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Oyelere SF, Ajayi OH, Ayoade TE, Santana Pereira GB, Dayo Owoyemi BC, Ilesanmi AO, Akinyemi OA. A detailed review on the phytochemical profiles and anti-diabetic mechanisms of Momordica charantia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09253. [PMID: 35434401 PMCID: PMC9010624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most well-known endocrine dilemma suffered by hundreds of million people globally, with an annual mortality of more than one million people. This high mortality rate highlights the need for in-depth study of anti-diabetic agents. This review explores the phytochemical contents and anti-diabetic mechanisms of M. charantia (cucurbitaceae). Studies show that M. charantia contains several phytochemicals that have hypoglycemic effects, thus, the plant may be effective in the treatment/management of diabetes mellitus. Also, the biochemical and physiological basis of M. charantia anti-diabetic actions is explained. M. charantia exhibits its anti-diabetic effects via the suppression of MAPKs and NF-κβin pancreatic cells, promoting glucose and fatty acids catabolism, stimulating fatty acids absorption, inducing insulin production, ameliorating insulin resistance, activating AMPK pathway, and inhibiting glucose metabolism enzymes (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphatase). Reviewed literature was obtained from credible sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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Evary YM, Masyita A, Kurnianto AA, Asri RM, Rifai Y. Molecular docking of phytochemical compounds of Momordica charantia as potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130122200221. [PMID: 35049440 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220113143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently declared as a global public health emergency, where the infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays, there is no specific treatment to cure this infection. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and SARS spike glycoprotein-human ACE2 complex have been recognized as suitable targets for treatment including COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE In our current study, we identified the potential of Momordica charantia as a prospective alternative and a choice in dietary food during pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia were screened for activity against 6LU7 and 6CS2 with AutoDock Vina. RESULTS We found that momordicoside B showed lowest binding energy compared with other compounds. In addition, kuguaglycoside A and cucurbitadienol provide better profiles for drug-like properties based on Lipinski's rule of five. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that these molecules may be further explored as promising candidates against SARS-CoV-2 or just simply suggested that Momordica charantia as one of the best food alternatives to be consumed during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
| | | | | | - Yusnita Rifai
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
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Citores L, Iglesias R, Ferreras JM. Antiviral Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:80. [PMID: 33499086 PMCID: PMC7912582 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are rRNA N-glycosylases from plants (EC 3.2.2.22) that inactivate ribosomes thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The antiviral properties of RIPs have been investigated for more than four decades. However, interest in these proteins is rising due to the emergence of infectious diseases caused by new viruses and the difficulty in treating viral infections. On the other hand, there is a growing need to control crop diseases without resorting to the use of phytosanitary products which are very harmful to the environment and in this respect, RIPs have been shown as a promising tool that can be used to obtain transgenic plants resistant to viruses. The way in which RIPs exert their antiviral effect continues to be the subject of intense research and several mechanisms of action have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to examine the research studies that deal with this matter, placing special emphasis on the most recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.)
