1
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Grodzka A, Knopik-Skrocka A, Kowalska K, Kurzawa P, Krzyzaniak M, Stencel K, Bryl M. Molecular alterations of driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer: from diagnostics to targeted therapy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:415-432. [PMID: 37346803 PMCID: PMC10279966 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. The majority (80-85 %) of lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Within NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most often recognized. The histological and immunohistochemical examination of NSCLC is a basic diagnostic tool, but insufficient for comprehensive therapeutic decisions. In some NSCLC patients, mainly adenocarcinoma, molecular alterations in driver genes, like EGFR, KRAS, HER2, ALK, MET, BRAF, RET, ROS1, and NTRK are recognized. The frequency of some of those changes is different depending on race, and between smokers and non-smokers. The molecular diagnostics of NSCLC using modern methods, like next-generation sequencing, is essential in estimating targeted, personalized therapy. In recent years, a breakthrough in understanding the importance of molecular studies for the precise treatment of NSCLC has been observed. Many new drugs were approved, including tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical trials testing novel molecules like miRNAs and trials with CAR-T cells (chimeric antigen receptor - T cells) dedicated to NSCLC patients are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grodzka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Pawel Kurzawa
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Monika Krzyzaniak
- Department of Oncological Pathology, University Clinical Hospital in Poznan, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stencel
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Bryl
- Department of Clinical Oncology with the Subdepartment of Diurnal Chemotherapy, E. J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Poznan, Poland
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2
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Ren J, Liu R. The Implication of Liquid Biopsy in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Potential and Expectation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:145-163. [PMID: 37450117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, lung cancer has remained the most lethal cancer, despite great advances in diagnosis and treatment. However, a large proportion of patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy and targeted drugs have greatly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer. However, how to identify the optimal patients to accept those therapies and how to monitor therapeutic efficacy are still in dispute. In the past few decades, tissue biopsy, including percutaneous fine needle biopsy and surgical excision, has still been the gold standard for examining the gene mutation such as EGFR, ALK, ROS, and PD-1/PD/L1, which can indicate the follow-up treatment. Nevertheless, the biopsy techniques mentioned above were invasive and unrepeatable, which were not suitable for advanced patients. Liquid biopsy, accounting for heterogeneity compared with tissue biopsy, is an alternative technique for monitoring the mutation, and a large quantity of research has demonstrated its feasibility to detect the circulating tumor cell, cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles from peripheral venous blood. The proposal of the concept of precision medicine brings a novel medical model developed with the rapid progress of genome sequencing technology and the cross-application of bioinformation, which was based on personalized medicine. The emerging method of liquid biopsy might contribute to promoting the development of precision medicine. In this review, we intend to describe the liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer in detail in the aspect of screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Ren
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Liu
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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3
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SHIROUCHI Y, MISHIMA Y, TAKAYAMA T, MINOWA S, ISHIHARA Y, TAMBA M, HIRANO M, ONDA N, TAKEUCHI K, MARUYAMA D. Serum cell-free DNA concentration as a possible prognostic marker in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomed Res 2022; 43:99-106. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko SHIROUCHI
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Yuko MISHIMA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Tomoko TAKAYAMA
- Division of Clinical Research, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Sayuri MINOWA
- Division of Clinical Research, The Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Yuko ISHIHARA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Mikako TAMBA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Mitsuhito HIRANO
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Naoki ONDA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Kengo TAKEUCHI
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Dai MARUYAMA
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
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4
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Rompianesi G, Di Martino M, Gordon-Weeks A, Montalti R, Troisi R. Liquid biopsy in cholangiocarcinoma: Current status and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:332-350. [PMID: 34040697 PMCID: PMC8131901 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i5.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are a heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of aetiology, natural history, morphological subtypes, molecular alterations and management, but all sharing complex diagnosis, management, and poor prognosis. Several mutated genes and epigenetic changes have been detected in CCA, with the potential to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Accessing tumoral components and genetic material is therefore crucial for the diagnosis, management and selection of targeted therapies; but sampling tumor tissue, when possible, is often risky and difficult to be repeated at different time points. Liquid biopsy (LB) represents a way to overcome these issues and comprises a diverse group of methodologies centering around detection of tumor biomarkers from fluid samples. Compared to the traditional tissue sampling methods LB is less invasive and can be serially repeated, allowing a real-time monitoring of the tumor genetic profile or the response to therapy. In this review, we analysis the current evidence on the possible roles of LB (circulating DNA, circulating RNA, exosomes, cytokines) in the diagnosis and management of patients affected by CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rompianesi
- Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Martino
- Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alex Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Montalti
- Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Roberto Troisi
- Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli 80131, Italy
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5
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Pessoa LS, Heringer M, Ferrer VP. ctDNA as a cancer biomarker: A broad overview. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 155:103109. [PMID: 33049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in fluids has gained attention because ctDNA seems to identify tumor-specific abnormalities, which could be used for diagnosis, follow-up of treatment, and prognosis: the so-called liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach and presents the sum of ctDNA from primary and secondary tumor sites. It has been possible not only to quantify the amount of ctDNA but also to identify (epi)genetic changes. Specific mutations in genes have been identified in the plasma of patients with several types of cancer, which highlights ctDNA as a possible cancer biomarker. However, achieving detectable concentrations of ctDNA in body fluids is not an easy task. ctDNA fragments present a short half-life, and there are no cut-off values to discriminate high and low ctDNA concentrations. Here, we discuss the use of ctDNA as a cancer biomarker, the main methodologies, the inherent difficulties, and the clinical predictive value of ctDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Santos Pessoa
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Experimental Surgery, Graduate Program in Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manoela Heringer
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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6
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Tavolari S, Brandi G. Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:441-452. [PMID: 32859625 PMCID: PMC7472453 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood of cancer patients "physiologically" presents cells and cellular components deriving from primary or metastatic sites, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The term circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) indicates the part of cfDNA which derives from primary tumors and/or metastatic sites, carrying tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations. Analysis of ctDNA has enormous potential applications in all stages of cancer management, including earlier diagnosis of cancer, identification of driver alterations, monitoring of treatment response and detection of resistance mechanisms. Thus, ctDNA has the potential to profoundly change current clinical practice, by moving from tissue to peripheral blood as a source of information. Herein, we review current literature regarding the potential role for ctDNA in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients, with a particular focus on state-of-the-art techniques and future perspectives of this highly aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Cheng M, Akalestos A, Scudder S. Budget Impact Analysis of EGFR Mutation Liquid Biopsy for First- and Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Greece. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060429. [PMID: 32599934 PMCID: PMC7345049 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the European Union, Greece has the highest incidence of lung cancer among people under 45 years of age. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are indicated for the treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Tumor tissue biopsy is the standard method for EGFR mutation detection but is invasive, is resource-intensive, and has risks of complications. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the financial impact on the Greek National Health System of adopting plasma biopsy and to identify the cost-optimal approach for EGFR mutation testing of patients with mNSCLC. We developed a budget impact model to estimate total costs for three EGFR mutation testing approaches: (1) plasma test, (2) combined testing (tissue and plasma test), and (3) reflex testing, compared to the current scenario of tissue biopsy only. One-way sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of uncertainty and variance of different input parameters on the results. In the first-line (1L) setting, base-case results showed that adopting plasma testing in a combined testing approach identified more EGFR mutation-positive patients and yielded cost savings (−€17 per correctly classified patient) relative to tissue testing alone. The reflex testing approach was the cost-optimal strategy in the second-line (2L) setting as it identified the most EGFR mutation-positive patients with cost savings of −€42 per correctly classified patient relative to tissue testing alone. This analysis suggests that access to both EGFR mutation tissue and plasma testing are important for optimizing mNSCLC treatment decisions in Greece. Inclusion of plasma testing in either a combined or reflex testing approach may be cost optimal for EGFR mutation plasma test implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Cheng
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
- Correspondence: Mindy Cheng;
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8
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Detection of the MYD88L265P and CXCR4S338X mutations by cell-free DNA in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1763-1769. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Noncoding RNAs and Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9040216. [PMID: 31818027 PMCID: PMC6963838 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a genetically heterogeneous disease with low survival rates. Recent data have evidenced key roles of noncoding RNAs in lung cancer initiation and progression. These functional RNA molecules that can act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors may become future biomarkers and more efficient therapeutic targets. In the precision medicine era, circulating nucleic acids have the potential to reshape the management and prognosis of cancer patients. Detecting genomic alterations and level variations of circulating nucleic acids in liquid biopsy samples represents a noninvasive method for portraying tumor burden. Research is currently trying to validate the potential role of liquid biopsy in lung cancer screening, prognosis, monitoring of disease progression, and treatment response. However, this method requires complex detection assays, and implementation of plasma genotyping in clinical practice continues to be hindered by discrepancies that arise when compared to tissue genotyping. Understanding the genomic landscape of lung cancer is essential in order to provide useful and innovative research in the age of patient-tailored therapy. In this landscape, the noncoding RNAs play a crucial role due to their target genes that dramatically influence the tumor microenvironment and the response to therapy. This article addresses present and future possible roles of liquid biopsy in lung cancer. It also discusses how the complex role of noncoding RNAs in lung tumorigenesis could influence the management of this pathology.
