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Bailey HS, Mehrotra P, Drinkwater KJ, Howlett DC. National audit of seven-day working care in radiology. BJR Open 2021; 3:20200046. [PMID: 34381943 PMCID: PMC8320131 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the extent to which our current provision of diagnostic and interventional radiology services matches existing clinical demand and future government proposals as set out in the Royal College of Radiologists published guidance on providing seven-day acute care. Methods In June 2018, all UK radiology department audit leads were sent a questionnaire designed to assess compliance for each standard of the Royal College of Radiologists published guidance on providing seven-day acute care. Results 135 hospitals (68%) responded. Of those that responded, 96% of departments have a diagnostic radiologist rota for clinicians to discuss acute cases and review imaging and 48% of departments do not have a fully staffed consultant rota 24 h a day, seven days a week for interventional radiology. There is significant variance in MRI radiographer availability within departments, ranging from 18.8% during Saturday/Sunday evening/overnight up to a maximum of 63.9% during Saturday daytime. 11% of departments participate in a regional out of hours cross-organisation reporting rota. 40% of departments have no 24/7 RIS technical support and 34% have no PACS technical support out of hours. Conclusion There is a wide variation in practice across radiology departments in the UK. Although there are some standards that the majority of hospitals are achieving, there is a significant short-fall in fundamental aspects of providing acute seven-day care. The multifactorial nature in which these problems have arisen means there is no easy solution to combat these issues. There is a requirement for significant investment and political commitment to improve staffing and infrastructure in order to address the current situation. Advances in knowledge A UK wide evaluation of the current provision of seven-day working in radiology showing 54% of hospitals do not have a UK working-time regulations compliant Interventional radiology rota, severe lack of availability of acute MRI out of hours and significant deficiencies in providing technical support out of hours. A sustainable and efficient seven-day service is currently not being provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Bailey
- Department of Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - P Mehrotra
- Department of Radiology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | | | - D C Howlett
- Department of Radiology, Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, UK
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Basile DP, Ullah MM, Collet JA, Mehrotra P. T helper 17 cells in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:12-28. [PMID: 33789382 PMCID: PMC8041630 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic kidney disease have a strong underlying inflammatory component. This review focuses primarily on T helper 17 (Th17) cells as mediators of inflammation and their potential to modulate acute and chronic kidney disease. We provide updated information on factors and signaling pathways that promote Th17 cell differentiation with specific reference to kidney disease. We highlight numerous clinical studies that have investigated Th17 cells in the setting of human kidney disease and provide updated summaries from various experimental animal models of kidney disease indicating an important role for Th17 cells in renal fibrosis and hypertension. We focus on the pleiotropic effects of Th17 cells in different renal cell types as potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of kidney disease. Finally, we highlight studies that present contrasting roles for Th17 cells in kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jason A Collet
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Lee Y, Mehrotra P, Basile D, Ullah M, Singh A, Skill N, Younes ST, Sasser J, Shekhar A, Singh J. Specific Lowering of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine by Pharmacological Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Improves Endothelial Function, Reduces Blood Pressure and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:181-189. [PMID: 33214214 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are strongly associated with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and renal disease. Genetic studies in rodents have provided evidence that ADMA metabolizing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)-1 plays a role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains to be established whether ADMA is a bystander, biomarker, or sufficient contributor to the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease. The goal of the present investigation was to develop a pharmacological molecule to specifically lower ADMA and determine the physiologic consequences of ADMA lowering in animal models. Further, we sought to determine whether ADMA lowering will produce therapeutic benefits in vascular disease in which high ADMA levels are produced. A novel long-acting recombinant DDAH (M-DDAH) was produced by post-translational modification, which effectively lowered ADMA in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with M-DDAH improved endothelial function as measured by increase in cGMP and in vitro angiogenesis. In a rat model of hypertension, M-DDAH significantly reduced blood pressure (vehicle: 187 ± 19 mm Hg vs. M-DDAH: 157 ± 23 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Similarly, in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, M-DDAH significantly improved renal function as measured by reduction in serum creatinine (vehicle: 3.14 ± 0.74 mg/dl vs. M-DDAH: 1.1 ± 0.75 mg/dl; P < 0.01), inflammation, and injured tubules (vehicle: 73.1 ± 11.1% vs. M-DDAH: 22.1 ± 18.4%; P < 0.001). These pharmacological studies have provided direct evidence for a pathologic role of ADMA and the therapeutic benefits of ADMA lowering in preclinical models of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: High levels of ADMA occur in patients with cardiovascular and renal disease. A novel modified dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase by PEGylation effectively lowers ADMA, improves endothelial function, reduces blood pressure and protects from ischemia-reperfusion renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lee
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - David Basile
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Mahbub Ullah
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Arshnoor Singh
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Nicholas Skill
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Subhi Talal Younes
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Sasser
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
| | - Jaipal Singh
- Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana (Y.L., Ar.S., J.S.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (P.M., D.B., M.U., N.S., Ar.S., J.S.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi (S.T.Y., Je.S.); and Vasculonics LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.S.)
