1
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Mohn F, Exner M, Szwargulski P, Möddel M, Knopp T, Graeser M. Saline bolus for negative contrast perfusion imaging in magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:175026. [PMID: 37609892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is capable of high temporal resolution measurements of the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles and therefore well suited for perfusion imaging, which is an important tool in medical diagnosis. Perfusion imaging in MPI usually requires a fresh bolus of tracer material to capture the key signal dynamics. Here, we propose a method to decouple the imaging sequence from the injection of additional tracer material, without further increasing the administered iron dose in the body with each image.Approach.A bolus of physiological saline solution without any particles (negative contrast) diminishes the steady-state concentration of a long-circulating tracer during passage. This depression in the measured concentration contributes to the required contrast dynamics. The presence of a long-circulating tracer is therefore a prerequisite to obtain the negative contrast. As a quantitative tracer based imaging method, the signal is linear in the tracer concentration for any location that contains nanoparticles and zero in the surrounding tissue which does not provide any intrinsic signal. After tracer injection, the concentration over time (positive contrast) can be utilized to calculate dynamic diagnostic parameters like perfusion parameters in vessels and organs. Every acquired perfusion image thus requires a new bolus of tracer with a sufficiently large iron dose to be visible above the background.Main results.Perfusion parameters are calculated based on the time response of the proposed negative bolus and compared to a positive bolus. Results from phantom experiments show that normalized signals from positive and negative boli are concurrent and deviations of calculated perfusion maps are low.Significance.Our method opens up the possibility to increase the total monitoring time of a future patient by utilizing a positive-negative contrast sequence, while minimizing the iron dose per acquired image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mohn
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Exner
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patryk Szwargulski
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Möddel
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Knopp
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-based Medicine, IMTE, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-based Medicine, IMTE, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Duong HTK, Abdibastami A, Gloag L, Barrera L, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. A guide to the design of magnetic particle imaging tracers for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13890-13914. [PMID: 36004758 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01897g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel and emerging non-invasive technique that promises to deliver high quality images, no radiation, high depth penetration and nearly no background from tissues. Signal intensity and spatial resolution in MPI are heavily dependent on the properties of tracers. Hence the selection of these nanoparticles for various applications in MPI must be carefully considered to achieve optimum results. In this review, we will provide an overview of the principle of MPI and the key criteria that are required for tracers in order to generate the best signals. Nanoparticle materials such as magnetite, metal ferrites, maghemite, zero valent iron@iron oxide core@shell, iron carbide and iron-cobalt alloy nanoparticles will be discussed as well as their synthetic pathways. Since surface modifications play an important role in enabling the use of these tracers for biomedical applications, coating options including the transfer from organic to inorganic media will also be discussed. Finally, we will discuss different biomedical applications and provide our insights into the most suitable tracer for each of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Kim Duong
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Liam Barrera
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Harvell-Smith S, Tung LD, Thanh NTK. Magnetic particle imaging: tracer development and the biomedical applications of a radiation-free, sensitive, and quantitative imaging modality. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3658-3697. [PMID: 35080544 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tracer-based modality that enables real-time three-dimensional imaging of the non-linear magnetisation produced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), in the presence of an external oscillating magnetic field. As a technique, it produces highly sensitive radiation-free tomographic images with absolute quantitation. Coupled with a high contrast, as well as zero signal attenuation at-depth, there are essentially no limitations to where that can be imaged within the body. These characteristics enable various biomedical applications of clinical interest. In the opening sections of this review, the principles of image generation are introduced, along with a detailed comparison of the fundamental properties of this technique with other common imaging modalities. The main feature is a presentation on the up-to-date literature for the development of SPIONs tailored for improved imaging performance, and developments in the current and promising biomedical applications of this emerging technique, with a specific focus on theranostics, cell tracking and perfusion imaging. Finally, we will discuss recent progress in the clinical translation of MPI. As signal detection in MPI is almost entirely dependent on the properties of the SPION employed, this work emphasises the importance of tailoring the synthetic process to produce SPIONs demonstrating specific properties and how this impacts imaging in particular applications and MPI's overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Harvell-Smith