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10
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Luh F, Yen Y. Benefits and Harms of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Ruling on Next-Generation Sequencing. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:1171-1172. [PMID: 29955775 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Luh
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, Temple City, California
| | - Yun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Kim Y, Shin S, Kim B, Lee KA. Selecting short length nucleic acids localized in exosomes improves plasma EGFR mutation detection in NSCLC patients. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:251. [PMID: 31582907 PMCID: PMC6771088 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomal nucleic acid (exoNA) is a feasible target to improve the sensitivity of EGFR mutation testing in non-small cell lung cancer patients with limited cell-free DNA (cfDNA) mutant copies. However, the type and size of target exoNA related to the sensitivity of EGFR mutation testing has not been explored extensively. Methods The type and size of target exoNA related to the sensitivity of EGFR mutation testing was evaluated using ddPCR. A total of 47 plasma samples was tested using short-length exoTNA (exosomal DNA and RNA) and cfDNA. Results The sensitivity of short-length exoTNA (76.5%) was higher than that of cfDNA (64.7%) for detecting EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients. In EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with intrathoracic disease (M0/M1a) or cases with low-copy T790M, the positive rate was 63.6% (N = 7/11) and 45.5% (N = 5/11) for short-length exoTNA and cfDNA, respectively. On average, the number absolute mutant copies of short-length exoTNA were 1.5 times higher than that of cfDNA. The mutant allele copies (Ex19del and T790M) in short-length exoTNA were relatively well preserved at 4 weeks after storage. The difference (%) in absolute mutant allele copies (Ex19del) between 0 days and 4 weeks after storage was − 61.0% for cfDNA. Conclusion Target nucleic acids and their size distribution may be critical considerations for selecting an extraction method and a detection assay. A short-length exoTNA (200 bp) contained more detectable tumor-derived nucleic acids than exoDNA (~ 200 bp length or a full-length) or cfDNA. Therefore, a short-length exoTNA as a sensitive biomarker might be useful to detect EGFR mutants for NSCLC patients with low copy number of the mutation target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kuang M, Peng Y, Tao X, Zhou Z, Mao H, Zhuge L, Sun Y, Zhang H. FGB and FGG derived from plasma exosomes as potential biomarkers to distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:557-564. [PMID: 31576477 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous proteomic analysis (label-free) of plasma exosomes revealed that the expression of FGG and FGB was significantly higher in the malignant pulmonary nodules group, compared to the benign pulmonary nodules group. The present study was performed to evaluate the role of plasma exosomal proteins FGB and FGG in the diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. We examined the expression levels of FGB and FGG in plasma exosomes from 63 patients before surgery. Postoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed that 43 cases were malignant and 20 cases were benign. The ROC curve was used to describe the sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of the biomarker and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. We confirmed that the expression levels of FGB and FGG were higher in the plasma exosomes of malignant group than in the benign group. The sensitivity and AUC of FGB combined with FGG detection to determine the nature of pulmonary nodules are superior to single FGB or FGG detection. FGB and FGG might represent novel and sensitive biomarker to distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyu Kuang
- Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhou Peng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilang Zhou
- The First High School, Xintian County, Hunan, China
| | - Hengyu Mao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingdun Zhuge
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huibiao Zhang
- Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mody K, Kasi PM, Yang JD, Surapaneni PK, Ritter A, Roberts A, Nagy R, Borad MJ. Feasibility of circulating tumor DNA testing in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:745-750. [PMID: 31392055 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.02.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancement of technologies enabling clinical assessment of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are allowing for assessment of tumor specific genetic alterations in patients. This holds incredible promise for early detection of disease, serial monitoring of tumor heterogeneity, elucidation of therapeutic targets, and evaluation of treatment response and mechanisms of resistance. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is often diagnosed late, recurs commonly, and is often diagnosed based upon imaging features alone. A comprehensive evaluation of real-time evaluation of ctDNA in patients with HCC has thus far not been undertaken. Methods From January 2015 to February 2018, 35 patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) at the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center underwent ctDNA testing using a clinically available assay. The majority of samples were tested utilizing the 73-gene panel which includes somatic genomic targets, including complete or critical exon coverage in 30 and 40 genes, respectively; and in some, amplifications, fusions, and indels. Results A total of 44 samples were collected on these 35 patients, with >70% having stage 3 or 4 disease. Among all samples the median number of alterations per sample, excluding variants of undetermined significance (VUS), was 3.5, with a median allele frequency of 0.65%. A total of 122 unique genetic alterations, excluding VUS or synonymous alterations, were seen. The overall landscape of alterations is described. The top 10 genes altered in this cohort of patients, excluding VUS or synonymous alterations, were TP53 (18%), TERT (14%), CTNNB1 (13%), ARID1A (9%), MYC (5%), BRAF (4%), CCND1 (4%), CDK6 (4%), and MET (4%), and EGFR (3%). Conclusions Herein, we describe feasibility of ctDNA testing and results from such testing in HCC patients undergoing ctDNA testing in a real-time clinical context. Patients with these cancers stand to benefit immensely from the use of ctDNA technologies, and concerted efforts at further investigation of such are critically needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phani Keerthi Surapaneni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ashton Ritter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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14
