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Lahane GP, Dhar A, Bhat A. Therapeutic approaches and novel antifibrotic agents in renal fibrosis: A comprehensive review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23795. [PMID: 39132761 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target these underlying mechanisms to halt or reverse fibrotic progression. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pivotal mediator of RF has emerged as a central strategy to manage RF. Small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that target TGF-β receptors or downstream effectors have demonstrated potential in preclinical models. Modulating the renin-angiotensin system and targeting the endothelin system also provide established approaches for controlling fibrosis-related hemodynamic changes. Complementary to pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions contribute to holistic management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of RF and provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies and novel antifibrotic agents that hold promise in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Panditrao Lahane
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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2
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Ogamino S, Yamamichi M, Sato K, Ishitani T. Dynamics of Wnt/β-catenin reporter activity throughout whole life in a naturally short-lived vertebrate. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38684674 PMCID: PMC11059364 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a major role in regulation of embryogenesis, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, the roles played by Wnt/β-catenin and the spatiotemporal regulation of its activity throughout life, including during aging, are not fully understood. To address these issues, we introduced a Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitive reporter into African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), a naturally ultra-short-lived fish that allows for the analysis of its whole life within a short period of time. Using this reporter killifish, we unraveled the previously unidentified dynamics of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during development and aging. Using the reporter strain, we detected Wnt/β-catenin activity in actively developing tissues as reported in previous reports, but also observed activation and attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin activity during embryonic reaggregation and diapause, respectively. During the aging process, the reporter was activated in the choroidal layer and liver, but its expression decreased in the kidneys. In addition, the reporter also revealed that aging disrupts the spatial regulation and intensity control of Wnt/β-catenin activity seen during fin regeneration, which interferes with precise regeneration. Thus, the employed reporter killifish is a highly useful model for investigating the dynamics of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during both the developmental and aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ogamino
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamamichi
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Wen Y, Lu X, Privratsky JR, Ren J, Ali S, Yang B, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Nedospasov SA, Crowley SD. TNF- α from the Proximal Nephron Exacerbates Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:44-56. [PMID: 37986166 PMCID: PMC10833606 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Proximal tubular TNF aggravates kidney injury and fibrogenesis in aristolochic acid nephropathy. Tubular TNF disrupts the cell cycle in injured tubular epithelial cells. TNF-mediated toxic renal injury is independent of systemic immune responses. Background Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) presents with tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage and tubulointerstitial inflammation. Although TNF-α regulates cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses, the effects of tubular TNF in the progression of AAN require elucidation. Methods Floxed TNF mice on the 129/SvEv background were crossed with PEPCK-Cre mice to generate PEPCK-Cre + TNF flox/flox (TNF PTKO) mice or bred with Ksp-Cre mice to generate KSP-Cre + TNF flox/flox (TNF DNKO) mice. TNF PTKO, TNF DNKO, and wild-type controls (Cre negative littermates) were subjected to acute and chronic AAN. Results Deletion of TNF in the proximal but not distal nephron attenuated kidney injury, renal inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis after acute or chronic aristolochic acid (AA) exposure. The TNF PTKO mice did not have altered numbers of infiltrating myeloid cells in AAN kidneys. Nevertheless, kidneys from AA-treated TNF PTKO mice had reduced levels of proteins involved in regulated cell death, higher proportions of TECs in the G0/G1 phase, and reduced TEC proportions in the G2/M phase. Pifithrin-α , which restores the cell cycle, abrogated differences between the wild-type and PTKO cohorts in G2/M phase arrest of TECs and kidney fibrosis after AA exposure. Conclusions TNF from the proximal but not the distal nephron propagates kidney injury and fibrogenesis in AAN in part by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest of TECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jamie R. Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Saba Ali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan P. Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
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4
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Yang M, Lopez LN, Brewer M, Delgado R, Menshikh A, Clouthier K, Zhu Y, Vanichapol T, Yang H, Harris R, Gewin L, Brooks C, Davidson A, de Caestecker MP. Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Proximal Tubular Epithelial cells Protects against Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Kim-1-dependent Efferocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545113. [PMID: 37398101 PMCID: PMC10312711 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development, but in the adult kidney is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protects against experimental AKI but is associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker, Kim-1. However, Kim-1 is also expressed by de-differentiated, proliferating PTECs, and protects against injury by increasing apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis. We show that the protective effect of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling is mediated by increased Kim-1 dependent efferocytosis, and that this is associated with de-differentiation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of PTECs. These data demonstrate a novel functional role that reactivation of RAR signaling plays in regulating PTEC differentiation and function in human and experimental AKI. Graphical abstract
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Kayhan M, Vouillamoz J, Rodriguez DG, Bugarski M, Mitamura Y, Gschwend J, Schneider C, Hall A, Legouis D, Akdis CA, Peter L, Rehrauer H, Gewin L, Wenger RH, Khodo SN. Intrinsic TGF-β signaling attenuates proximal tubule mitochondrial injury and inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3236. [PMID: 37270534 PMCID: PMC10239443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive TGF-β signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction fuel chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, inhibiting TGF-β failed to impede CKD in humans. The proximal tubule (PT), the most vulnerable renal segment, is packed with giant mitochondria and injured PT is pivotal in CKD progression. How TGF-β signaling affects PT mitochondria in CKD remained unknown. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics and bulk RNAseq with biochemical analyses to depict the role of TGF-β signaling on PT mitochondrial homeostasis and tubulo-interstitial interactions in CKD. Male mice carrying specific deletion of Tgfbr2 in the PT have increased mitochondrial injury and exacerbated Th1 immune response in the aristolochic acid model of CKD, partly, through impaired complex I expression and mitochondrial quality control associated with a metabolic rewiring toward aerobic glycolysis in the PT cells. Injured S3T2 PT cells are identified as the main mediators of the maladaptive macrophage/dendritic cell activation in the absence of Tgfbr2. snRNAseq database analyses confirm decreased TGF-β receptors and a metabolic deregulation in the PT of CKD patients. This study describes the role of TGF-β signaling in PT mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation in CKD, suggesting potential therapeutic targets that might be used to mitigate CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kayhan
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Milica Bugarski
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Gschwend
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Cell Physiology, Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leary Peter
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Medicine, St. Louis Veterans Affairs, St. Louis, USA
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hunter K, Larsen JA, Love HD, Evans RC, Roy S, Zent R, Harris RC, Wilson MH, Fissell WH. Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Improves Primary Renal Tubule Cell Differentiation in Long-Term Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:102-111. [PMID: 36274231 PMCID: PMC10081716 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-oriented applications of cell culture include cell therapy of organ failure like chronic renal failure. Clinical deployment of a cell-based device for artificial renal replacement requires qualitative and quantitative fidelity of a cultured cell to its in vivo counterpart. Active specific apicobasal ion transport reabsorbs 90-99% of the filtered load of salt and water in the kidney. In a bioengineered kidney, tubular transport concentrates wastes and eliminates the need for hemodialysis, but renal tubule cells in culture transport little or no salt and water due to dedifferentiation that mammalian cells undergo in vitro thereby losing important cell-type specific functions. We previously identified transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a signaling pathway necessary for in vitro differentiation of renal tubule cells. Inhibition of TGF-β receptor-1 led to active and inhibitable electrolyte and water transport by primary human renal tubule epithelial cells in vitro. Addition of metformin increased transport, in the context of a transient effect on 5'-AMP-activated kinase phosphorylation. These data motivated us to examine whether increased transport was an idiosyncratic effect of SB431542, probe pathways downstream of TGF-β receptors possibly responsible for the improved differentiation, evaluate whether TGF-β inhibition induced a range of differentiated tubule functions, and to explore crosstalk between the effects of SB431542 and metformin. In this study, we use multiple small-molecule inhibitors of canonical and noncanonical pathways to confirm that inhibition of canonical TGF-β signaling caused the increased apicobasal transport. Hallmarks of proximal tubule cell function, including sodium reabsorption, para-amino hippurate excretion, and glucose uptake increased with TGF-β inhibition, and the specificity of the response was shown using inhibitors of each transport protein. We did not find any evidence of crosstalk between metformin and SB431542. These data suggest that the TGF-β signaling pathway governs multiple features of differentiation in renal proximal tubule cells in vitro. Inhibition of TGF-β by pharmacologic or genome engineering approaches may be a viable approach to enhancing differentiated function of tubule cells in vitro. Impact statement Cell therapy of renal failure requires qualitative and quantitative fidelity between in vitro and in vivo phenotypes, which has been elusive. We show that control of transforming growth factor-β signaling can promote differentiation of renal tubule cells grown in artificial environments. This is a key enabling step for cell therapy of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Hunter