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Munir MU, Ahmed A, Usman M, Salman S. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Aided Materials in Combating Microbial Resistance and Functioning as Antibiotics Substitutes. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7329-7358. [PMID: 33116477 PMCID: PMC7539234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s265934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing escalation of drug-resistant bacteria creates the leading challenges for human health. Current predictions show that deaths due to bacterial illness will be more in comparison to cancer in 2050. Irrational use of antibiotics, prolonged regimen and using as a prophylactic treatment for various infections are leading cause of microbial resistance. It is an emerging approach to introduce evolving nanomaterials (NMs) as a base of antibacterial therapy to overcome the bacterial resistance pattern. NMs can implement several bactericidal ways and turn into a challenge for bacteria to survive and develop resistance against NMs. All the pathways depend on the surface chemistry, shape, core material and size of NMs. Because of these reasons, NMs based stuff shows a critical role in advancing the treatment efficiency by interacting with the cellular system of bacteria and functioned as an antibiotic substitute. We divided this review into two sections. The first part highlights the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics and their mechanisms. The second section details the NMs mechanisms to combat antibiotic resistance. In short, we try to summarize the advances in NMs role to deal with microbial resistance and giving solution as antibiotics substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia.,Nanobiotech Group, Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Physics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Sajal Salman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Horstmann Risso N, Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Oliveira MT, Haas SE, Ramos Maciel T, Reginatto Lazzari N, Kelmer EL, Pinto Vilela JA, Beckmann DV. Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6935-6944. [PMID: 33061360 PMCID: PMC7519836 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s228280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). Methods The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected. Results The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤0.05). Conclusion Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Horstmann Risso
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Teresa Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamara Ramos Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Luis Kelmer
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil
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Eshaghi Malekshah R, Fahimirad B, Khaleghian A. Synthesis, Characterization, Biomedical Application, Molecular Dynamic Simulation and Molecular Docking of Schiff Base Complex of Cu(II) Supported on Fe 3O 4/SiO 2/APTS. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2583-2603. [PMID: 32368042 PMCID: PMC7182715 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s231062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past several years, nano-based therapeutics were an effective cancer drug candidate in order to overcome the persistence of deadliest diseases and prevalence of multiple drug resistance (MDR). METHODS The main objective of our program was to design organosilane-modified Fe3O4/SiO2/APTS(~NH2) core magnetic nanocomposites with functionalized copper-Schiff base complex through the use of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane linker as chemotherapeutics to cancer cells. The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), TEM, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. All analyses corroborated the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. In the second step, all compounds of magnetic nanoparticles were validated as antitumor drugs through the conventional MTT assay against K562 (myelogenous leukemia cancer) and apoptosis study by Annexin V/PI and AO/EB. The molecular dynamic simulations of nanoparticles were further carried out; afterwards, the optimization was performed using MM+, semi-empirical (AM1) and Ab Initio (STO-3G), ForciteGemo Opt, Forcite Dynamics, Forcite Energy and CASTEP in Materials studio 2017. RESULTS The results showed that the anti-cancer activity was barely reduced after modifying the surface of the Fe3O4/SiO2/APTS nanoparticles with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde as Schiff base and then Cu(II) complex. The apoptosis study by Annexin V/PI and AO/EB stained cell nuclei was performed that apoptosis percentage of the nanoparticles increased upon increasing the thickness of Fe3O4 shell on the magnetite core. The docking studies of the synthesized compounds were conducted towards the DNA and Topoisomerase II via AutoDock 1.5.6 (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA). CONCLUSION Results of biology activities and computational modeling demonstrate that nanoparticles were targeted drug delivery system in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Fahimirad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Tăbăran AF, Matea CT, Mocan T, Tăbăran A, Mihaiu M, Iancu C, Mocan L. Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2231-2258. [PMID: 32280217 PMCID: PMC7127828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid emergence of aggressive, multidrug-resistant Mycobacteria strain represents the main cause of the current antimycobacterial-drug crisis and status of tuberculosis (TB) as a major global health problem. The relatively low-output of newly approved antibiotics contributes to the current orientation of research towards alternative antibacterial molecules such as advanced materials. Nanotechnology and nanoparticle research offers several exciting new-concepts and strategies which may prove to be valuable tools in improving the TB therapy. A new paradigm in antituberculous therapy using silver nanoparticles has the potential to overcome the medical limitations imposed in TB treatment by the drug resistance which is commonly reported for most of the current organic antibiotics. There is no doubt that AgNPs are promising future therapeutics for the medication of mycobacterial-induced diseases but the viability of this complementary strategy depends on overcoming several critical therapeutic issues as, poor delivery, variable intramacrophagic antimycobacterial efficiency, and residual toxicity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the pathology of mycobacterial-induced diseases, andhighlight the advantages and limitations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Flaviu Tăbăran
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Tudor Matea
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tăbăran
