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Samy AM, Kandeil MA, Sabry D, Abdel-Ghany A, Mahmoud MO. From NAFLD to NASH: Understanding the spectrum of non-alcoholic liver diseases and their consequences. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30387. [PMID: 38737288 PMCID: PMC11088336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most frequent chronic liver diseases worldwide in recent decades. Metabolic diseases like excessive blood glucose, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and liver function abnormalities cause NAFLD. NAFLD significantly increases the likelihood of liver cancer, heart disease, and mortality, making it a leading cause of liver transplants. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more advanced form of the disease that causes scarring and inflammation of the liver over time and can ultimately result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we briefly discuss NAFLD's pathogenic mechanisms, their progression into NASH and afterward to NASH-related cirrhosis. It also covers disease epidemiology, metabolic mechanisms, glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver, macrophage dysfunction, bile acid toxicity, and liver stellate cell stimulation. Additionally, we consider the contribution of intestinal microbiota, genetics, epigenetics, and ecological factors to fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in NAFLD and NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Samy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - A.A. Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Ping D, Qi J, Li M, Sun X, Peng Y, Liu C. Fuzheng Huayu recipe alleviates liver fibrosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117001. [PMID: 37544346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzheng Huayu recipe (FZHY) is a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine formula for treating liver fibrosis in clinical settings. Despite its widespread use, the specific curative effects and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of FZHY in treating liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood. AIM AND STUDY This study aims to investigate the antifibrotic mechanism of FZHY treatment by exploring its effects on the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to investigate the impact of FZHY on the activation and priming of NLRP3 inflammasome in clinical trials and animal experiments using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were used to induce liver fibrosis by feeding a diet that contained 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). To study inflammasome function, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/adenine triphosphate (ATP) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild mice. The effects of macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation on the function of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were explored by treating primary HSCs with preconditioned media from BMDMs culture. RESULTS FZHY treatment resulted in the downregulation of NLRP3 protein expression and inhibition of its priming and activation in both human fibrotic livers and DDC-induced liver fibrosis. Furthermore, FZHY was observed to block the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which can lead to excessive inflammatory cytokine release in supernatants and cell lysates in response to LPS and ATP. Lastly, treatment with FZHY was able to inhibit the activation of HSCs induced by supernatants from macrophages. CONCLUSIONS FZHY has been shown to potentially prevent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages which can result in the suppression of HSCs activation. Ultimately, these effects may lead to the improvement of liver fibrosis. The ability of FZHY to act on this novel mechanism represents an important aspect of its therapeutic potential for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Ping
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingshu Qi
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zheng S, Que X, Wang S, Zhou Q, Xing X, Chen L, Hou C, Ma J, An P, Peng Y, Yao Y, Song Q, Li J, Zhang P, Pei H. ZDHHC5-mediated NLRP3 palmitoylation promotes NLRP3-NEK7 interaction and inflammasome activation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4570-4585.e7. [PMID: 38092000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical mediator of the innate immune response. How NLRP3 responds to stimuli and initiates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. Here, we found that a cellular metabolite, palmitate, facilitates NLRP3 activation by enhancing its S-palmitoylation, in synergy with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. NLRP3 is post-translationally palmitoylated by zinc-finger and aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine 5 (ZDHHC5) at the LRR domain, which promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Silencing ZDHHC5 blocks NLRP3 oligomerization, NLRP3-NEK7 interaction, and formation of large intracellular ASC aggregates, leading to abrogation of caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/18 release, and GSDMD cleavage, both in human cells and in mice. ABHD17A depalmitoylates NLRP3, and one human-heritable disease-associated mutation in NLRP3 was found to be associated with defective ABHD17A binding and hyper-palmitoylation. Furthermore, Zdhhc5-/- mice showed defective NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal an endogenous mechanism of inflammasome assembly and activation and suggest NLRP3 palmitoylation as a potential target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyong Que
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Fan C, Ling-Hu A, Sun D, Gao W, Zhang C, Duan X, Li H, Tian W, Yu Q, Ke Z. Nobiletin Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Deposition, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation by Mechanisms That Involve the Nrf2/NF-κB Axis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20105-20117. [PMID: 38073108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB), a flavonoid with significant antioxidant potential, holds promise for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this work, we aim to assess the effects and investigate the molecular mechanisms of NOB on NAFLD. After using a methionine choline-deficient diet to induce C57BL/6J mice, as well as oleic acid to induce HepG2 and L02 cells, we administered NOB as an intervention. The results indicated that the NOB significantly ameliorated lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation in NAFLD in both models. Its mechanism may involve the Nrf2, SREBP-1c, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, Nrf2 is not only a direct target for NOB to improve oxidative damage but also indirectly involved in lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory processes in NAFLD. By inhibiting Nrf2, we found that the regulatory role of Nrf2 in lipid metabolism is not related to SREBP-1c but is closely associated with NF-κB in terms of inflammation. Our results suggest that Nrf2 is one of the most critical targets for NOB against NAFLD in multiple aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Fan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Anli Ling-Hu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Dali Sun
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiman Gao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chenfang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xueqing Duan
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zunli Ke
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Khanmohammadi S, Ramos-Molina B, Kuchay MS. NOD-like receptors in the pathogenesis of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: Therapeutic agents targeting NOD-like receptors. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102788. [PMID: 37302383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), activation of inflammatory processes marks the transition of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, which can further evolve to advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Under the stress of chronic overnutrition, the innate immune system orchestrates hepatic inflammation through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Cytosolic PRRs that include NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are crucial for inducing inflammatory processes in the liver. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases till January 2023, using relevant keywords to extract studies describing the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. RESULTS Several NLRs operate through the formation of inflammasomes, which are multimolecular complexes that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptotic cell death. A multitude of pharmacological agents target NLRs and improve several aspects of MAFLD. In this review, we discuss the current concepts related to the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its complications. We also discuss the latest research on MAFLD therapeutics functioning through NLRs. CONCLUSIONS NLRs play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and its consequences, especially through generation of inflammasomes, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. Lifestyle changes (exercise, coffee consumption) and therapeutic agents (GLP-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, obeticholic acid) improve MAFLD and its complications partly through blockade of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. New studies are required to explore these inflammatory pathways fully for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Divison of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram 122001, Haryana, India.
