1
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Marx A, Koopmann L, Höflmayer D, Büscheck F, Hube-Magg C, Steurer S, Eichenauer T, Clauditz TS, Wilczak W, Simon R, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Haese A, Schlomm T, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Bonk S. Reduced anoctamin 7 (ANO7) expression is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:245-255. [PMID: 33628598 PMCID: PMC7877177 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) is a calcium2+-dependent chloride ion channel protein. Its expression is restricted to prostate epithelial cells. The exact function is unknown. This study aimed to analyze ANO7 expression and its clinical significance in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods ANO7 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 17,747 clinical PCa specimens. Results ANO7 was strongly expressed in normal prostate glandular cells but often less abundant in cancer cells. ANO7 staining was interpretable in 13,594 cancer tissues and considered strong in 34.4%, moderate in 48.7%, weak in 9.3%, and negative in 7.6%. Reduced staining was tightly linked to adverse tumor features [high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, high Ki67 labeling index, positive surgical margin, and early biochemical recurrence (P < 0.0001 each)]. The univariate Cox hazard ratio for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after prostatectomy in patients with negative vs. strong ANO7 expression was 2.98 (95% confidence interval 2.61-3.38). The prognostic impact was independent of established pre- or postoperatively available parameters (P < 0.0001). Analysis of annotated molecular data showed that low ANO7 expression was linked to TMPRSS2:ERG fusions (P < 0.0001), elevated androgen receptor expression (P < 0.0001), as well as presence of 9 of 11 chromosomal deletions (P < 0.05 each). A particularly strong association of low ANO7 expression with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion may indicate a functional relationship with the PTEN/AKT pathway. Conclusions These data identify reduced ANO7 protein expression as a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in PCa. ANO7 measurement, either alone or in combination, might provide clinically useful prognostic information in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Fürth, Fürth 90766, Germany
| | - Lena Koopmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sarah Bonk
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
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Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 and 2 (ESRP1 and ESRP2) upregulation predicts poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1220. [PMID: 33339518 PMCID: PMC7749503 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) and 2 (ESRP2) regulate alternative splicing events of various pre-mRNAs. Some of these targets play a role in cancer-associated processes, including cytoskeleton reorganization and DNA-repair processes. This study was undertaken to estimate the impact of ESRP1 and ESRP2 alterations on prostate cancer patient prognosis. Methods A tissue microarray made from 17,747 individual cancer samples with comprehensive, pathological, clinical and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for ESRP1 and ESRP2. Results Nuclear staining for ESRP1 was seen in 38.6% (36.0% low, 2.6% high) of 12,140 interpretable cancers and in 41.9% (36.4% low, 5.3% high) of 12,962 interpretable cancers for ESRP2. Nuclear protein expression was linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason score, presence of lymph node metastasis, early biochemical recurrence, and ERG-positive cancers (p < 0.0001 each). Expression of ESRPs was significantly linked to 11 (ESRP1)/9 (ESRP2) of 11 analyzed deletions in all cancers and to 8 (ESRP1)/9 (ESRP2) of 11 deletions in ERG-negative cancers portending a link to genomic instability. Combined ESRPs expression analysis suggested an additive effect and showed the worst prognosis for cancers with high ESRP1 and ESRP2 expression. Multivariate analyses revealed that the prognostic impact of ESRP1, ESRP2 and combined ESRP1/ESRP2 expression was independent of all established pre- and postoperative prognostic features. Conclusions Our data show a striking link between nuclear ESRP expression and adverse features in prostate cancer and identifies expression of ESRP1 and/or ESRP2 as independent prognostic markers with a potential for routine application.
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Increased Cytoplasmic CD138 Expression Is Associated with Aggressive Characteristics in Prostate Cancer and Is an Independent Predictor for Biochemical Recurrence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5845374. [PMID: 33195694 PMCID: PMC7641694 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5845374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane proteoglycan expressed in various normal and malignant tissues. It is of interest due to a possible prognostic effect in tumors and its role as a target for the antibody-drug conjugate indatuximab ravtansine. Here, we analyzed 17,747 prostate cancers by immunohistochemistry. Membranous and cytoplasmic CD138 staining was separately recorded. In normal prostate glands, CD138 staining was limited to basal cells. In cancers, membranous CD138 positivity was seen in 19.6% and cytoplasmic CD138 staining in 11.2% of 12,851 interpretable cases. A comparison with clinico-pathological features showed that cytoplasmic CD138 staining was more linked to unfavorable tumor features than membranous staining. Cytoplasmic CD138 immunostaining was associated with high tumor stage (p < 0.0001), high Gleason grade (p < 0.0001), nodal metastases (p < 0.0001), positive surgical margin (p < 0.0001), and biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001). This also holds true for both V-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusion positive and ERG fusion negative tumors although the cytoplasmic CD138 expression was markedly more frequent in ERG positive than in ERG negative tumors (p < 0.0001). Comparison with 11 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions identified a conspicuous association between cytoplasmic CD138 expression and 8p deletions (p < 0.0001) suggesting a possible functional interaction of CD138 with one or several 8p genes. Multivariate analysis revealed the cytoplasmic CD138 expression as an independent prognostic parameter in all cancers and in the ERG positive subgroup. In summary, our study indicates the cytoplasmic CD138 expression as a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical measurement of CD138 protein may thus—perhaps in combination with other parameters—become clinically useful in the future.