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Iancu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Third Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lu JQ, Zhu ZN, Zheng YT, Shaw PC. Engineering of Ribosome-inactivating Proteins for Improving Pharmacological Properties. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030167. [PMID: 32182799 PMCID: PMC7150887 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases, which depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop (α-SRL) of rRNA. This loop is important for anchoring elongation factor (EF-G for prokaryote or eEF2 for eukaryote) in mRNA translocation. Translation is inhibited after the attack. RIPs therefore may have been applied for anti-cancer, and anti-virus and other therapeutic applications. The main obstacles of treatment with RIPs include short plasma half-life, non-selective cytotoxicity and antigenicity. This review focuses on the strategies used to improve the pharmacological properties of RIPs on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancers. Coupling with polyethylene glycol (PEG) increases plasma time and reduces antigenicity. RIPs conjugated with antibodies to form immunotoxins increase the selective toxicity to target cells. The prospects for future development on the engineering of RIPs for improving their pharmacological properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, National Kunming High level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China;
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 99077, China; (J.-Q.L.); (Z.-N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Effective Therapeutic Drug Delivery by GALA3, an Endosomal Escape Peptide with Reduced Hydrophobicity. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:139-152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Amani H, Mostafavi E, Alebouyeh MR, Arzaghi H, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ. Would Colloidal Gold Nanocarriers Present An Effective Diagnosis Or Treatment For Ischemic Stroke? Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8013-8031. [PMID: 31632015 PMCID: PMC6789974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to evaluate OX26-PEG-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) (OX26@GNPs) as a novel targeted nanoparticulate system on cell survival after ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta sizer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to characterize the OX26@GNPs. The effect of OX26@GNPs on infarct volume, neuronal loss, and necroptosis was evaluated 24 h after reperfusion using 2, 3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Nissl staining and Western blot assay, respectively. RESULTS Conjugation of OX26-PEG to the surface of the 25 nm colloidal gold particles increased their size to 32±2 nm, while a zeta potential change of -40.4 to 3.40 mV remarkably increased the stability of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, OX26@GNPs significantly increased the infarcted brain tissue, while bare GNPs and PEGylated GNPs had no effect on the infarct volume. However, our results indicated an extension of necroptotic cell death, followed by cell membrane damage. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results showed that the presently formulated OX26@GNPs are not suitable nanocarriers nor contrast agents under oxidative stress for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. Moreover, our findings suggest that the cytotoxicity of GNPs in the brain is significantly associated with their surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Reza Alebouyeh
- Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arzaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Bagheri Y, Shafiei F, Chedid S, Zhao B, You M. Lipid-DNA conjugates for cell membrane modification, analysis, and regulation. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2019.1632454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sara Chedid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Sun W, Sun J, Zhang H, Meng Y, Li L, Li G, Zhang X, Meng Y. Chemosynthesis and characterization of site-specific N-terminally PEGylated Alpha-momorcharin as apotential agent. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17729. [PMID: 30531997 PMCID: PMC6286350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MC), a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Momordica charantia seeds, has been extensively studied for its antitumor, antiviral and antifungal activities. However, as an exogenous protein, problems associated with short half-life and strong immunogenicity have limited its clinical application. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), as a polyether compound, is a well established and efficient modifier to develop it as a potential agent. Nevertheless, conventional PEGylation is not site-controlled and the conjugates are often not homogenous due to the generation of multi-PEGylated derivatives. To obtain a homogenous mono-PEGylated α-MC, the PEGylation was carried out by coupling a 20 kDa mPEG-butyraldehyde (mPEG-ALD) with α-MC. The product was separated and purified by MacroCap SP chromatography. Results from SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the PEGylated α-MC consisted of one molecule mPEG and α-MC. Edman degradation confirmed that the N-terminal residue of α-MC was successfully coupled with mPEG-ALD. The mono-PEGylated α-MC possessed an extremely similar secondary structure to native α-MC through spectral analyses. In addition, it also showed low immunogenicity by double immunodiffusion and preserved moderate antitumor activity to three kinds of tumor cell lines in vitro. Finally, trypsin resistance was also considerably improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
| | - Yanfa Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Gangrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States.
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Shareef SNM, Chidambaram K, Pasha SKK. Structure, morphology and dielectric properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles reinforced biopolymer nanocomposites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1542726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. M. Shareef
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, TN, India
| | - K. Chidambaram
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, TN, India
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Identification and Characterization of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthetic Genes and Their Accumulation in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020469. [PMID: 29466305 PMCID: PMC6016960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids belong to a large group of secondary metabolites, and are considered to have antioxidant activity, which protects the cells against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the accumulation of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in bitter melon has rarely been studied. Here, we identify ten putative phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic genes in bitter melon. Most genes were highly expressed in leaves and/or flowers. HPLC analysis showed that rutin and epicatechin were the most abundant compounds in bitter melon. Rutin content was the highest in leaves, whereas epicatechin was highly accumulated in flowers and fruits. The accumulation patterns of trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, and rutin coincide with the expression patterns of McPAL, McC4H, McCOMT, McFLS, and Mc3GT, respectively, suggesting that these genes play important roles in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in bitter melon. In addition, we also investigated the optimum light conditions for enhancing phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and found that blue light was the most effective wavelength for enhanced accumulation of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in bitter melon.
