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Singh P, Kumari M, Bal A, Srinivasan R, Ghosh S. Heat shock protein 60 is a disease-associated sialoglycoprotein in human non-small cell lung cancer. Biol Chem 2021; 401:969-983. [PMID: 32049642 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) have been reported in various malignancies. Earlier, we have found that MAA specifically interacted with human non-small cell lung-cancer (NSCLC) cells and induced apoptosis in these cells. The present study was designed to identify M. amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL-I, one of the components of MAA, having the same carbohydrate specificity as MAA) interacting membrane sialoglycoprotein(s) of two subtypes of human NSCLC cell lines. Nine proteins were identified using two-dimensional (2D)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by MAL-I-overlay transblotting and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Among these proteins, HSP60 was selected for further characterization. The sialoglycoprotein nature of membrane-HSP60 of NSCLC cell lines was confirmed by its reduced reactivity with MAL-I in Western blots in the presence of GM2 and by dual staining of the cell lines with MAL-I and HSP60-antibody. These findings were further substantiated by enzymatic analysis of membrane-HSP60 as well as in-silico evidence regarding this protein. Our observations were validated by immunohistochemical analysis of both subtypes of NSCLC tissue sections. Membrane-HSP60 was found to be involved in the inhibition of MAL-I-induced morphological alteration of NSCLC cells and also in the proliferation and migration of these cells, indicating the probable role of sialylated membrane-HSP60 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Singh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Munmun Kumari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
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2
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Motta CM, Simoniello P, Di Lorenzo M, Migliaccio V, Panzuto R, Califano E, Santovito G. Endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in the oocytes of the Antarctic Emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129282. [PMID: 33360142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica has long been considered a continent free from anthropic interference. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicate that metal contamination has gone so far and that its effects are still unknown. For this reason, in the present work, the potential endocrine disrupting effect of two highly polluting metals, copper and cadmium, were examined in the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii. After a 10 days waterborne exposure, ovarian metal uptake was determined by atomic absorption; in parallel, classical histological approaches were adopted to determine the effects on oocyte morphology, carbohydrate composition and presence and localization of progesterone and estrogen receptors. Results show that both metals induce oocyte degeneration in about one third of the previtellogenic oocytes, no matter the stage of development. In apparently healthy oocytes, changes in cytoplasm, cortical alveoli and/or chorion carbohydrates composition are observed. Cadmium but not copper also induces significant changes in the localization of progesterone and beta-estrogen receptors, a result that well correlates with the observed increase in ovarian metals concentrations. In conclusion, the acute modifications detected are suggestive of a significantly impaired fecundity and of a marked endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in this teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Panzuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Califano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Kang T, Boland BB, Jensen P, Alarcon C, Nawrocki A, Grimsby JS, Rhodes CJ, Larsen MR. Characterization of Signaling Pathways Associated with Pancreatic β-cell Adaptive Flexibility in Compensation of Obesity-linked Diabetes in db/db Mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:971-993. [PMID: 32265294 PMCID: PMC7261816 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of obesity-linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by an eventual failure in pancreatic β-cell function and mass that is no longer able to compensate for the inherent insulin resistance and increased metabolic load intrinsic to obesity. However, in a commonly used model of T2D, the db/db mouse, β-cells have an inbuilt adaptive flexibility enabling them to effectively adjust insulin production rates relative to the metabolic demand. Pancreatic β-cells from these animals have markedly reduced intracellular insulin stores, yet high rates of (pro)insulin secretion, together with a substantial increase in proinsulin biosynthesis highlighted by expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, when the metabolic overload and/or hyperglycemia is normalized, β-cells from db/db mice quickly restore their insulin stores and normalize secretory function. This demonstrates the β-cell's adaptive flexibility and indicates that therapeutic approaches applied to encourage β-cell rest are capable of restoring endogenous β-cell function. However, mechanisms that regulate β-cell adaptive flexibility are essentially unknown. To gain deeper mechanistic insight into the molecular events underlying β-cell adaptive flexibility in db/db β-cells, we conducted a combined proteomic and post-translational modification specific proteomic (PTMomics) approach on islets from db/db mice and wild-type controls (WT) with or without prior exposure to normal glucose levels. We identified differential modifications of proteins involved in redox homeostasis, protein refolding, K48-linked deubiquitination, mRNA/protein export, focal adhesion, ERK1/2 signaling, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling, as well as sialyltransferase activity, associated with β-cell adaptive flexibility. These proteins are all related to proinsulin biosynthesis and processing, maturation of insulin secretory granules, and vesicular trafficking-core pathways involved in the adaptation of insulin production to meet metabolic demand. Collectively, this study outlines a novel and comprehensive global PTMome signaling map that highlights important molecular mechanisms related to the adaptive flexibility of β-cell function, providing improved insight into disease pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brandon B Boland