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Zheng Y, Xie L, Yang D, Luo K, Li X. Small-molecule natural plants for reversing liver fibrosis based on modulation of hepatic stellate cells activation: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154721. [PMID: 36870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a trauma repair process carried out by the liver in response to various acute and chronic liver injuries. Its primary pathological characteristics are excessive proliferation and improper dismissal of the extracellular matrix, and if left untreated, it will progress into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is intimately associated to the onset of LF, and it is anticipated that addressing HSCs proliferation can reverse LF. Plant-based small-molecule medications have anti-LF properties, and their mechanisms of action involve suppression of extracellular matrix abnormally accumulating as well as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. New targeting HSC agents will therefore be needed to provide a potential curative response. PURPOSE The most recent HSC routes and small molecule natural plants that target HSC described domestically and internationally in recent years were examined in this review. METHODS The data was looked up using resources including ScienceDirect, CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed. Keyword searches for information on hepatic stellate cells included "liver fibrosis", "natural plant", "hepatic stellate cells", "adverse reaction", "toxicity", etc. RESULTS: We discovered that plant monomers can target and control various pathways to prevent the activation and proliferation of HSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC in order to achieve the anti-LF effect in this work by compiling the plant monomers that influence many common pathways of HSC in recent years. It demonstrates the wide-ranging potential of plant monomers targeting different routes to combat LF, with a view to supplying new concepts and new strategies for natural plant therapy of LF as well as research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. The investigation of kaempferol, physalin B, and other plant monomers additionally motivated researchers to focus on the structure-activity link between the main chemicals and LF. CONCLUSION The creation of novel pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the use of natural components. They are often harmless for people, non-target creatures, and the environment because they are found in nature, and they can be employed as the starting chemicals for the creation of novel medications. Natural plants are valuable resources for creating new medications with fresh action targets because they feature original and distinctive action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Lu Y, Wang M, Zhao M, Zhang Q, Qian R, Hu Z, Ke Q, Yu L, Wang L, Lai Q, Liu Z, Jiang X, Zhang B, Yang J, Yao Y. Filamin A is overexpressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and contributes to the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:93-101. [PMID: 36863213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic and progressive liver disease characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Filamin A (FLNA), an actin-binding protein, is involved in various cell functions, including the regulation of immune cells and fibroblasts. However, its role in the development of NASH through inflammation and fibrogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we found that FLNA expression was increased in liver tissues of patients with cirrhosis and mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH and fibrosis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that FLNA was primarily expressed in macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Knocking down of FLNA by specific shRNA in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-derived THP-1 macrophages reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response. The decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and suppression of the STAT3 signaling were observed in FLNA-downregulated macrophages. In addition, knockdown of FLNA in immortalized human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2 cells) resulted in decreased mRNA levels of fibrotic cytokines and enzymes involved in collagen synthesis, as well as increased levels of metalloproteinases and pro-apoptotic proteins. Overall, these results suggest that FLNA may contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH through its role in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Dual Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 Interacting Protein-1 in Inflammasome and Pancreatic β-Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054990. [PMID: 36902422 PMCID: PMC10002854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their expression and functional importance in pancreatic β-cells remain largely unknown. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein-1 (MAPK8IP1) is a scaffold protein that regulates JNK signaling and is involved in various cellular processes. The precise role of MAPK8IP1 in inflammasome activation in β-cells has not been defined. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed a set of bioinformatics, molecular, and functional experiments in human islets and INS-1 (832/13) cells. Using RNA-seq expression data, we mapped the expression pattern of proinflammatory and inflammasome-related genes (IRGs) in human pancreatic islets. Expression of MAPK8IP1 in human islets was found to correlate positively with key IRGs, including the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), but correlate inversely with Nuclear factor kappa β1 (NF-κβ1), Caspase-1 (CASP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Ablation of Mapk8ip1 by siRNA in INS-1 cells down-regulated the basal expression levels of Nlrp3, NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (Nlrc4), NLR family CARD domain containing 1 (Nlrp1), Casp1, Gsdmd, Il-1β, Il-18, Il-6, Asc, and Nf-κβ1 at the mRNA and/or protein level and decreased palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammasome activation. Furthermore, Mapk8ip1-silened cells substantially reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in palmitic acid-stressed INS-1 cells. Nonetheless, silencing of Mapk8ip1 failed to preserve β-cell function against inflammasome response. Taken together, these findings suggest that MAPK8IP1 is involved in regulating β-cells by multiple pathways.
