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Zinsstag J, Kaiser-Grolimund A, Heitz-Tokpa K, Sreedharan R, Lubroth J, Caya F, Stone M, Brown H, Bonfoh B, Dobell E, Morgan D, Homaira N, Kock R, Hattendorf J, Crump L, Mauti S, Del Rio Vilas V, Saikat S, Zumla A, Heymann D, Dar O, de la Rocque S. Advancing One human-animal-environment Health for global health security: what does the evidence say? Lancet 2023; 401:591-604. [PMID: 36682371 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this Series paper, we review the contributions of One Health approaches (ie, at the human-animal-environment interface) to improve global health security across a range of health hazards and we summarise contemporary evidence of incremental benefits of a One Health approach. We assessed how One Health approaches were reported to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE), and WHO, within the monitoring and assessment frameworks, including WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and WOAH Performance of Veterinary Services. We reviewed One Health theoretical foundations, methods, and case studies. Examples from joint health services and infrastructure, surveillance-response systems, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, food safety and security, environmental hazards, water and sanitation, and zoonoses control clearly show incremental benefits of One Health approaches. One Health approaches appear to be most effective and sustainable in the prevention, preparedness, and early detection and investigation of evolving risks and hazards; the evidence base for their application is strongest in the control of endemic and neglected tropical diseases. For benefits to be maximised and extended, improved One Health operationalisation is needed by strengthening multisectoral coordination mechanisms at national, regional, and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Kaiser-Grolimund
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan
- Health Security Preparedness Department, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hannah Brown
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Emily Dobell
- Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Dilys Morgan
- Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- Centre for Child Health Research and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crump
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Mauti
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Del Rio Vilas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK; Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Sohel Saikat
- System Resilience and Essential Public Health Functions, Special Programme on Primary Health Care, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Heymann
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Osman Dar
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK; Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Stéphane de la Rocque
- Health Security Preparedness Department, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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de la Rocque S, Errecaborde KMM, Belot G, Brand T, Shadomy S, von Dobschuetz S, Aguanno R, Carron M, Caya F, Ding S, Dhingra M, Donachie D, Gongal G, Hoejskov P, Ismayilova G, Lamielle G, Mahrous H, Marrana M, Nzietchueng S, Oh Y, Pinto J, Roche X, Riviere-Cinnamond A, Rojo C, Scheuermann L, Sinclair J, Song J, Skrypnyk A, Traore T, Wongsathapornchai K. One health systems strengthening in countries: Tripartite tools and approaches at the human-animal-environment interface. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011236. [PMID: 36707093 PMCID: PMC9884856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexpected pathogen transmission between animals, humans and their shared environments can impact all aspects of society. The Tripartite organisations-the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)-have been collaborating for over two decades. The inclusion of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) with the Tripartite, forming the 'Quadripartite' in 2021, creates a new and important avenue to engage environment sectors in the development of additional tools and resources for One Health coordination and improved health security globally. Beginning formally in 2010, the Tripartite set out strategic directions for the coordination of global activities to address health risks at the human-animal-environment interface. This paper highlights the historical background of this collaboration in the specific area of health security, using country examples to demonstrate lessons learnt and the evolution and pairing of Tripartite programmes and processes to jointly develop and deliver capacity strengthening tools to countries and strengthen performance for iterative evaluations. Evaluation frameworks, such as the International Health Regulations (IHR) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, the WOAH Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) Pathway and the FAO multisectoral evaluation tools for epidemiology and surveillance, support a shared global vision for health security, ultimately serving to inform decision making and provide a systematic approach for improved One Health capacity strengthening in countries. Supported by the IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshops and the development of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide and related operational tools, the Tripartite and now Quadripartite, are working alongside countries to address critical gaps at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianna Brand
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Sean Shadomy
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ryan Aguanno
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Maud Carron
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Francois Caya
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Shanlong Ding
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Madhur Dhingra
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Donachie
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Gyanendra Gongal
- World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Peter Hoejskov
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunel Ismayilova
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Gael Lamielle
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Heba Mahrous
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariana Marrana
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Serge Nzietchueng