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Pia Jensen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Cristina Alarcon
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joseph S Grimsby
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- The Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Disease, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Protein research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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4
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Sobierajska K, Wawro ME, Ciszewski WM, Niewiarowska J. Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Internalization via Caveolae Is Regulated by Tubulin-β2 and Tubulin-β3 during Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2531-2546. [PMID: 31539520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders, which are caused by long-term inflammation, are observed in numerous organs. These disorders are regulated mainly through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins by a fundamental cellular mechanism, known as the endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets that enable the inhibition of endothelial transdifferentiation. This study is the first to demonstrate that glycosylation of tubulin-β2 and tubulin-β3 in microtubules enhances sensitivity to TGF-β1 stimulation in human microvascular endothelial cells. We observed that the microtubules enriched in glycosylated tubulin-β2 and tubulin-β3 were necessary for caveolae-dependent TGF-β receptor internalization. Post-translational modulation is critical for the generation of myofibroblasts through endothelial-mesenchymal transition during fibrosis development. We suggest that microtubule glycosylation may become the target of new effective therapies for patients with recognized fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta E Wawro
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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5
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Groebner JL, Tuma PL. The Altered Hepatic Tubulin Code in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2140-59. [PMID: 26393662 PMCID: PMC4598792 DOI: 10.3390/biom5032140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that lead to the progression of alcoholic liver disease have been actively examined for decades. Because the hepatic microtubule cytoskeleton supports innumerable cellular processes, it has been the focus of many such mechanistic studies. It has long been appreciated that α-tubulin is a major target for modification by highly reactive ethanol metabolites and reactive oxygen species. It is also now apparent that alcohol exposure induces post-translational modifications that are part of the natural repertoire, mainly acetylation. In this review, the modifications of the "tubulin code" are described as well as those adducts by ethanol metabolites. The potential cellular consequences of microtubule modification are described with a focus on alcohol-induced defects in protein trafficking and enhanced steatosis. Possible mechanisms that can explain hepatic dysfunction are described and how this relates to the onset of liver injury is discussed. Finally, we propose that agents that alter the cellular acetylation state may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Groebner
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Pamela L Tuma
- Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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6
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Song Y, Brady ST. Post-translational modifications of tubulin: pathways to functional diversity of microtubules. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:125-36. [PMID: 25468068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin and microtubules are subject to a remarkable number of post-translational modifications. Understanding the roles these modifications play in determining the functions and properties of microtubules has presented a major challenge that is only now being met. Many of these modifications are found concurrently, leading to considerable diversity in cellular microtubules, which varies with development, differentiation, cell compartment, and cell cycle. We now know that post-translational modifications of tubulin affect, not only the dynamics of the microtubules, but also their organization and interaction with other cellular components. Many early suggestions of how post-translational modifications affect microtubules have been replaced with new ideas and even new modifications as our understanding of cellular microtubule diversity comes into focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Song
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boyer Center, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 065105, USA
| | - Scott T Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 808 S. Wood St., Rm 578 (M/C 512), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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7
