1
|
Wang Y, Zhu F, Li J, Gurmesa GA, Huang S, Fang X, Liu D, Mgelwa AS, Wang W, Huang K, Duan Y, Song L, Li X, Quan Z, Kang R, Zhu W, Hobbie EA, Fang Y. Evidence and causes of recent decreases in nitrogen deposition in temperate forests in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172472. [PMID: 38642760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
High reactive nitrogen (N) emissions due to anthropogenic activities in China have led to an increase in N deposition and ecosystem degradation. The Chinese government has strictly regulated reactive N emissions since 2010, however, determining whether N deposition has reduced requires long-term monitoring. Here, we report the patterns of N deposition at a rural forest site (Qingyuan) in northeastern China over the last decade. We collected 456 daily precipitation samples from 2014 to 2022 and analysed the temporal dynamics of N deposition. NH4+-N, NO3--N, and total inorganic N (TIN) deposition ranged from 10.5 ± 3.5 (mean ± SD), 6.1 ± 1.6, and 16.6 ± 4.7 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively. Over the measurement period, TIN deposition at Qingyuan decreased by 55 %, whereas that in comparable sites in East Asia declined by 14-34 %. We used a random forest model to determine factors influencing the deposition of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and TIN during the study period. NH4+-N deposition decreased by 60 % because of decreased agricultural NH3 emissions. Furthermore, NO3--N deposition decreased by 42 %, due to reduced NOx emissions from agricultural soil and fossil fuel combustion. The steep decline in N deposition in northeastern China was attributed to reduced coal consumption, improved emission controls on automobiles, and shifts in agricultural practices. Long-term monitoring is needed to assess regional air quality and the impact of N emission control regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Jin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shaonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Prevention and Ecological Security (Henan University), Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoming Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; College of Natural Resources Management & Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture & Technology, P.O. Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Wenchao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yihang Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Linlin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, The State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Erik A Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Slate ML, Antoninka A, Bailey L, Berdugo MB, Callaghan DA, Cárdenas M, Chmielewski MW, Fenton NJ, Holland-Moritz H, Hopkins S, Jean M, Kraichak BE, Lindo Z, Merced A, Oke T, Stanton D, Stuart J, Tucker D, Coe KK. Impact of changing climate on bryophyte contributions to terrestrial water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2411-2429. [PMID: 38659154 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bryophytes, including the lineages of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, are the second-largest photoautotroph group on Earth. Recent work across terrestrial ecosystems has highlighted how bryophytes retain and control water, fix substantial amounts of carbon (C), and contribute to nitrogen (N) cycles in forests (boreal, temperate, and tropical), tundra, peatlands, grasslands, and deserts. Understanding how changing climate affects bryophyte contributions to global cycles in different ecosystems is of primary importance. However, because of their small physical size, bryophytes have been largely ignored in research on water, C, and N cycles at global scales. Here, we review the literature on how bryophytes influence global biogeochemical cycles, and we highlight that while some aspects of global change represent critical tipping points for survival, bryophytes may also buffer many ecosystems from change due to their capacity for water, C, and N uptake and storage. However, as the thresholds of resistance of bryophytes to temperature and precipitation regime changes are mostly unknown, it is challenging to predict how long this buffering capacity will remain functional. Furthermore, as ecosystems shift their global distribution in response to changing climate, the size of different bryophyte-influenced biomes will change, resulting in shifts in the magnitude of bryophyte impacts on global ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Slate
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anita Antoninka
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86005, USA
| | - Lydia Bailey
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86005, USA
| | - Monica B Berdugo
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Des A Callaghan
- Bryophyte Surveys Ltd, Almondsbury, South Gloucestershire, BS32 4DU, UK
| | - Mariana Cárdenas
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Nicole J Fenton
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Hannah Holland-Moritz
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Samantha Hopkins
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mélanie Jean
- Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Bier Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Zoë Lindo
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Amelia Merced
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - Tobi Oke
- Wildlife Conservation Society & School of Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Julia Stuart
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
- Mountain Planning Service Group, US Forest Service, Lakewood, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Daniel Tucker
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kirsten K Coe
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:675-698. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santofimia E, González-Toril E, de Diego G, Rincón-Tomás B, Aguilera Á. Ecological degradation of a fragile semi-arid wetland and the implications in its microbial community: The case study of Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171626. [PMID: 38471590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP, Iberian Peninsula) is a semi-arid wetland of international significance for waterfowl and serves as a migratory route for various bird species. However, TDNP presents strong anthropization and fluctuating water levels, making it a highly fragile ecosystem. Water physico-chemical parameters and microbial diversity of the three domains (Bacteria-Archaea- Eukarya) were analysed in Zone A and Zone B of the wetland (a total of eight stations) during spring and summer, aiming to determine how seasonal changes influence the water quality, trophic status and ultimately, the microbial community composition. Additionally, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was used to determine the trophic status instead of transparency using Secchi disk, setting the threshold to 20-40 μmol/sm2 for benthic vegetation growth. In spring, both zones of the wetland were considered eutrophic, and physico-chemical parameters as well as microbial diversity were similar to other wetlands, with most abundant bacteria affiliated to Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, Gammaproteobacteria and Verrumicrobiota. Methane-related taxa like Methanosarcinales and photosynthetic Chlorophyta were respectively the most representative archaeal and eukaryotic groups. In summer, phytoplankton bloom led by an unclassified Cyanobacteria and mainly alga Hydrodictyon was observed in Zone A, resulting in an increase of turbidity, pH, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin indicating the change to hypertrophic state. Microbial community composition was geographical and seasonal shaped within the wetland as response to changes in trophic status. Archaeal diversity decreases and methane-related species increase due to sediment disturbance driven by fish activity, wind, and substantial water depth reduction. Zone B in summer suffers less seasonal changes, maintaining the eutrophic state and still detecting macrophyte growth in some stations. This study provides a new understanding of the interdomain microbial adaptation following the ecological evolution of the wetland, which is crucial to knowing these systems that are ecological niches with high environmental value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Santofimia
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graciela de Diego
- Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Rincón-Tomás
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), Ríos Rosas, 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phelan JN, Van Houtven G, Clark CM, Buckley J, Cajka J, Hargrave A, Horn K, Thomas RQ, Sabo RD. Climate change could negate U.S. forest ecosystem service benefits gained through reductions in nitrogen and sulfur deposition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10767. [PMID: 38730011 PMCID: PMC11087459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) impact the health and productivity of forests. Here, we explored the potential impacts of these environmental stressors on ecosystem services provided by future forests in the contiguous U.S. We found that all stand-level services benefitted (+ 2.6 to 8.1%) from reductions in N+S deposition, largely attributable to positive responses to reduced S that offset the net negative effects of lower N levels. Sawtimber responded positively (+ 0.5 to 0.6%) to some climate change, but negatively (- 2.4 to - 3.8%) to the most extreme scenarios. Aboveground carbon (C) sequestration and forest diversity were negatively impacted by all modelled changes in climate. Notably, the most extreme climate scenario eliminated gains in all three services achieved through reduced deposition. As individual tree species responded differently to climate change and atmospheric deposition, associated services unique to each species increased or decreased under future scenarios. Our results suggest that climate change should be considered when evaluating the benefits of N and S air pollution policies on the services provided by U.S. forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher M Clark
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Buckley
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., RTP, NC, USA
| | - James Cajka
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., RTP, NC, USA
| | - Ashton Hargrave
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Forest System Washington Office, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kevin Horn
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - R Quinn Thomas
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert D Sabo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morera-Gómez Y, Armas-Camejo A, Santamaría JM, Alonso-Hernández CM, Lasheras E, Widory D, Elustondo D. Chemical and C and N stable isotope compositions of three species of epiphytic Tillandsia in a Caribbean coastal zone: air pollution sources and biomonitoring implications. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:141-161. [PMID: 38270129 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2304756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We characterized the elemental and C and N stable isotope compositions of Tillandsia fasciculata Sw., Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. & Schult.f. and Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. samples collected in Cienfuegos (Cuba). Results showed high enrichment factors for S, Hg, Cd, Pb, P, Zn, Cu, Mo, Sb and Ca in all Tillandsia species, indicating inputs from local anthropogenic activities (road traffic, industries and cement production). Carbon concentrations and δ13C varied from 38.3-47.7 % and -20.4 to -13.4 ‰ within the three species, respectively. δ13C showed seasonal dependence with the dry and wet periods and more 13C-depleted values in urban/industrial areas, coherent with the input of anthropogenic emissions. Nitrogen concentrations (0.4-1.3 %) and δ15N values (-9.9-4.4 ‰) exhibit larger variations and are positively correlated in the three species. The most positive δ15N in T. recurvata (-0.2-4.4 ‰) are attributed to contributions from industrial activities and road traffic. In fact, both δ15N and total nitrogen (TN) values increase in sites with higher road traffic and show significant correlations with typical road traffic and industrial tracers. Finally, we calculate an average total nitrogen deposition rate of 4.4 ± 2.3 kg ha-1 a-1 from N content in T. recurvata, similar to the existing values determined in the region by field measurements, but higher than the global terrestrial average.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Morera-Gómez
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Alejandro Armas-Camejo
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
- Research and Development Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
| | | | - Carlos Manuel Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Esther Lasheras
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
| | - David Widory
- Geotop/Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - David Elustondo
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Medioambiente BIOMA, Pamplona, España
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou XH, Li JJ, Peng PH, He WM. Climate warming impacts chewing Spodoptera litura negatively but sucking Corythucha marmorata positively on native Solidago canadensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171504. [PMID: 38460690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Insect-plant interactions are among importantly ecological processes, and rapid environmental changes such as temperature and resource fluctuations can disrupt long-standing insect-plant interactions. While individual impacts of climate warming, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, and plant provenance on insect-plant interactions are well studied, their joint effects on insect-plant interactions are less explored in ecologically realistic settings. To this end, we performed five experiments with native and invasive Solidago canadensis populations from home and introduced ranges and two insect herbivores (leaf-chewing Spodoptera litura and sap-sucking Corythucha marmorata) in the context of climate warming and N deposition. We determined leaf defensive traits, feeding preference, and insect growth and development, and quantified the possible associations among climate change, host-plant traits, and insect performance with structural equation modeling. First, native S. canadensis populations experienced higher damage by S. litura but lower damage by C. marmorata than invasive S. canadensis populations in the ambient environment. Second, warming decreased the leaf consumption, growth, and survival of S. litura on native S. canadensis populations, but did not affect these traits on invasive S. canadensis populations; warming increased the number of C. marmorata on native S. canadensis populations via direct facilitation, but decreased that on invasive S. canadensis populations via indirect suppression. Third, N addition enhanced the survival of S. litura on native S. canadensis populations, and its feeding preference and leaf consumption on invasive S. canadensis populations. Finally, warming plus N addition exhibited non-additive effects on insect-plant interactions. Based on these results, we tentatively conclude that climate warming could have contrasting effects on insect-plant interactions depending on host-plant provenance and that the effects of atmospheric N deposition on insects might be relatively weak compared to climate warming. Future studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these different patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Ji Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Hao Peng
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape Architecture, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Ming He
