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Ahmed NM, Mohamed MS, Awad SM, Abd El-Hameed RH, El-tawab NAA, Gaballah MS, Said AM. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of novel 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidine derivatives as potent anticancer agents against leukemia and apoptotic inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2304625. [PMID: 38348824 PMCID: PMC10866072 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2304625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel series of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidines and condensed pyrimidines analogues were prepared. All the synthesized compounds (1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-r and 5a-c) were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity by the National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA) against 60 cell lines. Compound 1c showed promising anticancer activity and was selected for the five-dose testing. Results demonstrated that compound 1c possessed broad spectrum anti-cancer activity against the nine cancerous subpanels tested with selectivity ratio ranging from 0.7 to 39 at the GI50 level with high selectivity towards leukaemia. Mechanistic studies showed that Compound 1c showed comparable activity to Duvelisib against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 0.0034 and 0.0025 μM, respectively) and arrested cell cycle at the S phase and displayed significant increase in the early and late apoptosis in HL60 and leukaemia SR cells. The necrosis percentage showed a significant increase from 1.13% to 3.41% in compound 1c treated HL60 cells as well as from 1.51% to 4.72% in compound 1c treated leukaemia SR cells. Also, compound 1c triggered apoptosis by activating caspase 3, Bax, P53 and suppressing Bcl2. Moreover, 1c revealed a good safety profile against human normal lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38 cells). Molecular analysis of Duvelisib and compound 1c in PI3K was performed. Finally, these results suggest that 2-thiopyrimidine derivative 1c might serve as a model for designing novel anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mosaad S. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Awad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed S. Gaballah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Athenex Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Eldehna WM, Elsayed ZM, Ammara A, El Hassab MA, Almahli H, Fares M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Abou-Seri SM. Discovery of new sulfonamide-tethered 2-aryl-4-anilinoquinazolines as the first-in-class dual carbonic anhydrase and EGFR inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135010. [PMID: 39197616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In today's medical field, there is a growing trend of exploiting a single small molecule to target two different molecular targets concurrently. This approach is proving to be highly effective in fighting against cancer. The 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold, known for its potential in cancer therapy and its effectiveness as a leading class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, was employed to develop a novel series of anilinoquinazoline-sulfonamides (AQSs) (8a-d, 9a-f, and 10a-d) as dual inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CA) IX/XII and EGFR. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)quinazoline bearing p-sulfanilamide 10b elicited superior hCA IX and XII inhibition in the low nanomolar range (KIs = 38.4 and 8.9 nM, respectively). Also, 10b shined as a potent and selective EGFR inhibitor, boasting an impressive IC50 value of 51.2 ± 0.97 nM, surpassing the reference EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib (IC50 = 80 ± 2.0 nM). Compound 10b exhibited broadest-spectrum antiproliferative activity against the NCI-tumor panel with a mean GI% value of 68 %. Of special interest, 10b demonstrated potent growth inhibition (GI% ≥ 80-97 %) toward cell lines reported to express high levels of EGFR belonging to renal, colon, breast, and lung cancers. Compound 10b's molecular docking in the CA IX/XII and EGFR active sites revealed binding modes that justify its potent enzyme inhibitory effects. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated strong and stable interactions of 10b with the binding sites of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt.
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Andrea Ammara
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ERU, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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Başaran E, Köprü S, Akkoç S, Türkmenoğlu B. Investigation of Newly Synthesized Fluorinated Isatin-Hydrazones by In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity, Molecular Docking, ADME Analysis, and e-Pharmacophore Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26503-26518. [PMID: 38911768 PMCID: PMC11191101 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the in vitro antiproliferative activities and performed computational studies of newly synthesized fluorinated isatin-hydrazones. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1D NMR (1H- and 13C NMR and APT), 2D NMR (HETCOR and HMBC), and elemental analysis. All compounds (1-15) were tested in human lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines for 72 h. The compounds were screened against a healthy embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293T) under the same conditions to determine their toxic effects. According to the results obtained, one of the compounds, in particular, compound 8 was effective at inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells, and its effects on both cancer cell lines were similar to IC50 values of 42.43 and 48.43 μM for A549 and HepG2, respectively. Compound 8, which was determined to be the best anticancer agent in vitro, was chosen to interact with the target via molecular docking. This selected ligand (compound 8) interacted with the targets 4HJO, 4ASD, 3POZ, and 7TZ7, and docked into the active sites. The docking score, Glide energy, and Glide emodel values were calculated and determined to be lower than those of the reference compound cisplatin. The pharmacokinetic properties, stability, and drug-likeness parameters of all designed compounds were estimated using SwissADME. Finally, the binding affinities of compound 8 for all four targets were calculated using the MM-GBSA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyüp Başaran
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational School
of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman 72060, Türkiye
| | - Semiha Köprü
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye
- Technology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Türkiye
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Türkiye
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir
University, Istanbul 34353, Türkiye
| | - Burçin Türkmenoğlu
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24002, Türkiye
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4
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Singh A, Singh K, Sharma A, Sharma S, Batra K, Joshi K, Singh B, Kaur K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Mechanistic insight and structure activity relationship of isatin-based derivatives in development of anti-breast cancer agents. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1165-1198. [PMID: 37329491 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is most common in women and most difficult to manage that causes highest mortality and morbidity among all diseases and posing significant threat to mankind as well as burden on healthcare system. In 2020, 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and it was responsible for 685,000 deaths globally, suggesting the severity of this disease. Apart from that, relapsing of cases and resistance among available anticancer drugs along with associated side effects making the situation even worse. Therefore, it is a global emergency to develop potent and safer antibreast cancer agents. Isatin is most versatile and flying one nucleus which is an integral competent and various anticancer agent in clinical practice and widely used by various research groups around the globe for development of novel, potent, and safer antibreast cancer agents. This review will shed light on the structural insights and antiproliferative potential of various isatin-based derivatives developed for targeting breast cancer in last three decades that will help researchers in design and development of novel, potent, and safer isatin-based antibreast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Sambhav Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kevin Batra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kaustubh Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Brahmjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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5
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Jeba Reeda V, Bena Jothy V, Asif M, Nasibullah M, Alharbi NS, Abbas G, Muthu S. Synthesis, solvent polarity(polar and nonpolar), structural and electronic properties with diverse solvents and biological studies of (E)-3-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) imino) indolin-2-one. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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6
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Al-Warhi T, Almahli H, Maklad RM, Elsayed ZM, El Hassab MA, Alotaibi OJ, Aljaeed N, Ayyad RR, Ghabour HA, Eldehna WM, El-Ashrey MK. 1-Benzyl-5-bromo-3-hydrazonoindolin-2-ones as Novel Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Insights. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073203. [PMID: 37049966 PMCID: PMC10096524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is experiencing several obstacles in the modern medical era, particularly cancer. As a result, the cancer therapeutic arsenal should be continually expanded with innovative small molecules that preferentially target tumour cells. In this study, we describe the development of two small molecule series (7a–d and 12a–e) based on the 1-benzyl-5-bromoindolin-2-one scaffold that connected through a hydrazone linker to a 4-arylthiazole (7a–d) or 4-methyl-5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazole (12a–e) moiety. The anticancer activity of all the reported indolin-2-one derivatives was assessed against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A-549) cancer cell lines. The 4-arylthiazole-bearing derivatives 7c and 7d revealed the best anticancer activity toward MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 7.17 ± 0.94 and 2.93 ± 0.47, respectively). Furthermore, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity for 7c and 7d was evaluated. Both molecules disclosed good inhibitory activity, and their IC50 values were equal to 0.728 µM and 0.503 µM, respectively. Additionally, the impacts of 7d on the cell cycle phases as well as on the levels of different apoptotic markers (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2) were assessed. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations are carried out to explore the binding mode of 7d within the VEGFR-2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Raed M. Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Ohoud J. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Aljaeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rezk R. Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Ghabour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
