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Hogarth KA, Shkumat NA, Goman S, Amirabadi A, Bickford S, Muthusami P, Connolly BL, Maynes JT. Biomarkers of mitochondrial stress and DNA damage during pediatric catheter-directed neuroangiography - a prospective single-center study. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1906-1918. [PMID: 39285018 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-06048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroangiography represents a critical diagnostic and therapeutic imaging modality whose associated radiation may be of concern in children. The availability of in vivo radiation damage markers would represent a key advancement for understanding radiation effects and aid in the development of radioprotective strategies. OBJECTIVE Determine if biomarkers of cellular damage can be detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children undergoing neuroangiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective single-site study of 27 children. Blood collected pre and post neuroangiography, from which PBMC were isolated and assayed for biomarkers of mitochondrial stress (mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and DNA damage (γH2AX). Dose response of biomarkers vs. radiation dose was analyzed using linear regressions. The cohort was divided into higher (HD) and lower dose (LD) groups and analyzed using linear mixed models and compared using Welch's t-tests. RESULTS No biomarker exhibited a dose-dependent response following radiation (γH2AX: R2 = 0.0012, P = 0.86; MMP: R2 = 0.016, P = 0.53; mtDNA: R2 = 0.10, P = 0.11; ROS: R2 = 0.0023, P = 0.81). Groupwise comparisons showed no significant differences in γH2AX or ROS after radiation (γH2AX: LD: 0.6 ± 6.0, P = 0.92; HD: -7.5 ± 6.3 AU, P = 0.24; ROS: LD: 1.3 ± 2.8, P = 0.64; HD: -3.6 ± 3.0 AU, P = 0.24). Significant changes were observed to mitochondrial markers MMP (-53.7 ± 14.7 AU, P = 0.0014) and mtDNA (-1.1 ± 0.4 AU, P = 0.0092) for HD, but not the LD group (MMP: 26.1 ± 14.7 AU, P = 0.090; mtDNA: 0.2 ± 0.4, P = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of mitochondrial stress in PBMC were identified during pediatric neuroangiography and warrant further investigation for radiation biodosimetry. However, isolating radiation-specific effects from those of procedural stress and general anesthesia requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley A Hogarth
- Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Nicholas A Shkumat
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simal Goman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Amirabadi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Bickford
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Paediatric Neurovascular Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prakash Muthusami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Paediatric Neurovascular Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bairbre L Connolly
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Medical Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Program in Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Blakely WF, Port M, Ostheim P, Abend M. Radiation Research Society Journal-based Historical Review of the Use of Biomarkers for Radiation Dose and Injury Assessment: Acute Health Effects Predictions. Radiat Res 2024; 202:185-204. [PMID: 38936821 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A multiple-parameter based approach using radiation-induced clinical signs and symptoms, hematology changes, cytogenetic chromosomal aberrations, and molecular biomarkers changes after radiation exposure is used for biodosimetry-based dose assessment. In the current article, relevant milestones from Radiation Research are documented that forms the basis of the current consensus approach for diagnostics after radiation exposure. For example, in 1962 the use of cytogenetic chromosomal aberration using the lymphocyte metaphase spread dicentric assay for biodosimetry applications was first published in Radiation Research. This assay is now complimented using other cytogenetic chromosomal aberration assays (i.e., chromosomal translocations, cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, γ-H2AX foci, etc.). Changes in blood cell counts represent an early-phase biomarker for radiation exposures. Molecular biomarker changes have evolved to include panels of organ-specific plasma proteomic and blood-based gene expression biomarkers for radiation dose assessment. Maturation of these assays are shown by efforts for automated processing and scoring, development of point-of-care diagnostics devices, service laboratories inter-comparison exercises, and applications for dose and injury assessments in radiation accidents. An alternative and complementary approach has been advocated with the focus to de-emphasize "dose" and instead focus on predicting acute or delayed health effects. The same biomarkers used for dose estimation (e.g., lymphocyte counts) can be used to directly predict the later developing severity degree of acute health effects without performing dose estimation as an additional or intermediate step. This review illustrates contributing steps toward these developments published in Radiation Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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3
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Schüle S, Bunert F, Hackenbroch C, Beer M, Ostheim P, Stewart S, Port M, Scherthan H, Abend M. The Influence of Computed Tomography Contrast Agent on Radiation-Induced Gene Expression and Double-Strand Breaks. Radiat Res 2024; 201:396-405. [PMID: 38282002 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
After nuclear scenarios, combined injuries of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) with, e.g., abdominal trauma, will occur and may require contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans for diagnostic purposes. Here, we investigated the effect of iodinated contrast agents on radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes used for biodosimetry (AEN, BAX, CDKN1A, EDA2R, APOBEC3H) and for hematologic ARS severity prediction (FDXR, DDB2, WNT3, POU2AF1), and on the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) used for biodosimetry. Whole blood samples from 10 healthy donors (5 males, 5 females, mean age: 28 ± 2 years) were irradiated with X rays (0, 1 and 4 Gy) with and without the addition of iodinated contrast agent (0.016 ml contrast agent/ml blood) to the blood prior to the exposure. The amount of contrast agent was set to be equivalent to the blood concentration of an average patient (80 kg) during a contrast-enhanced CT scan. After irradiation, blood samples were incubated at 37°C for 20 min (DSB) and 8 h (GE, DSB). GE was measured employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. DSB foci were revealed by γH2AX + 53BP1 immunostaining and quantified automatically in >927 cells/sample. Radiation-induced differential gene expression (DGE) and DSB foci were calculated using the respective unexposed sample without supplementation of contrast agent as the reference. Neither the GE nor the number of DSB foci was significantly (P = 0.07-0.94) altered by the contrast agent application. However, for some GE and DSB comparisons with/without contrast agent, there were weakly significant differences (P = 0.03-0.04) without an inherent logic and thus are likely due to inter-individual variation. In nuclear events, the diagnostics of combined injuries can require the use of an iodinated contrast agent, which, according to our results, does not alter or influence radiation-induced GE changes and the quantity of DSB foci. Therefore, the gene expression and γH2AX focus assay can still be applied for biodosimetry and/or hematologic ARS severity prediction in such scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, German Armed Force Hospital of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Bunert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Hackenbroch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, German Armed Force Hospital of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
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Jin Z, Dong Z, Zhao X, Hang X, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Chen H, Huang Z, Wang Y, Zhou G, Chang L. Sensitive, rapid detection of NCOA4-m6A towards precisely quantifying radiation dosage on a Cas13a-Microdroplet platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115753. [PMID: 37839351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise quantification of low-dose ionizing radiation is of great significance in protecting people from damage caused by clinical radiotherapy or environmental radiation. Traditional techniques for detecting radiation, however, remain extreme challenges to achieve high sensitivity and speed in quantifying radiation dosage. In this work, we report a Cas13a-Microdroplet platform that enables sensitive detection of ultra-low doses of radiation (0.5 Gy vs. 1 Gy traditional) within 1 h. The micro-platform adopts an ideal, specific radiation-sensitive marker, m6A on NCOA4 gene (NCOA4-m6A) that was first reported in our recent work. Microfluidics of the platform generate uniform microdroplets that encapsulate a CRISPR/Cas13a detection system and NCOA4-m6A target from the whole RNA extraction, achieving 10-fold enhancement in sensitivity and significantly reduced limit of detection (LOD). Systematic mouse models and clinical patient samples demonstrated its superior sensitivity and LOD (0.5 Gy) than traditional qPCR, which show wide potentials in radiation tracking and damage protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinxin Hang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Life Science, University of Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhaocun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yusen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Life Science, University of Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China; School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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5
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Ramadhani D, Tetriana D, Purnami S, Suvifan VA, Kurnia Hasan Basri I, Kisnanto T, Oktariyani TA, Syafira D, Yunus MY, Miura T, Syaifudin M, Widowati R. γ-H2AX and phospho-ATM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as biodosimetry methods for radiation exposure assessment: a pilot study. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2383-2390. [PMID: 37712393 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a radiological incident, a fast and accurate biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) method for evaluating people who have been potentially exposed to ionising radiation is crucial. Among the many biodosimetry methods available, the immunodetection of phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) stands as a promising method to be used in the triage of patients exposed to radiation. Currently, the most common way to measure γ-H2AX levels is through fluorescence microscopy. In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying γ-H2AX for biodosimetry purposes. Moreover, the usefulness of measuring phosphorylated ATM (pATM) levels through ELISA for biodosimetry was also evaluated. Blood samples were obtained from three male donors (38 y) and were irradiated with 60Co (0, 1, 2 and 6 Gy). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and lysed before measuring γ-H2AX, total H2AX protein and pATM using ELISA kits. The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) using whole blood was also performed for comparison. Data from all donors at each dose were pooled before statistical analysis. The ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM levels increased in a radiation-dose-dependent manner. The average γ-H2AX/total H2AX ratios were 0.816 ± 0.219, 0.830 ± 0.685, 1.276 ± 1.151 and 1.606 ± 1.098, whereas the average levels of pATM were 59.359 ± 3.740, 63.366 ± 0.840, 66.273 ± 2.603 and 69.936 ± 4.439, in PBMCs exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 6 Gy, respectively. The linear-quadratic dose-response calibration curve for DCA was Y = 0.0017 (±0.0010) + 0.0251 (±0.0142) × D + 0.0342 (±0.0039) × D2 $\boldsymbol{Y}=\mathbf{0.0017}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0010}\right)+\mathbf{0.0208}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0218}\right)\times \boldsymbol{D}+\mathbf{0.0350}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0050}\right)\times{\boldsymbol{D}}^{\mathbf{2}}$. Overall, despite a large variability in the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX among donors, the present study revealed the suitability of using the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM for biodosimetry. Still, more research with a larger group of subjects is necessary to construct a reliable calibration curve for the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM levels for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Ramadhani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Devita Tetriana
