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Mistry T, Nath A, Pal R, Ghosh S, Mahata S, Kumar Sahoo P, Sarkar S, Choudhury T, Nath P, Alam N, Nasare VD. Emerging Futuristic Targeted Therapeutics: A Comprising Study Towards a New Era for the Management of TNBC. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:132-148. [PMID: 38145412 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is characterized by high lethality attributed to factors such as chemoresistance, transcriptomic, and genomic heterogeneity, leading to a poor prognosis and limiting available targeted treatment options. While the identification of molecular targets remains pivotal for therapy involving chemo drugs, the current challenge lies in the poor response rates, low survival rates, and frequent relapses. Despite various clinical investigations exploring molecular targeted therapies in conjunction with conventional chemo treatment, the outcomes have been less than optimal. The critical need for more effective therapies underscores the urgency to discover potent novel treatments, including molecular and immune targets, as well as emerging strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of conventional treatment approaches and explores emerging molecular and immune-targeted therapeutics, elucidating their mechanisms to address the existing obstacles for a more effective management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuma Mistry
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Arijit Nath
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Departments of Pathology and Cancer Screening
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neyaz Alam
- Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
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Qu Y, Xu J, Zhang T, Chen Q, Sun T, Jiang C. Advanced nano-based strategies for mRNA tumor vaccine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:170-189. [PMID: 38239240 PMCID: PMC10792970 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccine is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy by introducing tumor antigens into the body to activate specific anti-tumor immune responses. Along with the technological breakthroughs in genetic engineering and delivery systems, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has achieved unprecedented development and application over the last few years, especially the emergency use authorizations of two mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has saved countless lives and makes the world witness the powerful efficacy of mRNA technology in vaccines. However, unlike infectious disease vaccines, which mainly induce humoral immunity, tumor vaccines also need to activate potent cellular immunity to control tumor growth, which creates a higher demand for mRNA delivery to the lymphatic organs and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here we review the existing bottlenecks of mRNA tumor vaccines and advanced nano-based strategies to overcome those challenges, as well as future considerations of mRNA tumor vaccines and their delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Cai J, Qiao Y, Chen L, Lu Y, Zheng D. Regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by natural products for cancer therapy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109483. [PMID: 37848105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates normal biological processes involved in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal in a context-dependent fashion. Attributed to its pleiotropic physiological roles, both overexpression and silencing of the pathway are associated with the emergence, progression, and poorer prognosis in various types of cancer. To decrease disease incidence and promote survival, targeting Notch may have chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects. Natural products with profound historical origins have distinguished themselves from other therapies due to their easy access, high biological compatibility, low toxicity, and reliable effects at specific physiological sites in vivo. This review describes the Notch signaling pathway, particularly its normal activation process, and some main illnesses related to Notch signaling pathway dysregulation. Emphasis is placed on the effects and mechanisms of natural products targeting the Notch signaling pathway in diverse cancer types, including curcumin, ellagic acid (EA), resveratrol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and xanthohumol and so on. Existing evidence indicates that natural products are feasible solution to fight against cancer by targeting Notch signaling, either alone or in combination with current therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Cai
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yajie Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingbin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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Tiwari PK, Ko TH, Dubey R, Chouhan M, Tsai LW, Singh HN, Chaubey KK, Dayal D, Chiang CW, Kumar S. CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic tool for triple negative breast cancer: from bench to clinics. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214489. [PMID: 37469704 PMCID: PMC10352522 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a third-generation genome editing method that has revolutionized the world with its high throughput results. It has been used in the treatment of various biological diseases and infections. Various bacteria and other prokaryotes such as archaea also have CRISPR/Cas9 systems to guard themselves against bacteriophage. Reportedly, CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy may inhibit the growth and development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) via targeting the potentially altered resistance genes, transcription, and epigenetic regulation. These therapeutic activities could help with the complex issues such as drug resistance which is observed even in TNBC. Currently, various methods have been utilized for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into the targeted cell such as physical (microinjection, electroporation, and hydrodynamic mode), viral (adeno-associated virus and lentivirus), and non-viral (liposomes and lipid nano-particles). Although different models have been developed to investigate the molecular causes of TNBC, but the lack of sensitive and targeted delivery methods for in-vivo genome editing tools limits their clinical application. Therefore, based on the available evidences, this review comprehensively highlighted the advancement, challenges limitations, and prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 for the treatment of TNBC. We also underscored how integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning could improve CRISPR/Cas9 strategies in TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Tiwari
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tin-Hsien Ko
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Chouhan
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Himanshu Narayan Singh
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deen Dayal
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zamfirescu AM, Yatsenko AS, Shcherbata HR. Notch signaling sculpts the stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1027222. [PMID: 36605720 PMCID: PMC9810114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1027222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells depend on their niches for regulatory signaling that controls their maintenance, division, and their progeny differentiation. While communication between various types of stem cells and their niches is becoming clearer, the process of stem cell niche establishment is still not very well understood. Model genetic organisms provide simplified systems to address various complex questions, for example, how is a stem cell niche formed? What signaling cascades induce the stem cell niche formation? Are the mechanisms of stem cell niche formation conserved? Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway first identified in fruit flies, crucial in fate acquisition and spatiotemporal patterning. While the core logic behind its activity is fairly simple and requires direct cell-cell interaction, it reaches an astonishing complexity and versatility by combining its different modes of action. Subtleties such as equivalency between communicating cells, their physical distance, receptor and ligand processing, and endocytosis can have an effect on the way the events unfold, and this review explores some important general mechanisms of action, later on focusing on its involvement in stem cell niche formation. First, looking at invertebrates, we will examine how Notch signaling induces the formation of germline stem cell niche in male and female Drosophila. In the developing testis, a group of somatic gonadal precursor cells receive Delta signals from the gut, activating Notch signaling and sealing their fate as niche cells even before larval hatching. Meanwhile, the ovarian germline stem cell niche is built later during late larval stages and requires a two-step process that involves terminal filament formation and cap cell specification. Intriguingly, double security mechanisms of Notch signaling activation coordinated by the soma or the germline control both steps to ensure the robustness of niche assembly. Second, in the vast domains of mammalian cellular signaling, there is an emerging picture of Notch being an active player in a variety of tissues in health and disease. Notch involvement has been shown in stem cell niche establishment in multiple organs, including the brain, muscle, and intestine, where the stem cell niches are essential for the maintenance of adult stem cells. But adult stem cells are not the only cells looking for a home. Cancer stem cells use Notch signaling at specific stages to gain an advantage over endogenous tissue and overpower it, at the same time acquiring migratory and invasive abilities to claim new tissues (e.g., bone) as their territory. Moreover, in vitro models such as organoids reveal similar Notch employment when it comes to the developing stem cell niches. Therefore, a better understanding of the processes regulating stem cell niche assembly is key for the fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Halyna R. Shcherbata
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States,*Correspondence: Halyna R. Shcherbata,
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Understanding the role of Cripto-1 in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 25:1135-1144. [PMID: 36456761 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
During the initial stages of gastrulation during embryonic differentiation and wound healing, Cripto-1 is a critical protein for human growth. The epithelial adhesion molecules' downregulation, the mesenchymal overexpression, and mobile proteins are important mechanisms by which Cripto-1 initiates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a result, the function of Cripto-1 for inducing EMT to increase cell migration is advantageous during embryogenesis; however, it is deleterious during the formation, growth, and malignant tumor metastasis. The majority of malignancies are reported to have elevated levels of Cripto-1. Cripto-1 can modify cancerous cells through its function in EMT, which enables these cells to migrate via the extracellular matrix, bloodstream, and lymphatic vessels, on their way for metastasizing to other organs. The goal of this review is to explain what role Cripto-1 plays in common cancers and to summarize how therapeutic strategies are used to interfere with this molecule to target cancers.
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Song C, Zhen J, Gong A, Zhang L. Cripto-1/Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Affects Proliferation, Migration and Apoptosis of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Cripto-1 (CR-1)/glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) complex was involved in enhancing survival in different types of cells. CR-1 presented increased levels in ovarian carcinoma tissue. However, the potential mechanism of CR-1/GRP78 was unclear in ovarian cancer.