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Mehrotra P, Ullah MM, Collett JA, Myers SL, Dwinell MR, Geurts AM, Basile DP. Mutation of RORγT reveals a role for Th17 cells in both injury and recovery from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F796-F808. [PMID: 32924545 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00187.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the setting of acute kidney injury, the gene encoding the master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation, that is, RAR-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγT), was mutated in Lewis rats using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In response to 40 min of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), RAR-related orphan receptor C (Rorc)-/- rats were resistant to injury relative to wild-type Rorc+/+ rats. This protection was associated with inhibition of IL-17 expression and reduced infiltration of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and macrophages. To evaluate the effect of Th17 cells on repair, ischemia was increased to 50 min in Rorc-/- rats. This maneuver equalized the initial level of injury in Rorc-/- and Rorc+/+ rats 1 to 2 days post-I/R based on serum creatinine values. However, Rorc-/- rats, but not Rorc+/+ rats, failed to successfully recover renal function and had high mortality by 4 days post-I/R. Histological assessment of kidney tubules showed evidence of repair by day 4 post-I/R in Rorc+/+ rats but persistent necrosis and elevated cell proliferation in Rorc-/- rats. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ cells from the spleen of Rorc+/+ rats or supplementation of exogenous rIL-17 by an osmotic minipump improved renal function and survival of Rorc-/- rats following 50 min of I/R. This was associated with a relative decrease in the number of M1-type macrophages and a relative increase in the percentage of T regulatory cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Th17 cells have both a deleterious and a beneficial role in kidney injury and recovery, contributing to early postischemic injury and inflammation but also possibly being critical in the resolution of inflammation during kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason A Collett
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah L Myers
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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5
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Mehrotra P, Sturek M, Neyra JA, Basile DP. Calcium channel Orai1 promotes lymphocyte IL-17 expression and progressive kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4951-4961. [PMID: 31415242 DOI: 10.1172/jci126108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channel, Orai1, participates in the activation of Th17 cells and influences renal injury. In rats, following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), there was a rapid and sustained influx of Orai1+ CD4 T cells and IL-17 expression was restricted to Orai1+ cells. When kidney CD4+ cells of post-acute kidney injury (post-AKI) rats were stimulated with angiotensin II and elevated Na+ (10-7 M/170 mM) in vitro, there was an enhanced response in intracellular Ca2+ and IL-17 expression, which was blocked by SOCE inhibitors 2APB, YM58483/BTP2, or AnCoA4. In vivo, YM58483/BTP2 (1 mg/kg) attenuated IL-17+ cell activation, inflammation, and severity of AKI following either I/R or intramuscular glycerol injection. Rats treated with high-salt diet (5-9 weeks after I/R) manifested progressive disease indicated by enhanced inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired renal function. These responses were significantly attenuated by YM58483/BTP2. In peripheral blood of critically ill patients, Orai1+ cells were significantly elevated by approximately 10-fold and Th17 cells were elevated by approximately 4-fold in AKI versus non-AKI patients. Further, in vitro stimulation of CD4+ cells from AKI patients increased IL-17, which was blocked by SOCE inhibitors. These data suggest that Orai1 SOCE is a potential therapeutic target in AKI and CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Javier A Neyra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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6
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Mehrotra P, Sturek M, Neyra JA, Basile DP. Calcium channel Orai1 promotes lymphocyte IL-17 expression and progressive kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1052. [PMID: 32011316 DOI: 10.1172/jci135716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Rodriguez S, Abundis C, Boccalatte F, Mehrotra P, Chiang MY, Yui MA, Wang L, Zhang H, Zollman A, Bonfim-Silva R, Kloetgen A, Palmer J, Sandusky G, Wunderlich M, Kaplan MH, Mulloy JC, Marcucci G, Aifantis I, Cardoso AA, Carlesso N. Therapeutic targeting of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in T-ALL. Leukemia 2019; 34:1241-1252. [PMID: 31772299 PMCID: PMC7192844 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Timed degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box protein SKP2 is critical for T-cell progression into cell cycle, coordinating proliferation and differentiation processes. SKP2 expression is regulated by mitogenic stimuli and by Notch signaling, a key pathway in T-cell development and in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL); however, it is not known whether SKP2 plays a role in the development of T-ALL. Here, we determined that SKP2 function is relevant for T-ALL leukemogenesis, whereas is dispensable for T-cell development. Targeted inhibition of SKP2 by genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade markedly inhibited proliferation of human T-ALL cells in vitro and antagonized disease in vivo in murine and xenograft leukemia models, with little effect on normal tissues. We also demonstrate a novel feed forward feedback loop by which Notch and IL-7 signaling cooperatively converge on SKP2 induction and cell cycle activation. These studies show that the Notch/SKP2/p27Kip1 pathway plays a unique role in T-ALL development and provide a proof-of-concept for the use of SKP2 as a new therapeutic target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodriguez
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christina Abundis
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Francesco Boccalatte
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark Y Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary A Yui
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amy Zollman
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ricardo Bonfim-Silva
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joycelynne Palmer
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Mehrotra P, Collett JA, Gunst SJ, Basile DP. Th17 cells contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation during chronic kidney disease progression after acute ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R265-R273. [PMID: 29118018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00147.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality rates and predisposes development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Distant organ damage, particularly in the lung, may contribute to mortality in AKI patients. Animal models of AKI demonstrate an increase in pulmonary infiltration of lymphocytes and reveal an acute compromise of lung function, but the chronic effects of AKI on pulmonary inflammation are unknown. We hypothesized that in response to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), there is a persistent systemic increase in Th17 cells with potential effects on pulmonary structure and function. Renal I/R injury was performed on rats, and CKD progression was hastened by unilateral nephrectomy and exposure to 4.0% sodium diet between 35 and 63 days post-I/R. Th17 cells in peripheral blood showed a progressive increase up to 63 days after recovery from I/R injury. Infiltration of leukocytes including Th17 cells was also elevated in bronchiolar lavage (BAL) fluid 7 days after I/R and remained elevated for up to 63 days. Lung histology demonstrated an increase in alveolar cellularity and a significant increase in picrosirius red staining. Suppression of lymphocytes with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or an IL-17 antagonist significantly reduced Th17 cell infiltration and fibrosis in lung. In addition, tracheal smooth muscle contraction to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced 63-days after I/R relative to sham-operated controls. These data suggest that AKI is associated with a persistent increase in circulating and lung Th17 cells which may promote pulmonary fibrosis and the potential alteration in airway contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason A Collett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