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Larsen
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Harold D. Love
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew H. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William H. Fissell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Ramirez-Gonzalez JB, Morales-BuenRostro LE, Garcia-Covarrubias L, Pacheco-Domínguez RL, Durazo-Arvizu R, Cuevas-Medina EN, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Osorio-Juárez RA, Correa-Rotter R, Rincón-Pedrero R, Alberú-Gómez J, López Cervantes M. Assessment of the Relationship Between Inflammation and Glomerular Filtration Rate. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581221132748. [PMID: 36700057 PMCID: PMC9869199 DOI: 10.1177/20543581221132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. As it progresses to end stages, renal replacement therapy is required but ultimately, the best treatment is transplantation. Decreased renal function has been associated with an inflammatory state associated to primary CKD and in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Objective To establish how the serum concentrations of some cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, IL-22, IL-17α, interferon-gamma, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-β, correlate with various CKD stages. Methods One hundred and forty-one KTRs between the ages of 18 and 75 years were included in the study. We also included 112 live kidney donors, 37 CKD PGCKD+3, and 76 GPhealthy. Participants were grouped according to their glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and their circulating cytokine levels, previously quantified by ELISA. Results By linear regression analysis, we established the relation of each cytokine with the GFR. Transforming growth factor-β correlated positively with the GFR in the study population, except in healthy individuals. A negative correlation of IL-8 and IL-17α and GFR was found in all cases. Conclusions Whether these cytokines (IL-8 and IL-17α) could be used as inflammatory biomarkers indicating CKD progression, regardless of the type of population, remains to be prospectively determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Ramirez-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - L. E. Morales-BuenRostro
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - L. Garcia-Covarrubias
- Department of Transplantation, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R. L. Pacheco-Domínguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - R. Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - E. N. Cuevas-Medina
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J. Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - R. A. Osorio-Juárez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - R. Correa-Rotter
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - R. Rincón-Pedrero
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Josefina Alberú-Gómez
- Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, México,Josefina Alberú-Gómez, Department of Transplantation, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga # 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México CP 14080, México.
| | - Malaquías López Cervantes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México,Malaquías López Cervantes, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México #3000, Colonica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, CU, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, México. ;
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8
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Taguchi K, Elias BC, Sugahara S, Sant S, Freedman BS, Waikar SS, Pozzi A, Zent R, Harris RC, Parikh SM, Brooks CR. Cyclin G1 induces maladaptive proximal tubule cell dedifferentiation and renal fibrosis through CDK5 activation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158096. [PMID: 36453545 PMCID: PMC9711881 DOI: 10.1172/jci158096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 13% of hospitalized patients and predisposes patients to chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the AKI-to-CKD transition. Studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that maladaptive repair of proximal tubule cells (PTCs), including induction of dedifferentiation, G2/M cell cycle arrest, senescence, and profibrotic cytokine secretion, is a key process promoting AKI-to-CKD transition, kidney fibrosis, and CKD progression. The molecular mechanisms governing maladaptive repair and the relative contribution of dedifferentiation, G2/M arrest, and senescence to CKD remain to be resolved. We identified cyclin G1 (CG1) as a factor upregulated in chronically injured and maladaptively repaired PTCs. We demonstrated that global deletion of CG1 inhibits G2/M arrest and fibrosis. Pharmacological induction of G2/M arrest in CG1-knockout mice, however, did not fully reverse the antifibrotic phenotype. Knockout of CG1 did not alter dedifferentiation and proliferation in the adaptive repair response following AKI. Instead, CG1 specifically promoted the prolonged dedifferentiation of kidney tubule epithelial cells observed in CKD. Mechanistically, CG1 promotes dedifferentiation through activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Deletion of CDK5 in kidney tubule cells did not prevent G2/M arrest but did inhibit dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Thus, CG1 and CDK5 represent a unique pathway that regulates maladaptive, but not adaptive, dedifferentiation, suggesting they could be therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Freedman
- Kidney Research Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Ma J, Xv Q, Gao H, Yin H, Yan G, Jiang X, Yu W. Lycopene attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis in aristolochic acid nephropathy by targeting the Nrf2 antioxidant system. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102494. [PMID: 36198206 PMCID: PMC9530962 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene (LYC) is a carotenoid, has antioxidant properties. This study investigated whether lycopene attenuates aristolochic acids (AAs) -induced chronic kidney disease. In this experiment, lycopene was used to intervene C57BL/6 mice with renal injury induced by aristolochic acid exposure. The histomorphological changes and serological parameters of the kidney were measured in order to assess the alleviating effect of lycopene on renal injury in aristolochic acid nephropathy. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to verify the main mechanism of action and drug targets of lycopene in improving aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and by various experimental methods such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western-blot and qRT-PCR. The results showed that oxidative stress injury was induced in the kidney of mice after AAI exposure, resulting in inflammatory response and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. The results showed that the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway was inhibited after AAI exposure. AAI induces oxidative stress injury in the kidney, which ultimately leads to inflammation and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. After LYC intervened in the body, it activated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream HO-1 and NQO1 antioxidant signaling pathways. LYC inhibited ROS production by renal tubular epithelial cells, and alleviated mitochondrial damage. LYC further modulated the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling cascade, thereby reduced the accumulation of inflammatory factors in the renal interstitium. Moreover, LYC was able to up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, down-regulate Bax expression and inhibit the activation of cleaved forms of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, which finally attenuated the apoptosis of the mitochondrial pathway induced by AAI exposure. It was concluded that lycopene was able to activate the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway to maintain the homeostasis of renal oxidative stress and ultimately attenuated renal inflammatory response and apoptosis. These results suggested that lycopene can be used as a drug to relieve AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyang Xv
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongxin Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Common Animal Diseases, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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10
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Kidney Injuries and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Diseases Due to Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure Based on Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158492. [PMID: 35955627 PMCID: PMC9369080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth interrupts the development and maturation of the kidneys during the critical growth period. The kidneys can also exhibit structural defects and functional impairment due to hyperoxia, as demonstrated by various animal studies. Furthermore, hyperoxia during nephrogenesis impairs renal tubular development and induces glomerular and tubular injuries, which manifest as renal corpuscle enlargement, renal tubular necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. Preterm birth along with hyperoxia exposure induces a pathological predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries are influenced by several molecular factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and interleukin-6/Smad2/transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; these are key to cell proliferation, tissue inflammation, and cell membrane repair. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress is characterized by the attenuation or the induction of multiple molecular factors associated with kidney damage. This review focuses on the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries to establish a framework for potential interventions.