Thus, the study aimed to analyze the role of CR-1/GRP78 in ovarian carcinoma cells. Methods and materials: The CR-1 and GRP78 expression in different ovarian cancer cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot (WB). Immunoprecipitation assay was performed to analyze whether
Cripto-1 interacted with GRP78. The CR-1 interfering plasmids or GRP-78 overexpressing plasmids transfected into cells were used to decrease endogenous CR-1 levels and increase GRP-78 levels. Cell clonogenicity and proliferation capabilities were separately evaluated by clone growth assay,
along with the detection of cell migration and invasion abilities by transwell and wound healing assay. In addition, Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels were detected by WB. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Flow Cytometer and the detection of apoptosis-related proteins. Results:
The results showed that CR-1 and GRP78 levels were higher in SKOV3 than other cell lines. Furthermore, CR-1 interacted with GRP78 in cells, which formed protein complex. CR-1 silence significantly decreased GRP-78 levels. Moreover, GRP78 overexpression blocked the anti-survival effects caused
by CR-1 knockdown. Conclusion: CR-1 silence inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis via GRP78. It replied that GRP-78 overexpression might enhance the biological functions of CR-1/GRP78 complex ameliorated by CR-1 silence. Thus, CR-1/GRP78 could be a potential target for
treating ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Song
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Juan Zhen
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Longying Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
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Wang W, Liu X, Ding L, Jin HJ, Li X. RNA Hydrogel Combined with MnO 2 Nanoparticles as a Nano-Vaccine to Treat Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Chem 2022; 9:797094. [PMID: 35004614 PMCID: PMC8739783 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.797094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is not only the reason of tumor metastasis but also enhances the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor site, which results in cancer recurrence. Herein, we developed a self-assembled RNA hydrogel that efficiently delivered synergistic DNA CpG and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) adjuvants, as well as MnO2 loaded-photodynamic agent chlorine e6 (MnO2@Ce6), and a chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) into MDA-MB-231cells. The RNA hydrogel consists of one tumour suppressor miRNA (miRNA-205) and one anti-metastatic miRNA (miRNA-182), both of which showed an outstanding effect in synergistically abrogating tumours. The hydrogel would be dissociated by endogenous Dicer enzyme to release loaded therapeutic molecules, and in the meantime induce decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia. As a result, a remarkable synergistic therapeutic effect is achieved through the combined chemo-photodynamic therapy, which simultaneously triggers a series of anti-tumor immune responses. Besides, the hydrogel as the carrier which modified aptamer to targeted MDA-MB-231 has the advantages of good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. This strategy could be implemented to design any other microRNA (miRNA) as the carrier, combined with other treatment methods to treat human cancer, thereby overcoming the limitations of current cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Lairong Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Hyung Jong Jin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Xuemei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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He L, Wick N, Germans SK, Peng Y. The Role of Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Chemoresistance and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246209. [PMID: 34944829 PMCID: PMC8699562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an aggressive disease due to the lack of targeted therapies and low rate of response to chemotherapy that is currently the main treatment modality for TNBC. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subpopulation of breast tumors and recognized as drivers of tumorigenesis. TNBC tumors are characterized as being enriched for BCSCs. Studies have demonstrated the role of BCSCs as the source of metastatic disease and chemoresistance in TNBC. Multiple targets against BCSCs are now under investigation, with the considerations of either selectively targeting BCSCs or co-targeting BCSCs and non-BCSCs (majority of tumor cells). This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the role of BCSCs in TNBC and the identification of cancer stem cell biomarkers, paving the way for the development of new targeted therapies. The review also highlights the resultant discovery of cancer stem cell targets in TNBC and the ongoing clinical trials treating chemoresistant breast cancer. We aim to provide insights into better understanding the mutational landscape of BCSCs and exploring potential molecular signaling pathways targeting BCSCs to overcome chemoresistance and prevent metastasis in TNBC, ultimately to improve the overall survival of patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Neda Wick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Sharon Koorse Germans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6201 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (L.H.); (N.W.); (S.K.G.)
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence:
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Luteolin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stemness and Enhances Chemosensitivity through the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216452. [PMID: 34770867 PMCID: PMC8587415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor masses with unique abilities in self-renewal, stemness maintenance, drug resistance, and the promotion of cancer recurrence. Recent studies have suggested that breast CSCs play essential roles in chemoresistance. Therefore, new agents that selectively target such cells are urgently required. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes are the reason for an elevated tumor oxidant status. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional factor, which upon detecting cellular oxidative stress, binds to the promoter region of antioxidant genes. By triggering a cytoprotective response, Nrf2 maintains cellular redox status. Cripto-1 participates in the self-renewal of CSCs. Herein, luteolin, a flavonoid found in Taraxacum officinale extract, was determined to inhibit the expressions of stemness-related transcriptional factors, the ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity as well as the sphere formation properties of breast CSCs. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed the protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and Cripto-1 which have been determined to contribute critically to CSC features. The combination of luteolin and the chemotherapeutic drug, Taxol, resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the hallmarks of breast cancer stemness by downregulating Nrf2-mediated expressions. Luteolin constitutes a potential agent for use in cancer stemness-targeted breast cancer treatments.
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Freeman DW, Rodrigues Sousa E, Karkampouna S, Zoni E, Gray PC, Salomon DS, Kruithof-de Julio M, Spike BT. Whence CRIPTO: The Reemergence of an Oncofetal Factor in 'Wounds' That Fail to Heal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10164. [PMID: 34576327 PMCID: PMC8472190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a set of factors termed oncofetal proteins that play key roles in ontogeny before they decline or disappear as the organism's tissues achieve homeostasis, only to then re-emerge in cancer. Although the unique therapeutic potential presented by such factors has been recognized for more than a century, their clinical utility has yet to be fully realized1. This review highlights the small signaling protein CRIPTO encoded by the tumor derived growth factor 1 (TDGF1/Tdgf1) gene, an oft cited oncofetal protein whose presence in the cancer literature as a tumor promoter, diagnostic marker and viable therapeutic target continues to grow. We touch lightly on features well established and well-reviewed since its discovery more than 30 years ago, including CRIPTO's early developmental roles and modulation of SMAD2/3 activation by a selected set of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands. We predominantly focus instead on more recent and less well understood additions to the CRIPTO signaling repertoire, on its potential upstream regulators and on new conceptual ground for understanding its mode of action in the multicellular and often stressful contexts of neoplastic transformation and progression. We ask whence it re-emerges in cancer and where it 'hides' between the time of its fetal activity and its oncogenic reemergence. In this regard, we examine CRIPTO's restriction to rare cells in the adult, its potential for paracrine crosstalk, and its emerging role in inflammation and tissue regeneration-roles it may reprise in tumorigenesis, acting on subsets of tumor cells to foster cancer initiation and progression. We also consider critical gaps in knowledge and resources that stand between the recent, exciting momentum in the CRIPTO field and highly actionable CRIPTO manipulation for cancer therapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Freeman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA;
| | - Elisa Rodrigues Sousa
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Peter C. Gray
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - David S. Salomon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 20893, USA;
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (S.K.); (E.Z.)
