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Kong K, Hu S, Yue J, Yang Z, Jabbour SK, Deng Y, Zhao B, Li F. Integrative genomic profiling reveals characteristics of lymph node metastasis in small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:295-311. [PMID: 36895932 PMCID: PMC9989804 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive lung cancer subtype, with more than 70% of patients having metastatic disease and a poor prognosis. However, no integrated multi-omics analysis has been performed to explore novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or significantly mutated genes (SMGs) associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in SCLC. Methods In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-sequencing were performed on tumor specimens to investigate the association between genomic and transcriptome alterations and LNM in SCLC patients with (N+, n=15) or without (N0, n=11) LNM. Results The results of WES revealed that the most common mutations occurred in TTN (85%) and TP53 (81%). The SMGs, including ZNF521, CDH10, ZNF429, POLE, and FAM135B, were associated with LNM. Cosmic signature analysis showed that mutation signatures 2, 4, and 7 were associated with LNM. Meanwhile, DEGs, including MAGEA4, FOXI3, RXFP2, and TRHDE, were found to be associated with LNM. Furthermore, we found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of RB1 (P=0.0087), AFF3 (P=0.058), TDG (P=0.05), and ANKRD28 (P=0.042) were significantly correlated with copy number variants (CNVs), and ANKRD28 expression was consistently lower in N+ tumors than in N0 tumors. Further validation in cBioPortal revealed a significant correlation between LNM and poor prognosis in SCLC (P=0.014), although there was no significant correlation between LNM and overall survival (OS) in our cohort (P=0.75). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first integrative genomics profiling of LNM in SCLC. Our findings are particularly important for early detection and the provision of reliable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Fleming MC, Chiou LF, Tumbale PP, Droby GN, Lim J, Norris-Drouin JL, Williams JG, Pearce KH, Williams RS, Vaziri C, Bowers AA. Discovery and Structural Basis of the Selectivity of Potent Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of MAGE-A4. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7231-7245. [PMID: 35522528 PMCID: PMC9930912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAGE proteins are cancer testis antigens (CTAs) that are characterized by highly conserved MAGE homology domains (MHDs) and are increasingly being found to play pivotal roles in promoting aggressive cancer types. MAGE-A4, in particular, increases DNA damage tolerance and chemoresistance in a variety of cancers by stabilizing the E3-ligase RAD18 and promoting trans-lesion synthesis (TLS). Inhibition of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 axis could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutics like platinating agents. We use an mRNA display of thioether cyclized peptides to identify a series of potent and highly selective macrocyclic inhibitors of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 interaction. Co-crystal structure indicates that these inhibitors bind in a pocket that is conserved across MHDs but take advantage of A4-specific residues to achieve high isoform selectivity. Cumulatively, our data represent the first reported inhibitor of the MAGE-A4:RAD18 interaction and establish biochemical tools and structural insights for the future development of MAGE-A4-targeted cellular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Fleming
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Lilly F. Chiou
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Percy P. Tumbale
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Gaith N. Droby
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jiwoong Lim
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Jacqueline L. Norris-Drouin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Jason G. Williams
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - R. Scott Williams
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA,Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Albert A. Bowers
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
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3
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Wu SC, Münger K. Role and Clinical Utility of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225690. [PMID: 34830845 PMCID: PMC8616139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens exhibit selective expression predominantly in immunoprivileged tissues in non-pathological contexts but are aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers. Due to their expression pattern, they have historically been attractive targets for immunotherapies. A growing number of studies implicate CT antigens in almost all hallmarks of cancer, suggesting that they may act as cancer drivers. CT antigens are expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, their role in the pathogenesis of these cancers remains poorly studied. Given that CT antigens hold intriguing potential as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers for prognosis and that they can provide novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms, their further study in the context of head and squamous cell carcinoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Changshan Wu