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Viria Agesti Suvifan
- Directorate of Strengthening and Partnership of Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. M.H.Thamrin No.8, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Iin Kurnia Hasan Basri
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Teja Kisnanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Andalya Oktariyani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Azhar University of Indonesia, Komplek Masjid Agung Al Azhar Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta Selatan, Kebayoran Baru 12110, Indonesia
| | - Dira Syafira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Azhar University of Indonesia, Komplek Masjid Agung Al Azhar Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta Selatan, Kebayoran Baru 12110, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Yasin Yunus
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Retno Widowati
- Department of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jl. Sawo Manila, Pejaten Ps. Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12520, Indonesia
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Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA. Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1477-1484. [PMID: 37721060 PMCID: PMC10720693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual's response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments. The measurement of biomarkers of exposure in medicine and for accidents, where a larger number of samples would be required, is limited by the throughput of analysis (i.e. the number of samples that could be processed and analysed), particularly for microscope-based methods, which tend to be labour-intensive. Rapid analysis in an emergency scenario, such as a large-scale accident, would provide dose estimates to medical practitioners, allowing timely administration of the appropriate medical countermeasures to help mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In order to improve sample throughput for biomarker analysis, much effort has been devoted to automating the process from sample preparation through automated image analysis. This paper will focus mainly on biological endpoints traditionally analysed by microscopy, specifically dicentric chromosomes, micronuclei and gamma-H2AX. These endpoints provide examples where sample throughput has been improved through automated image acquisition, analysis of images acquired by microscopy, as well as methods that have been developed for analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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Schüle S, Hackenbroch C, Beer M, Muhtadi R, Hermann C, Stewart S, Schwanke D, Ostheim P, Port M, Scherthan H, Abend M. Ex-vivo dose response characterization of the recently identified EDA2R gene after low level radiation exposures and comparison with FDXR gene expression and the γH2AX focus assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1584-1594. [PMID: 36988552 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, promising radiation-induced EDA2R gene expression (GE) changes after low level radiation could be shown. Stimulated by that, in this study, we intended to independently validate these findings and to further characterize dose-response relationships in comparison to FDXR and the γH2AX-DNA double-strand break (DSB) focus assay, since both assays are already widely used for biodosimetry purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from six healthy human donors were irradiated ex vivo (dose: ranging from 2.6 to 49.7 mGy). Subsequently, the fold-differences relative to the sham irradiated reference group were calculated. Radiation-induced changes in GE of FDXR and EDA2R were examined using the quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR). DSB foci were quantified in 100 γH2AX + 53BP1 immunostained cells employing fluorescence microscopy. Examinations were performed at single time points enabling sufficient detection of both endpoints. RESULTS A significant increase in EDA2R GE relative to the unexposed control was observed in the range of 2.6 mGy (1.6-fold, p = .045) to 5.4 mGy (2.2-fold, p = .0002), whereas the copy numbers increased linearly up to 13.1-fold at 49.7 mGy. On the contrary, FDXR upregulation (2.2-fold) became significant after a 22.6 mGy exposure (p ≤ .02) and increased linearly up to 4-fold at 49.7 mGy. A significant increase in radiation-induced foci (relative to unexposed, RIF-fd) was observed after 11.3 mGy (RIF-fd: 1.5 ± 0.5, p ≤ .03), while the foci increased linearly up to 3-fold at 49.7 mGy. From this, the FDXR and RIF-fd slopes have shown comparability, while the EDA2R slope was five times higher. Nevertheless, the coefficient of variation (CV) of EDA2R was about 30% higher than for RIF-fd. CONCLUSION Higher radiation-induced EDA2R GE changes and a lower radiation detection level compared to RIF-fd and FDXR GE changes examined under optimal conditions ex vivo on human samples appear promising. Yet, our results represent just the beginning of further studies to be conducted in animal models for further time- and dose-dependent evaluation and additional examinations on radiologically examined patients to evaluate the impact of confounder, such as age, sex, social behavior, or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Hackenbroch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, German Armed Force Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Evaluation of γ-H2AX foci distribution among different peripheral blood mononucleated cell subtypes. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1550-1558. [PMID: 36862979 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detection of γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) has been incorporated as an early assay for biological dosimetry. However, overdispersion in the γ-H2AX foci distribution is generally reported. In a previous study from our group, it was suggested that overdispersion could be caused by the fact that when evaluating PBMCs, different cell subtypes are analyzed, and that these could differ in their radiosensitivity. This would cause a mixture of different frequencies that would result in the overdispersion observed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate both the possible differences in the radiosensitivities of the different cell subtypes present in the PBMCs and to evaluate the distribution of γ-H2AX foci in each cell subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from three healthy donors were obtained and total PBMCs, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells were separated. Cells were irradiated with 1 and 2 Gy and incubated at 37 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Sham-irradiated cells were also analyzed. γ-H2AX foci were detected after immunofluorescence staining and analyzed automatically using a Metafer Scanning System. For each condition, 250 nuclei were considered. RESULTS When the results from each donor were compared, no observable significant differences between donors were observed. When the different cell subtypes were compared, CD8+ cells showed the highest mean of γ-H2AX foci in all post-irradiation time points. The cell type that showed the lowest γ-H2AX foci frequency was CD56+. The frequencies observed in CD4+ and CD19+ cells fluctuated between CD8+ and CD56+ without any clear pattern. For all cell types evaluated, and at all post-irradiation times, overdispersion in γ-H2AX foci distribution was significant. Independent of the cell type evaluated the value of the variance was four times greater than that of the mean. CONCLUSION Although different PBMC subsets studied showed different radiation sensitivity, these differences did not explain the overdispersion observed in the γ-H2AX foci distribution after exposure to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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9
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Lee Y, Wang Q, Seong KM, Turner HC. High-Throughput γ-H2AX Assay Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2635:123-134. [PMID: 37074660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The γ-H2AX assay is a sensitive and reliable method to evaluate radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. The conventional γ-H2AX assay detects individual nuclear foci manually, but is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and hence unsuitable for high-throughput screening in cases of large-scale radiation accidents. We have developed a high-throughput γ-H2AX assay using imaging flow cytometry. This method comprises (1) sample preparation from small volumes of blood in the Matrix™ 96-tube format, (2) automated image acquisition of cells stained with immunofluorescence-labeled γ-H2AX using ImageStream®X, and (3) quantification of γ-H2AX levels and batch processing using the Image Data Exploration and Analysis Software (IDEAS®). This enables the rapid analysis of γ-H2AX levels in several thousand of cells from a small volume of blood with accurate and reliable quantitative measurements for γ-H2AX foci and mean fluorescence levels. This high-throughput γ-H2AX assay could be a useful tool not only for radiation biodosimetry in mass casualty events, but also for large-scale molecular epidemiological studies and individualized radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Chaurasia RK, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Bhat NN, Sapra BK. Establishment of in vitro Calibration Curve for 60Co-γ-rays Induced Phospho-53BP1 Foci, Rapid Biodosimetry and Initial Triage, and Comparative Evaluations With γH2AX and Cytogenetic Assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845200. [PMID: 36003625 PMCID: PMC9393360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry of populations exposed to ionizing radiation in the event of an incident or accident is crucial for initial triage and medical attention. DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) are indicative of radiation exposure, and DSB-repair proteins (53BP1, γH2AX, ATM, etc.) are considered sensitive markers of DSB quantification. Phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX immunofluorescence technique serves as a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible tool for the detection and quantification of DSB-repair proteins, which can be used for biological dose estimations. In this study, dose-response curves were generated for 60Co-γ-rays induced phospho-53 Binding Protein 1 (phospho-53BP1) foci at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h, post-irradiation for a dose range of 0.05–4 Gy using fluorescence microscopy. Following ISO recommendations, minimum detection limits (MDLs) were estimated to be 16, 18, 25, 40, 50, and 75 mGy for dose-response curves generated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h post-irradiation. Colocalization and correlation of phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX were also measured in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to gain dual confirmation. Comparative evaluation of the established curve was made by γH2AX-immunofluorescence, dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), and reciprocal translocation (RT) assays by reconstructing the dose of 6 dose-blinded samples. Coefficients of respective in-house established dose-response curves were employed to reconstruct the blind doses. Estimated doses were within the variation of 4.124%. For lower doses (0.052 Gy), phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX assays gave closer estimates with the variation of −4.1 to + 9% in comparison to cytogenetic assays, where variations were −8.5 to 24%. For higher doses (3 and 4 Gy), both the cytogenetic and immunofluorescence (phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX), assays gave comparable close estimates, with −11.3 to + 14.3% and −10.3 to −13.7%, variations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
| | - Kapil B. Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha N. Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Nagesh N. Bhat
| | - B. K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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11
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Classifier Spot Count Optimization of Automated Fluorescent Slide Scanning System. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent the most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. Although several approaches and software packages were developed for the quantification of IRIF, not one of them was commonly accepted and inter-laboratory variability in the outputs was reported. In this study, the sensitization of Metafer software to counting also small appearing IRIF was validated.