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Lin G, Zeng DH. Long-term nitrogen addition modifies fine root growth and vertical distribution by affecting soil nutrient availability in a Mongolian pine plantation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171168. [PMID: 38401734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Fine roots are the primary organ of tree species in water and nutrient acquisition, and are the major contributor of forest soil organic carbon (C). However, it remains largely unknown how fine root growth dynamics and vertical distribution respond to long-term nitrogen (N) enrichment, which prevents us from accurately evaluating forest C sequestration potential under N deposition. Here, we investigated the effects of nine-year N addition (0 and 10 g N m-2 year-1) on fine root nutrients, biomass, production, turnover rate and vertical distribution in three soil layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) of a Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantation in the Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. We found that soil inorganic N was increased and Olsen-P was decreased by N addition. N addition increased fine root N, C:P and N:P ratios, but reduced fine root P and C:N ratio across all soil layers. N addition reduced fine root biomass in 0-10 cm soil layer but increased it in 20-40 cm soil layer. N addition accelerated fine root turnover rate in 0-10 cm soil layer, and increased fine root necromass across all soil layers. Moreover, N addition significantly enhanced biomass of ectomycorrhizal extraradical hyphae in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Redundancy analysis showed that variations of fine root traits were well explained by soil NO3--N in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers, and by soil NH4+-N and Olsen-P in 20-40 cm soil layer. Collectively, our results highlight the shift from N limitation to P limitation of Mongolian pine plantations under long-term N addition, and suggest that changes in fine root growth and vertical distribution induced by N addition could accelerate belowground C allocation in Mongolian pine plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guigang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - De-Hui Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu C, Liu J, Wang J, Ding X. Effects of Short-Term Nitrogen Additions on Biomass and Soil Phytochemical Cycling in Alpine Grasslands of Tianshan, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1103. [PMID: 38674511 PMCID: PMC11054463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The nitrogen deposition process, as an important phenomenon of global climate change and an important link in the nitrogen cycle, has had serious and far-reaching impacts on grassland ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the survival adaptation strategies of plants of different functional groups under nitrogen deposition, and the study identified the following outcomes of differences in biomass changes by conducting in situ simulated nitrogen deposition experiments while integrating plant nutrient contents and soil physicochemical properties: (1) nitrogen addition enhanced the aboveground biomass of grassland communities, in which Poaceae were significantly affected by nitrogen addition. Additionally, nitrogen addition significantly influenced plant total nitrogen and total phosphorus; (2) nitrogen addition improved the plant growth environment, alleviated plant nitrogen limitation, and promoted plant phosphorus uptake; and (3) there was variability in the biomass responses of different functional groups to nitrogen addition. The level of nitrogen addition was the primary factor affecting differences in biomass changes, while nitrogen addition frequency was an important factor affecting changes in plant community structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernández-Guisuraga JM, Ansola G, Pinto R, Marcos E, Calvo L, Sáenz de Miera LE. Resistance of soil bacterial communities from montane heathland ecosystems in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Spain) to a gradient of experimental nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:171079. [PMID: 38373460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on terrestrial ecosystems has become one of the most important drivers of microbial diversity loss on a global scale, and has been reported to alter the soil function of nutrient-poor, montane Calluna vulgaris heathlands in the context of global change. In this work we analyze for the first time the shifts of bacterial communities in response to experimental addition of N in Calluna heathlands as a simulation of atmospheric deposition. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of five N addition treatments (0, 10, 20, and 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for 3-years; and 56 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for 10-years) on the resistance of soil bacterial communities as determined by changes in their composition and alpha and beta diversities. The study was conducted in montane Calluna heathlands at different development stages (young and mature phases) in the southern side of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). Our results evidenced a substantial increase of long-term (10-years) N inputs on soil extractable N-NH4+, particularly in young Calluna stands. The alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities in mature Calluna stands did not show a significant response to experimental N addition, whereas it was significantly higher under long-term chronic N addition (56 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for 10-years) in young Calluna stands. These bacterial community shifts are mainly attributable to a decrease in the dominance of Acidobacteria phylum, the most representative in montane Calluna ecosystems, in favor of copiotrophic taxa such as Actinobacteria or Proteobacteria phyla, favored under increased N availability. Future research should investigate what specific ecosystem functions performed by soil bacterial communities may be sensitive to increased nitrogen depositions, which may have substantial implications for the understanding of montane Calluna ecosystems' stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Gemma Ansola
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Rayo Pinto
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Elena Marcos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Leonor Calvo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luis E Sáenz de Miera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang W, Zhang S, Li A, Yang J, Pang S, Hu Z, Wang Z, Han X, Zhang X. Nitrogen deposition mediates more stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community in the Eurasian steppe. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:778-788. [PMID: 38212459 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental changes may affect community assembly through mediating both deterministic (e.g., competitive exclusion and environmental filtering) and stochastic processes (e.g., birth/death and dispersal/colonization). It is traditionally thought that environmental changes have a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring soil microbial community than aboveground plant community; however, this hypothesis remains largely untested. Here we report an unexpected pattern that nitrogen (N) deposition has a larger mediation effect on stochastic processes in structuring plant community than soil microbial community (those <2 mm in diameter, including archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) in the Eurasian steppe. We performed a ten-year nitrogen deposition experiment in a semiarid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, manipulating nine rates (0-50 g N m-2 per year) at two frequencies (nitrogen added twice or 12 times per year) under two grassland management strategies (fencing or mowing). We separated the compositional variation of plant and soil microbial communities caused by each treatment into the deterministic and stochastic components with a recently-developed method. As nitrogen addition rate increased, the relative importance of stochastic component of plant community first increased and then decreased, while that of soil microbial community first decreased and then increased. On the whole, the relative importance of stochastic component was significantly larger in plant community (0.552±0.035; mean±standard error) than in microbial community (0.427±0.035). Consistently, the proportion of compositional variation explained by the deterministic soil and community indices was smaller for plant community (0.172-0.186) than microbial community (0.240-0.767). Meanwhile, as nitrogen addition rate increased, the linkage between plant and microbial community composition first became weaker and then became stronger. The larger stochasticity in plant community relative to microbial community assembly suggested that more stochastic strategies (e.g., seeds addition) should be adopted to maintain above- than below-ground biodiversity under the pressure of nitrogen deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shuang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zonghao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Du Y, Liu S, Pan J, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Dong Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Wang G, Xu Z. Response of C:N:P stoichiometry to long-term drainage of peatlands: Evidence from plant, soil, and enzyme. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170688. [PMID: 38320702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Drought induced by climate warming and human activities regulates carbon (C) cycling of peatlands by changing plant community composition and soil properties. Estimating the responses of peatlands C cycling to environmental changes requires further study of C: nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometric ratios of soil, plants, and enzyme activities. However, systematic studies on the stoichiometry of above-ground and below-ground ecosystems of peatlands post drainage remain scarce. This study compared stoichimetric ratios of plant and soil and stoichimetric ratios of enzyme activities with different functions in two different parts of a minerotrophic peatland, a natural undisturbed part and a part that had been drained for almost 50 years, in Northern China. For the shrub plants, the average C:N:P ratios of leaf in natural and drained peatland were 448:17:1 and 393:15:1, respectively. This indicated that the growth rate of shrub plants is higher in the drained peatland than in the natural peatland, which makes P element more concentrated in the photosynthetic site. However, from the perspective of the dominant plant, the mean C:N:P ratio of Carex leaf was 650:25:1 in the natural peatland, but was 1028:50:1 for Dasiphora fruticosa in drained peatland. This indicated that the intensification of P-limitation of plant growth after drainage. Soil C:N:P ratios of above water table depth (AWT) were 238:15:1 and 277:12:1, but were 383:17:1 and 404:19:1 for below water table depth (BWT) in the natural and the drained peatland, respectively. Soil C:P ratios were greater than the threshold elemental ratio of C:P (174:1), but the soil C:N ratios were less than the threshold elemental ratio of C:N (23:1), which suggested that P was the most limiting nutrient of soil. The soil microbial activities were co-limited by C&P in Baijianghe peatlands. However, the microbial metabolic P limitation was intensified, but the C limitation was weakened for the above water table depth soil after long-term drainage. There are connection between plant-microbe P limitation in peatlands. The P limitation of microbial metabolism was significant positively correlated with soil C:N but negatively with soil moisture. The increase in the lignocelluloses index suggested considerable decomposition of soil organic matter after peatland drainage. These results of stoichiometric ratios from above- to below ground could provide scientific base for the C cycling of peatland undergone climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains (Xing'an CZO), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingzhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanmin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chiese Academy of Sciences, Changhchun 130102, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paoletti E, Pagano M, Zhang L, Badea O, Hoshika Y. Allocation of Nutrients and Leaf Turnover Rate in Poplar under Ambient and Enriched Ozone Exposure and Soil Nutrient Manipulation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:232. [PMID: 38666844 PMCID: PMC11048010 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
An excess of ozone (O3) is currently stressing plant ecosystems and may negatively affect the nutrient use of plants. Plants may modify leaf turnover rates and nutrient allocation at the organ level to counteract O3 damage. We investigated leaf turnover rate and allocation of primary (C, N, P, K) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, S, Mg) under various O3 treatments (ambient concentration, AA, with a daily hourly average of 35 ppb; 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA) and fertilization levels (N: 0 and 80 kg N ha-1 y-1; P: 0 and 80 kg N ha-1 y-1) in an O3-sensitive poplar clone (Oxford: Populus maximowiczii Henry × P. berolinensis Dippel) in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. The results indicated that both fertilization and O3 had a significant impact on the nutrient content. Specifically, fertilization and O3 increased foliar C and N contents (+5.8% and +34.2%, respectively) and root Ca and Mg contents (+46.3% and +70.2%, respectively). Plants are known to increase the content of certain elements to mitigate the damage caused by high levels of O3. The leaf turnover rate was accelerated as a result of increased O3 exposure, indicating that O3 plays a main role in influencing this physiological parameter. A PCA result showed that O3 fumigation affected the overall allocation of primary and secondary elements depending on the organ (leaves, stems, roots). As a conclusion, such different patterns of element allocation in plant leaves in response to elevated O3 levels can have significant ecological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mario Pagano
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Ovidiu Badea
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry ‘Marin Drăcea’, 128, Eroilor Bvd., 077190 Voluntari, Romania;
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University, 1, Ludwig van Beethoven Street, 500123 Brasov, Romania