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7
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Vijayan V, Kumar D, Naik J, Thareja S, Yadav JP, Pathak P, Grishina M, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:299. [PMID: 37259442 PMCID: PMC9965678 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major healthcare challenges across the globe. Several anticancer drugs are available on the market but they either lack specificity or have poor safety, severe side effects, and suffer from resistance. So, there is a dire need to develop safer and target-specific anticancer drugs. More than 85% of all physiologically active pharmaceuticals are heterocycles or contain at least one heteroatom. Nitrogen heterocycles constituting the most common heterocyclic framework. In this study, we have compiled the FDA approved heterocyclic drugs with nitrogen atoms and their pharmacological properties. Moreover, we have reported nitrogen containing heterocycles, including pyrimidine, quinolone, carbazole, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, β-lactam, indole, pyrazole, quinazoline, quinoxaline, isatin, pyrrolo-benzodiazepines, and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer, concurrently covering the biochemical mechanisms of action and cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Jashwanth Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Jagat Pal Yadav
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur 209217, India
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, 454008 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, 454008 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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8
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Development of potent nanosized carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for targeted therapy of hypoxic solid tumors. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122537. [PMID: 36572260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of two carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms, CA IX and XII, in several hypoxic solid tumors provides an extracellular hypoxic microenvironment, interferes with extra- and intracellular pH regulation, thus favoring hypoxic tumor cell survival, proliferation and metastasis. In the current study, a selective inhibitor for human CA isoforms IX and XII (isatin-bearing sulfonamide, WEG-104), was incorporated into nanosized spherical niosomes at high encapsulation efficiency to allow for an enhanced and sustained antitumor activity. In vivo, administration of WEG-104 that is either free (10 mg/kg) or loaded into niosomes (5 mg/kg) into a mice model of Ehrlich ascites solid tumor resulted in comparable efficacy in terms of reduction of tumor weight and volume. Administration of WEG-104-loaded niosomes (10 mg/kg) exhibited superior antitumor activity compared to the free drug, evidenced by reduced tumor weight and volume, marked reduction in the activity of CA IX and XII, and suppression of HIF-1α and MMP-2. Moreover, prominent increase of caspase 3 and pronounced decrease in VEGF immune expression were observed in the treated animals. Hence, loading of molecularly designed compounds that targets CAs in hypoxic solid tumors into nanosized delivery systems provided an auspicious strategy for limiting solid tumor progression and malignancy.
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Kumar Singh N, Sharma S, Krishnakumar A, Kumar Choudhary R, Kumbhar AA, Butcher RJ, Raj Pokharel Y, Nath Yadav P. Exploration of anticancer potency of N(4) thiomorpholinyl isatin/5-haloisatin thiosemicarbazones on coordination to Cu2+ ion. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Concept of Hybrid Drugs and Recent Advancements in Anticancer Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091071. [PMID: 36145292 PMCID: PMC9500727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and its treatment is a big challenge, with variable efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs. A two-drug cocktail hybrid approach is a potential strategy in recent drug discovery that involves the combination of two drug pharmacophores into a single molecule. The hybrid molecule acts through distinct modes of action on several targets at a given time with more efficacy and less susceptibility to resistance. Thus, there is a huge scope for using hybrid compounds to tackle the present difficulties in cancer medicine. Recent work has applied this technique to uncover some interesting molecules with substantial anticancer properties. In this study, we report data on numerous promising hybrid anti-proliferative/anti-tumor agents developed over the previous 10 years (2011–2021). It includes quinazoline, indole, carbazole, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinone, imidazole, selenium, platinum, hydroxamic acid, ferrocene, curcumin, triazole, benzimidazole, isatin, pyrrolo benzodiazepine (PBD), chalcone, coumarin, nitrogen mustard, pyrazole, and pyridine-based anticancer hybrids produced via molecular hybridization techniques. Overall, this review offers a clear indication of the potential benefits of merging pharmacophoric subunits from multiple different known chemical prototypes to produce more potent and precise hybrid compounds. This provides valuable knowledge for researchers working on complex diseases such as cancer.
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Boda S, Nukala SK, Manchal R. One‐pot Synthesis of Some New Isatin‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Hybrids as VEGFR‐2 Aiming Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Boda
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nukala
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
| | - Ravinder Manchal
- Department of Chemistry Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal Telangana India
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12
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Eldeeb M, Sanad EF, Ragab A, Ammar YA, Mahmoud K, Ali MM, Hamdy NM. Anticancer Effects with Molecular Docking Confirmation of Newly Synthesized Isatin Sulfonamide Molecular Hybrid Derivatives against Hepatic Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2022; 10:722. [PMID: 35327524 PMCID: PMC8945686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the cytotoxic effect of ten sulfonamide-derived isatins, following molecular hybridization, based on the association principles, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, compared for safety using human normal retina pigmented epithelial (RPE-1) cells. The ten compounds showed variable in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 and Huh7 cells, using the MTT assay. Four compounds (4/10) were highly cytotoxic to both HepG2 and HuH7. However, only 3 of these 4 were of the highest safety margin on RPE-1 cells in vitro and in the in vivo acute (14-day) oral toxicity study. These later, superior three compounds' structures are 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)ethyl)-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-2-one (3a), N-(4-(2-(2-oxo-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-3-ylidene)acetyl)phenyl)acetamide (4b), and N-(3-(2-(2-oxo-5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)indolin-3-ylidene)acetyl)phenyl)acetamide (4c). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the tested compounds (3a, 4b, and 4c) on HepG2 cells were approximately 16.8, 44.7, and 39.7 μM, respectively. The 3a, 4b, and 4c compounds significantly decreased the angiogenic marker epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) level and that was further confirmed via molecular docking inside the EFGR active site (PDB: 1M17). The binding free energies ranged between -19.21 and -21.74 Kcal/mol compared to Erlotinib (-25.65 Kcal/mol). The most promising compounds, 3a, 4b, and 4c, showed variable anticancer potential on "hallmarks of cancer", significant cytotoxicity, and apoptotic anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive effects, manifested as suppression of Bcl-2, urokinase plasminogen activation, and heparanase expression in HepG2-treated cells' lysate, compared to non-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, compound "3a" is highly comparable to doxorubicin regarding cell cycle arrest at G2/M, the pre-G0 phases and early and late apoptosis induction and is comparable to Erlotinib regarding binding to EGFR active site. Therefore, the current study could suggest that compound "3a" is, hopefully, the most safe and active synthesized isatin sulfonamide derivative for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Eldeeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Eman F. Sanad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (for Boys, Cairo Branch), Al-Azhar University, 11884 Cairo, Egypt; (A.R.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yousry A. Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (for Boys, Cairo Branch), Al-Azhar University, 11884 Cairo, Egypt; (A.R.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Giza, Egypt; (M.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt;
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Cheke RS, Patil VM, Firke SD, Ambhore JP, Ansari IA, Patel HM, Shinde SD, Pasupuleti VR, Hassan MI, Adnan M, Kadri A, Snoussi M. Therapeutic Outcomes of Isatin and Its Derivatives against Multiple Diseases: Recent Developments in Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030272. [PMID: 35337070 PMCID: PMC8950263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin (1H indole 2, 3-dione) is a heterocyclic, endogenous lead molecule recognized in humans and different plants. The isatin nucleus and its derivatives are owed the attention of researchers due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-TB, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, and so on. Many research chemists take advantage of the gentle structure of isatins, such as NH at position 1 and carbonyl functions at positions 2 and 3, for designing biologically active analogues via different approaches. Literature surveys based on reported preclinical, clinical, and patented details confirm the multitarget profile of isatin analogues and thus their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. This review represents the recent development of isatin analogues possessing potential pharmacological action in the years 2016–2020. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed to provide a pharmacophoric pattern that may contribute in the future to the design and synthesis of potent and less toxic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar S. Cheke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur 443101, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (V.R.P.)
