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Wanstall HC, Burkart F, Dinter H, Kellermeier M, Kuropka W, Mayet F, Vinatier T, Santina E, Chadwick AL, Merchant MJ, Henthorn NT, Köpke M, Stacey B, Jaster-Merz S, Jones RM. First in vitro measurement of VHEE relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in lung and prostate cancer cells using the ARES linac at DESY. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10957. [PMID: 38740830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Very high energy electrons (VHEE) are a potential candidate for radiotherapy applications. This includes tumours in inhomogeneous regions such as lung and prostate cancers, due to the insensitivity of VHEE to inhomogeneities. This study explores how electrons in the VHEE range can be used to perform successful in vitro radiobiological studies. The ARES (accelerator research experiment at SINBAD) facility at DESY, Hamburg, Germany was used to deliver 154 MeV electrons to both prostate (PC3) and lung (A549) cancer cells in suspension. Dose was delivered to samples with repeatability and uniformity, quantified with Gafchromic film. Cell survival in response to VHEE was measured using the clonogenic assay to determine the biological effectiveness of VHEE in cancer cells for the first time using this method. Equivalent experiments were performed using 300 kVp X-rays, to enable VHEE irradiated cells to be compared with conventional photons. VHEE irradiated cancer cell survival was fitted to the linear quadratic (LQ) model (R2 = 0.96-0.97). The damage from VHEE and X-ray irradiated cells at doses between 1.41 and 6.33 Gy are comparable, suggesting similar relative biological effectiveness (RBE) between the two modalities. This suggests VHEE is as damaging as photon radiotherapy and therefore could be used to successfully damage cancer cells during radiotherapy. The RBE of VHEE was quantified as the relative doses required for 50% (D0.5) and 10% (D0.1) cell survival. Using these values, VHEE RBE was measured as 0.93 (D0.5) and 0.99 (D0.1) for A549 and 0.74 (D0.5) and 0.93 (D0.1) for PC3 cell lines respectively. For the first time, this study has shown that 154 MeV electrons can be used to effectively kill lung and prostate cancer cells, suggesting that VHEE would be a viable radiotherapy modality. Several studies have shown that VHEE has characteristics that would offer significant improvements over conventional photon radiotherapy for example, electrons are relatively easy to steer and can be used to deliver dose rapidly and with high efficiency. Studies have shown improved dose distribution with VHEE in treatment plans, in comparison to VMAT, indicating that VHEE can offer improved and safer treatment plans with reduced side effects. The biological response of cancer cells to VHEE has not been sufficiently studied as of yet, however this initial study provides some initial insights into cell damage. VHEE offers significant benefits over photon radiotherapy and therefore more studies are required to fully understand the biological effectiveness of VHEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Wanstall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
- Daresbury Laboratory, The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.