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Jiang Y, Miao J, Wang D, Zhou J, Liu B, Jiao F, Liang J, Wang Y, Fan C, Zhang Q. MAP30 promotes apoptosis of U251 and U87 cells by suppressing the LGR5 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancing Smac expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5833-5840. [PMID: 29556310 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant antitumor activity of Momordica anti-human immunodeficiency virus protein of 30 kDa (MAP30) purified from Momordica charantia has been the subject of previous research. However, the effective mechanism of MAP30 on malignant glioma cells has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of MAP30 on U87 and U251 cell lines. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects on U87 and U251 cells treated with different concentrations of MAP30 (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µM) over different periods of time. Proliferation, migration and invasion of each cell line were markedly inhibited by MAP30 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and fluorescence staining demonstrated that apoptosis increased and the cell cycle was arrested in S-phase in the two investigated cell lines following MAP30 treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated that leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) expression and key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were apparently decreased, whereas second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) protein expression significantly increased with MAP30 treatment in the same manner. These results suggest that MAP30 markedly induces apoptosis in U87 and U251 cell lines by suppressing LGR5 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and enhancing Smac expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yangshuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Cungang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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17
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Cuong DM, Jeon J, Morgan AMA, Kim C, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park SU. Accumulation of Charantin and Expression of Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7240-7249. [PMID: 28737900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charantin, a natural cucurbitane type triterpenoid, has been reported to have beneficial pharmacological functions such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities. However, accumulation of charantin in bitter melon has been little studied. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in the triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in bitter melon seedlings. A total of 88,703 transcripts with an average length of 898 bp were identified in bitter melon seedlings. On the basis of a functional annotation, we identified 15 candidate genes encoding enzymes related to triterpenoid biosynthesis and analyzed their expression in different organs of mature plants. Most genes were highly expressed in flowers and/or fruit from the ripening stages. An HPLC analysis confirmed that the accumulation of charantin was highest in fruits from the ripening stage, followed by male flowers. The accumulation patterns of charantin coincide with the expression pattern of McSE and McCAS1, indicating that these genes play important roles in charantin biosynthesis in bitter melon. We also investigated optimum light conditions for enhancing charantin biosynthesis in bitter melon and found that red light was the most effective wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Abubaker M A Morgan
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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18
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Chang CD, Lin PY, Chen YC, Huang HH, Shih WL. Novel purification method and antibiotic activity of recombinant Momordica charantia MAP30. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28389897 PMCID: PMC5383789 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a group of enzymes originally isolated from plants that possess the ability to damage ribosomes in an irreversible manner, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we aimed to purify recombinant RIPs, investigate their function in the treatment of bacterial infection, and determine their toxicity in mice. We employed a pMAL protein fusion and purification system using E. coli transformed with a plasmid containing MBP-tagged MAP30 cDNA. MBP-tagged MAP30 was purified using a modified novel protocol to effectively produce highly active MAP30 of high purity. In an acute toxicity study in mice, no mortality occurred at doses lower than 1.25 mg/kg. MAP30 at both 0.42 and 0.14 mg/kg induced anti-MAP30 IgG, which reached a maximum titer at week 3. In conclusion, recombinant MAP30 prepared using our purification method possesses bioactivity, and has a synergistic bacteria-killing effect that can significantly reduce the required dosages of chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Therefore, when MAP30 is used in combination with chloramphenicol or erythromycin, it may of benefit in terms of reducing the side effects of the antibiotics, as lower concentrations of antibiotics are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Dong Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yuan Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Chia Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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19
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Mono-PEGylation of Alpha-MMC and MAP30 from Momordica charantia L.: Production, Identification and Anti-Tumor Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111457. [PMID: 27809255 PMCID: PMC6274223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylation is a well-established and effective strategy to decrease immunogenicity, which can increase the stability and in vivo half-life time. However, the generation of multi-site modified products is inevitable due to the lysine chemistry, which will bring difficulties in subsequent research, such as purification and quantification. Site-specific modification by mPEG-succinimidyl carbonate (mPEG-SC) is a widely used method for N-terminal conjugation. In this study, we used it for site-directed modification on two ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) and momordica anti-HIV protein (MAP30), from Momordica charantia L. According to the optimization of previous modification conditions, we compared Macro-Cap SP with SP-Sepharose FF chromatography for separating the final mPEGylated RIPs. Two kinds of methods both can obtain homogenous mPEGylated RIPs which were identified by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis. We also used iodine staining method to detect the amount of unmodified PEG. Furthermore, the inhibition activity of both mPEGylated and non-PEGylated RIPs against human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial A549 cells was detected. All of the results suggested that the mPEGylated α-MMC/MAP30 might be potentially developed as new anti-tumor drugs.
