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Dritsoula A, Camilli C, Moss SE, Greenwood J. The disruptive role of LRG1 on the vasculature and perivascular microenvironment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1386177. [PMID: 38745756 PMCID: PMC11091338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1386177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of new blood vessels, and their subsequent stabilization, is a critical process that facilitates tissue growth and organ development. Once established, vessels need to diversify to meet the specific needs of the local tissue and to maintain homeostasis. These processes are tightly regulated and fundamental to normal vessel and tissue function. The mechanisms that orchestrate angiogenesis and vessel maturation have been widely studied, with signaling crosstalk between endothelium and perivascular cells being identified as an essential component. In disease, however, new vessels develop abnormally, and existing vessels lose their specialization and function, which invariably contributes to disease progression. Despite considerable research into the vasculopathic mechanisms in disease, our knowledge remains incomplete. Accordingly, the identification of angiocrine and angiopathic molecules secreted by cells within the vascular microenvironment, and their effect on vessel behaviour, remains a major research objective. Over the last decade the secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), has emerged as a significant vasculopathic molecule, stimulating defective angiogenesis, and destabilizing the existing vasculature mainly, but not uniquely, by altering both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling in a highly cell and context dependent manner. Whilst LRG1 does not possess any overt homeostatic role in vessel development and maintenance, growing evidence provides a compelling case for LRG1 playing a pleiotropic role in disrupting the vasculature in many disease settings. Thus, LRG1 has now been reported to damage vessels in various disorders including cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, ocular disease, and lung disease and the signaling processes that drive this dysfunction are being defined. Moreover, therapeutic targeting of LRG1 has been widely proposed to re-establish a quiescent endothelium and normalized vasculature. In this review, we consider the current status of our understanding of the role of LRG1 in vascular pathology, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dritsoula
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Moritsubo M, Furuta T, Miyoshi J, Komaki S, Sakata K, Miyoshi H, Morioka M, Ohshima K, Sugita Y. Increased expression of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 as a predictive biomarker of favorable progression-free survival in meningioma. Neuropathology 2024; 44:96-103. [PMID: 37749948 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Most meningiomas, which are frequent central nervous system tumors, are classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 because of their slow-growing nature. However, the recurrence rate varies and is difficult to predict using conventional histopathological diagnoses. Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is involved in cell signal transduction, cell adhesion, and DNA repair and is a predictive biomarker in different malignant tumors; however, such a relationship has not been reported in meningiomas. We examined tissue microarrays of histological samples from 117 patients with grade 1 and 2 meningiomas and assessed their clinical and pathological features, including expression of LRG1 protein. LRG1-high meningiomas showed an increased number of vessels with CD3-positive cell infiltration (P = 0.0328) as well as higher CD105-positive vessels (P = 0.0084), as compared to LRG1-low cases. They also demonstrated better progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.016-0.841) compared to LRG1-low patients (P = 0.033). Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that high LRG1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.018-0.991; P = 0.049). LRG1 immunohistochemistry may be a convenient tool for estimating the prognosis of meningiomas in routine practice. Further studies are required to elucidate the key role of LRG1 in meningioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Moritsubo
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Junko Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoru Komaki
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
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Fahrmann JF, Wasylishen AR, Pieterman CRC, Irajizad E, Vykoukal J, Wu R, Dennison JB, Peterson CB, Zhao H, Do KA, Halperin DM, Agarwal SK, Blau JE, Jha S, Rivero JD, Nilubol N, Walter MF, Welch JM, Weinstein LS, Vriens MR, van Leeuwaarde RS, van Treijen MJC, Valk GD, Perrier ND, Hanash SM, Katayama H. Blood-based Proteomic Signatures Associated With MEN1-related Duodenopancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3260-3271. [PMID: 37307230 PMCID: PMC11032251 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) are predisposed to develop duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (dpNETs), and metastatic dpNET is the primary cause of disease-related mortality. Presently, there is a paucity of prognostic factors that can reliably identify patients with MEN1-related dpNETS who are at high risk of distant metastasis. In the current study, we aimed to establish novel circulating molecular protein signatures associated with disease progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was conducted on plasmas procured through an international collaboration between MD Anderson Cancer Center, the National Institutes of Health, and the University Medical Center Utrecht from a cohort of 56 patients with MEN1 [14 with distant metastasis dpNETs (cases) and 42 with either indolent dpNETs or no dpNETs (controls)]. Findings were compared to proteomic profiles generated from serially collected plasmas from a mouse model of Men1-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg) and control mice (Men1fl/fl). RESULTS A total of 187 proteins were found to be elevated in MEN1 patients with distant metastasis compared to controls, including 9 proteins previously associated with pancreatic cancer and other neuronal proteins. Analyses of mouse plasmas revealed 196 proteins enriched for transcriptional targets of oncogenic MYCN, YAP1, POU5F1, and SMAD that were associated with disease progression in Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg mice. Cross-species intersection revealed 19 proteins positively associated with disease progression in both human patients and in Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg mice. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated analyses identified novel circulating protein markers associated with disease progression in MEN1-related dpNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Carolina R C Pieterman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Section of Surgical Endocrinology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Irajizad
