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Kapoor RT, Zdarta J. Fabrication of engineered biochar for remediation of toxic contaminants in soil matrices and soil valorization. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142101. [PMID: 38653395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Biochar has emerged as an efficacious green material for remediation of a wide spectrum of environmental pollutants. Biochar has excellent characteristics and can be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of emerging pollutants in soil through adsorption and other physico-chemical reactions. This paper systematically reviewed previous researches on application of biochar/engineered biochar for removal of soil contaminants, and underlying adsorption mechanism. Engineered biochar are derivatives of pristine biochar that are modified by various physico-chemical and biological procedures to improve their adsorption capacities for contaminants. This review will promote the possibility to expand the application of biochar for restoration of degraded lands in the industrial area or saline soil, and further increase the useable area. This review shows that application of biochar is a win-win strategy for recycling and utilization of waste biomass and environmental remediation. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the problem of soil pollution. However, these studies were performed mainly in a laboratory or a small scale, hence, further investigations are required to fill the research gaps and to check real-time applicability of engineered biochar on the industrial contaminated sites for its large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Centre for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Hu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Li S, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, Zhang X, Kuca K. Revolutionizing soil heavy metal remediation: Cutting-edge innovations in plant disposal technology. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170577. [PMID: 38311074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals has emerged as a global environmental threat, compromising agricultural productivity, ecosystem integrity, and human health. Conventional remediation techniques often fall short due to high costs, operational complexities, and environmental drawbacks. Plant-based disposal technologies, including biochar, phytometallurgy, and phrolysis, have emerged as promising solutions in this regard. Grounded in a novel experimental framework, biochar is studied for its dual role as soil amendment and metal adsorbent, while phytometallurgy is explored for its potential in resource recovery and economic benefits derived from harvested metal-rich plant biomass. Pyrolysis, in turn, is assessed for transforming contaminated biomass into value-added products, thereby minimizing waste. These plant disposal technologies create a circular model of remediation and resource utilization that holds the potential for application in large-scale soil recovery projects, development of environmentally friendly agro-industries, and advancement in sustainable waste management practices. This review mainly discussed cutting-edge plant disposal technologies-biochar application, phytometallurgy, and pyrolysis-as revolutionary approaches to soil heavy metal remediation. The efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of these innovative technologies are especially evaluated in comparison with traditional methods. The success of these applications could signal a paradigm shift in how we approach both environmental remediation and resource recovery, with profound implications for sustainable development and circular economy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Hu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Junbang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
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3
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Doyle S, Figueroa L, Heinze D. Geochemical controls on mobilization of metals from a 100-year-old waste rock pile and implications for selection of cover amendments. J Environ Manage 2023; 329:116958. [PMID: 36549066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation of mine waste rock piles typically consists of constructing a cover with amendments to improve conditions for vegetation. However, cover amendments have potential to mobilize metals in waste by introducing new chemicals and altering pH and redox conditions. This study evaluates metal phases in a 100-year-old waste rock pile with high metals content (3.5% lead by weight, 0.8% zinc, and 0.75% copper) and the potential for these metals to be mobilized by several cover materials and amendments (topsoil, spent brewery grain, biochar, compost, commercial soil media, and phosphate). Laboratory testing indicates that metals have weathered from their initial metal sulfide phases (galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite), and are now also present as sulfates, phosphates, carbonates, and phases associated with manganese/iron oxides. Sequential extraction tests demonstrated that the largest extractable fraction of metals is associated with manganese/iron oxides (37% of lead by weight, 22% of copper, and 26% of zinc), suggesting an environmental risk should geochemically reducing conditions develop and mobilize metals in the pile after cover construction. Testing of specific cover materials demonstrated that metals mobilization also occurs from low pH (as with spent brewery grain), formation of stable aqueous metal-organic complexes (as with spent brewery grain and compost), and ligand exchange (as with phosphate amendment). Results of this study demonstrate the importance of identifying metal phases present in a waste rock pile prior to selecting cover amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Doyle
- Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Linda Figueroa
- Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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Abd El-Azeim MM, Menesi AM, Abd El-Mageed MM, Lemanowicz J, Haddad SA. Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water. Agriculture 2022; 12:1723. [DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The current research aims to study the impacts of adding corncob biochar to a sandy soil irrigated with drainage water on wheat productivity, heavy metals fate, and some soil properties that reflect healthy soil conditions. This research consists of two separate experiments under field (lysimeters) and pot incubation conditions conducted on sandy soil irrigated with drainage water and treated with corncob biochar at the rate of 0.0, 1, 2, and 3% as mixing or mulching. Results specified that drainage water electrical conductivity value (5.89 dS m−1) lies under the degree of restriction on use of “Severe”, indicating that nonstop irrigation with such drainage water may cause a severe salinity problem in soil in the long run. A comparison of heavy metal concentrations of biochar-treated soils with the control showed that total heavy metals had accumulated significantly in the topsoil layer. Most of the available heavy metal concentrations in all soil leachate fractions were below the method detection limits. Mean concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in wheat crops were far below the concentrations considered phytotoxic to wheat plants. More than 90% of the Ni, Cd, and Pb contained in the drainage water of the Al-Moheet drain were significantly present (p ≤ 0.05) and adsorbed by biochar in the top 20 cm of soil lysimeters, indicating the high biochar adsorptive capacity of heavy metals. Total counts of bacteria and fungi gradually and significantly increased over the soil incubation time despite irrigation with contaminated drainage water. Soil resistance index (SRI) values for microbial biomass were positive throughout the experiment and increased significantly as the application rate of corncob biochar increased. These results indicated the high feasibility of using corncob biochar at a rate of 3% to temporarily improve the health of sandy soil despite irrigation with drainage water.
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Seo JY, Tokmurzin D, Lee D, Lee SH, Seo MW, Park YK. Production of biochar from crop residues and its application for biofuel production processes - An overview. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127740. [PMID: 35934249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable carbon-neutral society is imperative for future generations, and biochars and biofuels are inevitable choice to achieve this goal. Crop residues (CR) such as sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, and rice husk are promising sustainable resources as a feedstock for biochars and biofuels. Extensive research has been conducted on CR-based biochar production not only in environmental remediation areas but also in application for biofuel production. Here, the distribution and resource potential of major crop residues are presented. The production of CR-biochar and its applications in biofuel production processes, focusing on the latest research are discussed. Finally, the challenges and areas of opportunity for future research in terms of CR supply, CR-biochar production, and CR-biochar utilization for biofuel production are proposed. Compared with other literature reviews, this study can serve as a guide for the establishment of sustainable, economical, commercial CR-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Seo
- National Climate Technology Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Diyar Tokmurzin
- Clean Fuel Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - See Hoon Lee
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment & Energy, Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Won Seo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Meng F, Huang Q, Cai Y, Li F, Yuan G. Effects of biowaste-derived biochar on the dynamic behavior of cadmium fractions in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:59043-59051. [PMID: 35381922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly used amendment to soil contaminated by heavy metals, biochar has attracted great attention and has been applied for decades due to the benefits to the soil. However, the effects of biochar on the dynamic behavior of soil properties and metal fractions are still unclear. Here, we used two biochars, derived from biowastes (reed and bamboo willow), to treat two cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils, S1 (loamy sand) and S2 (sandy loam), and determined the dynamic effects. The incubation experiments were designed to investigate the effects of biochar on the dynamic behavior of soil pH, dissolved organic matter (DOM), bioavailable Cd, and the transformation of Cd fractions for 270 days. The results showed that the soil pH, DOM, and bioavailable Cd initially increased and then decreased with incubation time, and the soil pH and DOM were higher, but bioavailable Cd content was lower than the original value. The transformation of the metal fractions changed dynamically, and the exchangeable fraction of Cd decreased with incubation time. Furthermore, the correlation results showed that the DOM can directly control the redistribution of Cd fractions, while soil pH can control it indirectly by regulating the DOM. This study highlighted that biochar can affect soil pH and DOM, redistribute Cd fractions, decrease bioavailable Cd content, and lower the potential risk of heavy metals. This study suggests ways to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils using biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fande Meng
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Yongbing Cai
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Feiyue Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Guodong Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, Guangdong, China.