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Basile DP, Mehrotra P. Surprising Enhancement of Fibrosis by Tubule-Specific Deletion of the TGF- β Receptor: A New Twist on an Old Paradigm. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3427-3429. [PMID: 29074738 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Collett JA, Traktuev DO, Mehrotra P, Crone A, Merfeld-Clauss S, March KL, Basile DP. Human adipose stromal cell therapy improves survival and reduces renal inflammation and capillary rarefaction in acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1420-1430. [PMID: 28455887 PMCID: PMC5487924 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to endothelial cells contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) by causing impaired perfusion, while the permanent loss of the capillary network following AKI has been suggested to promote chronic kidney disease. Therefore, strategies to protect renal vasculature may impact both short‐term recovery and long‐term functional preservation post‐AKI. Human adipose stromal cells (hASCs) possess pro‐angiogenic and anti‐inflammatory properties and therefore have been tested as a therapeutic agent to treat ischaemic conditions. This study evaluated hASC potential to facilitate recovery from AKI with specific attention to capillary preservation and inflammation. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral ischaemia/reperfusion and allowed to recover for either two or seven days. At the time of reperfusion, hASCs or vehicle was injected into the suprarenal abdominal aorta. hASC‐treated rats had significantly greater survival compared to vehicle‐treated rats (88.7% versus 69.3%). hASC treatment showed hastened recovery as demonstrated by lower creatinine levels at 48 hrs, while tubular damage was significantly reduced at 48 hrs. hASC treatment resulted in a significant decrease in total T cell and Th17 cell infiltration into injured kidneys at 2 days post‐AKI, but an increase in accumulation of regulatory T cells. By day 7, hASC‐treated rats showed significantly attenuated capillary rarefaction in the cortex (15% versus 5%) and outer medulla (36% versus 18%) compared to vehicle‐treated rats as well as reduced accumulation of interstitial alpha‐smooth muscle actin‐positive myofibroblasts. These results suggest for the first time that hASCs improve recovery from I/R‐induced injury by mechanisms that contribute to decrease in inflammation and preservation of peritubular capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Collett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dmitry O Traktuev
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine Indianapolis, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Allison Crone
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine Indianapolis, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith L March
- VA Center for Regenerative Medicine Indianapolis, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Collett JA, Mehrotra P, Crone A, Shelley WC, Yoder MC, Basile DP. Endothelial colony-forming cells ameliorate endothelial dysfunction via secreted factors following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F897-F907. [PMID: 28228404 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00643.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to endothelial cells contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) by leading to impaired perfusion. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are endothelial precursor cells with high proliferative capacity, pro-angiogenic activity, and in vivo vessel forming potential. We hypothesized that ECFC may ameliorate the degree of AKI and/or promote repair of the renal vasculature following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) with high proliferative potential were compared with pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) with low proliferative potential in rats subjected to renal I/R. PMVEC administration reduced renal injury and hastened recovery as indicated by serum creatinine and tubular injury scores, while PAEC did not. Vehicle-treated control animals showed consistent reductions in renal medullary blood flow (MBF) within 2 h of reperfusion, while PMVEC protected against loss in MBF as measured by laser Doppler. Interestingly, PMVEC mediated protection occurred in the absence of homing to the kidney. Conditioned medium (CM) from human cultured cord blood ECFC also conveyed beneficial effects against I/R injury and loss of MBF. Moreover, ECFC-CM significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and decreased the number of differentiated lymphocytes typically recruited into the kidney following renal ischemia. Taken together, these data suggest that ECFC secrete factors that preserve renal function post ischemia, in part, by preserving microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Collett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Allison Crone
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
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12
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Collett JA, Corridon PR, Mehrotra P, Kolb AL, Rhodes GJ, Miller CA, Molitoris BA, Pennington JG, Sandoval RM, Atkinson SJ, Campos-Bilderback SB, Basile DP, Bacallao RL. Hydrodynamic Isotonic Fluid Delivery Ameliorates Moderate-to-Severe Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2081-2092. [PMID: 28122967 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly aerobic organs like the kidney are innately susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can originate from sources including myocardial infarction, renal trauma, and transplant. Therapy is mainly supportive and depends on the cause(s) of damage. In the absence of hypervolemia, intravenous fluid delivery is frequently the first course of treatment but does not reverse established AKI. Evidence suggests that disrupting leukocyte adhesion may prevent the impairment of renal microvascular perfusion and the heightened inflammatory response that exacerbate ischemic renal injury. We investigated the therapeutic potential of hydrodynamic isotonic fluid delivery (HIFD) to the left renal vein 24 hours after inducing moderate-to-severe unilateral IRI in rats. HIFD significantly increased hydrostatic pressure within the renal vein. When conducted after established AKI, 24 hours after I/R injury, HIFD produced substantial and statistically significant decreases in serum creatinine levels compared with levels in animals given an equivalent volume of saline via peripheral infusion (P<0.05). Intravital confocal microscopy performed immediately after HIFD showed improved microvascular perfusion. Notably, HIFD also resulted in immediate enhancement of parenchymal labeling with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. HIFD also associated with a significant reduction in the accumulation of renal leukocytes, including proinflammatory T cells. Additionally, HIFD significantly reduced peritubular capillary erythrocyte congestion and improved histologic scores of tubular injury 4 days after IRI. Taken together, these results indicate that HIFD performed after establishment of AKI rapidly restores microvascular perfusion and small molecule accessibility, with improvement in overall renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Corridon
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Alexander L Kolb
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | | | | | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Simon J Atkinson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | | | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, .,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Mehrotra P, Collett JA, McKinney SD, Stevens J, Ivancic CM, Basile DP. IL-17 mediates neutrophil infiltration and renal fibrosis following recovery from ischemia reperfusion: compensatory role of natural killer cells in athymic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F385-F397. [PMID: 27852609 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00462.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies suggest that Th17 cells participate during the AKI-to-CKD transition, and inhibition of T cell activity by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or losartan attenuates the development of fibrosis following AKI. We hypothesized that T cell-deficient rats may have reduced levels of IL-17 cytokine leading to decreased fibrosis following AKI. Renal ischemis-reperfusion (I/R) was performed on T cell-deficient athymic rats (Foxn1rnu-/rnu-) and control euthymic rats (Foxn1rnu-/+), and CKD progression was hastened by unilateral nephrectomy at day 33 and subsequent exposure to 4.0% sodium diet. Renal fibrosis developed in euthymic rats and was reduced by MMF treatment. Athymic rats exhibited a similar degree of fibrosis, but this was unaffected by MMF treatment. FACS analysis demonstrated that the number of IL-17+ cells was similar between postischemic athymic vs. euthymic rats. The source of IL-17 production in euthymic rats was predominately from conventional T cells (CD3+/CD161-). In the absence of conventional T cells in athymic rats, a compensatory pathway involving natural killer cells (CD3-/CD161+) was the primary source of IL-17. Blockade of IL-17 activity using IL-17Rc receptor significantly decreased fibrosis and neutrophil recruitment in both euthymic and athymic rats compared with vehicle-treated controls. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-17 secretion participates in the pathogenesis of AKI-induced fibrosis possibly via the recruitment of neutrophils and that the source of IL-17 may be from either conventional T cells or NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason A Collett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Seth D McKinney