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jody Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ranran Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel M Halperin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenny E Blau
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Smita Jha
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary F Walter
- Core for Clinical Laboratory Services, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James M Welch
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menno R Vriens
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, the Netherlands
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrect 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel S van Leeuwaarde
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrect 1066 CX, the Netherlands
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mark J C van Treijen
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrect 1066 CX, the Netherlands
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gerlof D Valk
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, ENETS Center of Excellence, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrect 1066 CX, the Netherlands
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nancy D Perrier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Section of Surgical Endocrinology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kaçmaz M, Oğuzman H. The Leucine-Rich α2-Glycoprotein-1 Levels in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Oncol Res Treat 2023; 46:415-423. [PMID: 37527638 DOI: 10.1159/000532042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenesis is considered important in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), as well as in the targeted treatment of the disease. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a protein that participates in angiogenesis and its effect on solid organ tumors has been investigated recently. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MM and LRG1. METHODS The MM patients who admitted to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hematology Clinic between September 2021 and October 2022 were included in the study. The study consists of a total of 4 groups: newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), relapsed refractory MM (RRMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), and control group. Demographic data were retrieved from hospital records. Blood samples of our study groups were centrifuged at 1,500 × g for 10 min and serum was collected. LRG1, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, FGF-2, and VEGF levels were analyzed in all groups by ELISA method, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 112 individuals, including NDMM (n: 27), RRMM (n: 18), Rem-MM (n: 42), and control group (n: 25), were enrolled in the study. Based on the analyses, the NDMM group exhibited significantly elevated levels of LRG1 (p < 0.001), TGF-1 (p < 0.001), and HIF-1α (p = 0.046, p < 0.001, and p = 0.003 compared to the RRMM, Rem-MM, and control groups, respectively) compared to the other groups. LRG1 levels were positively correlated with creatinine (r: 0.363, p = 0.001), calcium (r: 0.344, p = 0.001), total protein (r: 0.473, p < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r: 0.547, p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.321, p = 0.003), beta-2-microglobulin (r: 0.312, p = 0.017), IL-6 (r: 0.478, p < 0.001), IL-8 (r: 0.240, p = 0.03), TGF-β1 (r: 0.521, p < 0.001), and HIF-1α (r: 0.321, p = 0.003) levels and were negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r: -0.512, p < 0.001) and albumin (r: -0.549, p < 0.001) levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed the association of LRG1 with the highest AUC value of 0.959 (95% CI: 0.904-1, p < 0.001) and the optimal cut-off value of 534.95 ng/mL (sensitivity: 93% and specificity: 99%) in the NDMM group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, providing data for the first time on LRG1 levels in the setting of MM. LRG1 levels were found to be significantly higher in NDMM patients and in our study discriminate this patient population from RRMM, Rem-MM, and normal controls. Therefore, LRG1 seems to a potential biomarker that should be evaluated in future studies addressing the diagnosis, staging, follow-up, prognosis, and treatment target of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
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Liu H, Tang T, Zhang H, Ting W, Zhou P, Luo Y, Qi H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou M, Yin W, Lin J, Cigerci İH. Identification of a 5-Hydroxymethylation Signature in Circulating Cell-Free DNA for the Noninvasive Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36276281 PMCID: PMC9581595 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3798741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background As a crucial epigenetic modification, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) plays a key role during colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the levels of 5-hmC-related genes in the circulating DNA of CRC remain largely unknown. Methods and Results The GSE81314 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which was generated by chemical marking-based low-input shotgun sequencing to detect 5-hmC in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was used in the present study. The GSE81314 dataset includes data for 8 plasma samples from healthy individuals and 4 plasma samples from CRC patients. The difference in the 5-hmC levels in cfDNA between the CRC group and healthy individuals was analyzed by the differentially expressed genes (DEG) package. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to analyze gene coexpression modules associated with sample characteristics. DEG analysis identified 19 upregulated and 9 downregulated 5-hmC-related genes. WGCNA showed that the pink, purple, and brown modules, which contain 531 genes in total, were significantly correlated with CRC (0.66, 0.61, and -0.59, respectively). We used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software to compare 5-hmC-related genes and pathways between CRC patients and healthy controls. We further performed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis and identified 4 nodes (LCN2, LRG1, S100P, and TACSTD2) that played key roles in the network, and we analyzed the expression of these nodes S100P in the GEPIA database. Consistent with the 5-hmC levels in CRC patient plasma, our external validation results from the GEPIA and UALCAN databases showed that LCN2, LRG1, S100P, and TACSTD2 were highly expressed in CRC tissue compared with controls. The DNA promoter methylation levels of LCN2, LRG1, and S100P were lower in CRC tissue than in normal control tissue. Conclusion The present findings suggest that abnormality in cell-free DNA hydroxylation in plasma may be associated with CRC. In addition, the 5-hmC levels of LCN2, LRG1, S100P, and TACSTD2 in circulating cfDNA may be used as potential noninvasive markers for CRC.