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Lebrun M, Miard F, Trakal L, Bourgerie S, Morabito D. The reduction of the As and Pb phytotoxicity of a former mine technosol depends on the amendment type and properties. Chemosphere 2022; 300:134592. [PMID: 35430201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In remediation of metal(loid) polluted soils, it is crucial to improve soil conditions and reduce metal(loid) toxicity to permit plant growth. To do that, amendments, such as biochar, activated carbon, and redmud, can be applied to the soil. Their effects are dependent on their type and properties. The aims of this study were thus to evaluate the potential of diverse biochars, activated carbons, and redmuds to reduce phytotoxicity of a former mine technosol polluted with As and Pb. Two pots experiments were set up. The first one applied on Pontgibaud technosol ten biochars, eight activated carbons, and three redmuds, at 2% for the biochars and activated carbons and 1% for the redmud. Soil pore water properties (pH, electrical conductivity), metal(loid) mobility, and Phaseolus vulgaris growth were monitored. In a second experiment, the five best amendments, one redmud associated with two biochars and two activated carbons, selected based on their ability to improve soil conditions, immobilize metal(loid)s and improve plant growth, were applied. The same plant species was used and soil and plant parameters were measured. Results demonstrated that not all amendments were capable of ameliorating soil conditions and reducing soil phytotoxicity. Moreover, the five selected amendments (biochars from oak bark sapwood and bamboo, activated carbons from vegetal feedstock chemically activated and physically activated, modified redmud) showed good sorption capacity towards Pb, with maximum sorption capacity between 63 and 217 mg g-1, depending on the amendment, and their combined application led to better soil properties improvement than the single amendments. However, plant growth was only ameliorated further than a single application in the redmud-biochar combination but not in the association of redmud with activated carbon. This study is one of the first to deliver a rapid phytotoxicity test screening demonstrating that redmud associated with particular biochar could be beneficial in reducing the phytotoxicity of technosol polluted with As and Pb and thus allow plant growth and a phytomanagement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhattan Lebrun
- University of Orleans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France.
| | - Florie Miard
- University of Orleans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Lukáš Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvain Bourgerie
- University of Orleans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Domenico Morabito
- University of Orleans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans, Cedex 2, France
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Abedi T, Gavanji S, Mojiri A. Lead and Zinc Uptake and Toxicity in Maize and Their Management. Plants 2022; 11:plants11151922. [PMID: 35893627 PMCID: PMC9332466 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a global problem, and these metals can reach the food chain through uptake by plants, endangering human health. Among the metal pollutants in soils, zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) are common co-pollutants from anthropogenic activities. Thus, we sought to define the accumulation of Zn and Pb in agricultural soils and maize. Concentrations of Pb in agricultural soil (in Namibia) could reach 3015 mg/Kg, whereas concentrations of Zn in soil (in China) could reach 1140 mg/Kg. In addition, the maximum concentrations of Zn and Pb were 27,870 and 2020 mg/Kg in maize roots and 4180 and 6320 mg/Kg in shoots, respectively. Recent studies have shown that soil properties (such as organic matter content, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), texture, and clay content) can play important roles in the bioavailability of Zn and Pb. We also investigated some of the genes and proteins involved in the uptake and transport of Zn and Pb by maize. Among several amendment methods to reduce the bioavailability of Zn and Pb in soils, the use of biochar, bioremediation, and the application of gypsum and lime have been widely reported as effective methods for reducing the accumulation of metals in soils and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Abedi
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan;
| | - Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Gao Y, Wu P, Jeyakumar P, Bolan N, Wang H, Gao B, Wang S, Wang B. Biochar as a potential strategy for remediation of contaminated mining soils: Mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives. J Environ Manage 2022; 313:114973. [PMID: 35398638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal contamination caused by mining activities is a global issue. These heavy metals can be enriched in plants and animals through the food chain, and eventually transferred to the human system and threatening public health. Biochar, as an environmentally friendly soil remediation agent, can effectively immobilize heavy metals in soil. However, most researchers concern more about the remediation effect and mechanism of biochar for industrial and agricultural contaminated soil, while related reviews focusing on mining soil remediation are limited. Furthermore, the remediation effect of soil in mining areas is affected by many factors, such as physicochemical properties of biochar, pyrolysis conditions, soil conditions, mining environment and application method, which can lead to great differences in the remediation effect of biochar in diverse mining areas. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically unravel the relevant knowledge of biochar remediation, which can also provide a guide for future studies on biochar remediation of contaminated soils in mining areas. The present paper first reviews the negative effects of mining activities on soil and the advantages of biochar relative to other remediation methods, followed by the mechanism and influencing factors of biochar on reducing heavy metal migration and bioavailability in mining soil were systematically summarized. Finally, the main research directions and development trends in the future are pointed out, and suggestions for future development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Gao
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- The Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Simiele M, De Zio E, Montagnoli A, Terzaghi M, Chiatante D, Scippa GS, Trupiano D. Biochar and/or Compost to Enhance Nursery-Produced Seedling Performance: A Potential Tool for Forest Restoration Programs. Forests 2022; 13:550. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of nursery-produced seedlings is the most widely adopted method in forest restoration processes. To ensure and enhance the performance of transplanting seedlings into a specific area, soil amendments are often used due to their ability to improve soil physicochemical properties and, in turn, plant growth and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Populus euramericana growth and development on a growing substrate added with biochar and compost, both alone and in combination. To accomplish this aim, a pot experiment was performed to test biochar and/or compost effects on growing substrate physicochemical characteristics, plant morpho-physiological traits, and plant phenology. The results showed that biochar and/or compost improved growing substrate properties by increasing electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient concentrations. On the one hand, these ameliorations accelerated poplar growth and development. On the other hand, amendments did not have positive effects on some plant morphological traits, although compost alone increased plant height, and very fine and fine root length. The combined use of biochar and compost did not show any synergistic or cumulative beneficial effects and led to a reduction in plant growth and development. In conclusion, compost alone seems to be the best solution in both ameliorating substrate characteristics and increasing plant growth, highlighting the great potential for its proper and effective application in large-scale forest restoration strategies.