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Le Duc Tung
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, University College London, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
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4
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Gerwing M, Krähling T, Schliemann C, Harrach S, Schwöppe C, Berdel AF, Klein S, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Heindel WL, Lenz G, Berdel WE, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Immediate Target Hit Assessment of CD13-Targeted Tissue Factor tTF-NGR in Advanced Malignant Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235880. [PMID: 34884988 PMCID: PMC8657298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the knowledge of tumor biology has advanced, a variety of targeted therapies has been developed. These do not immediately affect the tumor size, so optimized oncological imaging is needed. In this phase I study of patients with advanced malignant disease, a multiparametric imaging approach was used to assess changes in tumor perfusion after vessel-occluding therapy with the CD13 targeted truncated tissue factor with a C-terminal NGR-peptide. It comprises different sequences and the use of two different contrast media, ferucarbotran and gadobutrol. This multiparametric MRI protocol enables assessing the therapy effectiveness as early as five hours after therapy initiation. Abstract Early assessment of target hit in anti-cancer therapies is a major task in oncologic imaging. In this study, immediate target hit and effectiveness of CD13-targeted tissue factor tTF-NGR in patients with advanced malignant disease enrolled in a phase I trial was assessed using a multiparametric MRI protocol. Seventeen patients with advanced solid malignancies were enrolled in the trial and received tTF-NGR for at least one cycle of five daily infusions. Tumor target lesions were imaged with multiparametric MRI before therapy initiation, five hours after the first infusion and after five days. The imaging protocol comprised ADC, calculated from DWI, and DCE imaging and vascular volume fraction (VVF) assessment. DCE and VVF values decreased within 5 h after therapy initiation, indicating early target hit with a subsequent decrease in tumor perfusion due to selective tumor vessel occlusion and thrombosis induced by tTF-NGR. Simultaneously, ADC values increased at five hours after tTF-NGR administration. In four patients, treatment had to be stopped due to an increase in troponin T hs, with subsequent anticoagulation. In these patients, a reversed effect, with DCE and VVF values increasing and ADC values decreasing, was observed after anticoagulation. Changes in imaging parameters were independent of the mean vessel density determined by immunohistochemistry. By using a multiparametric imaging approach, changes in tumor perfusion after initiation of a tumor vessel occluding therapy can be evaluated as early as five hours after therapy initiation, enabling early assessment of target hit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.K.); (W.L.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tobias Krähling
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.K.); (W.L.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Andrew F. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (S.K.); (W.H.); (E.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (S.K.); (W.H.); (E.W.)
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (S.K.); (W.H.); (E.W.)
| | - Walter L. Heindel
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.K.); (W.L.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (C.S.); (S.H.); (C.S.); (A.F.B.); (G.L.); (W.E.B.)
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (T.K.); (W.L.H.); (M.W.)
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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5
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Liu S, Chiu-Lam A, Rivera-Rodriguez A, DeGroff R, Savliwala S, Sarna N, Rinaldi-Ramos CM. Long circulating tracer tailored for magnetic particle imaging. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:348-361. [PMID: 33850693 PMCID: PMC8040827 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.58548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) tracers possessing long blood circulation time and tailored for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) performance are crucial for the development of this emerging molecular imaging modality. Here, single-core SPION MPI tracers coated with covalently bonded polyethyelene glycol (PEG) brushes were obtained using a semi-batch thermal decomposition synthesis with controlled addition of molecular oxygen, followed by an optimized PEG-silane ligand exchange procedure. The physical and magnetic properties, MPI performance, and blood circulation time of these newly synthesized tracers were compared to those of two commercially available SPIONs that were not tailored for MPI but are used for MPI: ferucarbotran and PEG-coated Synomag®-D. The new tailored tracer has MPI sensitivity that is ~3-times better than the commercial tracer ferucarbotran and much longer circulation half-life than both commercial tracers (t1/2=6.99 h for the new tracer, vs t1/2=0.59 h for ferucarbotran, and t1/2=0.62 h for PEG-coated Synomag®-D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andreina Chiu-Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Angelie Rivera-Rodriguez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA