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Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Lin M, Liu J, Zhang F, Qi G, Tao S, Fan W, Chen M, Ding K, Zhou F. The role of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 in proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:283-291. [PMID: 35037101 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is widely involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of various tumor cells. Recent studies have evaluated the potential of LRG1 as both an early tumor and a prognostic biomarker. METHOD The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this article. RESULTS It has been found that LRG1 mainly acts on the regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis by transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling pathway as well as affecting the occurrence and development of the tumors. Moreover, with advancement of research, LRG1 regulation pathways which are independent of TGF-β signaling pathway have been gradually revealed in different tumor cells; There are several studies on the biological effects of LRG1 as an inflammatory factor, vascular growth regulator, cell adhesion, and a cell viability influencing factor. In addition, various tumor suppression methods which are based on regulation of LRG1 levels have also shown high potential clinical value. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 are critical for the processes of tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis in various tumors. The present study reviewed the latest research on the achievements of LRG1 in tumor genesis and development. Further, this study also discussed the related molecular mechanisms of various biological functions of LRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiu Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Tao
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Ding
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Liu S, Wang J, Lee J, Ang K, Shao YM, Gurung RL, Tavintharan S, Tang WE, Sum CF, Lim SC. Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1640-1649. [PMID: 34568896 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein in the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. We sought to study whether LRG1 might predict risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS 2012 outpatients with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.2 years and 188 death events were identified. Association of LRG1 with risk for mortality was assessed by multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS Participants with a higher concentration of LRG1 had an increased risk for all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI), 1.76 (1.03-3.01), 1.75 (1.03-2.98), and 4.37 (2.72-7.02) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively, compared to quartile 1]. The association remained significant after adjustment for known cardio-renal risk factors including estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria [adjusted HR 2.76 (1.66-4.59), quartile 4 versus 1]. As a continuous variable, a 1-SD increment in LRG1 was associated with 1.34 (1.14-1.57)-fold adjusted risk for all-cause mortality. High plasma LRG1 was independently associated with mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease, infection, and renal diseases. Adding LRG1 into a clinical variable-based model improved discrimination (c statistics from 0.828 to 0.842, P = 0.006) and reclassification (net reclassification improvement 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.67) for prediction of 5-year all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Plasma LRG1 predicts risk for all-cause mortality and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease, infection, and renal disease independent of known cardio-renal risk factors. It may be a potential novel biomarker to improve risk stratification in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sharon L T Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Janus Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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O'Connor MN, Kallenberg DM, Camilli C, Pilotti C, Dritsoula A, Jackstadt R, Bowers CE, Watson HA, Alatsatianos M, Ohme J, Dowsett L, George J, Blackburn JWD, Wang X, Singhal M, Augustin HG, Ager A, Sansom OJ, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1 destabilizes tumor vessels and restricts immunotherapeutic potency. Med 2021; 2:1231-1252.e10. [PMID: 35590198 PMCID: PMC7614757 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A poorly functioning tumor vasculature is pro-oncogenic and may impede the delivery of therapeutics. Normalizing the vasculature, therefore, may be beneficial. We previously reported that the secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) contributes to pathogenic neovascularization. Here, we investigate whether LRG1 in tumors is vasculopathic and whether its inhibition has therapeutic utility. METHODS Tumor growth and vascular structure were analyzed in subcutaneous and genetically engineered mouse models in wild-type and Lrg1 knockout mice. The effects of LRG1 antibody blockade as monotherapy, or in combination with co-therapies, on vascular function, tumor growth, and infiltrated lymphocytes were investigated. FINDINGS In mouse models of cancer, Lrg1 expression was induced in tumor endothelial cells, consistent with an increase in protein expression in human cancers. The expression of LRG1 affected tumor progression as Lrg1 gene deletion, or treatment with a LRG1 function-blocking antibody, inhibited tumor growth and improved survival. Inhibition of LRG1 increased endothelial cell pericyte coverage and improved vascular function, resulting in enhanced efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy, adoptive T cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibition (anti-PD1) therapy. With immunotherapy, LRG1 inhibition led to a significant shift in the tumor microenvironment from being predominantly immune silent to immune active. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 drives vascular abnormalization, and its inhibition represents a novel and effective means of improving the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. FUNDING Wellcome Trust (206413/B/17/Z), UKRI/MRC (G1000466, MR/N006410/1, MC/PC/14118, and MR/L008742/1), BHF (PG/16/50/32182), Health and Care Research Wales (CA05), CRUK (C42412/A24416 and A17196), ERC (ColonCan 311301 and AngioMature 787181), and DFG (CRC1366).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie N O'Connor
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - David M Kallenberg
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Camilla Pilotti
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Athina Dritsoula
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Chantelle E Bowers
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - H Angharad Watson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Markella Alatsatianos
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julia Ohme
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Laura Dowsett
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Jestin George
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Jack W D Blackburn
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK
| | - Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ann Ager
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK.
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London SE5 8BN, UK.
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10
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He S, Ryu J, Liu J, Luo H, Lv Y, Langlais PR, Wen J, Dong F, Sun Z, Xia W, Lynch JL, Duggirala R, Nicholson BJ, Zang M, Shi Y, Zhang F, Liu F, Bai J, Dong LQ. LRG1 is an adipokine that mediates obesity-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148545. [PMID: 34730111 DOI: 10.1172/jci148545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in adipokine biosynthesis and function contributes to obesity-induced metabolic diseases. However, the identities and functions of many of the obesity-induced secretory molecules remain unknown. Here, we report the identification of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-associated adipokine that exacerbates high fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Serum levels of LRG1 were markedly elevated in obese humans and mice compared to their respective controls. LRG1 deficiency in mice greatly alleviated diet-induced hepatosteatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, LRG1 bound with high selectivity to the liver and promoted hepatosteatosis by increasing de novo lipogenesis and suppressing fatty acid β-oxidation. LRG1 also inhibited hepatic insulin signaling by down-regulating insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2. Our study identified LRG1 as a key molecule that mediates the crosstalk between adipocytes and hepatocytes in diet-induced hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Suppressing LRG1 expression and function may be a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia He
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Jiyoon Ryu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Juanhong Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology Clinical Research Center for Met, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Zhe Sun