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Kenya Representation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yooni Oh
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julio Pinto
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Roche
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana Riviere-Cinnamond
- Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cristina Rojo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Julie Sinclair
- World Organisation for Animal Health Headquarters, Paris, France
| | - Junxia Song
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Headquarters, Rome, Italy
| | - Artem Skrypnyk
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tieble Traore
- Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Dakar-Hub, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Kachen Wongsathapornchai
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
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Savelli CJ, Simpson J, Mateus C. Exploring the Experiences of Members of the International Food Safety Authorities Network: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1683-1697. [PMID: 34086917 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) is a global network of national food safety authorities from 190 countries, managed jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) that aims to facilitate the rapid exchange of information during food safety incidents. A three-phase study of INFOSAN was launched in 2019 to characterize and examine the network as a functional community of practice and determine its value systematically and rigorously from its members' perspectives. The first two phases of the study involved analyzing the INFOSAN Community Website and surveying of all of its members. The main objective of this third and final phase of the study was to understand the experiences of a small group of INFOSAN members as they relate to various dimensions of membership. A qualitative methodology was used to provide a deeper understanding of members' experiences and supplement the results from the first two quantitative study phases. Interviews were conducted with 10 INFOSAN members from 10 geographic regions, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results offer an understanding of INFOSAN members' experiences in the context of what participation in this global network means to them and relate to five themes concerning trust, learning, health protection, sense of community, and future potential. The findings suggest that focusing on outreach to sustain personal interest, training to improve technical capacity, and advocacy to obtain political buy-in are ways in which the INFOSAN Secretariat could enable participation and create value at the individual, organizational, and national level, respectively. Such engagement could translate into more effective international communication during urgent food safety incidents and fewer cases of foodborne illness worldwide. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Joseph Savelli
- World Health Organization, Nutrition and Food Safety, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - J Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - C Mateus
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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de la Rocque S, Belot G, Errecaborde KMM, Sreedharan R, Skrypnyk A, Schmidt T, Isla N, Traore T, Talisuna A, Gongal G, Samhouri D, Caya F, Carron M, Kandel N, Xing J, Chungong S. Operationalisation of consensual One Health roadmaps in countries for improved IHR capacities and health security. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005275. [PMID: 34210688 PMCID: PMC8252684 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating reminder that mitigating the threat of emerging zoonotic outbreaks relies on our collective capacity to work across human health, animal health and environment sectors. Despite the critical need for shared approaches, collaborative benchmarks in the International Health Regulations (IHR) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and more specifically the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) often reveal low levels of performance in collaborative technical areas (TAs), thus identifying a real need to work on the human-animal-environment interface to improve health security. The National Bridging Workshops (NBWs) proposed jointly by the World Organisation of Animal Health and World Health Organization (WHO) provide opportunity for national human health, animal health, environment and other relevant sectors in countries to explore the efficiency and gaps in their coordination for the management of zoonotic diseases. The results, gathered in a prioritised roadmap, support the operationalisation of the recommendations made during JEE for TAs where a multisectoral One Health approach is beneficial. For those collaborative TAs (12 out of 19 in the JEE), more than two-thirds of the recommendations can be implemented through one or multiple activities jointly agreed during NBW. Interestingly, when associated with the WHO Benchmark Tool for IHR, it appears that NBW activities are often associated with lower level of performance than anticipated during the JEE missions, revealing that countries often overestimate their capacities at the human-animal-environment interface. Deeper, more focused and more widely shared discussions between professionals highlight the need for concrete foundations of multisectoral coordination to meet goals for One Health and improved global health security through IHR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaylee Marie Myhre Errecaborde
- Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland,Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Artem Skrypnyk
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness & IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness & IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Isla
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness & IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tieble Traore
- Emergency Preparedness, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Ambrose Talisuna
- Emergency Preparedness, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Gyanendra Gongal
- Healthier Populations & Noncommunicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Dalia Samhouri
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness & IHR, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - François Caya
- Capacity Building Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Maud Carron