- Molecular Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Karl Münger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Poojary M, Jishnu PV, Kabekkodu SP. Prognostic Value of Melanoma-Associated Antigen-A (MAGE-A) Gene Expression in Various Human Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 7428 Patients and 44 Studies. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:537-555. [PMID: 32548799 PMCID: PMC7497308 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Members of the melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) subfamily are overexpressed in many cancers and can drive cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic recurrence. Objective This study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis evaluating the prognostic utility of MAGE-A members in different cancers. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated to evaluate the prognostic significance of MAGE-A expression in various cancers. Results In total, 44 eligible studies consisting of 7428 patients from 11 countries were analysed. Univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival showed a significant association between high MAGE-A expression and various cancers (P < 0.00001). Additionally, subgroup analysis demonstrated that high MAGE-A expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis for lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and ovarian cancer in both univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival. Conclusion Overexpression of MAGE-A subfamily members is linked to poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Therefore, it could serve as a potential prognostic marker of poor prognosis in cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40291-020-00476-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Poojary
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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5
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Oncogenic activity and cellular functionality of melanoma associated antigen A3. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114700. [PMID: 34303709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis antigen Melanoma associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3) has been subject of research for many years. Being expressed in various tumor types and influencing proliferation, metastasis, and tumor pathogenicity, MAGE-A3 is an attractive target for cancer therapy, particularly because in healthy tissues, MAGE-A3 is only expressed in testes and placenta. MAGE-A3 acts as a cellular master regulator by stimulating E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), resulting in regulation of various cellular targets. These include tumor suppressor protein p53 and cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The restricted expression of MAGE-A3 in tumor cells makes MAGE-A3 an attractive target for vaccine-based immune therapy. However, although phase I and phase II clinical trials involving MAGE-A3-specific immunotherapeutic interventions were promising, large phase III studies failed. This article gives an overview about the role of MAGE-A3 as a cellular master switch and discusses approaches to improve MAGE-A3-based immunotherapies.
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6
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Völkel G, Laban S, Fürstberger A, Kühlwein SD, Ikonomi N, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C, Neuberg DS, Gaidzik V, Döhner H, Kraus JM, Kestler HA. Analysis, identification and visualization of subgroups in genomics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5909009. [PMID: 32954413 PMCID: PMC8138884 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving multiple somatic mutations that accumulate during its progression. In the past years, the wide availability of genomic data from patients’ samples opened new perspectives in the analysis of gene mutations and alterations. Hence, visualizing and further identifying genes mutated in massive sets of patients are nowadays a critical task that sheds light on more personalized intervention approaches. Results Here, we extensively review existing tools for visualization and analysis of alteration data. We compare different approaches to study mutual exclusivity and sample coverage in large-scale omics data. We complement our review with the standalone software AVAtar (‘analysis and visualization of alteration data’) that integrates diverse aspects known from different tools into a comprehensive platform. AVAtar supplements customizable alteration plots by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for subset identification and provides an innovative and user-friendly interface for the evaluation of concurrent solutions. A use case from personalized medicine demonstrates its unique features showing an application on vaccination target selection. Availability AVAtar is available at: https://github.com/sysbio-bioinf/avatar Contact hans.kestler@uni-ulm.de, phone: +49 (0) 731 500 24 500, fax: +49 (0) 731 500 24 502
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Verena Gaidzik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
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7