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xia
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, United States of America
| | - Bruce J Nicholson
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Fang Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Juli Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States of America
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11
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Gurung RL, Dorajoo R, M Y, Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Wang J, Wang L, Sim X, Liu S, Shao YM, Ang K, Subramaniam T, Tang WE, Sum CF, Liu JJ, Lim SC. Association of Genetic Variants for Plasma LRG1 With Rapid Decline in Kidney Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2384-2394. [PMID: 33889958 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated levels of plasma leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), a component of transforming growth factor beta signaling, are associated with development and progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether this relationship is causal is uncertain. OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants associated with plasma LRG1 levels and determine whether genetically predicted plasma LRG1 contributes to a rapid decline in kidney function (RDKF) in patients with T2D. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a genome-wide association study of plasma LRG1 among 3694 T2D individuals [1881 (983 Chinese, 420 Malay, and 478 Indian) discovery from Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes cohort and 1813 (Chinese) validation from Diabetic Nephropathy cohort]. One- sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed among 1337 T2D Chinese participants with preserved glomerular filtration function [baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2)]. RDKF was defined as an eGFR decline of 3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year or greater. RESULTS We identified rs4806985 variant near LRG1 locus robustly associated with plasma LRG1 levels (meta P = 6.66 × 10-16). Among 1337 participants, 344 (26%) developed RDKF, and the rs4806985 variant was associated with higher odds of RDKF (meta odds ratio = 1.23, P = 0.030 adjusted for age and sex). Mendelian randomization analysis provided evidence for a potential causal effect of plasma LRG1 on kidney function decline in T2D (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that genetically influenced plasma LRG1 increases the risk of RDKF in T2D patients, suggesting plasma LRG1 as a potential treatment target. However, further studies are warranted to elucidate underlying pathways to provide insight into diabetic kidney disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Lal Gurung
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiamunaa M
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, Singapore, Singapore
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Kakar M, Berezovska MM, Broks R, Asare L, Delorme M, Crouzen E, Zviedre A, Reinis A, Engelis A, Kroica J, Saxena A, Petersons A. Serum and Urine Biomarker Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1 Differentiates Pediatric Acute Complicated and Uncomplicated Appendicitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:860. [PMID: 34064691 PMCID: PMC8151968 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective, single-center cohort study analyzes the potential of inflammatory protein mediator leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) for the early and accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA), and differentiation of acute complicated (AcA) from uncomplicated appendicitis (AuA). METHODS Participants were divided into the AcA, AuA, and control groups, and their serum (s-LRG1) and urine LRG1 (u-LRG1) levels were assayed preoperatively on the second and fifth postoperative days. RESULTS 153 patients participated, 97 had AA. Preoperative u-LRG1 with a cut-off value of 0.18 μg/mL generated an area under the receiver operated characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62-0.79) for AA versus control (p < 0.001), while the results for AcA versus AuA were not significant (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.49-0.71, p = 0.089). The s-LRG1 levels of AA versus the control with a cut-off value of 51.69 μg/mL generated an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.99, p < 0.001). The cut-off value of s-LRG1 was 84.06 μg/mL for diagnosis of AcA from AuA, and therefore, significant (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.59-0.80, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LRG1 exhibited excellent diagnostic performance as an inexpensive, non-invasive, rapid, and accurate biomarker able to reflect the pathogenesis of AA. LRG1 has the potential to replace advanced imaging to diagnose clinically ambiguous AA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kakar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (M.M.B.); (A.Z.); (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marisa Maija Berezovska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (M.M.B.); (A.Z.); (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renars Broks
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.B.); (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Lasma Asare
- Statistical Unit, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Mathilde Delorme
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Emile Crouzen
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Astra Zviedre
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (M.M.B.); (A.Z.); (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aigars Reinis
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.B.); (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Arnis Engelis
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (M.M.B.); (A.Z.); (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juta Kroica
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.B.); (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Amulya Saxena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chelsea Children’s Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Fdn Trust, Imperial College London, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Aigars Petersons
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (M.M.B.); (A.Z.); (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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13
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Furuta T, Sugita Y, Komaki S, Ohshima K, Morioka M, Uchida Y, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Nakada M. The Multipotential of Leucine-Rich α-2 Glycoprotein 1 as a Clinicopathological Biomarker of Glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:873-879. [PMID: 32647893 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a diagnostic marker candidate for glioblastoma. Although LRG1 has been associated with angiogenesis, it has been suggested that its biomarker role differs depending on the type of tumor. In this study, a clinicopathological examination of LRG1's role as a biomarker for glioblastoma was performed. We used tumor tissues of 155 cases with diffuse gliomas (27 astrocytomas, 14 oligodendrogliomas, 114 glioblastomas). The immunohistochemical LRG1 intensity scoring was classified into 2 groups: low expression and high expression. Mutations of IDH1, IDH2, and TERT promoter were analyzed through the Sanger method. We examined the relationship between LRG1 expression level in glioblastoma and clinical parameters, such as age, preoperative Karnofsky performance status, tumor location, extent of resection, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter, and prognosis. LRG1 high expression rate was 41.2% in glioblastoma, 3.7% in astrocytoma, and 21.4% in oligodendroglioma. Glioblastoma showed a significantly higher LRG1 expression than lower-grade glioma (p = 0.0003). High expression of LRG1 was an independent favorable prognostic factor (p = 0.019) in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and correlated with gross total resection (p = 0.002) and the tumor location on nonsubventricular zone (p = 0.00007). LRG1 demonstrated multiple potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and regional biomarker for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Furuta
- From the Department of Pathology; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sugita
- From the Department of Pathology; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan.,Kurume University School of Medicine; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoru Komaki
- Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- From the Department of Pathology; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- From the Department of Pathology; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- From the Department of Pathology; Department of Neuropathology, St. Mary's Hospita, Kurume, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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14