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Lebrun M, Bourgerie S, Morabito D. Effects of Different Biochars, Activated Carbons and Redmuds on the Growth of Trifolium repens and As and Pb Stabilization in a Former Mine Technosol. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 108:403-414. [PMID: 34041578 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by metal(loid)s is an important issue in Europe, as it causes environmental and health problems. Therefore, remediation of these areas is needed. The success of phytoremediation process will depend on the ability of plants to implement, which can require the addition of amendments to the soil in order to improve soil conditions, immobilize pollutant and thus ameliorate plant growth. Amendments that can be used are biochar, activated carbon and redmuds, all of which have previously shown positive outcomes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of several amendments (biochars, activated carbons and redmuds) on (i) the soil physico-chemical properties of a former mine technosol contaminated by As and Pb, (ii) As and Pb immobilization and (iii) the growth of Trifolium repens. Results showed that amendment addition could ameliorate soil conditions, by reducing soil acidity (pH increased by 1.2 to 1.7 units) and immobilizing pollutants (85 to 99% of Pb immobilized); and improve plant growth (dry weight increased 1.5 to 2.5 times). However, not all amendments were beneficial to the soil and plant. For instance, the L27 activated carbon acidified soil pH, mobilized As and lowered plant growth. This study has allowed us to conclude that amendment effect is dependent on soil type, metal(loid)s and amendment properties, and it is thus necessary to choose the right amendment. Finally, amendments could be combined for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhattan Lebrun
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA1207, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.
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Shentu J, Li X, Han R, Chen Q, Shen D, Qi S. Effect of site hydrological conditions and soil aggregate sizes on the stabilization of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) by biochar. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149949. [PMID: 34525744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a popular material that would effectively immobilize heavy metals in soil, which can greatly decrease the health risk of heavy metals. Although many previous studies have studied the immobilization of heavy metals by biochar, the influence of hydrological conditions on the immobilization effect is still not clear. This paper carried out column experiments to study the effect of fluctuating groundwater table on Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn distribution and speciation with the addition of biochar from pyrolysis of swine manure. Experimental results showed that biochar could significantly decrease the leaching toxicity of Cu and Ni by 24.4% and 44.7% respectively, while the immobilization effect of Pb and Zn was relatively insignificant. The average reduction percentage of bioavailable Cu was 14.5%, 39.5% and 33.3% in the unsaturated zone, fluctuating zone and saturated zone respectively, showing the better immobilization effect in the fluctuating zone and saturated zone. The residual fraction of heavy metals increased significantly after the addition of biochar, and the increase of residual fraction was larger in small soil aggregates. This study helped illustrate the influence of hydrological conditions and soil aggregate sizes on the stabilization effect of heavy metals by biochar, which could be used to guide the remediation process of sites contaminated by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Shengqi Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
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de Lima Veloso V, da Silva FBV, Dos Santos NM, do Nascimento CWA. Phytoattenuation of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a Slag-contaminated Soil Amended with Rice Straw Biochar and Grown with Energy Maize. Environ Manage 2022; 69:196-212. [PMID: 34480611 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has attracted interest due to its ability to improve soil fertility, soil carbon, and crop yield. Also, biochar can adsorb metals and render them less bioavailable. We investigated the soil availability, sequential extraction, and maize uptake of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a highly contaminated soil amended with rice straw biochar rates (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 Mg ha-1). We hypothesized that biochar application to the soil cultivated with maize attenuates metal toxicity and mobility in slag-polluted soils near an abandoned Pb smelting plant in Brazil. Results showed that applying biochar increased the soil organic carbon, CEC, and P up to 27, 30, and 107, respectively. Plant accumulation of P and N was 104 and 32% higher than control, while aerial and root biomasses were increased by 18 and 23%. The sequential extraction showed that Pb and Zn in the original soil were retained mainly in residual fractions (94 and 87%, respectively), while Cd was mostly allocated in the organic fraction (47%). Biochar rates increased the proportion of Cd in the organic fraction to 85%, while Pb and Zn were redistributed mainly into iron oxides. The Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability assessed by DTPA decreased 32% in the biochar-amended soil, reducing plants' metal uptake. The maize biomass increase, metal soil bioavailability decrease, and low metal concentration in shoots driven by biochar indicate that phytoattenuation using rice straw biochar and maize cultivation could reduce risks to humans and the environment in the polluted sites of Santo Amaro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venâncio de Lima Veloso
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manuel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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Ma W, Sun T, Xu Y, Zheng S, Sun Y. In‒situ immobilization remediation, soil aggregate distribution, and microbial community composition in weakly alkaline Cd‒contaminated soils: A field study. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118327. [PMID: 34634410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has advantages of a large specific surface area and micropore structure, which is beneficial for immobilization remediation of heavy metal‒contaminated soils. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar (BC) (7.5, 15, and 15 t hm-2) on Cd availability in soils and accumulation in maize (Zea mays L), soil aggregate structure, and microbial community abundance. The results show that BC treatment promoted the formation of large aggregates (5-8 and 2-5 mm) and enhanced aggregate stability, whereas it decreased the proportion of ≤0.25 mm soil aggregates. The geometric mean diameter and mean weight diameter under BC‒treated soils increased by 9.9%-40.5% and 3.6%-32.7%, respectively, indicating that the stability of soil aggregates increased. Moreover, BC facilitated the migration of Cd from large particles (>0.5 mm aggregates) to small particles (<0.25 mm aggregates). The application of BC decreased diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ‒extractable Cd by 17.6%-32.12% in contrast with the control. The amount of Cd in maize was reduced by 56.7%-81.1% for zhengdan958, 52.4%-85.9% for Sanbei218, and 73.7%-90.4% for Liyu16. When compared with the control groups, BC addition significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of Ace observed, Shannon diversity indices, and the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Therefore, rice husk BC exhibited a certain feasibility in immobilizing remediation of weakly alkaline Cd‒contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro‒Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro‒Environment and Agro‒Product Safety, Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro‒Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro‒Environment and Agro‒Product Safety, Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro‒Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro‒Environment and Agro‒Product Safety, Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Shunan Zheng
- Rural Energy & Environment Agency, MARA, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro‒Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro‒Environment and Agro‒Product Safety, Agro‒Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Vithanage M, Mayakaduwage SS, Gunarathne V, Rajapaksha AU, Ahmad M, Abduljabbar A, Usman A, Al-Wabel MI, Ippolito JA, Ok YS. Animal carcass burial management: implications for sustainable biochar use. Appl Biol Chem 2021; 64:91. [PMID: 34957350 PMCID: PMC8693145 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-021-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on existing technologies for carcass and corpse disposal and potential alternative treatment strategies. Furthermore, key issues related to these treatments (e.g., carcass and corpse disposal events, available methods, performances, and limitations) are addressed in conjunction with associated environmental impacts. Simultaneously, various treatment technologies have been evaluated to provide insights into the adsorptive removal of specific pollutants derived from carcass disposal and management. In this regard, it has been proposed that a low-cost pollutant sorbent may be utilized, namely, biochar. Biochar has demonstrated the ability to remove (in)organic pollutants and excess nutrients from soils and waters; thus, we identify possible biochar uses for soil and water remediation at carcass and corpse disposal sites. To date, however, little emphasis has been placed on potential biochar use to manage such disposal sites. We highlight the need for strategic efforts to accurately assess biochar effectiveness when applied towards the remediation of complex pollutants produced and circulated within carcass and corpse burial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
| | - S. S. Mayakaduwage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250 Sri Lanka
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Adel Abduljabbar
- Industrial Psychology, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Usman
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I. Al-Wabel
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management and Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