| | - Florian Burkart
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Dinter
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max Kellermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Willi Kuropka
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Mayet
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vinatier
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elham Santina
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Amy L Chadwick
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael J Merchant
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas T Henthorn
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael Köpke
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blae Stacey
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Jaster-Merz
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger M Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Daresbury Laboratory, The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
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Borghini A, Labate L, Piccinini S, Panaino CMV, Andreassi MG, Gizzi LA. FLASH Radiotherapy: Expectations, Challenges, and Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2546. [PMID: 38473799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major strides have been made in the development of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) in the last ten years, but there are still many obstacles to overcome for transfer to the clinic to become a reality. Although preclinical and first-in-human clinical evidence suggests that ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) induce a sparing effect in normal tissue without modifying the therapeutic effect on the tumor, successful clinical translation of FLASH-RT depends on a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning the sparing effect. Suitable in vitro studies are required to fully understand the radiobiological mechanisms associated with UHDRs. From a technical point of view, it is also crucial to develop optimal technologies in terms of beam irradiation parameters for producing FLASH conditions. This review provides an overview of the research progress of FLASH RT and discusses the potential challenges to be faced before its clinical application. We critically summarize the preclinical evidence and in vitro studies on DNA damage following UHDR irradiation. We also highlight the ongoing developments of technologies for delivering FLASH-compliant beams, with a focus on laser-driven plasma accelerators suitable for performing basic radiobiological research on the UHDR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Piccinini
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonida Antonio Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Schulte R, Johnstone C, Boucher S, Esarey E, Geddes CGR, Kravchenko M, Kutsaev S, Loo BW, Méot F, Mustapha B, Nakamura K, Nanni EA, Obst-Huebl L, Sampayan SE, Schroeder CB, Sheng K, Snijders AM, Snively E, Tantawi SG, Van Tilborg J. Transformative Technology for FLASH Radiation Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:5021. [PMID: 38240007 PMCID: PMC10795821 DOI: 10.3390/app13085021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The general concept of radiation therapy used in conventional cancer treatment is to increase the therapeutic index by creating a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissues through precision dose targeting, image guidance, and radiation beams that deliver a radiation dose with high conformality, e.g., protons and ions. However, the treatment and cure are still limited by normal tissue radiation toxicity, with the corresponding side effects. A fundamentally different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged recently, supported by preclinical research, and based on the FLASH radiation effect. FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) is an ultra-high-dose-rate delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose within a fraction of a second. Experimental studies have shown that normal tissues seem to be universally spared at these high dose rates, whereas tumors are not. While dose delivery conditions to achieve a FLASH effect are not yet fully characterized, it is currently estimated that doses delivered in less than 200 ms produce normal-tissue-sparing effects, yet effectively kill tumor cells. Despite a great opportunity, there are many technical challenges for the accelerator community to create the required dose rates with novel compact accelerators to ensure the safe delivery of FLASH radiation beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Schulte
- Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Carol Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
| | - Salime Boucher
- RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Eric Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Kutsaev
- RadiaBeam Technologies, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Billy W. Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - François Méot
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | | | - Kei Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emilio A. Nanni
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Stephen E. Sampayan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
- Opcondys, Inc., Manteca, CA 95336, USA
| | | | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | - Emma Snively
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sami G. Tantawi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Friedl AA, Prise KM, Butterworth KT, Montay-Gruel P, Favaudon V. Radiobiology of the FLASH effect. Med Phys 2022; 49:1993-2013. [PMID: 34426981 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposures at ultrahigh dose rates (UHDRs) at several orders of magnitude greater than in current clinical radiotherapy (RT) have been shown to manifest differential radiobiological responses compared to conventional (CONV) dose rates. This has led to studies investigating the application of UHDR for therapeutic advantage (FLASH-RT) that have gained significant interest since the initial discovery in 2014 that demonstrated reduced lung toxicity with equivalent levels of tumor control compared with conventional dose-rate RT. Many subsequent studies have demonstrated the potential protective role of FLASH-RT in normal tissues, yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the FLASH effect remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we summarize the current evidence of the