| | - Vaishali M. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad 201206, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sandip D. Firke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Jaya P. Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur 443101, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Iqrar A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Harun M. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India; (S.D.F.); (I.A.A.); (H.M.P.)
| | - Sachin D. Shinde
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri. R. D. Bhakt College of Pharmacy, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 44800, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru 28291, Riau, Indonesia
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (V.R.P.)
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Ha′il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Ha′il 2440, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Chaudhari P, Bari S, Surana S, Shirkhedkar A, Wakode S, Shelar S, Racharla S, Ugale V, Ghodke M. Logical synthetic strategies and structure-activity relationship of indolin-2-one hybrids as small molecule anticancer agents: An overview. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Al-Warhi T, Elimam DM, Elsayed ZM, Abdel-Aziz MM, Maklad RM, Al-Karmalawy AA, Afarinkia K, Abourehab MAS, Abdel-Aziz HA, Eldehna WM. Development of novel isatin thiazolyl-pyrazoline hybrids as promising antimicrobials in MDR pathogens. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31466-31477. [PMID: 36382148 PMCID: PMC9629177 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is an emerging global crisis. Derivatization of natural or synthetic scaffolds is among the most reliable strategies to search for and obtain novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of MDR infections. Here, we successfully manipulated the synthetically flexible isatin moieties to synthesize 22 thiazolyl-pyrazolines hybrids, and assessed their potential antimicrobial activities in vitro against various MDR pathogens, using the broth microdilution calorimetric XTT reduction method. We chose 5 strains to represent the major MDR microorganisms, viz: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE) as Gram-positive bacteria; Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia (CRKP), and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli (ESBL-E), as Gram-negative bacteria; and Fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (FRCA), as a yeast-like unicellular fungus. The cytotoxicity of compounds 9f and 10h towards mammalian lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells demonstrated their potential satisfactory safety margin as represented by their relatively high IC50 values. The target compounds showed promising anti-MDR activities, suggesting they are potential leads for further development and in vivo studies. As promising antimicrobials against MDR pathogens, two novel series of isatin thiazolyl-pyrazoline conjugates were developed. Compounds 9f and 10h were the most effective against the tested MDR strains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaaeldin M. Elimam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed M. Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829, Egypt
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Eldehna WM, Salem R, Elsayed ZM, Al-Warhi T, Knany HR, Ayyad RR, Traiki TB, Abdulla MH, Ahmad R, Abdel-Aziz HA, El-Haggar R. Development of novel benzofuran-isatin conjugates as potential antiproliferative agents with apoptosis inducing mechanism in Colon cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1424-1435. [PMID: 34176414 PMCID: PMC8245078 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1944127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work, a new set of carbohydrazide linked benzofuran-isatin conjugates (5a-e and 7a-i) was designed and synthesised. The anticancer activity for compounds (5b-d, 7a, 7b, 7d and 7g) was measured against NCI-55 human cancer cell lines. Compound 5d was the most efficient, and thus subjected to the five-dose screen where it showed excellent broad activity against almost all tested cancer subpanels. Furthermore, all conjugates (5a-e and 7a-i) showed a good anti-proliferative activity towards colorectal cancer SW-620 and HT-29 cell lines, with an excellent inhibitory effect for compounds 5a and 5d (IC50 = 8.7 and 9.4 µM (5a), and 6.5 and 9.8 µM for (5d), respectively). Both compounds displayed selective cytotoxicity with good safety profile. In addition, both compounds provoked apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in SW-620 cells. Also, they significantly inhibited the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein expression and increased the cleaved PARP level that resulted in SW-620 cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rofaida Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada R. Knany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rezk R. Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwan El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Eldehna WM, Al-Rashood ST, Al-Warhi T, Eskandrani RO, Alharbi A, El Kerdawy AM. Novel oxindole/benzofuran hybrids as potential dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:270-285. [PMID: 33327806 PMCID: PMC7751407 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinases CDK2 and GSK-3β are key oncotargets in breast cancer cell lines, therefore, in the present study three series of oxindole-benzofuran hybrids were designed and synthesised as dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer (5a-g, 7a-h, and 13a-b). The N1 -unsubstituted oxindole derivatives, series 5, showed moderate to potent activity on both MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. Compounds 5d-f showed the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 3.41, 3.45 and 2.27 μM, respectively, on MCF-7 and of 3.82, 4.53 and 7.80 μM, respectively, on T-47D cell lines, in comparison to the used reference standard (staurosporine) IC50 of 4.81 and 4.34 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the N1 -substituted oxindole derivatives, series 7 and 13, showed moderate to weak cytotoxic activity on both breast cancer cell lines. CDK2 and GSK-3β enzyme inhibition assay of series 5 revealed that compounds 5d and 5f are showing potent dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 of 37.77 and 52.75 nM, respectively, on CDK2 and 32.09 and 40.13 nM, respectively, on GSK-3β. The most potent compounds 5d-f caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells inducing cell apoptosis because of the CDK2/GSK-3β inhibition. Molecular docking studies showed that the newly synthesised N1 -unsubstituted oxindole hybrids have comparable binding patterns in both CDK2 and GSK-3β. The oxindole ring is accommodated in the hinge region interacting through hydrogen bonding with the backbone CO and NH of the key amino acids Glu81 and Leu83, respectively, in CDK2 and Asp133 and Val135, respectively, in GSK-3β. Whereas, in series 7 and 13, the N1 -substitutions on the oxindole nucleus hinder the compounds from achieving these key interactions with hinge region amino acids what rationalises their moderate to low anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan O. Eskandrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo, Egypt
