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Studentova H, Hola K, Melichar B, Spisarova M. Neopterin as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:339-345. [PMID: 38596831 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2341734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy represents a significant and essential component of renal carcinoma therapy (RCC), but the selection of an optimal regimen for an individual patient remains unclear. Despite significant improvements in therapeutic options for RCC, predictive biomarkers for immunotherapeutic agents remain elusive. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune response, with concentrations increased in different disorders, including cancer. High neopterin levels herald, in general, a poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED This review briefly overviews the contemporary clinical data on biomarkers in metastatic RCC therapy, focusing on neopterin. EXPERT OPINION Elevated neopterin levels have been observed in tumors of different primary locations. Research indicates that neopterin may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the inflammatory status associated with certain cancers. However, it is necessary to interpret neopterin levels in the context of a comprehensive clinical evaluation, as elevated neopterin alone is not specific to cancer and can be influenced by other factors, including comorbid conditions. Neopterin has also been identified as a prognostic biomarker. An increasing neopterin level in serum and urine is associated with advanced cancer, but the role as a potential predictor of response to immunotherapy has yet to be established. A reliable biomarker for optimal therapy selection in metastatic RCC is still putative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Studentova
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hola
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Spisarova
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Krčmová LK, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Šmahel P, Skála M, Kopecký M, Suwanvecho C, Přívratská N, Turoňová D, Melichar B. Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamins in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-COVID syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1217-1227. [PMID: 38374668 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concentrations of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios predict prognosis and the need for oxygen therapy in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the changes of these biomarkers early in the course of infection, the association with the prior coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination and therapeutic administration of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, investigation of other potential biomarkers including neuropilin, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and an assessment of these biomarkers and vitamins A, E and D in patients with post-COVID syndrome. METHODS Urine and blood samples were obtained on the 1st to the 4th day and 4th to 7th day from 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods were used to analyse neopterin, kynurenine, tryptophan, liposoluble vitamins, and DNA damage biomarkers. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios was observed on after 4th to 7th day of hospitalization, and concentrations of these biomarkers were increased in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent post-COVID syndrome. The concentrations of remaining biomarker and vitamins were not associated with outcomes, although markedly decreased concentrations of vitamin A, E and D were noted. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios decrease during the course of infection SARS-CoV-2 and are associated with the post-COVID syndrome. No other prognostic biomarkers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmahel
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Skála
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kopecký
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Chaweewan Suwanvecho
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Přívratská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Turoňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Lodge S, Litton E, Gray N, Ryan M, Millet O, Fear M, Raby E, Currie A, Wood F, Holmes E, Wist J, Nicholson JK. Stratification of Sepsis Patients on Admission into the Intensive Care Unit According to Differential Plasma Metabolic Phenotypes. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1328-1340. [PMID: 38513133 PMCID: PMC11002934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of patients with sepsis or septic shock is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. UPLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy were used to measure panels of lipoproteins, lipids, biogenic amines, amino acids, and tryptophan pathway metabolites in blood plasma samples collected from 152 patients within 48 h of admission into the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where 62 patients had no sepsis, 71 patients had sepsis, and 19 patients had septic shock. Patients with sepsis or septic shock had higher concentrations of neopterin and lower levels of HDL cholesterol and phospholipid particles in comparison to nonsepsis patients. Septic shock could be differentiated from sepsis patients based on different concentrations of 10 lipids, including significantly lower concentrations of five phosphatidylcholine species, three cholesterol esters, one dihydroceramide, and one phosphatidylethanolamine. The Supramolecular Phospholipid Composite (SPC) was reduced in all ICU patients, while the composite markers of acute phase glycoproteins were increased in the sepsis and septic shock patients within 48 h admission into ICU. We show that the plasma metabolic phenotype obtained within 48 h of ICU admission is diagnostic for the presence of sepsis and that septic shock can be differentiated from sepsis based on the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lodge
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Litton
- Intensive
Care Unit, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Intensive
Care Unit, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, WA 6009, Australia
- School
of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Monique Ryan
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision
Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, CIC
bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico
de Bizkaia, Bld. 800, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Mark Fear
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Raby
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- School
of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Wesfarmers
Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona Wood
- Burn
Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona
Wood Foundation, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Burns
service of Western Australia, WA Department
of Health, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, U.K.
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Center
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and
Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Center, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and
Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander
Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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El-Deeb W, Abdelghani MA, Alhaider A, Al-Hammadi M, Gomaa N, Venugopala K, Fayez M. Exploring oxidative stress, immunological and metabolic biomarkers in dairy cows with postpartum pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14559. [PMID: 38591742 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyometra is a prevalent and severe infectious disease that affects the reproductive systems of cattle worldwide. This study's main goal was to investigate the biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS), adiponectin, leptin and neopterin (NPT) in cows suffering from postpartum pyometra. The study also aimed to determine which bacteria were most commonly implicated in the development of the disease. A total of 74 cows with pyometra were examined and compared to a control group of healthy cows (n = 20). In comparison to the healthy control and post-treatment groups, the pyometra group showed higher mean values of leptin, adiponectin and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mean values were lower in the pyometra group as compared to the post-treatment and control groups. NPT levels in the post-treatment groups were lower than those in cows with pyometra but comparable to the healthy control group (p > .05). When compared to the other biomarkers, NPT, leptin and adiponectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity in identifying pyometra cases (AUC ≥0.99). The predominant bacterial isolates from the ptomtra-affected cows consisted of Escherichia coli (N = 29; 39.2%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (N = 27; 36.5%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (N = 13; 17.6%). Mixed infection was determined in nine samples (12.2%). Conclusively, OS, adiponectin, leptin and NPT play crucial roles in comprehending the development of postpartum pyometra in cows and have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdelghani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alhaider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa Gomaa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
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Mazzatenta A, Pietrangelo T, Demontis R, D’Ovidio C. Volabolomic Fingerprinting for Post-Mortem Interval Estimation: A Novel Physiological Approach. Biomolecules 2024; 14:286. [PMID: 38540706 PMCID: PMC10968422 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Death is a multifaceted process wherein each individual cell and tissue has a metabolic homeostasis and a time of functional cessation defined by the dying process as well as by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Decomposition is physiologically associated with the release of different types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and these form volaboloma mortis. The main purpose of this study was to record the volabolomic fingerprint produced by volatile molecules during the physiological decomposition process of human tissue and muscle cells. The volatile chemical signature has important implications for an open issue in forensics and pathology, namely the estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI), which decreases in accuracy with the passage of time. Volatile metabolites emitted from human tissues and muscle cells at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were recorded in real time with an electronic nose sensor device. The key findings were the continuous sampling of VOCs emitted from tissues and cells. These showed a common behavior as time progressed; particularly, after 48 h the distributions became dispersed, and after 72 h they became more variable. Volabolomic fingerprinting associated with time progression relevant to the study of PMIs was reconstructed. Additionally, there may be broader applications, such as in dog training procedures for detecting human remains, and perhaps even for studying scavenger and insect attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mazzatenta
- Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science Department, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science Department, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Cristian D’Ovidio
- Medicine and Aging Sciences Department, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Inno G, Takahashi Y, Naruko T, Matsumura Y, Abe Y, Aoyama T, Morisaki A, Nishiya K, Ueda M, Shibata T. Enhanced expression of neopterin in valve tissue of bicuspid aortic stenosis. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:191-200. [PMID: 38410556 PMCID: PMC10894393 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Aortic valve stenosis (AS) occurs in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients at a relatively young age compared to tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients. However, the underlying cause of this phenomenon remains unknown. Neopterin, which is a by-product of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) pathway, enhances the oxidative potential of reactive oxygen species. To clarify the role of neopterin in the aortic valve, we immunohistochemically studied the presence of neopterin in aortic valve specimens from patients with AS harboring either TAV or BAV. Methods Frozen aortic valve samples were surgically obtained from 68 patients with severe AS with TAV (n=34) and BAV (n=34). Normal aortic valves were obtained from cadavers who died of non-cardiovascular causes as controls (n=9). Samples were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, neopterin, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Results Quantitative analysis showed that the percentage of macrophages, 4-HNE- and neopterin-positive macrophage score, and the number of T lymphocytes were significantly higher in BAV patients than in TAV patients (macrophages, P=0.013; T lymphocytes, P=0.011; neopterin, P<0.001; 4-HNE, P=0.008). Double immunostaining for neopterin and macrophages demonstrated that most neopterin-positive cells were macrophages in BAV patients. Conclusions Neopterin accumulation in macrophages may increase oxidative stress and contribute to the early onset of AS in BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goki Inno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Naruko
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Morisaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Nishiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Ueda
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Krčmová LK, Matoušová K, Javorská L, Šmahel P, Skála M, Koblížek V, Škop J, Turoňová D, Gančarčíková M, Melichar B. Neopterin and kynurenine in serum and urine as prognostic biomarkers in hospitalized patients with delta and omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2053-2064. [PMID: 37285602 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, no biomarker or scoring system could clearly identify patients at risk of progression to a severe coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Even in patients with known risk factors, the fulminant course cannot be predicted with certainty. Analysis of commonly determined clinical parameters (frailty score, age, or body mass index) together with routine biomarkers of host response (C-reactive protein and viral nucleocapsid protein) in combination with new biomarkers neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan, could aid in predicting the patient outcome. METHODS In 2021 and 2022, urine and serum samples were prospectively collected on 1st to 4th day after hospital admission in 108 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Delta and omicron virus variants were studied. Neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan were determined by liquid chromatography. RESULTS A significant correlation was observed between urinary and serum biomarker concentrations. Urinary and serum neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in patients who subsequently needed oxygen therapy vs. patients without oxygen therapy. These parameters were also significantly increased in patients who died during the hospitalization compared to survivors. Complex equations have been derived using the investigated biomarkers and other clinical or laboratory parameters to predict the risk of subsequent oxygen therapy or death during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Present data demonstrate that neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in the serum or in the urine represent promising biomarkers in the management of COVID-19 that may help to guide important therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmahel
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Skála
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Koblížek
- Pulmonary Department, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Turoňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Gančarčíková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Tezcan D, Onmaz DE, Sivrikaya A, Hakbilen S, Körez MK, Gülcemal S, Yılmaz S. Assessment of serum neopterin and calprotectin as biomarkers for subclinical inflammation in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2015-2022. [PMID: 36163581 PMCID: PMC9512987 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common autoinflammatory disease characterized by short, repeated, and self-limiting attacks of fever and serositis. Subclinical inflammation can persist in the periods with no symptoms and result in amyloidosis even with colchicine treatment. Neopterin and calprotectin have been considered essential players in inflammation and immune response. AIM The study was aimed to measure serum levels of neopterin and calprotectin in patients with FMF in the attack-free period. METHODS A total of 160 participants were recruited from the rheumatology department in this single-center, case-control study. Individuals having the inclusion criteria were divided into healthy controls (n = 80) and FMF (n = 80). The laboratory data were acquired from the electronic registration database. Serum calprotectin and neopterin were measured with ELISA test kits. FMF patients and healthy controls' laboratory findings were compared. RESULTS FMF patients' serum red cell distribution width (RDW), calprotectin, and neopterin values were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between calprotectin and neopterin regarding gender, family history, and colchicine response of the FMF patients. CONCLUSIONS Calprotectin, neopterin, and RDW can be valuable marker candidates to be used in the follow-up of subclinical inflammation in FMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Tezcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Division of Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Division of Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Selda Hakbilen
- Division of Rheumatology Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazım Körez
- Division of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, 42130 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Semral Gülcemal
- Division of Rheumatology Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sema Yılmaz
- Division of Rheumatology Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, 42130 Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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Leveque C, Mrakic Sposta S, Theunissen S, Germonpré P, Lambrechts K, Vezzoli A, Gussoni M, Levenez M, Lafère P, Guerrero F, Balestra C. Oxidative Stress Response Kinetics after 60 Minutes at Different Levels (10% or 15%) of Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10188. [PMID: 37373334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the metabolic responses of hypoxic breathing for 1 h to inspired fractions of 10% and 15% oxygen were investigated. To this end, 14 healthy nonsmoking subjects (6 females and 8 males, age: 32.2 ± 13.3 years old (mean ± SD), height: 169.1 ± 9.9 cm, and weight: 61.6 ± 16.2 kg) volunteered for the study. Blood samples were taken before, and at 30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h after a 1 h hypoxic exposure. The level of oxidative stress was evaluated by considering reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammation by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neopterin, while antioxidant systems were observed in terms of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and urates. Hypoxia abruptly and rapidly increased ROS, while TAC showed a U-shape pattern, with a nadir between 30 min and 2 h. The regulation of ROS and NOx could be explained by the antioxidant action of uric acid and creatinine. The kinetics of ROS allowed for the stimulation of the immune system translated by an increase in neopterin, IL-6, and NOx. This study provides insights into the mechanisms through which acute hypoxia affects various bodily functions and how the body sets up the protective mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Leveque
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Simona Mrakic Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Sigrid Theunissen
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Germonpré
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Hyperbaric Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Maristella Gussoni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta", National Research Council (SCITEC-CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Levenez
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lafère
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Guerrero
- Laboratoire ORPHY, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 93837 Brest, France
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Motor Sciences Department, Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Heneberk O, Wurfelova E, Radochova V. Neopterin, the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Biomarker, in Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review of a More than Fifty Years Old Biomarker. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051294. [PMID: 37238968 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neopterin is a biomarker of the activation of cellular immunity. The purpose of this review is to summarise neopterin metabolism, methods of its detection, and its role in inflammation, focusing on periodontal inflammatory diseases. This derivative of guanosine is a non-enzymatic product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation caused by free radicals which protect activated macrophages from oxidative stress. Various methods, usually based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay, high-performance liquid chromatography, or radioimmunoassay were developed for the isolation of neopterin. A wide spectrum of diseases and conditions are known to affect neopterin levels, including cardiovascular, bacterial, viral, and degenerative diseases, as well as malignant tumours. Neopterin levels were found to increase in subjects with periodontitis, especially when the oral fluid and gingival crevicular fluid were evaluated. These findings confirm the role of activated macrophages and cellular immunity in periodontal inflammatory diseases. The gingival crevicular fluid and the oral fluid appear to be the most valuable biologic fluids for the evaluation of neopterin levels in periodontitis. For gingival crevicular fluid, neopterin can be determined as the concentration or the so-called total amount. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was associated with a decrease in neopterin levels, but an increase was also reported, suggesting the possible role of macrophages in the resolution of the periodontal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Heneberk