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (E.P.); (Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Xiang X, Yang T, Liu X, Ma Y, Zhang K, Liu X, Chu H. Nitrogen fertilization reduces plant diversity by changing the diversity and stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170775. [PMID: 38331277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities poses threats to ecosystem stability by reducing plant and microbial diversity. However, the role of soil microbes, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as mediators of N-induced shifts in plant diversity remains unclear. In this study, we conducted 6 and 11 years of N addition field experiments in a temperate steppe to investigate AMF richness and network stability and their associations with plant species richness in response to N deposition. The N fertilization, especially in the 11 years of N addition, profoundly decreased the AMF richness and plant species richness. Furthermore, N fertilization significantly decreased the AMF network complexity and stability, with these effects becoming more enhanced with the increase in N addition duration. AMF richness and network stability showed positive associations with plant diversity, and these associations were stronger after 11 than 6 years of N addition. Our findings suggest that N deposition may lead to plant diversity loss via a reduction of AMF richness and network stability, with these effects strengthened over time. This study provides a better understanding of plant-AMF interactions and their response to the prevailing global N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingjia Xiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKL-NUM), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhuang W, Li Y, Kang X, Yan L, Zhang X, Yan Z, Zhang K, Yang A, Niu Y, Yu X, Wang H, An M, Che R. Changes in soil oxidase activity induced by microbial life history strategies mediate the soil heterotrophic respiration response to drought and nitrogen enrichment. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1375300. [PMID: 38559350 PMCID: PMC10978626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1375300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen deposition are two major climate challenges, which can change the soil microbial community composition and ecological strategy and affect soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh). However, the combined effects of microbial community composition, microbial life strategies, and extracellular enzymes on the dynamics of Rh under drought and nitrogen deposition conditions remain unclear. Here, we experimented with an alpine swamp meadow to simulate drought (50% reduction in precipitation) and multilevel addition of nitrogen to determine the interactive effects of microbial community composition, microbial life strategy, and extracellular enzymes on Rh. The results showed that drought significantly reduced the seasonal mean Rh by 40.07%, and increased the Rh to soil respiration ratio by 22.04%. Drought significantly altered microbial community composition. The ratio of K- to r-selected bacteria (BK:r) and fungi (FK:r) increased by 20 and 91.43%, respectively. Drought increased hydrolase activities but decreased oxidase activities. However, adding N had no significant effect on microbial community composition, BK:r, FK:r, extracellular enzymes, or Rh. A structural equation model showed that the effects of drought and adding nitrogen via microbial community composition, microbial life strategy, and extracellular enzymes explained 84% of the variation in Rh. Oxidase activities decreased with BK:r, but increased with FK:r. Our findings show that drought decreased Rh primarily by inhibiting oxidase activities, which is induced by bacterial shifts from the r-strategy to the K-strategy. Our results highlight that the indirect regulation of drought on the carbon cycle through the dynamic of bacterial and fungal life history strategy should be considered for a better understanding of how terrestrial ecosystems respond to future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Zhuang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongqing Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Kerou Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuechuan Niu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshun Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Wetland Research Center, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Beijing, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Mars H, van Dijk G, van der Weijden B, Grootjans AP, Wołejko L, Farr G, Graham J, Oosterlynck P, Smolders AJP. The threat of groundwater pollution for petrifying springs; defining nutrient threshold values for an endangered bryophyte dominated habitat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123324. [PMID: 38237849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication by human activities is increasingly affecting ecosystem functioning and plant community composition. So far, studies mainly focus on the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition, surface water eutrophication or soil nutrient accumulation. Groundwater pollution of spring habitats, however, has received much less attention, although numerous papers report groundwater nutrient enrichment worldwide. This study presents a survey on groundwater pollution (with emphasis on nitrate and phosphate) and bryophyte composition in 51 ambient petrifying springs in 5 NW European countries, which were compared to published data from 173 other sites in 11 European countries. The reviewed dataset covers a broad range of unpolluted to heavily polluted springs with nitrate concentrations between 0.7 and 3227 μmol l-1. Most petrifying springs in the rural lowlands of NW Europe were found to have elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate with the most polluted springs occurring in The Netherlands. The cover of individual characteristic bryophyte species significantly correlates with groundwater nutrient concentrations indicating that nutrient pollution of spring waters affects bryophyte composition. Palustriella commutata, Eucladium verticillatum and Brachythecium rivulare prefer unpolluted petrifying springs whereas Cratoneuron filicinum and Pellia endiviifolia show a much broader tolerance to groundwater pollution. In order to sustain at least the basic conditions for the typical bryophyte composition of petrifying springs habitats, threshold values of 288 μmol (18 mg l-1) NO3- l-1 and 0.42 μmol (0.04 mg l-1) ortho-PO43- l-1 were defined. Data analysis of the spring water composition indicates that the main source for nutrient and nutrient induced base cation enrichment are nitrate losses from intensively used agricultural fields. The anthropogenically induced but regionally different chemical processes in subsoil and aquifers can result in different levels of nutrient pollution in springs. Further regulations for nitrate and phosphate application are required to conserve and restore groundwater fed ecosystems in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans de Mars
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Dijk
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bas van der Weijden
- Royal HaskoningDHV, P.O. Box 302, 6199 ZN, Maastricht-Airport, the Netherlands
| | - Ab P Grootjans
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environmental and Society, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 6, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lesław Wołejko
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Slowackiego 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Gareth Farr
- British Geological Survey, Cardiff University Main Building, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Graham
- 2 Cross Road, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, PE7 1LX, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Oosterlynck
- Instituut Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, Havenlaan 88, P.O. Box 73, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Alfons J P Smolders
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, P.O. Box 6558, 6503 GB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang P, Huang M, Chen C, Hu K, Ke J, Liu M, Xiao Y, Liu X. Contrasting roles of fungal and oomycete pathogens in mediating nitrogen addition and winter grazing effects on biomass. Ecology 2024; 105:e4254. [PMID: 38272568 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Both bottom-up and top-down processes modulate plant communities. Fungal and oomycete pathogens are most common in global grasslands, and due to differences in their physiology, function, host range, and life cycles, they may differentially affect plants (in both intensity and direction). However, how fungal and oomycete pathogens regulate bottom-up and top-down effects on plant community biomass remains unclear. To this end, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in an alpine meadow incorporating mammalian herbivore exclosure, fungicide/oomyceticide application, and nitrogen addition treatments. We arranged 12 blocks with half randomly assigned to be mammalian herbivore exclosures (fenced to exclude grazing sheep), and the other half were fenced most of the year but not in winter (winter grazing control). Six 2.5 × 2.5 m square plots were established in each block, with each of the six plots assigned as control, nitrogen addition, fungicide application, oomyceticide application, nitrogen addition + fungicide application, and nitrogen addition + oomyceticide application. We found that fungicide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) under nitrogen addition and promoted the bottom-up effect of nitrogen addition on plant community biomass by altering the community-weighted mean of plant height (via species turnover). Meanwhile, oomyceticide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) when mammalian herbivores were excluded and weakened the top-down effect of winter grazing on plant community biomass by driving intraspecific variation in plant height. Our results highlight that fungal and oomycete pathogens play important (but differing) roles in mediating the effects of nutrient availability and higher trophic levels on plant community biomass. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that plant pathogen-related modulation of plant community biomass is achieved by alterations to plant height. Overall, this study combines both community and disease ecology to reveal complex interactions among higher trophic levels and their potential impacts on terrestrial ecosystem functioning under human disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin X, Zhu J, Wei X, Xiao Q, Xiao J, Jiang L, Xu D, Shen C, Liu J, He Z. Adaptation Strategies of Seedling Root Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38498541 PMCID: PMC10892864 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global nitrogen deposition levels has heightened the inhibitory impact of phosphorus limitation on plant growth in subtropical forests. Plant roots area particularly sensitive tissue to nitrogen and phosphorus elements. Changes in the morphological characteristics of plant roots signify alterations in adaptive strategies. However, our understanding of resource-use strategies of roots in this environment remains limited. In this study, we conducted a 10-month experiment at the Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve to evaluate the response of traits of seedling roots (such as specific root length, average diameter, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content) to nitrogen and phosphorus addition. The aim was to reveal the adaptation strategies of roots in different nitrogen and phosphorus addition concentrations. The results showed that: (1) The single phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus interaction addition increased the specific root length, surface area, and root phosphorus content. In addition, single nitrogen addition promotes an increase in the average root diameter. (2) Non-nitrogen phosphorus addition and single nitrogen addition tended to adopt a conservative resource-use strategy to maintain growth under low phosphorus conditions. (3) Under the single phosphorus addition and interactive addition of phosphorus and nitrogen, the roots adopted an acquisitive resource-use strategy to obtain more available phosphorus resources. Accordingly, the adaptation strategy of seedling roots can be regulated by adding appropriate concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus, thereby promoting the natural regeneration of subtropical forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianru Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daowei Xu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caixia Shen
- School of Economics and Management, Sanming University, Sanming 365000, China;
| | - Jinfu Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongsheng He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu T, Song Y, Tissue D, Su W, Luo H, Li X, Yang S, Liu X, Yan J, Huang J, Liu J. Photosynthetic and biochemical responses of four subtropical tree seedlings to reduced dry season and increased wet season precipitation and variable N deposition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad114. [PMID: 37756634 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific variations in phenotypic plasticity of trees that are affected by climate change may alter the ecosystem function of forests. Seedlings of four common tree species (Castanopsis fissa, Michelia macclurei, Dalbergia odorifera and Ormosia pinnata) in subtropical plantations of southern China were grown in the field under rainout shelters and subjected to changing precipitation (48 L of water every 4 days in the dry season, 83 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 4 g m-2 year-1 of nitrogen (N)), low N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 8 g m-2 year-1 N), high N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 10 g m-2 year-1 N) and their interactive effects. We found that the changes in seasonal precipitation reduced the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) for C. fissa due to declining area-based foliar N concentrations (Na). However, we also found that the interactive effects of changing precipitation and N deposition enhanced Asat for C. fissa by increasing foliar Na concentrations, suggesting that N deposition could alleviate N limitations associated with changing precipitation. Altered precipitation and high N deposition reduced Asat for D. odorifera by decreasing the maximum electron transport rate for RuBP regeneration (Jmax) and maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax). Ormosia pinnata under high N deposition exhibited increasing Asat due to higher stomatal conductance and Vcmax. The growth of D. odorifera might be inhibited by changes in seasonal precipitation and N deposition, while O. pinnata may benefit from increasing N deposition in future climates. Our study provides an important insight into the selection of tree species with high capacity to tolerate changing precipitation and N deposition in subtropical plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu J, Zhong J. Landscape evolution in China's key ecological function zones during 1990-2015. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2655. [PMID: 38302526 PMCID: PMC10834530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Landscape evolution has profound effects on ecosystems. Recently, some studies suggest that China has implemented plans leading in the greening of the world by mainly describing the changes based on satellite data. However, few studies have analyzed the policy effect on ecosystem improvement from the perspective of landscape pattern evolution. Among the numerous ecological policy plans, China's key ecological function zones plan is an important one. In this study, we focus on depicting the long-term and large-scale landscape evolution in China's key ecological function zones, which are accounting for 40.2% of China's land area, and include four-type ecoregions where ecosystems are fragile or important, to comprehensively explore the environmental influences of policy planning. For this purpose, we first described the landscape composition changes and conversion mechanisms in China's key ecological function zones from 1990 to 2015. Then we captured the detailed pattern evolution characteristics by landscape indices. The results show that these ecoregions were mostly evolving in an unfavorable direction in these 25 years, i.e. destruction of habitats and increment of fragmentation. Although greening areas increased based on other recent researches, the landscape pattern became worse, indicating it is necessary for the detailed analysis of landscape ecology and more accurate ecological planning. We also found the deterioration of the ecological environment had been uncharacteristically stopped or even improved in wind prevention and sand fixation ecoregions and biodiversity maintenance ecoregions after the implementation of this plan. Furthermore, we assumed that the policy is more prominent in these prohibiting sabotages and protecting areas with fragile ecological bases, which may be caused by the differentiated transfer payments in different ecoregions. Finally, some planning suggestions, such as stricter land use control, the regional balance of ecological transfer payments and deepening of ecological migration policies, etc., were proposed for promoting better future environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Liu
