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Melkani Y, Pant A, Guo Y, Melkani GC. Automated assessment of cardiac dynamics in aging and dilated cardiomyopathy Drosophila models using machine learning. Commun Biol 2024; 7:702. [PMID: 38849449 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila model is pivotal in deciphering the pathophysiological underpinnings of various human ailments, notably aging and cardiovascular diseases. Cutting-edge imaging techniques and physiology yield vast high-resolution videos, demanding advanced analysis methods. Our platform leverages deep learning to segment optical microscopy images of Drosophila hearts, enabling the quantification of cardiac parameters in aging and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Validation using experimental datasets confirms the efficacy of our aging model. We employ two innovative approaches deep-learning video classification and machine-learning based on cardiac parameters to predict fly aging, achieving accuracies of 83.3% (AUC 0.90) and 79.1%, (AUC 0.87) respectively. Moreover, we extend our deep-learning methodology to assess cardiac dysfunction associated with the knock-down of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), revealing its potential in studying DCM. This versatile approach promises accelerated cardiac assays for modeling various human diseases in Drosophila and holds promise for application in animal and human cardiac physiology under diverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Engineering Physics Department, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aniket Pant
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Guo Y, Abou Daya F, Le HD, Panda S, Melkani GC. Diurnal expression of Dgat2 induced by time-restricted feeding maintains cardiac health in the Drosophila model of circadian disruption. Aging Cell 2024:e14169. [PMID: 38616316 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders and cardiac diseases. Time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/TRE), restricting food intake within a consistent window of the day, has shown improvements in heart function from flies and mice to humans. However, whether and how TRF still conveys cardiac benefits in the context of circadian disruption remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TRF sustains cardiac performance, myofibrillar organization, and regulates cardiac lipid accumulation in Drosophila when the circadian rhythm is disrupted by constant light. TRF induces oscillations in the expression of genes associated with triglyceride metabolism. In particular, TRF induces diurnal expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (Dgat2), peaking during the feeding period. Heart-specific manipulation of Dgat2 modulates cardiac function and lipid droplet accumulation. Strikingly, heart-specific overexpression of human Dgat2 at ZT 0-10 significantly improves cardiac performance in flies exposed to constant light. We have demonstrated that TRF effectively attenuates cardiac decline induced by circadian disruption. Moreover, our data suggests that diurnal expression of Dgat2 induced by TRF is beneficial for heart health under circadian disruption. Overall, our findings have underscored the relevance of TRF in preserving heart health under circadian disruptions and provided potential targets, such as Dgat2, and strategies for therapeutic interventions in mitigating cardiac aging, metabolic disorders, and cardiac diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Guo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Farah Abou Daya
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hiep Dinh Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Girish C Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Ping X, Li Q, Ding M, Wang X, Tang C, Yu Z, Yi Q, He Y, Zheng L. Effects of hypoxic compound exercise to promote HIF-1α expression on cardiac pumping function, sleep activity behavior, and exercise capacity in Drosophila. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23499. [PMID: 38430222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Alteration of HIF-1α expression levels under hypoxic conditions affects the sequence of its downstream target genes thereby producing different effects. In order to investigate whether the effect of hypoxic compound exercise (HE) on HIF-1α expression alters cardiac pumping function, myocardial structure, and exercise capacity, we developed a suitable model of hypoxic exercise using Drosophila, a model organism, and additionally investigated the effect of hypoxic compound exercise on nocturnal sleep and activity behavior. The results showed that hypoxic compound exercise at 6% oxygen concentration for five consecutive days, lasting 1 h per day, significantly improved the cardiac stress resistance of Drosophila. The hypoxic complex exercise promoted the whole-body HIF-1α expression in Drosophila, and improved the jumping ability, climbing ability, moving speed, and moving distance. The expression of HIF-1α in the heart was increased after hypoxic exercise, which made a closer arrangement of myofilaments, an increase in the diameter of cardiac tubules, and an increase in the pumping function of the heart. The hypoxic compound exercise improved the sleep quality of Drosophila by increasing its nocturnal sleep time, the number of deep sleeps, and decreasing its nocturnal awakenings and activities. Therefore, we conclude that hypoxic compound exercise promoted the expression of HIF-1α to enhance the exercise capacity and heart pumping function of Drosophila, and improved the quality of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yupeng He
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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4
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Peng T, Ding M, Yan H, Zhang P, Tian R, Guo Y, Zheng L. Endurance exercise upregulates mtp expression in aged Drosophila to ameliorate age-related diastolic dysfunction and extend lifespan. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15929. [PMID: 38307709 PMCID: PMC10837045 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a major cardiac dysfunction, and an important predisposing factor is age. Although exercise training is often used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease nowadays, little is currently known about whether exercise interventions associated with the slowing of cardiac aging are related to mtp-related pathways. In the present study, the UAS/Tub-Gal4 system was used to knockdown whole-body mtp expression levels in Drosophila, which underwent 2 weeks of endurance training. By conducting different assays and quantifying different indicators, we sought to investigate the relationship between mtp, exercise, and age-related diastolic dysfunction. We found that (1) Drosophila in the mtpRNAi youth group exhibited age-related diastolic dysfunction and had a significantly shorter mean lifespan. (2) Endurance exercise could improve diastolic dysfunction and prolong lifespan in aged Drosophila. (3) Endurance exercise could increase the expression levels of apolpp and Acox3, and decrease the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG in the aged group. In summary, aging causes age-associated diastolic dysfunction in Drosophila, and systemic knockdown of mtp causes premature age-associated diastolic dysfunction in young Drosophila. Besides, endurance exercise improves age-related diastolic dysfunction and prolongs lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hanhui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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5
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Bileckyj C, Blotz B, Cripps RM. Drosophila as a Model to Understand Second Heart Field Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:494. [PMID: 38132661 PMCID: PMC10744189 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic model system Drosophila has contributed fundamentally to our understanding of mammalian heart specification, development, and congenital heart disease. The relatively simple Drosophila heart is a linear muscular tube that is specified and develops in the embryo and persists throughout the life of the animal. It functions at all stages to circulate hemolymph within the open circulatory system of the body. During Drosophila metamorphosis, the cardiac tube is remodeled, and a new layer of muscle fibers spreads over the ventral surface of the heart to form the ventral longitudinal muscles. The formation of these fibers depends critically upon genes known to be necessary for mammalian second heart field (SHF) formation. Here, we review the prior contributions of the Drosophila system to the understanding of heart development and disease, discuss the importance of the SHF to mammalian heart development and disease, and then discuss how the ventral longitudinal adult cardiac muscles can serve as a novel model for understanding SHF development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard M. Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Fishman M, Matt A, Wang F, Gracheva E, Zhu J, Ouyang X, Komarov A, Wang Y, Liang H, Zhou C. A Drosophila heart optical coherence microscopy dataset for automatic video segmentation. Sci Data 2023; 10:886. [PMID: 38071220 PMCID: PMC10710430 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a particularly suitable model for cardiac studies. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) captures in vivo cross-sectional videos of the beating Drosophila heart for cardiac function quantification. To analyze those large-size multi-frame OCM recordings, human labelling has been employed, leading to low efficiency and poor reproducibility. Here, we introduce a robust and accurate automated Drosophila heart segmentation algorithm, called FlyNet 2.0+, which utilizes a long short-term memory (LSTM) convolutional neural network to leverage time series information in the videos, ensuring consistent, high-quality segmentation. We present a dataset of 213 Drosophila heart videos, equivalent to 604,000 cross-sectional images, containing all developmental stages and a wide range of beating patterns, including faster and slower than normal beating, arrhythmic beating, and periods of heart stop to capture these heart dynamics. Each video contains a corresponding ground truth mask. We expect this unique large dataset of the beating Drosophila heart in vivo will enable new deep learning approaches to efficiently characterize heart function to advance cardiac research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fishman
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Abigail Matt
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Elena Gracheva
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jiantao Zhu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xiangping Ouyang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Andrey Komarov
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Tang C, Li Q, Wang X, Yu Z, Ping X, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zheng L. Cardiac Timeless Trans-Organically Regulated by miR-276 in Adipose Tissue Modulates Cardiac Function. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad064. [PMID: 38058384 PMCID: PMC10696634 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconnection between cardiac function and circadian rhythms is of great importance. While the role of the biological clock gene Timeless (Tim) in circadian rhythm has been extensively studied, its impact on cardiac function remains largely been unexplored. Previous research has provided experimental evidence for the regulation of the heart by adipose tissue and the targeting of miR-276a/b on Timeless. However, the extent to which adipose tissue regulates cardiac Timeless genes trans-organically through miR-276a/b, and subsequently affects cardiac function, remains uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential trans-organ modulation of the Timeless gene in the heart by adipose tissue through miR-276a/b. We found that cardiac-specific Timeless knockdown and overexpression resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and a significant decrease in Heart period (HP), diastolic intervals (DI), systolic intervals (SI), diastolic diameter (DD), and systolic diameter (SD). miR-276b systemic knockdown resulted in a significant increase in DI, arrhythmia index (AI), and fractional shortening (FS) significantly increased and SI, DD and SD significantly decreased. Adipose tissue-specific miR-276a/b knockdown and miR-276a overexpression resulted in a significant increase in HR and a significant decrease in DI and SI, which were improved by exercise intervention. This study presents a novel finding that highlights the significance of the heart circadian clock gene Timeless in heart function. Additionally, it demonstrates that adipose tissue exerts trans-organ modulation on the expression of the heart Timeless gene via miR-276a/b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - yi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