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11
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Chen J, Luo P, Wang C, Yang C, Bai Y, He X, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang S, Wang J. Integrated single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics reveal cellular-specific response and microenvironment remodeling in aristolochic acid nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157360. [PMID: 35852860 PMCID: PMC9462482 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is characterized by acute proximal tubule necrosis and immune cell infiltration, contributing to the global burden of chronic kidney disease and urothelial cancer. Although the proximal tubule has been defined as the primary target of aristolochic acids I (AAI), the mechanistic underpinning of gross renal deterioration caused by AAI has not been explicitly explained, prohibiting effective therapeutic intervention. To this point, we employed integrated single-cell RNA-Seq, bulk RNA-Seq, and mass spectrometry–based proteomics to analyze the mouse kidney after acute AAI exposure. Our results reveal a dramatic reduction of proximal tubule epithelial cells, associated with apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, indicating permanent damage beyond repair. We found the enriched development pathways in other nephron segments, suggesting activation of reparative programs triggered by AAI. The divergent response may be attributed to the segment-specific distribution of organic anion channels along the nephron, including OAT1 and OAT3. Moreover, we observed dramatic activation and recruitment of cytotoxic T and macrophage M1 cells, highlighting inflammation as a principal contributor to permanent renal injury. Ligand-receptor pairing revealed that critical intercellular crosstalk underpins damage-induced activation of immune cells. These results provide potentially novel insight into the AAI-induced kidney injury and point out possible pathways for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Piao Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunmeng Bai
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling He
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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12
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Osaki Y, Manolopoulou M, Ivanova AV, Vartanian N, Mignemi MP, Kern J, Chen J, Yang H, Fogo AB, Zhang M, Robinson-Cohen C, Gewin LS. Blocking cell cycle progression through CDK4/6 protects against chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158754. [PMID: 35730565 PMCID: PMC9309053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney injuries induce increased cell cycle progression in renal tubules. While increased cell cycle progression promotes repair after acute injury, the role of ongoing tubular cell cycle progression in chronic kidney disease is unknown. Two weeks after initiation of chronic kidney disease, we blocked cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by using an FDA-approved, selective inhibitor of CDK4/6. Blocking CDK4/6 improved renal function and reduced tubular injury and fibrosis in 2 murine models of chronic kidney disease. However, selective deletion of cyclin D1, which complexes with CDK4/6 to promote cell cycle progression, paradoxically increased tubular injury. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for CCND1 (cyclin D1) and the CDK4/6 inhibitor CDKN2B were associated with eGFR in genome-wide association studies. Consistent with the preclinical studies, reduced expression of CDKN2B correlated with lower eGFR values, and higher levels of CCND1 correlated with higher eGFR values. CDK4/6 inhibition promoted tubular cell survival, in part, through a STAT3/IL-1β pathway and was dependent upon on its effects on the cell cycle. Our data challenge the paradigm that tubular cell cycle progression is beneficial in the context of chronic kidney injury. Unlike the reparative role of cell cycle progression following acute kidney injury, these data suggest that blocking cell cycle progression by inhibiting CDK4/6, but not cyclin D1, protects against chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Alla V. Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Justin Kern
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianchun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Leslie S. Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, St. Louis VA, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Loss of Proximal Tubular Sirtuin 6 Aggravates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Tubulointerstitial Inflammation and Fibrosis by Regulation of β-Catenin Acetylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091477. [PMID: 35563783 PMCID: PMC9100256 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a significant pathologic change associated with progressive kidney disease. Sirt6 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase and mono-ADP ribosyltransferase known to play diverse roles in the processes attendant to aging, metabolism, and carcinogenesis. However, the role of proximal tubule-specific Sirt6 in renal fibrosis remains elusive. This study investigates the effect of proximal tubule-specific Sirt6 knockdown on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Renal fibrosis in wild type and PT-Sirt6KO (Sirt6flox/flox; Ggt1-Cre+) mice was induced by UUO surgery. After seven days, histologic examination and Western blot analysis were performed to examine extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression. We evaluated inflammatory cytokine and cell adhesion molecule expression after ureteral obstruction. The therapeutic effect of Sirt6 activator MDL-800 on UUO-induced tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis was assessed. The loss of Sirt6 in the proximal tubules aggravated UUO-induced tubular injury, ECM deposition, F4/80 positive macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression. Sirt6 activator MDL-800 mitigated UUO-induced renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. In an in vitro experiment, MDL-800 decreases the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced activation of myofibroblast and ECM production by regulating Sirt6-dependent β-catenin acetylation and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, proximal tubule Sirt6 may play an essential role in UUO-induced tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis by regulating Sirt6-dependent β-catenin acetylation and ECM protein promoter transcription.
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14
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Luther JM, Fogo AB. The role of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2022; 12:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Ajay AK, Zhao L, Vig S, Fujiwara M, Thakurela S, Jadhav S, Cho A, Chiu IJ, Ding Y, Ramachandran K, Mithal A, Bhatt A, Chaluvadi P, Gupta MK, Shah SI, Sabbisetti VS, Waaga-Gasser AM, Frank DA, Murugaiyan G, Bonventre JV, Hsiao LL. Deletion of STAT3 from Foxd1 cell population protects mice from kidney fibrosis by inhibiting pericytes trans-differentiation and migration. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110473. [PMID: 35263586 PMCID: PMC10027389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. Although Stat3 deletion in tubular epithelial cells is known to protect mice from fibrosis, vFoxd1 cells remains unclear. Using Foxd1-mediated Stat3 knockout mice, CRISPR, and inhibitors of STAT3, we investigate its function. STAT3 is phosphorylated in tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury, whereas it is expanded to interstitial cells in fibrosis in mice and humans. Foxd1-mediated deletion of Stat3 protects mice from folic-acid- and aristolochic-acid-induced kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, STAT3 upregulates the inflammation and differentiates pericytes into myofibroblasts. STAT3 activation increases migration and profibrotic signaling in genome-edited, pericyte-like cells. Conversely, blocking Stat3 inhibits detachment, migration, and profibrotic signaling. Furthermore, STAT3 binds to the Collagen1a1 promoter in mouse kidneys and cells. Together, our study identifies a previously unknown function of STAT3 that promotes kidney fibrosis and has therapeutic value in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Renal Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shruti Vig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Fujiwara
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shreyas Jadhav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Krithika Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arushi Mithal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aanal Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pratyusha Chaluvadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sujal I Shah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Venkata S Sabbisetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Centre for Neurological Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Li-Li Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Based on the high incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years, a better early prediction model for identifying high-risk individuals before end-stage renal failure (ESRD) occurs is needed. We conducted a nested case–control study in 348 subjects (116 cases and 232 controls) from the “Tianjin Medical University Chronic Diseases Cohort”. All subjects did not have CKD at baseline, and they were followed up for 5 years until August 2018. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found five nongenetic risk factors associated with CKD risks. Logistic regression was performed to select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from which we obtained from GWAS analysis of the UK Biobank and other databases. We used a logistic regression model and natural logarithm OR value weighting to establish CKD genetic/nongenetic risk prediction models. In addition, the final comprehensive prediction model is the arithmetic sum of the two optimal models. The AUC of the prediction model reached 0.894, while the sensitivity was 0.827, and the specificity was 0.801. We found that age, diabetes, and normal high values of urea nitrogen, TGF-β, and ADMA were independent risk factors for CKD. A comprehensive prediction model was also established, which may help identify individuals who are most likely to develop CKD early.
