitize Glioblastoma Neurosphere Cells to Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2534643. [PMID: 32617133 PMCID: PMC7315280 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2534643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are enriched in neurospheres, may be connected to the radioresistance of glioblastoma (GBM) due to their enhanced antioxidant defense and elevated DNA repair capacity. The aim was to evaluate the responses to different radiation qualities and to reduce radioresistance of U87MG cells, a GBM cell line. U87MG cells were cultured in a 3D model and irradiated with low (24 mGy/h) and high (0.39 Gy/min) dose rates of low LET gamma and high LET carbon ions (1-2 Gy/min). Thereafter, expression of proteins related to oxidative stress response, extracellular 8-oxo-dG, and neurospheres were determined. LD50 for carbon ions was significantly lower compared to LD50 of high and low dose rate gamma radiation. A significantly higher level of 8-oxo-dG was detected in the media of cells exposed to a low dose rate as compared to a high dose rate of gamma or carbon ions. A downregulation of oxidative stress proteins was also observed (NRF2, hMTH1, and SOD1). The NRF2 gene was knocked down by CRISPR/Cas9 in neurosphere cells, resulting in less self-renewal, more differentiated cells, and less proliferation capacity after irradiation with low and high dose rate gamma rays. Overall, U87MG glioma neurospheres presented differential responses to distinct radiation qualities and NRF2 plays an important role in cellular sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. D. V. Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marzia Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip Code: 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, Zip Code: 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/LARIA team, Zip Code: 14076 Caen, France
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Zip Code: 14000 Caen, France
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Effects of Tomato Juice Intake on Salivary 8-Oxo-dG Levels as Oxidative Stress Biomarker after Extensive Physical Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8948723. [PMID: 32377311 PMCID: PMC7193759 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8948723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a normal level are important molecules involved in several cellular processes including immune response and cell signalling. Overproduction of ROS may lead to elevated oxidative stress and consequently to age-related diseases. Most of the studies related to oxidative stress in humans have been done on blood samples. However, blood sampling might be painful, requires special qualified personnel, and has to be performed at medical centers. An alternative to blood is saliva. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and can be performed by the donor. Biomarker determination in saliva is becoming an important part of laboratory diagnosis, but method development is needed before it can be used in the clinics. In the present investigation, 16 donors performed extensive physical exercise by cycling and keeping their heart rate at 80% of maximum for 20 minutes. The physical activity was repeated 3 times: before tomato juice intake, after daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice during 3 weeks, and finally 3 weeks after finishing tomato juice intake (washout period). The level of the stress biomarker, salivary 8-oxo-dG, was determined before and after the physical activity. The results indicate that (a) 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of 8-oxo-dG in saliva significantly (p = 0.0078) and (b) daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice may inhibit (p = 0.052) overproduction of salivary 8-oxo-dG by 20 min physical activity. We conclude that the 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of salivary 8-oxo-dG in healthy donors and 100 ml daily intake of tomato juice may inhibit the increase of 8-oxo-dG in saliva.
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Badr G, El-Reda GA, El-Gamal H, Farid MEA. Exposure to radioactive rocks from the Egyptian eastern desert attenuates the efficiency of the immune organs and induces apoptosis of blood lymphocytes in rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8684-8695. [PMID: 31904099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation emitted from natural sources induces many health hazards. The response to ionizing radiation involves a number of mediators including inflammatory cytokines and free radicals which mediate immunosuppression. The present study aimed to monitor the impact of exposure to natural radioactive rocks from the Egyptian eastern desert on the primary immune organs. Therefore, three experimental groups (15 rats per group) were used: group I included the control non-irradiated rats; group II included rats that were exposed for 28 consecutive days to natural radioactive rocks from the Egyptian eastern desert (IR/R group); and group III (positive control group) included rats that were exposed to high dose of γ-rays (4 Gy/14 days for 28 days) (IR/γR group). We found that rats of both the IR/R and IR/γR groups exhibited pathological alterations in the architecture of the primary immune organs (bone marrow and thymus). Additionally, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly increased in the IR/R and IR/γR groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, rats from the IR/R and IR/γR groups exhibited significant increase in the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and subsequently exhibited a significant increase in the apoptosis of PBMCs compared with the control group. Most importantly, apoptosis induction in the PBMCs was associated with increased expression of cyclin B1 and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and survivin compared with the control non-irradiated group. Taken together, our data demonstrated that consecutive exposure to natural radioactive rocks from the Egyptian eastern desert could dampen the immune response through damaging the architectures of the immune system and mediating serious health problems to the population inhabiting this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Abd El-Reda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Hany El-Gamal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Quantification of DNA Double Strand Breaks and Oxidation Response in Children and Adults Undergoing Dental CBCT Scan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2113. [PMID: 32034200 PMCID: PMC7005754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the possible biological effects of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the prime challenges in radiation protection, especially in medical imaging. Today, radiobiological data on cone beam CT (CBCT) related biological effects are scarce. In children and adults, the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosa cells and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and antioxidant capacity in saliva samples after CBCT examination were examined. No DNA DSBs induction was observed in children nor adults. In children only, an increase in 8-oxo-dG levels was observed 30 minutes after CBCT. At the same time an increase in antioxidant capacity was observed in children, whereas a decrease was observed in adults. Our data indicate that children and adults react differently to IR doses associated with CBCT. Fully understanding these differences could lead to an optimal use of CBCT in different age categories as well as improved radiation protection guidelines.