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Mirzoyan Z, Valenza A, Zola S, Bonfanti C, Arnaboldi L, Ferrari N, Pollard J, Lupi V, Cassinelli M, Frattaroli M, Sahin M, Pasini ME, Bellosta P. A Drosophila model targets Eiger/TNFα to alleviate obesity-related insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050388. [PMID: 37828911 PMCID: PMC10651092 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation (ATM), characterized by macrophage infiltration into adipose cells. This study presents a new Drosophila model to investigate the mechanisms underlying these obesity-related pathologies. We employed genetic manipulation to reduce ecdysone levels to prolong the larval stage. These animals are hyperphagic and exhibit features resembling obesity in mammals, including increased lipid storage, adipocyte hypertrophy and high circulating glucose levels. Moreover, we observed significant infiltration of immune cells (hemocytes) into the fat bodies, accompanied by insulin resistance. We found that attenuation of Eiger/TNFα signaling reduced ATM and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, using metformin and the antioxidants anthocyanins, we ameliorated both phenotypes. Our data highlight evolutionarily conserved mechanisms allowing the development of Drosophila models for discovering therapeutic pathways in adipose tissue immune cell infiltration and insulin resistance. Our model can also provide a platform to perform genetic screens or test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sheri Zola
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Carola Bonfanti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicholas Ferrari
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - John Pollard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Lupi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mehtap Sahin
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Ankara, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 10016 New York, USA
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Yan H, Ding M, Peng T, Zhang P, Tian R, Zheng L. Regular Exercise Modulates the dfoxo/ dsrebp Pathway to Alleviate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Cardiac Dysfunction in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15562. [PMID: 37958546 PMCID: PMC10650635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. While exercise is recognized as an effective approach for preventing and treating obesity, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of regular exercise on high-fat-diet-induced obesity and cardiac dysfunction in Drosophila, shedding light on its molecular mechanisms by identifying its regulation of the dfoxo and dsrebp signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrated that a high-fat diet leads to weight gain, fat accumulation, reduced climbing performance, and elevated triglyceride levels in Drosophila. Additionally, cardiac microfilaments in these flies exhibited irregularities, breakages, and shortening. M-mode analysis revealed that high-fat-diet-fed Drosophila displayed increased heart rates, shortened cardiac cycles, decreased systolic intervals, heightened arrhythmia indices, reduced diastolic diameters, and diminished fractional shortening. Remarkably, regular exercise effectively ameliorated these adverse outcomes. Further analysis showed that regular exercise reduced fat synthesis, promoted lipolysis, and mitigated high-fat-diet-induced cardiac dysfunction in Drosophila. These results suggest that regular exercise may mitigate high-fat-diet-induced obesity and cardiac dysfunction in Drosophila by regulating the dfoxo and dsrebp signaling pathways, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on obesity and cardiac dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China; (H.Y.); (M.D.); (T.P.); (P.Z.); (R.T.)
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10
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Dondi C, Vogler G, Gupta A, Walls SM, Kervadec A, Romero MR, Diop SB, Goode J, Thomas JB, Colas AR, Bodmer R, Montminy M, Ocorr K. The nutrient sensor CRTC & Sarcalumenin / Thinman represent a new pathway in cardiac hypertrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560407. [PMID: 37873259 PMCID: PMC10592890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are at epidemic levels and a significant proportion of these patients are diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy. CREB R egulated T ranscription C o-activator ( CRTC ) is a key regulator of metabolism in mammalian hepatocytes, where it is activated by calcineurin (CaN) to increase expression of gluconeogenic genes. CaN is known its role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, however, a role for CRTC in the heart has not been identified. In Drosophila , CRTC null mutants have little body fat and exhibit severe cardiac restriction, myofibrillar disorganization, cardiac fibrosis and tachycardia, all hallmarks of heart disease. Cardiac-specific knockdown of CRTC , or its coactivator CREBb , mimicked the reduced body fat and heart defects of CRTC null mutants. Comparative gene expression in CRTC loss- or gain-of-function fly hearts revealed contra-regulation of genes involved in glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, suggesting that CRTC also acts as a metabolic switch in the heart. Among the contra-regulated genes with conserved CREB binding sites, we identified the fly ortholog of Sarcalumenin, which is a Ca 2+ -binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cardiac knockdown recapitulated the loss of CRTC cardiac restriction and fibrotic phenotypes, suggesting it is a downstream effector of CRTC we named thinman ( tmn ). Importantly, cardiac overexpression of either CaN or CRTC in flies caused hypertrophy that was reversed in a CRTC mutant background, suggesting CRTC mediates hypertrophy downstream of CaN, perhaps as an alternative to NFAT. CRTC novel role in the heart is likely conserved in vertebrates as knockdown in zebrafish also caused cardiac restriction, as in fl ies. These data suggest that CRTC is involved in myocardial cell maintenance and that CaN-CRTC- Sarcalumenin/ tmn signaling represents a novel and conserved pathway underlying cardiac hypertrophy.
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Kervadec A, Kezos J, Ni H, Yu M, Marchant J, Spiering S, Kannan S, Kwon C, Andersen P, Bodmer R, Grandi E, Ocorr K, Colas AR. Multiplatform modeling of atrial fibrillation identifies phospholamban as a central regulator of cardiac rhythm. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049962. [PMID: 37293707 PMCID: PMC10387351 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common and genetically inheritable form of cardiac arrhythmia; however, it is currently not known how these genetic predispositions contribute to the initiation and/or maintenance of AF-associated phenotypes. One major barrier to progress is the lack of experimental systems to investigate the effects of gene function on rhythm parameters in models with human atrial and whole-organ relevance. Here, we assembled a multi-model platform enabling high-throughput characterization of the effects of gene function on action potential duration and rhythm parameters using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes and a Drosophila heart model, and validation of the findings using computational models of human adult atrial myocytes and tissue. As proof of concept, we screened 20 AF-associated genes and identified phospholamban loss of function as a top conserved hit that shortens action potential duration and increases the incidence of arrhythmia phenotypes upon stress. Mechanistically, our study reveals that phospholamban regulates rhythm homeostasis by functionally interacting with L-type Ca2+ channels and NCX. In summary, our study illustrates how a multi-model system approach paves the way for the discovery and molecular delineation of gene regulatory networks controlling atrial rhythm with application to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Kervadec
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James Kezos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael Yu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James Marchant
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Suraj Kannan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Rolf Bodmer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Karen Ocorr
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Sloutskin A, Itzhak D, Vogler G, Ideses D, Alter H, Shachar H, Doniger T, Frasch M, Bodmer R, Duttke SH, Juven-Gershon T. A single DPE core promoter motif contributes to in vivo transcriptional regulation and affects cardiac function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.11.544490. [PMID: 37398300 PMCID: PMC10312617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.11.544490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is initiated at the core promoter, which confers specific functions depending on the unique combination of core promoter elements. The downstream core promoter element (DPE) is found in many genes related to heart and mesodermal development. However, the function of these core promoter elements has thus far been studied primarily in isolated, in vitro or reporter gene settings. tinman (tin) encodes a key transcription factor that regulates the formation of the dorsal musculature and heart. Pioneering a novel approach utilizing both CRISPR and nascent transcriptomics, we show that a substitution mutation of the functional tin DPE motif within the natural context of the core promoter results in a massive perturbation of Tinman's regulatory network orchestrating dorsal musculature and heart formation. Mutation of endogenous tin DPE reduced the expression of tin and distinct target genes, resulting in significantly reduced viability and an overall decrease in adult heart function. We demonstrate the feasibility and importance of characterizing DNA sequence elements in vivo in their natural context, and accentuate the critical impact a single DPE motif has during Drosophila embryogenesis and functional heart formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sloutskin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel Itzhak
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diana Ideses
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Alter
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadar Shachar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Manfred Frasch
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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13
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Sree Kumar H, Wisner AS, Refsnider JM, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Small fish, big discoveries: zebrafish shed light on microbial biomarkers for neuro-immune-cardiovascular health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186645. [PMID: 37324381 PMCID: PMC10267477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model to study the gut microbiome in the context of human conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and immune dysfunction. Here, we highlight zebrafish as a tool to bridge the gap in knowledge in linking the gut microbiome and physiological homeostasis of cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems, both independently and as an integrated axis. Drawing on zebrafish studies to date, we discuss challenges in microbiota transplant techniques and gnotobiotic husbandry practices. We present advantages and current limitations in zebrafish microbiome research and discuss the use of zebrafish in identification of microbial enterotypes in health and disease. We also highlight the versatility of zebrafish studies to further explore the function of human conditions relevant to gut dysbiosis and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaa Sree Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Alexander S. Wisner