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20
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Au KY, Shi WW, Qian S, Zuo Z, Shaw PC. Improvement of the Pharmacological Properties of Maize RIP by Cysteine-Specific PEGylation. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100298. [PMID: 27763506 PMCID: PMC5086658 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the pharmacological properties of maize ribosome-inactivating protein (maize RIP) for targeting HIV-infected cells, the previously engineered TAT-fused active form of maize RIP (MOD) was further engineered for cysteine-directed PEGylation. In this work, two potential antigenic sites, namely Lys-78 and Lys-264, were identified. They were mutated to cysteine residue and conjugated with PEG5k or PEG20k. The resultant PEG derivatives of MOD variants were examined for ribosome-inactivating activity, circulating half-life and immunogenicity. Our results showed that MOD-PEG conjugates had two- to five-fold lower biological activity compared to the wild-type. Mutation of the two sites respectively did not decrease the anti-MOD IgG and IgE level in mice, but the conjugation of PEG did dramatically reduce the antigenicity. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that attachment of PEG20k prolonged the plasma half-life by five-fold for MOD-K78C and 17-fold for MOD-K264C, respectively. The site-specific mutation together with PEGylation therefore generated MOD derivatives with improved pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yee Au
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Shi
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
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21
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Moghadam A, Niazi A, Afsharifar A, Taghavi SM. Expression of a Recombinant Anti-HIV and Anti-Tumor Protein, MAP30, in Nicotiana tobacum Hairy Roots: A pH-Stable and Thermophilic Antimicrobial Protein. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159653. [PMID: 27459300 PMCID: PMC4961381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to conventional antibiotics, which microorganisms can readily evade, it is nearly impossible for a microbial strain that is sensitive to antimicrobial proteins to convert to a resistant strain. Therefore, antimicrobial proteins and peptides that are promising alternative candidates for the control of bacterial infections are under investigation. The MAP30 protein of Momordica charantia is a valuable type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities. Whereas the antimicrobial activity of some type I RIPs has been confirmed, less attention has been paid to the antimicrobial activity of MAP30 produced in a stable, easily handled, and extremely cost-effective protein-expression system. rMAP30-KDEL was expressed in Nicotiana tobacum hairy roots, and its effect on different microorganisms was investigated. Analysis of the extracted total proteins of transgenic hairy roots showed that rMAP30-KDEL was expressed effectively and that this protein exhibited significant antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner. rMAP30-KDEL also possessed thermal and pH stability. Bioinformatic analysis of MAP30 and other RIPs regarding their conserved motifs, amino-acid contents, charge, aliphatic index, GRAVY value, and secondary structures demonstrated that these factors accounted for their thermophilicity. Therefore, RIPs such as MAP30 and its derived peptides might have promising applications as food preservatives, and their analysis might provide useful insights into designing clinically applicable antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Taghavi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Malamatari M, Somavarapu S, Taylor KM, Buckton G. Solidification of nanosuspensions for the production of solid oral dosage forms and inhalable dry powders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:435-50. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1142524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:81-100. [PMID: 26968675 PMCID: PMC5276711 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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24
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Dang L, Van Damme EJM. Toxic proteins in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:51-64. [PMID: 26057229 PMCID: PMC7111729 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to synthesize a variety of noxious compounds to cope with unfavorable circumstances, among which a large group of toxic proteins that play a critical role in plant defense against predators and microbes. Up to now, a wide range of harmful proteins have been discovered in different plants, including lectins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, protease inhibitors, ureases, arcelins, antimicrobial peptides and pore-forming toxins. To fulfill their role in plant defense, these proteins exhibit various degrees of toxicity towards animals, insects, bacteria or fungi. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the toxic effects and mode of action of these plant proteins in order to explore their possible applications. Indeed, because of their biological activities, toxic plant proteins are also considered as potentially useful tools in crop protection and in biomedical applications, such as cancer treatment. Genes encoding toxic plant proteins have been introduced into crop genomes using genetic engineering technology in order to increase the plant's resistance against pathogens and diseases. Despite the availability of ample information on toxic plant proteins, very few publications have attempted to summarize the research progress made during the last decades. This review focuses on the diversity of toxic plant proteins in view of their toxicity as well as their mode of action. Furthermore, an outlook towards the biological role(s) of these proteins and their potential applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Dang