Materials and Methods: Human lymphocytes were γ-irradiated at a dose of 2 Gy. The cells were fixed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 18 hours post-irradiation, permeabilized and IRIF were immunostained using appropriate antibodies. Cell images were acquired with the automatic Metafer system. Radiation-induced γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were enumerated using either manual counting (JCountPro program) or the Metafer software (after its classifier optimization has been done) and compared. The statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA.
Results: The enumeration of 53BP1, γH2AX foci manually by JCountPro did not statistically significantly differ from the automatic one performed with the optimized Metafer classifier. A detailed step-by-step protocol of this successful optimization is described in this study.
Conclusions: We concluded that the Metafer software after the optimization was efficient in objectively enumerating IRIF, having a potential for usage in clinics and molecular epidemiology.
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A deep learning model (FociRad) for automated detection of γ-H2AX foci and radiation dose estimation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5527. [PMID: 35365702 PMCID: PMC8975967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal form of damage to cells from irradiation. γ-H2AX (phosphorylated form of H2AX histone variant) has become one of the most reliable and sensitive biomarkers of DNA DSBs. However, the γ-H2AX foci assay still has limitations in the time consumed for manual scoring and possible variability between scorers. This study proposed a novel automated foci scoring method using a deep convolutional neural network based on a You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) algorithm to quantify γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood samples. FociRad, a two-stage deep learning approach, consisted of mononuclear cell (MNC) and γ-H2AX foci detections. Whole blood samples were irradiated with X-rays from a 6 MV linear accelerator at 1, 2, 4 or 6 Gy. Images were captured using confocal microscopy. Then, dose-response calibration curves were established and implemented with unseen dataset. The results of the FociRad model were comparable with manual scoring. MNC detection yielded 96.6% accuracy, 96.7% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. γ-H2AX foci detection showed very good F1 scores (> 0.9). Implementation of calibration curve in the range of 0-4 Gy gave mean absolute difference of estimated doses less than 1 Gy compared to actual doses. In addition, the evaluation times of FociRad were very short (< 0.5 min per 100 images), while the time for manual scoring increased with the number of foci. In conclusion, FociRad was the first automated foci scoring method to use a YOLO algorithm with high detection performance and fast evaluation time, which opens the door for large-scale applications in radiation triage.
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13
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Wanotayan R, Wongsanit S, Boonsirichai K, Sukapirom K, Buppaungkul S, Charoenphun P, Songprakhon P, Jangpatarapongsa K, Uttayarat P. Quantification of histone H2AX phosphorylation in white blood cells induced by ex vivo gamma irradiation of whole blood by both flow cytometry and foci counting as a dose estimation in rapid triage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265643. [PMID: 35320288 PMCID: PMC8942256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick, reliable, and reproducible biological assay to distinguish individuals with possible life-threatening risk following radiological or nuclear incidents remains a quest in biodosimetry. In this paper, we examined the use of a γ-H2AX assay as an early dose estimation for rapid triage based on both flow cytometry and image analyses. In the experiment, whole blood from 11 donors was irradiated ex vivo inside a water phantom by gamma rays from Co-60 at 0.51 Gy/min. After the lysis of red blood cells, the white blood cells were collected for immunofluorescence labeling of γ-H2AX, CD45, and nuclear stained for signal collection and visualization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased linearly with absorbed doses from 0 to 6 Gy with a large variation among individuals observed above 2 Gy. The relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes assessed by two different laboratories were highly correlated (ICC = 0.979). Using confocal microscopic images, γ-H2AX foci were observed to be discretely distributed inside the nuclei and to increase proportionally with doses from 0 to 2 Gy, whereas large plagues of merged foci appeared at 4 and 6 Gy, resulting in the saturation of foci counts above 4 Gy. The number of total foci per cell as well as the number of foci per plane were significantly different at 0 vs 1 and 2 vs 4 Gy doses (p < 0.01). Blind tests at 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy doses showed that dose estimation by flow cytometry had a mean absolute difference of less than 0.5 Gy from the actual value. In conclusion, while flow cytometry can provide a dose estimation with an uncertainty of 0.5 Gy at doses ≤ 1 Gy, foci counting can identify merged foci that are prominent at doses ≥ 4 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Wanotayan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Radiological Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail: , (PU); , (RW)
| | - Sarinya Wongsanit
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Boonsirichai
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Kasama Sukapirom
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Buppaungkul
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL), Bureau of Radiation and Medical Devices, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Putthiporn Charoenphun
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pucharee Songprakhon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Research Department, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pimpon Uttayarat
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
- * E-mail: , (PU); , (RW)
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14
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Ribas M, Carrasco P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Establishment and validation of surface model for biodosimetry based on γ-H2AX foci detection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1-10. [PMID: 34705602 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the event of a radiation accident detecting γ-H2AX foci is being accepted as fast method for triage and dose assessment. However, due to their disappearance kinetics, published calibrations have been constructed at specific post-irradiation times. OBJECTIVES To develop a surface, or tridimensional, model to estimate doses at times not included in the calibration analysis, and to validate it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calibration data was obtained irradiating peripheral mononucleated cells from one donor with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 3 Gy, and γ -H2AX foci were detected microscopically using a semi-automatic method, at different post-irradiation times from 0.5 to 24 h. For validation, in addition to the above-mentioned donor, blood samples from another donor were also used. Validation was done within the range of doses and post-irradiation times used in the calibration. RESULTS The calibration data clearly shows that at each analyzed time, the γ-H2AX foci frequency increases as dose increases, and for each dose this frequency decreases with post-irradiation time. The γ-H2AX foci nucleus distribution was clearly overdispersed, for this reason to obtain bidimensional and tridimensional dose-effect relationships no probability distribution was assumed, and linear and non-linear least squares weighted regression was used. In the two validation exercises for most evaluated samples, the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose were between ±0.5 Gy of the real dose. No major differences were observed between donors. CONCLUSION In case of a suspected overexposure to radiation, the surface model here presented allows a correct dose estimation using γ-H2AX foci as biomarker. The advantage of this surface model is that it can be used at any post-irradiation time, in our model between 0.5 and 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Carrasco
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan F Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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15
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Jakl L, Kozackova M, Markova E, Vigasova K, Beresova K, Jakubikova J, Horvathova E, Zastko L, Fekete M, Zavacka I, Pobijakova M, Belyaev I. Imaging flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy in assessing radiation response in lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood and cancer patients. Cytometry A 2021; 99:1198-1208. [PMID: 34089242 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSB) induced by ionizing radiation (IR) are usually measured using γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci, that is considered to be the most sensitive assay for DSB analysis. While fluorescence microscopy (FM) is the gold standard for this analysis, imaging flow cytometry (IFC) may offer number of advantages such as lack of the fluorescence background, higher number of cells analyzed, and higher sensitivity in detection of DNA damage induced by IR at low doses. Along with appearance of γH2AX foci, the variable fraction of the cells exhibits homogeneously stained γH2AX signal resulting in so-called γH2AX pan-staining, which is believed to appear at early stages of apoptosis. Here, we investigated incidence of γH2AX pan-staining at different time points after irradiation with γ-rays using IFC and compared the obtained data with the data from FM. Appearance of γH2AX pan-staining during the apoptotic process was further analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells at different stages of apoptosis and subsequent immunofluorescence analysis. Our results show that IFC was able to reveal dose dependence of pan-staining, while FM failed to detect all pan-staining cells. Moreover, we found that γH2AX pan-staining could be induced by therapeutic, but not low doses of γ-rays and correlate well with percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed using flow cytometric Annexin-V/7-AAD assay. Further investigations showed that γH2AX pan-staining is formed in the early phases of apoptosis and remains until later stages of apoptotic process. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation as detected with comet assay using FM correlated with the percentage of live and late apoptotic/necrotic cells as analyzed by flow cytometry. Lastly, we successfully tested IFC for detection of γH2AX pan-staining and γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci in lymphocyte of breast cancer patients after radiotherapy, which may be useful for assessing individual radiosensitivity in a clinically relevant cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Kozackova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Beresova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Horvathova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucian Zastko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Fekete
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zavacka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margita Pobijakova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Evaluation of Calyculin A Effect on γH2AX/53BP1 Focus Formation and Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115470. [PMID: 34067339 PMCID: PMC8196852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dephosphorylation inhibitor calyculin A (cal A) has been reported to inhibit the disappearance of radiation-induced γH2AX DNA repair foci in human lymphocytes. However, other studies reported no change in the kinetics of γH2AX focus induction and loss in irradiated cells. While apoptosis might interplay with the kinetics of focus formation, it was not followed in irradiated cells along with DNA repair foci. Thus, to validate plausible explanations for significant variability in outputs of these studies, we evaluated the effect of cal A (1 and 10 nM) on γH2AX/53BP1 DNA repair foci and apoptosis in irradiated (1, 5, 10, and 100 cGy) human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) using automated fluorescence microscopy and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay/γH2AX pan-staining, respectively. No effect of cal A on γH2AX and colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 foci induced by low doses (≤10 cGy) of γ-rays was observed. Moreover, 10 nM cal A treatment decreased the number of all types of DNA repair foci induced by 100 cGy irradiation. 10 nM cal A treatment induced apoptosis already at 2 h of treatment, independently from the delivered dose. Apoptosis was also detected in UCBL treated with lower cal A concentration, 1 nM, at longer cell incubation, 20 and 44 h. Our data suggest that apoptosis triggered by cal A in UCBL may underlie the failure of cal A to maintain radiation-induced γH2AX foci. All DSB molecular markers used in this study responded linearly to low-dose irradiation. Therefore, their combination may represent a strong biodosimetry tool for estimation of radiation response to low doses. Assessment of colocalized γH2AX/53BP1 improved the threshold of low dose detection.