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Friedman J, Moore EC, Zolkind P, Robbins Y, Clavijo PE, Sun L, Greene S, Morisada MV, Mydlarz WK, Schmitt N, Hodge JW, Schreiber H, Van Waes C, Uppaluri R, Allen C. Neoadjuvant PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade Reverses Functional Immunodominance among Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:679-689. [PMID: 31645352 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical resection of primary tumor with regional lymphadenectomy remains the treatment of choice for patients with advanced human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, even when pathologic disease-free margins can be achieved, locoregional and/or distant disease relapse remains high. Perioperative immunotherapy may improve outcomes, but mechanistic data supporting the use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment clinically are sparse. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two syngeneic models of oral cavity carcinoma with defined T-cell antigens were treated with programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) mAb before or after surgical resection of primary tumors, and antigen-specific T-cell responses were explored with functional and in vivo challenge assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that functional immunodominance developed among T cells targeting multiple independent tumor antigens. T cells specific for subdominant antigens expressed greater levels of PD-1. Neoadjuvant, but not adjuvant, PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade broke immunodominance and induced T-cell responses to dominant and subdominant antigens. Using tumors lacking the immunodominant antigen as a model of antigen escape, neoadjuvant PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade induced effector T-cell immunity against tumor cells lacking immunodominant but retaining subdominant antigen. When combined with complete surgical excision, neoadjuvant PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade led to formation of immunologic memory capable of preventing engraftment of tumors lacking the immunodominant but retaining subdominant antigen. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results implicate PD-1 expression by T cells in the mechanism of functional immunodominance among independent T-cell clones within a progressing tumor and support the use of neoadjuvant PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in patients with surgically resectable carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Friedman
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen C Moore
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Zolkind
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul E Clavijo
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lilian Sun
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah Greene
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan V Morisada
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wojciech K Mydlarz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicole Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hans Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clint Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Xu B, Jungbluth AA, Frosina D, Alzumaili B, Aleynick N, Slodkowska E, Higgins K, Ho A, Morris L, Ghossein R, Katabi N. The immune microenvironment and expression of PD-L1, PD-1, PRAME and MHC I in salivary duct carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 75:672-682. [PMID: 31237963 DOI: 10.1111/his.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy that results in high mortality rates and is often resistant to chemotherapy. Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have led to dramatic improvements in patients with various cancers. Other immunotherapeutic approaches, e.g. cancer vaccines, have shown promising results. Cancer testis antigens, e.g. preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), are regarded as promising vaccine targets because of their tumour-specific expression pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the immunoexpression of PD-L1, PD-1, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and PRAME in 53 SDCs. The immunoexpression levels of PD-L1 in tumour cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), PD-1 in ICs, PRAME in TCs and MHC I in TCs were analysed, and were correlated with outcome. PRAME expression was seen in 83% of SDCs. No PRAME staining was present in normal salivary gland tissue. With the three established diagnostic algorithms proposed for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the criteria being a combined positive score of ≥1, TC% ≥1%, and TC% ≥25%, 35 (66%), 17 (32%) and three cases (6%), respectively, were deemed to be positive for PD-L1. PD-1-positive ICs were seen in 35 (66%) cases. MHC I down-regulation was seen in 82% of SDCs. There was a significant correlation among PD-L1 expression in ICs, PD-1 expression in ICs, and PRAME expression in TCs. PD-L1 expression in TCs and lack of PD-1 expression in ICs were associated with decreased disease-specific survival in SDC patients. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of the tumour immune microenvironment are common in SDCs, including expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and PRAME, which opens the way to potential novel immune therapies, such as cancer vaccination and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bayan Alzumaili
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Aleynick