FLASH effect and review FLASH-RT studies performed in preclinical models of normal tissue response. To critically examine the underlying biological mechanisms of responses to UHDR radiation exposures, we evaluate in vitro studies performed with normal and tumor cells. Differential responses to UHDR versus CONV irradiation recurrently involve reduced inflammatory processes and differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In addition, frequently reduced levels of DNA damage or misrepair products are seen after UHDR irradiation. So far, it is not clear what signal elicits these differential responses, but there are indications for involvement of reactive species. Different susceptibility to FLASH effects observed between normal and tumor cells may result from altered metabolic and detoxification pathways and/or repair pathways used by tumor cells. We summarize the current theories that may explain the FLASH effect and highlight important research questions that are key to a better mechanistic understanding and, thus, the future implementation of FLASH-RT in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- Institut Curie, Inserm U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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5
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Borghini A, Vecoli C, Labate L, Panetta D, Andreassi MG, Gizzi LA. FLASH ultra-high dose rates in radiotherapy: preclinical and radiobiological evidence. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:127-135. [PMID: 34913413 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2009143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flash radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is currently being regarded as the next breakthrough in radiation treatment of cancer, delivering ultrahigh radiation doses in a very short time, and sparing normal tissues from detrimental injury. Here we review the current evidence on the preclinical findings as well as the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the FLASH effect. We also briefly examine the scenario of available technologies for delivering FLASH dose-rates for research and their implications for future clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical studies report that the FLASH-RT reduces radiation-induced toxicity whilst maintaining an equivalent tumor response across different animal models. However, the molecular radiobiology underlying FLASH effect is not fully understood and further experiments are necessary to understand the biological response. Future studies also includes the design of a FLASH delivery system able to produce beams appropriate for treatment of tumors with ultra-high dose rates. All these research activities will greatly benefit from a multidisciplinary collaboration across biology, physics and clinical oncology, increasing the potential of a rapid clinical translation of FLASH-RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Labate
- CNR National Institute of Optics, Pisa, Italy
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Tsakanova G, Babayan N, Karalova E, Hakobyan L, Abroyan L, Avetisyan A, Avagyan H, Hakobyan S, Poghosyan A, Baghdasaryan B, Arakelova E, Ayvazyan V, Matevosyan L, Navasardyan A, Davtyan H, Apresyan L, Yeremyan A, Aroutiounian R, Osipov AN, Grigoryan B, Karalyan Z. Low-Energy Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Irradiation-Induced Immune Response in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111525. [PMID: 34768958 PMCID: PMC8584044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new laser-driven electron linear accelerators, providing unique ultrashort pulsed electron beams (UPEBs) with low repetition rates, opens new opportunities for radiotherapy and new fronts for radiobiological research in general. Considering the growing interest in the application of UPEBs in radiation biology and medicine, the aim of this study was to reveal the changes in immune system in response to low-energy laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation in rodents. Forty male albino Wistar rats were exposed to laser-driven UPEB irradiation, after which different immunological parameters were studied on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th day after irradiation. According to the results, this type of irradiation induces alterations in the rat immune system, particularly by increasing the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and elevating the DNA damage rate. Moreover, such an immune response reaches its maximal levels on the third day after laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation, showing partial recovery on subsequent days with a total recovery on the 28th day. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the effect of laser-driven UPEB whole-body irradiation on the immune system of the animals and support further animal experiments on the role of this novel type of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +374-941-23070
| | - Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Elena Karalova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Lina Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Liana Abroyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Aida Avetisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Hranush Avagyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Sona Hakobyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Arpine Poghosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Bagrat Baghdasaryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Violetta Ayvazyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Lusine Matevosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Arpine Navasardyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Lilit Apresyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
| | - Arsham Yeremyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- Group for Radiation Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids, N.N. Semenov Federal Research for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for the Development of Innovative Drugs and Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Experimental Radiobiology and Radiation Medicine Department, State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan 0040, Armenia; (A.N.); (H.D.); (A.Y.); (B.G.)
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (E.K.); (L.H.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.H.); (A.P.); (B.B.); (E.A.); (V.A.); (L.M.); (L.A.); (R.A.); (Z.K.)