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Malagolini N, Catera M, Osorio H, Reis CA, Chiricolo M, Dall'Olio F. Apoptotic cells selectively uptake minor glycoforms of vitronectin from serum. Apoptosis 2014; 18:373-84. [PMID: 23381642 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis profoundly alters the carbohydrate layer coating the membrane of eukaryotic cells. Previously we showed that apoptotic cells became reactive with the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin from Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), regardless of their histological origin and the nature of the apoptotic stimulus. Here we reveal the basis of the phenomenon by showing that in apoptotic cancer cell lines SNA reactivity was mainly associated with a 67 kDa glycoprotein which we identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF and immunoblot analysis as bovine vitronectin (bVN). bVN was neither present in non-apoptotic cells, nor in cells induced to apoptosis in serum-free medium, indicating that its uptake from the cell culture serum occurred only during apoptosis. The bVN molecules associated with apoptotic cancer cell lines represented minor isoforms, lacking the carboxyterminal sequence and paradoxically containing a few α2,6-linked sialic acid residues. Despite their poor α2,6-sialylation, these bVN molecules were sufficient to turn apoptotic cells to SNA reactivity, which is a late apoptotic event occurring in cells positive to both annexin-V and propidium iodide. Unlike in cancer cell lines, the major bVN form taken up by apoptotic neutrophils and mononuclear cells was a 80 kDa form. In apoptotic SW948 cells we also detected the α2,6-sialylated forms of the stress-70 mitochondrial precursor (mortalin) and of tubulin-β2C. These data indicate that the acquisition of vitronectin isoforms from the environment is a general, although cell specific phenomenon, potentially playing an important role in post-apoptotic events and that the α2,6-sialylation of intracellular proteins is a new kind of posttranslational modification associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Gebriel M, Prabhudesai S, Uleberg KE, Larssen E, Piston D, Bjørnstad AH, Møller SG. Zebrafish brain proteomics reveals central proteins involved in neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:104-15. [PMID: 24123299 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex biology of the brain requires analyzing its structural and functional complexity at the protein level. The large-scale analysis of the brain proteome, coupled with characterization of central brain proteins, provides insight into fundamental brain processes and processes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we provide a map of the zebrafish brain proteome by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), followed by the identification of 95 brain proteins using mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). Our data show extensive phosphorylation of brain proteins but less prominent glycosylation. Furthermore, ~51% of the identified proteins are predicted to have one or more ubiquitination sites whereas ~90% are predicted to have one or more SUMOylation sites. Our findings provide a valuable proteome map of the zebrafish brain and associated posttranslational modifications demonstrating that zebrafish proteomic approaches can aid in our understanding of proteins central to important neuronal processes and those associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Gebriel
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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9
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Ludueña RF. A Hypothesis on the Origin and Evolution of Tubulin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 302:41-185. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407699-0.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Mazumder R, Morampudi KS, Motwani M, Vasudevan S, Goldman R. Proteome-wide analysis of single-nucleotide variations in the N-glycosylation sequon of human genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36212. [PMID: 22586465 PMCID: PMC3346765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one of the most frequent post-translational modifications of proteins with a profound impact on their biological function. Besides other functions, N-linked glycosylation assists in protein folding, determines protein orientation at the cell surface, or protects proteins from proteases. The N-linked glycans attach to asparagines in the sequence context Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X is any amino acid except proline. Any variation (e.g. non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism or mutation) that abolishes the N-glycosylation sequence motif will lead to the loss of a glycosylation site. On the other hand, variations causing a substitution that creates a new N-glycosylation sequence motif can result in the gain of glycosylation. Although the general importance of glycosylation is well known and acknowledged, the effect of variation on the actual glycoproteome of an organism is still mostly unknown. In this study, we focus on a comprehensive analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (nsSNV) that lead to either loss or gain of the N-glycosylation motif. We find that 1091 proteins have modified N-glycosylation sequons due to nsSNVs in the genome. Based on analysis of proteins that have a solved 3D structure at the site of variation, we find that 48% of the variations that lead to changes in glycosylation sites occur at the loop and bend regions of the proteins. Pathway and function enrichment analysis show that a significant number of proteins that gained or lost the glycosylation motif are involved in kinase activity, immune response, and blood coagulation. A structure-function analysis of a blood coagulation protein, antithrombin III and a protease, cathepsin D, showcases how a comprehensive study followed by structural analysis can help better understand the functional impact of the nsSNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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11