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Gu X, Mao Y, Shi C, Ye W, Hou N, Xu L, Chen Y, Zhao W. MAGEC2 Correlates With Unfavorable Prognosis And Promotes Tumor Development In HCC Via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7843-7855. [PMID: 31576142 PMCID: PMC6767874 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although MAGEC2 was first cloned from a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cDNA library by serum screening, the detailed attributes of MAGEC2 in HCC have rarely been elucidated. Patients and methods In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were consulted to analyse the expression of MAGEC2 mRNA in liver cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was performed to detect MAGEC2 expression in HCC, and the relationship between MAGEC2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was evaluated. Then, we employed the short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated knockdown of MAGEC2 in HCC cell lines to explore the function of MAGEC2 in HCC development. Finally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in HCC xenografts and clinical samples was investigated. Results The results showed a remarkably higher level of MAGEC2 expression in HCC tissues than in noncancerous tissues, and MAGEC2 expression could be used as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in HCC. Moreover, sh-MAGEC2 inhibited a series of HCC malignant behaviours both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, decreased MAGEC2 expression and low levels of EMT markers were detected in sh-MAGEC2 xenografts, while increased MAGEC2 expression and high levels of EMT markers were observed in invasive and metastatic HCC samples. Conclusion Taken together, our data imply that MAGEC2 is a novel prognostic marker for HCC and that MAGEC2 significantly promotes HCC tumourigenesis by inducing EMT. Targeting MAGEC2 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Mao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbing Shi
- Department of Pathology, Pukou District Central Hospital, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hou
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Gangkofner DS, Holzinger D, Schroeder L, Eichmüller SB, Zörnig I, Jäger D, Wichmann G, Dietz A, Broglie MA, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Ezic J, Marienfeld RB, Möller P, Völkel G, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Brunner C, Schuler PJ, Wigand M, Theodoraki MN, Doescher J, Hoffmann TK, Pawlita M, Butt J, Waterboer T, Laban S. Patterns of antibody responses to nonviral cancer antigens in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients differ by human papillomavirus status. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3436-3444. [PMID: 31407331 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There have been hints that nonviral cancer antigens are differentially expressed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Antibody responses (AR) to cancer antigens may be used to indirectly determine cancer antigen expression in the tumor using a noninvasive and tissue-saving liquid biopsy. Here, we set out to characterize AR to a panel of nonviral cancer antigens in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC patients. A fluorescent microbead multiplex serology to 29 cancer antigens (16 cancer-testis antigens, 5 cancer-retina antigens and 8 oncogenes) and 29 HPV-antigens was performed in 382 HNSCC patients from five independent cohorts (153 HPV-positive and 209 HPV-negative). AR to any of the cancer antigens were found in 272/382 patients (72%). The ten most frequent AR were CT47, cTAGE5a, c-myc, LAGE-1, MAGE-A1, -A3, -A4, NY-ESO-1, SpanX-a1 and p53. AR to MAGE-A3, MAGE-A9 and p53 were found at significantly different prevalences by HPV status. An analysis of AR mean fluorescent intensity values uncovered remarkably different AR clusters by HPV status. To identify optimal antigen selections covering a maximum of patients with ≤10 AR, multiobjective optimization revealed distinct antigen selections by HPV status. We identified that AR to nonviral antigens differ by HPV status indicating differential antigen expression. Multiplex serology may be used to characterize antigen expression using serum or plasma as a tissue-sparing liquid biopsy. Cancer antigen panels should address the distinct antigen repertoire of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Gangkofner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Schroeder
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy (D210), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inka Zörnig
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Applied Tumor Immunity (D120), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Applied Tumor Immunity (D120), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina A Broglie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dyckhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jasmin Ezic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gunnar Völkel
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marlene Wigand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie N Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology (F022), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Antibody Responses to Cancer Antigens Identify Patients with a Poor Prognosis among HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7405-7412. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Yu Y, Huang C, Li Z, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhu C, Li Q, Zhuang Y, Xu J, Luo J, Chen L, Wang W. Expressions of melanoma-associated antigen A1 as a prognostic factor in Chinese patients with resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 29:510-516. [PMID: 31169876 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOBJECTIVESMelanoma-associated antigen A1 (MAGEA1) is a potential target for immunotherapy and has been associated with poor survival rate in several cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic predictive value of MAGEA1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to determine whether the expression of MAGEA1 is an independent predictor of survival in patients with resectable OSCC.METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on a large cohort of 197 patients with OSCC who underwent radical surgical treatment in the Department of Thoracic Surgery between