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Tsakanova G, Arakelova E, Matevosyan L, Petrosyan M, Gasparyan S, Harutyunyan K, Babayan N. The role of women scientists in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical research in Armenia. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:489-495. [PMID: 34623213 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1987566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the contribution of women scientists in the development of biomedical studies conducted on research facilities based on the ultrashort pulsed laser technologies in Armenia. CONCLUSION Given the opportunities provided by the ultrashort pulsed laser driven two-photon microscopy and electron beam linac facilities at CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, the Armenian women scientists initiated and conducted interdisciplinary research to understand of the biomedical effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam irradiation, as well as to experience and apply the advantages of the two-photon microscopy in their fields of research. Women scientists had a crucial role and unique impact in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical studies in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Elina Arakelova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Mariam Petrosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Gasparyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Ronga MG, Cavallone M, Patriarca A, Leite AM, Loap P, Favaudon V, Créhange G, De Marzi L. Back to the Future: Very High-Energy Electrons (VHEEs) and Their Potential Application in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4942. [PMID: 34638424 PMCID: PMC8507836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative approaches that would reduce the sensitivity of healthy tissues to irradiation while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment on the tumor is of crucial importance for the progress of the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent methodological developments and innovations, such as scanned beams, ultra-high dose rates, and very high-energy electrons, which may be simultaneously available on new accelerators, would allow for possible radiobiological advantages of very short pulses of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) therapy for radiation therapy to be considered. In particular, very high-energy electron (VHEE) radiotherapy, in the energy range of 100 to 250 MeV, first proposed in the 2000s, would be particularly interesting both from a ballistic and biological point of view for the establishment of this new type of irradiation technique. In this review, we examine and summarize the current knowledge on VHEE radiotherapy and provide a synthesis of the studies that have been published on various experimental and simulation works. We will also consider the potential for VHEE therapy to be translated into clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ronga
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- Thales AVS Microwave & Imaging Sub-Systems, 78141 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Marco Cavallone
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Amelia Maia Leite
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- INSERM LITO U1288, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Loap
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Vincent Favaudon
- INSERM U 1021-CNRS UMR 3347, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France;
| | - Gilles Créhange
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay, Department of Radiation Oncology, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91898 Orsay, France; (M.G.R.); (M.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.L.); (P.L.); (G.C.)
- INSERM LITO U1288, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, 91898 Orsay, France
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9
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Tsakanova G, Arakelova E, Ayvazyan V, Karalyan Z, Matevosyan L, Arakelyan A, Amirkhanyan Z, Davtyan H, Khachatryan V, Grigoryan B. The LD50 for Low-Energy Ultrashort-Pulsed Laser Driven Electron Beam Whole-Body Irradiation of Wistar Rats. Radiat Res 2021; 196:658-667. [PMID: 34478547 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new technology of low-energy ultrashort-pulsed electron beam (UPEB) accelerators has been developed opening new directions for radiobiology and biomedical research. The purpose of this study was to reveal the lethal dose, LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) delivered by low-energy UPEB whole-body exposure on an organismal level. Wistar rats were exposed to low-energy UPEB whole-body irradiation with different doses and pulse repetition rates to find the LD50 and in silico computer simulations were performed to conduct numerical dose calculations. Survival rate, body weight and water consumption were monitored over the 30-day observation period postirradiation. The LD50 was observed after a 2 Gy dose and pulse repetition rate of 2 Hz. In this group, 50% of the animals survived 30 days postirradiation. The groups of animals exposed to low-energy UPEB radiation at higher doses and pulse repetition rates demonstrated higher mortality rates. We demonstrated that the LD50 dose for the low-energy UPEB whole body irradiation in Wistar rats corresponds to 2 Gy with a pulse repetition rate of 2 Hz. Moreover, we showed that the pulse repetition rate is a very important parameter in the experiments with UPEB and should be assessed in the experiments with such kind of novel irradiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hakob Davtyan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
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10