- Capacity Building Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Nirmal Kandel
- Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xing
- Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Savelli CJ, Garcia Acevedo RF, Simpson J, Mateus C. The utilisation of tools to facilitate cross-border communication during international food safety events, 1995-2020: a realist synthesis. Global Health 2021; 17:65. [PMID: 34167571 PMCID: PMC8222958 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient communication and coordination are needed between countries to prevent, detect and respond to international food safety events. While communication tools, networks and systems exist, current evidence suggests that they are only useful within particular contexts and several only target specific geographic areas. There is a need to unpack and explore the mechanisms of how and in what context such communication tools and their components are effective at facilitating international communication and coordination to keep food safe and mitigate the burden of foodborne disease around the world. A realist synthesis was undertaken to understand how and why certain processes and structures of communication tools, used during international food safety events, influence their utility and effectiveness according to different contextual factors. The focus of this review was explanatory and aimed to develop and refine theory regarding how contextual factors trigger specific processes and mechanisms to produce outcomes. Using the realist context–mechanism–outcome configuration of theory development, a range of sources was used to develop an initial programme theory, including the authors’ experience, a scoping review of published papers and grey literature and input from an expert reference committee. Literature was then systematically located and synthesised from several databases with input from the expert reference committee to refine the programme theory. The programme theory developed indicates that when a country has interests in food import or export, has the technical infrastructure to detect and respond to food safety events, and is governed in accordance with regional and/or global laws and regulations relating to food control and global health security, then specific mechanisms will facilitate various outcomes. Mechanisms include trust, experience, support, awareness, understanding, a sense of community, standardisation and intersectoral collaboration. The outcomes include using communication tools to relay information abroad and the prevention of foodborne diseases, among others. Components of such communication tools may be adapted according to different contextual factors to promote, support and improve their use. Improving international coordination and communication during international food safety events is in the interest of global health security and can mitigate the global burden of foodborne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Joseph Savelli
- World Health Organization, Nutrition and Food Safety, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
| | | | - Jane Simpson
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Céu Mateus
- Lancaster University, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Health Research, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
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Thomas LF, Rushton J, Bukachi SA, Falzon LC, Howland O, Fèvre EM. Cross-Sectoral Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in Western Kenya: Identifying Drivers and Barriers Within a Resource Constrained Setting. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:658454. [PMID: 34169106 PMCID: PMC8217437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.658454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Collaboration between the human and animal health sectors, including the sharing of disease surveillance data, has the potential to improve public health outcomes through the rapid detection of zoonotic disease events prior to widespread transmission in humans. Kenya has been at the forefront of embracing a collaborative approach in Africa with the inception of the Zoonotic Disease Unit in 2011. Joint outbreak responses have been coordinated at the national level, yet little is currently documented on cross-sectoral collaboration at the sub-national level. Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with 28 disease surveillance officers from the human and animal health sectors in three counties in western Kenya. An inductive process of thematic analysis was used to identify themes relating to barriers and drivers for cross-sectoral collaboration. Results: The study identified four interlinking themes related to drivers and barriers for cross-sectoral collaboration. To drive collaboration at the sub-national level there needs to be a clear identification of “common objectives,” as currently exemplified by the response to suspected rabies and anthrax cases and routine meat hygiene activities. The action of collaboration, be it integrated responses to outbreaks or communication and data sharing, require “operational structures” to facilitate them, including the formalisation of reporting lines, supporting legislation and the physical infrastructure, from lab equipment to mobile phones, to facilitate the activities. These structures in turn require “appropriate resources” to support them, which will be allocated based on the “political will” of those who control the resources. Conclusions: Ongoing collaborations between human and animal disease surveillance officers at the sub-national level were identified, driven by common objectives such as routine meat hygiene and response to suspected rabies and anthrax cases. In these areas a suitable operational structure is present, including a supportive legislative framework and clearly designated roles for officers within both sectors. There was support from disease surveillance officers to increase their collaboration, communication and data sharing across sectors, yet this is currently hindered by the lack of these formal operational structures and poor allocation of resources to disease surveillance. It was acknowledged that improving this resource allocation will require political will at the sub-national, national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Francesca Thomas
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.,Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Salome A Bukachi
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender & African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laura C Falzon