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4
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Möller K, Kluth M, Ahmed M, Burkhardt L, Möller-Koop C, Büscheck F, Weidemann S, Tsourlakis MC, Minner S, Heinzer H, Huland H, Graefen M, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Dum D, Simon R. Chromosome 5 harbors two independent deletion hotspots at 5q13 and 5q21 that characterize biologically different subsets of aggressive prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:748-758. [PMID: 33045100 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of chromosome 5q is common in prostate cancer and is linked to aggressive disease. Most previous studies focused on 5q21 where CHD1 is located, but deletion of mapping studies has identified a second deletion hotspot at 5q13. To clarify the prevalence and clinical relevance of 5q13 deletions and to determine the relative importance of 5q13 and 5q21 abnormalities, a tissue microarray containing samples from 12 427 prostate cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 was found in 13.5% and 10%, respectively, of 7932 successfully analyzed cancers. Deletion was restricted to 5q13 in 49.4% and to 5q21 in 32.0% of cancers with a 5q deletion. Only 18.6% of 5q-deleted cancers had deletions of both loci. Both 5q13 and 5q21 deletions were significantly linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason grade, nodal metastasis and early biochemical recurrence (P < .005 each). Cancers with co-deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 had a worse prognosis than cancers with isolated 5q13 or 5q21 deletion (P = .0080). Comparison with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status revealed that 5q21 deletions were tightly linked to ERG negativity (P < .0001) while 5q13 deletions were unrelated to the ERG status. In summary, 5q13 deletion and 5q21 deletion are common, but independent genomic alterations with different functional effects lead to aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Malik Ahmed
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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5
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Bonk S, Kluth M, Jansen K, Hube-Magg C, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Höflmayer D, Weidemann S, Möller K, Uhlig R, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Burandt E, Clauditz TS, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Sauter G, Simon R, Dum D. Reduced KLK2 expression is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in ERG-negative prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1097-1107. [PMID: 32628300 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2)-like KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen [PSA])-belongs to the highly conserved serine proteases of the glandular kallikrein protein family (KLK family). Studies suggested that measurement of KLK2 serum levels advanced the predictive accuracy of PSA testing in prostate cancer. METHODS To clarify the potential utility of KLK2 as a prognostic tissue biomarker, KLK2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in more than 12 000 prostate cancers. RESULTS Normal epithelium cells usually showed weak to moderate KLK2 immunostaining, whereas KLK2 was negative in 23%, weak in 38%, moderate in 35%, and strong in 4% of 9576 analyzable cancers. Lost or reduced KLK2 immunostaining was associated with advanced tumor stage, high Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, increased cell proliferation, positive resection margin, and early PSA recurrence (P < .0001). Comparison with previously analyzed molecular alterations revealed a strong association of KLK2 loss and presence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (P < .0001), most of all analyzed common deletions (9 of 11; P ≤ .03), and decreased PSA immunostaining (P < .0001 each). Cancers with combined negative or weak immunostaining of KLK2 and PSA showed worse prognosis than cancers with at least moderate staining of one or both proteins (P < .0001). Multivariate analyses including established preoperative and postoperative prognostic parameters showed a strong independent prognostic impact of KLK2 loss alone or in combination of PSA, especially in erythroblast transformation-specific-negative cancers (P ≤ .006). CONCLUSIONS Loss of KLK2 expression is a potentially useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Analysis of KLK2 alone or in combination with PSA may be useful for estimating cancer aggressiveness at the time of biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonk
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Jansen
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Prostate Cancer Center (Martini-Clinic), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Prostate Cancer Center (Martini-Clinic), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Bonk S, Tasdelen P, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Möller K, Höflmayer D, Dwertmann Rico S, Büscheck F, Minner S, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Hinsch A, Luebke AM, Dum D, Uhlig R, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Simon R, Weidemann SA. High B7-H3 expression is linked to increased risk of prostate cancer progression. Pathol Int 2020; 70:733-742. [PMID: 32776718 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a member of the B7 superfamily of immune checkpoint molecules. B7-H3 up regulation has been linked to cancer development and progression in many tumors