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Singh A, Kaur H, Arora S, Bedi PMS. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel morpholinated isatin-quinoline hybrids as potent anti-breast cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100368. [PMID: 34783073 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Keeping in view the emerging need for potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents as well as the pharmacological attributes of isatin, quinolone, and morpholine derivatives, novel hydrazine-linked morpholinated isatin-quinoline hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-breast cancer agents. The synthesized hybrid compounds were preliminarily screened against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Almost all synthetics showed potent inhibitory potential against hormone-positive MCF-7 cells while being inactive against hormone-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Potent compounds were further evaluated against the L929 (noncancerous skin fibroblast) cell line and found to be highly selective for MCF-7 cells over L929 cells. Cell cycle analysis confirmed that the most potent compound AS-4 (MCF-7: GI50 = 4.36 µM) causes mitotic arrest at the G2 /M phase. Due to higher selectivity toward estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-dependent MCF-7 cells, various binding interactions of AS-4 with ERα are also streamlined, suggesting the capability of AS-4 to completely block ERα. Overall, the study suggests that AS-4 can act as a potential lead for further development of potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.,Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Borgio JF, Rasdan AS, Sonbol B, Alhamid G, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111144. [PMID: 34827138 PMCID: PMC8614875 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and developing status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, as well as their related mortality, is reviewed by a systematic published literature search from nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. In order to analyse the emerging status and mortality, a total of 382 research articles were selected from a comprehensive screening of 1705 papers. More than 850 deaths reported since 2010 in the Arabian Peninsula due to the infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Multidrug-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi Candida auris are the most prevalent and causing high deaths. To control these infections and associated deaths in the Arabian Peninsula, continuous preventive measures, accurate methods for early diagnosis of infection, active surveillance, constant monitoring, developing vaccines, eradicating multidrug resistance modulators, and data sharing among countries are required. Abstract We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-013-3330864
| | - Alia Saeed Rasdan
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Bayan Sonbol
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Galyah Alhamid
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Varpe BD, Kulkarni AA, Jadhav SB, Mali AS, Jadhav SY. Isatin Hybrids and Their Pharmacological Investigations. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1182-1225. [PMID: 33302835 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201209213029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is an important strategy to design molecules that can be effectively used to treat fatal diseases known to mankind. Molecular hybrids and their pharmacological investigations aided in discovering several potent isatin (Indole 2, 3 dione) derivatives with anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Indole-2,3-dione and their derivatives have diverse pharmacological properties and have a prominent role in the discovery of new drugs. To understand the various approaches for designing new molecules based on isatin nucleus analysis of various pharmacophore hybrids, spacers/linkers between pharmacophores and isatin for hybridization and their biological activities are important. This review discusses the progress in developing isatin hybrids as biologically effective agents and their crucial aspects of design and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Varpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailaja B Jadhav
- PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil S Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS's Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Swami Chincholi, Dist-Pune, 413130 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravan Y Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, DBF Dayanand College of Arts & Science, Solapur 413002, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Eldehna WM, Abo-Ashour MF, Al-Warhi T, Al-Rashood ST, Alharbi A, Ayyad RR, Al-Khayal K, Abdulla M, Abdel-Aziz HA, Ahmad R, El-Haggar R. Development of 2-oindolin-3-ylidene-indole-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as novel apoptotic and anti-proliferative agents towards colorectal cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:319-328. [PMID: 33345633 PMCID: PMC7751403 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and BclxL proteins, are overexpressed in multiple tumour types, and has been involved in the progression and survival of malignant cells. Therefore, inhibition of such proteins has become a validated and attractive target for anticancer drug discovery. In this manner, the present studies developed a series of novel isatin-indole conjugates (7a-j and 9a-e) as potential anticancer Bcl2 and BclxL inhibitors. The progression of the two examined colorectal cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by all of the prepared compounds with IC50 ranges132-611 nM compared to IC50 = 4.6 µM for 5FU, against HT-29 and IC50 ranges 37-468 nM compared to IC50 = 1.5 µM for 5FU, against SW-620. Thereafter, compounds 7c and 7g were selected for further investigations. Interestingly, both compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity against both cell lines with high safety to normal fibroblast (HFF-1). In addition, both compounds 7c and 7g induced apoptosis and inhibited Bcl2 and BclxL expression in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the high potency and selective cytotoxicity suggested that conjugates 7c and 7g could be a starting point for further optimisation to develop novel pro-apoptotic and antitumor agents towards colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rezk R Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khayal Al-Khayal
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwan El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tri NM, Thanh ND, Ha LN, Anh DTT, Toan VN, Giang NTK. Study on synthesis of some substituted N-propargyl isatins by propargylation reaction of corresponding isatins using potassium carbonate as base under ultrasound- and microwave-assisted conditions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Santoso M, Fadlan A, Fahmi MRG, Rahmayanti A. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample 6 (IC50 0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and N-methyl of the isatin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi Santoso
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya , 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Arif Fadlan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember , Kampus ITS Sukolilo , Surabaya , 60111 , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Riza Ghulam Fahmi
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung , Villa Puncak Tidar N-01 , Malang , 65151 , Indonesia
| | - Ardhana Rahmayanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul 10 Ulama Sidoarjo , Jl. Monginsidi Dalam KAV DPR, Sidoklumpuk , Sidoarjo , 61218 , Indonesia