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jeanine M. Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, OH, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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14
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Hegemann N, Bintig W, Perret PL, Rees J, Viperino A, Eickholt B, Kuebler WM, Höpfner M, Nitzsche B, Grune J. In-ovo echocardiography for application in cardiovascular research. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:19. [PMID: 37193927 PMCID: PMC10188421 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical cardiovascular research relies heavily on non-invasive in-vivo echocardiography in mice and rats to assess cardiac function and morphology, since the complex interaction of heart, circulation, and peripheral organs are challenging to mimic ex-vivo. While n-numbers of annually used laboratory animals worldwide approach 200 million, increasing efforts are made by basic scientists aiming to reduce animal numbers in cardiovascular research according to the 3R's principle. The chicken egg is well-established as a physiological correlate and model for angiogenesis research but has barely been used to assess cardiac (patho-) physiology. Here, we tested whether the established in-ovo system of incubated chicken eggs interfaced with commercially available small animal echocardiography would be a suitable alternative test system in experimental cardiology. To this end, we defined a workflow to assess cardiac function in 8-13-day-old chicken embryos using a commercially available high resolution ultrasound system for small animals (Vevo 3100, Fujifilm Visualsonics Inc.) equipped with a high frequency probe (MX700; centre transmit: 50 MHz). We provide detailed standard operating procedures for sample preparation, image acquisition, data analysis, reference values for left and right ventricular function and dimensions, and inter-observer variabilities. Finally, we challenged incubated chicken eggs with two interventions well-known to affect cardiac physiology-metoprolol treatment and hypoxic exposure-to demonstrate the sensitivity of in-ovo echocardiography. In conclusion, in-ovo echocardiography is a feasible alternative tool for basic cardiovascular research, which can easily be implemented into the small animal research environment using existing infrastructure to replace mice and rat experiments, and thus, reduce use of laboratory animals according to the 3R principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hegemann
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem Bintig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Lennard Perret
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Rees
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra Viperino
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Eickholt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Wu Z, Shi Y, Cui Y, Xing X, Zhang L, Liu D, Zhang Y, Dong J, Jin L, Pang M, Xiao RP, Zhu Z, Xiong JW, Tong X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Tang F, Zhang B. Single-cell analysis reveals an Angpt4-initiated EPDC-EC-CM cellular coordination cascade during heart regeneration. Protein Cell 2023; 14:350-368. [PMID: 37155312 PMCID: PMC10166170 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit limited heart regeneration ability, which can lead to heart failure after myocardial infarction. In contrast, zebrafish exhibit remarkable cardiac regeneration capacity. Several cell types and signaling pathways have been reported to participate in this process. However, a comprehensive analysis of how different cells and signals interact and coordinate to regulate cardiac regeneration is unavailable. We collected major cardiac cell types from zebrafish and performed high-precision single-cell transcriptome analyses during both development and post-injury regeneration. We revealed the cellular heterogeneity as well as the molecular progress of cardiomyocytes during these processes, and identified a subtype of atrial cardiomyocyte exhibiting a stem-like state which may transdifferentiate into ventricular cardiomyocytes during regeneration. Furthermore, we identified a regeneration-induced cell (RIC) population in the epicardium-derived cells (EPDC), and demonstrated Angiopoietin 4 (Angpt4) as a specific regulator of heart regeneration. angpt4 expression is specifically and transiently activated in RIC, which initiates a signaling cascade from EPDC to endocardium through the Tie2-MAPK pathway, and further induces activation of cathepsin K in cardiomyocytes through RA signaling. Loss of angpt4 leads to defects in scar tissue resolution and cardiomyocyte proliferation, while overexpression of angpt4 accelerates regeneration. Furthermore, we found that ANGPT4 could enhance proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and promote cardiac repair in mice after myocardial infarction, indicating that the function of Angpt4 is conserved in mammals. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of heart regeneration at single-cell precision, identifies Angpt4 as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration, and offers a novel therapeutic target for improved recovery after human heart injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Da Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meijun Pang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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16
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Wen DT, Gao YH, Wang J, Wang S, Zhong Q, Hou WQ. Role of muscle FOXO gene in exercise against the skeletal muscle and cardiac age-related defects and mortality caused by high-salt intake in Drosophila. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 36997839 PMCID: PMC10064743 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
FOXO has long been associated with aging, exercise, and tissue homeostasis, but it remains unclear what the role is of the muscle FOXO gene in E against high-salt intake(HSI)-induced age-related defects of the skeletal muscle, heart, and mortality. In this research, overexpression and RNAi of the FOXO gene in the skeletal and heart muscle of Drosophila were constructed by building Mhc-GAL4/FOXO-UAS-overexpression and Mhc-GAL4/FOXO-UAS-RNAi system. The skeletal muscle and heart function, the balance of oxidation and antioxidant, and mitochondrial homeostasis were measured. The results showed that exercise reversed the age-related decline in climbing ability and downregulation of muscle FOXO expression induced by HSI. Muscle-specific FOXO-RNAi (FOXO-RNAi) and -overexpression (FOXO-OE) promoted or slowed the age-related decline in climbing ability, heart function, and skeletal muscle and heart structure damage, which was accompanied by the inhibition or activation of FOXO/PGC-1α/SDH and FOXO/SOD pathway activity, and oxidative stress (ROS) increased or decreased in both skeletal muscle and heart. The protective effect of exercise on the skeletal muscle and heart was blocked by FOXO-RNAi in aged HSI flies. FOXO-OE prolonged its lifespan, but it did not resist the HSI-induced lifespan shortening. Exercise did not improve HSI-induced lifespan shortening in FOXO-RNAi flies. Therefore, current results confirmed that the muscle FOXO gene played a vital role in exercise against age-related defects of the skeletal muscle and heart induced by HSI because it determined the activity of muscle FOXO/SOD and FOXO/PGC-1α/SDH pathways. The muscle FOXO gene also played an important role in exercise against HSI-induced mortality in aging flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Ying-Hui Gao
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Ludong University, Shandong Province, City Yantai, 264025, China
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17
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Ren J, Zeng Q, Wu H, Liu X, Guida MC, Huang W, Zhai Y, Li J, Ocorr K, Bodmer R, Tang M. Deacetylase-dependent and -independent role of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:647-658. [PMID: 36745702 PMCID: PMC10152801 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a common disease of cardiac muscle that negatively affects cardiac function. HDAC3 commonly functions as corepressor by removing acetyl moieties from histone tails. However, a deacetylase-independent role of HDAC3 has also been described. Cardiac deletion of HDAC3 causes reduced cardiac contractility accompanied by lipid accumulation, but the molecular function of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy remains unknown. We have used powerful genetic tools in Drosophila to investigate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic roles of HDAC3 in cardiomyopathy. Using the Drosophila heart model, we showed that cardiac-specific HDAC3 knockdown (KD) leads to prolonged systoles and reduced cardiac contractility. Immunohistochemistry revealed structural abnormalities characterized by myofiber disruption in HDAC3 KD hearts. Cardiac-specific HDAC3 KD showed increased levels of whole-body triglycerides and increased fibrosis. The introduction of deacetylase-dead HDAC3 mutant in HDAC3 KD background showed comparable results with wild-type HDAC3 in aspects of contractility and Pericardin deposition. However, deacetylase-dead HDAC3 mutants failed to improve triglyceride accumulation. Our data indicate that HDAC3 plays a deacetylase-independent role in maintaining cardiac contractility and preventing Pericardin deposition as well as a deacetylase-dependent role to maintain triglyceride homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Maria C Guida
- Development Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wen Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Hengyang Medical, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Buhr A, Schiemann R, Meyer H. Neprilysin 4: an essential peptidase with multifaceted physiological relevance. Biol Chem 2023; 404:513-520. [PMID: 36653344 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neprilysins are highly conserved ectoenzymes that hydrolyze and thus inactivate signaling peptides in the extracellular space. Herein, we focus on Neprilysin 4 from Drosophila melanogaster and evaluate the existing knowledge on the physiological relevance of the peptidase. Particular attention is paid to the role of the neprilysin in regulating feeding behavior and the expression of insulin-like peptides in the central nervous system. In addition, we assess the function of the peptidase in controlling the activity of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase in myocytes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Buhr
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
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19
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Regular Exercise in Drosophila Prevents Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by High Fat and Heart-Specific Knockdown of skd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021216. [PMID: 36674733 PMCID: PMC9865808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skuld (skd) is a subunit of the Mediator complex subunit complex. In the heart, skd controls systemic obesity, is involved in systemic energy metabolism, and is closely linked to cardiac function and aging. However, it is unclear whether the effect of cardiac skd on cardiac energy metabolism affects cardiac function. We found that cardiac-specific knockdown of skd showed impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Drosophila was subjected to an exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) intervention to explore the effects of exercise on cardiac skd expression and cardiac function in HFD Drosophila. We found that Hand-Gal4>skd RNAi (KC) Drosophila had impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Regular exercise significantly improved cardiac function and metabolism and delayed aging in HFD KC Drosophila. Thus, our study found that the effect of skd on cardiac energy metabolism in the heart affected cardiac function. Exercise may counteract age-related cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disturbances caused by HFD and heart-specific knockdown of skd. Skd may be a potential therapeutic target for heart disease.