including prostate cancer. To clarify the potential utility of B7-H3 as a prognostic biomarker, B7-H3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in more than 17 000 prostate cancers. Normal prostatic glands were largely B7-H3 negative, while membranous B7-H3 immunostaining was seen in 47.0% of analyzed cancers. B7-H3 immunostaining was weak in 12.3%, moderate in 21.1% and strong in 13.5% of cases. High B7-H3 expression was associated with pT, Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate-specific antigen recurrence (P < 0.0001 each). High B7-H3 expression was also linked to high androgen receptor expression and TMPRSS2:V-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusions (P < 0.0001 each). Multivariate analyses showed a strong independent prognostic impact of high B7-H3 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup. Comparison with previously analyzed frequent chromosomal deletions revealed a close association with Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deletions. Analysis of B7-H3, alone or in combination with other markers, might be of clinical utility, especially in the subgroup of ERG negative prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bonk
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pinar Tasdelen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancers Lacking TMPRSS2: ERG Fusions. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2709-2722. [PMID: 32677026 PMCID: PMC7471174 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) controls WNT signaling and is thought to play a role for tumor aggressiveness. Here, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancers with pathological, clinical and molecular data by immunohistochemistry. SFRP4 expression was higher in cancer than in non-neoplastic acinar cells. SFRP4 staining was seen in 64.9% of tumors and classified as weak in 33.2%, moderate in 23.9% and strong in 7.8% of cancers. SFRP4 overexpression was linked to advanced tumor stage, high classical/quantitative Gleason grade (p < 0.0001 each), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0002), and a positive surgical margin (p = 0.0017). SFRP4 positivity was markedly more frequent in ERG positive (77.4%) than in ERG negative cancers (57.4% p < 0.0001). Subset analyses in 2725 cancers with and 3592 cancers without TMPRSS2:ERG fusion revealed that associations with tumor phenotype and patient outcome were largely driven by the subset of ERG negative tumors. In a multivariate analysis including various postoperative and prognostic clinico-pathological features, SFRP4 protein expression emerged as an independent prognostic parameter in ERG negative cancers. SFRP4 immunostaining was significantly linked with 10 of 11 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions (p < 0.05 each). In conclusion, high SFRP4 immunostaining is associated with poor prognosis and genomic instability in ERG negative prostate cancers.
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8
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A copy number gain on 18q present in primary prostate tumors is associated with metastatic outcome. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:932.e1-932.e7. [PMID: 32665124 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most prostate cancers (CaPs) grow slowly and remain indolent, yet some become aggressive and metastasize. Clinical decision-making requires prognostic markers that can be utilized at the time of diagnosis to identify aggressive tumors. Previous studies have shown a correlation between genomic alterations on the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q) and metastatic CaP. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to comprehensively profile copy number alterations found on 18q in prostate tumors with varying outcomes to identify putative biomarkers associated with more aggressive disease METHODS: A custom comparative genomic hybridization array was created composed of high-density tiling of 18q sequences. Primary prostate tumor tissues were gathered from men who underwent radical prostatectomy and were categorized based on the patient's long-term clinical outcome as either metastatic disease (MET) or no evidence of disease (NED). DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostatectomy tumor tissues, and analyzed for copy number variations (CNVs). Protein levels of genes found within the region of CNVs were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Thirty-Four primary prostate tumors were analyzed: 17 NEDs and 17 METs. Two significant regions of copy number gains were found on 18q associated with outcome. One gain located at 18q11.2 was found exclusively in NED outcome tumors while another gain, located at 18q21.31, was found exclusively in MET outcome tumors (P -value< 0.0076). Immunohistochemistry analysis of protein levels showed more protein associated with copy number gain in the MET samples vs. those without the gain as indicated by H-scores of 184.7 and 121.0 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The latter of these CNVs represent a putative biomarker for aggressive disease and highlights a putative metastasis promoting gene. Further study of known connections to CaP suggests that the paracaspase MALT1 is the most likely target of the copy number gain and represents a potential therapeutic target. Future studies would be of interest to determine MALT1's role in aggressive CaP and the ability of this CNV region to differentiate CaP that will eventually metastasize.