- Translational Organoid Models, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin T. Spike
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA;
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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Kozovska Z, Rajcaniova S, Munteanu P, Dzacovska S, Demkova L. CRISPR: History and perspectives to the future. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111917. [PMID: 34328110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the information about the history and future of the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Genome editing can be perceived as a group of technologies that allow scientists to change the DNA of an organism. These technologies involve the deletion, insertion, or modification of the genome at a specific site in a DNA sequence. Gene therapy in humans has a perspective to be used to eliminate the gene responsible for a particular genetic disorder. The review focuses on the key elements of this promising method and the possibility of its application in the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kozovska
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - S Rajcaniova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Munteanu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of chemical and food technology, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Dzacovska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Demkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Edwards A, Brennan K. Notch Signalling in Breast Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692173. [PMID: 34295896 PMCID: PMC8290365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved developmental signalling pathway, with vital roles in determining cell fate during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signalling has been implicated in many disease pathologies, including cancer. In this review, we will outline the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway. We will also outline the role Notch signalling plays in normal mammary gland development and how Notch signalling is implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. We will cover how Notch signalling controls several different hallmarks of cancer within epithelial cells with sections focussed on its roles in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We will provide evidence for Notch signalling in the breast cancer stem cell phenotype, which also has implications for therapy resistance and disease relapse in breast cancer patients. Finally, we will summarise the developments in therapeutic targeting of Notch signalling, and the pros and cons of this approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Brennan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Ishii H, Afify SM, Hassan G, Salomon DS, Seno M. Cripto-1 as a Potential Target of Cancer Stem Cells for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102491. [PMID: 34065315 PMCID: PMC8160785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer immunotherapy is gaining attention as a potential fourth treatment following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Cancer stem cells have recently been recognized and validated as a key target for cancer treatment. Cripto-1, which is a GPI-anchored membrane-bound protein that functions as a co-receptor of Nodal, is a marker of cancer stem cells. Since Nodal is a member of the TGF-β family, which performs an important role in stem cells and cancer stem cells, the inhibition of Cripto-1 could be a strategy by which to block Nodal signaling and thereby suppress cancer stem cells. We propose that Cripto-1 may be a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract The immune system has been found to be suppressed in cancer patients. Cancer cells are extremely resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, conventional immunotherapy, or cancer antigen vaccine therapy. Cancer immunotherapy, which is mainly based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as those for PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, is an effective treatment method. However, no immunotherapeutic target has been found that retains validity in the face of tumor diversity. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokine family possesses broad biological activity and is involved in the induction and/or transdifferentiation of helper T cells, which are important in immunotherapy. Nodal is a member of the TGF-β family playing important roles in tissue stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), interacting with the co-receptor Cripto-1, as well as with Activin type IB (Alk4) and Activin typeIIreceptors, and maintaining stemness and Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CSCs. In recent years, it has been reported that Cripto-1 could be a potential therapeutic target in CSCs. Here, we review the accumulated literature on the molecular mechanisms by which Cripto-1 functions in CSCs and discuss the potential of Cripto-1 as an immunotherapeutic target in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ishii
- GSP Enterprise, Inc., 1-4-38 12F Minato-machi, Naniwa-ku, Osaka 556-0017, Japan;
| | - Said M. Afify
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (S.M.A.); (G.H.)
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKoum Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (S.M.A.); (G.H.)
| | - David S. Salomon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (S.M.A.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-251-8216
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16
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Deepak Singh D, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing for targeted transcriptional control in triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2384-2397. [PMID: 34025931 PMCID: PMC8120801 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women at the global level and the highest mortality rate has been observed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Accumulation of genetic lesions an aberrant gene expression and protein degradation are considered to underlie the onset of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, the challenge to identify the genes and molecules that could be potentially used as potent biomarkers for personalized medicine against TNBC with minimal or no associated side effects. Discovery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) arrangement and an increasing repertoire of its new variants has provided a much-needed fillip towards editing TNBC genomes. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, CRISPR Technology for diagnosis of (Triple-negative breast cancer) TNBC, Drug Resistance, and potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants in deciphering or engineering intricate molecular and epigenetic mechanisms associated with TNBC. Furthermore, we have also explored the TNBC and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing potential for repairing, genetic modifications in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City, Republic of Korea
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17
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Grillo PK, Győrffy B, Götte M. Prognostic impact of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the survival of breast cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1937-1955. [PMID: 33742285 PMCID: PMC8164625 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulated expression of proteoglycans influences the outcome and progression of numerous cancers. Several studies have investigated the role of individual glypicans in cancer, however, the impact of the whole glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on prognosis of a large patient cohort of breast cancer patients has not yet been investigated. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the prognostic power of the glypicans in breast cancer patients. Methods We used a public database including both gene expression data and survival information for 3951 breast cancer patients to determine the prognostic value of glypicans on relapse-free survival using Cox regression analysis. Moreover, we performed quantitative Real-Time PCR to determine glypican gene expression levels in seven representative breast cancer cell lines. Results We found that high GPC3 levels were associated with a better prognosis in overall breast cancer patients. When stratified by hormone receptor status, we found that in worse prognosis subtypes low GPC1 levels correlate with a longer relapse-free survival, and in more favorable subtypes low GPC6 was associated with longer survival. Conclusion Our study concludes that glypicans could act as subtype-specific biomarkers for the prognosis of breast cancer patients and sparks hope for future research on glypicans possibly eventually providing targets for the treatment of the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03597-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Karin Grillo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Balcioglu O, Heinz RE, Freeman DW, Gates BL, Hagos BM, Booker E, Mirzaei Mehrabad E, Diesen HT, Bhakta K, Ranganathan S, Kachi M, Leblanc M, Gray PC, Spike BT. CRIPTO antagonist ALK4 L75A-Fc inhibits breast cancer cell plasticity and adaptation to stress. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:125. [PMID: 33187540 PMCID: PMC7664111 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRIPTO is a multi-functional signaling protein that promotes stemness and oncogenesis. We previously developed a CRIPTO antagonist, ALK4L75A-Fc, and showed that it causes loss of the stem cell phenotype in normal mammary epithelia suggesting it may similarly inhibit CRIPTO-dependent plasticity in breast cancer cells. METHODS We focused on two triple negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) to measure the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on cancer cell behavior under nutrient deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We characterized the proliferation and migration of these cells in vitro using time-lapse microscopy and characterized stress-dependent changes in the levels and distribution of CRIPTO signaling mediators and cancer stem cell markers. We also assessed the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on proliferation, EMT, and stem cell markers in vivo as well as on tumor growth and metastasis using inducible lentiviral delivery or systemic administration of purified ALK4L75A-Fc, which represents a candidate therapeutic approach. RESULTS ALK4L75A-Fc inhibited adaptive responses of breast cancer cells under conditions of nutrient and ER stress and reduced their proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and expression of EMT and cancer stem cell markers. ALK4L75A-Fc also inhibited proliferation of human breast cancer cells in stressed tumor microenvironments in xenografts and reduced both primary tumor size and metastatic burden. CONCLUSIONS Cancer cell adaptation to stresses such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and chemotherapy can critically contribute to dormancy, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Identifying mechanisms that govern cellular adaptation, plasticity, and the emergence of stem-like cancer cells may be key to effective anticancer therapies. Results presented here indicate that targeting CRIPTO with ALK4L75A-Fc may have potential as such a therapy since it inhibits breast cancer cell adaptation to microenvironmental challenges and associated stem-like and EMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlen Balcioglu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Richard E Heinz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - David W Freeman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brooke L Gates
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Berhane M Hagos
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Evan Booker
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Hyrum T Diesen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kishan Bhakta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Supraja Ranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Masami Kachi
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mathias Leblanc
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter C Gray
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Present Address: Biotheranostics Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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da Silva LP, Severo MLB, da Silva LAB, Galvão HC, de Souza LB, da Costa Miguel MC. Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1 (Cripto-1) is overexpressed in epithelial odontogenic lesions displaying more aggressive behaviour. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 24:455-460. [PMID: 32623516 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cripto-1 also known as teratoma-derived growth factor 1 (TDGF-1) belongs to the EGF-CFC family of growth factor-like molecules. Cripto-1 is involved with embryonic development and not expressed in adult tissue, but some tumours are accompanied by reactivation. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cripto-1 in most common odontogenic cysts and tumours. Thirty ameloblastomas, 30 keratocysts, 30 dentigerous cysts and two ameloblastic carcinomas were evaluated using the polymeric immunoperoxidase technique. Immunohistochemical expressions were analysed by the IRS (immunoreactive score). Statistical analyses were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Age ranged from 9 to 75 years old, with a prevalence of females (n = 49/53.3%). The mandible was the most affected anatomical site (n = 69/75.0%). Cripto-1 immunoexpression was observed in all ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases, although nine dentigerous cyst cases (30%) were negative. Expression scores were higher in ameloblastoma, keratocyst and ameloblastic carcinoma cases (median ranging from 8 to 11) when compared with dentigerous cyst cases (median of 2), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cripto-1 is critically important in the progression of several tumours since it is related to significant cell survival and differentiation pathways. The high expression of Cripto-1 in more aggressive odontogenic lesions suggests that this molecule may be involved in the activation of important pathways related to the etiopathogenesis of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leorik Pereira da Silva
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Coari, AM, Brazil.
| | - Mara Luana Batista Severo
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luiz Arthur Barbosa da Silva
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina da Costa Miguel
- Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Av. Sen Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Beneficial effects of Cripto-1 for transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2998-3011. [PMID: 31136302 PMCID: PMC6555445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cripto-1 may act as an independent predictor for prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the function of Cripto-1 in HCC cells and its response to postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC patients remains unclearly. Up-regulated Cripto-1 expression boosted the ability of cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cells in vitro. While opposite results were observed in HCC cells with down-regulated Cripto-1 expression. Cripto-1 expression was correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) relevant biomarkers. Furthermore, in high Cripto-1 expression patients, those with adjuvant TACE had favorable TTR and OS times. On contrary, adjuvant TACE may promote tumor recurrence but had no influence on OS time in patients with low Cripto-1 expression. In different subgroups of vascular invasion, larger tumor size or liver cirrhosis, patients with adjuvant TACE had longer TTR and OS times than those without TACE in patients with high Cripto-1 expression, while they could not obtain benefits from adjuvant TACE in patients with low-expressed Cripto-1 expression. In conclusion, Cripto-1 may be a potential prognostic factor in predicting outcome of HCC patients with TACE therapy, and combined with Cripto-1 and tumor features may be helpful to stratify patients with respect to prognosis and response to adjuvant TACE.