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Fang L, Li J, Li W, Mao X, Ma Y, Hou D, Zhu W, Jia X, Qiao J. Assessment of Genomic Instability in Medical Workers Exposed to Chronic Low-Dose X-Rays in Northern China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819891378. [PMID: 31819742 PMCID: PMC6883363 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819891378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical diagnosis and treatment
has caused considerable concern regarding the effects of occupational exposure
on human health. Despite this concern, little information is available regarding
possible effects and the mechanism behind chronic low-dose irradiation. The
present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers occupationally
exposed to low-dose X-rays. A variety of analyses were conducted, including
assessing the level of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CA) as well as
cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, gene expression profiling, and
antioxidant level determination. Here, we report that the level of DNA damage,
CA, and CBMN were all significantly increased. Moreover, the gene expression and
antioxidant activities were changed in the peripheral blood of men exposed to
low-dose X-rays. Collectively, our findings indicated a strong correlation
between genomic instability and duration of low-dose IR exposure. Our data also
revealed the DNA damage repair and antioxidative mechanisms which could result
in the observed genomic instability in health-care workers exposed to chronic
low-dose IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Fang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Mao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dianjun Hou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Qiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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12
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Presence of Stromal Cells Enhances Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Induction in Lung Bronchial Epithelium after Protracted Exposure to Oxidative Stress of Gamma Radiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4120379. [PMID: 31583039 PMCID: PMC6754954 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4120379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of a microenvironment in the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a sign of early stages of carcinogenesis in human lung epithelial cell lines after protracted low-dose rate γ-radiation exposures. BEAS-2B and HBEC-3KT lung cell lines were irradiated with low-dose rate γ-rays (137Cs, 1.4 or 14 mGy/h) to 0.1 or 1 Gy with or without adding TGF-β. TGF-β-treated samples were applied as positive EMT controls and tested in parallel to find out if the radiation has a potentiating effect on the EMT induction. To evaluate the effect of the stromal component, the epithelial cells were irradiated in cocultures with stromal MRC-9 lung fibroblasts. On day 3 post treatment, the EMT markers: α-SMA, vimentin, fibronectin, and E-cadherin, were analyzed. The oxidative stress levels were evaluated by 8-oxo-dG analysis in both epithelial and fibroblast cells. The protracted exposure to low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation at the total absorbed dose of 1 Gy was able to induce changes suggestive of EMT. The results show that the presence of the stromal component and its signaling (TGF-β) in the cocultures enhances the EMT. Radiation had a minor cumulative effect on the TGF-β-induced EMT with both doses. The oxidative stress levels were higher than the background in both epithelial and stromal cells post chronic irradiation (0.1 and 1 Gy); as for the BEAS-2B cell line, the increase was statistically significant. We suggest that the induction of EMT in bronchial epithelial cells by radiation requires more than single acute exposure and the presence of stromal component might enhance the effect through free radical production and accumulation.
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13
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Belmans N, Gilles L, Virag P, Hedesiu M, Salmon B, Baatout S, Lucas S, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Moreels M. Method validation to assess in vivo cellular and subcellular changes in buccal mucosa cells and saliva following CBCT examinations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180428. [PMID: 30912976 PMCID: PMC6747439 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique used in dental medicine. However, there are no conclusive data available indicating that exposure to X-ray doses used by CBCT are harmless. We aim, for the first time, to characterize the potential age-dependent cellular and subcellular effects related to exposure to CBCT imaging. Current objective is to describe and validate the protocol for characterization of cellular and subcellular changes after diagnostic CBCT. METHODS Development and validation of a dedicated two-part protocol: 1) assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosal (BM) cells and 2) oxidative stress measurements in saliva samples. BM cells and saliva samples are collected prior to and 0.5 h after CBCT examination. BM cells are also collected 24 h after CBCT examination. DNA DSBs are monitored in BM cells via immunocytochemical staining for γH2AX and 53BP1. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and total antioxidant capacity are measured in saliva to assess oxidative damage. RESULTS Validation experiments show that sufficient BM cells are collected (97.1 ± 1.4 %) and that γH2AX/53BP1 foci can be detected before and after CBCT examination. Collection and analysis of saliva samples, either sham exposed or exposed to IR, show that changes in 8-oxo-dG and total antioxidant capacity can be detected in saliva samples after CBCT examination. CONCLUSION The DIMITRA Research Group presents a two-part protocol to analyze potential age-related biological differences following CBCT examinations. This protocol was validated for collecting BM cells and saliva and for analyzing these samples for DNA DSBs and oxidative stress markers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liese Gilles
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Piroska Virag
- ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Department of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine, Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- University of Namur, Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Radiobiology Unit, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
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14
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Prevost V, Sichel F, Pottier I, Leduc A, Lagadu S, Laurent C. Production of early and late nuclear DNA damage and extracellular 8-oxodG in normal human skin fibroblasts after carbon ion irradiation compared to X-rays. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:116-121. [PMID: 29879454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prevost
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U 1086, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France; CLCC François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France
| | - François Sichel
- CLCC François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ivannah Pottier
- CLCC François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Leduc
- SAPHYN (ARCHADE Program), 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France
| | - Stéphanie Lagadu
- CLCC François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Carine Laurent
- CLCC François Baclesse, 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France; SAPHYN (ARCHADE Program), 3 avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France.