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Wurfelova
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Radochova
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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11
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Cavaleri D, Bartoli F, Capogrosso CA, Guzzi P, Moretti F, Riboldi I, Misiak B, Kishi T, Rubin RT, Fuchs D, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Blood concentrations of neopterin and biopterin in subjects with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110633. [PMID: 36089162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pteridines, such as neopterin, biopterin, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), may be involved in depression pathophysiology owing to their links to immune-inflammatory response, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and monoaminergic transmission. Nonetheless, studies assessing pteridines in depression are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing blood pteridine concentrations between subjects with depression and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo for articles indexed through November 2021. Study quality was appraised, evaluating age and gender comparability between groups, sample representativeness, and methods to assess depression. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out, generating pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs). Heterogeneity across studies was estimated using the I2 statistic. RESULTS Twenty-four studies, involving 3075 subjects, were included. Individuals with depression showed blood neopterin concentrations higher than HCs (k = 19; SMD = 0.36; p < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 58.2%). No moderating role of age, gender, or type of blood sample was found. Sensitivity analyses showed no impact of inconsistency and quality of studies on findings. Neopterin concentrations were higher among individuals with major depressive disorder compared to HCs (SMD = 0.44; p < 0.001). This held true also when considering only drug-free subjects (SMD = 0.68; p = 0.003). No differences in biopterin concentrations were found between subjects with depression and HCs (k = 5; SMD = -0.35; p = 0.086), though this result was limited by inconsistency of findings (I2 = 77.9%) and quality of studies. Finally, no sufficient data were available for a meta-analysis on BH4. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, our work partly supports the hypothesis of an imbalance of pteridine metabolism in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavaleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Chiara A Capogrosso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Pierluca Guzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Robert T Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Community Memorial Health System, Ventura County Medical Center, 147 N Brent St, Ventura, CA 93003, United States
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
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12
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Bonicelli A, Mickleburgh HL, Chighine A, Locci E, Wescott DJ, Procopio N. The 'ForensOMICS' approach for postmortem interval estimation from human bone by integrating metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics. eLife 2022; 11:e83658. [PMID: 36583441 PMCID: PMC9803353 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined use of multiple omics allows to study complex interrelated biological processes in their entirety. We applied a combination of metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics to human bones to investigate their combined potential to estimate time elapsed since death (i.e., the postmortem interval [PMI]). This 'ForensOMICS' approach has the potential to improve accuracy and precision of PMI estimation of skeletonized human remains, thereby helping forensic investigators to establish the timeline of events surrounding death. Anterior midshaft tibial bone was collected from four female body donors before their placement at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility owned by the Forensic Anthropological Center at Texas State (FACTS). Bone samples were again collected at selected PMIs (219-790-834-872days). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to obtain untargeted metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiles from the pre- and post-placement bone samples. The three omics blocks were investigated independently by univariate and multivariate analyses, followed by Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for Omics studies (DIABLO), to identify the reduced number of markers describing postmortem changes and discriminating the individuals based on their PMI. The resulting model showed that pre-placement metabolome, lipidome and proteome profiles were clearly distinguishable from post-placement ones. Metabolites in the pre-placement samples suggested an extinction of the energetic metabolism and a switch towards another source of fuelling (e.g., structural proteins). We were able to identify certain biomolecules with an excellent potential for PMI estimation, predominantly the biomolecules from the metabolomics block. Our findings suggest that, by targeting a combination of compounds with different postmortem stability, in the future we could be able to estimate both short PMIs, by using metabolites and lipids, and longer PMIs, by using proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonicelli
- The Forensic Science Unit, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Hayley L Mickleburgh
- Amsterdam Centre for Ancient Studies and Archaeology (ACASA) – Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State UniversitySan MarcosUnited States
| | - Alberto Chighine
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of CagliariMonserratoItaly
| | - Emanuela Locci
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of CagliariMonserratoItaly
| | - Daniel J Wescott
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State UniversitySan MarcosUnited States
| | - Noemi Procopio
- The Forensic Science Unit, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
- Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State UniversitySan MarcosUnited States
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13
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Insights into Molecular Structure of Pterins Suitable for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315222. [PMID: 36499560 PMCID: PMC9737128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterins are an inseparable part of living organisms. Pterins participate in metabolic reactions mostly as tetrahydropterins. Dihydropterins are usually intermediates of these reactions, whereas oxidized pterins can be biomarkers of diseases. In this review, we analyze the available data on the quantum chemistry of unconjugated pterins as well as their photonics. This gives a comprehensive overview about the electronic structure of pterins and offers some benefits for biomedicine applications: (1) one can affect the enzymatic reactions of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, NO synthases, and alkylglycerol monooxygenase through UV irradiation of H4pterins since UV provokes electron donor reactions of H4pterins; (2) the emission properties of H2pterins and oxidized pterins can be used in fluorescence diagnostics; (3) two-photon absorption (TPA) should be used in such pterin-related infrared therapy because single-photon absorption in the UV range is inefficient and scatters in vivo; (4) one can affect pathogen organisms through TPA excitation of H4pterin cofactors, such as the molybdenum cofactor, leading to its detachment from proteins and subsequent oxidation; (5) metal nanostructures can be used for the UV-vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy detection of pterin biomarkers. Therefore, we investigated both the biochemistry and physical chemistry of pterins and suggested some potential prospects for pterin-related biomedicine.
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14
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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15
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Peng X, Zhao Z, Liu L, Bai L, Tong R, Yang H, Zhong L. Targeting Indoleamine Dioxygenase and Tryptophan Dioxygenase in Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Progress and Challenges. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2639-2657. [PMID: 35965963 PMCID: PMC9374094 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s373780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2.3-dioxygenases (IDO1/2) and tryptophan 2.3-dioxygenase (TDO) are the initial and rate-limiting enzymes in tryptophan metabolism, which play an essential role in mediating immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence has indicated that both IDO1 and TDO are highly expressed in many malignant tumors, and their expression is generally associated with reduced tumor-infiltrating immune cells, increased regulatory T-cell infiltration, as well as cancer progression and poor prognosis for malignancies. A large number of IDO1 and TDO inhibitors have been screened or synthesized in the last two decades. Thus far, at least 12 antagonists targeting IDO1 and TDO have advanced to clinical trials. In this account, we conducted a comprehensive review of the development of IDO1 and TDO inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy, particularly their clinical research progress, and presented the current challenges and corresponding solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerun Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengrun District People’s Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- POWERCHINA Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Assessment of Specific Tumoral Markers, Inflammatory Status, and Vitamin D Metabolism before and after the First Chemotherapy Cycle in Patients with Lung Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071033. [PMID: 36101414 PMCID: PMC9312139 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the changes of inflammatory status reflected by serum levels of chitotriosidase (CHT) and neopterin, and how specific tumor markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), as well as vitamin D metabolism assessed by vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3), were modified after the first cycle of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods: We performed this first pilot study on twenty patients diagnosed with lung cancer by investigating the serum concentrations of CHT, neopterin, NSE, SCCA, VDR and 25OHD3 before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Results: The post-treatment values of NSE were significantly lower compared to the pre-treatment levels (14.37 vs. 17.10 ng/mL, p = 0.031). We noticed a similar trend in neopterin levels, but the difference was only marginally significant (1.44 vs. 1.17 ng/mL, p = 0.069). On the contrary, the variations of circulating SCCA, CHT, neopterin, VDR and 25OHD3, before and after treatment, did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Only circulating NSE was treatment responsive to the first chemotherapy cycle in patients with lung cancer, while inflammatory markers and vitamin D status were not significantly modified.