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9
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Up regulation of the Hippo signalling effector YAP1 is linked to early biochemical recurrence in prostate cancers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8916. [PMID: 32488048 PMCID: PMC7265544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator YAP1 controls the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. YAP1 overexpression is linked to poor prognosis in many cancer types, yet its role in prostate cancer is unknown. Here, we applied YAP1 immunohistochemistry to a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens. Cytoplasmic and nuclear YAP1 staining was seen in 81% and 63% of tumours. For both cytoplasmic and nuclear YAP1 staining, high levels were associated with advanced tumour stage, classical and quantitative Gleason grade, positive nodal stage, positive surgical margin, high KI67 labelling index, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic role of YAP1 staining was independent of established prognostic features in multivariate models (p < 0.001). Comparison with previously studied molecular markers identified associations between high YAP1 staining, TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (p < 0.0001), high androgen receptor (AR) expression (p < 0.0001), high Ki67 labelling index (p < 0.0001), and PTEN and 8p deletions (p < 0.0001 each). In conclusion, high YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of unfavourable disease course in prostate cancer. That cytoplasmic and nuclear YAP1 staining is equally linked to phenotype and prognosis fits well to a model where YAP1 activation during tumour progression includes up regulation, cytoplasmic accumulation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus.
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10
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Möller K, Wecker AL, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Steurer S, Clauditz TS, Wilczak W, Simon R, Sauter G, Huland H, Heinzer H, Haese A, Schlomm T, Weidemann S, Luebke AM, Minner S, Bernreuther C, Bonk S, Marx A. Upregulation of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein hnRNPA1 is an independent predictor of early biochemical recurrence in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:625-636. [PMID: 32417965 PMCID: PMC7581599 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) is a ubiquitous RNA splicing factor that is overexpressed and prognostically relevant in various human cancer types. To study the impact of hnRNPA1 expression in prostate cancer, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. hnRNPA1 was expressed in normal prostate glandular cells but often overexpressed in cancer cells. hnRNPA1 immunostaining was interpretable in 14,258 cancers and considered strong in 33.4%, moderate in 45.9%, weak in 15.3%, and negative in 5.4%. Moderate to strong hnRNPA1 immunostaining was strongly linked to adverse tumor features including high classical and quantitative Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, positive surgical margin, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic impact of hnRNPA1 immunostaining was independent of established preoperatively or postoperatively available prognostic parameters (p < 0.0001). Subset analyses revealed that all these associations were strongly driven by the fraction of cancers lacking the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Comparison with other key molecular data that were earlier obtained on the same TMA showed that hnRNPA1 overexpression was linked to high levels of androgen receptor (AR) expression (p < 0.0001) as well as presence of 9 of 11 chromosomal deletions (p < 0.05 each). A strong association between hnRNPA1 upregulation and tumor cell proliferation that was independent from the Gleason score supports a role for tumor cell aggressiveness. In conclusion, hnRNPA1 overexpression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ERG-negative prostate cancer. hnRNPA1 measurement, either alone or in combination, might provide prognostic information in ERG-negative prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Wecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Makrypidi-Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bonk
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Fürth, Fürth, Germany
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11
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Upregulation of Phosphatase 1 Nuclear-Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:7050146. [PMID: 32377272 PMCID: PMC7196962 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 nuclear-targeting subunit (PNUTS) is ubiquitously expressed and associates with PTEN and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to control its activity. The role of PNUTS overexpression has hardly been studied in cancer. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to quantitate PNUTS expression on a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens. As compared to normal prostate epithelium, PNUTS expression was often higher in cancer. Among 12,235 interpretable tumors, PNUTS staining was negative in 21%, weak in 34%, moderate in 35%, and strong in 10% of cases. High PNUTS expression was associated with higher tumor stage, classical and quantitative Gleason grade, nodal stage, surgical margin, Ki67 labeling index, and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). PNUTS expression proved to be a moderate prognostic parameter with a maximal univariable Cox proportional hazard for PSA recurrence-free survival of 2.21 compared with 5.91 for Gleason grading. It was independent from established prognostic parameters in multivariable analysis. Comparison with molecular data available from earlier studies using the same TMA identified associations between high PNUTS expression and elevated androgen receptor expression (p < 0.0001), presence of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (p < 0.0001), and 8 of 11 chromosomal deletions (3p13, 5q21, 8p21, 10q23, 12p13, 13q14, 16q24, and 17p13; p < 0.05 each). Particularly strong associations with PTEN and 12p13 deletions (p < 0.0001 each) may indicate a functional relationship, which has already been established for PNUTS and PTEN. PNUTS had no additional role on outcome in PTEN-deleted cancers. In conclusion, the results of our study identify high PNUTS protein levels as a predictor of poor prognosis possibly linked to increased levels of genomic instability. PNUTS measurement, either alone or in combination, might be of clinical utility in prostate cancers.