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Arzuaga-Mendez J, Prieto-Fernández E, Lopez-Lopez E, Martin-Guerrero I, García-Ruiz JC, García-Orad A. Cell-free DNA as a biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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15
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Assi H, Tfayli A, Assaf N, Daya SA, Bidikian AH, Kawsarani D, Fermanian P, Zaatari G, Mahfouz R. Prevalence of T790M mutation among TKI-therapy resistant Lebanese lung cancer patients based on liquid biopsy analysis: a first report from a major tertiary care center. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3671-3676. [PMID: 31147859 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma patients have variable prognosis due to many factors. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations is one of the factors that implies the need for initiating a first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. However, T790M resistance mutation emergence during treatment accounts for most EGFR-TKI drug resistance. The traditional sample taken for T790M mutation analysis is tissue biopsy, but its numerous disadvantages have introduced liquid biopsy as a preferred method for testing. We studied the prevalence of T790M mutation among pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients in Lebanese patients based on liquid biopsy testing the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We have reviewed the laboratory charts of 52 patients who developed resistance on treatment and referred to AUBMC for EGFR T790M Liquid Biopsy to analyze the mutational analysis results for EGFR T790M. In total, 82.6% of the tested lung cancer patients were positive for a specific EGFR mutation. Among these patients, a total 26.9% were positive for T790M, which is comparable to the international prevalence of this mutation. However, for those cases who developed resistance with circulating DNA showing an EGFR mutation, 50% were positive for T790M that is also comparable to the international literature. This is the first report from Lebanon to discuss the prevalence of T790M mutation using liquid biopsy among Lebanese population. An important landmark molecular epidemiology study that will be a reference to all oncologists in Lebanon and the region in assessing the potential for targeted therapy options in the country. In addition, the data will be of an asset to the building international literature related to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arafat Tfayli
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Assaf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Abou Daya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aram H Bidikian
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kawsarani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Puzant Fermanian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghazi Zaatari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO BOX 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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16
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Masaoutis C, Korkolopoulou P, Theocharis S. Exosomes in sarcomas: Tiny messengers with broad implications in diagnosis, surveillance, prognosis and treatment. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:172-177. [PMID: 30779943 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, which contain an array of biomolecules, such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lipids, take part in intercellular communication and mediate tumor-host interactions. They are increasingly considered as a source of biomarkers for liquid biopsies as well as potential drug vectors. Sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumours and due to their relative rarity exosomes have not been investigated in as extensively as in epithelial malignancies. Nonetheless, valuable information has been gathered over the last years on the roles of exosomes in sarcomas. In the present review we summarize all relevant data obtained so far from cell lines, animal models and patients with emphasis on their potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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17
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A guide to nucleic acid detection by single-molecule kinetic fingerprinting. Methods 2018; 153:3-12. [PMID: 30099084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods for detecting small quantities of nucleic acids require amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which necessitates prior purification and introduces copying errors. While amplification-free methods do not have these shortcomings, they are generally orders of magnitude less sensitive and specific than PCR-based methods. In this review, we provide a practical guide to a novel amplification-free method, single-molecule recognition through equilibrium Poisson sampling (SiMREPS), that provides both single-molecule sensitivity and single-base selectivity by monitoring the repetitive interactions of fluorescent probes to immobilized targets. We demonstrate how this kinetic fingerprinting filters out background arising from the inevitable nonspecific binding of probes, yielding virtually zero background signal. As practical applications of this digital detection methodology, we present the quantification of microRNA miR-16 and the detection of the mutation EGFR L858R with an apparent single-base discrimination factor of over 3 million.