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jackson Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carlie M Ivancic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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14
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de Bragança AC, Volpini RA, Mehrotra P, Andrade L, Basile DP. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to vascular damage in sustained ischemic acute kidney injury. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/13/e12829. [PMID: 27369932 PMCID: PMC4945834 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductions in renal microvasculature density and increased lymphocyte activity may play critical roles in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tubulointerstitial damage and fibrosis progression following IRI‐AKI. We evaluated the effect of vitamin D deficiency in sustained IRI‐AKI, hypothesizing that such deficiency contributes to the early reduction in renal capillary density or alters the lymphocyte response to IRI. Wistar rats were fed vitamin D‐free or standard diets for 35 days. On day 28, rats were randomized into four groups: control, vitamin D deficient (VDD), bilateral IRI, and VDD+IRI. Indices of renal injury and recovery were evaluated for up to 7 days following the surgical procedures. VDD rats showed reduced capillary density (by cablin staining), even in the absence of renal I/R. In comparison with VDD and IRI rats, VDD+IRI rats manifested a significant exacerbation of capillary rarefaction as well as higher urinary volume, kidney weight/body weight ratio, tissue injury scores, fibroblast‐specific protein‐1, and alpha‐smooth muscle actin. VDD+IRI rats also had higher numbers of infiltrating activated CD4+ and CD8+ cells staining for interferon gamma and interleukin‐17, with a significant elevation in the Th17/T‐regulatory cell ratio. These data suggest that vitamin D deficiency impairs renal repair responses to I/R injury, exacerbates changes in renal capillary density, as well as promoting fibrosis and inflammation, which may contribute to the transition from AKI to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C de Bragança
- Division of Nephrology, Laboratory of Basic Science LIM-12, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rildo A Volpini
- Division of Nephrology, Laboratory of Basic Science LIM-12, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lúcia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, Laboratory of Basic Science LIM-12, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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15
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Mehrotra P, Patel JB, Ivancic CM, Collett JA, Basile DP. Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following acute kidney injury is associated with progressive fibrosis and attenuated by AT-1R antagonism. Kidney Int 2015; 88:776-84. [PMID: 26200947 PMCID: PMC4589446 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rats to elevated dietary salt following recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) accelerates the transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in postischemic kidneys to worsen renal inflammation and fibrosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral ischemia-reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of CD4(+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened CKD and interstitial fibrosis. Activated T cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post-AKI rats before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for IL-17, indicative of Th-17 cells. Because angiotensin II activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured rats were given the AT1R antagonist, losartan, along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham rats, and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in fibrosis to about half. In vitro studies in AKI-primed CD4(+) T cells indicated that angiotensin II and extracellular sodium enhanced, and losartan inhibited, IL-17 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in CKD progression post-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaymin B Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carlie M Ivancic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason A Collett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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16
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Mehrotra P, Krishnamurthy P, Sun J, Goenka S, Kaplan MH. Poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase-14 promotes T helper 17 and follicular T helper development. Immunology 2015. [PMID: 26222149 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are critical determinants of T helper cell fate and require a variety of co-factors to activate gene expression. We previously identified the ADP ribosyl-transferase poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase 14 (PARP-14) as a co-factor of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 that is important in B-cell and T-cell responses to interleukin-4, particularly in the differentiation of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. However, whether PARP-14 functions during the development of other T helper subsets is not known. In this report we demonstrate that PARP-14 is highly expressed in Th17 cells, and that PARP-14 deficiency and pharmacological blockade of PARP activity result in diminished Th17 differentiation in vitro and in a model of allergic airway inflammation. We further show that PARP-14 is expressed in T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and Tfh cell development is impaired in PARP-14-deficient mice following immunization with sheep red blood cells or inactivated influenza virus. Decreases in Th17 and Tfh development are correlated with diminished phospho-STAT3 and decreased expression of the interleukin-6 receptor α-chain in T cells. Together, these studies demonstrate that PARP-14 regulates multiple cytokine responses during inflammatory immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Purna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shreevrat Goenka
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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17
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Riley JP, Kulkarni A, Mehrotra P, Koh B, Perumal NB, Kaplan MH, Goenka S. PARP-14 binds specific DNA sequences to promote Th2 cell gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83127. [PMID: 24376650 PMCID: PMC3869773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-14, a member of the poly ADP-ribose polymerase super family, promotes T helper cell 2 (Th2) differentiation by regulating interleukin-4 (IL-4) and STAT6-dependent transcription. Yet, whether PARP-14 globally impacts gene regulation has not been determined. In this report, using an RNA pol II ChIP-seq approach, we identify genes in Th2 cells that are regulated by PARP-14, and either dependent or independent of ADP-ribosyltransferase catalytic activity. Our data demonstrate that PARP-14 enhances the expression of Th2 genes as it represses the expression of Th1-associated genes. Among the relevant targets are Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription genes required for polarizing Th1 and Th2 cells. To define a mechanism for PARP-14 function, we use an informatics approach to identify putative PARP-14 DNA binding sites. Two putative PARP-14 binding motifs are identified in multiple Th2 cytokine genes, and we demonstrate that PARP-14 interacts with each motif using in vitro binding assays. Taken together our results indicate that PARP-14 is an important factor for T helper cell differentiation and it binds to specific DNA sequences to mediate its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Aishwarya Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- School of Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Byunghee Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Narayanan B. Perumal