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Choi J, Cho Y, Choi H, Lee S, Han H, Lee J, Kwon J. Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043439. [PMID: 36834849 PMCID: PMC9959661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk signals are characteristic of many common inflammatory diseases and can function to activate nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), the innate immune signal receptor in cytoplasm. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. Activated NLRP3 nucleates the assembly of inflammasomes, leading to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, the activation of caspase-1, and the initiation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, it is essential to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which plays a vital role in the immune response and in initiating inflammation. RAW 264.7 and LX-2 cells were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 h and subsequently stimulated for 30 min with 5 mM of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) was supplemented to RAW264.7 and LX-2 cells 30 min before ATP was added. As a result, we investigated the effects of Tβ4 on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Tβ4 prevented LPS-induced NLRP3 priming by inhibiting NF-kB and JNK/p38 MAPK expression and the LPS and ATP-induced production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Tβ4 induced autophagy by controlling autophagy markers (LC3A/B and p62) through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. LPS combined with ATP significantly increased thee protein expression of inflammatory mediators and NLRP3 inflammasome markers. These events were remarkably suppressed by Tβ4. In conclusion, Tβ4 attenuated NLRP3 inflammasomes by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, and caspase-1). Our results indicate that Tβ4 attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome through multiple signaling pathway regulations in macrophage and hepatic stellate cells. Therefore, based on the above findings, it is hypothesized that Tβ4 could be a potential inflammatory therapeutic agent targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic fibrosis regulation.
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Li H, Cao Z, Wang L, Li J, Cheng X, Tang Y, Xing M, Yao P. Chronic high-fat diet induces galectin-3 and TLR4 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome in NASH. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109217. [PMID: 36402251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation triggers inflammation progression in some metabolism disorders, frequently accompanying the up-regulation of galectin-3 (Gal-3). However, the precise mechanisms of Gal-3 activating NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, male C57BL/6J mice were fed by high-fat diet (HFD) for 32 weeks to induce NASH and then the hepatic damage, cytokines, Gal-3 and TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were examined. Such indicators were similarly determined when HepG2 cells were co-incubated with palmitic acid (PA, 200 μM), β-lactose, and TAK-242, or pre-transfected with TLR4. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and co-immunoprecipitation were conducted to confirm the potential interaction between Gal-3 and TLR4. To further identify the inflammatory regulation roles of Gal-3 and its terminals in TLR4/NLRP3, HepG2 cells were transfected with Gal-3 and its variants. Chronic HFD induced sustained hepatic steatosis and inflammatory injury, with increased inflammatory cytokines, Gal-3 and TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Similar changes were found in PA-dosed HepG2 cells, which were rescued by β-lactose but deteriorated with TLR4 overexpression. However, TAK-242 treatment decreased AST, ALT, cytokines, and normalized NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC expression. Furthermore, TLR4 was pulled down when Gal-3 was enriched. Only full-length Gal-3 and its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) promoted cytokines, TLR4 expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, gal-3 may induce chronic HFD-derived NASH progression by activating TLR4-mediating NLRP3 inflammasome via its CRD, which sheds new light on candidate target for the treatment and prevention of NASH inflammation despite further research for its precise roles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueer Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyou Xing
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Huang Y, Wang A, Jin S, Liu F, Xu F. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by HMGB1 through inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway promotes bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis after acute lung injury in rats. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:56-67. [PMID: 37169561 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i3.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of critical diseases with high morbidity and mortality. This study explored the regulatory role and mechanism of high mobility histone box 1 protein (HMGB1) on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) after ALI in rats through nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. METHODS PF rat models after ALI were established by induction of bleomycin. Degree of fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining and Ashcroft scoring. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents in lung tissues and rat lung tissue morphology were detected by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of NLRP3, major proteins of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1), and downstream inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 were determined using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting analysis, and ELISA. The nuclear/cytoplasmic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels and HO-1 levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting analysis. Rats was injected with lentivirus carrying short hairpin (sh)-HMGB1 and zinc protoporphyria (ZNPP) (HO-1 inhibitor) to assess the effects of HMGB1 and HO-1 on PF and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. RESULTS Bleomycin induced PF after ALI in rats, manifested as patchy fibrosis, atelectasis, and excessive expansion, and increased Aschcroft score and Hyp content. Bleomycin treatment enhanced levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1, and IL-18 in rat lung tissues, which promoted activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. HMGB1 was up-regulated in bleomycin-induced rats. HMGB1 knockdown partially reversed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and PF progression. HMGB1 knockdown promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated HO-1. Suppression of HO-1 partially reversed inhibition of HMGB1 knockdown on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and PF. CONCLUSION HMGB1 can activate NLRP3 inflammasomes and promote PF by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Nephrology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430033, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430033, Hubei Province, China;
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China;
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12
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Xiu M, Zhao Y, Wang X, Yuan S, Qin B, Sun J, Cui L, Song J. Regulation of SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 pathway in cell communication from macrophages to hepatic stellate cells contribute to alleviates hepatic fibrosis by Luteoloside. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151989. [PMID: 36529079 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulating macrophage-hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) crosstalk through SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 has contributed to the essence of new pharmacologic strategies to improve hepatic fibrosis. We investigated how Luteoloside (LUT), one of the flavonoid monomers isolated from Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., modulates macrophage-HSCs crosstalk during hepatic fibrosis. HSC-T6 or rat peritoneal macrophages were activated by TGF-β or LPS/ATP, and then treated with LUT or Sirtinol (SIRT1 inhibitor) for 6 h. Further, HSCs were cultured with the conditioned medium from the LPS/ATP activated peritoneal macrophages. In HSC-T6 or peritoneal macrophages, LUT could decrease the expressions of α-SMA, Collagen-I, the ratio of TIMP-1/MMP-13. LUT also significantly increased the expressions of SIRT1 and ERRα. And LUT significantly suppressed the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and regulated signaling TLR2/TLR4-MyD88 activation. The expressions of TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, α-SMA were increased and the expression of ERRα was decreased by Sirtinol, indicated that LUT might mediate SIRT1 to regulate TLR4 expression and further alleviate inflammation and fibrosis. LUT could regulate SIRT1-mediated TLR4 and ECM in HSCs was reduced, when HSCs were cultured with conditioned medium. Hence, LUT could decrease the expressions of fibrosis markers, reduce the releases of inflammatory cytokines in activated HSCs or macrophages. In conclusion, LUT might be a promising candidate that regulating SIRT1-TLR2/TLR4 signaling in macrophages interacting with HSCs during hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xiu
- College of Pharmacy, Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng 137000, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Siyu Yuan
- Siping Central People's Hospital, Siping City, Jilin Province 136000, China
| | - Bofeng Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Long Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Jian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