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15
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Antioxidant potential and hypolipidemic effect of whey protein against gamma irradiation induced damages in rats. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:103-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li J, Yao ZY, She C, Li J, Ten B, Liu C, Lin SB, Dong QR, Ren PG. Effects of low-dose X-ray irradiation on activated macrophages and their possible signal pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185854. [PMID: 29077718 PMCID: PMC5659615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose irradiation (LDI) has been used in clinics to treat human diseases, including chronic inflammation. This study assessed the effects of LDI on the inflammatory response of activated mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, and the underlying signal pathways. Primary peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice and then incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-coated Ti microparticles (Ti-positive control) with or without brief exposure to LDI (X-ray, 0.5 Gy) 1 h later (Ti-LDI group) or left untreated in culture medium (Ti-negative control). The macrophages were then subjected to qRT-PCR, Western blot, cell viability CCK-8 assay, and ELISA. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the Ti-LDI group expressed significantly lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA than those of the Ti-positive control group, while the ELISA data showed that Ti-LDI group had significantly lower secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins. The most significant reduction associated with LDI was the secretion TNF-α protein, which barely increased from 13 to 25 h after treatment. Western blot data demonstrated that phosphorylation of p65 and ERK was much lower in the Ti-LDI group than in the controls. The data from the current study suggests that LDI of activated mouse macrophages was associated with significantly lower inflammation responses, compared with non-exposed activated macrophages, which was possibly through inhibition of the NF-κB and ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen-yu Yao
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang She
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Ten
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-bin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Rong Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (QRD); (PGR)
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (QRD); (PGR)
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Shakeri Manesh S, Sangsuwan T, Pour Khavari A, Fotouhi A, Emami SN, Haghdoost S. MTH1, an 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphatase, and MYH, a DNA glycosylase, cooperate to inhibit mutations induced by chronic exposure to oxidative stress of ionising radiation. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:389-396. [PMID: 28340109 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous results showed that in addition to the immediate interaction of ionising radiation with DNA (direct and indirect effect), low-dose and chronic low-dose rate of irradiation induce endogenous oxidative stress. During oxidative stress, free radicals react with DNA, nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), proteins and lipids, and modify their structures. The MYH and MTH1 genes play important roles in preventing mutations induced by 8-hydroxy-guanine, which is an oxidised product of guanine. In this study, we used short-hairpin RNA to permanently knockdown MYH and MTH1 proteins in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Knockdown and wild-type cells were chronically exposed to low dose rates of γ-radiation (between 1.4 and 30 mGy/h). The cells were also subjected to acute doses delivered at a high-dose rate. Growth rate, extracellular 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, clonogenic cell survival and mutant frequencies were analysed in all cell types. A reduced level of cell growth and survival as well as increased mutant frequencies were observed in cells lacking both MYH and MTH1 proteins as compared to cells lacking only MYH and wild-type cells. To sum up, our results suggest that low-dose rates elevate oxidative stress. MTH1 together with MYH plays an important role in protection against mutations induced by modified dNTPs during chronic oxidative stress. In addition, we found no dose-rate effect at the level of mutations in the wild-type TK6 and MYH-KD cells. Our data interestingly indicate a dose-rate threshold for mutation induction in MTH1/MYH double knockdown cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakeri Manesh
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Traimate Sangsuwan
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Pour Khavari
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asal Fotouhi
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Noushin Emami
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Nakamura A, Itaki C, Saito A, Yonezawa T, Aizawa K, Hirai A, Suganuma H, Miura T, Mariya Y, Haghdoost S. Possible benefits of tomato juice consumption: a pilot study on irradiated human lymphocytes from healthy donors. Nutr J 2017; 16:27. [PMID: 28494764 PMCID: PMC5427617 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate much of the DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Among carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene, present in tomato juice, are known to be strong radical scavengers. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tomato juice intake on the levels of DNA damage and oxidative stress in human whole blood induced by in vitro exposure to X-rays. Methods Ten healthy adults were asked to drink 190 g of tomato juice, containing 17 mg lycopene and 0.25 mg β-carotene, per day for 3 weeks and then refrain from drinking it for 3 weeks. Peripheral whole blood samples were collected before and after the intake period of tomato juice and after the washout period. The blood samples were exposed in vitro to X-ray doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 2 Gy. Cytogenetic damage was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and the dicentrics (DIC) assay. The level of oxidative stress was determined using serum 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and plasma reactive oxygen metabolite-derived compounds (d-ROMs). The concentration of carotenoids in plasma was measured at the three time points. Results The levels of 8-oxo-dG tended to decrease during the intake period and increase during the washout period. A non-significant inverse correlation was noted between the plasma concentration of lycopene plus β-carotene and the level of 8-oxo-dG (P = 0.064). The radiation-induced MN and DIC frequencies increased in a dose-dependent manner, and when compared at the same dose, the MN and DIC frequencies decreased during the intake period compared with those at baseline and then increased during the washout period. The results suggest that continuous tomato juice consumption non-significantly decreases extracellular 8-oxo-dG, d-ROMs, and MN. Tomato juice intake had minimal or no effect on radiation-induced 8-oxo-dG and d-ROMs. For most radiation doses, continuously tomato juice intake lowered the levels of MN and DIC. Conclusion Tomato juice consumption may suppress human lymphocyte DNA damage caused by radiation, but further examination is required. Trial registration 2014-001 and 2014-R06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Chieko Itaki
- Department of Disability and Health, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ayako Saito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki Central Hospital, Aomori, 036-8188, Japan
| | - Toko Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki Central Hospital, Aomori, 036-8188, Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, 329-2762, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirai
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, 329-2762, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, 329-2762, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mariya
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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19