- School of Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shreevrat Goenka
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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18
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Turner MJ, Dasilva-Arnold SC, Yi Q, Mehrotra P, Kaplan MH, Travers JB. Topical application of a vitamin D analogue exacerbates atopic dermatitis and induces the atopic dermatitis-like phenotype in Stat6VT mice. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:574-8. [PMID: 23889122 PMCID: PMC3770906 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcipotriene is a topical vitamin D3 analogue approved for the treatment of plaque and scalp psoriasis. We report the case of a 2-year-old boy whose atopic dermatitis (AD) flared in response to application of calcipotriene 0.005% cream and solution for a mistaken diagnosis of plaque and scalp psoriasis. We investigated whether the patient's eruption was secondary to an allergic contact dermatitis. In the Stat6VT mouse model of AD we tested whether calcipotriene could induce the otherwise-spontaneous AD-like phenotype. Closed patch testing was done on the patient with calcipotriene solution and cream, moisturizing cream, and 51% isopropanol. Stat6VT and wild-type (WT) mice were treated for 7 days with calcipotriene solution or vehicle (isopropanol) applied to the right and left upper back skin, respectively, after which mice were followed longitudinally for 10 weeks. Biopsy specimens from prior treatment sites were then collected for histology and RNA isolation. RNA was analyzed for interleukin (IL-4) expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Patch testing was negative. Stat6VT mice, in contrast to WT mice, developed a persistent eczematous dermatitis at sites of calcipotriene application. Clinical and histologic features and high IL-4 transcript levels were consistent with the spontaneous AD-like phenotype seen in Stat6VT mice. At sites of active disease, calcipotriene can worsen a flare of AD. In Stat6VT mice, calcipotriene can induce the AD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Turner
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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19
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Tan TC, Flynn AW, Mehrotra P, Nunes MP, Shahian DM, Picard MH, Afilalo J. Incremental value of the echocardiogram to predict short- and long-term mortality and morbidity after surgical aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Ramesh S, Mehrotra P, Saggurti N, Mahapthra B, Mishra R. P3.421 Contributions of Intensive HIV Prevention Programme in Increasing HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in India: A Decomposition Analysis. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Mehrotra P, McQueen A, Kolla S, Johnson SJ, Richardson DL. Does elastography reduce the need for thyroid FNAs? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:942-9. [PMID: 23173945 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound elastography (USE) assesses lesion stiffness by evaluating tissue distortion in response to stress; it is emerging as a potentially useful tool to augment the ultrasound characterisation of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of USE examination of thyroid nodules compared with pathological outcome, especially to determine whether USE could reliably detect benign nodules and reduce the numbers of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USgFNAC). DESIGN Over a three-year period, thyroid nodules were initially characterised by B-mode ultrasound (US) findings. Where USgFNAC was indicated by clinical concern and/or the sonographic appearances, the lesion was then subjected to USE by an experienced operator prior to the USgFNAC. PATIENTS 147 thyroid nodules were examined by USE and USgFNAC in 146 patients. MEASUREMENTS The elastographic appearance was subjectively categorized at the time of the examination (soft, intermediate or hard) and subsequently compared with the cytological/histological outcome. RESULTS A total of 122 nodules were non-neoplastic, 5 nodules were benign neoplasms, 10 nodules had indeterminate cytology and 10 were malignant neoplasms. The sensitivity of USE for malignancy was 90.0%, specificity was 79.6%, PPV was 24.3%, NPV was 99.1% and accuracy was 80.3%. CONCLUSION Thyroid nodules that are soft at USE have a high likelihood of being non-neoplastic and subjective USE assessment of thyroid nodules by an experienced operator can be a useful means of avoiding USgFNAC for benign nodules. In contrast, we suggest that all nodules that are intermediate or hard on USE undergo USgFNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- Department of Radiology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7T, UK.
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23
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Lott JM, Sehra S, Mehrotra P, Mickler EA, Fisher AJ, Zhang W, Presson RG, Busk MF, Goenka S, Gunst SJ, Kaplan MH, Wilkes DS, Wenzel SE. Type V collagen-induced tolerance prevents airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:454-7. [PMID: 23418334 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.187.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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24
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Mehrotra P, Mishra KP, Raman G, Banerjee G. Differential regulation of free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) by contact allergens and irritants in human keratinocyte cell line. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 15:343-50. [PMID: 20021054 DOI: 10.1080/15376520500191490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses to chemicals resulting in sensitization and the appearance of allergic responses following subsequent exposures are dependent upon activation of T lymphocytes. On the contrary, irritant responses are independent of immune response. The aim of this project was to identify the differential signaling cascade operated in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Recently, we have shown that keratinocyte cell line A431 can function as an antigen presenting cell (APC) and hence can be used as a model to differentiate between an allergen and irritant molecule. Allergen- and irritant-induced regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) has been explored. Irritants induce release of ROS even at noncytotoxic concentration. ROS generation by allergens was not detected at nontoxic concentration but as the concentration was increased to a toxic dose there was a drastic increase in the ROS level compared to the untreated cells. Hence, the regulation of ROS is not significant in allergic responses but important in irritant responses. The major difference exists in the fact that the source of ROS for irritants is mitochondria, while that of allergens is mostly cytosolic. Antioxidant-induced protection from irritant-induced cell death has also been demonstrated. NO level was found to increase by allergens and irritants in a concentration-dependent manner. Hence, the regulation of ROS and NO can be used as important mediators in contact allergic and irritant dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Environmental Safety Laboratory, Hindustan Lever Research Centre, MumbaiIndia
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25
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Mehrotra P, Hollenbeck A, Riley JP, Li F, Patel RJ, Akhtar N, Goenka S. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 and its enzyme activity regulates T(H)2 differentiation and allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:521-31.e1-12. [PMID: 22841009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-4 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) play an important role in the progression of allergic airway disease (AAD) or asthma. IL-4 and STAT6 mediate T(H)2 responses in T cells and immunoglobulin class-switching to IgE in B cells. Both T(H)2 responses and IgE promote the asthmatic condition. We have previously demonstrated that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 14, a member of the PARP family of proteins, regulates the transcription function of STAT6. However, the role of PARP-14 in AAD is not known. OBJECTIVE Here we investigate the role of PARP-14 and the enzyme activity associated with it in a model of AAD dependent on airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation. We also elucidate the mechanism by which PARP-14 regulates AAD. METHODS The role of PARP-14 and its enzyme activity in AAD and T(H)2 differentiation were examined by using a murine model of AAD and in vitro T(H) cell differentiation. RESULTS PARP-14-deficient animals show reduced lung pathology and IgE levels when compared with control animals. Treating mice with a pharmacologic inhibitor for PARP activity reduced the severity of airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation. Mechanistically, our data indicate that PARP-14 and its enzyme activity aid in the differentiation of T cells toward a T(H)2 phenotype by regulating the binding of STAT6 to the Gata3 promoter. CONCLUSION PARP-14 and the catalytic activity associated with it promote T(H)2 differentiation and AAD in a murine model, and targeting PARP-14 might be a potential new therapy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research and the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind, USA