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Lagarda-Diaz I, Robles-Burgeño MR, Guzman-Partida AM, Geiser D, Winzerling J, Vazquez-Moreno L. Binding of PF2 lectin from Olneya tesota to gut proteins of Zabrotes subfasciatus larvae associated with the insecticidal mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2398-2402. [PMID: 22288827 DOI: 10.1021/jf2045872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) is the main pest of common beans ( Phaselous vulgaris ). Wild legume seeds from Olneya tesota contain a lectin, PF2, that shows insecticidal activities against this insect. The binding of PF2 to midgut glycoproteins of 20-day-old larvae was evaluated using PF2 affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of the proteins retained on the gel revealed several putative glycoproteins, ranging in mass from 17 to 97 kDa. Subsequent protein digestion and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provided amino acid fragments that identified an α-tubulin, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, an odorant receptor, and a lysozyme from available insect sequence databases. The potential of these proteins to serve as part of the mechanisms involved in the insecticidal activity of PF2 to Z. subfasciatus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlanda Lagarda-Diaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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12
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Vandenborre G, Smagghe G, Ghesquière B, Menschaert G, Nagender Rao R, Gevaert K, Van Damme EJM. Diversity in protein glycosylation among insect species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16682. [PMID: 21373189 PMCID: PMC3044136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A very common protein modification in multicellular organisms is protein glycosylation or the addition of carbohydrate structures to the peptide backbone. Although the Class of the Insecta is the largest animal taxon on Earth, almost all information concerning glycosylation in insects is derived from studies with only one species, namely the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this report, the differences in glycoproteomes between insects belonging to several economically important insect orders were studied. Using GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) affinity chromatography, different sets of glycoproteins with mannosyl-containing glycan structures were purified from the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), the silkworm (Bombyx mori), the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the fruit fly (D. melanogaster) and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). To identify and characterize the purified glycoproteins, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed. For all insect species, it was demonstrated that glycoproteins were related to a broad range of biological processes and molecular functions. Moreover, the majority of glycoproteins retained on the GNA column were unique to one particular insect species and only a few glycoproteins were present in the five different glycoprotein sets. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that insect glycoproteins can be decorated with mannosylated O-glycans. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results presented here demonstrate that oligomannose N-glycosylation events are highly specific depending on the insect species. In addition, we also demonstrated that protein O-mannosylation in insect species may occur more frequently than currently believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Vandenborre
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerben Menschaert
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rameshwaram Nagender Rao
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Wloga D, Gaertig J. Post-translational modifications of microtubules. J Cell Sci 2011; 123:3447-55. [PMID: 20930140 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules--polymers of tubulin--perform essential functions, including regulation of cell shape, intracellular transport and cell motility. How microtubules are adapted to perform multiple diverse functions is not well understood. Post-translational modifications of tubulin subunits diversify the outer and luminal surfaces of microtubules and provide a potential mechanism for their functional specialization. Recent identification of a number of tubulin-modifying and -demodifying enzymes has revealed key roles of tubulin modifications in the regulation of motors and factors that affect the organization and dynamics of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wloga
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Sun Q, Kang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Dai Z, Lu W, Zhou X, Liu X, Yang P, Liu Y. DSA affinity glycoproteome of human liver tissue. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 484:24-9. [PMID: 19467628 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the critical roles of glycoproteins in the activities of cells to tissues, mapping of liver glycoproteome may provide valuable basic information for finding disease marker proteins. In this study, Datura Stramonium Agglutinin (DSA) was chosen to enrich N-linked glycoproteins for its broader specificity with tri- or tetra-antennary complex type. DSA affinity glycoproteins' profiles of human liver tissue were generated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by glycoprotein staining based on multiplexed proteomics (MP) technology. 64+/-3 (n=3) protein spots were detected and 41 of glycoproteins were identified via peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and annotated to IPI databases. Identified glycoproteins definitely take part in the regulation of cell cycle and metabolic processes. The detailed carbohydrate moiety of some glycoproteins might be concluded according to the literatures. The construction of DSA affinity glycoprotein database would contribute to the subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangling Sun