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18
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Khatami F, Tavangar SM. Liquid Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer: New Insight. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2018; 12:235-248. [PMID: 30595827 PMCID: PMC6305265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, one of the most widespread malignancies of the endocrine-related system that over the past three decades, has a vivid increasing rate. The diagnosis and management of it is dependent on the tumor type and stage. Thyroid cancer is divided into four main types, including PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma), FTC (follicular thyroid carcinoma), MTC (medullarly thyroid carcinoma), and ATC (anaplastic thyroid carcinoma). The development of the noninvasive diagnostic tool for plasma genotyping, also known as "liquid biopsy", brings a new insight for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It is mainly containing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cell (CTC), exosomes and extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecDNA). Liquid biopsy as a new plasma genotyping source brings a new prospective of tumor monitoring and therapy. It beneficially reduces the need of tissue biopsy and made early recognition of relapse as well. This article summarizes its components characteristics and their benefit in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Mody K, Cleary SP. A Review of Circulating Tumor DNA in Hepatobiliary Malignancies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:212. [PMID: 29942792 PMCID: PMC6004782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released into circulation (blood) specifically from tumor cells undergoing metabolic secretion, apoptosis, or necrosis, carries tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations. Technologies enabling clinical evaluation of ctDNA continue to advance rapidly and allow for the assessment of patient-specific tumoral genetic and epigenetic alterations. This holds great potential for earlier detection of disease, serial monitoring of tumor heterogeneity, identification of therapeutic targets, and evaluation of treatment response and mechanisms of resistance. Hepatobiliary malignancies are often diagnosed late, recur commonly, yield limited available tumor on biopsy, and harbor several genomic alterations with potential therapeutic impacts. Patients suffering from or at risk for these diseases thus stand to benefit immensely from this technology. Herein, we review the limited literature pertaining to the potential for ctDNA technologies in such patients. Patients with these cancers stand to benefit greatly from the application of ctDNA technologies, and concerted efforts at further investigation of such are ongoing and greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary/Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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20
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Masaoutis C, Mihailidou C, Tsourouflis G, Theocharis S. Exosomes in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. From the translating research into future clinical practice. Biochimie 2018; 151:27-36. [PMID: 29857182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in lung cancer pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis, a better understanding of the disease is strongly needed in order to establish novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that should improve treatment outcomes. Exosomes are a type of cell-secreted extracellular vesicles, which transfer a wide variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lipids, are implicated in intercellular communication and modulate tumor-host interactions. The potential value of exosomes and their contents in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of treatment outcome is supported by ample literature. Growing attention has been drawn specifically to the critical role of exosomal miRNAs in lung cancer pathogenesis and their potential clinical utility, especially due to their ability to modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Owing to their universal presence in the blood and other bodily fluids, exosomes are considered candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, their ability to deliver biomolecules and drugs to recipient cells renders them possible drug delivery vehicles in lung cancer. Here we review the pathological functions of exosomes in cancer and discuss their possible clinical utility as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Arneth B. Update on the types and usage of liquid biopsies in the clinical setting: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:527. [PMID: 29728089 PMCID: PMC5935950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aimed to gather evidence from research on the current state of liquid biopsy in medical practice, specifically focusing on mutation detection and monitoring. Methods A systematic search was performed via Medline. Results The results of this investigation indicate that liquid biopsy plays a critical role in the detection and management of tumors. This technique gives healthcare providers the ability to gather critical and reliable information that may potentially shape the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a variety of cancers in the near future. This study further reveals that liquid biopsy has several potential shortcomings that may limit its application and use in the healthcare setting. Nevertheless, liquid biopsy remains a valuable tool that is gradually becoming a part of routine healthcare practice in oncology departments and hospitals worldwide. Conclusions The evidence described herein reveals the potential relevance of liquid biopsy as an important prognostic, diagnostic, and theranostic tool. This non-invasive procedure enables healthcare practitioners to detect and monitor genomic alterations and will likely replace tumor tissue biopsy as the standard method for detecting and monitoring mutations in the future. The information obtained herein can enable physicians to make informed decisions regarding current treatment options; however, liquid biopsy has not yet been incorporated into routine clinical diagnostics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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22