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Rodrigues Sousa E, Zoni E, Karkampouna S, La Manna F, Gray PC, De Menna M, Kruithof-de Julio M. A Multidisciplinary Review of the Roles of Cripto in the Scientific Literature Through a Bibliometric Analysis of its Biological Roles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061480. [PMID: 32517087 PMCID: PMC7352664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cripto is a small glycosylphosphatidylinisitol (GPI)-anchored and secreted oncofetal protein that plays important roles in regulating normal physiological processes, including stem cell differentiation, embryonal development, and tissue growth and remodeling, as well as pathological processes such as tumor initiation and progression. Cripto functions as a co-receptor for TGF-β ligands such as Nodal, GDF1, and GDF3. Soluble and secreted forms of Cripto also exhibit growth factor-like activity and activate SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 kDa (GRP78) binds Cripto at the cell surface and has been shown to be required for Cripto signaling via both TGF-β and SRC/MAPK/PI3K/AKT pathways. To provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature related to Cripto, we performed, for the first time, a bibliometric analysis of the biological roles of Cripto as reported in the scientific literature covering the last 10 years. We present different fields of knowledge in comprehensive areas of research on Cripto, ranging from basic to translational research, using a keyword-driven approach. Our ultimate aim is to aid the scientific community in conducting targeted research by identifying areas where research has been conducted so far and, perhaps more importantly, where critical knowledge is still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rodrigues Sousa
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta De Menna
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for Biomedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (E.R.S.); (E.Z.); (S.K.); (F.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Peeney D, Jensen SM, Castro NP, Kumar S, Noonan S, Handler C, Kuznetsov A, Shih J, Tran AD, Salomon DS, Stetler-Stevenson WG. TIMP-2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:313-325. [PMID: 31621840 PMCID: PMC7221506 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of treatment failures and mortality in most cancers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is refractory to treatment and rapidly progresses to disseminated disease. We utilized an orthotopic mouse model that molecularly and phenotypically resembles human TNBC to study the effects of exogenous, daily tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) treatment on tumor growth and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that TIMP-2 treatment maximally suppressed primary tumor growth by ~36-50% and pulmonary metastasis by >92%. Immunostaining assays confirmed disruption of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotion of vascular integrity in primary tumor tissues. Immunostaining and RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue lysates from tumor-bearing mice identified significant changes associated with metastatic colony formation. Specifically, TIMP-2 treatment disrupts periostin localization and critical cell-signaling pathways, including canonical Wnt signaling involved in EMT, as well as PI3K signaling, which modulates proliferative and metastatic behavior through p27 phosphorylation/localization. In conclusion, our study provides evidence in support of a role for TIMP-2 in suppression of triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis through modulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, vascular normalization, and signaling pathways associated with metastatic outgrowth. Our findings suggest that TIMP-2, a constituent of the extracellular matrix in normal tissues, may have both direct and systemic antitumor and metastasis suppressor effects, suggesting potential utility in the clinical management of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra M Jensen
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Noonan
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chenchen Handler
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alex Kuznetsov
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Shih
- Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Confocal Core Facility, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sato J, Karasawa H, Suzuki T, Nakayama S, Katagiri M, Maeda S, Ohnuma S, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Unno M. The Function and Prognostic Significance of Cripto-1 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:214-227. [PMID: 32157913 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1741604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cripto-1 is a plasma membrane protein which is not expressed in adult tissue, but some tumors are accompanied by re-activation. We studied the clinical and biological significance of Cripto-1 in colorectal cancer. Cripto-1 was positive in 68 out of 192 cases (35%) by immunohistochemistry. Cripto-1 expression was correlated with worse prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. Cripto-1-silenced colorectal cancer cell lines had reduced cell proliferation, migration, and activation of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in vitro, and decreased tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in vivo. Cripto-1 could be a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Katagiri
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shimpei Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Xue YJ, Chen SN, Chen WG, Wu GQ, Liao YF, Xu JB, Tang H, Yang SH, He SY, Luo YF, Wu ZH, Huang HW. Cripto-1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma is associated with poor disease outcome. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:378. [PMID: 31455359 PMCID: PMC6712621 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cripto-1 (CR-1) has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. The potential role of CR-1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still not clear. Methods CR-1 expression was evaluated in ccRCC tissues by Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of CR-1 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The clinical significance of CR-1 was analyzed. The effects of CR-1 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis were investigated in ccRCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo, and markers of the epithelial -mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed. The impact of CR-1 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results CR-1 expression was elevated in ccRCC tumor tissues and serum samples. CR-1 expression was correlated with aggressive tumor phenotype and poor survival. Ectopic expression of CR-1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis whereas knockdown of CR-1 inhibited these activities both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that CR-1 induced EMT and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These results suggest that CR-1 is likely to play important roles in ccRCC development and progression, and that CR-1 is a prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Xue
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song-Ning Chen
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guang Chen
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-Qing Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Liao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hua Yang
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Yong He
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Luo
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wu
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Wen Huang
- Department of Urology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, No.236, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Sandomenico A, Ruvo M. Targeting Nodal and Cripto-1: Perspectives Inside Dual Potential Theranostic Cancer Biomarkers. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1994-2050. [PMID: 30207211 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180912104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of embryonic signaling pathways in tumorigenesis has led to the discovery of onco-fetal players which have physiological roles during normal development but result aberrantly re-activated in tumors. In this context, Nodal and Cripto-1 are recognized as onco-developmental factors, which are absent in normal tissues but are overexpressed in several solid tumors where they can serve as theranostic agents. OBJECTIVE To collect, review and discuss the most relevant papers related to the involvement of Nodal and Cripto-1 in the development, progression, recurrence and metastasis of several tumors where they are over-expressed, with a particular attention to their occurrence on the surface of the corresponding sub-populations of cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS We have gathered, rationalized and discussed the most interesting findings extracted from some 370 papers related to the involvement of Cripto-1 and Nodal in all tumor types where they have been detected. Data demonstrate the clear connection between Nodal and Cripto-1 presence and their multiple oncogenic activities across different tumors. We have also reviewed and highlighted the potential of targeting Nodal, Cripto-1 and the complexes that they form on the surface of tumor cells, especially of CSC, as an innovative approach to detect and suppress tumors with molecules that block one or more mechanisms that they regulate. CONCLUSION Overall, Nodal and Cripto-1 represent two innovative and effective biomarkers for developing potential theranostic anti-tumor agents that target normal as well as CSC subpopulations and overcome both pharmacological resistance and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Sandomenico
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
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26
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Gudbergsson JM, Duroux M. An evaluation of different Cripto-1 antibodies and their variable results. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:545-556. [PMID: 31310365 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cripto-1 is a protein expressed during embryonal development and has been linked to several malignant processes in cancer. Since the discovery of cripto-1 in the late 1980s, it has become a subject of biomarker investigation in several types of cancer which in many cases relies on immunolocalization of cripto-1 using antibodies. Investigating cripto-1 expression and localization in primary glioblastoma cells, we discovered nonspecific binding of cripto-1 antibody to the extracellular matrix Geltrex. A panel of four cripto-1 antibodies was investigated with respect to their binding to the Geltrex matrix and to the cripto-1 positive control cells NTERA2. The cripto-1 expression was varied for the different antibodies with respect to cellular localization and fixation methods. To further elaborate on these findings, we present a systematic review of cripto-1 antibodies found in the literature and highlight some possible cross reactants with data on sequence alignments and structural comparison of EGF domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Mar Gudbergsson
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meg Duroux
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Notch Signaling Activation as a Hallmark for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtype. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8707053. [PMID: 31379945 PMCID: PMC6657611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8707053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of 15%-20% of diagnosed breast cancer patients. It is generally considered to be the most difficult breast cancer subtype to deal with, due to the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which usually direct targeted therapies. In this scenario, the current treatments of TNBC-affected patients rely on tumor excision and conventional chemotherapy. As a result, the prognosis is overall poor. Thus, the identification and characterization of targets for novel therapies are urgently required. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged to act in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of TNBCs. Firstly, Notch receptors are associated with the regulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) behavior, as well as with the aetiology of TNBCs. Secondly, there is a strong evidence that Notch pathway is a relevant player in mammary cancer stem cells maintenance and expansion. Finally, Notch receptors expression and activation strongly correlate with the aggressive clinicopathological and biological phenotypes of breast cancer (e.g., invasiveness and chemoresistance), which are relevant characteristics of TNBC subtype. The purpose of this up-to-date review is to provide a detailed overview of the specific role of all four Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, and Notch4) in TNBCs, thus identifying the Notch signaling pathway deregulation/activation as a pathognomonic feature of this breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, this review will also discuss recent information associated with different therapeutic options related to the four Notch receptors, which may be useful to evaluate prognostic or predictive indicators as well as to develop new therapies aimed at improving the clinical outcome of TNBC patients.