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17
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Musaelyan A, Lapin S, Urtenova M, Odintsova S, Chistyakov I, Ulitin A, Akopov A, Orlov S. Inflammatory and autoimmune predictive markers of response to anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 therapy in NSCLC and melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:557. [PMID: 35978940 PMCID: PMC9366266 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a standard in cancer therapy, but few patients respond to the treatment. The aim of the present study was the determination of immunological markers for monitoring response to ICI. The present study included 74 patients receiving ICI in subsequent [group 1; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and first-line setting (group 2; melanoma) and 30 patients with NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy. In groups 1 and 2 β-2 microglobulin (B2-MG), neopterin (NPT), IL-6, IL-18, HLA-DRB1 and autoantibodies were assessed after two months of ICI, and before the start of next administration in group 3. In group 1 low level of B2-MG (P<0.0001), NPT (P<0.0001), IL-6 (P<0.0001), IL-18 (P=0.0003), HLA-DRB1*03 (P=0.016) and anti-TPO antibodies (P=0.016) were associated with response >six months. In group 2 high level of B2-MG (P=0.0001), NPT (P=0.0016), IL-6 (P=0.013) and IL-18 (P=0.032) were associated with early disease progression (<six months). Univariate analysis demonstrated that immune-related adverse events were predictive marker of prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in group 1 (P=0.038) and 2 (P=0.020). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥5 before immunotherapy was correlated with shorter PFS in melanoma in multivariate analysis (P=0.007). B2-MG ≥2.5 mg/ml (P=0.006) and NPT ≥12 nmol/l (P=0.027) were predictors of shorter PFS in group 1. B2-MG ≥2.5 mg/ml was predictor of shorter PFS (P=0.008) in group 2. In group 1 levels of B2-MG, NPT, IL-6 and IL-18 were higher than in group 3. In summary, immunological markers are promising predictive markers for immunotherapy; however, it requires further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Musaelyan
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Sergey Lapin
- Laboratory for Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Margarita Urtenova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Svetlana Odintsova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Ivan Chistyakov
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Andrey Ulitin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Andrey Akopov
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Sergey Orlov
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
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18
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Ikemoto K, Sumi-Ichinose C, Suganuma Y, Kano T, Ihira N, Nagatsu T, Kondo K. Salivary neopterin and related pterins: their comparison to those in plasma and changes in individuals. J Biochem 2021; 170:559-567. [PMID: 34181024 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neopterin (NP), biopterin (BP) and monapterin (MP) exist in saliva. The physiological role of salivary NP as well as the pathophysiological role of increased NP in the immune-activated state has been unclear. Saliva is a characteristic specimen different from other body fluids. In this study, we analysed salivary NP and related pterin compounds, BP and MP and revealed some of its feature. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of saliva and plasma obtained from 26 volunteers revealed that salivary NP existed mostly in its fully oxidized form. The results suggested that salivary NP as well as BP would mostly originate from the oral cavity, perhaps the salivary glands, and that salivary NP levels might not reflect those in the plasma. We also found that a gender difference existed in correlations between concentrations of salivary total concentrations of NP (tNP) and BP (tBP). HPLC analysis of saliva obtained from 5 volunteers revealed that the concentrations of salivary tNP as well as tBP fluctuated in an irregular fashion in various individuals. MP, a diastereomer of NP, might have come from oral cavity NP itself or its precursor. These results indicated that the nature of salivary NP might be different from that of NP in the blood or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Ikemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Chiho Sumi-Ichinose
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yui Suganuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taiki Kano
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Noriko Ihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunao Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Pospíšková M, Strouhal O, Hlídková E, Vlachová Z, Melichar B, Doležel M. Circulating concentrations of citrulline, neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan during chemoradiation in patients with cervical carcinoma. Pteridines 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in circulating concentrations of citrulline, neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan during the course of chemoradiation in patients with cervical cancer. Sixteen patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the uterine cervix, aged 53 ± 15 years (range 29–76 years), were included in this study. Plasma neopterin, kynurenine, and tryptophan were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma citrulline was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to baseline, citrulline concentration was markedly and statistically significantly decreased at visits 2, 3, and 4, while returning to pretreatment concentrations at visit 5. A significant increase in serum neopterin concentrations was observed at visits 4 and 5. With the exception of decreased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at visit 3, no significant changes were observed in the concentrations of kynurenine, tryptophan, and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio throughout the course of the treatment. In conclusion, present data demonstrate that citrulline concentrations decrease early and neopterin concentrations increase late during the course of chemoradiation in patients with cervical carcinoma. Citrulline represents a biomarker of intestinal toxicity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Pospíšková
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6 , 775 20 Olomouc , Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, Tomáš Baťa Regional Hospital , Zlín , Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6 , 775 20 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hlídková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vlachová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6 , 775 20 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6 , 775 20 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Doležel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, University Hospital , I.P. Pavlova 6 , 775 20 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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20
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Integration of IgG and IgA autoantibodies for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:423-429. [PMID: 34728178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoantibodes against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been recommended for the early diagnosis of malignancies. In this study, we intend to comprehensively evaluate the performances of four autoantibodies including anti-p53, CTAG1A, TIF1γ-IgG and anti-TIF1γ-IgA for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and then determine an optimal panel of autoantibodies for early HCC diagnosis. METHODS The performances of four autoantibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the early diagnosis of HCC with 380 retrospective serum samples. A training set comprised of 92 patients with early HCC, 72 patients with hepatic benign lesions (HBL), and 86 healthy controls (HC) was used to develop the predictive model for early HCC. And then, data obtained from an independent validation set was applied to evaluate and validate the predictive model to distinguish the early HCC from the controls (HBL + HC). RESULTS The results of the training set showed the levels and positive rates of four autoantibodies in early HCC group were significantly higher than that in HBL group/HC group (P < 0.01), of which anti-p53-IgG exhibited the highest AUC of 0.679, with 33.7% sensitivity at 93.7% specificity; the panel comprised of four autoantibodies showed the highest AUC for the patients with early HCC, up to 0.814 (95%CI 0.760-0.860), with 72.8% sensitivity at 84.2% specificity among all possible combinations of four autoantibodies. Additionally, this four-autoantibody panel showed the AUC of 0.824, 70.8% sensitivity at 84.2% specificity in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS Serum IgG autoantibodies against p53, CTAG1A and TIF1γ, and IgA autoantibody against TIF1γ present the diagnostic value for early HCC, of which anti-p53-IgG is a preferable biomarker. The panel comprised of four autoantibodies might contribute to early HCC diagnosis.