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Adamian Y, Lonappan L, Alokpa K, Agathos SN, Cabana H. Recent Developments in the Immobilization of Laccase on Carbonaceous Supports for Environmental Applications - A Critical Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:778239. [PMID: 34938721 PMCID: PMC8685458 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.778239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Τhe ligninolytic enzyme laccase has proved its potential for environmental applications. However, there is no documented industrial application of free laccase due to low stability, poor reusability, and high costs. Immobilization has been considered as a powerful technique to enhance laccase's industrial potential. In this technology, appropriate support selection for laccase immobilization is a crucial step since the support could broadly affect the properties of the resulting catalyst system. Through the last decades, a large variety of inorganic, organic, and composite materials have been used in laccase immobilization. Among them, carbon-based materials have been explored as a support candidate for immobilization, due to their properties such as high porosity, high surface area, the existence of functional groups, and their highly aromatic structure. Carbon-based materials have also been used in culture media as supports, sources of nutrients, and inducers, for laccase production. This study aims to review the recent trends in laccase production, immobilization techniques, and essential support properties for enzyme immobilization. More specifically, this review analyzes and presents the significant benefits of carbon-based materials for their key role in laccase production and immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Adamian
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Linson Lonappan
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Komla Alokpa
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Cui L, Ippolito JA, Noerpel M, Scheckel KG, Yan J. Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil. Biochar 2021; 3:457-468. [PMID: 35059562 PMCID: PMC8764999 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-021-00106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochars, when applied to contaminated solutions or soils, may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients. This purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) biochar application (0, 5, and 15% by wt) to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch experiments. Following both experiments, solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15% to Cd containing solutions, Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances, Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%, and solution pH increased as compared to the 5% biochar application rate. Similar responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil, suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil solution. When significant, positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time, while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate, potentially toxic element sorption and pH. The latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below ~ 7. In support of this contention, the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides, sorption to (oxy)hydroxides, and organically bound to biochar as Zn species. As a multifunctional material, biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant nutrients. These findings suggest that biochar may be a 'win-win' for improving environmental quality in potentially toxic element contaminated agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - Matt Noerpel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Kirk G. Scheckel
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Land Remediation and Technology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Jinlong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China
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18
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Zhang H, Ke S, Xia M, Bi X, Shao J, Zhang S, Chen H. Effects of phosphorous precursors and speciation on reducing bioavailability of heavy metal in paddy soil by engineered biochars. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117459. [PMID: 34380211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium phosphate (AP), phosphoric acid (PC), and potassium phosphate (TKP) were used for the modification of biochar for enhanced heavy metal passivation in soil. The effect of various phosphorus (P) precursors on adsorption-related properties, P speciation distribution pattern, and the passivation mechanism was investigated by BET, FTIR, XRD, XPS, and 31P NMR analysis. The mobility and bio-availability of cadmium (Cd) were studied by extraction experiments, and the P release kinetics was also determined. Results showed that the immobilization efficiency of Cd (II) by biochars followed the order: TKP-BC > PC-BC > AP-BC > BC, and TKP-BC reduced available Cd content by 81% treated with 2% addition. The P speciation shows a significant effect on the P-enriched biochars' passivation performance, especially orthophosphate, which is essential for the immobilization of Cd2+ by forming phosphate precipitation. Pyrophosphate and orthophosphate monoester in AP-BC and PC-BC can promote Cd2+ passivation via the formation of P-Cd complexes or organometallic chelates. It is also shown that PC-BC has the lowest P release rate while TKP-BC has the highest percentage of P (15.50%) remaining in the biochar. The results may contribute to the development of modified biochar for soil remediation based on P-related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shujia Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingwei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaotao Bi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jingai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Haddad SA, Lemanowicz J. Benefits of Corn-Cob Biochar to the Microbial and Enzymatic Activity of Soybean Plants Grown in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals. Energies 2021; 14:5763. [DOI: 10.3390/en14185763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous effects of biochar on heavy metals stress, microbial activity and nodulation process in the soil are rarely addressed. This work studied the effects, under greenhouse conditions, of selected heavy metals Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ on soybean plants grown in two different soils amended with biochar, and studied their effect on the microbial and enzymatic activity. As a result of the interference between heavy metals and biochar, biochar overcame heavy metal problems and maintained a microbial population of major groups (bacteria–fungi). There was an increase in the degree of resistance (RS) of the major microbial groups to heavy metals when biochar was added to the soil under study. Numbers of bacterial nodules significantly increased, particularly by using the higher rate of biochar compared to the control, either by adding biochar alone or by mixing it with the selected heavy metals. The arginase activity was increased by 25.5% and 37.1% in clay and sandy soil, respectively, compared to the control. For urease (UR), the activity was increased by 105% and 83.8% in clay and sandy soil, respectively, compared to the control. As a result, considerations of using biochar as a soil amendment should be first priority.
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Shan A, Kang KJ, Xu H, Wu L, Lu M, Lin Q, Pan M, Wang G, He Z, Yang X. Cadmium accumulation in rice straws and derived biochars as affected by metal exposure, soil types and rice genotypes. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 24:600-609. [PMID: 34388062 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1959516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Straw residues, as one of the conservation farming practices, are being strongly encouraged in China, including some cadmium-polluted areas. Nowadays, a portion of this plant residue is promoted to be removed for reducing excess metal(loid) in the soil and to be used for bioenergy production. Nevertheless, the possible influences of contaminated straw or the burial of its derived biochars on Cd accumulation in soil and data based on health risk assessment associated with different status and extent of soil contamination were relatively unknown. Thus it is important to provide a more systematical understanding of contaminated straw burial at specific contamination zones, which may provide useful guidance for straw utilization. In this study, we harvested two genotypes of rice straw from 6 contaminated levels among three soil types to comprehensively study the total Cd contents in straws and its derived biochars and correlate the sets of straw characteristics and Cd contents in three different contamination zones. The total Cd concentration in straws grew at a steady rate relatively with increasing soil Cd contamination levels, compared to those in biochars which performed more fluctuate due to the strong burning. According to correlational analyses, three-way ANOVA showed that the moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon were all significantly affected by straw CdTotal contents (p < 0.001). Such relationships were attributed to guide straw removal portions for gasification. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between straw Cd concentration and soil types (p < 0.001), confirming that it might be worth determining soil remediation by straw removal according to site-specific farmland conditions. This work will help to assess efforts toward predicting Cd concentration in the paddy soils related to kinds of contamination status and would also give useful guidance to make sustainable management strategies for crop straws in polluted regions.Novelty statement This work provided data on how much rice straw is needed to remove to ensure the minimal amount to control soil contamination and reduce costs according to site-specific conditions and soil Cd contamination status. It also explains the correlations between straw characteristics related to bioenergy use and soil conditions which would give guidance to balance using crop straw for increased bioenergy production and the need to also protect, preserve, and enhance soil resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kyong Ju Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huozhong Xu
- Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy, Lishui, China
| | - Lintu Wu
- Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy, Lishui, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bilias F, Nikoli T, Kalderis D, Gasparatos D. Towards a Soil Remediation Strategy Using Biochar: Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Bioavailability of Potentially Toxic Elements. Toxics 2021; 9:184. [PMID: 34437502 PMCID: PMC8402515 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is considered one of the most severe environmental threats, while among remediation strategies, research on the application of soil amendments has received important consideration. This review highlights the effects of biochar application on soil properties and the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements describing research areas of intense current and emerging activity. Using a visual scientometric analysis, our study shows that between 2019 and 2020, research sub-fields like earthworm activities and responses, greenhouse gass emissions, and low molecular weight organic acids have gained most of the attention when biochar was investigated for soil remediation purposes. Moreover, biomasses like rice straw, sewage sludge, and sawdust were found to be the most commonly used feedstocks for biochar production. The effect of biochar on soil chemistry and different mechanisms responsible for PTEs' immobilization with biochar, are also briefly reported. Special attention is also given to specific PTEs most commonly found at contaminated soils, including Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As, and therefore are more extensively revised in this paper. This review also addresses some of the issues in developing innovative methodologies for engineered biochars, introduced alongside some suggestions which intend to form a more focused soil remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Bilias
- Soil Science Laboratory, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Thomai Nikoli
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Diagnostics, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, 73100 Chania, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece;
| | - Dionisios Gasparatos
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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22
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Geiger T, Norton U. Effects of Garden Amendments on Soil Available Lead and Plant Uptake in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil. Applied Sciences 2021; 11:5777. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Gardeners use organic and inorganic substances to enhance plant growth, which can inadvertently impact soil solubility and plant uptake of unknown contaminants. Consequently, human exposure can increase through gardening and consumption of produce grown in potentially contaminated soils. A greenhouse experiment was established to examine the effects of biochar, compost, and common inorganic fertilizer on soil lead (Pb) availability for radish (Raphanus sativus, L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) grown in a calcareous soil containing excessively high lead (Pb), along with Pb accumulation in radish tissue. Results indicate that soil amended with biochar and planted to radish saw an 18% reduction in available Pb and an 11% decrease in plant tissue content when compared to the control. Compost showed an 8% reduction in available Pb, but a 19% increase in tissue content. In contrast, soil with inorganic fertilizer planted to radish increased in both soil Pb availability by 11% and Pb tissue content by 40%. Adding water-soluble inorganic fertilizers to contaminated calcareous soils without added organic matter enhances soil Pb availability and often asymptomatic plant Pb bioaccumulation. In conclusion, gardeners are encouraged to test their soils for contamination and apply biochar in combination with compost, as this combination is recommended to improve soil health and aid in overcoming initial N deficiencies induced by biochar.
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Ducey TF, Novak JM, Sigua GC, Ippolito JA, Rushmiller HC, Watts DW, Trippe KM, Spokas KA, Stone KC, Johnson MG. Microbial response to designer biochar and compost treatments for mining impacted soils. Biochar 2021; 3:299-314. [PMID: 35128320 PMCID: PMC8815453 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-021-00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting operations. Sites that have undergone remediation - in which the O, A, and B horizons have been removed alongside the lead contamination - have an exposed C horizon and are incalcitrant to revegetation efforts. Soils also continue to contain quantifiable Cd and Zn concentrations. In order to improve soil conditions and encourage successful site revegetation, our study employed three biochars, sourced from different feedstocks (poultry litter, beef lot manure, and lodge pole pine), at two rates of application (2.5%, and 5%), coupled with compost (0%, 2.5% and 5% application rates). Two plant species - switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides) - were grown in the amended soils. Amendment of soils with poultry litter biochar applied at 5% resulted in the greatest reduction of soil bioavailable Cd and Zn. Above ground biomass yields were greatest with beef lot manure biochar applied at 2.5% with 5% compost, or with 5% biochar at 2.5% and 5% compost rates. Maximal microbial biomass was achieved with 5% poultry litter biochar and 5% compost, and microbial communities in soils amended with poultry litter biochar distinctly clustered away from all other soil treatments. Additionally, poultry litter biochar amended soils had the highest enzyme activity rates for β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and esterase. These results suggest that soil reclamation using biochar and compost can improve mine-impacted soil biogeophysical characteristics, and potentially improve future remediation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Ducey
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Novak
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - Gilbert C. Sigua
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | - Hannah C. Rushmiller
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - Donald W. Watts
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - Kristin M. Trippe
- National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Corvallis OR, USA
| | - Kurt A. Spokas
- Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, St. Paul MN, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Stone
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Agricultural Research Service-USDA, Florence SC, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis OR, USA
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Wu J, Huang R, Zhou Q, Lu H, Li F, Wu K, Li Z. Magnetic biochar reduces phosphorus uptake by Phragmites australis during heavy metal remediation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 758:143643. [PMID: 33246719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biochar has been widely used in the removal of aquatic pollutants due to its strong adsorption capacity and recyclability. However, the nutrient deficiency caused by magnetic biochar reduces plant performance and limits its use. The effects of magnetic biochar (derived from either eucalyptus wood or pig manure compost) on soil Cd, Zn, and Pb bioavailability to Phragmites australis L. (reed) and soil microbial community were investigated in a pot experiment. We also examined treatments of magnetic biochar with P supplementation and unmodified biochar with Fe addition to elucidate the mechanism by which magnetic biochar affects plant growth. We found that the addition of magnetic biochar significantly reduced the concentrations of available heavy metals in soil and inhibited heavy metal uptake by reeds. It also promoted the formation of iron plaque on reed roots to inhibit metal translocation. However, compared to unmodified biochar, magnetic biochar reduced reed performance, as indicated by the reduced plant biomass and photosynthetic ability, and it also reduced the biomass of soil bacteria and fungi. This was due to the interception of P by the iron plaque and the reduced concentration of soil available P. Collectively, although magnetic biochar exhibited a strong potential for heavy metal remediation, P supplementation is recommended to maintain plant performance and soil health when applying magnetic biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wu
- Tourism Development Research Center of Sichuan, School of Tourism, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Qingqiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huanping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; Guangdong Ecological Meteorology Center, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry & Biology and Environmental Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423043, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Kejun Wu
- Tourism Development Research Center of Sichuan, School of Tourism, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Zhian Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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Cui L, Li L, Bian R, Yan J, Quan G, Liu Y, Ippolito JA, Wang H. Short- and Long-Term Biochar Cadmium and Lead Immobilization Mechanisms. Environments 2020; 7:53. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7070053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of soil Cd and Pb alterations and distribution following biochar (BC; 0 to 40 t ha−1) amendments applied (in either 2009 [long-term] or in 2016 [short-term]) to a contaminated rice paddy soil, and subsequent plant Cd and Pb tissue distribution over time was investigated. Water-soluble Cd and Pb concentrations decreased by 6.7–76.0% (short-term) and 10.3–88.1% (long-term) with biochar application compared to the control. The soil exchangeable metal fractions (i.e., considered more available) decreased, and the residual metal fractions (i.e., considered less available) increased with short- and long-term biochar amendments, the latter likely a function of biochar increasing pH and forcing Cd and Pb to form crystal mineral lattice associations. Biochar application reduced Cd (16.1–84.1%) and Pb (4.1–40.0%) transfer from root to rice grain, with rice Cd and Pb concentrations lowered to nearly Chinese national food safety standards. Concomitantly, soil organic matter (SOM), pH and soil water content increased by 3.9–49.3%, 0.05–0.35 pH units, and 3.8–77.4%, respectively, with increasing biochar application rate. Following biochar applications, soil microbial diversity (Shannon index) also increased (0.8–46.2%) and soil enzymatic activities were enhanced. Biochar appears to play a pivotal role in forcing Cd and Pb sequestration in contaminated paddy soils, reducing heavy metal transfer to rice grain, and potentially leading to reduced heavy metal consumption by humans.