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Errington A, Einbeck J, Cumming J, Rössler U, Endesfelder D. The effect of data aggregation on dispersion estimates in count data models. Int J Biostat 2021; 18:183-202. [PMID: 33962495 DOI: 10.1515/ijb-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For the modelling of count data, aggregation of the raw data over certain subgroups or predictor configurations is common practice. This is, for instance, the case for count data biomarkers of radiation exposure. Under the Poisson law, count data can be aggregated without loss of information on the Poisson parameter, which remains true if the Poisson assumption is relaxed towards quasi-Poisson. However, in biodosimetry in particular, but also beyond, the question of how the dispersion estimates for quasi-Poisson models behave under data aggregation have received little attention. Indeed, for real data sets featuring unexplained heterogeneities, dispersion estimates can increase strongly after aggregation, an effect which we will demonstrate and quantify explicitly for some scenarios. The increase in dispersion estimates implies an inflation of the parameter standard errors, which, however, by comparison with random effect models, can be shown to serve a corrective purpose. The phenomena are illustrated by γ-H2AX foci data as used for instance in radiation biodosimetry for the calibration of dose-response curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Errington
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jochen Einbeck
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Jonathan Cumming
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Ute Rössler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS), Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Chaurasia RK, Bhat NN, Gaur N, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Sapra BK. Establishment and multiparametric-cytogenetic validation of 60Co-gamma-ray induced, phospho-gamma-H2AX calibration curve for rapid biodosimetry and triage management during radiological emergencies. Mutat Res 2021; 866:503354. [PMID: 33985694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is unavoidable to our modern developing society as its applications are widespread and increasing with societal development. The exposures may be planned as in medical applications or may be unplanned as in occupational work and radiological emergencies. Dose quantification of planned and unplanned exposures is essential to make crucial decisions for management of such exposures. This study aims to establish ex-vivo dose-response curve for 60Co-gamma-ray induced gamma-H2AX-foci by immunofluorescence using microscopy and flowcytometry with human lymphocytes. This technique has the potential to serve as a rapid tool for dose estimation and triage application during small to large scale radiological emergencies and clinical exposures. Response curves were generated for the dose range 0-4 Gy (at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation after irradiation) with microscopy and 0-8 Gy (at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h of incubation after irradiation) with flow cytometry. These curves can be applied for dose reconstruction when post exposure sampling is delayed up to 96 h. In order to evaluate Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) of the assay, variation of background frequency of gamma-H2AX-foci was measured in 12 volunteers. To understand the application window of the assay, gamma-H2AX foci decay kinetics has been studied up to 96 h with microscopy and response curves were generated from 1 to 96 hours post exposure. Gamma-H2AX fluorescence intensity decay kinetics was also studied up to 96 h with flow cytometry and response curves were generated from 2 to 24 hours post irradiation. Established curves were validated with dose blinded samples and also compared with standard cytogenetic assays. An inter-comparison of dose estimates was made among gamma-H2AX assay, dicentric aberrations and reciprocal translocations for application window in various dose ranges and time of blood collection after exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - N N Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Neeraj Gaur
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - K B Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - U N Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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Bensimon Etzol J, Rizzi Y, Gateau T, Guersen J, Pereira B, Gouzou E, Lanaret M, Grand O, Bettencourt C, Bouvet S, Ugolin N, Chevillard S, Boyer L. Biodosimetry in interventional radiology: cutaneous-based immunoassay for anticipating risks of dermatitis. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7476-7483. [PMID: 33791818 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventional radiology procedures expose individuals to ionizing radiation. However, existing dosimetry methods do not provide the dose effectively absorbed to the skin, and do not consider the patient's individual response to irradiation. To resolve this lack of dosimetry data, we developed a new external irradiation biodosimetry device, DosiKit, based on the dose-dependent relationship between irradiation dose and radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation in hair follicles. This new biological method was tested in Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital to evaluate the assay performances in the medical field and to estimate DosiKit sensitivity threshold. METHODS DosiKit was tested over 95 patients treated with neuroradiological interventions. For each intervention, lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure total dose received at each hair collection point (lateral and occipital skull areas), and conventional indirect dosimetry parameters were collected with a Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System (DACS). RESULTS Quantitative measurement of radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation was performed on 174 hair samples before and after the radiation exposure and 105 samples showed a notable induction of gammaH2AX protein after the radiological procedure. According to a statistical analysis, the threshold sensitivity of the DosiKit immunoassay was estimated around 700 mGy. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we showed that DosiKit provides a useful way for mapping the actually absorbed doses, allowing to identify patients overexposed in interventional radiology procedures, and thus for anticipating risk of developing dermatitis. KEY POINTS • DosiKit is a new external irradiation biodosimetry device, based on the dose-dependent relationship between irradiation dose and radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation in hair follicles. • DosiKit was tested over 95 patients treated with neuroradiological interventions. • The threshold sensitivity of the DosiKit immunoassay was estimated around 700 mGy and DosiKit provides a useful way for mapping the actually absorbed doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine Rizzi
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Theo Gateau
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joel Guersen
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité de Biostatistiques (DRCI), CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Gouzou
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Lanaret
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oceane Grand
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Ugolin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Louis Boyer
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,TGI Institut Pascal UMR 6602 CNRS UCA SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020221. [PMID: 33540787 PMCID: PMC7912984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabic gum (Acacia senegal, AG) is proven effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to test this notion by investigating the possible role of AG against the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate, Telebrix-35®, TBX)-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Albino rats were divided into four groups and supplied with either; distilled water, daily 10% (w/v) AG, an intravenous dose of TBX (1600 mg I/kg b.wt) and co-administration of TBX and AG. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess the genotoxicity employing the peripheral blood leucocytes fluorescent double staining; namely the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and alkaline comet assay. Further, chromosomal analyses were done in bone marrow cells. Serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney tissues were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of AG extract. Kidney functions, single/double-stranded DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, MDA and NO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in TBX-treated group compared to the control and AG-treated one. Meanwhile, CAT and GSH activities were significantly diminished and the AG supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated these effects compared with the control and AG-treated groups. Five compounds have been identified using GNPS networking including 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, Noscapine, Tetrahydropapaveroline, Costunolide, Hesperidin. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that AG exerted a protective role against TBX-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity which may be attributed to the active metabolites in the gum.
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Vinnikov V, Hande MP, Wilkins R, Wojcik A, Zubizarreta E, Belyakov O. Prediction of the Acute or Late Radiation Toxicity Effects in Radiotherapy Patients Using Ex Vivo Induced Biodosimetric Markers: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 33339312 PMCID: PMC7766345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for effective methods for the assessment of patients' individual response to radiation is one of the important tasks of clinical radiobiology. This review summarizes available data on the use of ex vivo cytogenetic markers, typically used for biodosimetry, for the prediction of individual clinical radiosensitivity (normal tissue toxicity, NTT) in cells of cancer patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation. In approximately 50% of the relevant reports, selected for the analysis in peer-reviewed international journals, the average ex vivo induced yield of these biodosimetric markers was higher in patients with severe reactions than in patients with a lower grade of NTT. Also, a significant correlation was sometimes found between the biodosimetric marker yield and the severity of acute or late NTT reactions at an individual level, but this observation was not unequivocally proven. A similar controversy of published results was found regarding the attempts to apply G2- and γH2AX foci assays for NTT prediction. A correlation between ex vivo cytogenetic biomarker yields and NTT occurred most frequently when chromosome aberrations (not micronuclei) were measured in lymphocytes (not fibroblasts) irradiated to relatively high doses (4-6 Gy, not 2 Gy) in patients with various grades of late (not early) radiotherapy (RT) morbidity. The limitations of existing approaches are discussed, and recommendations on the improvement of the ex vivo cytogenetic testing for NTT prediction are provided. However, the efficiency of these methods still needs to be validated in properly organized clinical trials involving large and verified patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Vinnikov
- S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada;
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Room 515, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
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22
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Potential application of γ-H2AX as a biodosimetry tool for radiation triage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108350. [PMID: 34083048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation triage and biological dosimetry are two initial steps in the medical management of exposed individuals following radiological accidents. Well established biodosimetry methods such as the dicentric (DC) assay, micronucleus (MN) assay, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay (for residual damage) have been used for this purpose for several decades. Recent advances in scoring methodology and networking among established laboratories have increased triage capacity; however, these methods still have limitations in analysing large sample numbers, particularly because of the ∼ 48 h minimum culture time required prior to analysis. Hence, there is a need for simple, and high throughput markers to identify exposed individuals in case of radiological/nuclear emergencies. In recent years, a few markers were identified, one being phosphorylated histone 2AX (γ-H2AX), which measured a nuclear foci or nuclear staining intensity that was found to be suitable for triage. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci formed at and around the sites of DNA double-strand breaks is a rapid and sensitive biodosimetry method which does not require culturing and is thus promising for the analysis of a large number of samples. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments of γ-H2AX assay in radiation triage and biodosimetry, focusing chiefly on: i) the importance of baseline frequency and reported values among different laboratories, ii) the influence of known and unknown variables on dose estimation, iii) quality assurance such as inter-laboratory comparison between scorers and scoring methods, and iv) current limitations and potential for future development.