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21
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Lanser L, Fuchs D, Kurz K, Weiss G. Physiology and Inflammation Driven Pathophysiology of Iron Homeostasis-Mechanistic Insights into Anemia of Inflammation and Its Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:3732. [PMID: 34835988 PMCID: PMC8619077 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio-vascular performance of patients. Anemia of inflammation (AI) is caused by disturbances of iron metabolism resulting in iron retention within macrophages, a reduced erythrocyte half-life, and cytokine mediated inhibition of erythropoietin function and erythroid progenitor cell differentiation. AI is mostly mild to moderate, normochromic and normocytic, and characterized by low circulating iron, but normal and increased levels of the storage protein ferritin and the iron hormone hepcidin. The primary therapeutic approach for AI is treatment of the underlying inflammatory disease which mostly results in normalization of hemoglobin levels over time unless other pathologies such as vitamin deficiencies, true iron deficiency on the basis of bleeding episodes, or renal insufficiency are present. If the underlying disease and/or anemia are not resolved, iron supplementation therapy and/or treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents may be considered whereas blood transfusions are an emergency treatment for life-threatening anemia. New treatments with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia inducible factors emerge but their therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AI in ill patients needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.L.); (K.K.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Sanajou S, Şahin G. Mechanistic Biomarkers in Toxicology. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:376-384. [PMID: 34157829 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are important parameters that are reliable, applicable, reproducible, and generally inexpensive. All biomarkers have a significant role in human health, especially mechanistic biomarkers, which are the most important for the prevention of toxic effects and diseases. They demonstrate the possibility of diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence, and spread of disease. Furthermore, they show the exposure levels to numerous chemical, biological, and physical agents. To date, the development and application of biomarkers require the knowledge of mechanisms underlying their production. Therefore, the present study focused on the possible mechanistic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanajou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Gönül Şahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, Turkey
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23
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Vernerová A, Krčmová LK, Heneberk O, Radochová V, Strouhal O, Kašparovský A, Melichar B, Švec F. Chromatographic method for the determination of inflammatory biomarkers and uric acid in human saliva. Talanta 2021; 233:122598. [PMID: 34215086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of concentration of biomarkers of the activation of immune system, uric acid, and creatinine in the saliva can be useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of early manifestations of diseases such as malignant, inflammatory, and periodontal disorders. We have developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with fluorescence and diode array detection for the separation and quantification of neopterin, tryptophan, creatinine, uric acid, and kynurenine in the human saliva. A separation of these analytes was achieved within 9 min by using second-generation monolithic stationary phase and elution with phosphate buffer. The present method involves very simple sample preparation requiring small amount of sample matrix. The internal standard 3-nitro-l-tyrosine was used for a more precise quantification. The sensitivity of the present method was demonstrated with lower limits of quantification of 0.6 × 10-3 μmol/L for neopterin, 0.725 μmol/L for tryptophan, 0.12 μmol/L for creatinine, 0.18 μmol/L for uric acid, and 0.135 μmol/L for kynurenine. The method was validated with 67 real-life saliva samples collected from patients suffering from breast, ovarian, colorectal, and renal cancer, and 19 saliva samples from patients with periodontal diseases and allowed monitoring of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vernerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Heneberk
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Radochová
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové, 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Kašparovský
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Palacký University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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Hailemichael W, Kiros M, Akelew Y, Getu S, Andualem H. Neopterin: A Promising Candidate Biomarker for Severe COVID-19. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:245-251. [PMID: 33564258 PMCID: PMC7866915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s290264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has rapidly spread across the world since its first emergence in China in late 2019. It is a major public health concern with no effective treatct 3ments. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is also associated with the severity of the disease in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Neopterin is a macrophage activation marker produced by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin is a well-established marker in a variety of diseases, and recent evidence indicates that it could be helpful in early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 disease and serve as a prognostic marker. Here, we outline the role of macrophage activation syndrome in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that neopterin could be used as a biomarker for progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasihun Hailemichael
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kiros
- Medical Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getu
- Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Immunology and Molecular Biology, Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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26
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The potential role of neopterin in Covid-19: a new perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4161-4166. [PMID: 34319496 PMCID: PMC8317144 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neopterin (NPT) is a member of pteridines group, synthesized by macrophages when stimulated by interferon gamma (INF-γ). NPT is regarded as a macrophage stimulation indicator, marker of cellular immune activation and T helper 1 (Th1) type 1 immune response. Here, we aimed to provide a view point on the NPT features and role in Covid-19. Serum NPT level is regarded as an independent prognostic factor for Covid-19 severity, with levels starting to increase from the 3rd day of SARS-CoV-2 infection, being associated with severe dyspnea, longer hospitalization period and complications. Also, early raise of NPT reflects monocytes/macrophages activation before antibody immune response, despite the NPT level may also remain high in Covid-19 patients or at the end of incubation period before the onset of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, NPT attenuates the activity of macrophage foam cells and is linked to endothelial inflammation through inhibition of adhesion molecules and monocytes migration. However, NPT also exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasomes. NPT can be viewed as a protective compensatory mechanism to counterpoise hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, and associated organ damage.
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27
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Hejrati A, Taghadosi M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Hosseinzadeh S, Bashash D, Esmaili M, Zafari P. Neopterin serum level does not reflect the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2563-2571. [PMID: 33089617 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by established chronic inflammation. Neopterin levels have extensively been considered as a marker of immune activation during inflammation. In this study, we performed a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis to elucidate the overall relationship between neopterin concentration and RA disease activity. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2000 to August 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of eligible studies. The effect size (ES) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate this association. A total of 15 studies out of 98 met our inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis found that patients with RA had high level of neopterin; however, no statistically significant association was found between neopterin levels with high, intermediate, and low diseases activity score (DAS)-28 (ES =11.18, 95% CI: 6.02 to 16.34, and I2 = 91.8%; and ES = 8.57, 95% CI: 6.41 to 10.37, and I2 = 99.5%; and ES =12.45, 95% CI: -1.68 to 26.58, and I2 = 99.0%, respectively). Our results indicated that the neopterin concentration does not seem to have any substantial impact on the RA disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hejrati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hazrate-Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Esmaili
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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28
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Lessons from the Embryo: an Unrejected Transplant and a Benign Tumor. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:850-861. [PMID: 33225425 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is regarded the 'miracle of life', yet numerous aspects of this process are not fully understood. As the embryo grows in the mother's womb, immune components, stem cells and microenvironmental cues cooperate among others to promote embryonic development. Evidently, these key players are frequently associated with transplantation failure and tumor growth. While the fields of transplantation and cancer biology do not overlap, both can be viewed from the perspective of an embryo. As an 'unrejected transplant' and a 'benign tumor', lessons from embryonic development may reveal features of transplants and tumors that have been overlooked. Therefore, eavesdropping at these natural complex events during pregnancy may inspire more durable approaches to arrest transplant rejection or cancer progression.