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Focà G, Iaccarino E, Focà A, Sanguigno L, Untiveros G, Cuevas-Nunez M, Strizzi L, Leonardi A, Ruvo M, Sandomenico A. Development of conformational antibodies targeting Cripto-1 with neutralizing effects in vitro. Biochimie 2019; 158:246-256. [PMID: 30703478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Human Cripto-1 (Cripto-1), the founding member of the EGF-CFC superfamily, is a key regulator of many processes during embryonic development and oncogenesis. Cripto-1 is barely present or even absent in normal adult tissues while it is aberrantly re-expressed in various tumors. Blockade of the CFC domain-mediated Cripto-1 functions is acknowledged as a promising therapeutic intervention point to inhibit the tumorigenic activity of the protein. In this work, we report the generation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies raised against the synthetic folded CFC [112-150] domain of the human protein. Through subtractive ELISA assays clones were screened for the ability to specifically recognize "hot spot" residues on the CFC domain, which are crucial for the interaction with Activin Type I receptor (ALK4) and GRP78. On selected antibodies, SPR and epitope mapping studies have confirmed their specificity and have revealed that recognition occurs only on a conformational epitope. Furthermore, FACS analyses have confirmed the ability of 1B4 antibody to recognize the membrane-anchored and soluble native Cripto-1 protein in a panel of human cancer cells. Finally, we have evaluated its functional effects through in vitro cellular signaling assays and cell cycle analysis. These findings suggest that the selected anti-CFC mAbs have the potential to neutralize the protein oncogenic activity and may be used as theranostic molecules suitable as tumor homing agents for Cripto-1-overexpressing cancer cells and tissues and to overcome drug-resistance in routine cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Focà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Annalia Focà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Sanguigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gustavo Untiveros
- Midwestern University, Colleges of Graduate Studies, Dwners Grove, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Cuevas-Nunez
- Midwestern University, Colleges of Graduate Studies, Dwners Grove, Chicago, IL, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Dwners Grove, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luigi Strizzi
- Midwestern University, Colleges of Graduate Studies, Dwners Grove, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
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Castro NP, Rangel MC, Merchant AS, MacKinnon G, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS, Kim YS. Sulforaphane Suppresses the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells In vitro and In vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:147-158. [PMID: 30679159 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the poorest prognosis among all of breast cancer subtypes with no currently available effective therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that sulforaphane, a dietary component abundant in broccoli and its sprouts, can inhibit malignant cell proliferation and tumor sphere formation of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in TNBC. CSC population was isolated using FACS analysis with the combined stem cell surface markers, CD44+/CD24-/CD49f+ The effect of sulforaphane on a stem-related embryonic oncogene CRIPTO-1/TDGF1 (CR1) was evaluated via ELISA. In vivo, BalbC/nude mice were supplemented with sulforaphane before and after TNBC cell inoculation (daily intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg sulforaphane/kg for 5 and 3 weeks, respectively), and the effects of sulforaphane during mammary tumor initiation and growth were accessed with NanoString gene analysis. We found that sulforaphane can inhibit cell proliferation and mammosphere formation of CSCs in TNBC. Further analysis of gene expression in these TNBC tumor cells revealed that sulforaphane significantly decreases the expression of cancer-specific CR1, CRIPTO-3/TDGF1P3 (CR3, a homologue of CR1), and various stem cell markers including Nanog, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), Wnt3, and Notch4. Our results suggest that sulforaphane may control the malignant proliferation of CSCs in TNBC via Cripto-mediated pathway by either suppressing its expression and/or by inhibiting Cripto/Alk4 protein complex formation. Thus, the use of sulforaphane for chemoprevention of TNBC is plausible and warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Maria C Rangel
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anand S Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Core, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gabriel MacKinnon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Frank Cuttitta
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Young S Kim
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
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Mintz RL, Gao MA, Lo K, Lao YH, Li M, Leong KW. CRISPR Technology for Breast Cancer: Diagnostics, Modeling, and Therapy. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1800132. [PMID: 32832592 PMCID: PMC7437870 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly, breast cancer represents a highly heterogenous family of neoplastic disorders, with substantial interpatient variations regarding genetic mutations, cell composition, transcriptional profiles, and treatment response. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for alternative diagnostic approaches aimed at the molecular annotation of the disease on a patient-by-patient basis and the design of more personalized treatments. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) technology enables the development of such novel approaches. For instance, in diagnostics, the use of the RNA-specific C2c2 system allows ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection and could be used to characterize the mutational repertoire and transcriptional breast cancer signatures. In disease modeling, CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be applied to selectively engineer oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes involved in disease pathogenesis. In treatment, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to develop gene-therapy, while its catalytically-dead variant (dCas9) can be applied to reprogram the epigenetic landscape of malignant cells. As immunotherapy becomes increasingly prominent in cancer treatment, CRISPR/Cas9 can engineer the immune cells to redirect them against cancer cells and potentiate antitumor immune responses. In this review, CRISPR strategies for the advancement of breast cancer diagnostics, modeling, and treatment are highlighted, culminating in a perspective on developing a precision medicine-based approach against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Mintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Madeleine A. Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kahmun Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Witt K, Ligtenberg MA, Conti L, Lanzardo S, Ruiu R, Wallmann T, Tufvesson-Stiller H, Chambers BJ, Rolny C, Lladser A, Lundqvist A, Cavallo F, Kiessling R. Cripto-1 Plasmid DNA Vaccination Targets Metastasis and Cancer Stem Cells in Murine Mammary Carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1417-1425. [PMID: 30143536 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a fatal disease that responds poorly to treatment. Cancer vaccines targeting antigens expressed by metastatic breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells could function as anticancer therapies. Cripto-1 is an oncofetal protein overexpressed in invasive breast cancer and cancer-initiating cells. In this study, we explored the potential of a Cripto-1-encoding DNA vaccine to target breast cancer in preclinical mouse models. BALB/c mice and BALB-neuT mice were treated with a DNA vaccine encoding mouse Cripto-1 (mCr-1). BALB/c mice were challenged with murine breast cancer 4T1 cells or TUBO spheres; BALB-neuT mice spontaneously developed breast cancer. Tumor growth was followed in all mouse models and lung metastases were evaluated. In vitro assays were performed to identify the immune response elicited by vaccination. Vaccination against mCr-1 reduced primary tumor growth in the 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model and reduced lung metastatic burden. In BALB-neuT mice, because the primary tumors are Cripto-1 negative, vaccination against mCr-1 did not affect primary tumors but did reduce lung metastatic burden. Spheroid-cultured TUBO cells, derived from a BALB/neuT primary tumor, develop a cancer stem cell-like phenotype and express mCr-1. We observed reduced tumor growth in vaccinated mice after challenge with TUBO spheres. Our data indicate that vaccination against Cripto-1 results in a protective immune response against mCr-1 expressing and metastasizing cells. Targeting Cripto-1 by vaccination holds promise as an immunotherapy for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1417-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Witt
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten A Ligtenberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ruiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tatjana Wallmann
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Tufvesson-Stiller
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy; Fundación Ciencia and Vida; Santiago, Chile
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Chi X, Fan Y, Shi Y, Niu J. High level of serum Cripto-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, especially with hepatitis B virus infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11781. [PMID: 30170372 PMCID: PMC6392992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Cripto-1 (CR-1), a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-1/FRL-1/Cryptic protein family (EGF-CFC), is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. We aimed to detect serum CR-1 level in liver diseases especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS Serum CR-1 level was Sandwich-type enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) detected in 330 patients with liver diseases including HCC, cirrhosis, and chronic hepatitis and 50 volunteers without hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as control. RESULTS The serum CR-1 level was significantly higher in HCC patients than volunteer controls and it was also significantly higher in HBV-related HCC than HCV-related HCC. In addition, serum CR-1 level was correlated with serum alpha-feto-protein (AFP) in HBV-related HCC patients. The serum CR-1 was also higher in cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis than volunteer controls. The serum CR-1 in HBV-related cirrhosis was higher than chronic hepatitis B, but there was no significant difference between HCV-related cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSIONS Serum CR-1 was higher in HCC patients and might serve as a complementary biomarker to clinical diagnosis of HBV-related HCC. The high level of serum CR-1 in HBV-related liver disease might be partly attributed to HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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O'Conor CJ, Chen T, González I, Cao D, Peng Y. Cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer: a potential target and prognostic marker. Biomark Med 2018; 12:813-820. [PMID: 29902924 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcome, and lacks targeted therapy. Recent studies suggest that cancer stem cells play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor biology of TNBC. Both CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1+ breast cancer stem cells are enriched in TNBC and may contribute to the propensity of TNBC for chemotherapy resistance and tumor metastasis. There is new evidence to support the evaluation of cancer stem cells in TNBC for diagnostic purposes. Targeting cancer stem cells may also be a promising, novel strategy for the treatment of TNBC. This review highlights the current understanding of breast cancer stem cells in TNBC, with focus on CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1+ breast cancer stem cells. It is our hope that this work provides insight into the potential role of cancer stem cells in the prognostication and therapeutic targeting of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Iván González