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Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Wang J, Liu S, Ang K, Shao YM, Tang JIS, Gurung RL, Tavintharan S, Tang WE, Sum CF, Lim SC. Association of Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2 Glycoprotein 1, a Modulator of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway, With Incident Heart Failure in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:571-577. [PMID: 33293346 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a circulating protein potentially involved in several pathways related to pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We aimed to study whether plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and hospitalization attributable to HF (HHF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,978 individuals with type 2 diabetes were followed for a median of 7.1 years (interquartile range 6.1-7.6). Association of LRG1 with HF was studied using cause-specific Cox regression models. RESULTS In follow-up, 191 incident HF and 119 HHF events were identified. As compared with quartile 1, participants with LRG1 in quartiles 3 and 4 had 3.60-fold (95% CI 1.63-7.99) and 5.99-fold (95% CI 2.21-16.20) increased risk of incident HF and 5.88-fold (95% CI 1.83-18.85) and 10.44-fold (95% CI 2.37-45.98) increased risk of HHF, respectively, after adjustment for multiple known cardiorenal risk factors. As a continuous variable, 1 SD increment in natural log-transformed LRG1 was associated with 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.33-2.38) adjusted risk of incident HF and 1.92-fold (95% CI 1.27-2.92) adjusted risk of HHF. Adding LRG1 to the clinical variable-based model improved risk discrimination for incident HF (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79-0.81; P = 0.02) and HHF (AUC 0.81-0.84; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Plasma LRG1 is associated with risks of incident HF and HHF, suggesting that it may potentially be involved in pathogenesis of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether LRG1 is a novel biomarker for HF risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sharon L T Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jiexun Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Singapore .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Fouda MS, Aljarwani RM, Aboul-Enein K, Omran MM. Diagnostic performances of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 and stem cell factor for diagnosis and follow-up of colorectal cancer. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33492603 PMCID: PMC7835270 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to improve the outcomes and early detection of CRC. The sensitivity of traditional CRC tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)) is not ideal. The levels of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and stem cell factor (SCF) were evaluated, but the combined value of both markers is unclear. This case-control study included four groups: CRC patients before treatments (n = 22), CRC patients after treatments (n = 26), 20 patients with benign tumor, and 20 healthy subjects. Levels of routine biochemical and hematological markers, traditional tumor markers (CA19.9 and CEA), and candidate markers (LRG1 and SCF) were determined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and area receiver-operating characteristic analysis (ROC) were used for evaluation the diagnostic performances of single and combined markers. RESULTS No significance difference in traditional tumor markers CEA, CA 19.9, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were found among study groups. SCF, LRG1, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in non-treated CRC patients than after treated CRC. The combination between SCF and LRG1 showed highly significant difference in CRC patients compared with benign, healthy subjects, and among CRC groups (treated and non-treated) (p < 0.0001). The highest areas under curve (AUCs) were observed when LRG1 was used as a single predictor for discriminating CRC from healthy (0.87), benign (0.84), and non-treated CRC vs treated CRC (0.82). AUCs were jumped to 0.90, 0.84, and 0.84 when LRG1 and SCF were combined. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that LRG1 and SCF were potential diagnostic and follow-up markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rokaia M Aljarwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Khaled Aboul-Enein
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
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16
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Zhang YS, Han L, Yang C, Liu YJ, Zhang XM. Prognostic Value of LRG1 in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 44:36-42. [PMID: 33242858 DOI: 10.1159/000510945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is closely related to angiogenesis, which may play an important role in promoting invasion and metastasis. However, the current literature has yet to clarify the clinical significance of LRG1 in breast cancer. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to validate the correlation between LRG1 expression and prognosis in early breast cancer. METHODS We utilized an LRG1 detection agent in 330 cases of early breast cancer. The correlation of LRG1 expression with clinicopathological features, patient recurrence, and survival was investigated. RESULTS Compared with adjacent tissue samples, an elevated expression of LRG1 was observed in breast cancer samples. Moreover, LRG1 expression is associated with the number of lymphatic metastases and TNM pathological stage (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). For disease-free survival (DFS), the Kaplan-Meier curve indicated a poorer prognosis for the group with high LRG1 levels compared with the low LRG1 group (p = 0.000). A similar result was found for overall survival (OS; p = 0.000). The multivariate Cox regression indicated that LRG1 was still associated with DFS (HR 2.090, 95% CI 1.205-3.625, p = 0.009) and OS (HR 2.112, 95% CI 1.167-3.822, p = 0.013). The histological grade, TNM pathological stage, and molecular subtype were identified as independent risk factors affecting OS. CONCLUSION In the malignant progression of breast cancer, high LRG1 levels are associated with lymphatic metastasis, histological grade, poor DFS, and poor OS. This study validates the use of LRG1 as a potential prognosis biomarker for early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shou Zhang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Liu
- Breast Cancer Center, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,
| | - Xiang-Mei Zhang
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Gu Z, Xie D, Huang C, Ding R, Zhang R, Li Q, Lin C, Qiu Y. MicroRNA-497 elevation or LRG1 knockdown promotes osteoblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in osteoporosis via TGF-β1/Smads signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12619-12632. [PMID: 32975015 PMCID: PMC7687005 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been corroborated to engage in the process of cellular activities in osteoporosis. However, few researches have been conducted to expose the integrated role of miR‐497, leucine‐rich alpha‐2‐glycoprotein‐1 (LRG1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads signalling pathway in osteoporosis. Thereafter, the study is set out to delve into miR‐497/LRG1/TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway axis in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis bone tissues and normal bone tissues were collected. Rat osteoporosis models were constructed via ovariectomy. Model rats were injected with restored miR‐497 or depleted LRG1 to explore their roles in osteoporosis. Rat osteoblasts were extracted from osteoporosis rats and transfected with restored miR‐497 or depleted LRG1 for further verification. MiR‐497 and LRG1 expression in femoral head tissues and osteoblasts of osteoporosis rats were detected. TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway‐related factors were detected. MiR‐497 was poorly expressed while LRG1 was highly expressed and TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway activation was inhibited in osteoporosis. MiR‐497 up‐regulation or LRG1 down‐regulation activated TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway, promoted collagen type 1 synthesis and suppressed oxidative stress in femoral head tissues in osteoporosis. MiR‐497 restoration or LRG1 knockdown activated TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway, promoted viability and suppressed apoptosis of osteoblasts in osteoporosis. Our study suggests that miR‐497 up‐regulation or LRG1 down‐regulation promotes osteoblast viability and collagen synthesis via activating TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway, which may provide a novel reference for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengTao Gu
- Department of Treatment Center For Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - DengHui Xie
- Division of joint surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - CaiQiang Huang
- Division of spine surgery, section Ⅱ, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Division of spine surgery, section Ⅱ, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - RongKai Zhang