January 2006 and December 2012. The expression of MAGEA1 in OSCC and matched normal oesophageal mucosa specimens from these patients was detected by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray technology.RESULTSThe MAGEA1 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumour cells. The positive expression rate of MAGEA1 was significantly higher in OSCC tissue than in normal oesophageal mucosa (73.6% vs 5.6%, P < 0.001). MAGEA1 expression had no correlations with sex, age, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, T stage, lymph node metastasis, grade/location of the tumour or TNM stage (all at P > 0.05). Compared with those with negative MAGEA1 expression, patients with positive MAGEA1 expression were associated with a reduced overall survival rate (5-year survival rate: 53.8% vs 37.2%; P = 0.018). The multivariable analysis revealed that MAGEA1 expression is an independent predictor of prognosis (P = 0.007, hazard ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.89).CONCLUSIONSThe expression of MAGEA1 is abundant in Chinese patients with OSCC and is related to a worse clinical outcome. MAGEA1 may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with resectable OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Trippel A, Halling F, Heymann P, Ayna M, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. The expression of melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGE-A) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an evaluation of the significance for tumor prognosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 23:343-352. [PMID: 31093793 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanoma-associated antigens A had been detected repeatedly in oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in healthy mucosa. Additionally, patients with MAGE-A expressing cancers are regarded to have a worse survival prognosis, so that MAGE-A are supposed to be part of carcinogenesis. Which role these antigens fulfill within OSCC is still, up today, largely unknown. This study examines the hypothesis that MAGE-A is being produced in OSCC but not in mucosa tissue and if MAGE-A has any correlation to clinical patient's parameters like tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, overall survival, and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, 50 tumor samples and 39 mucosa samples were analyzed by means of PCR and immunohistochemical staining with the antibody 6C1. RESULTS Forty of 41 stained tumor samples showed a positive antibody reaction with a maximum staining rate of 53%. Sixteen mucosa samples showed a mild positive reaction. The PCR revealed a linear expression pattern of MAGE-A in which the genes are proportionally expressed in OSCC. We did not find any relationship between MAGE-A and tumor size, overall survival, or recurrence. There was also no connection between MAGE-A and tumor parameters Hif-1 and LDH. Their expression was detected tendentially in tumors with higher staging, advanced lymph node metastasis, and rising age of the patients. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004). Patients got distant metastasis and influence of MAGE-A on metastatic behavior could not be verified. The genes MAGE-A3 and -A4 are consequently qualified as tumor markers in the field of diagnosis and follow-up of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Two genes have great potential as target proteins in immunotherapy. The genes MAGE-A3+6 and MAGE-A4 had a statistically significant correlation with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trippel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Halling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Heymann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Ayna
- Center for Dental Implantology, 47051, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziebart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baldingerstrasse, Philipps University of Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Gao Y, Kardos J, Yang Y, Tamir TY, Mutter-Rottmayer E, Weissman B, Major MB, Kim WY, Vaziri C. The Cancer/Testes (CT) Antigen HORMAD1 promotes Homologous Recombinational DNA Repair and Radioresistance in Lung adenocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15304. [PMID: 30333500 PMCID: PMC6192992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer/Testes (CT) Antigen HORMAD1 is germ cell-restricted and plays developmental roles in generation and processing of meiotic DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB). Many tumors aberrantly overexpress HORMAD1 yet the potential impact of this CT antigen on cancer biology is unclear. We tested a potential role of HORMAD1 in genome maintenance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We show that HORMAD1 re-distributes to nuclear foci and co-localizes with the DSB marker γH2AX in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapeutic agents. The HORMA domain and C-term disordered oligomerization motif are necessary for localization of HORMAD1 to IR-induced foci (IRIF). HORMAD1-depleted cells are sensitive to IR and camptothecin. In reporter assays, Homologous Recombination (HR)-mediated repair of targeted ISce1-induced DSBs is attenuated in HORMAD1-depleted cells. In Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) reporter assays, HORMAD1-depletion does not affect repair of ISce1-induced DSB. Early DSB signaling events (including ATM phosphorylation and formation of γH2AX, 53BP1 and NBS1 foci) are intact in HORMAD1-depleted cells. However, generation of RPA-ssDNA foci and redistribution of RAD51 to DSB are compromised in HORMAD1-depleted cells, suggesting that HORMAD1 promotes DSB resection. HORMAD1-mediated HR is a neomorphic activity that is independent of its meiotic partners (including HORMAD2 and CCDC36. Bioinformatic analysis of TCGA data show that similar to known HR pathway genes HORMAD1 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of HR genes is associated with specific mutational profiles (including copy number variation). Taken together, we identify HORMAD1-dependent DSB repair as a new mechanism of radioresistance and a probable determinant of mutability in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jordan Kardos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tigist Y Tamir