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Eldehna WM, El Hassab MA, Abo-Ashour MF, Al-Warhi T, Elaasser MM, Safwat NA, Suliman H, Ahmed MF, Al-Rashood ST, Abdel-Aziz HA, El-Haggar R. Development of isatin-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole hybrids as novel CDK2 inhibitors with potent in vitro apoptotic anti-proliferative activity: Synthesis, biological and molecular dynamics investigations. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104748. [PMID: 33684714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the current medical era, human health is experiencing numerous challenges, particularly the human malignancies. Therefore, the therapeutic arsenal for these malignancies is to be inexorably enhanced with new treatments that target tumor cells in a selective manner. In this regard, the present work aims at developing a new set of small molecules featuring the privileged isatin scaffold conjugated with a thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole (TBI) motif through a cleavable hydrazide linker (7a-e and 10a-i) as potential anticancer CDK2 inhibitors. The large tricyclic TBI motif is anticipated to achieve a plethora of hydrophobic interactions within the CDK2 binding site. The growth of the two examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by most the prepared hybrids with IC50 ranges; (2.60 ± 1.47-20.90 ± 1.17 µM, against MDA-MB-231) and (1.27 ± 0.06-16.83 ± 0.95 µM, against MCF-7). In particular, hybrids 7a, 7d and 10a displayed potent dual activity against the examined cell lines, and thus selected for further investigations. They exerted a significance alteration in the cell cycle progression, in addition to an apoptosis induction within both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, 7a, 7d and 10a displayed potent CDK2 inhibitory action (IC50 = 96.46 ± 5.3, 26.24 ± 1.4 and 42.95 ± 2.3 nM, respectively). The docking simulations unveiled, as expected, the ability of the TBI ring to well-accommodate and establish several hydrophobic interactions within a hydrophobic pocket in the CDK2 binding site. Also, the docking simulations highlighted the significance of incorporation of the hydrazide linker and isatin unsubstituted (NH) functionality in the H-bonding interactions. Interestingly, the most potent CDK2 inhibitor 7d achieved the best binding score (-11.2 Kcal/mole) and formed the most stable complex with CDK2 enzyme (RMSD = 1.24 Å) in a 100 ns MD simulation. In addition, the MM-PBSA calculations ascribed the lowest binding free energy to the 7d-CDK2 complex (-323.69 ± 15.17 kJ/mol). This could be attributed to an incorporation of the 5-OCH3 group that was engaged in an extra hydrogen bonding with key THR14 amino acid residue. Finally, these results suggested hybrid 7d as a good candidate for further optimization as promising breast cancer antitumor agent and CDK2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Howayda Suliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Radwan El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
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Al-Warhi T, Abo-Ashour MF, Almahli H, Alotaibi OJ, Al-Sanea MM, Al-Ansary GH, Ahmed HY, Elaasser MM, Eldehna WM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Novel [( N-alkyl-3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]oxindoles arrest cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting CDK2 and Bcl-2: synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1300-1309. [PMID: 32522063 PMCID: PMC7717600 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1773814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation for our previous work, a novel set of N-alkylindole-isatin conjugates (7, 8a-c, 9 and 10a-e) is here designed and synthesised with the prime aim to develop more efficient isatin-based antitumor candidates. Utilising the SAR outputs from the previous study, our design here is based on appending four alkyl groups with different length (ethyl and n-propyl), bulkiness (iso-propyl) and unsaturation (allyl) on N-1 of indole motif, with subsequent conjugation with different N-unsubstituted isatin moieties to furnish the target conjugates. As planned, the adopted strategy achieved a substantial improvement in the growth inhibitory profile for the target conjugates in comparison to the reported lead VI. The best results were obtained with N-propylindole -5-methylisatin hybrid 8a which displayed broad spectrum anti-proliferative action with efficient sub-panel GI50 (MG-MID) range from 1.33 to 4.23 µM, and promising full-panel GI50 (MG-MID) equals 3.10 µM, at the NCI five-dose assay. Also, hybrid 8a was able to provoke cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis in breast T-47D cells as evidenced by the DNA flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Furthermore, hybrid 8a exhibited good inhibitory action against cell cycle regulator CDK2 protein kinase and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein (IC50= 0.85 ± 0.03 and 0.46 ± 0.02 µM, respectively). Interestingly, molecular docking for hybrid 8a in CDK2 and Bcl-2 active sites unveiled that N-propyl group is involved in significant hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, the results suggested conjugate 8a as a promising lead for further development and optimisation as an efficient antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud F. Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ohoud J. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada H. Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Program, Batterejee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Isatin containing heterocycles for different biological activities: Analysis of structure activity relationship. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Al-Rashood ST, Hamed AR, Hassan GS, Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Alharbi A, Al-Sanea MM, Eldehna WM. Antitumor properties of certain spirooxindoles towards hepatocellular carcinoma endowed with antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:831-839. [PMID: 32208781 PMCID: PMC7144320 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1743281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current medical era, spirooxindole motif stands out as a privileged heterospirocyclic scaffold that represents the core for a wide range of bioactive naturally isolated products (such as Strychnofoline and spirotryprostatins A and B) and synthetic compounds. Interestingly, no much attention has been paid to develop spirooxindole derivatives with dual antioxidant and anticancer activities. In this context, a series of spirooxindoles 6a-p was examined for their anticancer effect towards HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Spirooxindole 6a was found to be an efficient anti-proliferative agent towards both HepG2 and PC-3 cells (IC50 = 6.9 and 11.8 µM, respectively). Afterwards, spirooxindole 6a was assessed for its apoptosis induction potential in HepG2 cells, where its pro-apoptotic impact was approved via the significant elevation in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the expression levels of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R. Hamed
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Certain Oxindole-Indole Conjugates as Anticancer CDK Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092031. [PMID: 32349307 PMCID: PMC7248897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of their overexpression in a wide range of human malignancies, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are among the most validated cancer targets, and their inhibition has been featured as a valuable strategy for anticancer drug discovery. In this study, a hybrid pharmacophore approach was adopted to develop two series of oxindole-indole conjugates (6a-i and 9a-f) and carbocycle-indole conjugates (11a,b) as efficient antitumor agents with potential inhibitory action toward CDK4. All oxindole-indole conjugates, except 6i, 9b, and 9c efficiently affected the growth of the human breast cancer MCF-7 (IC50: 0.39 ± 0.05-21.40 ± 1.58 μM) and/or MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 1.03 ± 0.04-22.54 ± 1.67 μM) cell lines, whereas bioisosteric replacement of the oxindole nucleus with indane or tetralin rings (compounds 11a,b) diminished the anti-proliferative activity. In addition, hybrids 6e and 6f displayed effective cell cycle disturbance and proapoptotic capabilities in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the efficient anti-proliferative agents towards MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cell lines (6a-h, 9a, and 9e) were investigated for their potential inhibitory action toward CDK4. Hybrids 6a and 6e displayed good CDK4 inhibitory activity with IC50s equal 1.82 and 1.26 µM, respectively. The molecular docking study revealed that oxindole moiety is implicated in two H-bonding interactions via both (NH) and (C=O) groups with the key amino acids Glu94 and Val96, respectively, whereas the indole framework is stably accommodated in a hydrophobic sub-pocket establishing hydrophobic interactions with the amino acid residues of Ile12, Val20, and Gln98 lining this sub-pocket. Collectively, these results highlighted hybrids 6a and 6e as good leads for further optimization as promising antitumor drugs toward breast malignancy and CDK inhibitors.