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Laggner M, Gugerell A, Copic D, Jeitler M, Springer M, Peterbauer A, Kremslehner C, Filzwieser-Narzt M, Gruber F, Madlener S, Erb M, Widder J, Lechner W, Georg D, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Comparing the efficacy of γ- and electron-irradiation of PBMCs to promote secretion of paracrine, regenerative factors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:14-27. [PMID: 33768126 PMCID: PMC7960502 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free secretomes represent a promising new therapeutic avenue in regenerative medicine, and γ-irradiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been shown to promote the release of paracrine factors with high regenerative potential. Recently, the use of alternative irradiation sources, such as artificially generated β- or electron-irradiation, is encouraged by authorities. Since the effect of the less hazardous electron-radiation on the production and functions of paracrine factors has not been tested so far, we compared the effects of γ- and electron-irradiation on PBMCs and determined the efficacy of both radiation sources for producing regenerative secretomes. Exposure to 60 Gy γ-rays from a radioactive nuclide and 60 Gy electron-irradiation provided by a linear accelerator comparably induced cell death and DNA damage. The transcriptional landscapes of PBMCs exposed to either radiation source shared a high degree of similarity. Secretion patterns of proteins, lipids, and extracellular vesicles displayed similar profiles after γ- and electron-irradiation. Lastly, we detected comparable biological activities in functional assays reflecting the regenerative potential of the secretomes. Taken together, we were able to demonstrate that electron-irradiation is an effective, alternative radiation source for producing therapeutic, cell-free secretomes. Our study paves the way for future clinical trials employing secretomes generated with electron-irradiation in tissue-regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jeitler
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Springer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Peterbauer
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Filzwieser-Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, and Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Erb
- SYNLAB Analytics and Services Switzerland AG, 4127 Birsfelden, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Widder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Nakaya G, Sakagami H, Koga-Ogawa Y, Shiroto A, Nobesawa T, Ueda D, Nakatani S, Kobata K, Iijima Y, Tone S, David-Gonzalez A, Garcia-Contreras R, Tomomura M, Kito S, Tamura N, Takeshima H. Augmentation of Neurotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs by X-Ray Irradiation. In Vivo 2021; 34:1009-1016. [PMID: 32354886 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to investigate the combination effect of anticancer drugs and X-ray irradiation on neurotoxic side-effects (neurotoxicity), a method that provides homogeneously X-ray-irradiated cells was newly established. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC12 cell suspension was irradiated by X-ray (0.5 Gy) in serum-supplemented medium, immediately inoculated into 96-microwell plates and incubated overnight. The medium was replaced with fresh serum-depleted medium containing 50 ng/ml nerve growth factor to induce differentiation toward nerve-like cells with characteristic neurites according to the overlay method without changing the medium. The differentiated cells were treated by anticancer drugs as well as antioxidants, oxaliplatin or bortezomib, and the viable cell number was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS Antioxidants and anticancer drugs were cytotoxic to differentiating PC12 cells. Combination of anticancer drugs and X-ray irradiation slightly reduced cell viability. CONCLUSION The present 'population irradiation method' may be useful for the investigation of the combination effect of X-ray irradiation and any pharmaceutical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giichirou Nakaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Koga-Ogawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shiroto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Nobesawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nihon Institute of Medical Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iijima
- Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Tone
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Angel David-Gonzalez
- National School of Higher Education, Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- National School of Higher Education, Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Shinji Kito
- Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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12
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Babayan N, Vorobyeva N, Grigoryan B, Grekhova A, Pustovalova M, Rodneva S, Fedotov Y, Tsakanova G, Aroutiounian R, Osipov A. Low Repair Capacity of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by Laser-Driven Ultrashort Electron Beams in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249488. [PMID: 33327380 PMCID: PMC7764904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven accelerators allow to generate ultrashort (from femto- to picoseconds) high peak dose-rate (up to tens of GGy/s) accelerated particle beams. However, the radiobiological effects of ultrashort pulsed irradiation are still poorly studied. The aim of this work was to compare the formation and elimination of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci (well known markers for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)) in Hela cells exposed to ultrashort pulsed electron beams generated by Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Laboratory (AREAL) accelerator (electron energy 3.6 MeV, pulse duration 450 fs, pulse repetition rates 2 or 20 Hz) and quasi-continuous radiation generated by Varian accelerator (electron energy 4 MeV) at doses of 250–1000 mGy. Additionally, a study on the dose–response relationships of changes in the number of residual γH2AX foci in HeLa and A549 cells 24 h after irradiation at doses of 500–10,000 mGy were performed. We found no statistically significant differences in γH2AX and 53BP1 foci yields at 1 h after exposure to 2 Hz ultrashort pulse vs. quasi-continuous radiations. In contrast, 20 Hz ultrashort pulse irradiation resulted in 1.27-fold higher foci yields as compared to the quasi-continuous one. After 24 h of pulse irradiation at doses of 500–10,000 mGy the number of residual γH2AX foci in Hela and A549 cells was 1.7–2.9 times higher compared to that of quasi-continuous irradiation. Overall, the obtained results suggest the slower repair rate for DSBs induced by ultrashort pulse irradiation in comparison to DSBs induced by quasi-continuous irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NASRA, 7 Hasratyan, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (G.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Manoogian, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (S.R.); (Y.F.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan, Yerevan 0040, Armenia;
| | - Anna Grekhova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sofya Rodneva
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (S.R.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuriy Fedotov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (S.R.); (Y.F.)
| | - Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NASRA, 7 Hasratyan, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; (N.B.); (G.T.)
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan, Yerevan 0040, Armenia;
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 Manoogian, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.); (S.R.); (Y.F.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-190-96-83
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13
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Labate L, Palla D, Panetta D, Avella F, Baffigi F, Brandi F, Di Martino F, Fulgentini L, Giulietti A, Köster P, Terzani D, Tomassini P, Traino C, Gizzi LA. Toward an effective use of laser-driven very high energy electrons for radiotherapy: Feasibility assessment of multi-field and intensity modulation irradiation schemes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17307. [PMID: 33057078 PMCID: PMC7560873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy with very high energy electrons has been investigated for a couple of decades as an effective approach to improve dose distribution compared to conventional photon-based radiotherapy, with the recent intriguing potential of high dose-rate irradiation. Its practical application to treatment has been hindered by the lack of hospital-scale accelerators. High-gradient laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) have been proposed as a possible platform, but no experiments so far have explored the feasibility of a clinical use of this concept. We show the results of an experimental study aimed at assessing dose deposition for deep seated tumours using advanced irradiation schemes with an existing LPA source. Measurements show control of localized dose deposition and modulation, suitable to target a volume at depths in the range from 5 to 10 cm with mm resolution. The dose delivered to the target was up to 1.6 Gy, delivered with few hundreds of shots, limited by secondary components of the LPA accelerator. Measurements suggest that therapeutic doses within localized volumes can already be obtained with existing LPA technology, calling for dedicated pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Labate
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Palla
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Avella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Baffigi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fernando Brandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Martino
- Unità Operativa di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienza Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fulgentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Giulietti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Petra Köster
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Terzani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LBL, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Tomassini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Traino
- Unità Operativa di Fisica Sanitaria, Azienza Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonida A Gizzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Babayan N, Grigoryan B, Khondkaryan L, Tadevosyan G, Sarkisyan N, Grigoryan R, Apresyan L, Aroutiounian R, Vorobyeva N, Pustovalova M, Grekhova A, Osipov AN. Laser-Driven Ultrashort Pulsed Electron Beam Radiation at Doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy Induces Apoptosis in Human Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205140. [PMID: 31627284 PMCID: PMC6829387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly evolving laser technologies have led to the development of laser-generated particle accelerators as an alternative to conventional facilities. However, the radiobiological characteristics need to be determined to enhance their applications in biology and medicine. In this study, the radiobiological effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam (UPEB) and X-ray radiation in human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) exposed to doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 Gy are compared. The changes of γH2AX foci number as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were analyzed. In addition, the micronuclei induction and cell death via apoptosis were studied. We found that the biological action of UPEB-radiation compared to X-rays was characterized by significantly slower γH2AX foci elimination (with a dose of 1 Gy) and strong apoptosis induction (with doses of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy), accompanied by a slight increase in micronuclei formation (dose of 1 Gy). Our data suggest that UPEB radiation produces more complex DNA damage than X-ray radiation, leading to cell death rather than cytogenetic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Babayan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Yerevan State University, 1 Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Lusine Khondkaryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Gohar Tadevosyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Natalya Sarkisyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Ruzanna Grigoryan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Lilit Apresyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan, 0014 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | | | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics. Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.
| | - Anna Grekhova
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics. Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 46 Zhivopisnaya, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics. Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.