- Division of joint surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - QingChu Li
- Division of spine surgery, section Ⅱ, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChuangXin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - YiYan Qiu
- Division of spine surgery, section Ⅱ, Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Xing Q, Chen X, Wang J, Guan S, Chen X, Sun P, Wang M, Cheng Y. The Clinical Prognostic Value of LRG1 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:756-763. [PMID: 30714525 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190204095942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein1 (LRG1) is a new oncogene-related gene, which has been proven important for the development and poor prognosis of human cancers. However, whether it participates in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression level and functional influence of LRG1 in ESCC. METHODS The expression of LRG1 was evaluated on the mRNA and protein level in ESCC patients. Then, correlation of LRG1 expression with clinicpathological variables was analyzed in ESCC. Besides, to clarify the biological function of LRG1, Eca109 and KYSE150 cells were transfected with LRG1 shRNA, the cell viability, clonal efficiency, apoptosis and invasion assays in vitro were performed. RESULTS LRG1 was significantly over-expressed in ESCC and related to deeper invasion depth (T stage) and distal metastasis (M stage). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that LRG1 up-regulation in ESCC was closely correlated to worse clinical survival (overall survival and progression-free survival), all P<0.001. LRG1 was confirmed to be an independent poor premonitory indicator for clinical outcomes in ESCC through the univariate and multivariate analyses. Down-regulation of LRG1 in ESCC cells markedly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, stimulated apoptosis (all p <0.01). CONCLUSION LRG1 might play a significant role in the progression of ESCC, and could be served as a promising prognostic prediction for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanghui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Thoracic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang A, Fang H, Chen J, He L, Chen Y. Role of VEGF-A and LRG1 in Abnormal Angiogenesis Associated With Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1064. [PMID: 32982792 PMCID: PMC7488177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important public health concern of increasing proportions and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients. It is one of the most common long-term microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by proteinuria and glomerular structural changes. Angiogenesis has long been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of DN, whereas the molecular mechanisms of which are barely known. Angiogenic factors associated with angiogenesis are the major candidates to explain the microvascular and pathologic finds of DN. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1, angiopoietins and vasohibin family signal between the podocytes, endothelium, and mesangium have important roles in the maintenance of renal functions. An appropriate amount of VEGF-A is beneficial to maintaining glomerular structure, while excessive VEGF-A can lead to abnormal angiogenesis. LRG1 is a novel pro-angiogenic factors involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and renal fibrosis in DN. The imbalance of Ang1/Ang2 ratio has a role in leading to glomerular disease. Vasohibin-2 is recently shown to be in diabetes-induced glomerular alterations. This review will focus on current understanding of these angiogenic factors in angiogenesis and pathogenesis associated with the development of DN, with the aim of evaluating the potential of anti-angiogenesis therapy in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huawei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Leyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Youwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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Zhang N, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Wang B, Ma N, Gao Z, Cao B. LRG1 Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Modulating Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. J Cancer 2020; 11:1486-1494. [PMID: 32047555 PMCID: PMC6995366 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. The molecular pathogenesis underlying ESCC remains to be explored. Leucine-rich ɑ-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancer types, however its role in ESCC is unknown. Materials and Methods: Data from the public database was analyzed to address the expression of LRG1 in ESCC. Gain-of-function studies were performed in select ESCC cell lines by over-expression or addition of recombinant LRG1, while loss-of-function studies achieved by small interfering RNA mediated knockdown. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to investigate ESCC cell migration and invasion upon manipulating LRG1 levels. Western blot and Immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFβ signaling pathway. Results: LRG1 mRNA levels were found to be significantly down-regulated in patients with ESCC as well as in several ESCC cell lines. Silencing of LRG1 promoted, while overexpression of LRG1 inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion. In line with this, Silencing of LRG1 enhanced, while overexpression of LRG1 reduced TGFβ signaling and EMT of ESCC cells. Conclusion/Significance: LRG1 suppresses ESCC cell migration and invasion via negative modulation of TGFβ signaling and EMT. Down-regulation of LRG1 in ESCC patients may favor tumor metastasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninggang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 3 of Zhigong Xincun Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nina Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengxing Gao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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21
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Gao Y, Zhou J, Xie Z, Wang J, Ho CK, Zhang Y, Li Q. Mechanical strain promotes skin fibrosis through LRG-1 induction mediated by ELK1 and ERK signalling. Commun Biol 2019; 2:359. [PMID: 31602408 PMCID: PMC6778114 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical force and pathological angiogenesis are dominant features in fibro-proliferative disorders. Understanding the role and regulation of the mechanical microenvironment in which pathological angiogenesis occurs is an important challenge when investigating numerous angiogenesis-related diseases. In skin fibrosis, dermal fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells are integral to hypertrophic scar formation. However, few studies have been conducted to closely investigate their relationship. Here we show, that leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) a regulator of pathological angiogenesis, links biomechanical force to angiogenesis in skin fibrosis. We discover that LRG-1 is overexpressed in hypertrophic scar tissues, and that depletion of Lrg-1 in mouse skin causes mild neovascularization and skin fibrosis formation in a hypertrophic scarring model. Inhibition of FAK or ERK attenuates LRG-1 expression through the ELK1 transcription factor, which binds to the LRG-1 promoter region after transcription initiation by mechanical force. Using LRG-1 to uncouple mechanical force from angiogenesis may prove clinically successful in treating fibro-proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-kang Ho
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hayashi M, Abe K, Fujita M, Okai K, Takahashi A, Ohira H. Changes in serum levels of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein predict prognosis in primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:385-393. [PMID: 30471232 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A non-invasive biomarker for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is needed. The association between leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein (LRG) and PBC has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the predictive value of LRG for the development of cirrhosis-related conditions in PBC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 129 individuals with biopsy-confirmed PBC. Leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using stored sera at biopsy (n = 129) and after treatment (n = 80). RESULTS Levels of LRG decreased significantly after treatment (55.8 μg/mL vs. 39.8 μg/mL, P < 0.001). Neither LRG nor delta-LRG was associated with transaminase or histological findings. Delta-LRG >0 (hazard ratio [HR] 4.61, P = 0.013), delta-LRG >0 and an aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) >0.76 (HR 458, P < 0.001) were associated with the development of a cirrhosis-related condition. Patients with a delta-LRG >0 and an APRI >0.76 had a significantly increased rate of developing cirrhosis-related conditions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Changes in LRG levels after treatment predicted PBC prognosis but were not associated with histological stage. Changes in LRG in addition to the APRI could be a useful combination of tools for clinicians as a