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12
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Fraune C, Yehorov S, Luebke AM, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Sauter G, Weidemann S, Dum D, Kind S, Minner S, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Burandt E. Upregulation of PTTG1 is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Pathol Int 2020; 70:441-451. [PMID: 32314536 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is a regulator of chromosome stability. PTTG1 overexpression had been associated with tumor aggressiveness in several cancer types. To examine its prognostic utility in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray including 12 427 tumors with clinical and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PTTG1 immunostaining was largely absent in normal prostate epithelial cells. In cancers, staining was considered weak in 5.4%, moderate in 5.6% and strong in 0.8%. Strong staining was linked to advanced pT stage, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, high Ki67-labeling index (all P < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0083). The prognostic impact of PTTG1 expression was independent of established preoperative and postoperative prognostic features. Comparison with molecular features revealed that PTTG1 upregulation was associated with nine of 12 common genomic deletions (P < 0.05), p53 alterations and high androgen receptor levels (P < 0.001 each), but was unrelated to the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status. In conclusion, these data identify PTTG1 as a strong and independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. PTTG1 measurement, either alone or in combination with other biomarkers might be instrumental for determining prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Serhiy Yehorov
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Charité-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Eichenauer T, Federlein F, Möller K, Chirico V, Kind S, Lennartz M, Lutz F, Hube-Magg C, Höflmayer D, Fisch M, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Haese A, Schroeder C, Lebok P, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Luebke AM. High CHK2 protein expression is a strong and independent prognostic feature in ERG negative prostate cancer. Pathology 2020; 52:421-430. [PMID: 32317175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) is a serine-threonine kinase with a role in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Both reduced and increased CHK2 expression has been described in different tumour types with impact on patient prognosis. To evaluate prevalence and significance of altered CHK2 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing 17,747 tumours was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear CHK2 immunostaining was absent or weak in benign prostate epithelium but often more prominent in cancers. CHK2 immunostaining was considered weak in 38.8%, moderate in 33.6% and strong in 11.2% of prostate cancers. High CHK2 expression was strongly associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusions (p<0.0001). Subgroup analysis of ERG positive and negative cancers revealed that high CHK2 staining was significantly linked to advanced tumour stage, high Gleason score, positive nodal status, positive surgical margin, high preoperative PSA (p<0.0001 each) and early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence (p=0.0001) in the subset of ERG negative cancers, while most of these associations were absent in ERG positive cancers. In ERG negative cancers, high CHK2 expression was an independent predictor of patient prognosis, even if parameters were included that were only available postoperatively. High CHK2 expression was also linked to presence of chromosomal deletions, high level of androgen receptor expression, positive p53 immunostaining, and high Ki-67 labelling index. These provide further in vivo evidence for previously described functional interactions. In summary, high CHK2 expression is linked to adverse tumour features and independently predicts early biochemical recurrence in ERG negative prostate cancer. CHK2 measurement, either alone or in combination, might be of clinical utility in this prostate cancer subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Eichenauer
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Felix Federlein
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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14
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Luebke AM, Ricken W, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Schroeder C, Büscheck F, Möller K, Dum D, Höflmayer D, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Hinsch A, Wittmer C, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Haese A, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Meiners J. Loss of the adhesion molecule CEACAM1 is associated with early biochemical recurrence in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:575-583. [PMID: 32150281 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) has been linked to adverse tumor features in various cancer types. To better understand the role of CEACAM1 in prostate cancer, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing tumor spots from 17,747 prostate cancer patients by means of immunohistochemistry. Normal prostate glands showed intense membranous CEACAM1 positivity. Immunostaining was interpretable in 13,625 cancers and was considered high in 28%, low in 43% and absent in 29% of tumors. Low and lost CEACAM1 expression was strongly linked to adverse tumor features including high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage, positive surgical margin, a high number of genomic deletions and early biochemical recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). Subset analysis of molecularly defined cancer subsets revealed that these associations were strongest in V-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) fusion-positive cancers and that CEACAM1 loss was prognostic even in tumors harboring genomic deletions of the phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor suppressor (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis suggested that CEACAM1 analysis can provide independent prognostic information beyond established prognosis parameters at the stage of the initial biopsy when therapy decisions must be taken. In conclusion, loss of CEACAM1 expression predicts poor prognosis in prostate cancer and might provide clinically useful prognostic information particularly in cancers harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ricken