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Jain S, Khare P, Mishra D, Shanker K, Singh P, Singh RP, Das P, Yadav R, Saikia BK, Baruah BP. Biochar aided aromatic grass [Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats.] vegetation: A sustainable method for stabilization of highly acidic mine waste. J Hazard Mater 2020; 390:121799. [PMID: 31818656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dumping of acidic mine waste poses severe threats to the ecosystem due to high acidity, nutrient deficiency and mobility of toxic metals. The present study has been undertaken on phytoremediation by amending the acidic soil/mine waste with biochar (BC) and plantation of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Wats. A greenhouse experiment in different combinations of biochar and acidic mine waste was conducted to assess the phytoremediation efficiency of palmarosa by BC amendments. Results indicate that the palmarosa tolerates multiple stresses effectively with a 54 % metal tolerance index (MTI) and capable of reducing acid production from the acidic mine waste alone. BC incorporation in the mine waste and soil treatments significantly enhanced the palmarosa biomass (1.11-3.3 times) and oil content by liming the acid, immobilization of metals and improving the soil quality. BC addition in highly acidic mine waste amplified the phytoremediation efficiency and mitigates abiotic oxidative stress on plants (MTI 84 % to >100 %). BC aided palmarosa plantation shifted the soil from high-risk assessment code (RAC) to low RAC for vegetation. Biochar amendments along with palmarosa plantation offer a sustainable technology for phytostabilization of highly acidic mine waste along with the production of industrially important essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jain
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Puja Khare
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Disha Mishra
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Priyambada Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Raghavendra Pratap Singh
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Paurabi Das
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ranu Yadav
- Agronomy and Soil Science Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Polymer Petroleum & Coal Chemistry Group (MSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - B P Baruah
- Polymer Petroleum & Coal Chemistry Group (MSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
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Zhang W, Du W, Wang F, Xu H, Zhao T, Zhang H, Ding Y, Zhu W. Comparative study on Pb 2+ removal from aqueous solutions using biochars derived from cow manure and its vermicompost. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:137108. [PMID: 32059306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste emissions have increased the amount of water and soil contaminated with heavy metals such as Pb. To broaden the methods for the recycling and environmental usage of cow manure (CM) and its vermicompost (CV), CM, CV, and their derived biochars produced by the pyrolysis of CM or CV at 350 and 700 °C were used as adsorbents for Pb2+ removal in this batch adsorption experiment to reveal their different Pb2+ removal efficiencies and the underlying mechanisms. The batch experiment results revealed that all adsorbents rapidly removed Pb2+ within 30 min. A pH between 2.0 and 6.0 positively affected Pb2+ removal by CM and its biochar, whereas that by CV and its biochar was only positively affected by pH between 2.0 and 3.0. CV-derived biochar was more effective in the removal of Pb2+ than the other absorbents, with the maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) fitted from the Langmuir model reaching approximately 230.0 mg·g-1 and the desorption rate (DR) being approximately 0.00-0.02%. Material physiochemical characterization, including X-ray diffraction analysis, showed that high pH, high ash content, rich mineral content, and high mineral contents might have been the main reasons for more effective removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by CV-derived biochar. Fourier-transform infrared analysis indicated that surface functional groups such as -OH, CO, -COO-, and C-O; original and newly produced carbonate; and phosphate in CV also led to more effective Pb2+ removal efficiency from aqueous solution via surface functional group binding. Thus, pyrolyzing CVs may be used to produce biochar as a cost-effective adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in soil and water in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Wenhui Du
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Tonghe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Weiqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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28
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Jing F, Chen C, Chen X, Liu W, Wen X, Hu S, Yang Z, Guo B, Xu Y, Yu Q. Effects of wheat straw derived biochar on cadmium availability in a paddy soil and its accumulation in rice. Environ Pollut 2020; 257:113592. [PMID: 31761591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on cadmium (Cd) availability in a paddy soil with biochar amendment and its effect on the accumulation in rice. Biochar was applied once at rates of 0 (A0), 10 (A10), 20 (A20), 30 (A30), and 40 (A40) t ha-1 on the soil surface layer (0-17 cm). Results showed that the soil organic matter (SOM) content and pH in 0-17 cm soil layer increased as biochar application rate increased, whereas the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al) in diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracts declined with biochar added. Available Cd in DTPA extracts in the 0-17 and 17-29 cm soil layer of A40 treatments was significantly lower (p < 0.05) by 49.4 and 51.7% than that in A0. Compared with A0, the distribution factor (DF) of DTPA extracted Cd in the 0.053-0.25 mm and <0.053 mm aggregates of A40 treatments increased by 136 and 269%, respectively, and the DF values in these micro-aggregates of A40 treatments were greater than 1.0. Based on European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction results, 40 t ha-1 rate of applied biochar reduced the proportion of acid extractable Cd fractions in both 0-17 and 17-29 cm soil layers, but increased the Cd in the oxidizable and residual fractions. The Cd concentration in the rice plants of different biochar treatments was in the order of A0>A10 > A20 > A30 > A40. DTPA extractable Cd concentration in soil was the key factor affecting the Cd uptake by rice roots. In conclusion, biochar application at 40 t ha-1 can effectively reduce the availability of Cd in soil profile, enhance the available Cd enrichment in micro-aggregates, and thus limit the Cd uptake by rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jing
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shimin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bilin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qingxin Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Allevato E, Stazi SR, Marabottini R, D'Annibale A. Mechanisms of arsenic assimilation by plants and countermeasures to attenuate its accumulation in crops other than rice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 185:109701. [PMID: 31562999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid in the biosphere, and its origin can be either geogenic or anthropic. Four oxidation states (-3, 0, +3 and + 5) characterize organic and inorganic As- compounds. Although arsenic is reportedly a toxicant, its harmful effects are closely related to its chemical form: inorganic compounds are most toxic, followed by organic ones and finally by arsine gas. Although drinking water is the primary source of arsenic exposure to humans, the metalloid enters the food chain through its uptake by crops, the extent of which is tightly dependent on its phytoavailability. Arsenate is taken up by roots via phosphate carriers, while arsenite is taken up by a subclass of aquaporins (NIP), some of which involved in silicon (Si) transport. NIP and Si transporters are also involved in the uptake of methylated forms of As. Once taken up, its distribution is regulated by the same type of transporters albeit with mobility efficiencies depending on As forms and its accumulation generally occurs in the following decreasing order: roots > stems > leaves > fruits (seeds). Besides providing a survey on the uptake and transport mechanisms in higher plants, this review reports on measures able to reducing plant uptake and the ensuing transfer into edible parts. On the one hand, these measures include a variety of plant-based approaches including breeding, genetic engineering of transport systems, graft/rootstock combinations, and mycorrhization. On the other hand, they include agronomic practices with a particular focus on the use of inorganic and organic amendments, treatment of irrigation water, and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Allevato
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Stazi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy.