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Xi C, Zhao H, Lu X, Cai TJ, Li S, Liu KH, Tian M, Liu QJ. Screening of Lipids for Early Triage and Dose Estimation after Acute Radiation Exposure in Rat Plasma Based on Targeted Lipidomics Analysis. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:576-590. [PMID: 33200940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid early triage and dose estimation is vital for limited medical resource allocation and treatment of a large number of the wounded after radiological accidents. Lipidomics has been utilized to delineate biofluid lipid signatures after irradiation. Here, high-coverage targeted lipidomics was employed to screen radiosensitive lipids after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 Gy total body irradiation at 4, 24, and 72 h postirradiation in rat plasma. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a multiple reaction monitoring method was utilized. In total, 416 individual lipids from 18 major classes were quantified and those biomarkers altered in a dose-dependent manner constituted panel A-panel D. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis using combined lipids showed good to excellent sensitivity and specificity in triaging different radiation exposure levels (area under curve = 0.814-1.000). The equations for dose estimation were established by stepwise regression analysis for three time points. A novel strategy for radiation early triage and dose estimation was first established and validated using panels of lipids. Our study suggests that it is feasible to acquire quantitative lipid biomarker panels using targeted lipidomics platforms for rapid, high-throughput triage, which can provide further insights in developing lipidomics strategies for radiation biodosimetry in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
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Sadeghi F, Asgari M, Matloubi M, Ranjbar M, Karkhaneh Yousefi N, Azari T, Zaki-Dizaji M. Molecular contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 to genome instability in breast cancer patients: review of radiosensitivity assays. Biol Proced Online 2020; 22:23. [PMID: 33013205 PMCID: PMC7528506 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-020-00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA repair pathways, cell cycle arrest checkpoints, and cell death induction are present in cells to process DNA damage and prevent genomic instability caused by various extrinsic and intrinsic ionizing factors. Mutations in the genes involved in these pathways enhances the ionizing radiation sensitivity, reduces the individual's capacity to repair DNA damages, and subsequently increases susceptibility to tumorigenesis. BODY BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two highly penetrant genes involved in the inherited breast cancer and contribute to different DNA damage pathways and cell cycle and apoptosis cascades. Mutations in these genes have been associated with hypersensitivity and genetic instability as well as manifesting severe radiotherapy complications in breast cancer patients. The genomic instability and DNA repair capacity of breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations have been analyzed in different studies using a variety of assays, including micronucleus assay, comet assay, chromosomal assay, colony-forming assay, γ -H2AX and 53BP1 biomarkers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The majority of studies confirmed the enhanced spontaneous & radiation-induced radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Using G2 micronucleus assay and G2 chromosomal assay, most studies have reported the lymphocyte of healthy carriers with BRCA1 mutation are hypersensitive to invitro ionizing radiation compared to non-carriers without a history of breast cancer. However, it seems this approach is not likely to be useful to distinguish the BRCA carriers from non-carrier with familial history of breast cancer. CONCLUSION In overall, breast cancer patients are more radiosensitive compared to healthy control; however, inconsistent results exist about the ability of current radiosensitive techniques in screening BRCA1/2 carriers or those susceptible to radiotherapy complications. Therefore, developing further radiosensitivity assay is still warranted to evaluate the DNA repair capacity of individuals with BRCA1/2 mutations and serve as a predictive factor for increased risk of cancer mainly in the relatives of breast cancer patients. Moreover, it can provide more evidence about who is susceptible to manifest severe complication after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asgari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Kargar Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Matloubi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Ranjbar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Karkhaneh Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Azari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kohl Y, Rundén-Pran E, Mariussen E, Hesler M, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Dusinska M. Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1911. [PMID: 32992722 PMCID: PMC7601632 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic events can appear at both the DNA, chromosomal or (during mitosis) whole genome level. The study of mechanisms leading to genotoxicity is crucially important, as well as the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds. We consider the current state of the art and describe here the main endpoints applied in standard human in vitro models as well as new advanced 3D models that are closer to the in vivo situation. We performed a literature review of in vitro studies published from 2000-2020 (August) dedicated to the genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in new models. Methods suitable for detection of genotoxicity of NMs will be presented with a focus on advances in miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip and high throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
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Giussani A, Lopez MA, Romm H, Testa A, Ainsbury EA, Degteva M, Della Monaca S, Etherington G, Fattibene P, Güclu I, Jaworska A, Lloyd DC, Malátová I, McComish S, Melo D, Osko J, Rojo A, Roch-Lefevre S, Roy L, Shishkina E, Sotnik N, Tolmachev SY, Wieser A, Woda C, Youngman M. Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:357-387. [PMID: 32372284 PMCID: PMC7369133 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an overview of the applications of retrospective dosimetry techniques in case of incorporation of radionuclides. The fact that internal exposures are characterized by a spatially inhomogeneous irradiation of the body, which is potentially prolonged over large periods and variable over time, is particularly problematic for biological and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry methods when compared with external exposures. The paper gives initially specific information about internal dosimetry methods, the most common cytogenetic techniques used in biological dosimetry and EPR dosimetry applied to tooth enamel. Based on real-case scenarios, dose estimates obtained from bioassay data as well as with biological and/or EPR dosimetry are compared and critically discussed. In most of the scenarios presented, concomitant external exposures were responsible for the greater portion of the received dose. As no assay is available which can discriminate between radiation of different types and different LETs on the basis of the type of damage induced, it is not possible to infer from these studies specific conclusions valid for incorporated radionuclides alone. The biological dosimetry assays and EPR techniques proved to be most applicable in cases when the radionuclides are almost homogeneously distributed in the body. No compelling evidence was obtained in other cases of extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Retrospective dosimetry needs to be optimized and further developed in order to be able to deal with real exposure cases, where a mixture of both external and internal exposures will be encountered most of the times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giussani
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - M A Lopez
- CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Av.da Complutense 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Romm
- BfS-Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - A Testa
- ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - M Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
| | - S Della Monaca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Etherington
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - I Güclu
- Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center Radiobiology Unit Yarımburgaz, Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Jaworska
- DSA-Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Skøyen, P. O. Box 329, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - D C Lloyd
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
| | - I Malátová
- SURO-National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoskova 28, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S McComish
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - D Melo
- Melohill Technology, 1 Research Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - J Osko
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Soltana 7, 05400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Rojo
- ARN-Nuclear Regulatory Authority of Argentina, Av. del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Roch-Lefevre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Pôle Santé et Environnement, Direction de la Santé, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - E Shishkina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM), Vorovskt str. 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141, Russia
- Chelyabinsk State University (ChelSU), 129, Bratiev Kashirinih Street, Chelyabinsk, 454001, Russia
| | - N Sotnik
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, 456780, Russia
| | - S Y Tolmachev
- US Transuranium and Uranium Registries, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Woda
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Youngman
- Public Health England - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, Oxon, UK
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Bucher M, Duchrow L, Endesfelder D, Roessler U, Gomolka M. Comparison of inexperienced operators and experts in γH2A.X and 53BP1 foci assay for high-throughput biodosimetry approaches in a mass casualty incident. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1263-1273. [PMID: 32673132 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In case of population exposure by ionizing radiation, a fast and reliable dose assessment of exposed and non-exposed individuals is crucial important. In initial triage, physicians have to take fast decisions whom to treat with adequate medical care. In addition, worries about significant exposure can be taken away from hundreds to thousands non- or low exposed individuals. Studies have shown that the γH2A.X radiation-induced foci assay is a promising test for fast triage decisions. However, in a large-scale scenario most biodosimetry laboratories will quickly reach their capacity limit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of inexperienced experimenters to speed up the foci assay and manual foci scoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants of two training courses performed the radiation-induced foci assay (γH2A.X) under the guidance of experts and scored foci (γH2A.X and 53BP1) on sham-irradiated and irradiated blood samples (0.05-1.5 Gy). The outcome of laboratory experiments and manual foci scoring by 26 operators with basic experience in laboratory work was statistically analyzed in comparison to the results from experts. RESULTS Inexperienced operators prepared slides with significant dose-effects (0, 0.1 and 1.0 Gy) for semi-automatic microscopic analyses. Manual foci scoring by inexperienced scorer resulted in a dose-effect curve for γH2A.X, 53BP1 and co-localized foci. In addition, inexperienced scorers were able to distinguish low irradiation doses from unirradiated cells. While 53BP1 foci scoring was in accordance to the expert counting, differences between beginners and expert increased for γH2A.X or co-localized foci. CONCLUSIONS In case of a large-scale radiation event, inexperienced staff is useful to support laboratories in slide preparation for semi-automatic foci counting as well as γH2A.X and 53BP1 manual foci scoring for triage-mode biodosimetry. Slides can be clearly classified in the non-, low- or high-exposed category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bucher