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29
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Bartoušková M, Hrouzková M, Čtvrtlík F, Petrová P, Rušarová N, Kučerová K, Vernerová A, Melichar B, Študentová H. Potential utilization of neopterin measurements in the assessment of pyrexia in metastatic melanoma treated with combined targeted therapy: a case report. Pteridines 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In patients with metastatic melanoma the advent of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has transformed the management of advanced and metastatic disease, resulting in improved outcomes. Neopterin is a biomarker of immune activation increased in cancer as well as in other conditions associated with immune activation. We present a case of a patient with advanced metastatic melanoma responding to the combination targeted therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib. The treatment was complicated by a fever that was accompanied by a marked rise in serum and urinary neopterin concentrations. Present case report illustrates not only the efficacy of combined targeted therapy, but also the utilization of neopterin measurements in the diagnosis and monitoring of pyrexia in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bartoušková
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hrouzková
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Filip Čtvrtlík
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Petrová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Nikol Rušarová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kučerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Charles University , Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vernerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Charles University , Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Študentová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital , Palacký University Olomouc , Czech Republic
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30
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Wakabayashi I, Nakanishi M, Ohki M, Suehiro A, Uchida K. A simple and useful method for evaluation of oxidative stress in vivo by spectrofluorometric estimation of urinary pteridines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11223. [PMID: 32641855 PMCID: PMC7343776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pteridine derivatives are intermediate metabolites of folic acid and its cofactors. Oxidized-form pteridines, but not reduced-form pteridines, are fluorescent substances. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether oxidized-form pteridine level in urine, estimated by spectrofluorometry, reflects oxidative stress in vivo. The subjects were healthy middle-aged men (n = 258). Urinary pteridine level was estimated by spectrofluorometry with an excitation wavelength of 360 nm and an emission wavelength of 450 nm. Relationships of urinary pteridines with oxidative stress markers (urinary DNA/RNA oxidation products and 15-isoprostane F2t) and with smoking were analyzed. Concentrations of pteridines, DNA/RNA oxidation products and 15-isoprostane F2t were used after logarithmic transformation in linear analyses. Pteridine levels were significantly correlated with levels of DNA/RNA oxidation products (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.626, p < 0.01) and 15-isoprostane F2t (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.695, p < 0.01). These correlations were not confounded by age, body mass index, history of smoking and estimated glomerular filtration rate in multivariate analysis. The mean urinary pteridine level was significantly higher in heavy smokers (16 cigarettes or more per day) than in nonsmokers and light smokers (less than 16 cigarettes per day) and was higher in light smokers than in nonsmokers. Thus, urinary fluorometric pteridine levels were shown to be associated with known biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as smoking, which causes oxidative stress in vivo. We propose spectrofluorometrical estimation of urinary pteridines as a simple and useful method for evaluation of oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Wakabayashi
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Makoto Ohki
- Mibyoumarker Laboratory Co., Ltd., Osaka, 530-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Suehiro
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Hyogo, 650-8530, Japan
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Yalcin S, Demir ME, Ozturk R, Kılınç AŞ, Suer H, Karahan I. Prognostic effects of SuPAR and Neopterin Levels on Patients with Lung Cancer. Pteridines 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Two unique biomarkers, soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and neopterin, play a crucial role in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to reveal whether it is possible to utilize these biomarkers in predicting tumor prognosis in patients with lung cancers.
Methods: The present study was designed as a single center, prospective, and controlled research. The study was conducted with forty patients with lung cancer (case group) and 41 healthy individuals (control group) in Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine between 2016-2020. The case group was also divided into two of the early and advanced stages. The blood samples were drawn to evaluate suPAR and neopterin levels, and these parameters were compared between the case and control groups. Also, the prognostic effects of age, stage of the tumor, and the levels of mentioned parameters were investigated with the survival analysis.
Results: The median duration of the follow-up was 32 (4-75) months. suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be higher in the case group than in the control group. Cox regression showed that the high levels of neopterin and suPAR increased mortality risk [p=0.002, HR: 1.25 (1.08-1.45 95%CI) and p=0.023, HR:1.07 (1.01-1.13), respectively]. Finally, age and stage of the tumor were found to have no relationship with survival.
Conclusion: suPAR and neopterin as members of the inflammatory pathway were found to be higher in cancer cases. Furthermore, both suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be predictive for the mortality of patients with lung cancers; therefore, they are thought to be used for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Yalcin
- Kırıkkale University , Department of Medical Oncology , Kirikkale , Turkey , 71100
| | - Mehmet Emin Demir
- Yeni Yuzyil University , Department of Nephrology , Istanbul , Turkey , 34100
| | - Reyhan Ozturk
- Kecioren Training and Education Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases , Ankara , Turkey , 06310
| | - Aytün Şadan Kılınç
- Ankara Training ve Education Hospital , Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Ankara , Turkey , 06320
| | - Hatice Suer
- Ankara Training ve Education Hospital , Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Ankara , Turkey , 06320
| | - Irfan Karahan
- Kırıkkale University , Department of Internal Medicine , Kirikkale , 71100
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Dąbrowski R, Wdowiak A, Szczubiał M, Krakowski L, Brodzki P, Bochniarz M, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes in interferon-gamma and neopterin in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy as elective spay or as treatment of pyometra. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2020; 84:230-234. [PMID: 32801459 PMCID: PMC7301675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine serum concentrations of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and neopterin (Np) in dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical treatment and to compare these concentrations to healthy dogs admitted for elective spay. The effects of the surgical procedure were also evaluated by measuring these markers in both groups of dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy. Our study indicates that pre-surgery concentrations of INF-γ (57.4 ± 26.0 pg/mL) and Np (5.6 ± 0.8 nmol/L) in healthy dogs were significantly lower compared to dogs with pyometra (124.3 ± 87.6 pg/mL for INF-γ; 7.0 ± 1.5 nmol/L for Np) (P < 0.05 in both cases). Furthermore, Np was lower in dogs with pyometra 3 days after surgery compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). During the post-operative period, INF-γ showed no statistically significant changes in any of the groups, while Np showed lower serum concentration on day 3 than on day 0 in the pyometra group (P < 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was detected between serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np. These results indicate that pyometra causes alterations in serum concentrations of INF-γ and Np in female dogs compared to physiological levels before surgery and during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Leszek Krakowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Mariola Bochniarz
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Gleboka 30 Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland (Dąbrowski, Wdowiak, Szczubiał, Krakowski, Brodzki, Bochniarz); Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Tvarijonaviciute)
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Baxter-Parker G, Prebble HM, Cross S, Steyn N, Shchepetkina A, Hock BD, Cousins A, Gieseg SP. Neopterin formation through radical scavenging of superoxide by the macrophage synthesised antioxidant 7,8-dihydroneopterin. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:142-151. [PMID: 32145301 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical measurement of neopterin has been extensively used as a marker of inflammation but the in vivo mechanism generating neopterin is poorly understood. Neopterin is described as the oxidation product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin, a potent antioxidant generated by monocyte/macrophages in response to interferon-γ. While peroxyl and hydroxyl scavenging generates dihydroxanthopterin, hypochlorite efficiently oxidises 7,8-dihydroneopterin into neopterin, but this reaction alone does not explain the high levels of neopterin seen in clinical data. Here, we examine whether superoxide scavenging by 7,8-dihydroneopterin generates neopterin. U937 cells incubated with oxLDL showed a time dependent increase superoxide and 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation to neopterin. Neopterin generation in oxLDL or phorbol ester treated U937 cells or human monocytes was inhibited by apocynin and PEG-SOD. Addition of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) had no effect of the superoxide generation or neopterin formation. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin reacted with superoxide/hydroxy radical mixtures generated by X-ray radiolysis to give neopterin. Formation of neopterin by superoxide derived from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Neopterin formation was inhibited by apocynin in phorbol ester treated human carotid plaque rings in tissue culture. These results indicate that 7,8-dihydroneopterin scavenges superoxide and is subsequently oxidised into neopterin in cellular and cell-free experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Baxter-Parker