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13
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O’Farrell M, Duke G, Crowley R, Buckley D, Martins EB, Bhattacharya D, Friedman SL, Kemble G. FASN inhibition targets multiple drivers of NASH by reducing steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15661. [PMID: 36123383 PMCID: PMC9485253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an attractive therapeutic target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) because it drives de novo lipogenesis and mediates pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling. We therefore tested pharmacological inhibition of FASN in human cell culture and in three diet induced mouse models of NASH. Three related FASN inhibitors were used; TVB-3664, TVB-3166 and clinical stage TVB-2640 (denifanstat). In human primary liver microtissues, FASN inhibiton (FASNi) decreased triglyceride (TG) content, consistent with direct anti-steatotic activity. In human hepatic stellate cells, FASNi reduced markers of fibrosis including collagen1α (COL1α1) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). In CD4+ T cells exposed to NASH-related cytokines, FASNi decreased production of Th17 cells, and reduced IL-1β release in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. In mice with diet induced NASH l, FASNi prevented development of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and reduced circulating IL-1β. In mice with established diet-induced NASH, FASNi reduced NAFLD activity score, fibrosis score, ALT and TG levels. In the CCl4-induced FAT-NASH mouse model, FASN inhibition decreased hepatic fibrosis and fibrosis markers, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors by 85%. These results demonstrate that FASN inhibition attenuates inflammatory and fibrotic drivers of NASH by direct inhibition of immune and stellate cells, beyond decreasing fat accumulation in hepatocytes. FASN inhibition therefore provides an opportunity to target three key hallmarks of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie O’Farrell
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA
| | - Greg Duke
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA
| | - Richard Crowley
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA
| | - Douglas Buckley
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA
| | | | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - George Kemble
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA
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14
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Wu X, Sun P, Chen X, Hua L, Cai H, Liu Z, Zhang C, Liang S, Chen Y, Wu D, Ou Y, Hu W, Yang Z. Discovery of a Novel Oral Proteasome Inhibitor to Block NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation with Anti-inflammation Activity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11985-12001. [PMID: 36063115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a critical role in inflammation-related disorders. More small-molecule entities are needed to study the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to validate the efficacy and safety of the NLRP3 pathway. Herein, we report the discovery of an orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor NIC-0102 (27) that specifically prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation but has no effect on NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes. In vitro studies revealed that NIC-0102 induced the polyubiquitination of NLRP3, interfered with the NLRP3-ASC interaction, and blocked ASC oligomerization, thereby resulting in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, NIC-0102 also inhibited the production of pro-IL-1β. Importantly, NIC-0102 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model in vivo. As a result of these studies, a potential small molecule is identified to demonstrate the possible link between the proteasome and NLRP3 pathway, which supports further exploration of potentially druggable nodes to modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiuhui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Haowei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhuorong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yitao Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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15
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Li WQ, Liu WH, Qian D, Liu J, Zhou SQ, Zhang L, Peng W, Su L, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine: An important source for discovering candidate agents against hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962525. [PMID: 36081936 PMCID: PMC9445813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) refers to the pathophysiological process of connective tissue dysplasia in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Nowadays, HF is becoming a severe threat to the health of human being. However, the drugs available for treating HF are limited. Currently, increasing natural agents derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been found to be beneficial for HF. A systemic literature search was conducted from PubMed, GeenMedical, Sci-Hub, CNKI, Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, with the keywords of “traditional Chinese medicine,” “herbal medicine,” “natural agents,” “liver diseases,” and “hepatic fibrosis.” So far, more than 76 natural monomers have been isolated and identified from the TCMs with inhibitory effect on HF, including alkaloids, flavones, quinones, terpenoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides, etc. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of these compounds include hepatoprotection, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis & secretion, regulation of autophagy, and antioxidant & anti-inflammation, etc. Natural compounds and extracts from TCMs are promising agents for the prevention and treatment of HF, and this review would be of great significance to development of novel drugs for treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Zhou
- Hospital of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
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16
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Gan C, Cai Q, Tang C, Gao J. Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis of Liver Cells in Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896473. [PMID: 35707547 PMCID: PMC9189314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense danger signals and activate caspase-1 to mediate pro-inflammatory cytokines release and pyroptotic cell death. There are two main canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways that trigger inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are expressed and assembled in parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in response to liver injury in the liver. Additionally, the hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), hepatic macrophages, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) contribute to liver fibrosis via different mechanisms. However, the underlying mechanism of the inflammasome and pyroptosis in these liver cells in liver fibrosis remains elusive. This review summarizes the activation and function of inflammasome complexes and then discusses the association between inflammasomes, pyroptosis, and liver fibrosis. Unlike other similar reviewers, we will focus on the effect of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the various liver cells during the development of liver fibrosis. We will also highlight the latest progress of pharmacological intervention in inflammasome-mediated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyu Cai
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhang Gao, ; ; Chengwei Tang,
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhang Gao, ; ; Chengwei Tang,
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17
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Meng Z, Zhu B, Gao M, Wang G, Zhou H, Lu J, Guan S. Apigenin alleviated PA-induced pyroptosis by activating autophagy in hepatocytes. Food Funct 2022; 13:5559-5570. [PMID: 35481558 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin is a kind of natural flavonoid that abundantly exists in fruits and vegetables. Pyroptosis is a new, pro-inflammatory type of programmed necrosis cell death, and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the key molecule to induce pyroptosis. Excessive hepatic pyroptosis results in liver injury. In the study, we found for the first time that apigenin could alleviate palmitic acid (PA)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatic cells. Meanwhile, apigenin could promote the autophagy of hepatocytes. When the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was added, the data showed that the recovery effect of apigenin on PA-induced pyroptosis was weakened, indicating that apigenin could alleviate PA-induced pyroptosis by activating autophagy. Further mechanistic studies showed that apigenin regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome through two ways, so as to alleviate PA-induced pyroptosis. On the one hand, apigenin eliminated damaged mitochondria by activating autophagy, thereby clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and on the other hand, activation of autophagy could directly degrade the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study provides a new idea and target for the use of functional factors in food to alleviate liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Meng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science & Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, P. R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
| | - Hongjiang Zhou
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P. R. China.