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15
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Qu X, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhou Z. Amentoflavone protects the hematopoietic system of mice against γ-irradiation. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1021-1029. [PMID: 31549342 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Some flavonoids have been shown to exhibit good antioxidant activity and protect mice from damage induced by radiation. Amentoflavone (AMF), a biflavonoid derived from the traditional herb-Selaginella tamariscina, has been reported to have antioxidant properties. The protective effects and mechanism of action of AMF against radiation injury remain unknown. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to total-body 60Co γ-irradiation at 7.5 or 3.0 Gy. The survival rate and mean survival time were evaluated to determine the radioprotective effect of AMF. Number of peripheral blood cells, frequency of colony forming unit-granulocytes, monocytes and micronuclei were measured to assess the protective effects of AMF on the hematopoietic system. Levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and pathological changes in the bone marrow were determined. Additionally, next-generation sequencing technology was used to explore potential targets of AMF. We observed that AMF markedly extends average survival time, reduces injury to the hematopoietic system and promotes its recovery. Furthermore, treatment with AMF significantly attenuated radiation-induced oxidative stress. In addition, AMF had a significant effect on gene tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 2. Together, the results of this study suggest that AMF is a potential protective agent against radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Public Health Department of Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhaofen Wang
- Public Health Department of Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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16
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Asavei T, Bobeica M, Nastasa V, Manda G, Naftanaila F, Bratu O, Mischianu D, Cernaianu MO, Ghenuche P, Savu D, Stutman D, Tanaka KA, Radu M, Doria D, Vasos PR. Laser-driven radiation: Biomarkers for molecular imaging of high dose-rate effects. Med Phys 2019; 46:e726-e734. [PMID: 31357243 PMCID: PMC6899889 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed short‐pulsed laser sources garner high dose‐rate beams such as energetic ions and electrons, x rays, and gamma rays. The biological effects of laser‐generated ion beams observed in recent studies are different from those triggered by radiation generated using classical accelerators or sources, and this difference can be used to develop new strategies for cancer radiotherapy. High‐power lasers can now deliver particles in doses of up to several Gy within nanoseconds. The fast interaction of laser‐generated particles with cells alters cell viability via distinct molecular pathways compared to traditional, prolonged radiation exposure. The emerging consensus of recent literature is that the differences are due to the timescales on which reactive molecules are generated and persist, in various forms. Suitable molecular markers have to be adopted to monitor radiation effects, addressing relevant endogenous molecules that are accessible for investigation by noninvasive procedures and enable translation to clinical imaging. High sensitivity has to be attained for imaging molecular biomarkers in cells and in vivo to follow radiation‐induced functional changes. Signal‐enhanced MRI biomarkers enriched with stable magnetic nuclear isotopes can be used to monitor radiation effects, as demonstrated recently by the use of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) for biomolecular observations in vivo. In this context, nanoparticles can also be used as radiation enhancers or biomarker carriers. The radiobiology‐relevant features of high dose‐rate secondary radiation generated using high‐power lasers and the importance of noninvasive biomarkers for real‐time monitoring the biological effects of radiation early on during radiation pulse sequences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Asavei
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Mariana Bobeica
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Viorel Nastasa
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.,National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Florin Naftanaila
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Dr Carol Davila Central Mil University Emergency Hospital, 88th Mircea Vulcanescu Str, Bucharest, Romania.,Amethyst Radiotherapy Clinic, Dr Odaii 42, Otopeni, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Bratu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Dr Carol Davila Central Mil University Emergency Hospital, 88th Mircea Vulcanescu Str, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Mischianu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Dr Carol Davila Central Mil University Emergency Hospital, 88th Mircea Vulcanescu Str, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail O Cernaianu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Petru Ghenuche