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Karkampouna S, van der Helm D, Gray PC, Chen L, Klima I, Grosjean J, Burgmans MC, Farina-Sarasqueta A, Snaar-Jagalska EB, Stroka DM, Terracciano L, van Hoek B, Schaapherder AF, Osanto S, Thalmann GN, Verspaget HW, Coenraad MJ, Kruithof-de Julio M. CRIPTO promotes an aggressive tumour phenotype and resistance to treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pathol 2018; 245:297-310. [PMID: 29604056 DOI: 10.1002/path.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite increasing treatment options for this disease, prognosis remains poor. CRIPTO (TDGF1) protein is expressed at high levels in several human tumours and promotes oncogenic phenotype. Its expression has been correlated to poor prognosis in HCC. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the basis for the effects of CRIPTO in HCC. We investigated CRIPTO expression levels in three cohorts of clinical cirrhotic and HCC specimens. We addressed the role of CRIPTO in hepatic tumourigenesis using Cre-loxP-controlled lentiviral vectors expressing CRIPTO in cell line-derived xenografts. Responses to standard treatments (sorafenib, doxorubicin) were assessed directly on xenograft-derived ex vivo tumour slices. CRIPTO-overexpressing patient-derived xenografts were established and used for ex vivo drug response assays. The effects of sorafenib and doxorubicin treatment in combination with a CRIPTO pathway inhibitor were tested in ex vivo cultures of xenograft models and 3D cultures. CRIPTO protein was found highly expressed in human cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma specimens but not in those of healthy participants. Stable overexpression of CRIPTO in human HepG2 cells caused epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased expression of cancer stem cell markers, and enhanced cell proliferation and migration. HepG2-CRIPTO cells formed tumours when injected into immune-compromised mice, whereas HepG2 cells lacking stable CRIPTO overexpression did not. High-level CRIPTO expression in xenograft models was associated with resistance to sorafenib, which could be modulated using a CRIPTO pathway inhibitor in ex vivo tumour slices. Our data suggest that a subgroup of CRIPTO-expressing HCC patients may benefit from a combinatorial treatment scheme and that sorafenib resistance may be circumvented by inhibition of the CRIPTO pathway. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karkampouna
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danny van der Helm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Gray
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irena Klima
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joël Grosjean
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark C Burgmans
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa B Snaar-Jagalska
- Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah M Stroka
- Department of Biomedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bart van Hoek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susan Osanto
- Department of Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George N Thalmann
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Hein W Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minneke J Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department of Biomedical Research, Urology Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
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Silva LP, da Silva LAB, Sedassari BT, de Sousa SCOM, dos Santos Pereira J, de Souza LB, da Costa Miguel MC. Cripto-1 is overexpressed in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1595-1600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-4960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Advances in Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated system (CRISPR/Cas9) has dramatically reshaped our ability to edit genomes. The scientific community is using CRISPR/Cas9 for various biotechnological and medical purposes. One of its most important uses is developing potential therapeutic strategies against diseases. CRISPR/Cas9 based approaches have been increasingly applied to the treatment of human diseases like cancer, genetic, immunological and neurological disorders and viral diseases. These strategies using CRISPR/Cas9 are not only therapy oriented but can also be used for disease modeling as well, which in turn can lead to the improved understanding of mechanisms of various infectious and genetic diseases. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 system can also be used as programmable antibiotics to kill the bacteria sequence specifically and therefore can bypass multidrug resistance. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 based gene drive may also hold the potential to limit the spread of vector borne diseases. This bacterial and archaeal adaptive immune system might be a therapeutic answer to previous incurable diseases, of course rigorous testing is required to corroborate these claims. In this review, we provide an insight about the recent developments using CRISPR/Cas9 against various diseases with respect to disease modeling and treatment, and what future perspectives should be noted while using this technology.
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Liao Y, Chen L, Feng Y, Shen J, Gao Y, Cote G, Choy E, Harmon D, Mankin H, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 by CRISPR/Cas9 in osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30276-30287. [PMID: 28415820 PMCID: PMC5444742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed on tumor cells that suppresses the T cell-mediated immune response. Therapies targeting the PD-L1 pathway promote anti-tumor immunity and have shown promising results in some types of cancers. However, the functional and therapeutic roles of PD-L1 in osteosarcoma remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that PD-L1 protein was expressed in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissue microarray of patient tumors. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the overall and five-year survival rates of patients with high levels of PD-L1 expression were significantly shorter than patients with low levels. High levels of PD-L1 expression were also associated with metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, we applied the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system to target PD-L1 gene at the DNA level in osteosarcoma cell lines. We found that the expression of PD-L1 could be efficiently disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 system and PD-L1 knockdown increased drug sensitivities for doxorubicin and paclitaxel. These results suggest that PD-L1 is an independent prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and that PD-L1 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 may be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Cote
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Harmon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, Massachusetts, USA
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Liu L, Wang Y, Miao L, Liu Q, Musetti S, Li J, Huang L. Combination Immunotherapy of MUC1 mRNA Nano-vaccine and CTLA-4 Blockade Effectively Inhibits Growth of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 26:45-55. [PMID: 29258739 PMCID: PMC5763160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which constitutes 10%-20% of all breast cancers, is associated with aggressive progression, a high rate of metastasis, and poor prognosis. The treatment of patients with TNBC remains a great clinical challenge. Preclinical reports support the combination immunotherapy of cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockades in non-immunogenic tumors. In this study, we constructed nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver an mRNA vaccine encoding tumor antigen MUC1 to dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes to activate and expand tumor-specific T cells. An anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) monoclonal antibody was combined with the mRNA vaccine to enhance the anti-tumor benefits. In vivo studies demonstrated that the NP-based mRNA vaccine, targeted to mannose receptors on DCs, could successfully express tumor antigen in the DCs of the lymph node; that the NP vaccine could induce a strong, antigen-specific, in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against TNBC 4T1 cells; and that combination immunotherapy of the vaccine and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody could significantly enhance anti-tumor immune response compared to the vaccine or monoclonal antibody alone. These data support both the NP as a carrier for delivery of mRNA vaccine and a potential combination immunotherapy of the NP-based mRNA vaccine and the CTLA-4 inhibitor for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Key Laboratory of Biological and Medical Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology and Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Immune Cells and Antibody, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sara Musetti
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC and NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Castro NP, Golubeva YG. Adaptation of Laser Microdissection Technique to Nanostring RNA Analysis in the Study of a Spontaneous Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma Mouse Model. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1723:119-137. [PMID: 29344857 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mouse model characterized by spontaneous lung metastasis from JygMC (A) cells closely resembles the human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. The primary tumors morphologically present both epithelial and spindle-like cells, but metastases in lung parenchyma display only adenocarcinoma properties. In the study of molecular signatures, laser capture microdissection (LCM) on frozen tissue sections was used to separate the following regions of interest: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), carcinoma, lung metastases, normal mammary gland and normal lung parenchyma. NanoString was selected for the study of molecular signatures in LCM targets as a reliable downstream gene expression platform allowing analysis of tissue lysates without RNA extraction and amplification. This chapter provides detailed protocols for the collection of tissue, LCM sample preparation and dissection, production of lysates, extraction, and quality control of RNA for NanoString analysis, as well as the methodology of Nanostring gene expression profiling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yelena G Golubeva
- Cancer Genomic Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, FNLCR, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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Laser Microdissection Workflow for Isolating Nucleic Acids from Fixed and Frozen Tissue Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1723:33-93. [PMID: 29344854 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser Capture Microdissection has earned a permanent place among modern techniques connecting histology and molecular biology. Laser Capture Microdissection has become an invaluable tool in medical research as a means for collection of specific cell populations isolated from their environment. Such genomic sample enrichment dramatically increases the sensitivity and precision of downstream molecular assays used for biomarker discovery, monitoring disease onset and progression, and in the development of personalized medicine. The diversity of research targets (cancerous and precancerous lesions in clinical and animal research, cell pellets, rodent embryos, frozen tissues, archival repository slides, etc.) and scientific objectives present a challenge in establishing standard protocols for Laser Capture Microdissection. In the present chapter, we share our experiences in design and successful execution of numerous diverse microdissection projects, and provide considerations to be taken into account in planning a microdissection study. Our workflow and protocols are standardized for a wide range of animal and human tissues and adapted to downstream analysis platforms.