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF) Università Degli Studi Della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc I, 1100 Viterbo Italy
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Novak JM, Sigua GC, Ducey TF, Watts DW, Stone KC. Designer Biochars Impact on Corn Grain Yields, Biomass Production, and Fertility Properties of a Highly-Weathered Ultisol. Environments 2019; 6:64. [DOI: 10.3390/environments6060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are mixed reports for biochars’ ability to increase corn grain and biomass yields. The objectives of this experiment were to conduct a three-year corn (Zea mays L.) grain and biomass production evaluation to determine soil fertility characteristics after designer biochars were applied to a highly weathered Ultisol. The amendments, which consisted of biochars and compost, were produced from 100% pine chips (PC); 100% poultry litter (PL); PC:PL 2:1 blend; PC mixed 2:1 with raw switchgrass (Panicum virgatum; rSG) compost; and 100% rSG compost. All treatments were applied at 30,000 kg/ha to a Goldsboro loam sandy (Fine-loamy, siliceous, sub-active, thermic Aquic Paleudult). Annual topsoil samples were collected in 5-cm depth increments (0 to 15-cm deep) and pH was measured along with Mehlich 1 phosphorus (M1 P) and potassium (M1 K) contents. After three years of corn production, there was no significant improvement in the annual mean corn grain or biomass yields. Biochar, which was applied from PL and PC:PL 2:1 blend, significantly increased M1 P and M1 K concentrations down to 10-cm deep, while the other biochar and compost treatments showed mixed results when the soil pH was modified. Our results demonstrated that designer biochar additions did not accompany higher corn grain and biomass productivity.
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Cui L, Noerpel MR, Scheckel KG, Ippolito JA. Wheat straw biochar reduces environmental cadmium bioavailability. Environ Int 2019; 126:69-75. [PMID: 30779992 PMCID: PMC6487192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium contamination in waters and soils can lead to food chain accumulation and ultimately deterioration in human health; means for reducing bioavailable Cd are desperately required, and biochars may play a role. Long-term (240 d) lab incubation experiments were utilized to explain wheat straw-derived biochar effects on Cd sorption and decreasing Cd bioavailability in soils and solutions (0, 5, and 15% biochar as wt:wt or wt:vol, respectively), and to identify Cd forms present using both the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) chemical sequential extraction procedure and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Biochar Cd removal was up to ~90% from Cd-containing solutions and contaminated soil as compared to the control. Based on the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with XAS, biochar application promoted the formation of (oxy)hydroxide, carbonate, and organically bound Cd phases. As a material, biochar may be promoted as a tool for reducing and removing bioavailable Cd from contaminated waters and soils. Thus, biochar may play a role in reducing Cd bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and improving environmental quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun Road, Yancheng 224003, China; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1170, USA
| | - Matt R Noerpel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Land and Materials Management Division, 5995 Center Hill Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45224-1701, USA
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1170, USA.
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Novak JM, Ippolito JA, Watts DW, Sigua GC, Ducey TF, Johnson MG. Biochar compost blends facilitate switchgrass growth in mine soils by reducing Cd and Zn bioavailability. Biochar 2019; 1:97-114. [PMID: 35321098 PMCID: PMC8939468 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-019-00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have the potential to reclaim mine-impacted soils; however, their variable physico-chemical properties incite speculation about their successful remediation performance. This investigation examined the capability of biochars produced from three different feedstocks along with a compost blend to improve switchgrass growth conditions in a mine-impacted soil by examining influences on soil pH, grass metal contents, and soil-extractable metal concentrations. Cadmium (Cd)- and zinc (Zn)-contaminated mine soil was collected from a site near Webb City, Missouri, USA-a location within the Tri-State Mining District. In a full factorial design, soil was treated with a 0%, 2.5%, and 5% (w/w) compost mixture (wood chips + beef cattle manure), and 0%, 2.5% and 5% of each biochar pyrolyzed from beef cattle manure, poultry litter, and lodgepole pine feedstocks. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, 'Cave-In-Rock' variety) was grown in a greenhouse for 50 days and the mass of shoots (above-ground biomass) and roots was assessed, while soil pH, deionized H2O- and 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations were measured. Poultry litter biochar and compost had the greatest ability to raise soil pH (from 4.40 to 6.61), beef cattle manure biochar and compost moderately raised pH (from 4.4 to 5.92), and lodgepole pine biochar and compost weakly raised pH (from 4.40 to 5.05). Soils treated with beef cattle manure biochar, poultry litter biochar significantly reduced deionized H2O- and 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable Cd and Zn concentrations, while lodgepole pine biochar-treated soils showed mixed results. Switchgrass shoot and root masses were greatest in soil treated with compost in combination with either beef cattle manure biochar or poultry litter biochar. Soils treated with 5% beef cattle manure biochar + 5% compost had greater reductions in total Cd and Zn concentrations measured in switchgrass shoots and roots compared to the other two treatments. The three biochars and compost mixtures applied to heavy metal, mine-impacted soil had considerable performance dissimilarities for improving switchgrass productivity. Switchgrass growth was noticeably improved after treatment with the compost in combination with biochar from beef cattle manure or poultry litter. This may be explained by the increased soil pH that promoted Zn and Cd precipitation and organic functional groups that reduced soil-available heavy metal concentrations. Our results imply that creating designer biochars is an important management component in developing successful mine-site phytostabilization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Novak
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - James A. Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Donald W. Watts
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Gilbert C. Sigua
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Thomas F. Ducey
- Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Florence, SC 29501, USA
| | - Mark G. Johnson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Howells AP, Lewis SJ, Beard DB, Oliver IW. Water treatment residuals as soil amendments: Examining element extractability, soil porewater concentrations and effects on earthworm behaviour and survival. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:334-340. [PMID: 30005406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), the by-product of water clarification processes, are routinely disposed of via landfill however there is a growing body of research that demonstrates the material has great potential for beneficial use in environmental applications. Application to agricultural land is one option showing great promise (i.e. a low cost disposal route that provides organic matter input to soils and other potential benefits), however questions remain as to the impact such applications may have on earthworm survival and behaviour and also on the potential effects it may have on soil porewater chemistry. This study examined the leachability of elements within two types of WTRs (one Al- and one Fe- based) from England via 0.001 M CaCl2 solution, at varying pH, and via the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction scheme. Earthworm avoidance, survival, growth, reproduction and element concentrations were examined in WTR-amended sandy soils (0%, 5%, 10%, 20% w/w), while soil porewaters were also recovered from experimental units and examined for element concentrations. The results revealed leachable element concentrations to be very low in both types of WTRs tested and so element leaching from these WTRs would be unlikely to pose any threat to ecosystems under typical agricultural soil conditions. However, when the pH was lowered to 4.4 there was a substantial release of Al from the Al-WTRs (382 mg/kg). Soil porewater element concentrations were influenced to some degree by WTR addition, warranting further examination in terms of any potential implications for nutrient supply or limitation. Earthworm avoidance of WTR-amended soil was only observed for Al-WTRs and only at the maximum applied rate (20% w/w), while survival of earthworms was not affected by either WTR type at any application rate. Earthworm growth and reproduction (cocoon production) were not affected at a statistically significant level but this needs further examination over a longer period of exposure. Increased assimilation of Al and Fe into earthworm tissues was observed at some WTR application rates (maximum fresh weight concentrations of 42 mg/kg for Al and 167 mg/kg for Fe), but these were not at levels likely to pose environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Howells
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Lewis
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan B Beard
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.