non-invasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ken Okai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Xie ZB, Zhang YF, Jin C, Mao YS, Fu DL. LRG-1 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis via modulation of the EGFR/p38 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:75. [PMID: 30760292 PMCID: PMC6374912 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormal expression of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) is reported to be associated with multiple malignancies, but its role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be determined. METHODS The expression of LRG-1 was assessed in PDAC tissues by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. LRG-1-silenced or overexpressed cell lines were constructed using shRNA or LRG-1-overexpressing plasmids. EdU incorporation assay, Transwell invasion and wound-healing assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, invasion and migration of PDAC cells. In addition, protein expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was detected using Western blot. Finally, Co-immunoprecipitation assay was conducted in search of the potential interaction between LRG-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS The expression of LRG-1 in PDAC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue, and high LRG-1 expression predicted poor survival and a late tumor stage. In addition, LRG-1 markedly promoted the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells in vitro and facilitated tumor growth in vivo. More importantly, we revealed that these bioactivities of LRG-1 might result from its selective interaction with EGFR, which might further activate the p38/MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION LRG-1 may prove to be a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis of PDAC patients. Inhibition of LRG-1 or its downstream pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 ZhizaojuRoad, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yi-Shen Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Dalal K, Khorate P, Dalal B, Chavan R, Bhatia S, Kale A, Shukla A, Shankarkumar A. Differentially expressed serum host proteins in hepatitis B and C viral infections. Virusdisease 2018; 29:468-477. [PMID: 30539049 PMCID: PMC6261891 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is mostly detected in advanced stage. Hence, its early detection is of paramount importance using a biomarker having sensitivity and specificity both. The present study highlights differentially expressed host proteins in response to HBV/HCV infection at different stages. Comparative proteomic study was done by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Sera from each of chronically infected, liver cirrhosis and HCC in HBV or HCV infection along with controls were selected. Analysis of functional association between differentially expressed proteins with viral hepatitis was extensively carried out. Forty-three differentially expressed spots (≥ 1.5 fold; P < 0.05) on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were corresponded to 28 proteins by mass spectrometry in variable liver diseases. Haptoglobin protein levels were decreased upon disease progression to HCC due to HBV infection. The other proteins expressed differentially are ceruloplasmin, serum paraoxonase 1, retinol binding protein and leucine rich alpha 2 proteins in plasma maybe associated to HBV HCC. Whereas, upregulation of C4a/C4b showed it as a reliable marker in patients with end stage liver disease related to HCV infection. ApolipoproteinA1 levels in liver diseases in both HBV and HCV infection corresponding to healthy controls may be a common marker for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Protein interaction studies by extensive pathway analysis using bioinformatics tools such as EnrichNet application and STRING revealed significant associations with specific infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Dalal
- Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Department, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed Bldg, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Priyanka Khorate
- Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Department, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed Bldg, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Bhavik Dalal
- Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Department, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed Bldg, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Rahul Chavan
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai University Campus, Vidyanagari, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Shobna Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai University Campus, Vidyanagari, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400098 India
| | - Akash Shukla
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
- Present Address: Department of Gastroenterology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, 400 022 India
| | - Aruna Shankarkumar
- Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Department, National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th floor, New Multi-storeyed Bldg, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
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Abstract
Background Leukemia cells have strong proliferation and anti-apoptosis capabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silencing the leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein1 (LRG1) gene, which was found to regulate tumor proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Material/Methods Plasmid interference technique was used to silence the LRG1 gene in the KASUMI-1 cell line. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to test the effect of transduction on cell viability. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the expression levels of proteins and mRNA, respectively. Results KASUMI-1 cells with the CD34+CD38− phenotype were sorted by flow cytometry. After transfection of the siLRG1 plasmid, the level of LRG1 expression was downregulated and cell viability was reduced. Silencing of LRG1 gene blocked KASUMI-1 cells in G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. Further experiments found that LRG1 gene silencing significantly downregulated cell cycle-associated proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, while upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins. Downregulation of LRG1 gene expression also inhibits signal transduction of the JAK-STAT pathway. Conclusions LRG1 gene silencing regulates the expression of cyclin and apoptosis-related proteins to reduce cell viability and promote apoptosis, probably through inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hongqian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Lio DCS, Liu C, Wiraja C, Qiu B, Fhu CW, Wang X, Xu C. Molecular Beacon Gold Nanosensors for Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein-1 Detection in Pathological Angiogenesis. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1647-1655. [PMID: 30095245 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (Lrg1) is an emerging biomarker for angiogenesis. Its expression in ocular tissues is up-regulated in both human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and rodent models of pathological angiogenesis. However, there is no existing sensor that allows visualization and monitoring of Lrg1 expression noninvasively and in real time. Herein, we report a nucleic acid-gold nanorod-based nanosensor for the noninvasive monitoring of cellular Lrg1 expression in angiogenesis. Specifically, this platform is constructed by covalently conjugating molecular beacons onto gold nanorods, which prequench the fluorophores on the molecular beacons. Upon intracellular entry and endosomal escape, the complexes interact with cellular Lrg1 mRNA through hybridization of the loop area of the molecular beacons. This complexation distances the fluorophores from nanorod and restores the prequenched fluorescence. The reliability of this platform is confirmed by examining the increased Lrg1 expression in migrating keratinocytes and the Lrg1 gene changes in different postnatal stages of mouse retinal vasculature growth in the mouse retina model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chin Shiuan Lio
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Chenghao Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Fhu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1 V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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27
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Tran TT, Bollineni RC, Koehler CJ, Thiede B. Absolute two-point quantification of proteins using dimethylated proteotypic peptides. Analyst 2018; 143:4359-4365. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For absolute quantification of target proteins by LC-MS, adding two versions of spike-in peptides can be used as a quality control against each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences
- University of Oslo
- Norway
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28