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Meiners
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Fraune C, Harms L, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Möller K, Luebke AM, Möller-Koop C, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Sauter G, Weidemann S, Lebok P, Dum D, Kind S, Minner S, Izbicki JR, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Burandt E, Haese A, Graefen M, Schroeder C. Upregulation of the transcription factor TFAP2D is associated with aggressive tumor phenotype in prostate cancer lacking the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. Mol Med 2020; 26:24. [PMID: 32143573 PMCID: PMC7060561 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TFAP2D is a transcription factor important for modulating gene expression in embryogenesis. Its expression and prognostic role in prostate cancer has not been evaluated. Methods Therefore, a tissue microarray containing 17,747 prostate cancer specimens with associated pathological, clinical, and molecular data was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess the role of TFAP2D. Results TFAP2D expression was typically increased in prostate cancer as compared to adjacent non-neoplastic glands. TFAP2D staining was considered negative in 24.3% and positive in 75.7% of 13,545 interpretable cancers. TFAP2D staining was significantly linked to advanced tumor stage, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, and a positive surgical margin (p ≤ 0.0045). TFAP2D positivity was more common in ERG fusion positive (88.7%) than in ERG negative cancers (66.8%; p < 0.0001). Subset analyses in 3776 cancers with and 4722 cancers without TMPRSS2:ERG fusion revealed that associations with tumor phenotype and patient outcome were largely driven by the subset of ERG negative tumors. Multivariate analysis did not identify TFAP2D protein expression levels as a robust independent prognostic parameter. Positive TFAP2D immunostaining was significantly associated with 10 of 11 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions in ERG negative cancers (p ≤ 0.0244 each) indicating that elevated TFAP2D expression parallels genomic instability in prostate cancer. Conclusion These data demonstrate that TFAP2D protein overexpression is linked to prostate cancer progression and genomic instability in ERG negative prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Harms
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Höflmayer D, Hamuda M, Schroeder C, Hube-Magg C, Simon R, Göbel C, Hinsch A, Weidemann S, Möller K, Izbicki JR, Jacobsen F, Mandelkow T, Blessin NC, Lutz F, Viehweger F, Sauter G, Burandt E, Lebok P, Lennartz M, Fraune C, Minner S, Bonk S, Huland H, Graefen M, Schlomm T, Büscheck F. High RSF1 protein expression is an independent prognostic feature in prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:268-273. [PMID: 31687881 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1686537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Remodelling and spacing factor 1 (RSF1) is involved in the regulation of chromatin remodelling and represents a potential therapeutic target. High RSF1 expression has been linked to adverse tumour features in many cancer types, but its role in prostate cancer is uncertain.Methods: In this study, RSF1 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 17,747 prostate cancers.Results: Nuclear RSF1 staining of 16,456 interpetable cancers was considered strong, moderate, weak and negative in 25.2%, 48.7%, 5.3% and 20.8% of cancers respectively. Positive RSF1 expression was associated with advanced tumour stage, high Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis (p < .0001 each), early biochemical recurrence (p < .0003) and more frequent in the ERG positive than in the ERG negative subset (88% versus 71%; p < .0001). Subset analysis revealed, that associations between RSF1 expression and unfavourable tumour phenotype and PSA recurrence were present in both subgroups but stronger in the ERG negative than in the ERG positive subset. The univariate Cox proportional hazard ratio for PSA recurrence-free survival for strong versus negative RSF1 expression was a weak 1.60 compared with 5.91 for the biopsy Gleason grade ≥4 + 4 versus ≤3 + 3. The positive association of RSF1 protein detection with deletion of 3p13, 10q23 (PTEN), 12p13, 16q23, and 17p13 (p < .0001 each) suggest a role of high RSF1 expression in the development of genomic instability.Conclusion: In summary, the results of our study identify RSF1 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer with a particularly strong role in ERG negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moslim Hamuda
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacob R. Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Mandelkow
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C. Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bonk
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Centre, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Szymańska E, Nowak P, Kolmus K, Cybulska M, Goryca K, Derezińska-Wołek E, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Brewińska-Olchowik M, Grochowska A, Piwocka K, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Mikula M, Miączyńska M. Synthetic lethality between VPS4A and VPS4B triggers an inflammatory response in colorectal cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10812. [PMID: 31930723 PMCID: PMC7005644 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic copy number alterations play a critical role in oncogenesis. Loss of chromosomal regions containing tumor suppressors can lead to collateral deletion of passenger genes. This can be exploited therapeutically if synthetic lethal partners of such passenger genes are known and represent druggable targets. Here, we report that VPS4B gene, encoding an ATPase involved in ESCRT‐dependent membrane remodeling, is such a passenger gene frequently deleted in many cancer types, notably in colorectal cancer (CRC). We observed downregulation of VPS4B mRNA and protein levels from CRC patient samples. We identified VPS4A paralog as a synthetic lethal interactor for VPS4B in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Depleting both proteins profoundly altered the cellular transcriptome and induced cell death accompanied by the release of immunomodulatory molecules that mediate inflammatory and anti‐tumor responses. Our results identify a pair of novel druggable targets for personalized oncology and provide a rationale to develop VPS4 inhibitors for precision therapy of VPS4B‐deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szymańska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Nowak