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Shang Y, Wang Q, Li J, Zhao Q, Huang X, Dong H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gui R, Nie X. The Acetone Indigo Red Dehydrating Agent IF203 Induces HepG2 Cell Death Through Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:473-486. [PMID: 32021291 PMCID: PMC6970269 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isatin derivatives have extensive biological activities, such as antitumor. IF203, a novel isatin derivative, has not previously been reported to have antitumor activity. Methods Acid phosphatase assays (APAs) and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were used to detect the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was applied to detect ultrastructural changes. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HepG2 cells in vitro. TUNEL, MMP and ROS immunofluorescence assays were applied to assess apoptosis, MMP, and ROS of HepG2 cells in vivo. Western Blotting was applied to assess the levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins. Results In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that IF203 possesses antitumor activity. The results of APAs and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IF203 could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Cell cycle assays, downregulation of Cyclin B1 and Cdc2, and upregulation of P53 suggested that IF203 could lead to G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, ultrastructural changes, apoptosis assays, TUNEL immunofluorescence results, upregulated expression of Bax, and downregulated expression of Bcl-2 suggest that IF203 can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. After IF203 treatment, intracellular ROS levels increased, MMP decreased, JC-1 green fluorescence was enhanced, and the levels of Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C expression were upregulated, suggesting that IF203 could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, characteristic apoptotic ultrastructural changes were accompanied by the appearance of many autophagy bubbles and upregulation of Atg5, Atg12, ULK1, Beclin-1 and LC3-II proteins, suggesting that IF203 could induce autophagy in HepG2 cells. Conclusion This study showed that IF203 leads to the death of HepG2 cells through cell cycle arrest, apoptotic induction, and autophagy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Al-Wabli RI, Almomen AA, Almutairi MS, Keeton AB, Piazza GA, Attia MI. New Isatin-Indole Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization, and a Plausible Mechanism of Their in vitro Antiproliferative Activity. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:483-495. [PMID: 32099332 PMCID: PMC7006853 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer remains the leading cause of human morbidity universally. Hence, we sought to assess the in vitro antiproliferative activity of new isatin-based conjugates (5a–s) against three human cancer cell lines. Methods The antiproliferative activities of compounds 5a–s were evaluated in vitro and their ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) was carried out using standard protocols. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential antiproliferative mechanism of compounds 5a–s. Results The in vitro antiproliferative activities of compounds 5a–s against the tested cancer cell lines ranged from 20.3 to 95.9%. Compound 5m had an IC50 value of 1.17 µM; thus, its antiproliferative potency was approximately seven-fold greater than that of sunitinib (IC50 = 8.11 µM). In-depth pharmacological testing was conducted with compound 5m to gain insight into the potential antiproliferative mechanism of this class of compounds. Compound 5m caused an increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase, with a concomitant reduction of those in the G2/M and S phases. Additionally, compound 5m significantly and dose-dependently reduced the amount of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein detected. Compound 5m enhanced expression of B cell translocation gene 1, cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1), and a pro-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2-associated X protein gene), and activated caspase-3. ADME predictions exposed the oral liability of compounds 5a-s. Conclusion Herein, we revealed the antiproliferative activity and ADME predictions of the newly-synthesized compounds 5a–s and provided a detailed insight into the pharmacological profile of compound 5m. Thus, compounds 5a–s can potentially be exploited as new antiproliferative lead compounds for cancer chemotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah A Almomen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam B Keeton
- Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Giza 12622, Egypt
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32
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Ding Z, Zhou M, Zeng C. Recent advances in isatin hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900367. [PMID: 31960987 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The isatin framework is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This is exemplified by the fact that several isatin-based anticancer agents, such as semaxanib, sunitinib, nintedanib, and hesperadin, are already in use or under clinical trials for the treatment of diverse kinds of cancers. Isatin-based hybrids could be obtained by incorporating other anticancer pharmacophores into the isatin skeleton and they have the potential to overcome drug resistance with reduced side effects. Thus, isatin-based hybrids may provide attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review covers the recent advances of isatin-based hybrids with anticancer activity, covering articles published between 2001 and 2019. The anticancer activities of these molecules and the structure-activity relationships are also discussed. The purpose of this review article is to set up the direction for the design and development of isatin-based hybrids with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, China
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33
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Eldehna WM, Hassan GS, Al-Rashood ST, Al-Warhi T, Altyar AE, Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of certain novel 1-(2-methyl-6-arylpyridin-3-yl)-3-phenylureas as apoptosis-inducing agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:322-332. [PMID: 30722708 PMCID: PMC6366416 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1547286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In connection with our research program on the development of novel anticancer candidates, herein we report the design and synthesis of novel series of 1-(2-methyl-6-arylpyridin-3-yl)-3-phenylureas 5a-l. The target pyridins were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines: non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line and colon cancer HCT-116 cell line. Compound 5l emerged as the most active congener towards both A549 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 values equal to 3.22 ± 0.2 and 2.71 ± 0.16 µM, respectively, which are comparable to those of Doxorubicin; 2.93 ± 0.28 and 3.10 ± 0.22, respectively. Furthermore, compound 5l stood out as the most potent pyridine derivative (mean % GI = 40), at US-NCI Developmental Therapeutic Program anticancer assay, with broad-spectrum antitumor activity against the most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels. Compound 5l was able to provoke apoptosis in HCT-116 cells as evidenced by the decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins levels; Bax, cytochrome C, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, 5l disrupted the HCT-116 cell cycle via alteration of the Sub-G1 phase and arresting the G2-M stage. Also, 5l showed a significant increase in the percent of annexinV-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.99 to 15.76%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Masoud DM, Azzam RA, Hamdy F, Mekawey AA, Abdel‐Aziz HA. Synthesis of some novel pyrazoline‐thiazole hybrids and their antimicrobial activities. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Masoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceHelwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Azzam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceHelwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Fatma Hamdy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceHelwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Amal A.I. Mekawey