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17
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Dole NS, Yoon J, Monteiro DA, Yang J, Mazur CM, Kaya S, Belair CD, Alliston T. Mechanosensitive miR-100 coordinates TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes during fluid shear stress. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21883. [PMID: 34569659 PMCID: PMC9153140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organism scale mechanical forces elicit cellular scale changes through coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The mechanisms by which cells integrate signaling to generate a unified biological response remains a major question in mechanobiology. For example, the mechanosensitive response of bone and other tissues requires coordinated signaling by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Wnt pathways through mechanisms that are not well‐defined. Here we report a new microRNA‐dependent mechanism that mediates mechanosensitive crosstalk between TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS). From 60 mechanosensitive microRNA (miRs) identified by small‐RNAseq, miR100 expression is suppressed by in vivo hindlimb loading in the murine tibia and by cellular scale FSS in OCY454 cells. Though FSS activates both TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes, only TGFβ represses miR‐100 expression. miR‐100, in turn, antagonizes Wnt signaling by targeting and inhibiting expression of Frizzled receptors (FZD5/FZD8). Accordingly, miR‐100 inhibition blunts FSS‐ and TGFβ‐inducible Wnt signaling. Therefore, our results identify FSS‐responsive miRNAs in osteocytes, including one that integrates the mechanosensitive function of two essential signaling pathways in the osteoanabolic response of bone to mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jihee Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Monteiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cassandra D Belair
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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18
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Li SS, Sun Q, Hua MR, Suo P, Chen JR, Yu XY, Zhao YY. Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719880. [PMID: 34483931 PMCID: PMC8415231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is induced, and β-catenin is activated, associated with the development and progression of renal fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin controls the expression of various downstream mediators such as snail1, twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, transient receptor potential canonical 6, and renin-angiotensin system components in epithelial cells, fibroblast, and macrophages. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin is usually intertwined with other signaling pathways to promote renal interstitial fibrosis. Actually, given the crucial of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrogenesis, blocking this signaling may benefit renal interstitial fibrosis. There are several antagonists of Wnt signaling that negatively control Wnt activation, and these include soluble Fzd-related proteins, the family of Dickkopf 1 proteins, Klotho and Wnt inhibitory factor-1. Furthermore, numerous emerging small-molecule β-catenin inhibitors cannot be ignored to prevent and treat renal fibrosis. Moreover, we reviewed the knowledge focusing on anti-fibrotic effects of natural products commonly used in kidney disease by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation, downstream targets, role, and mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal fibrosis pathogenesis. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway to treat renal fibrosis; this may shed new insights into effective treatment strategies to prevent and treat renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Suo
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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20
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Fuchs MAA, Broeker KAE, Schrankl J, Burzlaff N, Willam C, Wagner C, Kurtz A. Inhibition of transforming growth factor β1 signaling in resident interstitial cells attenuates profibrotic gene expression and preserves erythropoietin production during experimental kidney fibrosis in mice. Kidney Int 2021; 100:122-137. [PMID: 33705825 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is characterized by the development of myofibroblasts originating from resident kidney and immigrating cells. Myofibroblast formation and extracellular matrix production during kidney damage are triggered by various cytokines. Among these, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is considered a central trigger for kidney fibrosis. We found a highly upregulated expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβ receptor 2 (TGFβ-R2) mRNAs in kidney interstitial cells in experimental fibrosis. Here, we investigated the contribution of TGFβ1 signaling in resident kidney interstitial cells to organ fibrosis using the models of adenine induced nephropathy and unilateral ureteral occlusion in mice. For this purpose TGFβ1 signaling was interrupted by inducible deletion of the TGFβ-R2 gene in interstitial cells expressing the fibroblast marker platelet derived growth factor receptor-β. Expression of profibrotic genes was attenuated up to 50% in kidneys lacking TGFβ-R2 in cells positive for platelet derived growth factor receptor-β. Additionally, deletion of TGFβ-R2 prevented the decline of erythropoietin production in ureter ligated kidneys. Notably, fibrosis associated expression of α-smooth muscle actin as a myofibroblast marker and deposits of extracellular collagens were not altered in mice with targeted deletion of TGFβ-R2. Thus, our findings suggest an enhancing effect of TGFβ1 signaling in resident interstitial cells that contributes to profibrotic gene expression and the downregulation of erythropoietin production, but not to the development of myofibroblasts during kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Schrankl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Willam
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Geng H, Lan R, Liu Y, Chen W, Wu M, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Proximal tubule LPA1 and LPA2 receptors use divergent signaling pathways to additively increase profibrotic cytokine secretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F359-F374. [PMID: 33427061 PMCID: PMC7988817 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00494.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) increases platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) production and secretion by proximal tubule (PT) cells through LPA2 receptor-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-mediated activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1). LPA2, β6-integrin, PDGFB, and CTGF increase in kidneys after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), coinciding with fibrosis. The TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevents increases of β6-integrin, TGFB1-SMAD signaling, and PDGFB/CTGF expression after IRI and ameliorates fibrosis (Geng H, Lan R, Singha PK, Gilchrist A, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, Weinberg JM, Saikumar P, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 181: 1236-1249, 2012; Geng H, Lan R, Wang G, Siddiqi AR, Naski MC, Brooks AI, Barnes JL, Saikumar P, Weinberg JM, Venkatachalam MA. Am J Pathol 174: 1291-1308, 2009). We report now that LPA1 receptor signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-ERK1/2-activator protein-1 cooperates with LPA2-dependent TGFB1 signaling to additively increase PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion by PT cells. Conversely, inhibition of both pathways results in greater suppression of PDGFB/CTGF production and secretion and promotes greater PT cellular differentiation than inhibiting one pathway alone. Antagonism of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin suppressed signaling through both pathways. After IRI, kidneys showed not only more LPA2, nuclear SMAD2/3, and PDGFB/CTGF but also increased LPA1 and autotaxin proteins, together with enhanced EGFR/ERK1/2 activation. Remarkably, the TGFB1 receptor antagonist SD-208 prevented all of these abnormalities excepting increased LPA2. SD-208 inhibits only one arm of LPA signaling: LPA2-Gqα-αvβ6-integrin-dependent production of active TGFB1 and its receptor-bound downstream effects. Consequently, far-reaching protection by SD-208 against IRI-induced signaling alterations and tubule-interstitial pathology is not fully explained by our data. TGFB1-dependent feedforward modulation of LPA1 signaling is one possibility. SD-208 effects may also involve mitigation of injury caused by IRI-induced TGFB1 signaling in endothelial cells and monocytes. Our results have translational implications for using TGFB1 receptor antagonists, LPA1 and LPA2 inhibitors concurrently, and autotaxin inhibitors in acute kidney injury to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rongpei Lan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pothana Saikumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joel M Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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22
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Feng W, Ying WZ, Li X, Curtis LM, Sanders PW. Renoprotective effect of Stat1 deletion in murine aristolochic acid nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F87-F96. [PMID: 33283645 PMCID: PMC7847048 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured tubule epithelium stimulates a profibrotic milieu that accelerates loss of function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study tested the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the progressive loss of kidney function in aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy, a model of CKD. Mean serum creatinine concentration increased in wild-type (WT) littermates treated with AA, whereas Stat1-/- mice were protected. Focal increases in the apical expression of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 were observed in the proximal tubules of WT mice with AA treatment but were absent in Stat1-/- mice in the treatment group as well as in both control groups. A composite injury score, an indicator of proximal tubule injury, was reduced in Stat1-/- mice treated with AA. Increased expression of integrin-β6 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in proximal tubules as well as interstitial collagen and fibronectin were observed in WT mice following AA treatment but were all decreased in AA-treated Stat1-/- mice. The data indicated that STAT1 activation facilitated the development of progressive kidney injury and interstitial fibrosis in AA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisa M Curtis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Xie L, Zeng Y. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:590972. [PMID: 33343360 PMCID: PMC7746877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is closely associated with the recruitment of fibroblasts from capillary vessels with damaged endothelial cells, the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Recent studies suggest that EMT is a key factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, as the disruption of EMT-related effector molecules can inhibit the occurrence and development of PF. With the numerous advancements made in molecular biology in recent years, researchers have discovered that exosomes and their cargos, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins, can promote or inhibit the EMT, modulate the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, contribute to the proliferation of fibroblasts and promote immunoregulatory and mitochondrial damage during pulmonary fibrosis. Exosomes are key factors regulating the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into myofibroblasts. Interestingly, exosomes derived from BMSCs under pathological and physiological conditions may promote or inhibit the EMT of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts to regulate pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, exosomes may become a new direction in the study of drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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WNT-β-catenin signalling - a versatile player in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:172-184. [PMID: 32989282 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The WNT-β-catenin system is an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that is of particular importance for morphogenesis and cell organization during embryogenesis. The system is usually suppressed in adulthood; however, it can be re-activated in organ injury and regeneration. WNT-deficient mice display severe kidney defects at birth. Transient WNT-β-catenin activation stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, whereas sustained (uncontrolled) WNT-β-catenin signalling promotes kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), podocyte injury and proteinuria, persistent tissue damage during acute kidney injury and cystic kidney diseases. Additionally, WNT-β-catenin signalling is involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification and mineral bone disease. The WNT-β-catenin pathway is tightly regulated, for example, by proteins of the Dickkopf (DKK) family. In particular, DKK3 is released by 'stressed' tubular epithelial cells; DKK3 drives kidney fibrosis and is associated with short-term risk of CKD progression and acute kidney injury. Thus, targeting the WNT-β-catenin pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in kidney injury and associated complications.
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25
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Liu Z, Tan RJ, Liu Y. The Many Faces of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060960. [PMID: 32630493 PMCID: PMC7356035 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is implicated in regulating kidney homeostasis and diseases. MMP-7 is produced as an inactive zymogen, and proteolytic cleavage is required for its activation. MMP-7 is barely expressed in normal adult kidney but upregulated in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The expression of MMP-7 is transcriptionally regulated by Wnt/β-catenin and other cues. As a secreted protein, MMP-7 is present and increased in the urine of patients, and its levels serve as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting AKI prognosis and monitoring CKD progression. Apart from degrading components of the extracellular matrix, MMP-7 also cleaves a wide range of substrates, such as E-cadherin, Fas ligand, and nephrin. As such, it plays an essential role in regulating many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and podocyte injury. The function of MMP-7 in kidney diseases is complex and context-dependent. It protects against AKI by priming tubular cells for survival and regeneration but promotes kidney fibrosis and CKD progression. MMP-7 also impairs podocyte integrity and induces proteinuria. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, role, and mechanisms of MMP-7 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We also discussed the potential of MMP-7 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Roderick J. Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Nlandu-Khodo S, Osaki Y, Scarfe L, Yang H, Phillips-Mignemi M, Tonello J, Saito-Diaz K, Neelisetty S, Ivanova A, Huffstater T, McMahon R, Taketo MM, deCaestecker M, Kasinath B, Harris RC, Lee E, Gewin LS. Tubular β-catenin and FoxO3 interactions protect in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135454. [PMID: 32369448 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in renal development and is reexpressed in the injured kidney and other organs. β-Catenin signaling is protective in acute kidney injury (AKI) through actions on the proximal tubule, but the current dogma is that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes fibrosis and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the role of proximal tubular β-catenin signaling in CKD remains unclear, we genetically stabilized (i.e., activated) β-catenin specifically in murine proximal tubules. Mice with increased tubular β-catenin signaling were protected in 2 murine models of AKI to CKD progression. Oxidative stress, a common feature of CKD, reduced the conventional T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-dependent β-catenin signaling and augmented FoxO3-dependent activity in proximal tubule cells in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of proximal tubular β-catenin in renal injury required the presence of FoxO3 in vivo. Furthermore, we identified cystathionine γ-lyase as a potentially novel transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 interactions in the proximal tubule. Thus, our studies overturned the conventional dogma about β-catenin signaling and CKD by showing a protective effect of proximal tubule β-catenin in CKD and identified a potentially new transcriptional target of β-catenin/FoxO3 signaling that has therapeutic potential for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu-Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yosuke Osaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haichun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie Phillips-Mignemi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jane Tonello
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alla Ivanova
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert McMahon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark deCaestecker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Rianto F, Kuma A, Ellis CL, Hassounah F, Rodriguez EL, Wang XH, Sands JM, Klein JD. UT-A1/A3 knockout mice show reduced fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1160-F1166. [PMID: 32174141 PMCID: PMC7294340 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00008.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major contributor to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. A low-protein diet can reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce the development of renal fibrosis, although the mechanism is not well understood. Urea reabsorption into the inner medulla is regulated by inner medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3. Inhibition or knockout of UT-A1/A3 will reduce interstitial urea accumulation, which may be beneficial in reducing renal fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was compared in wild-type (WT) and UT-A1/A3 knockout mice. UUO causes increased extracellular matrix associated with increases in transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In WT mice, UUO increased the abundance of three markers of fibrosis: transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-SMA. In contrast, in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice, the increase following UUO was significantly reduced. Consistent with the Western blot results, immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of vimentin and α-SMA were increased in WT mice with UUO and that the increase was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen in WT mice with UUO, which was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. We conclude that reduced UT activity reduces the severity of renal fibrosis following UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Rianto
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akihiro Kuma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Carla L Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Faten Hassounah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva L Rodriguez
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Liu Y, Feng Q, Miao J, Wu Q, Zhou S, Shen W, Feng Y, Hou FF, Liu Y, Zhou L. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 aggravates renal fibrosis through activating JAK/STAT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3837-3855. [PMID: 32119183 PMCID: PMC7171406 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence worldwide. Renal fibrosis is the common pathological feature in various types of CKD. However, the underlying mechanisms are not determined. Here, we adopted different CKD mouse models and cultured human proximal tubular cell line (HKC-8) to examine the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and β-catenin signalling, as well as their relationship in renal fibrosis. In CKD mice and humans with a variety of nephropathies, CXCR4 was dramatically up-regulated in tubules, with a concomitant activation of β-catenin. CXCR4 expression level was positively correlated with the expression of β-catenin target MMP-7. AMD3100, a CXCR4 receptor blocker, and gene knockdown of CXCR4 significantly inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT and β-catenin signalling, protected against tubular injury and renal fibrosis. CXCR4-induced renal fibrosis was inhibited by treatment with ICG-001, an inhibitor of β-catenin signalling. In HKC-8 cells, overexpression of CXCR4 induced activation of β-catenin and deteriorated cell injury. These effects were inhibited by ICG-001. Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α, the ligand of CXCR4, stimulated the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and JAK3/STAT6 signalling in HKC-8 cells. Overexpression of STAT3 or STAT6 decreased the abundance of GSK3β mRNA. Silencing of STAT3 or STAT6 significantly blocked SDF-1α-induced activation of β-catenin and fibrotic lesions. These results uncover a novel mechanistic linkage between CXCR4 and β-catenin activation in renal fibrosis in association with JAK/STAT/GSK3β pathway. Our studies also suggest that targeted inhibition of CXCR4 may provide better therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis by inhibiting multiple downstream signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Liu
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, China
| | - Qijian Feng
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Miao
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preclinical data suggests that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is arguably the most potent profibrotic growth factor in kidney injury. Despite this, recent clinical trials targeting TGF-β have been disappointing. These negative studies suggest that TGF-β signaling in the injured kidney might be more complicated than originally thought. This review examines recent studies that expand our understanding of how this pleiotropic growth factor affects renal injury. RECENT FINDINGS There are recent studies showing new mechanisms whereby TGF-β can mediate injury (e.g. epigenetic effects, macrophage chemoattractant). However, more significant are the increasing reports on cross-talk between TGF-β signaling and other pathways relevant to renal injury such as Wnt/β-catenin, YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), and klotho/FGF23. TGF-β clearly alters the response to injury, not just by direct transcriptional changes on target cells, but also through effects on other signaling pathways. In T cells and tubular epithelial cells, some of these TGF-β-mediated changes are potentially beneficial. SUMMARY It is unlikely that inhibition of TGF-β per se will be a successful antifibrotic strategy, but a better understanding of TGF-β's actions may reveal promising downstream targets or modulators of signaling to target therapeutically for chronic kidney disease.