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41
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Park SW, Do HJ, Han MH, Choi W, Kim JH. The expression of the embryonic gene Cripto-1 is regulated by OCT4 in human embryonal carcinoma NCCIT cells. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:24-35. [PMID: 29223130 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cripto-1 and OCT4, expressed in stem cells and cancers, play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that Cripto-1 expression is regulated by OCT4 in human embryonic carcinoma NCCIT cells. The endogenous expression of Cripto-1 and OCT4 is significantly reduced during differentiation. Cripto-1 expression is increased by OCT4 overexpression, but decreased by shRNA-mediated OCT4 knockdown. OCT4 overexpression significantly activates Cripto-1 transcriptional activity. A 5'-upstream minimal promoter sequence in the gene-encoding Cripto-1 is significantly activated by OCT4 overexpression. Mutation of the putative OCT4-binding site abolishes OCT4-mediated activation of the Cripto-1 promoter. The OCT4 transactivation domains mediate transcriptional activity of the Cripto-1 minimal promoter through direct interaction. Taken together, OCT4 plays an important role as a transcriptional activator of Cripto-1 expression in NCCIT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Won Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Do
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
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Identification of differentially expressed genes regulated by molecular signature in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by bioinformatics analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:161-183. [PMID: 29063236 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is a severe risk to public health and has adequately convoluted pathogenesis. Therefore, the description of key molecular markers and pathways is of much importance for clarifying the molecular mechanism of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression. Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts gene expression dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. METHODS A total of nine samples, including three normal fibroblasts, three granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and three cancer-associated fibroblasts samples, were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal fibroblasts, granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts samples. The gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by NetworkAnalyst software. RESULTS Totally, 190 DEGs were identified, including 66 up-regulated and 124 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), including cell-cell signalling and negative regulation of cell proliferation; molecular function (MF), including insulin-like growth factor II binding and insulin-like growth factor I binding; cellular component (CC), including insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex and integral component of plasma membrane; the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in BP, including cell adhesion and extracellular matrix organization; MF, including N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity and calcium ion binding; CC, including extracellular space and extracellular matrix. WIKIPATHWAYS analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways. WIKIPATHWAYS, REACTOME, PID_NCI and KEGG pathway analysis showed the down-regulated DEGs were enriched endochondral ossification, TGF beta signalling pathway, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interactions, malaria and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulphate. The top 5 up-regulated hub genes, CDKN2A, MME, PBX1, IGFBP3, and TFAP2C and top 5 down-regulated hub genes VCAM1, KRT18, TGM2, ACTA2, and STAMBP were identified from the PPI network, and subnetworks revealed these genes were involved in significant pathways, including myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interaction. Besides, the target hsa-mirs for DEGs were identified. hsa-mir-759, hsa-mir-4446-5p, hsa-mir-219a-1-3p and hsa-mir-26a-5p were important miRNAs in this study. CONCLUSIONS We pinpoint important key genes and pathways closely related with breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression by a series of bioinformatics analysis on DEGs. These screened genes and pathways provided for a more detailed molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer-associated fibroblasts occurrence and progression, holding promise for acting as molecular markers and probable therapeutic targets.
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Liu Q, Cui X, Yu X, Bian BSJ, Qian F, Hu XG, Ji CD, Yang L, Ren Y, Cui W, Zhang X, Zhang P, Wang JM, Cui YH, Bian XW. Cripto-1 acts as a functional marker of cancer stem-like cells and predicts prognosis of the patients in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:81. [PMID: 28431580 PMCID: PMC5399850 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly malignant with highly invasive and metastatic capabilities and poor prognosis. It is believed that the ESCC cancer stem-like cells (ECSLCs) are critical for tumorigenicity, invasion and metastasis of ESCC. However, the properties of ECSLCs vary with different markers used in isolation, so that new and more effective markers of ECSLCs need to be identified. This study aimed to estimate the potentiality of Cripto-1 (CR-1) as an ECSLC surface marker and investigate the clinical significance of CR-1 expression in ESCC. Methods ESCC cells with CR-1 high or CR-1low were obtained by flow cytometry then their self-renewal capability and tumorigenicity were compared by colony and limiting dilution sphere formation analysis in vitro and xenograft in nude mice in vivo, respectively. Knockdown of CR-1 expression in ESCC cells was conducted with short hairpin RNA. Cell migration and invasion were examined by scratch test and matrigel transwell assay, respectively. Metastatic capability of ESCC cells was assayed by a mouse tail vein metastasis model. The levels of CR-1 expression in cancerous and paired adjacent normal tissues were assessed by IHC and qRT-RCR. Results CR-1high subpopulation of ESCC cells isolated by FACS expressed high level of genes related to stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and possessed high capacities of self-renewal, tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Suppression of CR-1 expression significantly reduced the expression of stemness- and EMT-related genes and the capabilities of self-renewal in vitro, tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo in ESCC cells. In the clinical ESCC specimens, the expression levels of CR-1 in cancerous tissues were positively correlated to TNM stage, invasive depth, and lymph node metastasis. Cox regression analysis indicated that CR-1 was an independent indicator of prognosis. The expression of CR-1 was found overlapping with aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), an intracellular marker for ESCLCs, in ESCC cell lines and specimens. Conclusions CR-1 is a functional and cell surface ECSLC marker, and an independent prognostic indicator as well as a potential therapeutic target for ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0650-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bai-Shi-Jiao Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Gang Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Ji
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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CRIPTO and its signaling partner GRP78 drive the metastatic phenotype in human osteotropic prostate cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4739-4749. [PMID: 28394345 PMCID: PMC5562855 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRIPTO (CR-1, TDGF1) is a cell surface/secreted oncoprotein actively involved in development and cancer. Here, we report that high expression of CRIPTO correlates with poor survival in stratified risk groups of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. CRIPTO and its signaling partner glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) are highly expressed in PCa metastases and display higher levels in the metastatic ALDHhigh sub-population of PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 PCa cells compared with non-metastatic ALDHlow. Coculture of the osteotropic PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 PCa cells with differentiated primary human osteoblasts induced CRIPTO and GRP78 expression in cancer cells and increases the size of the ALDHhigh sub-population. Additionally, CRIPTO or GRP78 knockdown decreases proliferation, migration, clonogenicity and the size of the metastasis-initiating ALDHhigh sub-population. CRIPTO knockdown reduces the invasion of PC-3M-Pro4Luc2 cells in zebrafish and inhibits bone metastasis in a preclinical mouse model. These results highlight a functional role for CRIPTO and GRP78 in PCa metastasis and suggest that targeting CRIPTO/GRP78 signaling may have significant therapeutic potential.