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20
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Visser B, Le Lann C, Hahn DA, Lammers M, Nieberding CM, Alborn HT, Enriquez T, Scheifler M, Harvey JA, Ellers J. Many parasitoids lack adult fat accumulation, despite fatty acid synthesis: A discussion of concepts and considerations for future research. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100055. [PMID: 37124650 PMCID: PMC10139962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fat reserves, specifically the accumulation of triacylglycerols, are a major energy source and play a key role for life histories. Fat accumulation is a conserved metabolic pattern across most insects, yet in most parasitoid species adults do not gain fat mass, even when nutrients are readily available and provided ad libitum. This extraordinary physiological phenotype has evolved repeatedly in phylogenetically dispersed parasitoid species. This poses a conundrum because it could lead to significant constraints on energy allocation toward key adult functions such as survival and reproduction. Recent work on the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms has spurred a debate on fat accumulation versus fat production, because of incongruent interpretation of results obtained using different methodologies. This debate is in part due to semantics, highlighting the need for a synthetic perspective on fat accumulation that reconciles previous debates and provides new insights and terminology. In this paper, we propose updated, unambiguous terminology for future research in the field, including "fatty acid synthesis" and "lack of adult fat accumulation", and describe the distinct metabolic pathways involved in the complex process of lipogenesis. We then discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the main methods available to measure fatty acid synthesis and adult fat accumulation. Most importantly, gravimetric/colorimetric and isotope tracking methods give complementary information, provided that they are applied with appropriate controls and interpreted correctly. We also compiled a comprehensive list of fat accumulation studies performed during the last 25 years. We present avenues for future research that combine chemistry, ecology, and evolution into an integrative approach, which we think is needed to understand the dynamics of fat accumulation in parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertanne Visser
- Evolution and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- CNRS, ECOBIO (écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution) – UMR, Université de Rennes, 6553, France
| | - Daniel A. Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, The University of Florida, USA
| | - Mark Lammers
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hans T. Alborn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Chemistry Research Unit, Gainesville, USA
| | - Thomas Enriquez
- Evolution and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Scheifler
- Evolution and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Watanabe-Asaka T, Niihori M, Sonobe H, Igarashi K, Oda S, Iwasaki KI, Katada Y, Yamashita T, Terada M, Baba SA, Mitani H, Mukai C. Acquirement of the autonomic nervous system modulation evaluated by heart rate variability in medaka (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273064. [PMID: 36584168 PMCID: PMC9803310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small teleosts have recently been established as models of human diseases. However, measuring heart rate by electrocardiography is highly invasive for small fish and not widely used. The physiological nature and function of vertebrate autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation of the heart has traditionally been investigated in larvae, transparent but with an immature ANS, or in anesthetized adults, whose ANS activity may possibly be disturbed under anesthesia. Here, we defined the frequency characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) modulated by the ANS from observations of heart movement in high-speed movie images and changes in ANS regulation under environmental stimulation in unanesthetized adult medaka (Oryzias latipes). The HRV was significantly reduced by atropine (1 mM) in the 0.25-0.65 Hz and by propranolol (100 μM) at 0.65-1.25 Hz range, suggesting that HRV in adult medaka is modulated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems within these frequency ranges. Such modulations of HRV by the ANS in adult medaka were remarkably suppressed under anesthesia and continuous exposure to light suppressed HRV only in the 0.25-0.65 Hz range, indicating parasympathetic withdrawal. Furthermore, pre-hatching embryos did not show HRV and the power of HRV developed as fish grew. These results strongly suggest that ANS modulation of the heart in adult medaka is frequency-dependent phenomenon, and that the impact of long-term environmental stimuli on ANS activities, in addition to development of ANS activities, can be precisely evaluated in medaka using the presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Space Biomedical Research Office, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Maki Niihori
- Space Biomedical Research Office, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sonobe
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Space Biomedical Research Office, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Iwasaki
- Space Biomedical Research Office, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Katada
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yamashita
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Shoji A. Baba
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Office, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
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22
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Gu W, Li Q, Ding M, Cao Y, Wang T, Zhang S, Feng J, Li H, Zheng L. Regular Exercise Rescues Heart Function Defects and Shortens the Lifespan of Drosophila Caused by dMnM Downregulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16554. [PMID: 36554435 PMCID: PMC9779684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that myomesin 2 (MYOM2) mutations can lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a common cardiovascular disease that has a serious impact on human life, the effect of MYOM2 on cardiac function and lifespan in humans is unknown. In this study, dMnM (MYOM2 homologs) knockdown in cardiomyocytes resulted in diastolic cardiac defects (diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmias) and increased cardiac oxidative stress. Furthermore, the knockdown of dMnM in indirect flight muscle (IFM) reduced climbing ability and shortened lifespan. However, regular exercise significantly ameliorated diastolic cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and oxidative stress triggered by dMnM knockdown in cardiac myocytes and also reversed the reduction in climbing ability and shortening of lifespan caused by dMnM knockdown in Drosophila IFM. In conclusion, these results suggest that Drosophila cardiomyocyte dMnM knockdown leads to cardiac functional defects, while dMnM knockdown in IFM affects climbing ability and lifespan. Furthermore, regular exercise effectively upregulates cardiomyocyte dMnM expression levels and ameliorates cardiac functional defects caused by Drosophila cardiomyocyte dMnM knockdown by increasing cardiac antioxidant capacity. Importantly, regular exercise ameliorates the shortened lifespan caused by dMnM knockdown in IFM.
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23
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Ding M, Li QF, Peng TH, Wang TQ, Yan HH, Tang C, Wang XY, Guo Y, Zheng L. Early life exercise training and inhibition of apoLpp mRNA expression to improve age-related arrhythmias and prolong the average lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9908-9923. [PMID: 36470666 PMCID: PMC9831727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) places a heavy burden on older patients and the global healthcare system. A large body of evidence suggests that exercise training is essential in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we used the Drosophila melanogaster animal model to study the effects of early-life exercise training (Exercise) on the aging heart and lifespan. We found in flies that age-induced arrhythmias are conserved across different genetic backgrounds. The fat body is the primary source of circulating lipoproteins in flies. Inhibition of fat body apoLpp (Drosophila apoB homolog) demonstrated that low expression of apoLpp reduced the development of arrhythmias in aged flies but did not affect average lifespan. At the same time, exercise can also reduce the expression of apoLpp mRNA in aged flies and have a protective effect on the heart, which is similar to the inhibition of apoLpp mRNA. Although treatment of UAS-apoLppRNAi and exercise alone had no significant effect on lifespan, the combination of UAS-apoLppRNAi and exercise extended the average lifespan of flies. Therefore, we conclude that UAS-apoLppRNAi and exercise are sufficient to resist age-induced arrhythmias, which may be related to the decreased expression of apoLpp mRNA, and that UAS-apoLppRNAi and exercise have a combined effect on prolonging the average lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Hang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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24
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Peng T, Ding M, Yan H, Li Q, Zhang P, Tian R, Zheng L. Exercise Training Upregulates Cardiac mtp Expression in Drosophila melanogaster with HFD to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121745. [PMID: 36552256 PMCID: PMC9775405 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that the heart plays an important role in regulating systemic lipid homeostasis, and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, although little is known about the specific mechanisms involved. Exercise training can reportedly improve abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diets; however, the molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. In the present study, to explore the relationship between exercise training and cardiac mtp in HFD flies and potential mechanisms by which exercise training affects HFD flies, Drosophila was selected as a model organism, and the GAL4/UAS system was used to specifically knock down the target gene. Experiments revealed that HFD-fed Drosophila exhibited changes in body weight, increased triglycerides (TG) and dysregulated cardiac contractility, consistent with observations in mammals. Interestingly, inhibition of cardiac mtp expression reduced HFD-induced cardiac damage and mitigated the increase in triglycerides. Further studies showed that in HFD +w1118, HFD + Hand > w1118, and HFD+ Hand > mtpRNAi, cardiac mtp expression downregulation induced by HFD was treated by exercise training and mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity in cardiomyocytes was reversed. Overall, knocking down mtp in the heart prevented an increase in systemic TG levels and protected cardiac contractility from damage caused by HFD, similar to the findings observed after exercise training. Moreover, exercise training upregulated the decrease in cardiac mtp expression induced by HFD. Increased Had1 and Acox3 expression were observed, consistent with changes in cardiac mtp expression.