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hannah M Prebble
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sean Cross
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Steyn
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anastasia Shchepetkina
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Cousins
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Christchurch Hospital, Canterbury District Health Board, New Zealand
| | - Steven P Gieseg
- Free Radical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Radiology, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
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Lanser L, Kink P, Egger EM, Willenbacher W, Fuchs D, Weiss G, Kurz K. Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32153576 PMCID: PMC7047328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with cancer suffer from anemia, depression, and an impaired quality of life (QoL). These patients often also show decreased plasma tryptophan levels and increased kynurenine concentrations in parallel with elevated concentrations of Th1 type immune activation marker neopterin. In the course of anti-tumor immune response, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induces both, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to degrade tryptophan and the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase I to form neopterin. High neopterin concentrations as well as an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in the blood of cancer patients are predictive for a worse outcome. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway is related to fatigue and anemia as well as to depression and a decreased QoL in patients with solid tumors. In fact, enhanced tryptophan breakdown might greatly contribute to the development of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. IDO activation and stimulation of the kynurenine pathway exert immune regulatory mechanisms, which may impair anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, tumor cells can degrade tryptophan to weaken immune responses directed against them. High IDO expression in the tumor tissue is associated with a poor prognosis of patients. The efficiency of IDO-inhibitors to inhibit cancer progression is currently tested in combination with established chemotherapies and with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism and its possible influence on the development and persistence of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patricia Kink
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Oncotyrol Centre for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Positive effect of ozonotherapy on serum concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and neopterin in patients with systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:158-163. [PMID: 31320847 PMCID: PMC6627265 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.83651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. No curative therapy exists, thus management includes controlling of symptoms and prevention of complications. Ozonotherapy has multiple beneficial therapeutic effects which can translate into improving prognostic factors for SSc. Aim To evaluate the effect of ozone on selected factors of inflammation: serum concentration of the soluble receptor of interleukin-2 (IL-2 sR), neopterin as well as the peripheral blood smear in patients with SSc. Material and methods Forty-two patients with SSc underwent two series of 10-minute baths in water with a mixture of air and ozone separated by a 10-day period without treatment. Examinations were performed at baseline and 10 days after completing the last treatment. Results The mean concentration of IL-2 sR decreased significantly from 1563.73 to 1249.86 pg/ml. The mean concentration of neopterin decreased significantly from 12.06 to 10.9 nmol/ml. Absolute monocytosis decreased insignificantly from 1.694 to 1.480 G/l. Correlations between the disease duration and concentration of IL-2 sR were weak and negative, while between the disease duration and concentration of neopterin were weak and positive. Conclusions Ozonotherapy had a beneficial influence on the immune response in patients with scleroderma. Balneotherapy may be considered as an additional therapeutic option, but further research is required.
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Xie J, Qiu X, Ji C, Liu C, Wu Y. Elevated serum neopterin and homocysteine increased the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with transient ischemic attack. Pteridines 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum neopterin, homocysteine (Hcy) and the risk of developing ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Methods: Ninety-two TIA patients were prospectively recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Autonomous Region China. Of the included patients, 27 developed ischemic stroke (IS group) and other 65 cases did not (TIA group). Peripheral venous blood was obtained within 24 hours of TIA diagnosis. Serum neopterin, Hcy and serum lipid levels were tested and compared between IS and TIA groups.
Results: Serum neopterin (6.38±1.76 ng/mL vs 5.39±1.51 ng/mL), Hcy (17.95±4.10 μmol/L vs 15.30±3.66 μmol/L), TG (1.82±0.92 mmol/L vs 1.40±0.71 mmol/L) and LDL (3.31±0.67 mmol/L vs 2.69±0.62 mmol/L) of IS group were significantly higher than those of TIA group (p<0.05). The AUC of serum neopterin, Hcy, TG and LDL for predicting the risk of developing IS in patients with TIA were 0.68 (95%CI: 0.55-0.81, 0.68 (95%CI: 0.57-0.80), 0.64 (95%CI: 0.51-0.78) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.63-0.86), respectively.
Conclusion: Serum neopterin, Hcy, TG and LDL are promising serological markers for predicting the increased risk of developing IS for patients with TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College , Shihezi University , Xinjiang Autonomous Region 832000 PR China Urumqi
| | - Xiandi Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Zhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province , 311800 PR China Shaoxing
| | - Chunli Ji
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Manasi , Xinjiang Autonomous Region, 832200 PR China Changji
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College , Shihezi University , Xinjiang Autonomous Region 832000 PR China Urumqi
| | - Yueming Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the people’s hospital of Lishui , Lishui 323000 PR China Zhejiang
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Whiley L, Nye LC, Grant I, Andreas N, Chappell KE, Sarafian MH, Misra R, Plumb RS, Lewis MR, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Swann JR, Wilson ID. Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization Quantification of Tryptophan Metabolites and Markers of Gut Health in Serum and Plasma-Application to Clinical and Epidemiology Cohorts. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5207-5216. [PMID: 30848589 PMCID: PMC6503468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A targeted
ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method
has been developed for the quantification of tryptophan and its downstream
metabolites from the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. The assay
coverage also includes markers of gut health and inflammation, including
citrulline and neopterin. The method was designed in 96-well plate
format for application in multiday, multiplate clinical and epidemiology
population studies. A chromatographic cycle time of 7 min enables
the analysis of two 96-well plates in 24 h. To protect chromatographic
column lifespan, samples underwent a two-step extraction, using solvent
protein precipitation followed by delipidation via solid-phase extraction
(SPE). Analytical validation reported accuracy of each analyte <20%
for the lowest limit of quantification and <15% for all other quality
control (QC) levels. The analytical precision for each analyte was
2.1–12.9%. To test the applicability of the method to multiplate
and multiday preparations, a serum pool underwent periodic repeat
analysis during a run consisting of 18 plates. The % CV (coefficient
of variation) values obtained for each analyte were <15%. Additional
biological testing applied the assay to samples collected from healthy
control participants and two groups diagnosed with inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) (one group treated with the anti-inflammatory 5-aminosalicylic
acid (5-ASA) and one group untreated), with results showing significant
differences in the concentrations of picolinic acid, kynurenine, and
xanthurenic acid. The short analysis time and 96-well plate format
of the assay makes it suitable for high-throughput targeted UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
metabolomic analysis in large-scale clinical and epidemiological population
studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Whiley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Burlington Danes Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom.,MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Leanne C Nye
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Isobelle Grant
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,Waters Corporation , Milford , Massachusetts 01757 , United States
| | - Nick Andreas
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Chappell
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Magali H Sarafian
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Misra
- St. Marks Hospital and Academic Institute , Watford Road , Middlesex, London HA1 3UJ , United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Plumb
- Waters Corporation , Milford , Massachusetts 01757 , United States
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre , Murdoch University , Harry Perkins Building , Perth , Western Australia 6150 , Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Burlington Danes Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom.,MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN , United Kingdom.,Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.,Australian National Phenome Centre , Murdoch University , Harry Perkins Building , Perth , Western Australia 6150 , Australia
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London , Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Xiang Z, Gu Y, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu H, Liu H, Zhong Y. Elevated serum neopterin concentration increases mortality risk in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pteridines 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate serum neopterin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and its predictive value for mortality in cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods Eighty-two patients with confirmed acute pancreatitis (AP) were included and divided into two groups, mild acute pancreatitis (MAP, n=51) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP, n=31) according to severity of disease. From the SAP group, 8 cases went on to develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and 6 subsequently died. Thirty healthy subjects from routine medical examination were included as the control group. The neopterin serum concentrations were determined and compared between groups.