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Duchrow
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Roessler
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
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Suto Y, Tominaga T, Akiyama M, Hirai M. Cytogenetic Examination of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Cryopreserved after Gamma Irradiation: A Pilot Study. CYTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.85.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Suto
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Takako Tominaga
- Department of Radiation Emergency Management, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Miho Akiyama
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Momoki Hirai
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
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Hohmann T, Kessler J, Vordermark D, Dehghani F. Evaluation of machine learning models for automatic detection of DNA double strand breaks after irradiation using a γH2AX foci assay. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229620. [PMID: 32101565 PMCID: PMC7043763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces amongst other the most critical type of DNA damage: double-strand breaks (DSBs). Efficient repair of such damage is crucial for cell survival and genomic stability. The analysis of DSB associated foci assays is often performed manually or with automatic systems. Manual evaluation is time consuming and subjective, while most automatic approaches are prone to changes in experimental conditions or to image artefacts. Here, we examined multiple machine learning models, namely a multi-layer perceptron classifier (MLP), linear support vector machine classifier (SVM), complement naive bayes classifier (cNB) and random forest classifier (RF), to correctly classify γH2AX foci in manually labeled images containing multiple types of artefacts. All models yielded reasonable agreements to the manual rating on the training images (Matthews correlation coefficient >0.4). Afterwards, the best performing models were applied on images obtained under different experimental conditions. Thereby, the MLP model produced the best results with an F1 Score >0.9. As a consequence, we have demonstrated that the used approach is sufficient to mimic manual counting and is robust against image artefacts and changes in experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hohmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacqueline Kessler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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31
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Jakl L, Marková E, Koláriková L, Belyaev I. Biodosimetry of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Using DNA Repair Foci in Human Lymphocytes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010058. [PMID: 31947954 PMCID: PMC7016656 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) known also as DNA repair foci represent most sensitive endpoint for assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). IRIF are usually visualized and enumerated with the aid of fluorescence microscopy using antibodies to γH2AX and 53BP1. This study analyzed effect of low dose ionizing radiation on residual IRIF in human lymphocytes to the aim of potential biodosimetry and possible extrapolation of high-dose γH2AX/53BP1 effects to low doses and compared kinetics of DSB and IRIF. We also analyzed whether DNaseI, which is used for reducing of clumps, affects the IRIF level. Materials and Methods: The cryopreserved human lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB) were thawed with/without DNaseI, γ-irradiated at doses of 0, 5, 10, and 50 cGy and γH2AX/53BP1 foci were analyzed 30 min, 2 h, and 22 h post-irradiation using appropriate antibodies. We also analyzed kinetics of DSB using PFGE. Results: No significant difference was observed between data obtained by γH2AX foci evaluation in cells that were irradiated by low doses and data obtained by extrapolation from higher doses. Residual 53BP1 foci induced by low doses significantly outreached the data extrapolated from irradiation by higher doses. 53BP1 foci induced by low dose-radiation remain longer at DSB loci than foci induced by higher doses. There was no significant effect of DNaseI on DNA repair foci. Conclusions: Primary γH2AX, 53BP1 foci and their co-localization represent valuable markers for biodosimetry of low doses, but their usefulness is limited by short time window. Residual γH2AX and 53BP1 foci are more useful markers for biodosimetry in vitro. Effects of low doses can be extrapolated from high dose using γH2AX residual foci while γH2AX/53BP1 foci are valuable markers for evaluation of initial DSB induced by ionizing radiation. Residual IRIF induced by low doses persist longer time than those induced by higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Jakl
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59327321; Fax: +421-2-59327305
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Huang J, Qi Z, Chen M, Xiao T, Guan J, Zhou M, Wang Q, Lin Z, Wang Z. Serum amyloid A1 as a biomarker for radiation dose estimation and lethality prediction in irradiated mouse. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:715. [PMID: 32042731 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Fast and reliable biomarkers are needed to distinguish whether individuals were exposed or not to radiation and assess radiation dose, and to predict the severity of radiation damage in a large-scale radiation accident. Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein induced by multiple factors including inflammatory. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the role of SAA1 in the radiation dose estimation and lethality prediction after radiation. Methods C57BL/6J female mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI) at different doses and time points and amifostine, a drug used to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy, was injected before irradiation. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma subjected to radiotherapy were used as the irradiation model in humans. Results A moderate SAA1 increase was observed at 6 hours in serum samples from irradiated mice at all doses used, with a peak at 12 hours, then decreased to day 3 after exposure. A second SAA1 increase was observed from day 5 to 7, which was associated to subsequent lethality. Treatment with amifostine before irradiation could prevent mice death and inhibit the second SAA1 increase. SAA1 increase after radiation was confirmed in human serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy. Conclusions Serum SAA1 levels could represent a biomarker for radiation dose estimation and its second increase might be a useful lethality indicator after radiation in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhongwu Lin
- Science Research Management Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Huang J, Wang Q, Hu Y, Qi Z, Lin Z, Ying W, Zhou M. Proteomic Profiling for Serum Biomarkers in Mice Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819894794. [PMID: 31853238 PMCID: PMC6909274 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819894794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to large-scale radiological incidents, rapid, accurate, and early triage biodosimeters are urgently required. In this study, we investigated candidate radiation-responsive biomarkers using proteomics approaches in mouse models. A total of 452 dysregulated proteins were identified in the serum samples of mice exposed to 0, 2, 5.5, 7, and 8 Gy at 6, 24, and 72 hours postirradiation. Ninety-eight proteins, including 46 at 6 hours, 36 at 24 hours, and 36 at 72 hours, were identified as radiation-responsive proteins (RRPs). Gene Ontology analysis showed the RRPs were involved in proteolysis, extracellular space, hydrolase activity, and carbohydrate binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome enrichment showed the RRPs were regulated in "the pentose phosphate pathway," "the proteasome," and "AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications." There were 3 proteins changed and overlapped at all the 3 time points, 8 proteins changed at 6 and 24 hours, 4 proteins changed at 24 and 72hours, and 2 proteins changed at both 6 and 72 hours. Of these proteins, ORM2, HP, SAA1, SAA2, MBL2, COL1A1, and APCS were identified as candidate biomarkers for biodosimeter-based diagnosis through Pearson correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Hu
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Lin
- Science Research Management Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Ricoul M, Gnana Sekaran TS, Brochard P, Herate C, Sabatier L. γ-H2AX Foci Persistence at Chromosome Break Suggests Slow and Faithful Repair Phases Restoring Chromosome Integrity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:1397. [PMID: 31546867 PMCID: PMC6770925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many toxic agents can cause DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are in most cases quickly repaired by the cellular machinery. Using ionising radiation, we explored the kinetics of DNA lesion signaling and structural chromosome aberration formation at the intra- and inter-chromosomal level. Using a novel approach, the classic Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) was combined with γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining in order to unravel the kinetics of DNA damage signalisation and chromosome repair. We identified an early mechanism of DNA DSB joining that occurs within the first three hours post-irradiation, when dicentric chromosomes and chromosome exchanges are formed. The slower and significant decrease of "deleted chromosomes" and 1 acentric telomere fragments observed until 24 h post-irradiation, leads to the conclusion that a second and error-free repair mechanism occurs. In parallel, we revealed remaining signalling of γ-H2AX foci at the site of chromosome fusion long after the chromosome rearrangement formation. Moreover there is important signalling of foci on the site of telomere and sub-telomere sequences suggesting either a different function of γ-H2AX signalling in these regions or an extreme sensibility of the telomere sequences to DNA damage that remains unrepaired 24 h post-irradiation. In conclusion, chromosome repair happens in two steps, including a last and hardly detectable one because of restoration of the chromosome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ricoul
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Tamizh Selvan Gnana Sekaran
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Patricia Brochard
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Cecile Herate
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Pujol-Canadell M, Young E, Smilenov L. Use of a Humanized Mouse Model System in the Validation of Human Radiation Biodosimetry Standards. Radiat Res 2019; 191:439-446. [PMID: 30802180 DOI: 10.1667/rr15283.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After a planned or unplanned radiation exposure, determination of absorbed dose has great clinical importance, informing treatment and triage decisions in the exposed individuals. Biodosimetry approaches allow for determination of dose in the absence of physical measurement apparatus. The current state-of-the-art biodosimetry method is based on the frequency of induced dicentric chromosomes in peripheral blood T cells, which is proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. Since dose-response curves used for obtaining absorbed dose for humans are based on data sourced from in vitro studies, a concerning discrepancy may be present in the reported dose. Specifically, T-cell survival after in vitro irradiation is much higher than that measured in humans in vivo and, in addition, is not dose dependent over some dose ranges. We hypothesized that these differences may lead to inappropriately inflated dicentric frequencies after in vitro irradiation when compared with in vivo irradiation of the same samples. This may lead to underestimation of the in vivo dose. To test this hypothesis, we employed the humanized mouse model, which allowed direct comparison of cell depletion and dicentric frequencies in human T cells irradiated in vivo and in vitro. The results showed similar dicentric chromosome induction frequencies measured in vivo and in vitro when assessed 24 h postirradiation despite the differences in cell survival. These results appear to validate the use of in vitro data for the estimation of the absorbed dose in human radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Young
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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36