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Evans MD, Mistry V, Singh R, Gackowski D, Różalski R, Siomek-Gorecka A, Phillips DH, Zuo J, Mullenders L, Pines A, Nakabeppu Y, Sakumi K, Sekiguchi M, Tsuzuki T, Bignami M, Oliński R, Cooke MS. Nucleotide excision repair of oxidised genomic DNA is not a source of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:385-391. [PMID: 27585947 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is a widely measured biomarker of oxidative stress. It has been commonly assumed to be a product of DNA repair, and therefore reflective of DNA oxidation. However, the source of urinary 8-oxodGuo is not understood, although potential confounding contributions from cell turnover and diet have been ruled out. Clearly it is critical to understand the precise biological origins of this important biomarker, so that the target molecule that is oxidised can be identified, and the significance of its excretion can be interpreted fully. In the present study we aimed to assess the contributions of nucleotide excision repair (NER), by both the global genome NER (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) pathways, and sanitisation of the dGTP pool (e.g. via the activity of the MTH1 protein), on the production of 8-oxodGuo, using selected genetically-modified mice. In xeroderma pigmentosum A (XPA) mice, in which GG-NER and TC-NER are both defective, the urinary 8-oxodGuo data were unequivocal in ruling out a contribution from NER. In line with the XPA data, the production of urinary 8-oxodGuo was not affected in the xeroderma pigmentosum C mice, specifically excluding a role of the GG-NER pathway. The bulk of the literature supports the mechanism that the NER proteins are responsible for removing damage to the transcribed strand of DNA via TC-NER, and on this basis we also examined Cockayne Syndrome mice, which have a functional loss of TC-NER. These mice showed no difference in urinary 8-oxodGuo excretion, compared to wild type, demonstrating that TC-NER does not contribute to urinary 8-oxodGuo levels. These findings call into question whether genomic DNA is the primary source of urinary 8-oxodGuo, which would largely exclude it as a biomarker of DNA oxidation. The urinary 8-oxodGuo levels from the MTH1 mice (both knock-out and hMTH1-Tg) were not significantly different to the wild-type mice. We suggest that these findings are due to redundancy in the process, and that other enzymes substitute for the lack of MTH1, however the present study cannot determine whether or not the 2'-deoxyribonucleotide pool is the source of urinary 8-oxodGuo. On the basis of the above, urinary 8-oxodGuo is most accurately defined as a non-invasive biomarker of oxidative stress, derived from oxidatively generated damage to 2'-deoxyguanosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Evans
- Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Vilas Mistry
- Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Gackowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Rafał Różalski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Gorecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - David H Phillips
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zuo
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alex Pines
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ryszard Oliński
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
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She C, Shi GL, Xu W, Zhou XZ, Li J, Tian Y, Li J, Li WH, Dong QR, Ren PG. Effect of low-dose X-ray irradiation and Ti particles on the osseointegration of prosthetic. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1688-1696. [PMID: 26826053 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose irradiation (LDI) exhibits a positive effect on osteoblasts and inhibitory effect of inflammation. Here, we test the hypothesis that LDI can promote osseointegration and inhibit the inflammatory membrane formation in the presence of titanium (Ti) particles. Endotoxin-free titanium particles were injected into rabbit, prior to the insertion of a Ti6-Al-4-V sticks pre-coated with hydroxyapatite. Two days after operation, both distal femurs of the animal were exposed to 0.5 Gy X-ray irradiation. All ani-mals were euthanized 8 weeks after the operation. The PINP concentration was determined at day 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation. Trabecular morphology around the implants 8 weeks after operation was assessed using micro-CT, then the maximum push out force of simples was assessed using biomechanics test. Five samples in each group were chosen for bone histomorphology study without decalcification 8 weeks after operation. The results confirmed that the LDI can significantly improve ingrowth of bone into the prosthetic interface and stability of the prosthesis when there was no wear particles. Although promotion effects for bone formation induced by LDI can be counteracted by wear particles, LDI can significantly inhibit the interface membrane formation around the implant induced by wear particles. Based on these results, we conclude that LDI may be useful for enhancing the stability of prosthesis when there are no wear particles and for inhibiting the interface membrane formation during the early stage of aseptic loosening in the presence of wear particles. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1688-1696, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang She
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Gao-Long Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soo-chow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hao Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi-Rong Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Department of Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China.
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Weiler M, Schmetzer H, Braeu M, Buhmann R. Inhibitory effect of extracellular purine nucleotide and nucleoside concentrations on T cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:1-14. [PMID: 27233214 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The release of nucleic acids and derivatives after tissue-injury may affect cellular immune-response. We studied the impact of extracellular ribo-, desoxyribonucleotides and nucleosides on T-cell immunity. Peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) or isolated CD3+T-cells obtained from 6 healthy donors were stimulated via CD3/CD28 Dynabeads or dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence or absence of pyrimidine-, purine-nucleotides and -nucleosides (range 2-200µM). Addition of deoxy-, guanosine-triphosphate (dGTP, GTP) and guanosine resulted concentration dependent in a complete, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in a partial inhibition of the induced T-cell-proliferation. Deoxyadenosine-triphosphate (dATP), adenosine and the pyrimidine-ribo- and -deoxyribonucleotides displayed no inhibitory capacity. Inhibitory effects of dGTP and GTP, but not of guanosine and ATP were culture-media-dependent and could be almost abrogated by use of the serum-free lymphocyte-culture-media X-Vivo15 instead of RPMI1640 with standard-supplementation. In contrast to RPMI1640, X-Vivo15 resulted in a significant down-regulation of the cell-surface-located ectonucleotidases CD39 (Ecto-Apyrase) and CD73 (Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase), critical for the extracellular nucleotides-hydrolysis to nucleosides, explaining the loss of inhibition mediated by dGTP and GTP, but not Guanosine. In line with previous findings ATP was found to exert immunosuppressive effects on T-cell-proliferation. Purine-nucleotides, dGTP and GTP displayed a higher inhibitory capacity, but seem to be strictly dependent on the microenvironmental conditions modulating the responsiveness of the respective T-lymphocytes. Further evaluation of experimental and respective clinical settings should anticipate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Weiler
- Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Braeu
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Raymund Buhmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Hauptmann M, Haghdoost S, Gomolka M, Sarioglu H, Ueffing M, Dietz A, Kulka U, Unger K, Babini G, Harms-Ringdahl M, Ottolenghi A, Hornhardt S. Differential Response and Priming Dose Effect on the Proteome of Human Fibroblast and Stem Cells Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2016; 185:299-312. [PMID: 26934482 DOI: 10.1667/rr14226.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a mechanistic understanding of the cellular responses to low dose and dose rate may be valuable in reducing some of the uncertainties involved in current risk estimates for cancer- and non-cancer-related radiation effects that are inherited in the linear no-threshold hypothesis. In this study, the effects of low-dose radiation on the proteome in both human fibroblasts and stem cells were investigated. Particular emphasis was placed on examining: 1. the dose-response relationships for the differential expression of proteins in the low-dose range (40-140 mGy) of low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation; and 2. the effect on differential expression of proteins of a priming dose given prior to a challenge dose (adaptive response effects). These studies were performed on cultured human fibroblasts (VH10) and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). The results from the VH10 cell experiments demonstrated that low-doses of low-LET radiation induced unique patterns of differentially expressed proteins for each dose investigated. In addition, a low priming radiation dose significantly changed the protein expression induced by the subsequent challenge exposure. In the ADSC the number of differentially expressed proteins was markedly less compared to VH10 cells, indicating that ADSC differ in their intrinsic response to low doses of radiation. The proteomic results are further discussed in terms of possible pathways influenced by low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hauptmann