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30
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Hoi S, Tsuchiya H, Itaba N, Suzuki K, Oka H, Morimoto M, Takata T, Isomoto H, Shiota G. WNT/β-catenin signal inhibitor IC-2-derived small-molecule compounds suppress TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic response of renal epithelial cells by inhibiting SMAD2/3 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:940-946. [PMID: 32012313 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis compromises kidney function, and it is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD ultimately progresses to end-stage kidney disease that can be cured only by kidney transplantation. Owing to the increasing number of CKD patients, effective treatment strategies are urgently required for renal fibrosis. TGF-β is a well-established fibrogenic factor that signals through SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. It was shown that there is a cross-talk between TGF-β/SMAD and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in renal tubular epithelial cells, and that a WNT/β-catenin inhibitor, ICG-001, ameliorates TGF-β1induced renal fibrosis. IC-2, a derivative of ICG-001, has been shown to potently induce hepatocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting WNT/β-catenin signaling. In the present study, we examined the effect of ICG-001, IC-2, and IC-2 derivatives (IC-2-506-1, IC-2-506-2, IC-2-506-3, IC-2-Ar-Cl, IC-2-OH, IC-2-OTBS, and IC-2-F) on TGF-β1-induced SMAD activation and fibrogenic response in immortalized human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells. All these compounds inhibited LiCl-induced WNT/β-catenin reporter activation to a similar extent, whereas ICG-001, IC-2-OTBS, and IC-2-F almost completely suppressed TGF-β1-induced SMAD reporter activation without apparent cytotoxicity. Phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 by TGF-β1 was more potently inhibited by IC-2-OTBS and IC-2-F than by ICG-001 and IC-2. IC-2-F suppressed TGF-β1-induced COL1A1 protein expression, whereas IC-2-506-1 and IC-2-OTBS suppressed TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results demonstrated that IC-2 derivatives suppress the TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic response of tubular epithelial cells and thus could be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hoi
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Noriko Itaba
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Minoru Morimoto
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Takata
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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31
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Zhang L, Chen L, Gao C, Chen E, Lightle AR, Foulke L, Zhao B, Higgins PJ, Zhang W. Loss of Histone H3 K79 Methyltransferase Dot1l Facilitates Kidney Fibrosis by Upregulating Endothelin 1 through Histone Deacetylase 2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 31:337-349. [PMID: 31843983 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression rate of CKD varies substantially among patients. The genetic and epigenetic contributions that modify how individual patients respond to kidney injury are largely unknown. Emerging evidence has suggested that histone H3 K79 methyltransferase Dot1l has an antifibrotic effect by repressing Edn1, which encodes endothelin 1 in the connecting tubule/collecting duct. METHODS To determine if deletion of the Dot1l gene is a genetic and epigenetic risk factor through regulating Edn1, we studied four groups of mice: wild-type mice, connecting tubule/collecting duct-specific Dot1l conditional knockout mice (Dot1lAC ), Dot1l and Edn1 double-knockout mice (DEAC ), and Edn1 connecting tubule/collecting duct-specific conditional knockout mice (Edn1AC ), under three experimental conditions (streptozotocin-induced diabetes, during normal aging, and after unilateral ureteral obstruction). We used several approaches (colocalization, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, gel shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays) to identify and confirm interaction of Dot1a (the major Dot1l splicing variant in the mouse kidney) with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), as well as the function of the Dot1a-HDAC2 complex in regulating Edn1 transcription. RESULTS In each case, Dot1lAC mice developed more pronounced kidney fibrosis and kidney malfunction compared with wild-type mice. These Dot1lAC phenotypes were ameliorated in the double-knockout DEAC mice. The interaction between Dot1a and HDAC2 prevents the Dot1a-HDAC2 complex from association with DNA, providing a counterbalancing mechanism governing Edn1 transcription by modulating H3 K79 dimethylation and H3 acetylation at the Edn1 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms Dot1l to be a genetic and epigenetic modifier of kidney fibrosis, reveals a new mechanism regulating Edn1 transcription by Dot1a and HDAC2, and reinforces endothelin 1 as a therapeutic target of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Departments of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology and
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Chao Gao
- Departments of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology and
| | - Enuo Chen
- Departments of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology and
| | - Andrea R Lightle
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Llewellyn Foulke
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Bihong Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Song Y, Lv S, Wang F, Liu X, Cheng J, Liu S, Wang X, Chen W, Guan G, Liu G, Peng C. Overexpression of BMP‑7 reverses TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition by attenuating the Wnt3/β‑catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways in HK‑2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:833-841. [PMID: 31974602 PMCID: PMC6947920 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) has been reported to exhibit anti-fibrotic functions in various renal diseases. However, the function of BMP-7 in regulating EMT and the progression of RIF remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effect of BMP-7 on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT and the underlying mechanisms by which BMP-7 exerted its effects. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were treated with TGF-β1 for various time periods and at various concentrations and lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress BMP-7. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the viability and migration of HK-2 cells in vitro. EMT was estimated by assessing the changes in cell morphology and the expression of EMT markers. In addition, the activation of the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways were analyzed using western blotting. TGF-β1 induced EMT in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HK-2 cells. Treatment with TGF-β1 induced morphological changes, decreased cell viability and the expression of E-cadherin, increased cell migration and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast-specific protein 1, collagen I and vimentin, and activated the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways in HK-2 cells. However, BMP-7 overexpression notably reversed all these effects. These results suggest that BMP-7 effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT through the inhibition of the Wnt3/β-catenin and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways, highlighting a potential novel anti-RIF strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Gewin LS, Summers ME, Harral JW, Gaskill CF, Khodo SN, Neelisetty S, Sullivan TM, Hopp K, Reese JJ, Klemm DJ, Kon V, Ess KC, Shi W, Majka SM. Inactivation of Tsc2 in Abcg2 lineage-derived cells drives the appearance of polycystic lesions and fibrosis in the adult kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1201-F1210. [PMID: 31461347 PMCID: PMC6879939 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00629.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), or tuberin, is a pivotal regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway that controls cell survival, proliferation, growth, and migration. Loss of Tsc2 function manifests in organ-specific consequences, the mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Recent single cell analysis of the kidney has identified ATP-binding cassette G2 (Abcg2) expression in renal proximal tubules of adult mice as well as a in a novel cell population. The impact in adult kidney of Tsc2 knockdown in the Abcg2-expressing lineage has not been evaluated. We engineered an inducible system in which expression of truncated Tsc2, lacking exons 36-37 with an intact 3' region and polycystin 1, is driven by Abcg2. Here, we demonstrate that selective expression of Tsc2fl36-37 in the Abcg2pos lineage drives recombination in proximal tubule epithelial and rare perivascular mesenchymal cells, which results in progressive proximal tubule injury, impaired kidney function, formation of cystic lesions, and fibrosis in adult mice. These data illustrate the critical importance of Tsc2 function in the Abcg2-expressing proximal tubule epithelium and mesenchyme during the development of cystic lesions and remodeling of kidney parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan E Summers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Julie W Harral
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension or Allergy, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy M Sullivan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J Jeffrey Reese
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Valentina Kon
- Division of Nephrology or Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Shi
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program at the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan M Majka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Black LM, Lever JM, Agarwal A. Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis: A Double-edged Sword. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:663-681. [PMID: 31116067 PMCID: PMC6713973 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419852932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tissue injury initiates inflammatory and fibrotic processes that occur to promote regeneration and repair. After renal injury, damaged tissue releases cytokines and chemokines, which stimulate activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells to the kidney. Normal tissue repair processes occur simultaneously with activation of myofibroblasts, collagen deposition, and wound healing responses; however, prolonged activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cell types causes excess extracellular matrix deposition. This review focuses on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of specialized cell types, cytokines/chemokines, and growth factors, and their implications in recovery or exacerbation of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Black