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18
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Ge C, Tan J, Lou D, Zhu L, Zhong Z, Dai X, Sun Y, Kuang Q, Zhao J, Wang L, Liu J, Wang B, Xu M. Mulberrin confers protection against hepatic fibrosis by Trim31/Nrf2 signaling. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102274. [PMID: 35240537 PMCID: PMC8891817 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberrin (Mul) is a key component of the traditional Chinese medicine Romulus Mori with various biological functions. However, the effects of Mul on liver fibrosis have not been addressed, and thus were investigated in our present study, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here, we found that Mul administration significantly ameliorated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and dysfunction in mice. Furthermore, CCl4-triggerd collagen deposition and liver fibrosis were remarkably attenuated in mice with Mul supplementation through suppressing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Additionally, Mul treatments strongly restrained the hepatic inflammation in CCl4-challenged mice via blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Importantly, we found that Mul markedly increased liver TRIM31 expression in CCl4-treated mice, accompanied with the inactivation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. CCl4-triggered hepatic oxidative stress was also efficiently mitigated by Mul consumption via improving nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Our in vitro studies confirmed that Mul reduced the activation of human and mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) stimulated by TGF-β1. Consistently, Mul remarkably retarded the inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation both in human and murine hepatocytes. More importantly, by using hepatocyte-specific TRIM31 knockout mice (TRIM31Hep-cKO) and mouse primary hepatocytes with Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2KO), we identified that the anti-fibrotic and hepatic protective effects of Mul were TRIM31/Nrf2 signaling-dependent, relieving HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. Therefore, Mul-ameliorated hepatocyte injury contributed to the suppression of HSCs activation by improving TRIM31/Nrf2 axis, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Longyan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
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19
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Chen J, Wang M, Zhang P, Li H, Qu K, Xu R, Guo N, Zhu H. Cordycepin alleviated metabolic inflammation in Western diet-fed mice by targeting intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal flora. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106191. [PMID: 35346845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and promotes related complications. Accumulating evidence has indicated that regulating intestinal integrity and the gut microbiota may be new treatment strategies for metabolic inflammation and obesity. Cordycepin has been reported to improve obesity, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we showed that cordycepin considerably alleviated systemic inflammation while reducing body weight gain and metabolic disorders in Western diet (WD)-fed mice. Further investigations showed that cordycepin significantly ameliorated WD-induced damage to the intestinal barrier and decreased the leakage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the blood in mice by suppressing intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress damage, and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, by using metagenomic sequencing, we found that cordycepin can also regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora, including selectively increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and reducing the production of fecal LPS. Besides, we demonstrated that the intestinal flora partially mediated the beneficial effects of cordycepin on improving intestinal barrier function, and obesity-related symptoms in WD-fed mice by a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. Hence, our findings provided new insights into the role of cordycepin in improving metabolic inflammation and obesity from the perspective of regulating the intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora, and further provided data support for the utility of cordycepin in the treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nan Xiao Street 16, Dong Zhi Men Nei, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xian Nong Tan Street 1, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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20
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Zou F, Li X, Yang R, Zhang R, Zhao X. Effects and underlying mechanisms of food polyphenols in treating gouty arthritis: A review on nutritional intake and joint health. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14072. [PMID: 34997623 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis, one of the most severe and common forms of arthritis, is characterized by monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints and surrounding tissues. Epidemiological evidence indicates that gouty arthritis incidence is sharply rising globally. Polyphenols are found in many foods and are secondary metabolites in plant foods. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of food polyphenols have been extensively studied in many inflammatory chronic diseases. Research has suggested that many food polyphenols have excellent anti-gouty arthritis effects. The mechanisms mainly include (a) inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity; (b) reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; (c) inhibiting the activation of signaling pathways and the NLRP3 inflammasome; and (d) reducing oxidative stress. This paper reviews the research progress and pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and introduces the mechanisms of food polyphenols in treating gouty arthritis, which aims to explore the potential of functional foods in the treatment of gouty arthritis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The incidence rate of gouty arthritis has increased sharply worldwide, which has seriously affected people's quality of life. According to the current research progress, food polyphenols alleviate gouty arthritis through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This paper reviews the research progress and molecular pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and introduces the mechanisms of food-derived polyphenols in the treatment of gouty arthritis, which is helpful to the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmao Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Material Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Jiahehongsheng (Shenzhen) Health Industry Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Qin Y, Dong H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang T, Chen G, Wang S, Song S, Wang W, Fan Y, Wang J, Huang X, Shen C. Evaluation of MTBH, a novel hesperetin derivative, on the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 isoform in vitro and in vivo using a cocktail method by HPLC-MS/MS. Xenobiotica 2022; 51:1389-1399. [PMID: 34806938 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2009934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. 8-methylene-tert-butylamine-3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone (MTBH), a novel hesperidin derivative, has potential in the prevention of hepatic disease, however, its effects on cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP450s) remains unexplored. The purpose was to investigate the effects of MTBH on the mRNA, protein levels, and activities of six CYP450s (1A2, 2C11/9, 2D2/6, 3A1/4, 2C13/19, and 2E1) in vitro and in vivo.2. In vitro study, rat and human liver microsomes were adopted to elucidate the inhibitory effect of MTBH on six CYP450s using probe drugs. In vivo study, Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated with MTBH (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days), phenobarbital (80 mg/kg for 12 consecutive days), or 0.5% CMC-Na solution (control group) by intragastric administration, then, the mRNA, protein levels and activities of liver CYP450s were analysed by real-time PCR, western blotting and probe-drug incubation systems, respectively.3. The in vitro study indicated that MTBH inhibits the activities of CYP3A1/4 and CYP2E1 in rat and human liver microsomes. In vivo data showed that MTBH inhibits mRNA, protein levels, and activities of CYP3A1 and CYP2E1 in medium- and high-dose MTBH groups.4. MTBH has the potential to cause drug-drug interactions when co-administered with drugs that are metabolised by CYP3A1/4 and CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haijun Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Nanjing cantech Microbial Sci.& Tech. Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Song