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Gomolka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- b Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Protein Science, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Dietz
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- d Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany; and
| | | | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- c Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Hornhardt
- a Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Fujita M, Imadome K, Shoji Y, Isozaki T, Endo S, Yamada S, Imai T. Carbon-Ion Irradiation Suppresses Migration and Invasiveness of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells MIAPaCa-2 via Rac1 and RhoA Degradation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:173-80. [PMID: 26279033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion by carbon (C)-ion irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human pancreatic cancer cells MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3 were treated by x-ray (4 Gy) or C-ion (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy) irradiation, and their migration and invasion were assessed 2 days later. The levels of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound Rac1 and RhoA were determined by the active GTPase pull-down assay with or without a proteasome inhibitor, and the binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase to GTP-bound Rac1 was examined by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Carbon-ion irradiation reduced the levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and RhoA, 2 major regulators of cell motility, in MIAPaCa-2 cells and GTP-bound Rac1 in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Proteasome inhibition reversed the effect, indicating that C-ion irradiation induced Rac1 and RhoA degradation via the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway. E3 Ub ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), which directly targets Rac1, was selectively induced in C-ion--irradiated MIAPaCa-2 cells and coprecipitated with GTP-bound Rac1 in C-ion--irradiated cells, which was associated with Rac1 ubiquitination. Cell migration and invasion reduced by C-ion radiation were restored by short interfering RNA--mediated XIAP knockdown, indicating that XIAP is involved in C-ion--induced inhibition of cell motility. CONCLUSION In contrast to x-ray irradiation, C-ion treatment inhibited the activity of Rac1 and RhoA in MIAPaCa-2 cells and Rac1 in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells via Ub-mediated proteasomal degradation, thereby blocking the motility of these pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Fujita
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Imadome
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Isozaki
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Skiöld S, Azimzadeh O, Merl-Pham J, Naslund I, Wersall P, Lidbrink E, Tapio S, Harms-Ringdahl M, Haghdoost S. Unique proteomic signature for radiation sensitive patients; a comparative study between normo-sensitive and radiation sensitive breast cancer patients. Mutat Res 2015; 776:128-135. [PMID: 26255944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms behind normal tissue sensitivity is essential in order to minimize adverse side effects and yet to prevent local cancer reoccurrence. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of radiation sensitivity to enable personalized cancer treatment. To investigate the mechanisms behind radiation sensitivity a pilot study was made where eight radiation-sensitive and nine normo-sensitive patients were selected from a cohort of 2914 breast cancer patients, based on acute tissue reactions after radiation therapy. Whole blood was sampled and irradiated in vitro with 0, 1, or 150 mGy followed by 3 h incubation at 37°C. The leukocytes of the two groups were isolated, pooled and protein expression profiles were investigated using isotope-coded protein labeling method (ICPL). First, leukocytes from the in vitro irradiated whole blood from normo-sensitive and extremely sensitive patients were compared to the non-irradiated controls. To validate this first study a second ICPL analysis comparing only the non-irradiated samples was conducted. Both approaches showed unique proteomic signatures separating the two groups at the basal level and after doses of 1 and 150 mGy. Pathway analyses of both proteomic approaches suggest that oxidative stress response, coagulation properties and acute phase response are hallmarks of radiation sensitivity supporting our previous study on oxidative stress response. This investigation provides unique characteristics of radiation sensitivity essential for individualized radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Skiöld
- Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wernner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingemar Naslund
- Division of Radiotherapy, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wersall
- Division of Radiotherapy, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Lidbrink
- Division of Radiotherapy, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wernner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Center for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wernner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Danielsson D, Brehwens K, Halle M, Marczyk M, Sollazzo A, Polanska J, Munck-Wikland E, Wojcik A, Haghdoost S. Influence of genetic background and oxidative stress response on risk of mandibular osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2015; 38:387-93. [PMID: 25352150 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a severe complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT) treatment, where the impact of individual radiosensitivity has been a suggested explanation. METHODS A cohort of patients with stage II/III ORN was compared to matched controls. Blood was collected and irradiated in vitro to study the capacity to handle radiation-induced oxidative stress. Patients were also genotyped for 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the oxidative stress response. RESULTS A difference in 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels was found between the patient cohorts (p = 0.01). The SNP rs1695 in glutathione s-transferase p1 (GSTP1) was also found to be more frequent in the patients with ORN (p = .02). Multivariate analysis of the clinical and biological factors revealed concomitant brachytherapy plus the 2 biomarkers to be significant factors which influense risk of mandibular osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. CONCLUSION The current study indicates that oxidative stress response contributes to individual radiosensitivity and healthy tissue damage caused by RT and may be predicted by biomarker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Danielsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Brehwens
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michal Marczyk
- Data Mining Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Data Mining Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Low-dose X-ray irradiation promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and fracture healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104016. [PMID: 25089831 PMCID: PMC4121287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Great controversy exists regarding the biologic responses of osteoblasts to X-ray irradiation, and the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the biological effects of low-dose radiation on stimulating osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and fracture healing were identified using in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies. First, low-dose (0.5 Gy) X-ray irradiation induced the cell viability and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. However, high-dose (5 Gy) X-ray irradiation inhibited the viability and proliferation of osteoblasts. In addition, dynamic variations in osteoblast differentiation markers, including type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, Osterix and osteocalcin, were observed after both low-dose and high-dose irradiation by Western blot analysis. Second, fracture healing was evaluated via histology and gene expression after single-dose X-ray irradiation, and low-dose X-ray irradiation accelerates fracture healing of closed femoral fractures in rats. In low-dose X-ray irradiated fractures, an increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells, cartilage formation and fracture calluses was observed. In addition, we observed more rapid completion of endochondral and intramembranous ossification, which was accompanied by altered expression of genes involved in bone remodeling and fracture callus mineralization. Although the expression level of several osteoblast differentiation genes was increased in the fracture calluses of high-dose irradiated rats, the callus formation and fracture union were delayed compared with the control and low-dose irradiated fractures. These results reveal beneficial effects of low-dose irradiation, including the stimulation of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and fracture healing, and highlight its potential translational application in novel therapies against bone-related diseases.