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25
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Saha S, Spinelli L, Castro Mondragon JA, Kervadec A, Lynott M, Kremmer L, Roder L, Krifa S, Torres M, Brun C, Vogler G, Bodmer R, Colas AR, Ocorr K, Perrin L. Genetic architecture of natural variation of cardiac performance from flies to humans. eLife 2022; 11:82459. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.82459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic architecture of human cardiac disorders is of fundamental importance but their underlying complexity is a major hurdle. We investigated the natural variation of cardiac performance in the sequenced inbred lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) identified genetic networks associated with natural variation of cardiac traits which were used to gain insights as to the molecular and cellular processes affected. Non-coding variants that we identified were used to map potential regulatory non-coding regions, which in turn were employed to predict transcription factors (TFs) binding sites. Cognate TFs, many of which themselves bear polymorphisms associated with variations of cardiac performance, were also validated by heart-specific knockdown. Additionally, we showed that the natural variations associated with variability in cardiac performance affect a set of genes overlapping those associated with average traits but through different variants in the same genes. Furthermore, we showed that phenotypic variability was also associated with natural variation of gene regulatory networks. More importantly, we documented correlations between genes associated with cardiac phenotypes in both flies and humans, which supports a conserved genetic architecture regulating adult cardiac function from arthropods to mammals. Specifically, roles for PAX9 and EGR2 in the regulation of the cardiac rhythm were established in both models, illustrating that the characteristics of natural variations in cardiac function identified in Drosophila can accelerate discovery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Saha
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | | | - Anaïs Kervadec
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Michaela Lynott
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Laurent Kremmer
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | - Laurence Roder
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | - Sallouha Krifa
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
| | - Christine Brun
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
- CNRS
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Laurent Perrin
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, Turing Center for Living systems
- CNRS
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26
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Schroeder AM, Nielsen T, Lynott M, Vogler G, Colas AR, Bodmer R. Nascent polypeptide-Associated Complex and Signal Recognition Particle have cardiac-specific roles in heart development and remodeling. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010448. [PMID: 36240221 PMCID: PMC9604979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a catalog of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) genes and identifying functional networks would improve our understanding of its oligogenic underpinnings. Our studies identified protein biogenesis cofactors Nascent polypeptide-Associated Complex (NAC) and Signal-Recognition-Particle (SRP) as disease candidates and novel regulators of cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis. Knockdown (KD) of the alpha- (Nacα) or beta-subunit (bicaudal, bic) of NAC in the developing Drosophila heart disrupted cardiac developmental remodeling resulting in a fly with no heart. Heart loss was rescued by combined KD of Nacα with the posterior patterning Hox gene Abd-B. Consistent with a central role for this interaction in cardiogenesis, KD of Nacα in cardiac progenitors derived from human iPSCs impaired cardiac differentiation while co-KD with human HOXC12 and HOXD12 rescued this phenotype. Our data suggest that Nacα KD preprograms cardioblasts in the embryo for abortive remodeling later during metamorphosis, as Nacα KD during translation-intensive larval growth or pupal remodeling only causes moderate heart defects. KD of SRP subunits in the developing fly heart produced phenotypes that targeted specific segments and cell types, again suggesting cardiac-specific and spatially regulated activities. Together, we demonstrated directed function for NAC and SRP in heart development, and that regulation of NAC function depends on Hox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analyne M. Schroeder
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMS); (RB)
| | - Tanja Nielsen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michaela Lynott
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alexandre R. Colas
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AMS); (RB)
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27
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Zabihihesari A, Parand S, Coulthard AB, Molnar A, Hilliker AJ, Rezai P. An in-vivo microfluidic assay reveals cardiac toxicity of heavy metals and the protective effect of metal responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) in Drosophila model. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:279. [PMID: 36275358 PMCID: PMC9478020 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous toxicity assessments of heavy metals on Drosophila are limited to investigating the survival, development rate, and climbing behaviour by oral administration while cardiac toxicity of these elements have not been investigated. We utilized a microfluidic device to inject known dosages of zinc (Zn) or cadmium (Cd) into the larvae's hemolymph to expose their heart directly and study their heart rate and arrhythmicity. The effect of heart-specific overexpression of metal responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) on different heartbeat parameters and survival of Drosophila larvae was investigated. The heart rate of wild-type larvae decreased by 24.8% or increased by 11.9%, 15 min after injection of 40 nL of 100 mM Zn or 10 mM Cd solution, respectively. The arrhythmicity index of wild-type larvae increased by 58.2% or 76.8%, after injection of Zn or Cd, respectively. MTF-1 heart overexpression ameliorated these effects completely. Moreover, it increased larvae's survival to pupal and adulthood stages and prolonged the longevity of flies injected with Zn and Cd. Our microfluidic-based cardiac toxicity assay illustrated that heart is an acute target of heavy metals toxicity, and MTF-1 overexpression in this tissue can ameliorate cardiac toxicity of Zn and Cd. The method can be used for cardiotoxicity assays with other pollutants in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03336-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zabihihesari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, BRG 433B, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Shahrzad Parand
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | | | | | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, BRG 433B, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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28
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Ibbini Z, Spicer JI, Truebano M, Bishop J, Tills O. HeartCV: a tool for transferrable, automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability in transparent animals. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276574. [PMID: 36073614 PMCID: PMC9659326 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart function is a key component of whole-organismal physiology. Bioimaging is commonly, but not exclusively, used for quantifying heart function in transparent individuals, including early developmental stages of aquatic animals, many of which are transparent. However, a central limitation of many imaging-related methods is the lack of transferability between species, life-history stages and experimental approaches. Furthermore, locating the heart in mobile individuals remains challenging. Here, we present HeartCV: an open-source Python package for automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability that integrates automated localization and is transferrable across a wide range of species. We demonstrate the efficacy of HeartCV by comparing its outputs with measurements made manually for a number of very different species with contrasting heart morphologies. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of the software to different experimental approaches and to different dataset types, such as those corresponding to longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Ibbini
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John Bishop
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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29
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HRG-9 homologues regulate haem trafficking from haem-enriched compartments. Nature 2022; 610:768-774. [PMID: 36261532 PMCID: PMC9810272 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05347-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Haem is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole that is critical for a variety of cellular and physiological processes1-3. Haem binding proteins are present in almost all cellular compartments, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transport and use of haem within the cell remain poorly understood2,3. Here we show that haem-responsive gene 9 (HRG-9) (also known as transport and Golgi organization 2 (TANGO2)) is an evolutionarily conserved haem chaperone with a crucial role in trafficking haem out of haem storage or synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells. Loss of Caenorhabditis elegans hrg-9 and its paralogue hrg-10 results in the accumulation of haem in lysosome-related organelles, the haem storage site in worms. Similarly, deletion of the hrg-9 homologue TANGO2 in yeast and mammalian cells induces haem overload in mitochondria, the site of haem synthesis. We demonstrate that TANGO2 binds haem and transfers it from cellular membranes to apo-haemoproteins. Notably, homozygous tango2-/- zebrafish larvae develop pleiotropic symptoms including encephalopathy, cardiac arrhythmia and myopathy, and die during early development. These defects partially resemble the symptoms of human TANGO2-related metabolic encephalopathy and arrhythmias, a hereditary disease caused by mutations in TANGO24-8. Thus, the identification of HRG-9 as an intracellular haem chaperone provides a biological basis for exploring the aetiology and treatment of TANGO2-related disorders.
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30
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Zechini L, Camilleri-Brennan J, Walsh J, Beaven R, Moran O, Hartley PS, Diaz M, Denholm B. Piezo buffers mechanical stress via modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ handling in the Drosophila heart. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1003999. [PMID: 36187790 PMCID: PMC9515499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1003999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout its lifetime the heart is buffeted continuously by dynamic mechanical forces resulting from contraction of the heart muscle itself and fluctuations in haemodynamic load and pressure. These forces are in flux on a beat-by-beat basis, resulting from changes in posture, physical activity or emotional state, and over longer timescales due to altered physiology (e.g. pregnancy) or as a consequence of ageing or disease (e.g. hypertension). It has been known for over a century of the heart's ability to sense differences in haemodynamic load and adjust contractile force accordingly (Frank, Z. biology, 1895, 32, 370-447; Anrep, J. Physiol., 1912, 45 (5), 307-317; Patterson and Starling, J. Physiol., 1914, 48 (5), 357-79; Starling, The law of the heart (Linacre Lecture, given at Cambridge, 1915), 1918). These adaptive behaviours are important for cardiovascular homeostasis, but the mechanism(s) underpinning them are incompletely understood. Here we present evidence that the mechanically-activated ion channel, Piezo, is an important component of the Drosophila heart's ability to adapt to mechanical force. We find Piezo is a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-resident channel and is part of a mechanism that regulates Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes in response to mechanical stress. Our data support a simple model in which Drosophila Piezo transduces mechanical force such as stretch into a Ca2+ signal, originating from the SR, that modulates cardiomyocyte contraction. We show that Piezo mutant hearts fail to buffer mechanical stress, have altered Ca2+ handling, become prone to arrhythmias and undergo pathological remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Zechini
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
| | - Julian Camilleri-Brennan
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
| | - Jonathan Walsh
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
| | - Robin Beaven
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
| | - Oscar Moran
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- CNR, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paul S. Hartley
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingtom
| | - Mary Diaz
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
| | - Barry Denholm
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingtom
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31
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Klinke N, Meyer H, Ratnavadivel S, Reinhardt M, Heinisch JJ, Malmendal A, Milting H, Paululat A. A Drosophila melanogaster model for TMEM43-related arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 5. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:444. [PMID: 35869176 PMCID: PMC9307560 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a severe cardiac disease that leads to heart failure or sudden cardiac death (SCD). For the pathogenesis of ARVC, various mutations in at least eight different genes have been identified. A rare form of ARVC is associated with the mutation TMEM43 p.S358L, which is a fully penetrant variant in male carriers. TMEM43 p.S358 is homologous to CG8111 p.S333 in Drosophila melanogaster. We established CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CG8111 knock-out mutants in Drosophila, as well as transgenic fly lines carrying an overexpression construct of the CG8111 p.S333L substitution. Knock-out flies developed normally, whereas the overexpression of CG8111 p.S333L caused growth defects, loss of body weight, cardiac arrhythmias, and premature death. An evaluation of a series of model mutants that replaced S333 by selected amino acids proved that the conserved serine is critical for the physiological function of CG8111. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses revealed that the S333 in CG8111 is essential to proper energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in the fly. Of note, metabolic impairments were also found in the murine Tmem43 disease model, and fibrofatty replacement is a hallmark of human ARVC5. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular functions of CG8111 in Drosophila, and can represent a valuable basis to assess the aetiology of the human TMEM43 p.S358L variant in more detail.