- China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, 267 North Fourth Ring Middle Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Mapping and Land Information Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mekhrovar O, Li YM, Abdullo M, Sino Y, Fan L. Nutrient addition alters plant community productivity but not the species diversity of a mountain meadow in Tajikistan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1235388. [PMID: 38288411 PMCID: PMC10822985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tajikistan is a typical mountainous country covered by different mountain grasslands that are important pasture resources. Recently, grassland degradation has become widespread due to climate change and human activities and fertilization has been used to improve grassland production. However, fertilizer inputs can substantially alter species diversity, but it is uncl\ear how productivity and species diversity respond to nutrient enrichment in the mountain meadows of Tajikistan. Methods Therefore, a 5-year (2018-2022) continuous in-situ mineral fertilizer experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three nitrogen (N) levels (0, 30, and 90 kg N ha-1 year-1), two phosphorus (P) levels (0 and 30 kg P ha-1 year-1), and their combinations on above-ground biomass (AGB) and species diversity in a mountain meadow grassland in Ziddi, Varzob region, Tajikistan. Five species diversity metrics-Margalef's species richness (Dma), the Shannon-Wiener index (H), the Simpson index (C), Pielou's equitability index (Epi), and the Evar Species Evenness index (Evar)-were used to measure species diversity. Results and discussions The results indicated that the addition of different N and P amounts and their various combinations considerably increased both total and dominant species AGB, with the highest increase occurring in the N90P30 (90 kg N ha-1 year-1 combined with 30 kg P ha-1 year-1) treatment in 2022; during the experiment, the importance value of Prangos pabularia (dominant species) first decreased and then increased, but its dominant status did not change or fluctuate among the years. Furthermore, N, P, and their different combinations had no significant effect on species diversity (Dma, H, C, Epi, and Evar). All the species diversity indexes fluctuated among years, but there was no interaction with mineral fertilizer addition. Total AGB had a negative relationship with species diversity and low concentration N fertilizer addition (N30; P30) strengthened this negative trend. However, this trend decreased under the high N fertilizer condition (N90P30). Overall, nutrient addition to the natural mountain grassland of the Varzob region improved AGB, which meant that there was more forage for local animals. Mineral fertilizers had no significant effect on species diversity, but may enhance P. pabularia dominance in the future, which will help maintain the stability of the plant community and improve the quality of the forage because P. pabularia is an excellent and important winter fodder. Our study suggests that scientific nutrient management could effectively promote grassland production, conserve plant variety, and regenerate degraded grassland, which will counteract the desertification process in northwest Tajikistan mountain meadows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okhonniyozov Mekhrovar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Madaminov Abdullo
- Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Yusupov Sino
- Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Lianlian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He S, Du J, Wang Y, Cui L, Liu W, Xiao Y, Ran Q, Li L, Zhang Z, Tang L, Hu R, Hao Y, Cui X, Xue K. Differences in background environment and fertilization method mediate plant response to nitrogen fertilization in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167272. [PMID: 37774870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Grassland degradation threatens ecosystem function and livestock production, partly induced by soil nutrient deficiency due to the lack of nutrient return to soils, which is largely ascribed to the intense grazing activities. Therefore, nitrogen (N) fertilization has been widely adopted to restore degraded Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) grasslands. Despite numerous field manipulation studies investigating its effects on alpine grasslands, the patterns and thresholds of plant response to N fertilization remain unclear, thus hindering the prediction of its influences on the regional scale. Here, we established a random forest model to predict N fertilization effects on plant productivity based on a meta-analysis synthesizing 88 publications in QTP grasslands. Our results showed that N fertilization increased the aboveground biomass (AGB) by 46.51 %, varying wildly among plant functional groups. The positive fertilization effects intensified when the N fertilization rate increased to 272 kg ha-1 yr-1, and decreased after three years of continuous fertilization. These effects were more substantial when applying ammonium nitrate compared to urea. Further, a machine learning model was used to predict plant productivity response to N fertilization. The total explained variance and mean squared residuals ranged from 49.41 to 75.13 % and 0.011-0.058, respectively, both being the highest for grasses. The crucial predictors were identified as climatic and geographic factors, background AGB without N fertilization, and fertilization methods (i.e., rate, form, and duration). These predictors with easy access contributed 62.47 % of the prediction power of grasses' response, thus enhancing the generalizability and replicability of our model. Notably, if 30 % of yak dung is returned to soils on the QTP, the grassland productivity and plant carbon pool are predicted to increase by 5.90-6.51 % and 9.35-10.31 g C m-2 yr -1, respectively. Overall, the predictions of this study based on literature synthesis enhance our understanding of plant responses to N fertilization in QTP grasslands, thereby providing helpful information for grassland management policies. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun He
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lizhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zuopei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ronghai Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kai Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou 256606, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan Y, Oduor AMO, Li F, Xie Y, Liu Y. Opposite effects of nutrient enrichment and an invasive snail on the growth of invasive and native macrophytes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2737. [PMID: 36104847 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many ecosystems are now co-invaded by alien plant and herbivore species. The evolutionary naivety of native plants to alien herbivores can make the plants more susceptible to the detrimental effects of herbivory than co-occurring invasive plants, in accordance with the apparent competition hypothesis. Moreover, the invasional meltdown hypothesis predicts that in multiply invaded ecosystems, invasive species can facilitate each other's impacts on native communities. Although there is growing empirical support for these hypotheses, facilitative interactions between invasive plants and herbivores remain underexplored in aquatic ecosystems. Many freshwater ecosystems are co-invaded by aquatic macrophytes and mollusks and simultaneously experience nutrient enrichment. However, the interactive effects of these ecological processes on native macrophyte communities remain an underexplored area. To test these effects, we performed a freshwater mesocosm experiment in which we grew a synthetic native community of three macrophyte species under two levels of invasion by an alien macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (invasion vs. no invasion) and fully crossed with two levels of nutrient enrichment (enrichment vs. no enrichment) and herbivory by an invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata (herbivory vs. no herbivory). In line with the invasional meltdown and apparent competition hypotheses, we found that the proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte, relative to that of the native macrophyte community, was significantly greater in the presence of the invasive herbivore. Evidence of a reciprocal facilitative effect of the invasive macrophyte on the invasive herbivore is provided by results showing that the herbivore produced greater egg biomass in the presence versus in the absence of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment reduced the mean proportional aboveground biomass yield of the invasive macrophyte. Our results suggested that herbivory by invader P. canaliculata may enhance the invasiveness of M. aquaticum. However, nutrient enrichment of habitats that already harbor M. aquaticum may slow down the invasive spread of the macrophyte. Broadly, our study underscores the significance of considering several factors and their interactions when assessing the impact of invasive species, especially considering that many habitats experience co-invasion by plants and herbivores and simultaneously undergo various other disturbances, including nutrient enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Feng Li
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Saccò M, Mammola S, Altermatt F, Alther R, Bolpagni R, Brancelj A, Brankovits D, Fišer C, Gerovasileiou V, Griebler C, Guareschi S, Hose GC, Korbel K, Lictevout E, Malard F, Martínez A, Niemiller ML, Robertson A, Tanalgo KC, Bichuette ME, Borko Š, Brad T, Campbell MA, Cardoso P, Celico F, Cooper SJB, Culver D, Di Lorenzo T, Galassi DMP, Guzik MT, Hartland A, Humphreys WF, Ferreira RL, Lunghi E, Nizzoli D, Perina G, Raghavan R, Richards Z, Reboleira ASPS, Rohde MM, Fernández DS, Schmidt SI, van der Heyde M, Weaver L, White NE, Zagmajster M, Hogg I, Ruhi A, Gagnon MM, Allentoft ME, Reinecke R. Groundwater is a hidden global keystone ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17066. [PMID: 38273563 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is a vital ecosystem of the global water cycle, hosting unique biodiversity and providing essential services to societies. Despite being the largest unfrozen freshwater resource, in a period of depletion by extraction and pollution, groundwater environments have been repeatedly overlooked in global biodiversity conservation agendas. Disregarding the importance of groundwater as an ecosystem ignores its critical role in preserving surface biomes. To foster timely global conservation of groundwater, we propose elevating the concept of keystone species into the realm of ecosystems, claiming groundwater as a keystone ecosystem that influences the integrity of many dependent ecosystems. Our global analysis shows that over half of land surface areas (52.6%) has a medium-to-high interaction with groundwater, reaching up to 74.9% when deserts and high mountains are excluded. We postulate that the intrinsic transboundary features of groundwater are critical for shifting perspectives towards more holistic approaches in aquatic ecology and beyond. Furthermore, we propose eight key themes to develop a science-policy integrated groundwater conservation agenda. Given ecosystems above and below the ground intersect at many levels, considering groundwater as an essential component of planetary health is pivotal to reduce biodiversity loss and buffer against climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saccò
- Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), National Research Council, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Alther
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossano Bolpagni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anton Brancelj
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department for Environmental Science, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - David Brankovits
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), National Research Council, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vasilis Gerovasileiou
- Faculty of Environment, Department of Environment, Ionian University, Zakynthos, Greece
- Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Thalassocosmos, Institute of Marine Biology, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Estación Biologica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Grant C Hose
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Korbel
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Lictevout
- International Groundwater Resources Assessment Center (IGRAC), Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Malard
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), National Research Council, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Anne Robertson
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Krizler C Tanalgo
- Ecology and Conservation Research Laboratory (Eco/Con Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Maria Elina Bichuette
- Laboratory of Subterranean Studies (LES), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Špela Borko
- SubBio Lab, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Traian Brad
- Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Matthew A Campbell
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fulvio Celico
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Steven J B Cooper
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Culver
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems of the National Research Council of Italy (IRET CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Diana M P Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michelle T Guzik
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Hartland
- Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Ruakura, Kirikiriroa, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - William F Humphreys
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Enrico Lunghi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniele Nizzoli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Perina
- Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rajeev Raghavan
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Zoe Richards
- Coral Conservation and Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Melissa M Rohde
- Rohde Environmental Consulting, LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Susanne I Schmidt
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mieke van der Heyde
- Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Weaver
- Water & Environment Group, Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicole E White
- Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology (SuRGE) Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maja Zagmajster
- SubBio Lab, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ian Hogg
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada
| | - Albert Ruhi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marthe M Gagnon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Reinecke
- Institute of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao M, Loreau M, Ochoa-Hueso R, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Han X. Decoupled responses of above- and below-ground beta-diversity to nitrogen enrichment in a typical steppe. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14339. [PMID: 38037734 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we do not know whether the effects of N on above-ground plant β-diversity are coupled with changes occurring in the soil seed bank. We conducted a long-term N-addition experiment in a typical steppe and found that above-ground β-diversity increased and then decreased with increasing N addition, whereas below-ground β-diversity decreased linearly. This suggests decoupled dynamics of plant communities and their soil seed bank under N enrichment. Species substitution determined above- and below-ground β-diversity change via an increasing role of deterministic processes with N addition. These effects were mostly driven by differential responses of the above-ground vegetation and the soil seed bank β-diversities to N-induced changes in environmental heterogeneity, increased soil inorganic N concentrations and soil acidification. Our findings highlight the importance of considering above- and below-ground processes simultaneously for effectively conserving grassland ecosystems under N enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Moulis, France