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Loseva O, Shubbar E, Haghdoost S, Evers B, Helleday T, Harms-Ringdahl M. Chronic Low Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation Exposure Induces Premature Senescence in Human Fibroblasts that Correlates with Up Regulation of Proteins Involved in Protection against Oxidative Stress. Proteomes 2014; 2:341-362. [PMID: 28250385 PMCID: PMC5302754 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of non-cancerous diseases associated with exposure to low doses of radiation are at present not validated by epidemiological data, and pose a great challenge to the scientific community of radiation protection research. Here, we show that premature senescence is induced in human fibroblasts when exposed to chronic low dose rate (LDR) exposure (5 or 15 mGy/h) of gamma rays from a 137Cs source. Using a proteomic approach we determined differentially expressed proteins in cells after chronic LDR radiation compared to control cells. We identified numerous proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress, suggesting that these pathways protect against premature senescence. In order to further study the role of oxidative stress for radiation induced premature senescence, we also used human fibroblasts, isolated from a patient with a congenital deficiency in glutathione synthetase (GS). We found that these GS deficient cells entered premature senescence after a significantly shorter time of chronic LDR exposure as compared to the GS proficient cells. In conclusion, we show that chronic LDR exposure induces premature senescence in human fibroblasts, and propose that a stress induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is mechanistically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Loseva
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 21, Sweden.
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41345, Sweden.
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Center for Radiation Protections Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm S-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Bastiaan Evers
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 21, Sweden.
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Center for Radiation Protections Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm S-106 91, Sweden.
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Manesh SS, Deperas-Kaminska M, Fotouhi A, Sangsuwan T, Harms-Ringdahl M, Wojcik A, Haghdoost S. Mutations and chromosomal aberrations in hMTH1-transfected and non-transfected TK6 cells after exposure to low dose rates of gamma radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:417-425. [PMID: 24549366 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the dose rate effect of gamma radiation at the level of mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and cell growth in TK6 cells with normal as well as reduced levels of hMTH1 protein. TK6 cells were exposed to gamma radiation at dose rates ranging from 1.4 to 30.0 mGy/h (chronic exposure) as well as 24 Gy/h (acute exposure). Cell growth, frequency of thymidine kinase mutants, and of chromosomal aberrations in painted chromosomes 2, 8, and 14 were analysed. A decline in cell growth and an increase in unstable-type chromosomal aberrations with increasing dose rate were observed in both cell lines. A dose rate effect was not seen on mutations or stable-type chromosomal aberrations in any of the two cell lines. Reduction in the hMTH1 protein does not influence the sensitivity of TK6 cells to gamma radiation. This result fits well with data of others generated with the same cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakeri Manesh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research (CRPR), The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chandna S, Dagur RS, Mathur A, Natarajan AT, Harms-Ringdahl M, Haghdoost S. Agarose overlay selectively improves macrocolony formation and radiosensitivity assessment in primary fibroblasts. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:401-6. [PMID: 24527670 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.894650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary fibroblasts are not suitable for in vitro macrocolony assay due to their inability to form distinct colonies. Here we present a modification of agarose overlay that yielded extensive improvement in their colony formation and assessment of radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Macrocolony formation was assessed in primary human fibroblasts VH10 and HDFn with or without overlay using 0.5% agarose in growth medium at 24 h post-seeding. Malignant human cell lines (A549, U87) and transformed non-malignant fibroblasts (AA8 hamster, MRC5 human) were used for comparison. RESULTS Agarose overlay caused significant improvement marked by early appearance (one week) of distinct colonies with high cell density and multifold higher plating efficiency than conventional macrocolony assay in VH10 and HDFn human fibroblasts. Compared to conventional assay or feeder cell supplementation, agarose overlay resulted in broader cell morphology due to improved adherence, and yielded more compact colonies. Gamma-radiation dose-response survival curves could be successfully generated for both fibroblast cell lines using this method, which yielded no such effects in the transformed/malignant cell lines tested. CONCLUSION This easy and inexpensive 'agarose overlay technique' significantly and selectively improves the fibroblast plating efficiency, thus considerably reducing time and effort to greatly benefit the survival studies on primary fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Chandna
- Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms Group, Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS) , Delhi , India
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Poulsen HE, Nadal LL, Broedbaek K, Nielsen PE, Weimann A. Detection and interpretation of 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGua in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:801-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ghoneum M, Elbaghdady HAM, El-Shebly AA, Pan D, Assanah E, Lawson G. Protective effect of hydroferrate fluid, MRN-100, against lethality and hematopoietic tissue damage in γ-radiated Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:852-862. [PMID: 23589025 PMCID: PMC3766301 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroferrate fluid, MRN-100, an iron-based compound derived from bivalent and trivalent ferrates, is a potent antioxidant compound. Therefore, we examined the protective effect of MRN-100 against γ-radiation-induced lethality and damage to hematopoietic tissues in fish. A total of 216 Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 served as a control that was administered no radiation and no MRN-100 treatment. Group 2 was exposed only to γ-radiation (15 Gy). Groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated with MRN-100 at doses of either 1 ml/l or 3 ml/l in water for 1 week, and subsequently exposed to radiation while continuing to receive MRN-100 for 27 days. The survival rate was measured, and biochemical and histopathological analyses of hematopoietic tissues were performed for the different treatment groups at 1 and 4 weeks post-radiation. Exposure to radiation reduced the survival rate to 27.7%, while treatment with MRN-100 maintained the survival rate at 87.2%. In addition, fish exposed to γ-radiation for 1 week showed a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) series. However, treatment with MRN-100 protected the total WBC count and the RBCs series when compared with irradiated fish. Furthermore, significant histological lesions were observed in the hepatopancreas, spleen and gills of irradiated fish. However, treatment with MRN-100 protected the histopathology of various organs. We conclude that MRN-100 is a radioprotective agent in fish and may be useful as an adjuvant treatment to counteract the adverse side effects associated with radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1621 East, 120th Street, Los Angeles, California 90059
| | | | - Abdallah A. El-Shebly
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 101 Kaser El Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deyu Pan
- Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Edward Assanah
- Research, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059