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32
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He Y, Zhu R, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Pan S, Schneider RJ, Zhang Y. Transcriptomics and protein biomarkers reveal the detoxifying mechanisms of UV radiation for nebivolol toward zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106241. [PMID: 35868139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol (NEB), a β-blocker frequently used to treat cardiovascular diseases, has been widely detected in aquatic environments, and can be degraded under exposure to UV radiation, leading to the formation of certain transformation products (UV-TPs). Thus, the toxic effects of NEB and its UV-TPs on aquatic organisms are of great importance for aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the degradation pathway of NEB under UV radiation was investigated. Subsequently, zebrafish embryos/larvae were used to assess the median lethal concentration (LC50) of NEB, and to clarify the sub-lethal effects of NEB and its UV-TPs for the first time. It was found that UV radiation could reduce the toxic effects of NEB on the early development of zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis identified the top 20 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in zebrafish larvae exposed to NEB, most of which were associated with the antioxidant, nervous, and immune systems. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pathways were reduced after UV radiation. Furthermore, the analysis of protein biomarkers, including CAT and GST (antioxidant response), AChE and ACh (neurotoxicity), CRP and LYS (immune response), revealed that NEB exposure reduced the activity of these biomarkers, whereas UV radiation could alleviate the effects. The present study provides initial insights into the mechanisms underlying toxic effects of NEB and the detoxification effects of UV radiation on the early development of zebrafish. It highlights the necessity of considering the toxicity of UV-TPs when evaluating the toxicity of emerging pollutants in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Rongwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yujie Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Shunlong Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
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Schiemann R, Buhr A, Cordes E, Walter S, Heinisch JJ, Ferrero P, Milting H, Paululat A, Meyer H. Neprilysins regulate muscle contraction and heart function via cleavage of SERCA-inhibitory micropeptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4420. [PMID: 35906206 PMCID: PMC9338278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction depends on strictly controlled Ca2+ transients within myocytes. A major player maintaining these transients is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA. Activity of SERCA is regulated by binding of micropeptides and impaired expression or function of these peptides results in cardiomyopathy. To date, it is not known how homeostasis or turnover of the micropeptides is regulated. Herein, we find that the Drosophila endopeptidase Neprilysin 4 hydrolyzes SERCA-inhibitory Sarcolamban peptides in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby ensuring proper regulation of SERCA. Cleavage is necessary and sufficient to maintain homeostasis and function of the micropeptides. Analyses on human Neprilysin, sarcolipin, and ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates that the regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. By identifying a neprilysin as essential regulator of SERCA activity and Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, these data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms that control muscle contraction and heart function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annika Buhr
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Cordes
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Center for Cardiovascular Research - CONICET/National University of La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Heart & Diabetes Center NRW, University of Bochum, Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany. .,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Liu P, Chang K, Requejo G, Bai H. mTORC2 protects the heart from high-fat diet-induced cardiomyopathy through mitochondrial fission in Drosophila. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866210. [PMID: 35912118 PMCID: PMC9334792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity has become the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we use Drosophila as a model to study the role of mTORC2 in HFD-induced mitochondrial fission and cardiac dysfunction. We find that knockdown of mTORC2 subunit rictor blocks HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and Drp1 recruitment. Knockdown of rictor further impairs cardiac contractile function under HFD treatment. Surprisingly, knockdown of Akt, the major effector of mTORC2, did not affect HFD-induced mitochondrial fission. Similar to mTORC2 inhibition, knockdown of Drp1 blocks HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and induces contractile defects. Furthermore, overexpression of Drp1 restored HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in rictor knockdown flies. Thus, we uncover a novel function of mTORC2 in protecting the heart from HFD treatment through Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiduo Liu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Guillermo Requejo
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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35
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Trujillo AS, Hsu KH, Viswanathan MC, Cammarato A, Bernstein SI. The R369 Myosin Residue within Loop 4 Is Critical for Actin Binding and Muscle Function in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052533. [PMID: 35269675 PMCID: PMC8910226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myosin molecular motor interacts with actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner to yield muscle contraction. Myosin heavy chain residue R369 is located within loop 4 at the actin-tropomyosin interface of myosin's upper 50 kDa subdomain. To probe the importance of R369, we introduced a histidine mutation of that residue into Drosophila myosin and implemented an integrative approach to determine effects at the biochemical, cellular, and whole organism levels. Substituting the similarly charged but bulkier histidine residue reduces maximal actin binding in vitro without affecting myosin ATPase activity. R369H mutants exhibit impaired flight ability that is dominant in heterozygotes and progressive with age in homozygotes. Indirect flight muscle ultrastructure is normal in mutant homozygotes, suggesting that assembly defects or structural deterioration of myofibrils are not causative of reduced flight. Jump ability is also reduced in homozygotes. In contrast to these skeletal muscle defects, R369H mutants show normal heart ultrastructure and function, suggesting that this residue is differentially sensitive to perturbation in different myosin isoforms or muscle types. Overall, our findings indicate that R369 is an actin binding residue that is critical for myosin function in skeletal muscles, and suggest that more severe perturbations at this residue may cause human myopathies through a similar mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S. Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.H.)
| | - Karen H. Hsu
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.H.)
| | - Meera C. Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Sanford I. Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (A.S.T.); (K.H.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Gera J, Budakoti P, Suhag M, Mandal L, Mandal S. Physiological ROS controls Upd3-dependent modeling of ECM to support cardiac function in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj4991. [PMID: 35179958 PMCID: PMC8856619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite their highly reactive nature, reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the physiological level serve as signaling molecules regulating diverse biological processes. While ROS usually act autonomously, they also function as local paracrine signals by diffusing out of the cells producing them. Using in vivo molecular genetic analyses in Drosophila, we provide evidence for ROS-dependent paracrine signaling that does not entail ROS release. We show that elevated levels of physiological ROS within the pericardial cells activate a signaling cascade transduced by Ask1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 to regulate the expression of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3). Upd3 released by the pericardial cells controls fat body-specific expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Pericardin, essential for cardiac function and healthy life span. Therefore, our work reveals an unexpected inter-organ communication circuitry wherein high physiological levels of ROS regulate cytokine-dependent modulation of cardiac ECM with implications in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Gera
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Prerna Budakoti
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Meghna Suhag
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Corresponding author.