Results Serum neopterin concentrations from control, MAP, SAP, SAP_Non-MODS, MODS_survival and MODS_death groups were 6.85±2.42 (nmol/L), 0.91±4.83(nmol/L), 33.11±11.67(nmol/L), 30.39±9.97(nmol/L), 36.40±4.48(nmol/L) and 41.75±15.64(nmol/L) respectively, with statistical significant difference (p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for mortality risk were 66.67% (95%CI:22.28-95.67%) and 88.00%(95%CI:68.78-97.45%) respectively, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.71(95%CI:0.50-0.9), under the cut off value of 40.18.
Conclusion: Serum neopterin levels in patients with acute pancreatitis were significantly elevated and correlated with the severity of disease. Neopterin may also be used a serological biomarker of mortality risk in patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Xiang
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Yijun Gu
- Department of Emergency , Zhuji People‘s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 311800
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Lefeng Zhang
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Huafeng Xu
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
| | - Yebo Zhong
- Department of Emergency , Lishui People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province 323000
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Campochiaro C, Lytton S, Nihtyanova S, Fuchs D, Ong VH, Denton CP. Elevated kynurenine levels in diffuse cutaneous and anti-RNA polymerase III positive systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2019; 199:18-24. [PMID: 30771500 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease characterized by vasculopathy, progressive fibrosis and autoimmune activation. Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been linked to altered immune cell function and to malignancy. We have investigated the role of Trp metabolic pathway in SSc measuring serum Trp, Kynurenine (Kyn) and Trp/Kyn ratio in a cohort of 97 SSc patients and 10 healthy controls. Association with disease characteristics was evaluated. We found that Trp levels in SSc patients were significantly lower compared to HCs. We also found that patients with diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) had lower levels of Trp compared to limited cutaneous (lcSSc). These results were paralleled by higher levels of Kyn found in SSc patients compared to HCs and significantly lower levels in dcSSc compared to lcSSc. The autoantibody profile was also found to be significantly associated with Kyn and Trp levels as anti-RNA-polymerase III (ARA) positive patients were shown to have lower Trp levels and higher Kyn levels compared with anti-centromere and anti-topoisomerase I positive patients. Moreover, the highest Trp/Kyn was found in ARA+ patients with dcSSc, suggesting that an activation of the Kyn pathway, is more specifically associated with this subset of SSc patients. Stability over time makes these markers of Trp metabolism feasible for SSc stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Simon Lytton
- SeraDiaLogistics, Benediktenwandstr 7, 81545 München, Germany
| | - Svetlana Nihtyanova
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Voon H Ong
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Royal Free Hospital, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, UCL, London, UK.
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Xiong W, Ouyang J, Ci H, Jiang W, Han W, Fu Y, Tian P. The predictive value of serum neopterin for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severe burn patients. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum neopterin for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in severe burn patients. Methods Seventy-six severe burn patients with burns covering a total body surface area (TBSA) above 70% were included in this study. Of the 76 patients, 29 cases developed MODS (MODS group) and the remaining 47 subjects did not (non-MODS group). From the MODS group, 12 patients died (Death group) and 17 patients survived (Survive group). The serum level of neopterin in the MODS and non-MODS groups were examined by radioimmunoassay on following 1, 3 , 7 , 14 , 21 and 28 post-burn days (PBDs). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the predictive value of serum neopterin for MODS and death. Results The serum neopterin level in the MODS group was significantly higher than that of non-MODS group between 3~28 PBDs (p<0.001). However, the serum neopterin levels between the MODS and non-MODS groups following 1 PBD were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The best diagnostic performance of serum neopterin for MODS occurred 14 PBDs with the prediction sensitivity and specificity of 75.86% (56.46%~89.70%) and 85.11% (71.69%~93.80%) respectively. However, serum neopterin levels had no clinical value in predicting the death of MODS patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.72 (0.58~0.85), 0.81 (0.71~0.92) and 0.83 (0.72~0.94) for serum neopterin as biomarker in the prediction of MODS after 3, 7 and 14 PBDs, respectively. The AUCs were 0.50 (0.27~0.73), 0.53 (0.30~0.76) and 0.56 (0.33~0.79) for serum neopterin as biomarker in prediction of death for MODS patients after 3, 7 and 14 PBDs, respectively. Conclusion The persistent and significant increase of serum neopterin level is closely related to the development of MODS in patients with severe burns. Serum neopterin is therefore a promising serological marker for MODS early diagnosis, but has little efficacy in the prediction of the likelihood of death in severe burn patients with MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shlhezi University, Shlhezl , China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
| | - Hai Ci
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
| | - Wenping Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
| | - Peigang Tian
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi , China
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Neopterin, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: What Could We Be Missing? Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7070080. [PMID: 29949851 PMCID: PMC6071275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neopterin has been extensively used as a clinical marker of immune activation during inflammation in a wide range of conditions and stresses. However, the analysis of neopterin alone neglects the cellular reactions that generate it in response to interferon-γ. Neopterin is the oxidation product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin, which is a potent antioxidant generated by interferon-γ-activated macrophages. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can protect macrophage cells from a range of oxidants through a scavenging reaction that generates either neopterin or dihydroxanthopterin, depending on the oxidant. Therefore, plasma and urinary neopterin levels are dependent on both macrophage activation to generate 7,8-dihydroneopterin and subsequent oxidation to neopterin. This relationship is clearly shown in studies of exercise and impact-induced injury during intense contact sport. Here, we argue that neopterin and total neopterin, which is the combined value of 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin, could provide a more comprehensive analysis of clinical inflammation than neopterin alone.
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Montagnana M, Lippi G. Cancer diagnostics: current concepts and future perspectives. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:268. [PMID: 28758094 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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