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heyong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Taylor CR, England LC, Keane JB, Davies JAC, Leake JR, Hartley IP, Smart SM, Janes-Bassett V, Phoenix GK. Elevated CO 2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus-limited grasslands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17104. [PMID: 38273555 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Globally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P-limited grasslands. We exposed soil-turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m-2 year-1 ) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m-2 year-1 ) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2 , N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2 -nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co-occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P-acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P-limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P-acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Taylor
- Soil and Ecosystem Ecology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke C England
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Ben Keane
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Jonathan R Leake
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Victoria Janes-Bassett
- Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gareth K Phoenix
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen H, Dong S, DiTommaso A, Westbrook AS, Li S, Zheng H, Zhi Y, Zuo H, Wang Q, Liu J. Physiological factors contribute to increased competitiveness of grass relative to sedge, forb and legume species under different N application levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167466. [PMID: 37788779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In alpine grasslands, increased N deposition is increasing the dominance of grasses relative to other functional types according to our previous study Shen et al. (2022). However, the mechanisms that drive this compositional change are not fully understood. We measured the effects of 4-6 years' N addition to simulate N deposition at rates of 0 (CK), 8 (N1), 24 (N2), 40 (N3), 56 (N4), and 72 (N5) kg N ha-1 year-1 on dominant representatives of four functional types, Leymus secalinus (grass), Carex capillifolia (sedge), Potentilla multifidi (non-leguminous forb), and Medicago ruthenica (legume), in the alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In-situ experiment showed that N addition increased aboveground biomass in L. secalinus but had negative or neutral effects on aboveground biomass in the other species. Consistent with this finding, N addition increased net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and rubisco activity in L. secalinus with less positive effects on the other species. Nitrogen addition increased leaf N content in L. secalinus and C. capillifolia and reduced leaf non-structural carbohydrate content in all four species. In L. secalinus, the highest N addition rate (N5) reduced MDA content, a marker of oxidative stress, by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Overall, our findings suggested that physiological factors can contribute to increased competitiveness of grass relative to sedge, forb and legume species under high N application levels. The rapid growth of this grass species reduces resource availability to non-grass species, increasing its dominance in the alpine meadow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| | - Antonio DiTommaso
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Anna S Westbrook
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Hanzhong Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yangliu Zhi
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiong Y, Oduor AMO, Zhao C. Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2903. [PMID: 37347236 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity are two mechanisms that often underlie invasiveness of alien plant species, but whether they can co-occur within invasive plant populations under altered environmental conditions such as nitrogen (N) enrichment has seldom been explored. Latitudinal clines in plant trait responses to variation in environmental factors may provide evidence of local adaptation. Here, we inferred the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to the performance of the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different soil N levels, using a common garden approach. We grew A. artemisiifolia individuals raised from seeds that were sampled from six invasive populations along a wide latitudinal cline in China (23°42' N to 45°43' N) under three N (0, 5, and 10 g N m-2 ) levels in a common garden. Results show significant interpopulation genetic differentiation in plant height, number of branches, total biomass, and transpiration rate of the invader A. artemisiifolia across the N treatments. The populations also expressed genetic differentiation in basal diameter, growth rate, leaf area, seed width, root biomass, aboveground biomass, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration regardless of N treatments. Moreover, plants from different populations of the invader displayed plastic responses in time to first flower, hundred-grain weight, net photosynthetic rate, and relative biomass allocation to roots and shoots and seed length under different N treatments. Additionally, individuals of A. artemisiifolia from higher latitudes grew shorter and allocated less biomass to the roots regardless of N treatment, while latitudinal cline (or lack thereof) in other traits depended on the level of N in which the plants were grown. Overall, these results suggest that rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the various traits that we quantified may jointly contribute to invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia under different levels of N availability. More broadly, the results support the idea that phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution can jointly enable invasive plants to colonize a wide range of environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sheng X, Qiying C, Shifeng S, Liu Yizhen, Bicai G, Lan W, Gang G. The trait co-variation regulates the response of bryophytes to nitrogen deposition: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122739. [PMID: 37852313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen deposition has the potential to alter the trait composition of plant communities by affecting the fitness and physiological adaptation of species, consequently exerting an influence on ecosystem processes. Despite the importance of bryophytes in nutrient and carbon dynamics across different ecosystems, there is a lack of research examining the relationship between nitrogen deposition and the co-variation of bryophyte traits. To address this gap, a meta-analysis was conducted using data from 27 independent studies to investigate potential associations between trait co-variation of bryophytes and nitrogen deposition. The results revealed that interspecific variability regulates the influence of nitrogen deposition on bryophytes by affecting trait co-variation. Multiple correspondence analysis identified six combinations of closely related traits. For example, species with unbranched main stems frequently exhibit robust leaf midribs, leading to leaf wrinkling and leaf clasping around the stem as a response to water loss. Some weft or mat species tend to obtain resources (nitrogen) through their scale hairs on the main stem. Some species with narrow leaves require leaf teeth to maintain a normal leaf shape. The subgroup analyses indicated that certain traits, including unbranched main stem, changes in leaf morphology, robust leaf midrib, main stem without scale hairs, narrow leaf, leaf margin with teeth, undeveloped apophysis, and erect capsule minimize interaction with pollutants and represent a resource strategy. Conversely, functional traits representing a resource acquisition strategy, such as branched main stem, no changes in leaf morphology, short and weak leaf midrib, main stem with scale hairs, broad leaf, leaf margin without teeth, developed apophysis, and non-erect capsule increase pollutant exposure. Overall, our results suggest that anthropogenic global change may significantly impact bryophytes due to changes in their individual physiology and colony ecological indicators caused by increased nitrogen deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Cai Qiying
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Sun Shifeng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liu Yizhen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Guan Bicai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wu Lan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ge Gang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kaltenegger K, Bai Z, Dragosits U, Fan X, Greinert A, Guéret S, Suchowska-Kisielewicz M, Winiwarter W, Zhang L, Zhou F. Urban nitrogen budgets: Evaluating and comparing the path of nitrogen through cities for improved management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166827. [PMID: 37683870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) released to the environment is a cause of multiple environmental threats. While Nr flows are often only analyzed in an agricultural context, consumption and emission takes place in the urban environment, and opportunities for Nr recycling and effective policy implementation for mitigation often appear in cities. Since little information is available on the bigger picture of Nr flows through the urban environment, these opportunities often remain unexploited. Here we developed a framework to model Nr pathways through urban and surrounding areas, which we applied to four test areas (Beijing and Shijiazhuang (China), Vienna (Austria), and Zielona Góra (Poland)). Using indicators such as recycling rates and Nr surplus, we estimated environmental risks and recycling potentials based on Nr flows and their entry and exit points. Our findings show marked differences between the core and surrounding areas of each city, with the former being a site of Nr consumption with largest flows associated with households, and the latter a site of (agricultural) production with largest flows associated with industry (fertilizers) and urban plants. As a result, Nr transgresses the core areas in a rather linear manner with only 0-5 % being re-used, with inputs from Nr contained in food and fuels and outputs most commonly as non-reactive N2 emissions to the atmosphere from wastewater treatment and combustion processes. While the peri-urban areas show a higher Nr recycling rate (6-14 %), Nr accumulation and emissions from cultivated land pose significant environmental challenges, indicating the need for mitigation measures. We found potential to increase nitrogen use efficiency through improved Nr management on cultivated areas and to increase Nr recycling using urine and sewage sludge as synthetic fertilizer substitutes. Hence our framework for urban nitrogen budgets not only allows for consistent budgeting but helps identify common patterns, potentially harmful flows and Nr recycling potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kaltenegger
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ulrike Dragosits
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Xiangwen Fan
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Andrzej Greinert
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Samuel Guéret
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xie H, Chen Y, Zhu X, Bouazza A, Yan H. Numerical simulation of different pollutant control measures around an old landfill contaminated site: A field scale study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119350. [PMID: 37866188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of contaminated soils is a great challenge for global environmental sciences and engineering. The landfill was a kind of infrastructure to deal with waste from different sources while it would also cause the threat to groundwater. Cut-off walls and pumping wells were usually applied in the landfill to prevent the spread of pollutants to wider areas. However, the combination of using both of methods was rarely analyzed, especially using field data for calibrating and fitting groundwater flow and pollutant transport. 7 monitoring wells were arranged in the study area to survey the subsurface seepage. The pollution monitoring was carried out for a period of 50 days, covering 31 types of inorganic and organic pollutants. The concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was 556.7 times greater than the standard concentration. A coupled numerical model of groundwater flow and pollutant transport was developed to assess the effectiveness of various control methods. Three options were tested, including the implementation of a single cut-off wall as well as a combination of a cut-off wall and a pumping well, for preventing the discharge of pollutants from landfills. The combination of a cut-off wall and a pumping well is the best strategy for removal of TCP. The combination approaches lead to a reduction of pollution plumes by a factor of 11 compared to the case without pollution control measures. The research findings may provide a basis and reference for the application of cutoff walls and pumping well in landfill sites or contaminated groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China
| | - Xianghong Zhu
- Zhejiang Institute of Architectural Science & Design Co.Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Abdelmalek Bouazza
- Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou 310007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yan T, Wang L, Wang P, Zhong T. Stability in the leaf functional traits of understory herbaceous species after 12-yr of nitrogen addition in temperate larch plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282884. [PMID: 38116147 PMCID: PMC10728480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits play critical roles in plant functioning. Although the functional traits of overstory trees have been extensively studied, minimal research has been conducted regarding understory species, despite the understory layer is an important component of temperate forests. Such insufficiency limit the broader understanding of processes and functions in forest ecosystems, particularly when under the increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, we investigated the responses of 18 leaf functional traits in six understory herbaceous species within young and mature stands (three species per stand) in larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations that subjected to 12 years of anthropogenic N addition. We found that N addition did not significantly impact the photosynthetic traits of understory herbaceous species in either stand; it only led to increased chlorophyll content in Geum aleppicum Jacq. Similarly, with the exception of decreases in the predawn leaf water potential of Sanguisorba officinalis L., N addition did not significantly affect leaf hydraulic traits. With the exception of changes to adaxial epidermis thickness in Potentilla chinensis Ser. (decreased) and G. aleppicum (increased), N addition had negligible effects on leaf anatomical traits and specific leaf area, however, interspecific variations in the plasticity of leaf anatomical traits were observed. Stable responses to N addition were also observed for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (soluble sugars and starch), with the exception of Polygonum divaricatum L., which exhibited increases in NSC. Overall, our results suggest that the functional traits of understory herbaceous species exhibit stability under conditions of long-term N enrichment in temperate plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu N, Liu F, Sun Z, Wang Z, Yang L. Nitrogen addition changes the canopy biological characteristics of dominant tree species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:165914. [PMID: 37524183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the impact of nitrogen deposition on plants, but due to technical limitations, research