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Hu F, Mao X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Gu P, Wang H, Zhang X. Reliability of using circulating tumor cells for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1373-1384. [PMID: 29559795 PMCID: PMC5857158 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical value of circulating tumor cells as a surrogate to detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We searched the electronic databases, and all articles meeting predetermined selection criteria were included in this study. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. The evaluation indexes of the diagnostic performance were the summary receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Eight eligible publications with 255 advanced NSCLC patients were included in this meta-analysis. Taking tumor tissues as reference, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of circulating tumor cells for detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status were found to be 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.95), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.24–1.00), 16.81 (95% CI: 0.33–848.62), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.06–0.64), and 86.81 (95% CI: 1.22–6,154.15), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). The subgroup analysis showed that the factors of blood volume, histological type, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, and circulating tumor cell and tissue test methods for EGFR accounted for the significant difference of the pooled specificity. No significant difference was found between the pooled sensitivity of the subgroup. Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirmed that circulating tumor cells are a good surrogate for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutation when tumor tissue is unavailable in advanced NSCLC patients, but more precise techniques are needed to improve their clinical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Johann DJ, Steliga M, Shin IJ, Yoon D, Arnaoutakis K, Hutchins L, Liu M, Liem J, Walker K, Pereira A, Yang M, Jeffus SK, Peterson E, Xu J. Liquid biopsy and its role in an advanced clinical trial for lung cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:262-271. [PMID: 29405770 PMCID: PMC5813874 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217750087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy methodologies, for the purpose of plasma genotyping of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of solid tumors, are a new class of novel molecular assays. Such assays are rapidly entering the clinical sphere of research-based monitoring in translational oncology, especially for thoracic malignancies. Potential applications for these blood-based cfDNA assays include: (i) initial diagnosis, (ii) response to therapy and follow-up, (iii) tumor evolution, and (iv) minimal residual disease evaluation. Precision medicine will benefit from cutting-edge molecular diagnostics, especially regarding treatment decisions in the adjuvant setting, where avoiding over-treatment and unnecessary toxicity are paramount. The use of innovative genetic analysis techniques on individual patient tumor samples is being pursued in several advanced clinical trials. Rather than using a categorical treatment plan, the next critical step of therapeutic decision making is providing the "right" cancer therapy for an individual patient, including correct dose and timeframe based on the molecular analysis of the tumor in question. Per the 21st Century Cures Act, innovative clinical trials are integral for biomarker and drug development. This will include advanced clinical trials utilizing: (i) innovative assays, (ii) molecular profiling with cutting-edge bioinformatics, and (iii) clinically relevant animal or tissue models. In this paper, a mini-review addresses state-of-the-art liquid biopsy approaches. Additionally, an on-going advanced clinical trial for lung cancer with novelty through synergizing liquid biopsies, co-clinical trials, and advanced bioinformatics is also presented. Impact statement Liquid biopsy technology is providing a new source for cancer biomarkers, and adds new dimensions in advanced clinical trials. Utilizing a non-invasive routine blood draw, the liquid biopsy provides abilities to address perplexing issues of tumor tissue heterogeneity by identifying mutations in both primary and metastatic lesions. Regarding the assessment of response to cancer therapy, the liquid biopsy is not ready to replace medical imaging, but adds critical new information; for instance, through a temporal assessment of quantitative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay results, and importantly, the ability to monitor for signs of resistance, via emerging clones. Adjuvant therapy may soon be considered based on a quantitative cfDNA assay. As sensitivity and specificity of the technology continue to progress, cancer screening and prevention will improve and save countless lives by finding the cancer early, so that a routine surgery may be all that is required for a definitive cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Johann
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Mathew Steliga
- Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ik Jae Shin
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arnaoutakis
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Laura Hutchins
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Meeiyueh Liu
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jason Liem
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Karl Walker
- Computer Science, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Andy Pereira
- Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mary Yang
- Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Susanne K Jeffus
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Erich Peterson
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joshua Xu
- Bioinformatics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72709, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Donaldson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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25
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Loosen SH, Schueller F, Trautwein C, Roy S, Roderburg C. Role of circulating microRNAs in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:586-594. [PMID: 28515844 PMCID: PMC5411953 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i12.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs regulate gene expression by inhibiting the turnover of their target mRNAs. In the last years, it became apparent that miRNAs are released into the circulation and circulating miRNAs emerged as a new class of biomarkers for various diseases. In this review we summarize available data on the role of circulating miRNAs in the context of acute and chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Data from animal models are compared to human data and current challenges in the field of miRNAs research are discussed.
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