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kolmus
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cybulska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Derezińska-Wołek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Grochowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Miączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Eggener SE, Rumble RB, Armstrong AJ, Morgan TM, Crispino T, Cornford P, van der Kwast T, Grignon DJ, Rai AJ, Agarwal N, Klein EA, Den RB, Beltran H. Molecular Biomarkers in Localized Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2019; 38:1474-1494. [PMID: 31829902 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This guideline provides recommendations for available tissue-based prostate cancer biomarkers geared toward patient selection for active surveillance, identification of clinically significant disease, choice of postprostatectomy adjuvant versus salvage radiotherapy, and to address emerging questions such as the relative value of tissue biomarkers compared with magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS An ASCO multidisciplinary Expert Panel, with representatives from the European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and the College of American Pathologists, conducted a systematic literature review of localized prostate cancer biomarker studies between January 2013 and January 2019. Numerous tissue-based molecular biomarkers were evaluated for their prognostic capabilities and potential for improving management decisions. Here, the Panel makes recommendations regarding the clinical use and indications of these biomarkers. RESULTS Of 555 studies identified, 77 were selected for inclusion plus 32 additional references selected by the Expert Panel. Few biomarkers had rigorous testing involving multiple cohorts and only 5 of these tests are commercially available currently: Oncotype Dx Prostate, Prolaris, Decipher, Decipher PORTOS, and ProMark. With various degrees of value and validation, multiple biomarkers have been shown to refine risk stratification and can be considered for select men to improve management decisions. There is a paucity of prospective studies assessing short- and long-term outcomes of patients when these markers are integrated into clinical decision making. RECOMMENDATIONS Tissue-based molecular biomarkers (evaluating the sample with the highest volume of the highest Gleason pattern) may improve risk stratification when added to standard clinical parameters, but the Expert Panel endorses their use only in situations in which the assay results, when considered as a whole with routine clinical factors, are likely to affect a clinical decision. These assays are not recommended for routine use as they have not been prospectively tested or shown to improve long-term outcomes-for example, quality of life, need for treatment, or survival. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/genitourinary-cancer-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Todd M Morgan
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Philip Cornford
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alex J Rai
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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19
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Claudin-1 upregulation is associated with favorable tumor features and a reduced risk for biochemical recurrence in ERG-positive prostate cancer. World J Urol 2019; 38:2185-2196. [PMID: 31745645 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-03017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-1 is a membrane-tight junction protein and important for the sealing of the paracellular cleft in epithelial and endothelial cells. Differential expression of Claudin-1 is linked to disease outcome in various cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS To evaluate the potential relevance of Claudin-1 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing samples of 17,747 tumors with annotated clinico-pathological and molecular data was immunohistochemically analyzed for Claudin-1 expression. RESULTS In normal prostate, glandular cells were always Claudin-1-negative while there was a strong staining of gland-surrounding basal cells. In contrast to normal prostatic glands, a positive Claudin-1 immunostaining, was found, however, in 38.7% of 12,441 interpretable cancers and was considered weak in 12.7%, moderate in 13.2%, and strong in 12.8% of cases. Positive Claudin-1 immunostaining was associated with favorable tumor features like low pT (p = 0.0032), low Gleason grade (p< 0.0001), and a reduced risk of PSA recurrence (p = 0.0005). A positive Claudin-1 staining was markedly more frequent in ERG-positive (63%) than in ERG-negative cancers (23%; p < 0.0001). Subset analyses revealed that all associations of Claudin-1 expression and favorable phenotype and prognosis were driven by ERG-positive cancers. Multivariate analyses revealed, however, that even in ERG-positive cancers, the prognostic impact of high Claudin-1 expression was not independent of established clinico-pathological parameters. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions identified conspicuous associations with PTEN and 12p13 deletions potentially indicating functional interactions. CONCLUSION These data identify a peculiar role for Claudin-1 in prostate cancer. The protein is overexpressed in a fraction of prostate cancers and increased Claudin-1 expression levels predict a favorable prognosis in ERG-positive cancer.