| | - Greg Lawson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 724 Westwood Blvd., Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Skiöld S, Naslund I, Brehwens K, Andersson A, Wersall P, Lidbrink E, Harms-Ringdahl M, Wojcik A, Haghdoost S. Radiation-induced stress response in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients differs between patients with severe acute skin reactions and patients with no side effects to radiotherapy. Mutat Res 2013; 756:152-7. [PMID: 23652022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the radiation-induced oxidative stress response in blood samples from breast cancer patients that developed severe acute skin reactions during the radiotherapy, with the response in blood samples from patients with no side effects. Peripheral blood was collected from 12 breast cancer patients showing no early skin reactions after radiotherapy (RTOG grade 0) and from 14 breast cancer patients who developed acute severe skin reactions (RTOG grade 3-4). Whole blood was irradiated with 0, 5 and 2000mGy γ-radiation and serum was isolated. The biomarker for oxidative stress, 8-oxo-dG, was analyzed in the serum by a modified ELISA. While a significant radiation-induced increase of serum 8-oxo-dG levels was observed in serum of the RTOG 0 patients, no increase was seen in serum of the RTOG 3-4 patients. The radiation induced increase in serum 8-oxo-dG levels after 5mGy did not differ significantly from the increase observed for 2000mGy in the RTOG 3-4 cohort, thus no dose response relation was observed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.97 was obtained from the radiation-induced increase in 8-oxo-dG indicating that the assay could be used to identify patients with severe acute adverse reactions to radiotherapy. The results show that samples of whole blood from patients, classified as highly radiosensitive (RTOG 3-4) based on their skin reactions to radiotherapy, differ significantly in their oxidative stress response to ionizing radiation compared to samples of whole blood from patients with no skin reactions (RTOG 0). Extracellular 8-oxo-dG is primarily a biomarker of nucleotide damage and the results indicate that the patients with severe acute skin reactions differ in their cellular response to ionizing radiation at the level of induction of oxidative stress or at the level of repair or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Skiöld
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fan ZL, Wang ZY, Zuo LL, Tian SQ. Protective effect of anthocyanins from lingonberry on radiation-induced damages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:4732-43. [PMID: 23249859 PMCID: PMC3546787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9124732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the serious harm of radioactive materials, which are widely used in energy production, scientific research, medicine, industry and other areas. In recent years, owing to the great side effects of anti-radiation drugs, research on the radiation protectants has gradually expanded from the previous chemicals to the use of natural anti-radiation drugs and functional foods. Some reports have confirmed that anthocyanins are good antioxidants, which can effectively eliminate free radicals, but studies on the immunoregulatory and anti-radiation effects of anthocyanins from lingonberry (ALB) are less reported. In this experiment, mice were given orally once daily for 14 consecutive days before exposure to 6 Gy of gamma-radiation and were sacrificed on the 7th day post-irradiation. The results showed that the selected dose of extract did not lead to acute toxicity in mice; while groups given anthocyanins orally were significantly better than radiation control group according to blood analysis; pretreatment of anthocyanins significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the thymus and spleen indices and spleen cell survival compared to the irradiation control group. Pretreatment with anthocyanins before irradiation significantly reduced the numbers of micronuclei (MN) in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). These findings indicate that anthocyanins have immunostimulatory potential against immunosuppression induced by the radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Luan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 HeXing Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 HeXing Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mail:
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mail:
| | - Li-Li Zuo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mail:
| | - Shuang-Qi Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; E-Mail:
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Pernot E, Hall J, Baatout S, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Bouffler S, El Saghire H, Gomolka M, Guertler A, Harms-Ringdahl M, Jeggo P, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Lindholm C, Mkacher R, Quintens R, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Tapio S, de Vathaire F, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers for potential use in epidemiological studies. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2012; 751:258-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Harms-Ringdahl M, Jenssen D, Haghdoost S. Tomato juice intake suppressed serum concentration of 8-oxodG after extensive physical activity. Nutr J 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22551119 PMCID: PMC3494535 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), spontaneously arising during the normal oxygen metabolism. ROS may result in temporary as well as permanent modifications in various cellular components such as lipids, proteins and DNA, which may have deleterious consequences. Demonstrating that a dietary supplementation of antioxidants can reduce oxidative DNA damage may provide evidence for the value of such supplementation in prevention of cancer and age related diseases. Findings The present study was conducted to address whether tomato juice protects against ROS induced by extensive physical exercise in untrained individuals. As a marker of oxidative stress, serum levels of 8-oxodG were monitored using a modified ELISA. An intervention was performed involving 15 untrained healthy subjects who performed a 20 min physical exercise at 80% of maximum pulse using an ergometer bicycle. Blood samples were taken before and one hour after the exercise. The procedure was repeated after 5 weeks with a daily intake of 150 ml tomato juice and followed by a 5 weeks wash-out period and another 5 weeks with a daily intake of tomato juice. The results indicated that a daily intake of tomato juice, equal to 15 mg lycopene per day, for 5 weeks significantly reduced the serum levels of 8-oxodG after an extensive physical exercise. Conclusion These data strongly suggest that tomato juice has a potential antioxidant effect and may reduce the elevated level of ROS induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research (CRPR), Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pramojanee SN, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Low-dose dental irradiation decreases oxidative stress in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells without any changes in cell viability, cellular proliferation and cellular apoptosis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:252-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fotouhi A, Skiöld S, Shakeri-Manesh S, Osterman-Golkar S, Wojcik A, Jenssen D, Harms-Ringdahl M, Haghdoost S. Reduction of 8-oxodGTP in the nucleotide pool by hMTH1 leads to reduction in mutations in the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 exposed to UVA. Mutat Res 2011; 715:13-8. [PMID: 21784087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UVA has been suggested to play an important role in UV-induced mutagenesis. The mechanisms by which UVA induces mutations are still a matter of debate. Our aim was to investigate the protective capacity of hMTH1, a nucleotide pool sanitization enzyme with 8-oxodGTPase activity. Human B lymphoblastoid cells were stably transfected with shRNA directed against hMTH1. Clonogenic survival, mutations, intracellular and extracellular levels of 8-oxodG (8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine) and dG in the nucleotide pool of UVA-irradiated transfected and non-transfected cells were investigated. Mutations were determined in the thymidine kinase locus. Intracellular 8-oxodG and dG were measured using a modified ELISA and HPLC, respectively, after extraction of the nucleotide pool and conversion of nucleotides to their corresponding nucleosides. 8-oxodG in the medium was measured using ELISA. UVA-induced mutations were significantly higher while the survival was slightly lower in transfected compared to non-transfected cells. The increased mutation rate in transfected cells at increased exposure correlated with enhanced levels of 8-oxodG in the nucleotide pool, and a somewhat reduced level of 8-oxodG in the medium. The results indicate that the nucleotide pool is a significant target for UVA-induced mutations and implicates that hMTH1 plays an important role in protecting cells from UVA-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Fotouhi