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Singh P, Aggarwal LM, Parry SA, Raman MJ. Radiation dosimetry and repair kinetics of DNA damage foci in mouse pachytene spermatocyte and round spermatid stages. Mutagenesis 2019; 33:231-239. [PMID: 30239864 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in testicular germ cells is difficult because of cellular heterogeneity and the presence of endogenous γH2AX. Here, we used confocal microscopy to quantify DNA damage and repair kinetics following γ-irradiation (0.5-4 Gy) in three major mouse male germ cell stages, early and late pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids (RSs), following a defined post irradiation time course. Dose-response curves showing linear best fit validated γH2AX focus as a rapid biodosimetric tool in these substages in response to whole body in vivo exposure. Stage specific foci yield/dose and repair kinetics demonstrated differential radiosensitivity and repair efficiency: early pachytenes (EP) repaired most rapidly and completely followed by late pachytene (LP) and RSs. Repair kinetics for all three stages followed 'exponential decay' in response to each radiation dose. In pachytenes immediate colocalisation of γH2AX and 53BP1, which participates in non-homologous end-joining repair pathway, was followed by dissociation from the major focal area of γH2AX by 4 h demonstrating ongoing DSB repair. These results confirm the differential radiosensitivity and repair kinetics of DSBs in male germ cells at different stages. Taken together, our results provide a simple and accurate method for assessing DNA damage and repair kinetics during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Singh
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Aggarwal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Stephen A Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mercy J Raman
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, India
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Trajkova K, Dilevska I, Petkovska R, Trajkov D, Kroneis T, Schwinger W, Sorantin E. The influence of the iodinate contrast medium during CT: Single center experience - Development of two competitive in-house methods for automated quantification of DDSB. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2019. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2019.65.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation may ultimately lead to cell death or initiate cancer cells development. Today it is difficult to estimate what the actual damage to the human body will be, given the fact that today in the world the number of diagnostic procedures using radiation and iodine contrast media is increasing, and the existence of a number of factors that can affect the radiation dose in vivo. At the same time, development of new methods is required, which can determine in a much shorter time what will be the effect of diagnostic radiation on the DNA molecule. For these purposes we develop two competitive inhouse methods for automated quantification of DNA double strand brakes (DDSB) in peripheral blood lymphocytes: immunofluorescence determining of γH2AX with stained microscopic slides and determining the occurrence of DDSB with the flow cytometry. Our initial results shown that computed tomography (CT) can cause damage in the DNA molecule in the form of DDSB, the existence of linear dependence with the increase in low and high range of CTDI and the number of γH2AX, and that iodine contrast media can increase the occurrence of DNA double strand brakes.
Keywords: CT examinations, ICM, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, DDSB
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Affiliation(s)
- Klimentina Trajkova
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Dilevska
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rumenka Petkovska
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Dejan Trajkov
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schwinger
- Division of pediatric hematology/oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2 – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34 A – 8036, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Lengert N, Mirsch J, Weimer RN, Schumann E, Haub P, Drossel B, Löbrich M. AutoFoci, an automated high-throughput foci detection approach for analyzing low-dose DNA double-strand break repair. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17282. [PMID: 30470760 PMCID: PMC6251879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages induced by ionising radiation (IR) and their efficient repair is crucial to limit genomic instability. The cellular DSB response after low IR doses is of particular interest but its examination requires the analysis of high cell numbers. Here, we present an automated DSB quantification method based on the analysis of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci as markers for DSBs. We establish a combination of object properties, combined in the object evaluation parameter (OEP), which correlates with manual object classification. Strikingly, OEP histograms show a bi-modal distribution with two maxima and a minimum in between, which correlates with the manually determined transition between background signals and foci. We used algorithms to detect the minimum, thus separating foci from background signals and automatically assessing DSB levels. To demonstrate the validity of this method, we analyzed over 600.000 cells to verify results of previous studies showing that DSBs induced by low doses are less efficiently repaired compared with DSBs induced by higher doses. Thus, the automated foci counting method, called AutoFoci, provides a valuable tool for high-throughput image analysis of thousands of cells which will prove useful for many biological screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicor Lengert
- Theory of Complex Systems, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ratna N Weimer
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eik Schumann
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Haub
- Image Consulting, 68804, Altlußheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- Theory of Complex Systems, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Löbrich
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 13, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Durdik M, Kosik P, Kruzliakova J, Jakl L, Markova E, Belyaev I. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are less prone to undergo apoptosis than lymphocytes despite similar DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48846-48853. [PMID: 28415626 PMCID: PMC5564729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor CD34+ cells (HSPC) give rise to all types of blood cells and represent a key cellular target for origination of leukemia. Apoptosis and repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are vital processes in leukemogenesis. High doses of ionizing radiation are the best known agent that induces leukemia, but less is known about the leukemogenic potential of low doses. While umbilical cord blood (UCB) serves as a valuable source of the HSPC for both research and clinics, the data on DNA damage response and apoptosis in UCB HSPC are very limited. We have studied apoptosis and DSB in the UCB-derived CD34+HSPC and CD34- lymphocytes at different time points post-irradiation with low and therapeutic doses of γ-rays. DSB were enumerated with γH2AX foci using imaging flow cytometry. Different stages of apoptosis were analyzed using Annexin/7-AAD assay and γH2AX pan-staining by flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry, respectively. Our results have consistently shown significantly higher resistance of CD34+ stem/progenitor cells to endogenous and radiation induced apoptosis as compared to CD34- lymphocytes. At the same time, no statistically significant difference was found in DSB repair between HSPC and lymphocytes as enumerated by the γH2AX foci. To conclude, we show for the first time that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are less prone to undergo apoptosis than lymphocytes what may be accounted for higher expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in CD34+ cells but was unlikely dealt with DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Durdik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kruzliakova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Noda A. Radiation-induced unrepairable DSBs: their role in the late effects of radiation and possible applications to biodosimetry. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii114-ii120. [PMID: 29281054 PMCID: PMC5941153 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the vast majority of DNA damage induced by radiation exposure disappears rapidly, some lesions remain in the cell nucleus in very small quantities for days to months. These lesions may cause a considerable threat to an organism and include certain types of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) called 'unrepairable DSBs'. Unrepairable DSBs are thought to cause persistent malfunctioning of cells and tissues or cause late effects of radiation, especially the induction of delayed cell death, mutation, senescence, or carcinogenesis. Moreover, the measurement of unrepairable DSBs could potentially be used for retrospective biodosimetry or for identifying individuals at greater risk for developing the adverse effects associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This review summarizes the concept of unrepairable DSBs in the context of persistent repair foci formed at DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asao Noda
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama-Park, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
- Corresponding Author. Tel: 082-261-3131; Fax: +082-263-7279;
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Meade AD, Maguire A, Bryant J, Cullen D, Medipally D, White L, McClean B, Shields L, Armstrong J, Dunne M, Noone E, Bradshaw S, Finn M, Shannon AM, Howe O, Lyng FM. Prediction of DNA damage and G2 chromosomal radio-sensitivity ex vivo in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with label-free Raman micro-spectroscopy. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1451006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan D. Meade
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian Maguire
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane Bryant
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Cullen
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dinesh Medipally
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa White
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan McClean
- Department of Medical Physics, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Shields
- Department of Medical Physics, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Armstrong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Dunne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Noone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shirley Bradshaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Finn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saint Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, St Luke's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Orla Howe
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M. Lyng
- School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Nayak AA, Mumbrekar KD, Rao BSS. Pharmacological approach to increasing the retention of radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci using phosphatase inhibitors: significance in radiation biodosimetry. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2018; 38:318-328. [PMID: 29447119 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaa97a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a scenario of accidental mass radiation exposure transportation and analysis of samples may take some time, resulting in loss of biomarker information over this period. The present study aims to use phosphatase inhibitors for longer retention of focal signals to adopt γ-H2AX as a biodosimetric biomarker for the management of early triage. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from healthy individuals were irradiated in vitro with x-rays and γ-H2AX foci were analysed using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometric methods. Further, the effect of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitors such as calyculin A, fostriecin and okadiac acid on the retention of foci was studied. Fluorescent microscopy was found to be a more sensitive method than flow cytometry. Calyculin A showed significant retention of focal signals at 6 h with 1.5-fold increased retention compared to radiation alone; this may prove beneficial in early triage management because of a better dose approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaykumar A Nayak