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeremie M Lever
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Veterans Affairs, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Lu X, Rudemiller NP, Ren J, Wen Y, Yang B, Griffiths R, Privratsky JR, Madan B, Virshup DM, Crowley SD. Opposing actions of renal tubular- and myeloid-derived porcupine in obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1308-1319. [PMID: 31585741 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. We previously reported inhibition of the Wnt O-acyl transferase porcupine, required for Wnt secretion, dramatically attenuates kidney fibrosis in the murine unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Here, we investigated the tissue-specific contributions of porcupine to renal fibrosis and inflammation in ureteral obstruction using mice with porcupine deletion restricted to the kidney tubular epithelium or infiltrating myeloid cells. Obstruction of the ureter induced the renal mRNA expression of porcupine and downstream targets, β-catenin, T-cell factor, and lymphoid enhancer factor in wild type mice. Renal tubular specific deficiency of porcupine reduced the expression of collagen I and other fibrosis markers in the obstructed kidney. Moreover, kidneys from obstructed mice with tubule-specific porcupine deficiency had reduced macrophage accumulation with attenuated expression of myeloid cytokine and chemokine mRNA. In co-culture with activated macrophages, renal tubular cells from tubular-specific porcupine knockout mice had blunted induction of fibrosis mediators compared with wild type renal tubular cells. In contrast, macrophages from macrophage-specific porcupine deficient mice in co-culture with wild type renal tubular cells had markedly enhanced expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines compared to wild type macrophages. Consequently, porcupine deletion specifically within macrophages augmented renal scar formation following ureteral obstruction. Thus, our experiments suggest a benefit of interrupting Wnt secretion specifically within the kidney epithelium while preserving Wnt O-acylation in infiltrating myeloid cells during renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Babita Madan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Rauchman M, Griggs D. Emerging strategies to disrupt the central TGF-β axis in kidney fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 209:90-104. [PMID: 31085163 PMCID: PMC6850218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 20 million people in the United States and the global burden of this disorder is increasing. Many affected individuals will progress to end stage kidney disease necessitating dialysis or transplantation. CKD is also a major independent contributor to the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a final common pathway for most causes of progressive CKD. Currently, there are no clinically available therapies targeting fibrosis that can slow the decline in kidney function. Although it has long been known that TGF-β signaling is a critical mediator of kidney fibrosis, translating this knowledge to the clinic has been challenging. In this review, we highlight some recent insights into the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling that target activation of this cytokine at the site of injury or selectively inhibit pro-fibrotic gene expression. Molecules directed at these targets hold the promise of attaining therapeutic efficacy while limiting toxicity seen with global inhibition of TGF-β. Kidney injury has profound epigenetic effects leading to altered expression of more than a thousand genes. We discuss how drugs targeting epigenetic modifications, some of which are in use for cancer therapy, have the potential to reprogram gene regulatory networks to favor adaptive repair and prevent fibrosis. The lack of reliable biomarkers of kidney fibrosis is a major limitation in designing clinical trials for testing CKD treatments. We conclude by reviewing recent advances in fibrosis biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauchman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; VA St. Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - David Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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Scurt FG, Menne J, Brandt S, Bernhardt A, Mertens PR, Haller H, Chatzikyrkou C. Systemic Inflammation Precedes Microalbuminuria in Diabetes. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1373-1386. [PMID: 31701047 PMCID: PMC6829192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the case-control study was to investigate if serum biomarkers indicative of vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction can predict the development of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods Among participants enrolled in the ROADMAP (Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention) and observational follow-up (OFU) studies, a panel of 15 serum biomarkers was quantified from samples obtained at initiation of the study and tested for associations with the development of new-onset microalbuminuria during follow-up. A case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 172 patients with microalbuminuria and 188 matched controls. Nonparametric inferential, nonlinear regression, mediation, and bootstrapping statistical methods were used for the analysis. Results The median follow-up time was 37 months. At baseline, mean concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL-16), transforming growth factor (TGF)–β1 and angiopoietin-2 were higher in patients with subsequent microalbuminuria. In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), smoking status, blood pressure, baseline urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), time of follow-up and cardiovascular disease, CXCL-16 (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–3.96), angiopoietin-2 (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.14–1.98) and TGF-β1 (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) remained significant predictors of new-onset microalbuminuria (P < 0.001). Inclusion of these biomarkers in conventional clinical risk models for prediction of microalbuminuria increased the area under the curve (AUC) from 0.638 to 0.760 (P < 0.001). Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes, elevated plasma levels of CXCL-16, angiopoietin-2, and TGF-β1 are independently predictive of microalbuminuria. Thus, these serum markers improve renal risk models beyond established clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Scurt
- Clinic of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Menne
- Nephrology Section, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bernhardt
- Clinic of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Nephrology Section, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christos Chatzikyrkou
- Clinic of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Nephrology Section, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Wei Q, Su J, Dong G, Zhang M, Huo Y, Dong Z. Glycolysis inhibitors suppress renal interstitial fibrosis via divergent effects on fibroblasts and tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1162-F1172. [PMID: 30969803 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00422.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathological feature of chronic kidney disease that may involve changes of metabolism in kidney cells. In the present study, we first showed that blockade of glycolysis with either dichloroacetate (DCA) or shikonin to target different glycolytic enzymes reduced renal fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Both inhibitors evidently suppressed the induction of fibronectin and collagen type I in obstructed kidneys, with DCA also showing inhibitory effects on collagen type IV and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Histological examination also confirmed less collagen deposition in DCA-treated kidneys. Both DCA and shikonin significantly inhibited renal tubular apoptosis but not interstitial apoptosis in UUO. Macrophage infiltration after UUO injury was also suppressed. Shikonin, but not DCA, caused obvious animal weight loss during UUO. To determine whether shikonin and DCA worked on tubular cells and/or fibroblasts, we tested their effects on cultured renal proximal tubular BUMPT cells and renal NRK-49F fibroblasts during hypoxia or transforming growth factor-β1 treatment. Although both inhibitors reduced fibronectin and α-SMA production in NRK-49F cells during hypoxia or transforming growth factor-β1 treatment, they did not suppress fibronectin and α-SMA expression in BUMPT cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of glycolysis inhibitors on renal interstitial fibrosis. In this regard, DCA is more potent for fibrosis inhibition and less toxic to animals than shikonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Su
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Augusta, Georgia
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[Effect of telmisartan on expression of metadherin in the kidney of mice with unilateral ureter obstruction]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39. [PMID: 30890502 PMCID: PMC6765631 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of telmisartan on the expression of metadherin in the kidney of mice with unilateral ureter obstruction. METHODS Eighteen male C57 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, model group and telmisartan treatment group. In the latter two groups, renal interstitial fibrosis as the result of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) was induced by unilateral ureteral ligation with or without telmisartan intervention. Renal pathological changes of the mice were assessed using Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin in the kidney of the mice. In the in vitro experiment, cultured mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and transfected with a siRNA targeting metadherin, and the changes in the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin increased significantly in the kidney of mice with UUO (P < 0.05). Intervention with telmisartan significantly lowered the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin and alleviated the pathology of renal fibrosis in mice with UUO (P < 0.05). In cultured mTECs, siRNA-mediated knockdown of metadherin obviously reversed TGF-β1-induced increase in the expressions of extracellular matrix proteins and metadherin. CONCLUSIONS Telmisartan can suppress the production of extracellular matrix proteins and the expression of metadhein to attenuate UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice.