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Genrix (Shanghai) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuru Fan
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenlin Shen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Kaifan Analytical Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
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22
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Xiang H, Sun D, Liu X, She ZG, Chen Y. The Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812610. [PMID: 35211093 PMCID: PMC8861316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious disease threatening public health, and its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Recent scientific research has shown that intestinal microbiota and its metabolites have an important impact on the development of NASH. A balanced intestinal microbiota contributes to the maintenance of liver homeostasis, but when the intestinal microbiota is disequilibrated, it serves as a source of pathogens and molecules that lead to NASH. In this review, we mainly emphasize the key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites affect NASH. In addition, recent clinical trials and animal studies on the treatment of NASH by regulating the intestinal microbiota through prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and FMT have also been briefly elaborated. With the increasing understanding of interactions between the intestinal microbiota and liver, accurate and personalized detection and treatment methods for NASH are expected to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiang
- Infectious Disease Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiang, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Yonghong Chen,
| | - Dating Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Infectious Disease Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiang, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Yonghong Chen,
| | - Yonghong Chen
- Infectious Disease Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiang, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Yonghong Chen,
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23
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Charan HV, Dwivedi DK, Khan S, Jena G. Mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated hepatic stellate cell activation: therapeutic potential for liver fibrosis. Genes Dis 2022; 10:480-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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24
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Loomba R, Mohseni R, Lucas KJ, Gutierrez JA, Perry RG, Trotter JF, Rahimi RS, Harrison SA, Ajmera V, Wayne JD, O'Farrell M, McCulloch W, Grimmer K, Rinella M, Wai-Sun Wong V, Ratziu V, Gores GJ, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Kemble G. TVB-2640 (FASN Inhibitor) for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: FASCINATE-1, a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2a Trial. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1475-1486. [PMID: 34310978 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased de novo lipogenesis creates excess intrahepatic fat and lipotoxins, propagating liver damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. TVB-2640, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, was designed to reduce excess liver fat and directly inhibit inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways. We assessed the safety and efficacy of TVB-2640 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. METHODS 3V2640-CLIN-005 (FASCINATE-1) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study at 10 US sites. Adults with ≥8% liver fat, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction, and evidence of liver fibrosis by magnetic resonance elastography ≥2.5 kPa or liver biopsy were eligible. Ninety-nine patients were randomized to receive placebo or 25 mg or 50 mg of TVB-2640 (orally, once-daily for 12 weeks). The primary end points of this study were safety and relative change in liver fat after treatment. RESULTS Liver fat increased in the placebo cohort by 4.5% relative to baseline; in contrast TVB-2640 reduced liver fat by 9.6% in the 25-mg cohort (n = 30; least squares mean: -15.5%; 95% confidence interval, -31.3 to -0.23; P = .053), and 28.1% in the 50-mg cohort (n = 28; least squares mean: -28.0%; 95% confidence interval, -44.5 to -11.6; P = .001). Eleven percent of patients in the placebo group achieved a ≥30% relative reduction of liver fat compared to 23% in the 25-mg group, and 61% in the 50-mg group (P < .001). Secondary analyses showed improvements of metabolic, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic markers. TVB-2640 was well tolerated; adverse events were mostly mild and balanced among the groups. CONCLUSIONS TVB-2640 significantly reduced liver fat and improved biochemical, inflammatory, and fibrotic biomarkers after 12 weeks, in a dose-dependent manner in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT03938246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | | | | | | | | | - James F Trotter
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Digestive Disease Consultants, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert S Rahimi
- Baylor University Medical Center, Texas Digestive Disease Consultants, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Veeral Ajmera
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Rinella
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtriére, Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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25
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Shen T, Li X, Jin B, Loor JJ, Aboragah A, Ju L, Fang Z, Yu H, Chen M, Zhu Y, Ouyang H, Song Y, Wang Z, Du X, Liu G. Free fatty acids impair autophagic activity and activate nuclear factor kappa B signaling and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in calf hepatocytes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11973-11982. [PMID: 34454753 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA)-induced hepatic inflammation agravates liver injury and metabolic dysfunction in dairy cows with ketosis or fatty liver. Under stressful conditions, autophagy is generally considered as a cell protection mechanism, but whether the FFA-induced inflammatory and stress effect on hepatocytes involves an autophagy response is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of FFA on autophagy and the role of autophagy in the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling and NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome in calf hepatocytes. Calf hepatocytes were isolated from 3 healthy Holstein female new-born calves (1 d of age, 30-40 kg) and exposed to various concentrations of FFA (0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mM) after treatment