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Cao Y, Zhu J, Jia P, Zhao Z. scRNASeqDB: A Database for RNA-Seq Based Gene Expression Profiles in Human Single Cells. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120368. [PMID: 29206167 PMCID: PMC5748686 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is rapidly becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics at the single cell level. Both the number and quality of scRNA-Seq datasets have dramatically increased recently. A database that can comprehensively collect, curate, and compare expression features of scRNA-Seq data in humans has not yet been built. Here, we present scRNASeqDB, a database that includes almost all the currently available human single cell transcriptome datasets (n = 38) covering 200 human cell lines or cell types and 13,440 samples. Our online web interface allows users to rank the expression profiles of the genes of interest across different cell types. It also provides tools to query and visualize data, including Gene Ontology and pathway annotations for differentially expressed genes between cell types or groups. The scRNASeqDB is a useful resource for single cell transcriptional studies. This database is publicly available at https://bioinfo.uth.edu/scrnaseqdb/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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29
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Liu JJ, Pek SLT, Ang K, Tavintharan S, Lim SC. Plasma Leucine-Rich α-2-Glycoprotein 1 Predicts Rapid eGFR Decline and Albuminuria Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3683-3691. [PMID: 28973352 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abnormal angiogenesis plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a newly identified angiogenic factor. OBJECTIVE To study whether plasma LRG1 may independently predict progression of DKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study in a regional hospital. PATIENTS In total, 1226 T2DM participants were followed for a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 3.1 ± 0.4 years. MAIN OUTCOMES Albuminuria progression was defined as elevation in albuminuria level to a higher category. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression [rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline] was defined as a 40% or greater deterioration in eGFR in 3 years. RESULTS Both participants with albuminuria progression and those with CKD progression had higher plasma LRG1 levels at baseline. LRG1 independently predicted albuminuria progression above traditional risk factors, including baseline eGFR and urine albumin to creatinine ratio. A 1-SD increment in LRG1 was associated with a 1.26-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.53, P = 0.018] higher adjusted risk for albuminuria progression. The association of LRG1 with microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria progression was stronger than its association with normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria progression [odds ratio (OR), 1.51; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.18, P = 0.029 vs OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.37, P = 0.486, per 1-SD LRG1 increment]. Also, LRG1 independently predicted CKD progression above traditional risk factors. A 1-SD increment in LRG1 was associated with a 1.48-fold (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11, P = 0.032) higher adjusted risk for CKD progression. CONCLUSIONS Plasma LRG1 predicts both albuminuria and CKD progression beyond traditional risk factors. It may play a role in the pathologic pathway leading to progression of DKD in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Sharon Li Ting Pek
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Kevin Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | | | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
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30
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Chen SL, Liu LL, Lu SX, Luo RZ, Wang CH, Wang H, Cai SH, Yang X, Xie D, Zhang CZ, Yun JP. HBx-mediated decrease of AIM2 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1225-1240. [PMID: 28580773 PMCID: PMC5579341 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been implicated in inflammation and carcinogenesis, although its role in HCC metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we show that AIM2 protein expression was noticeably reduced in HCC cell lines and clinical samples. A reduction in AIM2 was closely associated with higher serum AFP levels, vascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, an incomplete tumor capsule and unfavorable postsurgical survival odds. In vitro studies demonstrated that AIM2 expression was modulated by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at transcriptional and post-translational levels. HBx overexpression markedly blocked the expression of AIM2 at mRNA and protein levels by enhancing the stability of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Furthermore, HBx interacted with AIM2, resulting in an increase of AIM2 degradation via ubiquitination induction. Functionally, knockdown of AIM2 enhanced cell migration, formation of cell pseudopodium, wound healing and tumor metastasis, whereas reintroduction of AIM2 attenuated these functions. The loss of AIM2 induced the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was found to be a downstream effector of AIM2, with its expression reversely modulated by AIM2. Silencing of FN1 significantly halted cell migration induced by AIM2 depletion. These data demonstrate that HBx-induced loss of AIM2 is associated with poor outcomes and facilitates HCC metastasis by triggering the EMT process. The results of the present study therefore suggest that AIM2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatitis B virus-related HCC, as well as a possible therapeutic target for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lu Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hang Cai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Shimizu D, Inokawa Y, Sonohara F, Inaoka K, Nomoto S. Search for useful biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2527-2542. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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32
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Sun DC, Shi Y, Wang LX, Lv Y, Han QL, Wang ZK, Dai GH. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1, relevant with microvessel density, is an independent survival prognostic factor for stage III colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66550-66558. [PMID: 29029535 PMCID: PMC5630435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (encoded by LRG1) has been shown to be involved in multiple cancer progression and angiogenesis. LRG1 has been shown to be one of the five plasma proteins that can be used for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. The objective of the current study was to explore relationship between LRG1 protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) in stage III CRC. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of all stage III CRC who underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out. LRG1 and CD34 were tested in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results LRG1 protein expression was significantly associated with MVD (P <0.001) and other clinicopathological parameters, including T stage (P=0.028), differentiation (P=0.035) and vascular invasion (P=0.007). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that LRG1 protein expression was an independent poor predictive factor for both disease-free and overall survival. Conclusion LRG1 protein expression can be used as a prognostic marker for stage III CRC along with its use as a diagnostic marker for CRC in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cong Sun
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Xiong Wang
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Current Adress: Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lv
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Li Han
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Wang
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Dai
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Yu SJ, Kim H, Min H, Sohn A, Cho YY, Yoo JJ, Lee DH, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Gim J, Park T, Kim YJ, Kim CY, Yoon JH, Kim Y. Targeted Proteomics Predicts a Sustained Complete-Response after Transarterial Chemoembolization and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1239-1248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jong Yu
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Areum Sohn
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young Youn Cho
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chung Yong Kim
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department
of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, ‡Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and §Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research
Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Yongon-Dong, Seoul 110-799, Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Bioinformatics and ⊥Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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