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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gewin LS. Renal fibrosis: Primacy of the proximal tubule. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:248-262. [PMID: 29425694 PMCID: PMC6015527 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease and best predictor of renal survival. Many different cell types contribute to TIF progression including tubular epithelial cells, myofibroblasts, endothelia, and inflammatory cells. Previously, most of the attention has centered on myofibroblasts given their central importance in extracellular matrix production. However, emerging data focuses on how the response of the proximal tubule, a specialized epithelial segment vulnerable to injury, plays a central role in TIF progression. Several proximal tubular responses such as de-differentiation, cell cycle changes, autophagy, and metabolic changes may be adaptive initially, but can lead to maladaptive responses that promote TIF both through autocrine and paracrine effects. This review discusses the current paradigm of TIF progression and the increasingly important role of the proximal tubule in promoting TIF both in tubulointerstitial and glomerular injuries. A better understanding and appreciation of the role of the proximal tubule in TIF has important implications for therapeutic strategies to halt chronic kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Gewin
- The Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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Steiger S, Grill JF, Ma Q, Bäuerle T, Jordan J, Smolle M, Böhland C, Lech M, Anders HJ. Anti-Transforming Growth Factor β IgG Elicits a Dual Effect on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization and Progressive Nephrocalcinosis-Related Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:619. [PMID: 29651290 PMCID: PMC5884871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by intrinsic or environmental microparticles or crystals, promoting tissue inflammation and scarring. Certain proteins interfere with crystal formation and growth, e.g., with intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation, a common cause of kidney stone disease or nephrocalcinosis-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that immunoglobulins can modulate CaOx microcrystal formation and crystal growth and that therefore, biological IgG-based drugs designed to specifically target disease modifying proteins would elicit a dual effect on the outcome of CaOx-related crystallopathies. Indeed, both the anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)β IgG and control IgG1 antibody impaired CaOx crystallization in vitro, and decreased intrarenal CaOx crystal deposition and subsequent CKD in mice on an oxalate-rich diet compared to oxalate-fed control mice. However, the TGFβ-specific IgG antibody showed nephroprotective effects beyond those of control IgG1 and substantially reduced interstitial fibrosis as indicated by magnetic resonance imaging, silver and α-smooth muscle actin staining, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry for pro-fibrotic macrophages. Suppressing interstitial fibrosis slowed the decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to treatment with control IgG1 [slope of m = −8.9 vs. m = −14.5 μl/min/100 g body weight (BW)/day, Δ = 38.3%], an increased GFR at the end of the study (120.4 vs. 42.6 μl/min/100 g BW, Δ = 64.6%), and prolonged end stage renal disease (ESRD)-free renal survival by 10 days (Δ = 38.5%). Delayed onset of anti-TGFβ IgG from day 7 was no longer effective. Our results suggest that biological drugs can elicit dual therapeutic effects on intrinsic crystallopathies, such as anti-TGFβ IgG antibody treatment inhibits CaOx crystallization as well as interstitial fibrosis in nephrocalcinosis-related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Felicitas Grill
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Smolle
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Biomedizinisches Centrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Böhland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Burgy O, Königshoff M. The WNT signaling pathways in wound healing and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:67-80. [PMID: 29572156 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathways are major regulators of organ development. Ample research over the past few decades revealed that these pathways are critically involved in adult tissue homeostasis and stem cell function as well as the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. In this review, we will describe the different WNT signal pathways, summarize the current evidence of WNT signal involvement in wound healing and fibrosis, and highlight potential novel therapeutic options for fibrotic disorders targeting WNT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Renal Tubule Repair: Is Wnt/β-Catenin a Friend or Foe? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020058. [PMID: 29364168 PMCID: PMC5852554 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is extremely important for proper kidney development. This pathway is also upregulated in injured renal tubular epithelia, both in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The renal tubular epithelium is an important target of kidney injury, and its response (repair versus persistent injury) is critical for determining whether tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of chronic kidney disease, develops. This review discusses how Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the injured tubular epithelia promotes either repair or fibrosis after kidney injury. There is data suggesting that epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling is beneficial in acute kidney injury and important in tubular progenitors responsible for epithelial repair. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronically injured epithelia is less clear. There is convincing data that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in interstitial fibroblasts and pericytes contributes to the extracellular matrix accumulation that defines fibrosis. However, some recent studies question whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling in chronically injured epithelia actually promotes fibrosis or repair.
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45
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Renal fibrosis: Recent translational aspects. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:318-332. [PMID: 29292218 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrogenesis is the common final pathway to all renal injuries that consequently leads to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Renal fibrogenesis corresponds to the replacement of renal functional tissue by extra-cellular matrix proteins, mainly collagens, that ultimately impairs kidney function. Blockade of the renin angiotensin system by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) was the first strategy that proved efficient to blunt the development of renal fibrogenesis independently of its systemic action on blood pressure. Although this strategy has been published 20years ago, there is to date no novel therapeutic targets that are both safe and efficient in hindering renal fibrogenesis and CKD in humans, nor there is any new biomarker to precisely quantify this process. In our review, we will focus on the most recent pathways leading to fibrogenesis which have a high therapeutic potential in humans and on the most promising biomarkers of renal fibrosis.
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Basile DP, Mehrotra P. Surprising Enhancement of Fibrosis by Tubule-Specific Deletion of the TGF- β Receptor: A New Twist on an Old Paradigm. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3427-3429. [PMID: 29074738 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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