with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) or the autophagy activator rapamycin. Expression of autophagy markers, LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) and p62 (sequestosome 1), NF-κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Results revealed that 0.6 and 1.2 mM FFA activated NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome as indicated by an elevated ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB, protein abundance of NLRP3 and CASP1 (caspase 1), activity of CASP1, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL18. In addition, hepatocyte treated with 0.6 and 1.2 mM FFA or autophagy inhibitor CQ displayed increased protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II. Moreover, there was no difference in protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II between calf hepatocytes treated with 1.2 mM FFA and 1.2 mM FFA plus CQ, indicating that FFA inhibits autophagic activity in calf hepatocytes. Treatment with CQ led to overactivation of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, CQ plus 1.2 mM FFA aggravated FFA-induced inflammation. In contrast, induction of autophagy by rapamycin ameliorated the FFA-activated NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome as demonstrated by a lower ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB, protein abundance of NLRP3 and CASP1, activity of CASP1, and mRNA abundance of IL1B and IL18. Overall, inhibition of autophagy exacerbated, whereas induction of autophagy alleviated, FFA-induced inflammatory processes in calf hepatocytes, suggesting that impairment of autophagy might be partly responsible for hepatic inflammation and subsequent liver injury in dairy cows with ketosis or fatty liver. As such, regulation of autophagy may be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling overt inflammatory responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Ahmad Aboragah
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Lingxue Ju
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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Zhu Z, Hu R, Li J, Xing X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Sun J. Alpinetin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-angiogenic effects through activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 pathway in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107660. [PMID: 33862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin is the major active ingredient of Alpiniakatsumadai Hayata. As a kind of novel plant-derived flavonoid, alpinetin has shown potent hepatoprotective effect against many liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine-induced liver injury. However, its roles in liver fibrosis remain to be determined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of alpinetin in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Alpinetin ameliorated the CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice, as shown by decreased collagen deposition and the decreased expression of liver fibrosis marker proteins. Alpinetin suppressed the inflammation and oxidative stress in fibrotic livers of mice, as evidenced by decreased levels of proinflammatory factors, the decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, alpinetin attenuated the angiogenesis in fibrotic livers of the test animals. Mechanistically, alpinetin inhibited the CCl4-induced expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, mature (cleaved-) IL-1β, and IL-18 in livers of mice. Furthermore, alpinetin resulted in an increased in the nuclear expression and a decrease in the cytoplasmic expression of Nrf2, as well as increased protein expression of downstream target enzymes, GCLC, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLM, thus exerting the antioxidant effect. Overall, these findings suggested that the anti-fibrotic effect of alpinetin can be attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated anti-inflammatory activities and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative activities, in addition to the decrement of hepatic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Renyue Hu
- Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jidan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China.
| | - Jingjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China.
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27
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Flores-León M, Alcaraz N, Pérez-Domínguez M, Torres-Arciga K, Rebollar-Vega R, De la Rosa-Velázquez IA, Arriaga-Canon C, Herrera LA, Arias C, González-Barrios R. Transcriptional Profiles Reveal Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Pathways in Neurons Exposed to Palmitic Acid. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4639-4651. [PMID: 34155583 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been studied to unravel the molecular pathways they are altering in order to understand the link between increased caloric intake, metabolic diseases, and the risk of cognitive dysfunction. The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), is the main component of HFD and it has been found increased in the circulation of obese and diabetic people. In the central nervous system, PA has been associated with inflammatory responses in astrocytes, but the effects on neurons exposed to it have not been largely investigated. Given that PA affects a variety of metabolic pathways, we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic profile activated by this fatty acid to shed light on the mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. In the current study, we profiled the transcriptome response after PA exposition at non-toxic doses in primary hippocampal neurons. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway analysis revealed a pattern of gene expression which is associated with inflammatory pathways, and importantly, with the activation of lipid metabolism that is considered not very active in neurons. Validation by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of Hmgcs2, Angptl4, Ugt8, and Rnf145 support the results obtained by RNAseq. Overall, these findings suggest that neurons are able to respond to saturated fatty acids changing the expression pattern of genes associated with inflammatory response and lipid utilization that may be involved in the neuronal damage associated with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores-León
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - N Alcaraz
- The Bioinformatics Centre. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Pérez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - K Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Rebollar-Vega
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I A De la Rosa-Velázquez
- Genomics Laboratory, Red de Apoyo a La Investigación - CIC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, INMCNSZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc. 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, 85754, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, CP 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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28
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Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell 2021; 184:2537-2564. [PMID: 33989548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver injury that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we provide an in-depth discussion of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to progressive liver injury, including the metabolic origins of NAFLD, the effect of NAFLD on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, bile acid toxicity, macrophage dysfunction, and hepatic stellate cell activation, and consider the role of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors that promote fibrosis progression and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH.