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37
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Ling D, Chen H, Chan G, Lee SMY. Quantitative measurements of zebrafish heartrate and heart rate variability: A survey between 1990-2020. Comput Biol Med 2021; 142:105045. [PMID: 34995954 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is an essential model organism for studying cardiovascular diseases, given its advantages of fast proliferation and high gene homology with humans. Zebrafish embryos/larvae are valuable experimental models used in toxicology studies to analyze drug toxicity, including hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, as well as for drug discovery and drug safety screening in the preclinical stage. Heart rate (HR) serves as a functional endpoint in studies of cardiotoxicity, while heart rate variability (HRV) serves as an indicator of cardiac arrhythmia. Cardiotoxicity is a major cause of early and late termination of drug trials, so a more comprehensive understanding of zebrafish HR and HRV is important. This review summarized HR and HRV in a specific range of applications and fields, focusing on zebrafish heartbeat detection procedures, signal analysis technology and well-established commercial software, such as LabVIEW, Rvlpulse, and ZebraLab. We also compared HR detection algorithms and electrocardiography (ECG)-based methods of heart signal extraction. The relationship between HR and HRV was also systematically analyzed; HR was shown to have an inverse correlation with HRV. Applications to drug testing are also highlighted in this review. Furthermore, HR and HRV were shown to be regulated by the automatic nervous system; their connections with ECG measurements are also summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huanxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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38
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Smeir E, Leberer S, Blumrich A, Vogler G, Vasiliades A, Dresen S, Jaeger C, Gloaguen Y, Klose C, Beule D, Schulze PC, Bodmer R, Foryst-Ludwig A, Kintscher U. Depletion of cardiac cardiolipin synthase alters systolic and diastolic function. iScience 2021; 24:103314. [PMID: 34805785 PMCID: PMC8581512 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a major cardiac mitochondrial phospholipid maintaining regular mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes. Cardiac CL production includes its biosynthesis and a CL remodeling process. Here we studied the impact of CL biosynthesis and the enzyme cardiolipin synthase (CLS) on cardiac function. CLS and cardiac CL species were significantly downregulated in cardiomyocytes following catecholamine-induced cardiac damage in mice, accompanied by increased oxygen consumption rates, signs of oxidative stress, and mitochondrial uncoupling. RNAi-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of CLS in Drosophila melanogaster resulted in marked cardiac dilatation, severe impairment of systolic performance, and slower diastolic filling velocity assessed by fluorescence-based heart imaging. Finally, we showed that CL72:8 is significantly decreased in cardiac samples from patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In summary, we identified CLS as a regulator of cardiac function. Considering the cardiac depletion of CL species in HFrEF, pharmacological targeting of CLS may be a promising therapeutic approach. Cardiolipin synthase (CLS) is reduced in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac damage This is accompanied by alterations of cardiolipins and mitochondrial function CLS mutant Drosophila melanogaster exhibit mild cardiac changes Cardiomyocyte-CLS knockdown in Drosophila results in severe cardiac dysfunction
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Smeir
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Leberer
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annelie Blumrich
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anastasia Vasiliades
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dresen
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoann Gloaguen
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Metabolomics Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health/ Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Street 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
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Bouska MJ, Bai H. Loxl2 is a mediator of cardiac aging in Drosophila melanogaster; genetically examining the role of aging clock genes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 12:6420708. [PMID: 34734976 PMCID: PMC8727986 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic, proteomic, and methylation aging clocks demonstrate that aging has a predictable preset program, while Transcriptome Trajectory Turning Points indicate that the 20 to 40 age range in humans is the likely stage at which the progressive loss of homeostatic control, and in turn aging, begins to have detrimental effects. Turning points in this age range overlapping with human aging clock genes revealed five candidates that we hypothesized could play a role in aging or age-related physiological decline. To examine these gene's effects on lifespan and health-span, we utilized whole body and heart specific gene knockdown of human orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster. Whole body Loxl2, fz3, and Glo1 RNAi positively affected lifespan as did heart-specific Loxl2 knockdown. Loxl2 inhibition concurrently reduced age-related cardiac arrythmia and collagen (Pericardin) fiber width. Loxl2 binds several transcription factors in humans and RT-qPCR confirmed that a conserved transcriptional target CDH1 (Drosophila CadN2), has expression levels which correlate with Loxl2 reduction in Drosophila. These results point to conserved pathways and multiple mechanisms by which inhibition of Loxl2 can be beneficial to heart health and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bouska
- Department of Genetics, Development, & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development, & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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40
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Boonruangkan J, Farrokhi H, Rohith TM, Kwok S, Carney TJ, Su PC, Kim YJ. Label-free quantitative measurement of cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo using frequency-comb-referenced-quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210182RR. [PMID: 34773396 PMCID: PMC8589177 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.11.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Real-time monitoring of the heart rate and blood flow is crucial for studying cardiovascular dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. AIM This study aims at in-depth understanding of high-speed cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo model for various biomedical applications via frequency-comb-referenced quantitative phase imaging (FCR-QPI). APPROACH Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of biomedicine but has not been actively applied to the monitoring of circulatory/cardiovascular parameters, due to dynamic speckles and low frame rates. We demonstrate FCR-QPI to measure heart rate and blood flow in a zebrafish embryo. FCR-QPI utilizes a high-speed photodetector instead of a conventional camera, so it enables real-time monitoring of individual red blood cell (RBC) flow. RESULTS The average velocity of zebrafish's RBCs was measured from 192.5 to 608.8 μm / s at 24 to 28 hour-post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, the number of RBCs in a pulsatile blood flow was revealed to 16 cells/pulse at 48 hpf. The heart rates corresponded to 94 and 142 beats-per-minute at 24 and 48 hpf. CONCLUSIONS This approach will newly enable in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular dynamics in the zebrafish model and possible usage for drug discovery applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Boonruangkan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Hamid Farrokhi
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Thazhe M. Rohith
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Samuel Kwok
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian, School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian, School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Pei-Chen Su
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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41
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Tuthill II BF, Quaglia CJ, O'Hara E, Musselman LP. Loss of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 leads to cardiac dysfunction and lipotoxicity. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb240432. [PMID: 34423827 PMCID: PMC8502255 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.240432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diets high in carbohydrates are associated with type 2 diabetes and its co-morbidities, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease. We used a high-sugar diet to study the pathophysiology of diet-induced metabolic disease in Drosophila melanogaster. High-sugar diets produce hyperglycemia, obesity, insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy in flies, along with ectopic accumulation of toxic lipids, or lipotoxicity. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 is an enzyme that contributes to long-chain fatty acid metabolism by introducing a double bond into the acyl chain. Knockdown of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in the fat body reduced lipogenesis and exacerbated pathophysiology in flies reared on high-sucrose diets. These flies exhibited dyslipidemia and growth deficiency in addition to defects in cardiac and gut function. We assessed the lipidome of these flies using tandem mass spectrometry to provide insight into the relationship between potentially lipotoxic species and type 2 diabetes-like pathophysiology. Oleic acid supplementation is able to rescue a variety of phenotypes produced by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 RNAi, including fly mass, triglyceride storage, gut development and cardiac failure. Taken together, these data suggest a protective role for monounsaturated fatty acids in diet-induced metabolic disease phenotypes.
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42
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Lu K, Hou WQ. Activation of cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways mediates endurance exercise resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in aging Drosophila. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272180. [PMID: 34495320 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is an important way to resist and treat high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used Drosophila to identify whether cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathway activation mediates endurance exercise-induced resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. The results showed that endurance exercise activated the cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/FOXO pathway and the Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/PGC-1α pathway, including up-regulating cardiac Nmnat, SIR2, FOXO and PGC-1α expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and NAD+ levels, and it prevented HFD-induced or cardiac Nmnat knockdown-induced cardiac lipid accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and fibrillation increase, and fractional shortening decrease. Cardiac Nmnat overexpression also activated heart Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways and resisted HFD-induced cardiac malfunction, but it could not protect against HFD-induced lifespan reduction and locomotor impairment. Exercise improved lifespan and mobility in cardiac Nmnat knockdown flies. Therefore, the current results confirm that cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathways are important antagonists of HFD-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2 pathway activation is an important underlying molecular mechanism by which endurance exercise and cardiac Nmnat overexpression give protection against lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Ludong University, City Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Ludong University, City Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Lu K, Hou WQ. Physical exercise prevents age-related heart dysfunction induced by high-salt intake and heart salt-specific overexpression in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19542-19560. [PMID: 34383711 PMCID: PMC8386524 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A long-term high-salt intake (HSI) seems to accelerate cardiac aging and age-related diseases, but the molecular mechanism is still not entirely clear. Exercise is an effective way to delay cardiac aging. However, it remains unclear whether long-term exercise (LTE) can protect heart from aging induced by high-salt stress. In this study, heart CG2196(salt) specific overexpression (HSSO) and RNAi (HSSR) was constructed by using the UAS/hand-Gal4 system in Drosophila. Flies were given exercise and a high-salt diet intervention from 1 to 5 weeks of age. Results showed that HSSR and LTE remarkably prevented heart from accelerated age-related defects caused by HSI and HSSO, and these defects included a marked increase in heart period, arrhythmia index, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, salt expression, and dTOR expression, and a marked decrease in fractional shortening, SOD activity level, dFOXO expression, PGC-1α expression, and the number of mitochondria and myofibrils. The combination of HSSR and LTE could better protect the aging heart from the damage of HSI. Therefore, current evidences suggested that LTE resisted HSI-induced heart presenility via blocking CG2196(salt)/TOR/oxidative stress and activating dFOXO/PGC-1α. LTE also reversed heart presenility induced by cardiac-salt overexpression via activating dFOXO/PGC-1α and blocking TOR/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China.,Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