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Braundmeier AG, Dayger CA, Mehrotra P, Belton RJ, Nowak RA. EMMPRIN is secreted by human uterine epithelial cells in microvesicles and stimulates metalloproteinase production by human uterine fibroblast cells. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:1292-301. [PMID: 22729071 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112450332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial remodeling is a physiological process involved in the gynecological disease, endometriosis. Tissue remodeling is directed by uterine fibroblast production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Several MMPs are regulated directly by the protein extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and also by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)1-α/β. We hypothesized that human uterine epithelial cells (HESs) secrete intact EMMPRIN to stimulate MMPs. Microvesicles from HES cell-conditioned medium (CM) expressed intact EMMPRIN protein. Treatment of HES cells with estradiol or phorbyl 12-myristate-13-acetate increased the release of EMMPRIN-containing microvesicles. The HES CM stimulated MMP-1, -2, and -3 messenger RNA levels in human uterine fibroblasts (HUFs) and EMMPRIN immunodepletion from HES-cell concentrated CM reduced MMP stimulation (P < .05). Treatment of HUF cells with low concentrations of IL-1β/α stimulated MMP production (P < .05). These results indicate that HES cells regulate MMP production by HUF cells by secretion of EMMPRIN, in response to ovarian hormones, proinflammatory cytokines as well as activation of protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Braundmeier
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Eissenberg T, Mehrotra P, Azab M, Carroll MV, Afifi RA, Primack BA. Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:986-92. [PMID: 22525279 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING While waterpipe and cigarette smoking have been well studied in Syria and Lebanon, data from Jordan are limited. OBJECTIVES To characterize the relative prevalence of waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan, and to compare the demographic and environmental factors associated with each form of tobacco use. DESIGN We surveyed 1845 students randomly recruited from four universities in Jordan. We used multivariable logistic regression controlling for clustering of individuals within universities to determine associations between demographic and environmental covariates and waterpipe tobacco and cigarette use. RESULTS Waterpipe tobacco smoking rates were 30% in the past 30 days and 56% ever, while cigarette smoking rates were 29% in the past 30 days and 57% ever. Past 30-day waterpipe tobacco smoking rates were 59% for males and 13% for females. Females had substantially lower odds than males of being current waterpipe (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.10-0.15) or cigarette (OR 0.08, 95%CI 0.05-0.14) smokers. Current cigarette smoking was more significantly associated with markers of high socio-economic status (SES) than waterpipe tobacco smoking. CONCLUSION Waterpipe tobacco smoking is as common as cigarette smoking among Jordanian university students. While cigarette smoking is consistently associated with high SES, waterpipe tobacco smoking is more evenly distributed across various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Mehrotra P, Riley JP, Patel R, Li F, Voss L, Goenka S. PARP-14 functions as a transcriptional switch for Stat6-dependent gene activation. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1767-76. [PMID: 21081493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.157768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) that also contain macro domains regulate transcription. One such macro PARP, PARP-14 alters interleukin 4 (IL-4) and Stat6-dependent transcription. Stat6, activated by IL-4 plays an important role in T helper cell immunity and B cell responses. Here we define the mechanism by which PARP-14 regulates Stat6-activated transcription. Under non-stimulating conditions, PARP-14 recruits HDAC 2 and 3 to IL-4 responsive promoters. In the presence of IL-4, PARP-14 promotes efficient binding of Stat6 to its target genes. Moreover, HDAC 2 and 3 are released from the promoter with an IL-4 signal, this is aided by the ADP-ribosylation of the HDACs by PARP-14. The HDACs and PARP-14 get replaced by coactivators containing HAT activity. Based on these observations we put forth a mechanism in which PARP-14 functions as a transcriptional switch for Stat6-dependent gene induction. Thus, in the absence of a signal PARP-14 acts as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting HDACs. In contrast, in the presence of IL-4 the catalytic activity of PARP-14 facilitates Stat6 binding to the promoter, and release of HDACs so as to activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Mehrotra P, Marwaha RK, Aneja S, Seth A, Singla BM, Ashraf G, Sharma B, Sastry A, Tandon N. Hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcemic seizures in infancy. Indian Pediatr 2009; 47:581-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-010-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seth A, Marwaha RK, Singla B, Aneja S, Mehrotra P, Sastry A, Khurana ML, Mani K, Sharma B, Tandon N. Vitamin D nutritional status of exclusively breast fed infants and their mothers. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:241-6. [PMID: 19492580 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D nutrition has a profound effect on the development of an infant. Vitamin D status of mothers and their infants are closely correlated. While hypovitaminosis D has emerged as a significant public health problem across all age groups, there is limited information of this condition in lactating mothers and their breast fed infants. AIM To evaluate the vitamin D status of lactating mothers and their breast fed infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 180 healthy lactating mothers and exclusively breast fed infants, 2-24 weeks old, were recruited for the study. The mother-infant pairs underwent concurrent clinical, biochemical and hormonal evaluation for calcium-vitamin D-PTH axis. RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH)D values in lactating mothers was 27.2 +/- 14.6 nmol/l (10.9 +/- 5.8 ng/ml), while that of their infants was 28.9 +/- 20.8 nmol/l (11.6 +/- 8.3 ng/ml). Serum 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/l (10 ng/ml) were found in 47.8% of the mothers and 43.2% of the infants. Among these, elevated PTH levels (>54 pg/ml) were seen in 59.3% of the mothers and 69.6% of the infants. A highly significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and PTH in mothers (r = -0.480, p = 0.01) and their infants (r = -0.431, p = 0.01). A strong positive correlation was seen of 25(OH)D levels in mother-infant pairs (r = 0.324, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in lactating mothers and their exclusively breast fed infants. Infants born to mothers with hypovitaminosis D had 3.8 times higher risk of developing hypovitaminosis D as compared to those born to mothers with normal vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Benekareddy M, Mehrotra P, Kulkarni VA, Ramakrishnan P, Dias BG, Vaidya VA. Antidepressant treatments regulate matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of the metalloproteinases (TIMPS 1-4) in the adult rat hippocampus. Synapse 2008; 62:590-600. [PMID: 18509851 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants induce structural remodeling in the adult hippocampus, including changes in dendritic arbors, axonal sprouting, neurogenesis, and endothelial cell proliferation. Such forms of structural plasticity