- Regional Center of Mycology and BiotechnologyAl‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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Enrichment of novel quinazoline derivatives with high antitumor activity in mitochondria tracked by its self-fluorescence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:417-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Almutairi MS, Hassan ES, Keeton AB, Piazza GA, Abdelhameed AS, Attia MI. Antiproliferative activity and possible mechanism of action of certain 5-methoxyindole tethered C-5 functionalized isatins. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3069-3078. [PMID: 31695325 PMCID: PMC6718129 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s208241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer is one of the most dreaded human diseases, that has become an ever-increasing health problem and is a prime cause of death globally. The potential antiproliferative activity of certain indole-isatin molecular hybrids 5a-w was evaluated in vitro against three human cancer cell lines. Methods Standard protocols were adopted to examine the antiproliferative potential and mechanisms of compounds 5a-w. Western blot analysis was carried out on compound 5o. Results Compounds 5a-w demonstrated in vitro antiproliferative activity in the range of 22.6-97.8%, with compounds 5o and 5w being the most active antiproliferative compounds with IC50 values of 1.69 and 1.91 µM, which is fivefold and fourfold more potent than sunitinib (IC50=8.11 µM), respectively. Compound 5o was selected for in-depth pharmacological testing to understand its possible mechanism of antiproliferative activity. It caused a lengthening of the G1 phase and a reduction in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle and had an IC50 value of 10.4 μM with the resistant NCI-H69AR cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 5o significantly decreased the amount of phosphorylated Rb protein in a dose-dependent fashion, which was confirmed via Western blot analysis. Conclusion The current investigation highlighted the potential antiproliferative activity of compounds 5a-w as well as the antiproliferative profile of compound 5o. These compounds can be harnessed as new lead antiproliferatives in the preclinical studies of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Ghad International Medical Sciences College, Female Section, Riyadh 13315, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam B Keeton
- Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604-1405, USA
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Giza 12622, Egypt
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AlRabiah H, Kadi AA, Attwa M, Abdelhameed AS, Mostafa GAE. Reactive intermediates in copanlisib metabolism identified by LC-MS/MS: phase I metabolic profiling. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6409-6418. [PMID: 35517257 PMCID: PMC9060959 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copanlisib (CNB; Aliqopa™) is a novel, intravenous phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor used to treat various solid and hematological malignancies. CNB was recently approved by the U.S. FDA to treat adults that relapsed after two preceding systemic therapies. Using LC-MS/MS, we screened for the in vitro metabolites of CNB formed in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and probed for the generation of reactive electrophiles using methoxyamine and potassium cyanide as nucleophiles to capture reactive electrophiles by forming stable adducts that are suitable for identification by LC-MS/MS. Seven CNB phase I metabolites generated by oxidation, hydroxylation, oxidative dealkylation, reduction, and N-oxidation were identified. In addition, four reactive electrophiles, 2 aldehydes and 2 iminium ions, were identified, and a prediction of the corresponding bioactivation mechanism is presented. The formation of reactive metabolites may be associated with the side effects reported for CNB. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detailed structural characterization of reactive intermediates generated in CNB metabolism. Copanlisib (CNB; Aliqopa™) is a novel, intravenous phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor used to treat various solid and hematological malignancies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
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Eldehna WM, Nocentini A, Al-Rashood ST, Hassan GS, Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Reda AM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT. Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX and XII inhibitory properties of certain isatin-bearing sulfonamides endowed with in vitro antitumor activity towards colon cancer. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:425-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Maddela S, Mathew GE, Parambi DGT, Aljoufi F, Mathew B. Dual Acting Isatin-heterocyclic Hybrids: Recent Highlights as Promising Pharmacological Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180516102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
For the development of suitable lead molecules to different diseases is a
highly challenging task for medicinal chemists. Nowadays, hybrid pharmacophore concept has
developed as a useful structural modification tool in the drug design of new drug candidates for
different diseases. Hybrid pharmacophore approach consists of combination of two or more pharmacophoric
moieties from different biologically active compounds with complementary functions
or different mechanisms of action into a single molecule. This often results in synergistic activity or
enhanced drug efficacy.
Objective:
To develop the suitable leads for different diseases there will be a lot of scope to study
the substitution of heterocyclic moieties on the different positions of isatin ring. The broad and
potent activities of the isatin and their derivatives have been established them as pharmacologically
significant scaffolds. In this review, an attempt has been made with specifically emphasizing the
hybridization of Isatin with different derivatives of heterocyclic compounds on the different positions
of the isatin ring (aryl ring, isatin nitrogen and C2/C3 carbonyl moieties).
Conclusion:
This review highlighted the recent advances of dual acting isatin-heterocyclic hybrids
presenting various pharmacological activities viz., anticancer, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinubabu Maddela
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, 500085, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Fakhria Aljoufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India
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Maddela S, Makula A, Galigniana MD, Parambi DGT, Federicci F, Mazaira G, Hendawy OM, Dev S, Mathew GE, Mathew B. Fe3
O4
nanoparticles mediated synthesis of novel spirooxindole-dihydropyrimidinone molecules as Hsp90 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 352:e1800174. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinubabu Maddela
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Hyderabad India
| | - Ajitha Makula
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Hyderabad India
| | - Mario D. Galigniana
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors; Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Della G. T. Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Jouf University; Al-Jouf Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernando Federicci
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors; Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gisela Mazaira
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors; Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Omnia M. Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology; Jouf University; Al-Jouf Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beni Seuf University; Beni Seuf Egypt
| | - Sanal Dev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Al Shifa College of Pharmacy; Perinthalmanna India
| | - Githa E. Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology; Grace College of Pharmacy; Palakkad India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ahalia School of Pharmacy; Palakkad India
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Type IIA - Type IIB protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors hybridization as an efficient approach for potent multikinase inhibitor development: Design, synthesis, anti-proliferative activity, multikinase inhibitory activity and molecular modeling of novel indolinone-based ureides and amides. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:37-53. [PMID: 30503942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pursuing on our efforts regarding development of novel multikinase inhibitors, herein we report the design and synthesis of novel 2-indolinone-based ureides 6a-u and amides 10a-j. In this work we adopt a hybridization strategy between type IIA PTK inhibitor (sorafenib) and type IIB PTK inhibitors (sunitinib and nintedanib). This was implemented via linking the indolinone core, in both sunitinib and nintedanib, which is well-fitted in the hinge region in the kinase domain front cleft and the biaryl urea extension, in sorafenib, which is accommodated in the gate area and the hydrophobic back pocket. Molecular docking of the designed hybrid compounds in VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1 active sites revealed, as planned, their ability to establish the binding interactions achieved by both original type IIA and type IIB inhibitors. The designed compounds were evaluated for their multikinase inhibitory activity towards VEGFR-2, PDGFR-b and FGFR-1 and anti-proliferative activity towards HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and A498 cancer cell lines. The ureido analogue 6u emerged as the most potent multikinase inhibitor in the ureido series with VEGFR-2, FGFR-1 and PDGFR-b IC50 of 0.18, 0.23 and 0.10 μM, respectively. Whereas, the amido congener 10j emerged as the most potent multikinase inhibitor in the amide series with VEGFR-2, FGFR-1 and PDGFR-b IC50 of 0.28, 0.46 and 0.09 μM, respectively. While, indolinone 6u was the most potent derivative towards HepG2 cells (IC50 = 2.67 ± 0.14 μM), 6r stood out as the most potent indolinone against A498 cells (IC50 = 0.78 ± 0.02 μM). Additionally, the target indolinones displayed non-significant cytotoxic impact towards human normal melanocyte (HFB4). ADME prediction study of the designed compounds showed that they are not only with promising multikinase inhibitory activity but also with favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties. Compounds 6r and 10j are revealed to be the best compounds in terms of multikinase activity and pharmacokinetics.