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20
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Weidemann SA, Sauer C, Luebke AM, Möller-Koop C, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Sauter G, Göbel C, Lebok P, Dum D, Fraune C, Kind S, Minner S, Izbicki J, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Burandt E, Haese A, Graefen M, Heumann A. High-level expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31606028 PMCID: PMC6790047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) is ubiquitously tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressive properties. METHODS PTPN12 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 13,660 clinical prostate cancer specimens. RESULTS PTPN12 staining was typically absent or weak in normal prostatic epithelium but seen in the majority of cancers, where staining was considered weak in 26.5%, moderate in 39.9%, and strong in 4.7%. High PTPN12 staining was associated with high pT category, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate specific antigen recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). PTPN12 staining was seen in 86.4% of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive but in only 58.4% of ERG negative cancers. Subset analyses discovered that all associations with unfavorable phenotype and prognosis were markedly stronger in ERG positive than in ERG negative cancers but still retained in the latter group. Multivariate analyses revealed an independent prognostic impact of high PTPN12 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup and to a lesser extent also in ERG positive cancers. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions revealed that high PTPN12 expression was significantly associated with 10 of 12 deletions in ERG negative and with 7 of 12 deletions in ERG positive cancers (p < 0.05 each) indicating that PTPN12 overexpression parallels increased genomic instability in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data identify PTPN12 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. PTPN12 analysis, either alone or in combination with other biomarkers might be of clinical utility in assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Kluth M, Al Kilani Z, Özden C, Hussein K, Frogh S, Möller‐Koop C, Burandt E, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Jacobsen F, Luebke AM, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Hoeflmayer D, Wittmer C, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Simon R, Wilczak W. 5q21 deletion is often heterogeneous in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:509-515. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Zaid Al Kilani
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Cansu Özden
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Khakan Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Sohall Frogh
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Doris Hoeflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of UrologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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22
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Kluth M, Scherzai S, Büschek F, Fraune C, Möller K, Höflmayer D, Minner S, Göbel C, Möller-Koop C, Hinsch A, Neubauer E, Tsourlakis MC, Sauter G, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Wilczak W, Luebke AM, Burandt E, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Simon R. 13q deletion is linked to an adverse phenotype and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:504-512. [PMID: 29923647 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome arm 13q belong to the most frequent molecular alterations in prostate cancer. To better understand the role of 13q deletion in prostate cancer we took advantage of our large prostate cancer tissue microarray comprising more than 12 000 cancer samples with full pathological and clinical follow-up data. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for ENOX1 (13q14.11) and the retinoblastoma gene (RB1, 13q14.2) was employed. A 13q deletion was found in 21% of 7375 analyzable cancers. Deletions were always heterozygous and associated with high Gleason grade (P < .0001), advanced tumor stage (P < .0001), high preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (P = .0125), lymph node metastasis (P = .0377), positive resection margin (P = .0064), and early biochemical recurrence (P < .0001). 13q deletions were marginally more frequent in prostate cancers with negative ERG status (22.9%) than in ERG-positive tumors (18.7%; P < .0001). Loss of 13q predicted patient prognosis independently from established prognostic parameters that are available at the time of biopsy (P = .0004), including preoperative PSA level, clinical tumor stage, and biopsy Gleason grade. In summary, the results of our study identify 13q deletion as a frequent event in prostate cancer, which is linked to an adverse phenotype and poor prognosis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sekander Scherzai
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büschek
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Emily Neubauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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23
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Lotan TL, Heumann A, Rico SD, Hicks J, Lecksell K, Koop C, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. PTEN loss detection in prostate cancer: comparison of PTEN immunohistochemistry and PTEN FISH in a large retrospective prostatectomy cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65566-65576. [PMID: 29029453 PMCID: PMC5630353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN deletion is an established prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer. We compared PTEN immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PTEN fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the largest existing radical prostatectomy cohort with clinical follow-up data. There was high concordance between IHC and FISH: 93% (3098/3330) of tumors with intact PTEN IHC showed absence of PTEN gene deletion and 66% (720/1087) of cases with PTEN protein loss by IHC showed PTEN gene deletion by FISH. 84% (447/533) of cases with PTEN homozygous gene deletion had PTEN protein loss by IHC. PTEN loss by IHC was associated with reduced PSA recurrence-free survival (RFS) in multivariable models (HR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.16-1.47). Among cases with either PTEN deletion or absence of PTEN deletion by FISH, PTEN loss by IHC was strongly associated with reduced RFS on univariable analysis (p=0.0005 and p<0.0001 respectively). Among cases with intact PTEN by IHC, homozygous (p=0.04) but not heterozygous (p=0.10) PTEN gene deletion was weakly associated with reduced RFS. Among cases with PTEN loss by IHC, both homozygous (p=0.0044) and heterozygous (p=0.0017) PTEN gene deletion were associated with reduced RFS. These data support the utility of PTEN IHC and PTEN FISH as complementary screening tools for PTEN loss in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Lotan
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asmus Heumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Hicks
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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