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Olivia Howland
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric M Fèvre
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Food Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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7
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Reynolds MG, Doty JB, McCollum AM, Olson VA, Nakazawa Y. Monkeypox re-emergence in Africa: a call to expand the concept and practice of One Health. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:129-139. [PMID: 30625020 PMCID: PMC6438170 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1567330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monkeypox is a re-emerging viral zoonosis that occurs naturally in heavily forested regions of West and Central Africa. Inter-human transmission of monkeypox virus, although limited, drives outbreaks, particularly in household and health-care settings. But the available evidence suggests that without repeated zoonotic introductions, human infections would eventually cease to occur. Therefore, interrupting virus transmission from animals to humans is key to combating this disease. Areas covered: Herein we review laboratory and field studies examining the susceptibility of various animal taxa to monkeypox virus infection, and note the competence of various species to serve as reservoirs or transmission hosts. In addition, we discuss early socio-ecologic theories of monkeypox virus transmission in rural settings and review current modes of ecologic investigation - including ecologic niche modeling, and ecologic sampling - in light of their potential to identify specific animal species and features of the environment that are associated with heightened risk for human disease. Expert opinion: The role of disease ecology and scientific research in ongoing disease prevention efforts should be reinforced, particularly for wildlife-associated zoonoses such as monkeypox. Such efforts alongside those aimed at nurturing 'One Health' collaborations may ultimately hold the greatest promise for reducing human infections with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Reynolds
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffry B. Doty
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea M. McCollum
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria A. Olson
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nakazawa
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
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8
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Mwatondo A, Munyua P, Gura Z, Muturi M, Osoro E, Obonyo M, Bitek A, Oyas H, Mbabu M, Kioko J, Njenga K, Lowther S, Thumbi SM. Catalysts for implementation of One Health in Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28:1. [PMID: 30167029 PMCID: PMC6113684 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.28.1.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika outbreak in the Americas, Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the increased frequency and impact of emerging and re-emerging infections of animal origin have increased the calls for greater preparedness in early detection and responses to public health events. One-Health approaches that emphasize collaborations between human health, animal health and environmental health sectors for the prevention, early detection and response to disease outbreaks have been hailed as a key strategy. Here we highlight three main efforts that have progressed the implementation of One Health in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peninah Munyua
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeinab Gura
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Muturi
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Osoro
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Obonyo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Austine Bitek
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harry Oyas
- Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Murithi Mbabu
- Disease Surveillance, Vector and Zoological Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jackson Kioko
- Department of Preventive and Promotive Health Services, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kariuki Njenga
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Centers for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
| | - Sara Lowther
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Mwangi Thumbi
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Centers for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
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9
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Degeling C. Culling and the Common Good: Re-evaluating Harms and Benefits under the One Health Paradigm. Public Health Ethics 2016; 9:244-254. [PMID: 27790290 PMCID: PMC5081039 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One Health (OH) is a novel paradigm that recognizes that human and non-human animal health is interlinked through our shared environment. Increasingly prominent in public health responses to zoonoses, OH differs from traditional approaches to animal-borne infectious risks, because it also aims to promote the health of animals and ecological systems. Despite the widespread adoption of OH, culling remains a key component of institutional responses to the risks of zoonoses. Using the threats posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses to human and animal health, economic activity and food security as a case exemplar, we explore whether culling and other standard control measures for animal-borne infectious disease might be justified as part of OH approaches. Our central premise is that OH requires us to reformulate 'health' as universal good that is best shared across species boundaries such that human health and well-being are contingent upon identifying and meeting the relevant sets of human and non-human interests and shared dependencies. Our purpose is to further nascent discussions about the ethical dimensions of OH and begin to describe the principles around which a public health agenda that truly seeks to co-promote human and non-human health could potentially begin to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Degeling
- Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, School of Public Health and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney
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