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mutter-Rottmayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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15
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Behrendt N, Schultewolter T, Busam K, Frosina D, Spagnoli G, Jungbluth A. [Expression of cancer testis (CT) antigens in pediatric and adolescent melanomas]. DER PATHOLOGE 2018. [PMID: 28631119 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main problems in the diagnostics of pediatric melanomas is the differentiation from benign dermal lesions typical for this age group, such as Spitz nevus. The biological behavior of pediatric melanomas differs considerably from that of melanomas in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cancer testis (CT) antigens are named after their typical expression pattern since they are present in various types of malignant tumors but in normal adult tissues are solely expressed in testicular germ cells. Because of this tumor-associated expression pattern, CT antigens are regarded as potential targets for vaccine-based immunotherapy of cancer and might be used as diagnostic tools in surgical pathology. In adults, melanoma is among the tumors showing a high incidence of CT antigen expression; however, while there is ample knowledge about adult melanomas, little is known about the presence of CT antigens in pediatric melanomas. Consequently, the expression of CT antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4, CT7/MAGE-C1, NY-ESO-1, and GAGE was analyzed in a series of pediatric melanomas. The study was restricted to cases of metastatic disease and/or fatal outcome. A total of 12 cases were available and immunohistochemically analyzed with monoclonal antibodies (mAb). RESULTS The expression of CT antigens was generally low and present in only 4 of 12 cases. This is in stark contrast to the expression of these antigens in adult melanomas. Moreover, the extent of expression was very limited with most cases showing only a focal CT antigen expression and only marked in very small tumor areas (<5%). CONCLUSION Despite the low case numbers this study indicates that CT antigens are most likely not useful as diagnostic markers in pediatric melanomas or as targets for vaccine-based immunotherapy. It supports the notion that pediatric melanomas show a different biological behavior than their adult counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Behrendt
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Dänemark
| | - T Schultewolter
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Deutschland
| | - K Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, 10021, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, 10021, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Spagnoli
- Abteilung für Biomedizin, Universitätsklinikum Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | - A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, 10021, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Gordeeva O. Cancer-testis antigens: Unique cancer stem cell biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:75-89. [PMID: 30171980 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are considered as unique and promising cancer biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. CTAs are multifunctional protein group with specific expression patterns in normal embryonic and adult cells and various types of cancer cells. CTAs are involved in regulating of the basic cellular processes during development, stem cell differentiation and carcinogenesis though the biological roles and cell functions of CTA families remain largely unclear. Analysis of CTA expression patterns in embryonic germ and somatic cells, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, cancer stem cells and their cell descendants indicates that rearrangements of characteristic CTA profiles (aberrant expression) could be associated with cancer transformation and failure of the developmental program of cell lineage specification and germ line restriction. Therefore, aberrant CTA profiles can be used as panels of biomarkers for diagnoses and the selection of cancer treatment strategies. Moreover, immunogenic CTAs are prospective targets for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials testing broad range of cancer therapeutic vaccines against antigens of MAGEA and NY-ESO-1 families for treating various cancers have shown mixed clinical efficiency, safety and tolerability, suggesting the requirement of in-depth research of CTA expression in normal and cancer stem cells and extensive clinical trials for improving cancer immunotherapy technologies. This review focuses on recent advancement in study of CTAs in normal and cancer cells, particularly in normal and cancer stem cells, and provides a new insight into CTA expression patterns during normal and cancer stem cell lineage development. Additionally, new approaches in development of effective CTA-based therapies exclusively targeting cancer stem cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gordeeva