take place in the context of the extracellular matrix environment and are known to be regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particular MMP-2/9, and their endogenous regulators, the tissue inhibitors of the metalloproteinases (TIMPs 1-4). Given the hippocampal structural remodeling associated with antidepressant treatments, we hypothesized that antidepressants may regulate the expression and activity of MMP-2/9 and TIMPs 1-4. The influence of distinct classes of antidepressants, namely, electroconvulsive seizure, fluoxetine, tranylcypromine, and desipramine, on the gene expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMPs 1-4 in the hippocampus was determined using radioactive in situ hybridization. In addition, zymography studies addressed the regulation of the gelatinase activity of MMP-2/9 following acute and chronic antidepressant administration. We observed that acute and chronic ECS differentially regulate the transcript levels of MMP-2/9 and TIMPs 1-4 and also increase gelatinase activity in the hippocampus. Acute and chronic pharmacological antidepressants on the other hand differentially alter the expression of the TIMPs without any observed effect on hippocampal MMP-2/9 expression or activity. These findings raise the possibility that extracellular matrix modifying enzymes and their endogenous regulators may serve as targets for antidepressant treatments and suggests the possibility that they may contribute to antidepressant-mediated structural plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Benekareddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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Mehrotra P, Upadhyaya S, Sinkar VP, Banerjee G, Mishra KP. Differential Phosphorylation of MAPK Isoforms in Keratinocyte Cell Line by Contact Allergens and Irritant. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:101-7. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600860250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bansal T, Mehrotra P, Jayasena D, Okolo S, Yoong W, Govind A. Obstructive nephropathy and chronic kidney disease secondary to uterine leiomyomas. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 279:785-8. [PMID: 18818940 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-008-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present three cases of chronic kidney disease secondary to large fibroid uterus. The difficulties experienced in their clinical management and a review of literature is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bansal
- Department of Nephrology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
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Mehrotra P, Jeffries J, Nowak R. Regulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) secretion by human uterine epithelial cells. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mehrotra P, Viswanathan H, Johnson SJ, Wadehra V, Richardson DL, Lennard TWJ. Ultrasound guidance improves the adequacy of our preoperative thyroid cytology but not its accuracy. Cytopathology 2006; 17:137-44. [PMID: 16719856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2006.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our thyroid cytology audit results of 1990-1995 showed an unsatisfactory rate of 43.1% and prediction of neoplasia with a sensitivity of 86.8%. Increasingly, ultrasound scan (USS)-guided core sampling for cytology is proving a valuable tool instead of freehand fine needle aspiration (FNA) or following unsatisfactory freehand FNA. We present the results of freehand FNA and USS-guided core samples for cytology in two separate patient groups in our centre. METHODS Patients who had a thyroid resection and preoperative thyroid cytology in our institution between 1996 and 2002 were included. The histological diagnoses were correlated with the preceding cytology results. RESULTS A total of 450 FNAs were performed on 394 patients. Freehand FNAs were performed for 348 (77.3%) samples and USS-guided core for 102 (22.7%) samples; 121 (26.8%) were repeat aspirates performed on 45 patients. Using aspiration cytology (AC) grading, freehand FNA was cytologically inadequate (AC0 or AC1) in 34.8% cases whereas USS-guided core was inadequate in 17.6% cases (P = 0.001). Freehand FNA (AC3, AC4, AC5) predicted neoplasia with a sensitivity of 83.2%, specificity of 46.6%, accuracy of 63.0%, positive predictive value of 56.0% and negative predictive value of 77.1%. USS-guided core sample for cytology (AC3, AC4, AC5) predicted neoplasia with a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 26.0%, accuracy of 51.9%, positive predictive value of 43.9% and negative predictive value of 86.7%. CONCLUSIONS Although USS-guided core provides more satisfactory specimens than freehand FNA, in our centre it does not provide increased accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Mehrotra P, Okpokam A, Bouhaidar R, Johnson SJ, Wilson JA, Davies BR, Lennard TWJ. Galectin-3 does not reliably distinguish benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms. Histopathology 2005; 45:493-500. [PMID: 15500653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether galectin-3 is a sensitive indicator of thyroid malignancy. It has been suggested as a potential marker for differentiating thyroid carcinoma from benign or non-neoplastic lesions in preoperative fine-needle aspirates (FNAs). METHODS Galectin-3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed thyroid tissues from 124 patients with histological diagnoses of papillary carcinoma (n = 38), follicular carcinoma (n = 19), follicular adenoma (n = 32) and dominant nodules of multinodular goitre (n = 35). Expression of galectin-3 was also assessed by Western blotting in 24 fresh thyroid tissues. RESULTS Galectin-3 expression was observed in the majority of carcinomas (papillary 92%; follicular 74%). However, a large proportion of follicular adenomas (72%) and multinodular goitres (57%) also expressed galectin-3. In addition, galectin-3 expression was observed in epithelial cells of normal thyroid tissue and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Galectin-3 immunopositivity was significantly greater in papillary carcinomas than in dominant nodules or follicular adenomas (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005, respectively). However, galectin-3 expression was no greater in follicular carcinomas than in follicular adenomas (P = 0.8735). Western blotting analysis confirmed both the specificity of the antiserum and expression of galectin-3 in multinodular goitres, follicular adenomas/carcinomas and papillary carcinomas. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that galectin-3 is not a reliable immunohistochemical marker to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid follicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Mehrotra P, Hubbard JGH, Johnson SJ, Richardson DL, Bliss R, Lennard TWJ. Ultrasound scan-guided core sampling for diagnosis versus freehand FNAC of the thyroid gland. Surgeon 2005; 3:1-5. [PMID: 15789785 DOI: 10.1016/s1479-666x(05)80002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Freehand fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an obligatory investigation of the thyroid nodule. Between 5.0-43.1% of FNAC samples are reported as being initially unsatisfactory. In our unit, thyroid freehand FNAs are performed with a small needle (21 or 23G). Non-dominant nodules as part of multinodular goitres, difficult to palpate nodules or nodules with previously unsatisfactory freehand FNACs are sampled under ultrasound scan (USS) guidance with the larger 20G cutting core sampling technique. We aimed to compare the satisfactory sampling rate and safety of the two different methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cytology forms were reviewed for 262 freehand FNACs and USS-guided core samples, performed in our unit over a two-year interval (1 July 1999 to 30 June 2001). RESULTS Ultrasound-guided core samples for cytology were unsatisfactory (AC0-1) in 19/121 (15.6%) of the cases, compared with 66/141 (46.8%) of freehand FNACs (p value = < 0.0001). Ten out of eleven patients (91%) had a satisfactory USS-guided core after an unsatisfactory freehand FNA; 7/15 patients (46.7%) had satisfactory repeat freehand FNACs following an initial unsatisfactory freehand FNAC (p value = 0.0191). There were no complications as a result of either freehand FNAC or USS-guided core sampling. CONCLUSION USS-guided cores provided more satisfactory samples for assessment than freehand FNACs. The USS-guided technique is safe despite the use of the larger cuffing needle. The USS-guided core sampling was also a useful tool for repeat thyroid nodule sampling after an unsatisfactory freehand FNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, London.