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Chira S, Gulei D, Hajitou A, Zimta AA, Cordelier P, Berindan-Neagoe I. CRISPR/Cas9: Transcending the Reality of Genome Editing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624197 PMCID: PMC5415201 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the expansion of the microbiology field of research, a new genome editing tool arises from the biology of bacteria that holds the promise of achieving precise modifications in the genome with a simplicity and versatility that surpasses previous genome editing methods. This new technique, commonly named CRISPR/Cas9, led to a rapid expansion of the biomedical field; more specifically, cancer characterization and modeling have benefitted greatly from the genome editing capabilities of CRISPR/Cas9. In this paper, we briefly summarize recent improvements in CRISPR/Cas9 design meant to overcome the limitations that have arisen from the nuclease activity of Cas9 and the influence of this technology in cancer research. In addition, we present challenges that might impede the clinical applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy and highlight future directions for designing CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems that might prove useful for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400377, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400377, Romania
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Cancer Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400377, Romania
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénéées, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, 31100 Toulouse, France.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400377, Romania; MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400377, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta," Cluj-Napoca, Cluj 400015, Romania
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Lei L, Chen C, Zhao J, Wang H, Guo M, Zhou Y, Luo J, Zhang J, Xu L. Targeted Expression of miR-7 Operated by TTF-1 Promoter Inhibited the Growth of Human Lung Cancer through the NDUFA4 Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:183-197. [PMID: 28325285 PMCID: PMC5363496 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted expression of gene technique is an important therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. MicroRNA-7 has been well documented as a promising tumor suppressor but never been test in specific gene-promoter-targeted expression in cancer gene therapy. Here, we first evaluated the efficacy of miR-7 expression operated by the promoter of TTF-1, a lineage-specific oncogene in lung cancer, in vitro using an eukaryotic vector of TTF-1-promoter-operated expression of miR-7 (termed as p-T-miR-7). Interestingly, using a nude mice model, the growth and metastasis of human lung cancer cells in vivo were significantly reduced in remote hypodermic injection of the p-T-miR-7 group, accompanied by increased expression of miR-7 and reduced transduction of the Akt and Erk pathway in situ. Mechanism aspect, global gene expression analysis showed that downregulation of NDUFA4, a novel target of miR-7, contributed to the effects of miR-7 expression operated by TTF-1 promoter on the growth and metastasis of human lung cancer cells, as well as altered transduction of the Akt and Erk pathway. Finally, there was no significant difference in weight or histopathology of other organs. These data provided a basis for development of novel modality of miRNA-based targeted expression therapy against clinical lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Lei
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - HaiRong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Ma Y, Song J, Chen B, Xu X, Lin G. SLC7A5 act as a potential leukemic transformation target gene in myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6566-75. [PMID: 26657287 PMCID: PMC4872733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogenous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by increased risk of leukemic transformation. This study identifies microRNAs(miRNA) and miRNA targets that might represent leukemic transformation markers for MDS. Methods Based on our previously established nested case-control study cohort of MDS patients, we chose paired patients to undergo Angilent 8 × 15K human miRNA microarrays. Target prediction analysis was administrated using targetscan 5.1 software. We further investigated the function of target gene in MDS cell line using siRNA method, including cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and electron microscope. Results Finally we screened a subset of 7 miRNAs to be significantly differentially expressed between the case (at the end of follow up with leukemic transformation) and control group (at the end of follow up without leukemic transformation). Target prediction analysis revealed SLC7A5 was the common target gene of these 7 miRNAs. Further study on the function of SLC7A5 gene in SKM-1 cell line showed that downregulation of SLC7A5 inhibited SKM-1 cells proliferation, increased apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 stage. Conclusion Our data indicate that SLC7A5 gene may act as a potential leukemic transformation target gene in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guowei Lin
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Wang JH, Wei W, Xu J, Guo ZX, Xiao CZ, Zhang YF, Jian PE, Wu XL, Shi M, Guo RP. Elevated expression of Cripto-1 correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35116-28. [PMID: 26375669 PMCID: PMC4741514 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cripto-1 could promote tumorigenesis in a wide range of carcinomas, yet little is known in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of Cripto-1 and MMP-9 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 205 HCC specimens. The correlation between Cripto-1 and MMP-9, clinicopathological/prognostic value in HCC was examined. Cripto-1 overexpression was correlated with larger tumor, TNM stage, BCLC stage and tumor recurrence. In multivariate analyses, Cripto-1 was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). Cripto-1 expression was increased in TNM and BCLC stage-dependent manner. Cripto-1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in patients subgroups stratified by tumor size, tumor differentiation, TNM and BCLC stage. In addition, Cripto-1 was positively correlated with MMP-9 among 205 HCC samples. Patients with Cripto-1 upregulation had poor OS and shorter TTR in low and high aggressiveness groups. Furthermore, Cripto-1 had predictive validity for early and late recurrence in HCC patients. Combination of Cripto-1 and serum AFP was correlated with OS and TTR. In conclusion, Cripto-1 overexpression contributes to aggressiveness and poor prognosis of HCC. Cripto-1/AFP expression could be a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Guo
- Department of Ultrasonics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Zuo Xiao
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fa Zhang
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-En Jian
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Ping Guo
- Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Castro NP, Merchant AS, Saylor KL, Anver MR, Salomon DS, Golubeva YG. Adaptation of Laser Microdissection Technique for the Study of a Spontaneous Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma Mouse Model by NanoString Technologies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153270. [PMID: 27077656 PMCID: PMC4831786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) of tissue is an established tool in medical research for collection of distinguished cell populations under direct microscopic visualization for molecular analysis. LCM samples have been successfully analyzed in a number of genomic and proteomic downstream molecular applications. However, LCM sample collection and preparation procedure has to be adapted to each downstream analysis platform. In this present manuscript we describe in detail the adaptation of LCM methodology for the collection and preparation of fresh frozen samples for NanoString analysis based on a study of a model of mouse mammary gland carcinoma and its lung metastasis. Our adaptation of LCM sample preparation and workflow to the requirements of the NanoString platform allowed acquiring samples with high RNA quality. The NanoString analysis of such samples provided sensitive detection of genes of interest and their associated molecular pathways. NanoString is a reliable gene expression analysis platform that can be effectively coupled with LCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia P. Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Anand S. Merchant
- CCRIFX Bioinformatics Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Saylor
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Miriam R. Anver
- Pathology-Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - David S. Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Yelena G. Golubeva
- Pathology-Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
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50
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Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS. Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 156:211-26. [PMID: 26968398 PMCID: PMC4819564 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been considered as temporal and spatial aberrations of normal development in tissues. Similarities between mammary embryonic development and cell transformation suggest that the underlying processes required for mammary gland development are also those perturbed during various stages of mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer (BC) development. The master regulators of embryonic development Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin play key roles in modulating mammary gland morphogenesis and cell fate specification in the embryo through fetal mammary stem cells (fMaSC) and in the adult organism particularly within the adult mammary stem cells (aMaSC), which determine mammary progenitor cell lineages that generate the basal/myoepithelial and luminal compartments of the adult mammary gland. Together with recognized transcription factors and embryonic stem cell markers, these embryonic regulatory molecules can be inappropriately augmented during tumorigenesis to support the tumor-initiating cell (TIC)/cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment, and the effects of their deregulation may contribute for the etiology of BC, in particular the most aggressive subtype of BC, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This in depth review will present evidence of the involvement of Cripto-1, Notch/CSL, and Wnt/β-catenin in the normal mammary gland morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, from fMaSC/aMaSC regulation to TIC generation and maintenance in TNBC. Specific therapies for treating TNBC by targeting these embryonic pathways in TICs will be further discussed, providing new opportunities to destroy not only the bulk tumor, but also TICs that initiate and promote the metastatic spread and recurrence of this aggressive subtype of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rangel
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Bertolette
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadia P Castro
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Malgorzata Klauzinska
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Frank Cuttitta
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - David S Salomon
- Tumor Growth Factor Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-40B, 1050 Boyles Street, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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