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Novak JM, Ippolito JA, Ducey TF, Watts DW, Spokas KA, Trippe KM, Sigua GC, Johnson MG. Remediation of an acidic mine spoil: Miscanthus biochar and lime amendment affects metal availability, plant growth, and soil enzyme activity. Chemosphere 2018; 205:709-718. [PMID: 29729625 PMCID: PMC7904245 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biochar may be a tool for mine spoil remediation; however, its mechanisms for achieving this goal remain unclear. In this study, Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) biochar was evaluated for its ability to reclaim acidic mine spoils (pH < 3) through reducing metal availability, improving soil microbial enzymatic activity, and initial growth of grass seedlings. Biochar was applied at 0, 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) along with lime/no lime and fertilizer additions. Blue Wildrye (Elymus glaucus cv. 'Elkton') was planted and later the shoots and roots were collected and metal concentrations determined. Afterwards, each pot was leached with deionized water, and the leachate analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble metal concentrations. After drying, the spoil was extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2 and Mehlich 3 (M3) to determine extractable Al, Cu, and Zn concentrations. Additionally, microbial activity was measured using a fluorescent β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase assay. Spoil treated with lime and biochar had significantly greater pH and EC values. Significantly greater β-glucosidase activity occurred only in the 5% biochar plus lime treatment, while N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activities were not altered. Metal concentrations in rye shoot and roots were mixed. Lime additions significantly reduced extractable metal concentrations. Increasing biochar rates alone significantly reduced leachate DOC concentrations, and subsequently reduced leachable metal concentrations. Surprisingly, miscanthus biochar, by itself, was limited at mitigation, but when combined with lime, the combination was capable of further reducing extractable metal concentrations and improving β-glucosidase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Novak
- Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, Italy.
| | - James A Ippolito
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, C006 Plant Sciences Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Thomas F Ducey
- Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, Italy
| | - Donald W Watts
- Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, Italy
| | - Kurt A Spokas
- Soil and Water Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1991 Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6030, USA
| | - Kristin M Trippe
- National Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gilbert C Sigua
- Coastal Plain Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, Italy
| | - Mark G Johnson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, USEPA, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Kosolsaksakul P, Oliver IW, Graham MC. Evaluating cadmium bioavailability in contaminated rice paddy soils and assessing potential for contaminant immobilisation with biochar. J Environ Manage 2018; 215:49-56. [PMID: 29554627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils from the Mae Sot district in northwest Thailand, a region in which rice Cd concentrations often exceed health limits (0.4 mg/kg) set by the World Health Organisation, were examined for isotopically exchangeable Cd (Cd E values using a 111Cd spike) to determine how this rates as a predictor of rice grain Cd in comparison with soil total Cd and solution extractable Cd (using the commonly applied BCR scheme and, in an attempt to distinguish carbonate bound forms, the Tessier soil sequential extraction scheme reagents). Step 1 of the BCR scheme (0.11 M CH3COOH) and step 1 of the Tessier scheme (1M MgCl2) showed the highest R2 values in regressions with rice Cd (91% and 90%, respectively), but all predictors were strongly linked to rice Cd (p < 0.001) and could be used for prediction purposes. One soil, of the six tested, was an exception to this, where all predictors over-estimated grain Cd by a factor of 2.5-5.7, suggesting that rice grain Cd had been restricted here by the differing flooding regime and subsequent changes to redox conditions. E values and Tessier step 1 extractions were closely related, indicating that these measurements access similar pools of soil Cd. Separately, the isotopic exchangeability (representing bioavailability) of Cd was also assessed in two soils amended with rice husk and miscanthus biochars (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w) in order to assess the utility of the biochars as a soil amendment for immobilising Cd in situ. One soil showed significant reductions in Cd E value at 5% rice husk biochar addition and at 15% miscanthus biochar addition however, based on the E value-rice grain Cd regression relationship previously established, the E values in the amended soils still predicted for a rice Cd concentration above the health limit. In the second soil, neither of the biochars successfully reduced the Cd E value. This indicates that further work is needed to customise biochar properties to suit specific soil and contaminant situations if they are to be used successfully for remediation of metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerapat Kosolsaksakul
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG UK.
| | - Margaret C Graham
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN UK
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Wang C, Alidoust D, Yang X, Isoda A. Effects of bamboo biochar on soybean root nodulation in multi-elements contaminated soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 150:62-69. [PMID: 29268116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in plant physiological performance by means of biochar application in soils contaminated by multi-elements are determinants of agroecosystem functioning. This study analyzed the effects of bamboo-derived biochar on root nodulation and plant growth in a moderately acidic Andosol (pH = 5.56) contaminated with multi-elements during a 70-day investigation of soybean growth. Bamboo biochar that had been pyrolyzed at a temperature below 500°C was applied to soils at three different and moderately high rates (5%, 10%, and 15%, w/w). Biochar amendment beyond 5% stimulated root nodulation as well as soybean growth. The nodule weight per root system was significantly enhanced by 186% and 243% over the control at the 10% and 15% addition rates, respectively. The primary explanation for these stimulatory effects was attributed to an increase in the K and Mo supplies for plant uptake that was induced by the biochar application, whereas the increased availability of P contributed to a lesser extent. Leaf CO2 assimilation rate was slightly enhanced at the highest application rate, but this enhancement was not associated with an increase in biomass. The incorporation of biochar into the soil reduced extractable-NH4NO3 Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn, but not Pb, regardless of the application dose. This change was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) suppression of the uptake od trace elements in soybean shoots at the optimum application rate (10%); the degree of reduction followed this order: Pb>Mn>Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni. The increase in soil pH and the diffusion/adsorption of trace elements onto the biochar may have contributed to the lowering of the concentration of trace elements in the soil as well as in soybean shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Darioush Alidoust
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Horticulture, Division of Bioresource Science, Laboratory of Crop Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Japan.
| | - Xueling Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Akihiro Isoda
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Division of Bioresource Science, Laboratory of Crop Science, Chiba University, Matsudo 648, Japan
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Strawn DG. Review of interactions between phosphorus and arsenic in soils from four case studies. Geochem Trans 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 29611006 PMCID: PMC5880798 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-018-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a non-essential element that poses risks in many environments, including soil, groundwater, and surface water. Insights into the environmental biogeochemistry of As can be gained by comparing As and P reaction processes. Arsenic and P are chemical analogues, and it is proposed that they have similar chemical behaviors in environmental systems. However some chemical properties of As and P are distinct, such as redox reactions, causing the biogeochemical behavior of the two elements to differ. In the environment, As occurs as either As(V) or As(III) oxyanions (e.g., AsO43- or AsO33-). In contrast, P occurs predominantly as oxidation state five plus; most commonly as the orthophosphate ion (PO43-). In this paper, data from four published case studies are presented with a focus on P and As distribution and speciation in soil. The goal is show how analyzing P chemistry in soils can provide greater insights into As reaction processes in soils. The case studies discussed include: (1) soil developed from shale parent material, (2) mine-waste impacted wetland soils, (3) phosphate-amended contaminated soil, and (4) plants grown in biochar-amended, mine-contaminated soil. Data show that while P and As have competitive reactions in soils, in most natural systems they have distinct biogeochemical processes that create differing mobility and bioavailability. These processes include redox reactions and rhizosphere processes that affect As bioavailability. Results from these case studies are used as examples to illustrate how studying P and As together allows for enhanced interpretation of As biogeochemical processes in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Strawn
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2340, USA.
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