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Rodríguez M, Pagola L, Norry FM, Ferrero P. Cardiac performance in heat-stressed flies of heat-susceptible and heat-resistant Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 133:104268. [PMID: 34171365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerance is a complex trait that can greatly differ between heat-susceptible (HS) and heat-adapted populations of small insects including Drosophila, with short-term effects after a sub-lethal level of heat stress on many physiological functions. Cardiac performance could accordingly be more robust in heat-resistant (HR) than in HS individuals under heat stress. Here, we tested heart performance under heat-stress effects in two recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of Drosophila melanogaster that dramatically differ in heat knockdown resistance. Heart rate did not strongly differ between heat-susceptible and heat-tolerant flies after a sub-lethal heat stress. Instead, heat-susceptible flies showed a much higher arrhythmia incidence, a longer duration of each heartbeat, and a larger amount of bradycardia than heat-tolerant flies. The highly conserved cardiac proteins SERCA, RyR and NCX that participate in the excitation/contraction coupling, did not differ in activity level between HR and HS flies. Available information for both RIL suggests that heart performance under heat stress may be linked, at least partially, to candidate genes of previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for thermotolerance. This study indicates that HR flies can be genetically more robust in their heart performance than HS flies under even sub-lethal levels of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino 2700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Pagola
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabian M Norry
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) - CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino 2700, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares 'Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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45
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Dondi C, Bertin B, Da Ponte JP, Wojtowicz I, Jagla K, Junion G. A polarized nucleus-cytoskeleton-ECM connection in migrating cardioblasts controls heart tube formation in Drosophila. Development 2021; 148:271094. [PMID: 34323270 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cardiac tube is a remarkable example of complex morphogenetic processes conserved from invertebrates to humans. It involves coordinated collective migration of contralateral rows of cardiac cells. The molecular processes underlying the specification of cardioblasts (CBs) prior to migration are well established and significant advances have been made in understanding the process of lumen formation. However, the mechanisms of collective cardiac cells migration remain elusive. Here, we have identified CAP and MSP300 as novel actors involved during CB migration. They both exhibit highly similar temporal and spatial expression patterns in Drosophila migrating cardiac cells, and are necessary for the correct number and alignment of CBs, a prerequisite for the coordination of their collective migration. Our data suggest that CAP and MSP300 are part of a protein complex linking focal adhesion sites to nuclei via the actin cytoskeleton that maintains post-mitotic state and correct alignment of CBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Dondi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benjamin Bertin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Da Ponte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Inga Wojtowicz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Junion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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46
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Ding M, Zheng L, Li QF, Wang WL, Peng WD, Zhou M. Exercise-Training Regulates Apolipoprotein B in Drosophila to Improve HFD-Mediated Cardiac Function Damage and Low Exercise Capacity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650959. [PMID: 34305631 PMCID: PMC8294119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B plays an essential role in systemic lipid metabolism, and it is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Exercise-training can regulate systemic lipid metabolism, improve heart function, and improve exercise capacity, but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We used a Drosophila model to demonstrate that exercise-training regulates the expression of apoLpp (a homolog of apolipoprotein B) in cardiomyocytes, thereby resisting heart insufficiency and low exercise capacity caused by obesity. The apoLpp is an essential lipid carrier produced in the heart and fat body of Drosophila. In a Drosophila genetic screen, low expression of apoLpp reduced obesity and cardiac dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Cardiac-specific inhibition indicated that reducing apoLpp in the heart during HFD reduced the triglyceride content of the whole-body and reduced heart function damage caused by HFD. In exercise-trained flies, the result was similar to the knockdown effect of apoLpp. Therefore, the inhibition of apoLpp plays an important role in HFD-induced cardiac function impairment and low exercise capacity. Although the apoLpp knockdown of cardiomyocytes alleviated damage to heart function, it did not reduce the arrhythmia and low exercise capacity caused by HFD. Exercise-training can improve this condition more effectively, and the possible reason for this difference is that exercise-training regulates climbing ability in ways to promote metabolism. Exercise-training during HFD feeding can down-regulate the expression of apoLpp, reduce the whole-body TG levels, improve cardiac recovery, and improve exercise capacity. Exercise-training can downregulate the expression of apoLpp in cardiomyocytes to resist cardiac function damage and low exercise capacity caused by HFD. The results revealed the relationship between exercise-training and apoLpp and their essential roles in regulating heart function and climbing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan Da Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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CaMKII oxidation is a critical performance/disease trade-off acquired at the dawn of vertebrate evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3175. [PMID: 34039988 PMCID: PMC8155201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic pleiotropy is a foundational theory that predicts aging-related diseases are the result of evolved genetic traits conferring advantages early in life. Here we examine CaMKII, a pluripotent signaling molecule that contributes to common aging-related diseases, and find that its activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was acquired more than half-a-billion years ago along the vertebrate stem lineage. Functional experiments using genetically engineered mice and flies reveal ancestral vertebrates were poised to benefit from the union of ROS and CaMKII, which conferred physiological advantage by allowing ROS to increase intracellular Ca2+ and activate transcriptional programs important for exercise and immunity. Enhanced sensitivity to the adverse effects of ROS in diseases and aging is thus a trade-off for positive traits that facilitated the early and continued evolutionary success of vertebrates. Natural selection may favor traits underlying aging-related diseases if they benefit the young. Wang et al. find that oxidative activation of CaMKII provides physiological benefits critical to the initial and continued success of vertebrates but at the cost of disease, frailty, and shortened lifespan.
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48
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Narumanchi S, Wang H, Perttunen S, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Paavola J. Zebrafish Heart Failure Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662583. [PMID: 34095129 PMCID: PMC8173159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The understanding of heart failure pathomechanisms and options for treatment remain incomplete. Zebrafish has proven useful for modeling human heart diseases due to similarity of zebrafish and mammalian hearts, fast easily tractable development, and readily available genetic methods. Embryonic cardiac development is rapid and cardiac function is easy to observe and quantify. Reverse genetics, by using morpholinos and CRISPR-Cas9 to modulate gene function, make zebrafish a primary animal model for in vivo studies of candidate genes. Zebrafish are able to effectively regenerate their hearts following injury. However, less attention has been given to using zebrafish models to increase understanding of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we discuss using zebrafish to study heart failure and cardiac remodeling, and review zebrafish genetic, drug-induced and other heart failure models, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of using zebrafish to model human heart disease. Using zebrafish models will lead to insights on the pathomechanisms of heart failure, with the aim to ultimately provide novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Tills O, Spicer JI, Ibbini Z, Rundle SD. Spectral phenotyping of embryonic development reveals integrative thermodynamic responses. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:232. [PMID: 33957860 PMCID: PMC8101172 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy proxy traits (EPTs) are a novel approach to high dimensional organismal phenotyping that quantify the spectrum of energy levels within different temporal frequencies associated with mean pixel value fluctuations from video. They offer significant potential in addressing the phenotyping bottleneck in biology and are effective at identifying lethal endpoints and measuring specific functional traits, but the extent to which they might contribute additional understanding of the phenotype remains unknown. Consequently, here we test the biological significance of EPTs and their responses relative to fundamental thermodynamic principles. We achieve this using the entire embryonic development of Radix balthica, a freshwater pond snail, at different temperatures (20, 25 & 30 °C) and comparing responses against predictions from Arrhenius’ equation (Q10 = 2). Results We find that EPTs are thermally sensitive and their spectra of frequency response enable effective high-dimensional treatment clustering throughout organismal development. Temperature-specific deviation in EPTs from thermodynamic predictions were evident and indicative of physiological mitigation, although they differed markedly in their responses from manual measures. The EPT spectrum was effective in capturing aspects of the phenotype predictive of biological outcomes, and suggest that EPTs themselves may reflect levels of energy turnover. Conclusions Whole-organismal biology is incredibly complex, and this contributes to the challenge of developing universal phenotyping approaches. Here, we demonstrate the biological relevance of a new holistic approach to phenotyping that is not constrained by preconceived notions of biological importance. Furthermore, we find that EPTs are an effective approach to measuring even the most dynamic life history stages. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04152-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK.
| | - John I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Ziad Ibbini
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Simon D Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
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50
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Wüst RCI, Coolen BF, Held NM, Daal MRR, Alizadeh Tazehkandi V, Baks-te Bulte L, Wiersma M, Kuster DWD, Brundel BJJM, van Weeghel M, Strijkers GJ, Houtkooper RH. The Antibiotic Doxycycline Impairs Cardiac Mitochondrial and Contractile Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4100. [PMID: 33921053 PMCID: PMC8071362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline antibiotics act by inhibiting bacterial protein translation. Given the bacterial ancestry of mitochondria, we tested the hypothesis that doxycycline-which belongs to the tetracycline class-reduces mitochondrial function, and results in cardiac contractile dysfunction in cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, adult rat cardiomyocytes, in Drosophila and in mice. Ampicillin and carbenicillin were used as control antibiotics since these do not interfere with mitochondrial translation. In line with its specific inhibitory effect on mitochondrial translation, doxycycline caused a mitonuclear protein imbalance in doxycycline-treated H9C2 cells, reduced maximal mitochondrial respiration, particularly with complex I substrates, and mitochondria appeared fragmented. Flux measurements using stable isotope tracers showed a shift away from OXPHOS towards glycolysis after doxycycline exposure. Cardiac contractility measurements in adult cardiomyocytes and Drosophila melanogaster hearts showed an increased diastolic calcium concentration, and a higher arrhythmicity index. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction were observed after exposure to doxycycline. Mice treated with doxycycline showed mitochondrial complex I dysfunction, reduced OXPHOS capacity and impaired diastolic function. Doxycycline exacerbated diastolic dysfunction and reduced ejection fraction in a diabetes mouse model vulnerable for metabolic derangements. We therefore conclude that doxycycline impairs mitochondrial function and causes cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C. I. Wüst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.H.); (V.A.T.); (M.v.W.)
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.F.C.); (M.R.R.D.); (G.J.S.)
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.F.C.); (M.R.R.D.); (G.J.S.)
| | - Ntsiki M. Held
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.H.); (V.A.T.); (M.v.W.)
| | - Mariah R. R. Daal
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.F.C.); (M.R.R.D.); (G.J.S.)
| | - Vida Alizadeh Tazehkandi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.H.); (V.A.T.); (M.v.W.)
| | - Luciënne Baks-te Bulte
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.B.-t.B.); (M.W.); (D.W.D.K.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.B.-t.B.); (M.W.); (D.W.D.K.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.B.-t.B.); (M.W.); (D.W.D.K.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
| | - Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.B.-t.B.); (M.W.); (D.W.D.K.); (B.J.J.M.B.)
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.H.); (V.A.T.); (M.v.W.)
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.F.C.); (M.R.R.D.); (G.J.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (N.M.H.); (V.A.T.); (M.v.W.)
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