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Eldehna WM, Abo-Ashour MF, Nocentini A, El-Haggar RS, Bua S, Bonardi A, Al-Rashood ST, Hassan GS, Gratteri P, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT. Enhancement of the tail hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase IX active site via structural extension: Design and synthesis of novel N-substituted isatins-SLC-0111 hybrids as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:147-160. [PMID: 30445264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the design and synthesis of novel N-substituted isatins-SLC-0111 hybrids (6a-f and 9a-l). A structural extension approach was adopted via N-alkylation and N-benzylation of isatin moiety to enhance the tail hydrophobic interactions within the carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX active site. Thereafter, a hybrid pharmacophore approach was utilized via merging the pharmacophoric elements of isatin and SLC-0111 in a single chemical framework. As planned, a substantial improvement of inhibitory profile of the target hybrids (KIs: 4.7-86.1 nM) towards hCA IX in comparison to N-unsubstituted leads IVa-c (KIs: 192-239 nM), was achieved. Molecular docking of the designed hybrids in CA IX active site unveiled, as planned, the ability of N-alkylated and N-benzylated isatin moieties to accommodate in a wide hydrophobic pocket formed by T73, P75, P76, L91, L123 and A128, establishing strong van der Waals interactions. Hybrid 6c displayed good anti-proliferative activity under hypoxic conditions towards breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 7.43 ± 0.28 and 12.90 ± 0.34 μM, respectively). Also, 6c disrupted the MDA-MB-231 cell cycle via alteration of the Sub-G1 phase and arrest of G2-M stage. Additionally, 6c displayed significant increase in the percent of annexinV-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.03 to 18.54%. Furthermore, 6c displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 260.64 nM). Collectively, these data suggest 6c as a promising lead molecule for the development of effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Radwan S El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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El-Naggar M, Eldehna WM, Almahli H, Elgez A, Fares M, Elaasser MM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Novel Thiazolidinone/Thiazolo[3,2- a]Benzimidazolone-Isatin Conjugates as Apoptotic Anti-proliferative Agents Towards Breast Cancer: One-Pot Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2018; 23:E1420. [PMID: 29895744 PMCID: PMC6099623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In connection with our research program on the development of new isatin-based anticancer candidates, herein we report the synthesis of two novel series of thiazolidinone-isatin conjugates (4a⁻n) and thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolone-isatin conjugates (7a⁻d), and in vitro evaluation of their antiproliferative activity towards two breast cancer cell lines; triple negative MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Compounds 4m and 7b emerged as the most active congeners against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.5 and 13.2 ± 1.1 µM, respectively). Compounds 4m and 7b were able to provoke apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, evidenced by the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, besides boosting caspase-3 levels. Hybrid 4m induced a fourfold increase in the percentage of cells at Sub-G₁, with concurrent arrest in G₂-M phase by 2.5-folds. Furthermore, hybrid 4m resulted in a sixfold increase in the percentage of annexin V-FITC positive apoptotic MDA-MB-231 cells as compared with the control. Moreover, the cytotoxic activities of the active conjugates were assessed towards two nontumorigenic cell lines (breast MCF-10A and lung WI-38) where both conjugates 4m and 7b displayed mean tumor selectivity index: 9.6 and 13.9, respectively. Finally, several ADME descriptors were predicted for the active conjugates via a theoretical kinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Amr Elgez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11759, Egypt.
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Eldehna WM, Al-Wabli RI, Almutairi MS, Keeton AB, Piazza GA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Attia MI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of certain hydrazonoindolin-2-one derivatives as new potent anti-proliferative agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:867-878. [PMID: 29707975 PMCID: PMC7011955 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1462802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In connection with our research program on the development of novel indolin-2-one-based anticancer candidates, herein we report the design and synthesis of different series of hydrazonoindolin-2-ones 3a-e, 5a-e, 7a-c, and 10a-l. The synthesised derivatives were in vitro evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity towards lung A-549, colon HT-29, and breast ZR-75 human cancer cell lines. Compounds 5b, 5c, 7b, and 10e emerged as the most potent derivatives with average IC50 values of 4.37, 2.53, 2.14, and 4.66 µM, respectively, which are superior to Sunitinib (average IC50 = 8.11 µM). Furthermore, compounds 7b and 10e were evaluated for their effects on cell cycle progression and levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in the A-549 cancer cell line. Moreover, 7b and 10e inhibited the cell growth of the multidrug-resistant lung cancer NCI-H69AR cell line with IC50 = 16 µM. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of 7b and 10e were assessed towards three non-tumorigenic cell lines (Intestine IEC-6, Breast MCF-10A, and Fibroblast Swiss-3t3) where both compounds displayed mean tumor selectivity index (1.6 and 1.8) higher than that of Sunitinib (1.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Reem I Al-Wabli
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S Almutairi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam B Keeton
- c Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology , Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Gary A Piazza
- c Department of Oncologic Sciences and Pharmacology , Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , Mobile , AL , USA
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- d Department of Applied Organic Chemistry , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department , Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618) , Giza , Egypt
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45
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Eldehna WM, Abo-Ashour MF, Ibrahim HS, Al-Ansary GH, Ghabbour HA, Elaasser MM, Ahmed HYA, Safwat NA. Novel [(3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]indolin-2-ones as apoptotic anti-proliferative agents: design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:686-700. [PMID: 29560733 PMCID: PMC6010103 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1421181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
On account of their significance as apoptosis inducing agents, merging indole and 3-hydrazinoindolin-2-one scaffolds is a logic tactic for designing pro-apoptotic agents. Consequently, 27 hybrids (6a–r, 9a–f and 11a–c) were synthesised and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG-2 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. SAR studies unravelled that N-propylindole derivatives were the most active compounds such as 6n (MCF-7; IC50=1.04 µM), which displayed a significant decrease of cell population in the G2/M phase and significant increase in the early and late apoptosis by 19-folds in Annexin-V-FTIC assay. Also, 6n increased the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome C and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, compounds 6i, 6j, 6n and 6q generated ROS by significant increase in the level of SOD and depletion of the levels of CAT and GSH-Px in MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafrelsheikh , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Egypt
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y A Ahmed
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- f The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Eldehna WM, El-Naggar DH, Hamed AR, Ibrahim HS, Ghabbour HA, Abdel-Aziz HA. One-pot three-component synthesis of novel spirooxindoles with potential cytotoxic activity against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:309-318. [PMID: 29281924 PMCID: PMC6009943 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1417276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options due to its heterogeneity and the lack of well-defined molecular targets. In our endeavour towards the development of novel anti-TNBC agents, herein we report a one-pot three-component synthesis of novel spirooxindoles 6a–p, and evaluation of their potential anti-proliferative activity towards TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. Spirooxindoles 6a, 6e and 6i emerged as the most potent analogues with IC50 = 6.70, 6.40 and 6.70 µM, respectively. Compounds 6a and 6e induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by the up-regulation of the Bax and down-regulation of the Bcl-2, besides boosting caspase-3 levels. Additionally, 6e displayed significant increase in the percent of annexin V-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 1.34 to 44%. Furthermore, spirooxindoles 6e and 6i displayed good inhibitory activity against EGFR (IC50 = 120 and 150 nM, respectively). Collectively, these data demonstrated that 6e might be a potential lead compound for the development of effective anti-TNBC agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , Egypt
| | - Dina H El-Naggar
- b Department of Applied Organic Chemistry , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- c Department of Phytochemistry , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt.,d Biology Unit, Central Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Hany S Ibrahim
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- f Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,g Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- b Department of Applied Organic Chemistry , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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