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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17
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Hartmann S, Zwick L, Maurus K, Fuchs AR, Brands RC, Seher A, Kübler AC, Müller-Richter UD. Melanoma-associated antigen A11 reduces erlotinib and afatinib efficacy in head and neck cancer. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:492-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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18
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Meyer TJ, Hartmann S, Wohlleben G, Brisam M, Seher A, Kübler AC, Polat B, Müller-Richter UDA. MAGE-A9 in head and neck cancer: Prognostic value and preclinical findings in the context of irradiation. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 8:513-519. [PMID: 29556384 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy alone, or as an addition to surgery is important for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition to their expression in germ cells, melanoma associated antigens-A (MAGE-A) are only expressed in malignant tissue. Notably, there is a known correlation between MAGE-A9 expression and poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. However, current knowledge regarding the function of MAGE-A9 expression, particularly in the context of irradiation, is limited. MAGE-A9 expression in 37 oral squamous cell carcinoma patents was immunohistochemically determined and analyzed for overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. Next, the expression of MAGE-A9 was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in HNSCC cell lines prior to and following irradiation with 2 Gray. The radiosensitivity of each cell line was determined using a clonogenic survival assay. There was a significantly (P=0.0468) longer overall survival in patients with a low level of MAGE-A9 expression. The median overall survival in patients with high MAGE-A9 expression was 47% compared to 73% in the group with low MAGE-A9 expression. The cell lines revealed a distinct expression pattern of MAGE-A9. Following irradiation of the cell lines, a significant enhancement of MAGE-A9 mRNA expression levels was observed. The most prominent alteration in MAGE-A9 expression was observed in the most radioresistant cell line. A high MAGE-A9 expression level correlates significantly with lower overall survival in HNSCC patients. Additionally, irradiation increased the MAGE-A9 mRNA levels in all five HNSCC cell lines, and the most resistant cell line demonstrated the greatest increase in MAGE-A9 expression following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till J Meyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Muna Brisam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Urs D A Müller-Richter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Review of cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors : Current concepts, expectations, limitations and pitfalls. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2017; 130:85-91. [PMID: 29098404 PMCID: PMC5816095 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibition is about to profoundly change cancer therapy. The number of indications are growing at an unprecedented speed. Clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy in a variety of solid tumors and in hematologic malignancies, although some clinical trials have produced negative results. Thus, it is fair to assume that there are obvious limitations and pitfalls in immunotherapy. Future concepts for combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors have to be developed, but there is also urgent need for better and standardized biomarkers to identify those cancer patients who will benefit from treatment by checkpoint inhibition. The current overview summarizes current knowledge on immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in malignancies, its outlook and limitations, diagnostic means and, finally, side effect management.
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20
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MAGE-A11 expression contributes to cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1477-1486. [PMID: 29034444 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the roles of melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) in the cisplatin treatment of head and neck cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the efficacy of cisplatin in a set of four head and neck cancer cell lines using a crystal violet assay. The MAGE-A expression in all cell lines was measured with RT-qPCR. The correlation between MAGE-A expression and cisplatin efficacy was investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis. Furthermore, we established a cell line with stable overexpression of MAGE-A11 and determined influence on proliferation, cisplatin efficacy and cell apoptosis. In this cell line, the effects of cisplatin were assessed using either crystal violet assays or flow cytometry (Annexin V). RESULTS For MAGE-A11, we observed the highest correlation (r = 1.000, p = 0.0417) with low cisplatin efficacy. Stable overexpression of MAGE-A11 resulted in no changes in proliferation, but in lower cisplatin cytotoxicity and lower rates of apoptosis. Also, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) expression was induced by MAGE-A11 overexpression. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that MAGE-A11 expression contributes to cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study underscores the negative predictive role of MAGE-A11 expression in head and neck cancer.
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