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Diana Savu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Dan Stutman
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.,National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.,Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Kazuo A Tanaka
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Domenico Doria
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.,Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Vasos
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.,Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), 36-46 B-dul M. Kogalniceanu, RO-050107, Bucharest, Romania
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Numerical simulation of novel concept 4D cardiac microtomography for small rodents based on all-optical Thomson scattering X-ray sources. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8439. [PMID: 31186451 PMCID: PMC6560041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate dynamic three-dimensional (4D) imaging of the heart of small rodents is required for the preclinical study of cardiac biomechanics and their modification under pathological conditions, but technological challenges are met in laboratory practice due to the very small size and high pulse rate of the heart of mice and rats as compared to humans. In 4D X-ray microtomography (4D μCT), the achievable spatio-temporal resolution is hampered by limitations in conventional X-ray sources and detectors. Here, we propose a proof-of-principle 4D μCT platform, exploiting the unique spatial and temporal features of novel concept, all-optical X-ray sources based on Thomson scattering (TS). The main spatial and spectral properties of the photon source are investigated using a TS simulation code. The entire data acquisition workflow has been also simulated, using a novel 4D numerical phantom of a mouse chest with realistic intra- and inter-cycle motion. The image quality of a typical single 3D time frame has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations, taking into account the effects of the typical structure of the TS X-ray beam. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and shortcomings of the proposed platform.
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18
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Harutyunyan T, Hovhannisyan G, Sargsyan A, Grigoryan B, Al-Rikabi AH, Weise A, Liehr T, Aroutiounian R. Analysis of copy number variations induced by ultrashort electron beam radiation in human leukocytes in vitro. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:18. [PMID: 31131024 PMCID: PMC6524226 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental risk factors have been shown to alter DNA copy number variations (CNVs). Recently, CNVs have been described to arise after low-dose ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo. Development of cost- and size-effective laser-driven electron accelerators (LDEAs), capable to deliver high energy beams in pico- or femtosecond durations requires examination of their biological effects. Here we studied in vitro impact of LDEAs radiation on known CNV hotspots in human peripheral blood lymphocytes on single cell level. RESULTS Here CNVs in chromosomal regions 1p31.1, 7q11.22, 9q21.3, 10q21.1 and 16q23.1 earlier reported to be sensitive to ionizing radiation were analyzed using molecular cytogenetics. Irradiation of cells with 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 Gy significantly increased signal intensities in all analyzed chromosomal regions compared to controls. The latter is suggested to be due to radiation-induced duplication or amplification of CNV stretches. As significantly lower gains in mean fluorescence intensities were observed only for chromosomal locus 1p31.1 (after irradiation with 3.0 Gy variant sensitivites of different loci to LDEA is suggested. Negative correlation was found between fluorescence intensities and chromosome size (r = - 0.783, p < 0.001) in cells exposed to 3.0 Gy irradiation and between fluorescence intensities and gene density (r = - 0.475, p < 0.05) in cells exposed to 0.5 Gy irradiation. CONCLUSIONS In this study we demonstrated that irradiation with laser-driven electron bunches can induce molecular-cytogenetically visible CNVs in human blood leukocytes in vitro. These CNVs occur most likely due to duplications or amplification and tend to inversely correlate with chromosome size and gene density. CNVs can last in cell population as stable chromosomal changes for several days after radiation exposure; therefore this endpoint can be used for characterization of genetic effects of accelerated electrons. These findings should be complemented with other studies and implementation of more sophisticated approaches for CNVs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anzhela Sargsyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmed H. Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
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