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
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Abe Y, Yoshida MA, Fujioka K, Kurosu Y, Ujiie R, Yanagi A, Tsuyama N, Miura T, Inaba T, Kamiya K, Sakai A. Dose-response curves for analyzing of dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations following doses of 1000 mGy or less, based on irradiated peripheral blood samples from five healthy individuals. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:35-42. [PMID: 29040682 PMCID: PMC5786284 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In terms of biological dosimetry at the time of radiation exposure, the dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay (DCA) is the gold standard for assessing for the acute phase and chromosome translocation (Tr) analysis is the gold standard for assessing the chronic phase. It is desirable to have individual dose-response curves (DRCs) for each laboratory because the analysis criteria differ between laboratories. We constructed the DRCs for radiation dose estimation (with three methods) using peripheral blood (PB) samples from five healthy individuals. Aliquots were irradiated with one of eight gamma-ray doses (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 or 1000 mGy), then cultured for 48 h. The number of chromosome aberrations (CAs) was analyzed by DCA, using Giemsa staining and centromere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (centromere-FISH) and by chromosome painting (chromosome pairs 1, 2 and 4) for Tr analysis. In DCA, there was large variation between individuals in the frequency of Dics formed, and the slopes of the DRCs were different. In Tr analysis, although variation was observed in the frequency of Tr, the slopes of the DRCs were similar after adjusting the background for age. Good correlation between the irradiation dose and the frequency of CAs formed was observed with these three DRCs. However, performing three different biological dosimetry assays simultaneously on PB from five donors nonetheless results in variation in the frequency of CAs formed, especially at doses of 50 mGy or less, highlighting the difficulty of biological dosimetry using these methods. We conclude that it might be difficult to construct universal DRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Abe
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kurumi Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kurosu
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Risa Ujiie
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Aki Yanagi
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tsuyama
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan. Tel: +81-24-547-1420; Fax: +81-24-547-1940;
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Bensimon Etzol J, Valente M, Altmeyer S, Bettencourt C, Bouvet S, Cosler G, Desangles F, Drouet M, Entine F, Hérodin F, Jourquin F, Lecompte Y, Martigne P, Michel X, Pateux J, Ugolin N, Chevillard S. DosiKit, a New Portable Immunoassay for Fast External Irradiation Biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2017; 190:176-185. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14760.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Cosler
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | | | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Fabrice Entine
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Flora Jourquin
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Yannick Lecompte
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Patrick Martigne
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Xavier Michel
- Service de Protection Radiologique des Armées (SPRA), Clamart, France
| | - Jérôme Pateux
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA), Bretigny, France
| | - Nicolas Ugolin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Manivannan B, Kuppusamy T, Venkatesan S, Perumal V. A comparison of estimates of doses to radiotherapy patients obtained with the dicentric chromosome analysis and the γ-H2AX assay: Relevance to radiation triage. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 131:1-7. [PMID: 29080427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The γ-H2AX assay was investigated as an alternative to the time-consuming dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). Radiation doses to 25 radiotherapy patients were estimated in parallel by DCA and the γ-H2AX assay. The γ-H2AX assay yielded doses in line with the calculated equivalent whole body doses in 92% of the patients, whereas the success rate of DCA was only 76%. The result shows that the γ-H2AX assay can be effectively used as a rapid and more precise alternative to DCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Manivannan
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thayalan Kuppusamy
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Srinivasan Venkatesan
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gould R, McFadden SL, Sands AJ, McCrossan BA, Horn S, Prise KM, Doyle P, Hughes CM. Removal of scatter radiation in paediatric cardiac catheterisation: a randomised controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2017; 37:742-760. [PMID: 28721947 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa80a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine if DNA integrity was compromised by ionising radiation from paediatric cardiac catheterisations and if dose optimisation techniques allowed DNA integrity to be maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children were imaged using either: (i) an anti-scatter grid (current departmental protocol), (ii) no anti-scatter grid or, (iii) no anti-scatter grid and a 15 cm air-gap between the child and the x-ray detector. Dose area product and image quality were assessed, lifetime attributable cancer risk estimates were calculated and DNA double-strand breakages quantified using the γH2AX assay. RESULTS Consent was obtained from 70 parents/guardians/children. Image quality was sufficient for each procedure performed. Removal of the anti-scatter grid resulted in dose reductions of 20% (no anti-scatter grid) and 30% (15 cm air-gap), DNA double-strand break reductions of 30% (no anti-scatter grid) and 20% (15 cm air-gap) and a reduction of radiation-induced cancer mortality risk of up to 45%. CONCLUSION Radiation doses received during paediatric cardiac catheterisation procedures resulted in a significant increase in DNA damage while maintaining acceptable image quality and diagnostic efficacy. It is feasible to remove the anti-scatter grid resulting in a reduction in DNA damage to the patient. The γH2AX assay may be used for assessment of dose optimisation strategies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gould
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
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Mavragani IV, Nikitaki Z, Souli MP, Aziz A, Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Rogakou E, Georgakilas AG. Complex DNA Damage: A Route to Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070091. [PMID: 28718816 PMCID: PMC5532627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are of great variety and level, but they are mainly damaging since radiation can perturb all important components of the cell, from the membrane to the nucleus, due to alteration of different biological molecules ranging from lipids to proteins or DNA. Regarding DNA damage, which is the main focus of this review, as well as its repair, all current knowledge indicates that IR-induced DNA damage is always more complex than the corresponding endogenous damage resulting from endogenous oxidative stress. Specifically, it is expected that IR will create clusters of damage comprised of a diversity of DNA lesions like double strand breaks (DSBs), single strand breaks (SSBs) and base lesions within a short DNA region of up to 15–20 bp. Recent data from our groups and others support two main notions, that these damaged clusters are: (1) repair resistant, increasing genomic instability (GI) and malignant transformation and (2) can be considered as persistent “danger” signals promoting chronic inflammation and immune response, causing detrimental effects to the organism (like radiation toxicity). Last but not least, the paradigm shift for the role of radiation-induced systemic effects is also incorporated in this picture of IR-effects and consequences of complex DNA damage induction and its erroneous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Zacharenia Nikitaki
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria P Souli
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Asef Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Khaled Aziz
- Mayo Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Emmy Rogakou
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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γ-H2AX/53BP1/pKAP-1 foci and their linear tracks induced by in vitro exposure to radon and its progeny in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38295. [PMID: 27922110 PMCID: PMC5138821 DOI: 10.1038/srep38295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodosimetric information is critical for evaluating the human health hazards caused by radon and its progeny. Here, we demonstrated that the formation of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γ-H2AX), p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and phosphorylated KRAB-associated protein 1 (pKAP-1) foci and their linear tracks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro exposed to radon and its progeny were dependent on the cumulative absorbed dose of radon exposure but was unrelated to the concentration of radon. Among them, γ-H2AX foci and its linear tracks were the most sensitive indicators with the lowest estimable cumulative absorbed dose of 1.74 mGy from their linear dose-response curves and sustained for 12 h after termination of radon exposure. In addition, three types of foci showed an overdispersed non-Poisson distribution in HPBLs. The ratios of pKAP-1/γ-H2AX foci co-localization, 53BP1/γ-H2AX foci co-localization and 53BP1/pKAP-1 foci co-localization were significantly increased in HPBLs exposed to radon while they were unrelated to the cumulative dose of radon exposure, suggesting that γ-H2AX, pKAP-1 and 53BP1 play an important role in the repair of heterochromatic double-strand breaks. Altogether, our findings provide an experimental basis for estimating the biological dose of internal α-particle irradiation from radon and its progeny exposure in humans.
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Lee WH, Nguyen PK, Fleischmann D, Wu JC. DNA damage-associated biomarkers in studying individual sensitivity to low-dose radiation from cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:3075-3080. [PMID: 27272147 PMCID: PMC6279211 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dominik Fleischmann
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology
- Department of Radiology
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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50
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Sproull M, Camphausen K. State-of-the-Art Advances in Radiation Biodosimetry for Mass Casualty Events Involving Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2016; 186:423-435. [PMID: 27710702 DOI: 10.1667/rr14452.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the possibility of large-scale terrorist attacks around the world, the need for modeling and development of new medical countermeasures for potential future chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) has been well established. Project Bioshield, initiated in 2004, provided a framework to develop and expedite research in the field of CBRN exposures. To respond to large-scale population exposures from a nuclear event or radiation dispersal device (RDD), new methods for determining received dose using biological modeling became necessary. The field of biodosimetry has advanced significantly beyond this original initiative, with expansion into the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Studies are ongoing to evaluate the use of lymphocyte kinetics for dose assessment, as well as the development of field-deployable EPR technology. In addition, expansion of traditional cytogenetic assessment methods through the use of automated platforms and the development of laboratory surge capacity networks have helped to advance our biodefense preparedness. In this review of the latest advances in the field of biodosimetry we evaluate our progress and identify areas that still need to be addressed to achieve true field-deployment readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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