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chaudhary P, Shukla SK, Sharma RK. REC-2006-A Fractionated Extract of Podophyllum hexandrum Protects Cellular DNA from Radiation-Induced Damage by Reducing the Initial Damage and Enhancing Its Repair In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:473953. [PMID: 20008078 PMCID: PMC3136531 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum, a perennial herb commonly known as the Himalayan May Apple, is well known in Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medicine. P. hexandrum has been widely used for the treatment of venereal warts, skin infections, bacterial and viral infections, and different cancers of the brain, lung and bladder. This study aimed at elucidating the effect of REC-2006, a bioactive fractionated extract from the rhizome of P. hexandrum, on the kinetics of induction and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in murine thymocytes in vivo. We evaluated its effect on non-specific radiation-induced DNA damage by the alkaline halo assay in terms of relative nuclear spreading factor (RNSF) and gene-specific radiation-induced DNA damage via semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Whole body exposure of animals with gamma rays (10 Gy) caused a significant amount of DNA damage in thymocytes (RNSF values 17.7 ± 0.47, 12.96 ± 1.64 and 3.3 ± 0.014) and a reduction in the amplification of β-globin gene to 0, 28 and 43% at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. Administrating REC-2006 at a radioprotective concentration (15 mg kg−1 body weight) 1 h before irradiation resulted in time-dependent reduction of DNA damage evident as a decrease in RNSF values 6.156 ± 0.576, 1.647 ± 0.534 and 0.496 ± 0.012, and an increase in β-globin gene amplification 36, 95 and 99%, at 0, 15 and 60 min, respectively. REC-2006 scavenged radiation-induced hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner stabilized DPPH free radicals and also inhibited superoxide anions. Various polyphenols and flavonoides present in REC-2006 might contribute to scavenging of radiation-induced free radicals, thereby preventing DNA damage and stimulating its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaudhary
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India
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Bajinskis A, Lindegren H, Johansson L, Harms-Ringdahl M, Forsby A. Low-Dose/Dose-Rate γ Radiation Depresses Neural Differentiation and Alters Protein Expression Profiles in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and C17.2 Neural Stem Cells. Radiat Res 2010; 175:185-92. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainars Bajinskis
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Heléne Lindegren
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Johansson
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lagadu S, Pottier I, Sichel F, Laurent C, Lefaix JL, Prevost V. Detection of extracellular 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative damage in X-irradiated fibroblast cultures: optimization of analytical procedure. Biomarkers 2010; 15:707-14. [PMID: 20868227 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.511269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple methodology, based on single-step solid-phase extraction followed by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), to determine extracellular 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in culture supernatants of normal human dermal fibroblasts. A standard addition method, using externally added 8-oxodG (0.5 and 1 pmol) was employed to eliminate matrix effects arising from the chemically complex, protein-rich medium. Secondly, applying this procedure to X-ray irradiated fibroblasts, we report a significant twofold increase in the levels of 8-oxodG at the radiobiologically relevant dose of 6 Gy. This suggests that extracellular 8-oxodG might be a useful biomarker for oxidative stress following moderate doses of X-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lagadu
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer - UPRES EA 1772 - IFR 146, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie and Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Rai P. Oxidation in the nucleotide pool, the DNA damage response and cellular senescence: Defective bricks build a defective house. Mutat Res 2010; 703:71-81. [PMID: 20673809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of persistent DNA damage response (DDR) signaling is associated with the induction of a permanent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence, a phenomenon intrinsically linked to both tissue aging as well as tumor suppression. The DNA damage observed in senescent cells has been attributed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), failing DNA damage repair processes, and/or oncogenic activation. It is not clear how labile molecules such as ROS are able to damage chromatin-bound DNA to a sufficient extent to invoke persistent DNA damage and DDR signaling. Recent evidence suggests that the nucleotide pool is a significant target for oxidants and that oxidized nucleotides, once incorporated into genomic DNA, can lead to the induction of a DNA strand break-associated DDR that triggers senescence in normal cells and in cells sustaining oncogene activation. Evasion of this DDR and resulting senescence is a key step in tumor progression. This review will explore the role of oxidation in the nucleotide pool as a major effector of oxidative stress-induced genotoxic damage and DDR in the context of cellular senescence and tumorigenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Rai
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rosenstiel Medical Sciences Building, Rm#7094/Locator Code: D-503, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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Stanojević I, Drakulić D, Veličković N, Milošević M, Petrović S, Horvat A. Effects of acute gamma-irradiation on extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in developing rat brain. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409090325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shuryak I, Brenner DJ. A model of interactions between radiation-induced oxidative stress, protein and DNA damage in Deinococcus radiodurans. J Theor Biol 2009; 261:305-17. [PMID: 19679136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation triggers oxidative stress, which can have a variety of subtle and profound biological effects. Here we focus on mathematical modeling of potential synergistic interactions between radiation damage to DNA and oxidative stress-induced damage to proteins involved in DNA repair/replication. When sensitive sites on these proteins are attacked by radiation-induced radicals, correct repair of dangerous DNA lesions such as double strand breaks (DSBs) can be compromised. In contrast, if oxidation of important proteins is prevented by strong antioxidant defenses, DNA repair may function more efficiently. These processes probably occur to some extent even at low doses of radiation/oxidative stress, but they are easiest to investigate at high doses, where both DNA and protein damage are extensive. As an example, we use data on survival of Deinococcus radiodurans after high doses (thousands of Gy) of acute and chronic irradiation. Our model of radiogenic oxidative stress is consistent with these data and can potentially be generalized to other organisms and lower radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
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