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Srinivasan S, Baszler T, Vonlaufen N, Leepin A, Sanderson SJ, Wastling JM, Hemphill A. Monoclonal antibody directed against Neospora caninum tachyzoite carbohydrate epitope reacts specifically with apical complex-associated sialylated beta tubulin. J Parasitol 2007; 92:1235-43. [PMID: 17304800 DOI: 10.1645/ge-889r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against whole sonicated Neospora caninum tachyzoites as immunogen. Initial ELISA screening of the reactivity of hybridoma culture supernatants using the same antigen and antigen treated with sodium periodate prior to antibody binding resulted in the identification of 8 supernatants with reactivity against putative carbohydrate epitopes. Following immunoblotting, mab6D12 (IgG1), binding a 52/48-kDa doublet, and mab6C6 (IgM), binding a 190/180-kDa doublet, were selected for further studies. Immunofluorescence of tachyzoite-infected cultures localized the corresponding epitopes not to the surface, but to interior epitopes at the apical part of N. caninum tachyzoites. During in vitro tachyzoite to bradyzoite stage conversion, mab6C6 labeling translocated toward the cyst periphery, while for mab6D12 no changes in localization were noted. Upon extraction of tachyzoites with the nonionic detergent Triton-X-100, the 52-kDa band recognized by mab6D12 was present exclusively in the insoluble, cytoskeletal fraction of both N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified this protein as N. caninum beta tubulin. The 48-kDa band labeled by mab6D12 was a Vero cell protein contamination. The protein(s) reacting with mab6C6 could not be conclusively identified by mass spectrometry. Immunofluorescence consistently failed to label T. gondii tachyzoites, indicating that beta tubulin in T. gondii and N. caninum could be differentially modified or that the reactive epitope in T. gondii is masked. Immunogold TEM of isolated apical cytoskeletal preparations and dual immunofluorescence with antibody to tubulin confirmed that mab6D12 binds to the anterior part of apical complex-associated microtubules. The sodium periodate sensitivity of the beta tubulin associated epitope was confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA, and treatment of N. caninum cytoskeletal proteins with sialidase prior to mab6D12 labeling resulted in a profound loss of antibody binding, suggesting that mab6D12 reacts with sialylated beta tubulin.
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Zhou HJ, Liu YK, Chui JF, Sun QL, Lu WJ, Guo K, Jin H, Wei LM, Yang PY. A glycoproteome database of normal human liver tissue. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:379-87. [PMID: 17219199 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To extensively investigate the glycoproteins of normal human liver tissue, constructing the glycoprotein profile and database of the normal human liver tissue. METHODS The total proteins were extracted from the normal human liver tissue and then subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Finally, 2-DE gels were stained according to the methods of multiplexed proteomics (MP) technology. Glycoprotein spots were excised from 2-DE gel and then characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). RESULTS The PDQuest software detected 1,011 glycoprotein spots and 1,923 total protein spots in the 2-DE gels of sample from the normal human liver tissue. Furthermore, 116 species of glycoproteins were successfully identified via peptide mass profiling using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and annotated to our databases. In addition, we also applied bioinformatics softwares to predict N- or O-glycosylation sites of identified glycoproteins. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel technological platform to contruct glycoprotein databases. These results lay the foundation for future physiological and pathological studies of the human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Lenchik NJ, Pabst MJ, Solomon SS, Shull J, Gerling IC. Functional characterization of two-dimensional gel-separated proteins using sequential staining. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:225-37. [PMID: 15624177 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis can be visualized using various protein staining methods. This is followed by downstream procedures, such as image analysis, gel spot cutting, protein digestion, and mass spectrometry (MS), to characterize protein expression profiles within cells, tissues, organisms, or body fluids. Characterizing specific post-translational modifications on proteins using MS of peptide fragments is difficult and labor-intensive. Recently, specific staining methods have been developed and merged into the 2-D gel platform so that not only general protein patterns but also patterns of phosphorylated and glycosylated proteins can be obtained. We used the new Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein dye technology for the fluorescent detection of phosphoproteins directly in 2-D gels of mouse leukocyte proteins, and Pro-Q Emerald 488 glycoprotein dye to detect glycoproteins. These two fluorescent stains are compatible with general protein stains, such as SYPRO Ruby stain. We devised a sequential procedure using Pro-Q Diamond (phosphoprotein), followed by Pro-Q Emerald 488 (glycoprotein), followed by SYPRO Ruby stain (general protein stain), and finally silver stain for total protein profile. This multiple staining of the proteins in a single gel provided parallel determination of protein expression and preliminary characterization of post-translational modifications of proteins in individual spots on 2-D gels. Although this method does not provide the same degree of certainty as traditional MS methods of characterizing post-translational modifications, it is much simpler, faster, and does not require sophisticated equipment and expertise in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee,Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA
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