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29
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Chen TT, Xiao F, Li N, Shan S, Qi M, Wang ZY, Zhang SN, Wei W, Sun WY. Inflammasome as an Effective Platform for Fibrosis Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1575-1590. [PMID: 33907438 PMCID: PMC8069677 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final stage of the development of chronic inflammation. It is characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix, leading to tissue structure damage and organ dysfunction, which is a serious threat to human health and life. However, the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. Inflammasome is a molecular complex of proteins that has been becoming a key innate sensor for host immunity and is involved in pyroptosis, pathogen infection, metabolic syndrome, cellular stress, and tumor metastasis. Inflammasome signaling and downstream cytokine responses mediated by the inflammasome have been found to play an important role in fibrosis. The inflammasome regulates the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, which are both critical for the process of fibrosis. Recently, researches on the function of inflammasome have attracted extensive attention, and data derived from these researches have increased our understanding of the effects and regulation of inflammasome during fibrosis. In this review, we emphasize the growing evidence for both indirect and direct effects of inflammasomes in triggering fibrosis as well as potential novel targets for antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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30
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Wang R, Wang Y, Hu L, Lu Z, Wang X. Inhibition of complement C5a receptor protects lung cells and tissues against lipopolysaccharide-induced injury via blocking pyroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8588-8598. [PMID: 33714207 PMCID: PMC8034960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the injury of alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells caused by various factors. Complement system and pyroptosis have been proved to be involved in ALI, and inhibition of C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR) could alleviate ALI. This study aimed to investigate whether C5a/C5aR inhibition could protect against LPS-induced ALI via mediating pyroptosis. Rats were assigned into four groups: Control, LPS, LPS+W-54011 1mg/kg, and LPS+W-54011 5mg/kg. Beas-2B cells pretreated with or without C5a and W-54011, alone and in combination, were challenged with LPS+ATP. Results unveiled that LPS caused lung tissue injury and inflammatory response, increased pyroptotic and apoptotic factors, along with elevated C5a concentration and C5aR expressions. However, W-54011 pretreatment alleviated lung damage and pulmonary edema, reduced inflammation and prevented cell pyroptosis. In vitro studies confirmed that LPS+ATP reduced cell viability, promoted cell death, generated inflammatory factors and promoted expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins, which could be prevented by W-54011 pretreatment while intensified by C5a pretreatment. The co-treatment of C5a and W-54011 could blunt the effects of C5a on LPS+ATP-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, inhibition of C5a/C5aR developed protective effects against LPS-induced ALI and the cytotoxicity of Beas-2B cells, and these effects may depend on blocking pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renying Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Yunxing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Zhenbing Lu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
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31
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Zhang G, Tang L, Liu H, Liu D, Wang M, Cai J, Liu W, Nie W, Zhang Y, Yu X. Psidium guajava Flavonoids Prevent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Alleviate the Pancreatic Fibrosis in a Chronic Pancreatitis Mouse Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:2001-2015. [PMID: 34961420 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a multifactorial, inflammatory syndrome characterized by acinar atrophy and fibrosis. Activation of NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a central mediator of multiple chronic inflammatory responses and chronic fibrosis including pancreatic fibrosis in CP. The Psidium guajavaleaf is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammation, but the anti-inflammatory effect of Psidium guajavaleaf on CP has not yet been revealed. In this study, we investigated whether the extract of total flavonoids from Psidium guajava leaves (TFPGL) plays a therapeutic mechanism on CP through NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in a mouse CP model. The H&E and acid-Sirius red staining indicted that TFPGL attenuated the inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis significantly. The results of immunohistological staining, western blot and RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were significantly increased in the CP model group, while TFPGL significantly decreased the NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression at both the gene and protein levels. Moreover, ELISA assay was used to examine the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome target genes, such as caspase-1, IL-1[Formula: see text] and IL-18. We found that TFPGL treatment decreased the expression of caspase-1, IL-1[Formula: see text] and IL-18, which is critical for the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and inflammation response significantly. These results demonstrated that TFPGL attenuated pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis via preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and TFPGL can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Santan Hospital, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Manxue Wang
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Yu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Tianjin Institute of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medicine and Health Research Center, Tianjin 300020, P. R. China
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32
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Kuo CY, Chiu V, Hsieh PC, Huang CY, Huang SJ, Tzeng IS, Tsai FM, Chen ML, Liu CT, Chen YR. Chrysophanol attenuates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatic stellate cell fibrosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:172-182. [PMID: 32811746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are critical for liver fibrosis development. Anti-fibrosis occurs via reversion to quiescent-type HSCs or clearance of HSCs via apoptosis or ferroptosis. We aimed to elucidate the role of chrysophanol in rat HSC-T6 cells expressing HBx and investigate whether chrysophanol (isolated from Rheum palmatum rhizomes) influences cell death via ferroptosis in vitro. Analysis of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), Bip, CHOP, p-IRE1α, GPX4, SLC7A11, α-SMA, and CTGF showed that chrysophanol attenuated HBx-repressed cell death. Chrysophanol can impair HBx-induced activation of HSCs via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and ferroptosis-dependent and GPX4-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Valeria Chiu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - S Joseph Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, USA.
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Ming Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Mao-Liang Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ting Liu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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