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Borowski DW, Mehrotra P, Tennant D, El Badawey MR, Cameron DS. Unusual presentation of blunt laryngeal injury with cricotracheal disruption by attempted hanging: a case report. Am J Otolaryngol 2004; 25:195-8. [PMID: 15124170 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The management of a patient with traumatic disruption of the cricotracheal junction in an attempted suicide by hanging is described. Such injury is uncommon, and many patients die at the scene; detailed radiologic imaging is rare because of the urgency of airway management. The delayed complete disruption of the major airway in this patient allowed adequate imaging and corrective management. Associated soft-tissue injuries of the great vessels of the neck are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Borowski
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Mehrotra P, Naik SR, Choudhuri G. Two cases of ethylene dibromide poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 2001; 43:91-2. [PMID: 11308127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) is commonly available as a liquid pesticide for use as fumigant and preservative for storage of cereals and grains in India. Accidental or suicidal ingestion is often associated with often fatal delayed sudden hepatic or renal failure. We report 2 cases of EDB poisoning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS No family studies regarding the association of coeliac disease with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ locus are available. Moreover, no HLA studies have been carried out in coeliac disease patients from India. The aim of this study was to study the HLA class II (DR and DQ) antigens in children with coeliac disease and in their first-degree relatives. METHODS Fifteen children with coeliac disease and their first-degree relatives (birth parents of all the coeliac disease patients and fifteen siblings) were studied. A group of 123 healthy unrelated and ethnically matched subjects were used as controls. The HLA-DR and -DQ typing was carried out by a complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay. The transmission disequilibrium test was used for analysis of results. RESULTS There was no association of coeliac disease with DR phenotypes. Ninety-three per cent of patients (14/15) carried the DQ2 allele. DQ2 was transmitted in 15 of 19 informative cases (transmission probability of 79%, chi2 6.368 with 1 df, nominal P=0.012 and P value corrected for multiple test=0.035). The haplotype relative risk associated with DQ2 was 5.71 (95% confidence interval 1.71-16.28). CONCLUSION Coeliac disease in Indian children is predominantly associated with HLA-DQ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mehrotra P, Yachha SK. Need for liver transplantation in Indian children. Indian Pediatr 1999; 36:356-61. [PMID: 10717692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the most successful and accepted mode of therapy for failing liver in children. Pediatric LT has neither been widely attempted nor its need objectively assessed in our country. OBJECTIVE To assess requirement of LT in children at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS Data of children admitted to pediatric GE services (January 1992 to June 1997) were retrospectively analyzed. Subgroups of children with acute liver disease (ALD), chronic liver disease (CLD), neonatal cholestasis syndrome (NCS) and other etiology were evaluated for need for LT according to established criteria. RESULTS Of the total 301 inpatients with liver diseases assessed at our center, ALD constituted 26% (n=79), CLD 35% (n=106), NCS 27% (n=82) and miscellaneous 11% (n=34). Among ALD, 19% (n=15) had FHF and 67% (n=10) qualified for LT (INR>4.0). Of CLD, LT was warranted in 13% (2/15) cases of Wilson's disease (Wilson's score > 6) and 60% of cirrhotics (n=40/66) with decompensation. NCS comprised extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) in 43, choledochal cyst in 2, paucity of intralobular bile duct (PILBD) in 2, neonatal hepatitis in 23, and was of indeterminate etiology in 12 cases. Of NCS groups, LT was the only therapeutic option in 45% (n=36) of cases (EHBA 34, choledochal cyst 2). Of 34 cases of EHBA requiring LT, 32 presented after 4 months of age and other 2 children had decompensation before four months of age. Both children with choledochal cysts had decompensated liver disease. One patient of Crigler Najjar syndrome type I had kernicterus and qualified for LT. CONCLUSION Our data shows need for LT in 30% of children with liver diseases constituted by cirrhosis (45%), biliary atresia (38%) and FHF (11%).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- Department of Gastroenterology (Pediatric GE), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
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Srivastava A, Mehrotra P, Aggarwal R, Pandey R, Khanna S, Naik SR. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis presenting as inflammatory bowel disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 1998; 17:151-2. [PMID: 9795505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lymphomatous polyposis is a rare manifestation of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma characterized by polypoidal masses involving several segments of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case who initially presented with features resembling inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Insitute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
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Layfield R, Bailey K, Dineen R, Mehrotra P, Lowe J, Allibone R, Mayer RJ, Landon M. Application of formalin fixation to the purification of amyloid proteins. Anal Biochem 1997; 253:142-4. [PMID: 9356158 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Layfield
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Mukerji PK, Babu KS, Mehrotra P, Agarwal PK, Tandon R. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma masquerading as empyema thoracis. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1997; 39:259-62. [PMID: 9654824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-hodgkin's lymphoma has varied presentations. Malignant lymphoma arising in chronic pyothorax is very rare and has been reported from Japan. We report a case of non-hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as empyema thoracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Mukerji
- Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, King George's Medical College, Lucknow
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Ibrarullah M, Singh B, Mehrotra P, Kaushik SP. Right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:528-9. [PMID: 9068489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A case of pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosed on selective angiography, the patient was treated with ligation of the right hepatic artery at laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibrarullah
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Mehrotra P, Bear HD, Susskind BM. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of thymic and splenic lymphokine activated killer cells relative to ornithine sensitivity. Cell Immunol 1991; 132:451-65. [PMID: 1899052 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(91)90042-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the selective inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by 10 mM ornithine (ORN) relative to natural killer (NK) cell-derived lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK). To determine if this were due to differences in the progenitor cells or the type of stimulus, we used cortisone-resistant thymocytes (CRT) as a source of mature T cells for induction of LAK and CTL, and compared the results with spleen. Thymic and splenic CTL precursors (CTLp) from C57B1/6 (B6) mice were CD8+, ASGM1-, ORN sensitive. Splenic LAK precursors (LAKp) were CD8-, ASGM1+, ORN resistant when assayed against both YAC-1 and P815 tumor targets. In contrast, CRT-derived LAKp were CD8-, ASGM1+, ORN resistant against YAC-1, whereas LAKp against P815 were CD8+, ASGM1+, ORN sensitive. ORN sensitivity was also observed among CTL and LAK in DBA/2 mice and was associated with CD8+ phenotype. Therefore, our initial observation of differential ORN sensitivity in CTL vs LAK was a function of the progenitor cells; furthermore, CD8+ cytolytic cells are ORN sensitive whether activated by antigen (CTL) or IL-2 (T-LAK).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298
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Bhatia A, Mehrotra P. Fine needle aspiration cytology in a case of hepatoblastoma. Acta Cytol 1986; 30:439-41. [PMID: 3017032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytologic features of a case of hepatoblastoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) in an 18-month-old female infant are described. A mass detected in the left lobe of the liver on routine examination was subjected to FNA. The distinctive cytologic findings included malignant cells in small clusters and in acinar arrangements. Some of the acinar structures had bile plugs. Fat vacuoles were present within the cytoplasm of some of the malignant cells. Immature hematopoietic cells were also present.
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Mehrotra P, Gupta DS, Trivedi JK. Dental cast measurements in mentally retarded children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 1986; 4:42-7. [PMID: 3471881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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