on the responses of forest canopy to manipulated nitrogen deposition is relatively scarce. Based on a canopy nitrogen addition (CN) platform, this study used laboratory analysis and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations to assess the impact of CN on the canopy traits of dominant tree species (Engelhardia roxburghiana, Schima superba, and Castanea henryi) in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. The results showed that nitrogen application at 25 kg N ha-1 y-1 (CN25) and 50 kg N ha-1 y-1 (CN50) significantly increased the actual net photosynthetic rate (An) of all the three tree species. CN25 significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities in C. henryi. CN50 significantly increased the leaf area of all the three tree species and significantly reduced the leaf thickness of C. henryi, and significantly increased the POD and Rubisco activities in S. superba and C. henryi. CN significantly changed the number of forest gaps, but did not significantly change the area of forest gaps within the sample plots. CN25 significantly decreased the vertical projection area but increased the canopy flowering coverage of S. superba in dominant directions. CN25 and CN50 significantly increased the flowering coverage of C. henryi in favorable directions. It is found that under long-term (10-year) nitrogen addition, the balance between carbon fixation and antioxidant defense functions of E. roxburghiana may be broken down, but the carbon assimilation, antioxidant capacity and reproduction potential of S. superba and C. henryi may be well coordinated, which will have a potential impact on the species composition and ecological functions of the evergreen broad-leaved forest. This study may also provide scientific basis for forest management in the context of enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi WJ, Park HJ, Baek N, In Yang H, Kwak JH, Lee SI, Park SW, Shin ES, Lim SS. Patterns of δ 15N in forest soils and tree foliage and rings between climate zones in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165866. [PMID: 37516182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The stable nitrogen (N) isotope ratio (δ15N) of forest samples (soils, tree foliage, and tree rings) has been used as a powerful indicator to explore the responses of forest N cycling to atmospheric N deposition. This review investigated the patterns of δ15N in forest samples between climate zones in relation to N deposition. Forest samples exhibited distinctive δ15N patterns between climate zones due to differences in site conditions (i.e., N availability and retention capacity) and the atmospheric N deposition characteristics (i.e., N deposition rate, N species, and δ15N of deposited N). For example, the δ15N of soil and foliage was higher for tropical forests than for other forests by >1.2 ‰ and 4 ‰, respectively due to the site conditions favoring N losses coupled with relatively low N deposition for tropical forests. This was further supported by the unchanged or increased δ15N of tree rings in tropical forests, which contrasts with other climate zones that exhibited a decreased wood δ15N since the 1920s. Subtropical forests under a high deposition of reduced N (NHy) had a lower δ15N by 2-5 ‰ in the organic layer compared with the other forests, reflecting high retention of 15N-depleted NHy deposition. At severely polluted sites in East Asia, the decreased δ15N in wood also reflected the consistent deposition of 15N-depleted NHy. Though our data analysis represents only a subset of global forest sites where atmospheric N deposition is of interest, the results suggest that the direction and magnitude of the changes in the δ15N of forest samples are related to both atmospheric N and site conditions particularly for tropical vs. subtropical forests. Site-specific information on the atmospheric N deposition characteristics would allow more accurate assessment of the variations in the δ15N of forest samples in relation to N deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Crop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Baek
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Lee
- Climate Change Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Park
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Shin
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Lim
- Bio R&D Center, CJ Cheiljedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Roy F, Ibayev O, Arnstadt T, Bässler C, Borken W, Groß C, Hoppe B, Hossen S, Kahl T, Moll J, Noll M, Purahong W, Schreiber J, Weisser WW, Hofrichter M, Kellner H. Nitrogen addition increases mass loss of gymnosperm but not of angiosperm deadwood without changing microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165868. [PMID: 37516186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition due to combustion of fossil fuels and agricultural fertilization is a global phenomenon which has severely altered carbon (C) and N cycling in temperate forest ecosystems in the northern hemisphere. Although deadwood holds a substantial amount of C in forest ecosystems and thus plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling, the effect of increased N deposition on microbial processes and communities, wood chemical traits and deadwood mass loss remains unclear. Here, we simulated high N deposition rates by adding reactive N in form of ammonium-nitrate (40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) to deadwood of 13 temperate tree species over nine years in a field experiment in Germany. Non-treated deadwood from the same logs served as control with background N deposition. Our results show that chronically elevated N levels alters deadwood mass loss alongside respiration, enzymatic activities and wood chemistry depending on tree clade and species. In gymnosperm deadwood, elevated N increased mass loss by +38 %, respiration by +37 % and increased laccase activity 12-fold alongside increases of white-rot fungal abundance +89 % (p = 0.03). Furthermore, we observed marginally significant (p = 0.06) shifts of bacterial communities in gymnosperm deadwood. In angiosperm deadwood, we did not detect consistent effects on mass loss, physico-chemical properties, extracellular enzymatic activity or changes in microbial communities except for changes in abundance of 10 fungal OTUs in seven tree species and 28 bacterial OTUs in 10 tree species. We conclude that N deposition alters decomposition processes exclusively in N limited gymnosperm deadwood in the long term by enhancing fungal activity as expressed by increases in respiration rate and extracellular enzyme activity with minor shifts in decomposing microbial communities. By contrast, deadwood of angiosperm tree species had higher N concentrations and mass loss as well as community composition did not respond to N addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Roy
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Orkhan Ibayev
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Tobias Arnstadt
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Conservation Biology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Park Bavarian Forest, Freyunger Str. 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany
| | - Werner Borken
- Institute for Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christina Groß
- Institute for Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Björn Hoppe
- Institute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shakhawat Hossen
- Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2, D-96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Tiemo Kahl
- UNESCO-Biosphärenreservat Thüringer Wald, Schmiedefeld a. Rstg, Brunnenstraße 1, D-98528 Suhl, Germany
| | - Julia Moll
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Th.-Lieser- Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2, D-96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Th.-Lieser- Str. 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jasper Schreiber
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Conservation Biology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Harald Kellner
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, D-02763 Zittau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xi Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Hao T, Chen Y, Zhang Q, He N, Yu G. Atmospheric wet organic nitrogen deposition in China: Insights from the national observation network. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165629. [PMID: 37467980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (N) is an important component of atmospheric reactive N deposition, and its bioavailability is almost as important as that of inorganic N. Currently, there are limited reports of national observations of organic N deposition; most stations are concentrated in rural and urban areas, with even fewer long-term observations of natural ecosystems in remote areas. Based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, this study regularly collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2021 and measured related N concentrations. The aim was to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the multi-component characteristics of atmospheric wet N deposition and reveal the influencing factors and potential sources of wet dissolved organic N (DON) deposition. The results showed that atmospheric wet deposition fluxes of NO3-, NH4+, DON and dissolved total N (DTN) were 4.68, 5.25, 4.32, and 13.05 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively, and that DON accounted for 30 % of DTN deposition (potentially up to 50 % in remote areas). Wet DON deposition was related to anthropogenic emissions (agriculture, biomass burning, and traffic), natural emissions (volatile organic compound emissions from vegetation), and precipitation processes. The wet DON deposition flux was higher in South, Central, and Southwest China, with more precipitation and intensive agricultural activities or more vegetation cover, and lower in Northwest China and Inner Mongolia, with less precipitation and human activities or vegetation cover. DON was the main contributor to DTN deposition in remote areas and was possibly related to natural emissions. In rural and urban areas, DON may have been more influenced by agricultural activities and anthropogenic emissions. This study quantified the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of wet N deposition and provides a reference for future N addition experiments and N cycle studies. Further consideration of DON deposition is required, especially in the context of anthropogenic control of NO2 and NH3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu N, Feng Y, Wei L, Liu F. Responses of plant carbon and nitrogen assimilations to nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest: Canopy addition vs. understory addition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115545. [PMID: 37806128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The global atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has intensified in recent years, resulting in a complex impact on forest ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of canopy (CAN) and understory additions of N (UAN) on leaf carbon (C) and N assimilations, as well as growth parameters of representative woody plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest, i.e. Castanea henryi, Schefflera heptaphylla, Blastus cochinchinensis, and Lasianthus chinensis. The results showed that leaf N assimilation key enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) activities of B. cochinchinensis and S. heptaphylla were significantly decreased by UAN, and were significantly decreased by CAN for C. henryi. CAN significantly decreased the nitrite reductase activity of C. henryi, while significantly increased that of L. chinensis. However, the Amax values of each woody species were not significantly different among control (CK), CAN, and UAN. Community surveys demonstrated that CAN and UAN inhibited the growth (diameter at breast height, height, or crown width) of the representative large tree, C. henryi, while promoting the growths of understory woody species (B. cochinchinensis and L. chinensis). Overall, N addition was found to change the physiological processes of N and C metabolisms of the dominant woody species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests may further decline and its C fixation capacity may be detrimentally changed under N deposition in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, 341000 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yarong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wrońska-Pilarek D, Rymszewicz S, Jagodziński AM, Gawryś R, Dyderski MK. Temperate forest understory vegetation shifts after 40 years of conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165164. [PMID: 37379914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how vegetation composition and diversity respond to global changes is crucial for effective ecosystem management and conservation. This study evaluated shifts in understory vegetation after 40 years of conservation within Drawa National Park (NW Poland), to check which plant communities changed the most, and whether vegetation shifts reflect global change symptoms (climate change and pollution) or natural forest dynamics. Using ordination and generalized mixed-effects linear models, we assessed changes in alpha diversity metrics, accounting for taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic aspects within 170 quasi-permanent plots, surveyed in 1973-85 and resurveyed in 2015-19. We found an overall homogenization of forest vegetation and specific shift patterns in certain forest associations. In coniferous and nutrient-poor broadleaved forests, the overall number of species increased due to the replacement of functionally distinct or specialized species with more ubiquitous species that could exploit increased resource availability. In riparian forests and alder carrs we found either shifts from riparian forest to alder carrs or to mesic broadleaved forests. The most stable communities were fertile broadleaved forests. Our study quantified shifts in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity after 40 years of conservation and provides important insights into the shifts in vegetation composition in temperate forest communities. In coniferous and nutrient-poor broadleaved forests we found an increase in species richness and replacement of functionally distinct or specialized species by ubiquitous species, indicating increased resource availability. Shifts between wet broadleaved forests and transition into mesic forests suggest water limitation, which can be related to climate change. The most stable were fertile broadleaved forests fluctuating due to natural stand dynamics. The findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and management of ecological systems to preserve their diversity and functionality in the face of global changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej M Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71D, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Gawryś