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Ghent University, Dept. Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory Biochemistry and Glycobiology, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Muñoz F, Caracciolo PC, Daleo G, Abraham GA, Guevara MG. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity of mono-PEGylated StAP3 ( Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3) forms. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 3:1-7. [PMID: 28626641 PMCID: PMC5466107 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
StAP3 is a plant aspartic protease with cytotoxic activity toward a broad spectrum of pathogens, including potato and human pathogen microorganisms, and cancer cells, but not against human T cells, human red blood cells or plant cells. For this reason, StAP3 could be a promising and potential drug candidate for future therapies. In this work, the improvement of the performance of StAP3 was achieved by means of a modification with PEG. The separation of a mono-PEGylated StAP3 fraction was easily performed by gel filtration chromatography. The mono-PEGylated StAP3 fraction was studied in terms of in vitro antimicrobial activity, exhibiting higher antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani spores and Bacillus cereus, but slightly lower activity against Escherichia coli than native protein. Such increase in antifungal activity has not been reported previously for a PEGylated plant protein. In addition, PEGylation did not affect the selective cytotoxicity of StAP3, since no hemolytic activity was observed.
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Key Words
- AMPPs, antimicrobial proteins and peptides
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- Antimicrobial protein
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PDA, potato dextrose agar
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEGylation
- Plant aspartic protease
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Selective cytotoxicity
- StAP3, Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3
- StAsp-PSI, plant-specific insert of potato aspartic protease
- hRBC, Fresh human red blood cells
- mPEG-SVA, succinimidyl valerate monomethoxy polyethylene glycol
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Muñoz
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Biological Research Institute, IIB (UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo C. Caracciolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Daleo
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Biological Research Institute, IIB (UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Abraham
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Gabriela Guevara
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Biological Research Institute, IIB (UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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26
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A novel method for simultaneous production of two ribosome-inactivating proteins, α-MMC and MAP30, from Momordica charantia L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101998. [PMID: 25003606 PMCID: PMC4086979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) and momordica anti-HIV protein (MAP30) from Momordica charantia L. have been confirmed to possess anti-tumor and anti-virus activities. Traditional purification methods of these two ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) were separate which was time consuming and cost effective as well as low efficient. In order to obtain sufficient samples for researches, a strategy combining ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography was developed and optimized in this study. Using this novel purification method, averagely 1162 mg of α-MMC and 535 mg of MAP30 were obtained from 400 g of Momordica charantia L seeds. The homogeneities of them were assessed by electrophoresis analysis. Determination of molecular weights of α-MMC and MAP30 were 28.585 kDa and 29.094 kDa by MALDI-TOF/TOF and pI were 9.02 and 9.12, respectively. The single glycoproteins were identified by Periodate-Schiff's base (PAS) and the saccharide content was tested to be 1.25% and 1.1% by anthrone-sulfuric acid method. Biological activities were evidenced by their ability to inhibit proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell and to convert supercoiled plasmid pUC18 into relaxed forms. Finally, we also found that both two RIPs exhibited no superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
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