- Forest Research Institute (IBL), Sękocin Stary, Braci Leśnej Street No. 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Marcin K Dyderski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vogels JJ, Van de Waal DB, WallisDeVries MF, Van den Burg AB, Nijssen M, Bobbink R, Berg MP, Olde Venterink H, Siepel H. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of nitrogen deposition on producer-consumer interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1712-1731. [PMID: 37265074 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially since the second half of the 20th century due to human activities. This increase of reactive N into the biosphere has major implications for ecosystem functioning, including primary production, soil and water chemistry and producer community structure and diversity. Increased N deposition is also linked to the decline of insects observed over recent decades. However, we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effects of high N deposition on individual fitness, species richness and community structure of both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. Here, we review the effects of N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, focusing on five existing ecological frameworks: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, trace element ecological stoichiometry, nutritional geometry, essential micronutrients and allelochemicals. We link reported N deposition-mediated changes in producer quality to life-history strategies and traits of consumers, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the direction of response in consumers. We conclude that high N deposition influences producer quality via eutrophication and acidification pathways. This makes oligotrophic poorly buffered ecosystems most vulnerable to significant changes in producer quality. Changes in producer quality between the reviewed frameworks are often interlinked, complicating predictions of the effects of high N deposition on producer quality. The degree and direction of fitness responses of consumers to changes in producer quality varies among species but can be explained by differences in life-history traits and strategies, particularly those affecting species nutrient intake regulation, mobility, relative growth rate, host-plant specialisation, ontogeny and physiology. To increase our understanding of the effects of N deposition on these complex mechanisms, the inclusion of life-history traits of consumer species in future study designs is pivotal. Based on the reviewed literature, we formulate five hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the effects of high N deposition on consumers, by linking effects of nutritional ecological frameworks to life-history strategies. Importantly, we expect that N-deposition-mediated changes in producer quality will result in a net decrease in consumer community as well as functional diversity. Moreover, we anticipate an increased risk of outbreak events of a small subset of generalist species, with concomitant declines in a multitude of specialist species. Overall, linking ecological frameworks with consumer life-history strategies provides a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of high N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, which can inform management towards more effective mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Vogels
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn Nijssen
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Section Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Z, Xing A, Shen H. Effects of nitrogen addition on the combined global warming potential of three major soil greenhouse gases: A global meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:121848. [PMID: 37244533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition has a great impact on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and numerous studies have revealed the individual effects of N addition on three major GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O). Nevertheless, quantitative evaluation of the effects of N addition on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHGs based on simultaneous measurements is needed not only to better understand the comprehensive effect of N deposition on GHGs but also for precise estimation of ecosystem GHG fluxes in response to N deposition. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using a dataset with 124 simultaneous measurements of the three major GHGs from 54 studies to assess the effects of N addition on the combined global warming potential (CGWP) of these soil GHGs. The results showed that the relative sensitivity of the CGWP to N addition was 0.43%/kg N ha-1 yr-1, indicating an increase in the CGWP. Among the ecosystems studied, wetlands are considerable GHG sources with the highest relative sensitivity to N addition. Overall, CO2 contributed the most to the N addition-induced CGWP change (72.61%), followed by N2O (27.02%) and CH4 (0.37%), but the contributions of the three GHGs varied across ecosystems. Moreover, the effect size of the CGWP had a positive relationship with N addition rate and mean annual temperature and a negative relationship with mean annual precipitation. Our findings suggest that N deposition may influence global warming from the perspective of the CGWP of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Our results also provide reference values that may reduce uncertainties in future projections of the effects of N deposition on GHGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
He T, Tang Y, Cao R, Xia N, Li B, Du E. Distinct urban-rural gradients of air NO 2 and SO 2 concentrations in response to emission reductions during 2015-2022 in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122021. [PMID: 37339730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two major air pollutants in urban environment. Emission reduction policies have thus been implemented to improve urban air quality, especially in the metropolises. However, it remains unclear whether the air concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in and around large cities follow a same spatial pattern and how their characteristics change over time in response to the emission reductions. Using ground-based monitoring datasets of air NO2 and SO2 concentrations in Beijing, China, we tested the hypothesis of urban air pollutant islands and evaluated their seasonal and inter-annual variations during 2015-2022. The results showed that air NO2 concentrations increased significantly towards the urban core, being in line with the hypothesis of urban air pollutant island, while air SO2 concentrations showed no such spatial patterns. The urban air NO2 island varied seasonally, with larger radius and higher air NO2 concentrations in spring and winter. In response to the emission reduction, the annual mean radius of the urban air NO2 island showed a rapid decrease from 45.8 km to zero km during the study period. The annual mean air NO2 concentration at the urban core showed a linear decrease at a rate of 4.5 μg m-3 yr-1. In contrast, air SO2 concentration decreased nonlinearly over time and showed a legacy in comparison to the emission reduction. Our findings suggest different urban-rural gradients of air NO2 and SO2 concentrations and highlight their distinct responses to the regional reductions of anthropogenic emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Nan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Binghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clark CM, Phelan J, Ash J, Buckley J, Cajka J, Horn K, Thomas RQ, Sabo RD. Future climate change effects on US forest composition may offset benefits of reduced atmospheric deposition of N and S. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4793-4810. [PMID: 37417247 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are important drivers of forest demography. Here we apply previously derived growth and survival responses for 94 tree species, representing >90% of the contiguous US forest basal area, to project how changes in mean annual temperature, precipitation, and N and S deposition from 20 different future scenarios may affect forest composition to 2100. We find that under the low climate change scenario (RCP 4.5), reductions in aboveground tree biomass from higher temperatures are roughly offset by increases in aboveground tree biomass from reductions in N and S deposition. However, under the higher climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) the decreases from climate change overwhelm increases from reductions in N and S deposition. These broad trends underlie wide variation among species. We found averaged across temperature scenarios the relative abundance of 60 species were projected to decrease more than 5% and 20 species were projected to increase more than 5%; and reductions of N and S deposition led to a decrease for 13 species and an increase for 40 species. This suggests large shifts in the composition of US forests in the future. Negative climate effects were mostly from elevated temperature and were not offset by scenarios with wetter conditions. We found that by 2100 an estimated 1 billion trees under the RCP 4.5 scenario and 20 billion trees under the RCP 8.5 scenario may be pushed outside the temperature record upon which these relationships were derived. These results may not fully capture future changes in forest composition as several other factors were not included. Overall efforts to reduce atmospheric deposition of N and S will likely be insufficient to overcome climate change impacts on forest demography across much of the United States unless we adhere to the low climate change scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Clark
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy Ash
- US Department of Agriculture, US Forest Service, Ashville, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Buckley
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Cajka
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Horn
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnical University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - R Quinn Thomas
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnical University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert D Sabo
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qi L, Song Y, Zhang P, Sun W, Wang W, Yi S, Li J, Liu H, Bi Z, Du N, Guo W. The combined effect of fire and nitrogen addition on biodiversity and herbaceous aboveground productivity in a coastal shrubland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240591. [PMID: 37705707 PMCID: PMC10497117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Fire and nitrogen (N) deposition each impact biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. However, the effect of N deposition on ecosystem recovery after fire is still far from understood, especially in coastal wetlands. Methods We selected a typical coastal shrubland to simulate three N deposition levels (0, 10, and 20 g N m-2 year-1) under two different burned conditions (unburned and burned) in the Yellow River Delta of North China. Soil properties, soil microbial biodiversity, shrub growth parameters, herbaceous biodiversity, and aboveground productivity were determined after experimental treatments for 1 year. Results We found that fire had a stronger influence on the ecosystem than N addition. One year after the fire, shrub growth had significantly decreased, while soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, herbaceous biodiversity, soil microbial biodiversity, and herbaceous aboveground productivity significantly increased. Conversely, a single year of N addition only slightly increased herbaceous aboveground productivity. The combined effect of fire and N addition was only significant for fungus biodiversity and otherwise had minimal influence. Interestingly, we found that herbaceous aboveground productivity was positively associated with fungal community diversity under unburned conditions but not in burned shrublands. Fire showed a great impact on soil parameters and biodiversity in the coastal wetland ecosystem even after a full year of recovery. Discussion Fire may also diminish the influence of several belowground factors on herbaceous aboveground productivity, which ultimately reduces recovery and stability. Appropriate N addition may be an effective way to improve the ecosystem productivity in a wetland dominated by shrub species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Puyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Strait Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijie Yi
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Strait Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Ning Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo Y, Tan H, Zhang L, Liu G, Zhou M, Vira J, Hess PG, Liu X, Paulot F, Liu X. Global food loss and waste embodies unrecognized harms to air quality and biodiversity hotspots. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:686-698. [PMID: 37550539 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Global food loss and waste (FLW) undermines the resilience and sustainability of food systems and is closely tied to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals on climate, resource use and food security. Here we reveal strong yet under-discussed interconnections between FLW and two other Sustainable Development Goals of Human Health and Life on Land via the nitrogen cycle. We find that eliminating global FLW in 2015 would have reduced anthropogenic NH3 emissions associated with food production by 11.4 Tg (16%), decreased local PM2.5 concentrations by up to 5 μg m-3 and PM2.5-related years of life lost by 1.5 million years, and mitigated nitrogen critical load exceedances in global biodiversity hotspots by up to 19%. Halving FLW in 2030 will reduce years of life lost by 0.5-0.8 million years and nitrogen deposition by 4.7-6.0 Tg N per year (4%) (range for socioeconomic pathways). Complementary to near-term NH3 mitigation potential via technological measures, our study emphasizes incentivizing FLW reduction efforts from air quality and ecosystem health perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Guo
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Haiyue Tan
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mi Zhou
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Julius Vira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter G Hess
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xueying Liu
- Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Fabien Paulot
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li S, Lu S, Li X, Hou X, Zhao X, Xu X, Zhao N. Effects of Spring Drought and Nitrogen Addition on Productivity and Community Composition of Degraded Grasslands. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2836. [PMID: 37570989 PMCID: PMC10421370 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore whether there were differences among the patterns of response of grasslands with different levels of degradation to extreme drought events and nitrogen addition, three grasslands along a degradation gradient (extremely, moderately, and lightly degraded) were selected in the Bashang area of northern China using the human disturbance index (HDI). A field experiment with simulated extreme spring drought, nitrogen addition, and their interaction was conducted during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. The soil moisture, aboveground biomass, and composition of the plant community were measured. The primary results were as follows. (1) Drought treatment caused soil drought stress, with moderately degraded grassland being the most affected, which resulted in an 80% decrease in soil moisture and a 78% decrease in aboveground biomass. The addition of nitrogen did not mitigate the impact of drought. Moreover, the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in 2021 was less sensitive to spring drought than in 2020. (2) The community composition changed after 2 years of drought treatment, particularly for the moderately degraded grasslands with annual forbs, such as Salsola collina, increasing significantly in biomass proportion, which led to a trend of exacerbated degradation (higher HDI). This degradation trend decreased under the addition of nitrogen. (3) The variation in drought sensitivities of the ANPP was primarily determined by the proportion of plants based on the classification of degradation indicators in the community, with higher proportions of intermediate degradation indicator species exhibiting more sensitivity to spring drought. These findings can help to provide scientific evidence for the governance and restoration of regional degraded grassland under frequent extreme weather conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoning Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102203, China
| | - Shaowei Lu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102203, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Huamugou Forest Farm, Hexigten Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng 025350, China
| | - Xingchen Hou
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102203, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102203, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (S.L.); (S.L.)
- Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang S, Yu C, Fu G, Sun W, Li S, Han F, Xiao J. Effects of Short-Term Nitrogen Addition on Soil Fungal Community Increase with Nitrogen Addition Rate in an Alpine Steppe at the Source of Brahmaputra. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1880. [PMID: 37630440 PMCID: PMC10458649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil fungal community plays a crucial role in terrestrial decomposition and biogeochemical cycles. However, the responses of the soil fungal community to short-term nitrogen addition and its related dominant drivers still remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment to explore how different levels of nitrogen addition (five levels: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 g N m-2 y-1) affected the soil fungal community in an alpine steppe at the source of Brahmaputra. Results showed that the reduced magnitudes of soil fungal species and phylogenetic α-diversity increased with the increasing nitrogen addition rate. Nitrogen addition significantly changed the community composition of species, and the dissimilarity of the soil fungal community increased with the increasing nitrogen addition rate, with a greater dissimilarity observed in the superficial soil (0-10 cm) compared to the subsurface soil (10-20 cm). Increases in the soil nitrogen availability were found to be the predominant factor in controlling the changes in the soil fungal community with the nitrogen addition gradient. Therefore, short-term nitrogen addition can still cause obvious changes in the soil fungal community in the alpine grassland at the source of Brahmaputra. We should not underestimate the potential influence of future nitrogen deposition on the soil fungal community in the high-altitude grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adverse effects on the soil fungal community should be carefully considered when nitrogen fertilizer is used for ecosystem restoration of the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Huang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Fu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fusong Han
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianyu Xiao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lü XT, Reed SC, Hou SL, Yang GJ. Assessing community assembly controls over community-scale nutrient resorption responses to nitrogen deposition. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05415-9. [PMID: 37454309 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption is a fundamental physiological process in plants, with important ecological controls over numerous ecosystem functions. However, the role of community assembly in driving responses of nutrient resorption to perturbation remains largely unknown. Following the Price equation framework and the Community Assembly and Ecosystem Function framework, we quantified the contribution of species loss, species gain, and shared species to the reduction of community-level nutrient resorption efficiency in response to multi-level nitrogen (N) addition in a temperate steppe, after continuous N addition for seven years. Reductions of both N and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE, respectively) were positively correlated with N addition levels. The dissimilarities in species composition between N-enriched and control communities increased with N addition levels, and N-enriched plots showed substantial species losses and gains. Interestingly, the reduction of community-scale NRE and PRE mostly resulted from N-induced decreases in resorption efficiency for the shared species in the control and N-enriched communities. There were negative correlations between the contributions of species richness effect and species identity effect and between the number and identity of species gained for the changes in both NRE and PRE following N enrichment. By simultaneously considering N-induced changes in species composition and in species-level resorption, our work presents a more complete picture of how different community assembly processes contribute to N-induced changes in community-level resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Sasha C Reed
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Shuang-Li Hou
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guo-Jiao Yang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiang M, Tian Y, Guo R, Li S, Guo J, Zhang T. Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil fungal and bacterial community structures in a temperate meadow. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231442. [PMID: 37502394 PMCID: PMC10369075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities have been influenced by global changes, which might negatively regulate aboveground communities and affect nutrient resource cycling. However, the influence of warming and nitrogen (N) addition and their combined effects on soil microbial community composition and structure are still not well understood. To explore the effect of warming and N addition on the composition and structure of soil microbial communities, a five-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate meadow. We examined the responses of soil fungal and bacterial community compositions and structures to warming and N addition using ITS gene and 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing methods, respectively. Warming and N addition not only increased the diversity of soil fungal species but also affected the soil fungal community structure. Warming and N addition caused significant declines in soil bacterial richness but had few impacts on bacterial community structure. The changes in plant species richness affected the soil fungal community structure, while the changes in plant cover also affected the bacterial community structure. The response of the soil bacterial community structure to warming and N addition was lower than that of the fungal community structure. Our results highlight that the influence of global changes on soil fungal and bacterial community structures might be different, and which also might be determined, to some extent, by plant community, soil physicochemical properties, and climate characteristics at the regional scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| | - Yibo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Aohan Banner, Chifeng, China
| | - Jixun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hutsemékers V, Mouton L, Westenbohm H, Collart F, Vanderpoorten A. Disentangling climate change from air pollution effects on epiphytic bryophytes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3990-4000. [PMID: 37086082 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
At the interface between atmosphere and vegetation, epiphytic floras have been largely used as indicators of air quality. The recovery of epiphytes from high levels of SO2 pollution has resulted in major range changes, whose interpretation has, however, been challenged by concomitant variation in other pollutants as well as climate change. Here, we combine historical and contemporary information on epiphytic bryophyte species distributions, climatic conditions, and pollution loads since the 1980s in southern Belgium to disentangle the relative impact of climate change and air pollution on temporal shifts in species composition. The relationship between the temporal variation of species composition, climatic conditions, SO2 , NO2 , O3 , and fine particle concentrations, was analyzed by variation partitioning. The temporal shift in species composition was such, that it was, on average, more than twice larger than the change in species composition observed today among communities scattered across the study area. The main driver, contributing to 38% of this temporal shift in species composition, was the variation of air quality. Climate change alone did not contribute to the substantial compositional shifts in epiphytic bryophyte communities in the course of the last 40 years. As a consequence of the substantial drop of N and S loads over the last decades, present-day variations of epiphytic floras were, however, better explained by the spatial variation of climatic conditions than by extant pollution loads. The lack of any signature of recolonization delays of formerly polluted areas in the composition of modern floras suggests that epiphytic bryophytes efficiently disperse at the landscape scale. We suggest that a monitoring of epiphyte communities at 10-year intervals would be desirable to assess the impact of raising pollution sources, and especially pesticides, whose impact on bryophytes remains poorly documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Mouton
- University of Liège, Institute of Botany, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Flavien Collart
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Delves J, Lewis JEJ, Ali N, Asad SA, Chatterjee S, Crittenden PD, Jones M, Kiran A, Prasad Pandey B, Reay D, Sharma S, Tshering D, Weerakoon G, van Dijk N, Sutton MA, Wolseley PA, Ellis CJ. Lichens as spatially transferable bioindicators for monitoring nitrogen pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121575. [PMID: 37028790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Excess nitrogen is a pollutant and global problem that harms ecosystems and can severely affect human health. Pollutant nitrogen is becoming more widespread and intensifying in the tropics. There is thus a requirement to develop nitrogen biomonitoring for spatial mapping and trend analysis of tropical biodiversity and ecosystems. In temperate and boreal zones, multiple bioindicators for nitrogen pollution have been developed, with lichen epiphytes among the most sensitive and widely applied. However, the state of our current knowledge on bioindicators is geographically biased, with extensive research effort focused on bioindicators in the temperate and boreal zones. The development of lichen bioindicators in the tropics is further weakened by incomplete taxonomic and ecological knowledge. In this study we performed a literature review and meta-analysis, attempting to identify characteristics of lichens that offer transferability of bioindication into tropical regions. This transferability must overcome the different species pools between source information - drawing on extensive research effort in the temperate and boreal zone - and tropical ecosystems. Focussing on ammonia concentration as the nitrogen pollutant, we identify a set of morphological traits and taxonomic relationships that cause lichen epiphytes to be more sensitive, or more resistant to this excess nitrogen. We perform an independent test of our bioindicator scheme and offer recommendations for its application and future research in the tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Delves
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Jason E J Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Saeed A Asad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sudipto Chatterjee
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Plot No. 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Peter D Crittenden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew Jones
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - David Reay
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, High School Yards, Infirmary Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1LZ, UK
| | - Subodh Sharma
- Kathmandu University, Nepal GPO Box 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dendup Tshering
- Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, PO Box, 11001, Lower Motithang, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | - Netty van Dijk
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Mark A Sutton
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|