| | - Ryan DeGroff
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA
| | - Shehaab Savliwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Nicole Sarna
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA
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6
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In vivo magnetic particle imaging: angiography of inferior vena cava and aorta in rats using newly developed multicore particles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17247. [PMID: 33057029 PMCID: PMC7560824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality, which maps the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in 3D with high temporal resolution. It thus may be suited for cardiovascular imaging. Its sensitivity and spatial resolution critically depend on the magnetic properties of MNP. Therefore, we used novel multicore nanoparticles (MCP 3) for in-vivo MPI in rats and analyzed dose requirements, sensitivity and detail resolution. 8 rats were examined using a preclinical MPI scanner (Bruker Biospin GmbH, Germany) equipped with a separate receive coil. MCP 3 and Resovist were administered intravenously (i.v.) into the rats' tail veins at doses of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 mmol Fe/kg followed by serial MPI acquisition with a temporal resolution of 46 volumes per second. Based on a qualitative visual scoring system MCP 3-MPI images showed a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher image quality than Resovist-MPI images. Morphological features such as vessel lumen diameters (DL) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and abdominal aorta (AA) could be assessed along a 2-cm segment in mesenteric area only after administration of MCP 3 at dosages of 0.1, 0.05 mmol Fe/kg. The mean DL ± SD estimated was 2.7 ± 0.6 mm for IVC and 2.4 ± 0.7 mm for AA. Evaluation of DL of the IVC and AA was not possible in Resovist-MPI images. Our results show, that MCP 3 provide better image quality at a lower dosage than Resovist. MCP 3-MPI with a clinically acceptable dose of 0.05 mmol Fe/kg increased the visibility of vessel lumens compared to Resovist-based MPI towards possible detection of vascular abnormalities such as stenosis or aneurysms, in vivo.
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7
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Liang X, Wang K, Du J, Tian J, Zhang H. The first visualization of chemotherapy-induced tumor apoptosis via magnetic particle imaging in a mouse model. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:195004. [PMID: 32764190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abad7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Imaging technologies that allow non-radiative visualization and quantification of apoptosis have a great potential for assessing therapy response, early diagnosis, and disease monitoring. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), the direct imaging of magnetic nanoparticles as positive contrast agent and sole signal source, enables high image contrast (no tissue background signal), potential high sensitivity, and quantifiable signal intensity. These properties confer a great potential for application to tumor apoptosis monitoring. In this study, a simple and robust method was used to conjugate Alexa Fluor 647-AnnexinV (AF647-Anx), which can avidly bind to apoptotic cells, to superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, termed AF647-Anx-SPIO, which serves as an MPI-detectable tracer. Based on this apoptosis-specific tracer, MPI can accurately and unambiguously detect and quantify apoptotic tumor cells. AF647-Anx-SPIO showed relatively high affinity for apoptotic cells, and differences in binding between treated (apoptotic rate 67.21% ± 1.36%) and untreated (apoptotic rate 10.12 ± 0.11%) cells could be detected by MPI in vitro (P < 0.05). Moreover, the imaging signal was almost proportional to the number of apoptotic cells determined using an MPI scanner (R 2 = 0.99). There was a greater accumulation of AF647-Anx-SPIO in tumors of drug-treated animals than in tumors of untreated animals (P < 0.05), and the difference could be detected by MPI ex vivo, while for in vivo imaging, no MPI imaging signal was detected in either group. Overall, this preliminary study demonstrates that MPI could be a potential imaging modality for tumor apoptosis imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Radiology, First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Mangarova DB, Brangsch J, Mohtashamdolatshahi A, Kosch O, Paysen H, Wiekhorst F, Klopfleisch R, Buchholz R, Karst U, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Hamm B, Makowski MR. Ex vivo magnetic particle imaging of vascular inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm in a murine model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12410. [PMID: 32709967 PMCID: PMC7381631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are currently one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Inflammation is crucial in the disease progression, having a substantial impact on various determinants in AAAs development. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an innovative imaging modality, enabling the highly sensitive detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), suitable as surrogate marker for molecular targeting of vascular inflammation. For this study, Apolipoprotein E-deficient-mice underwent surgical implantation of osmotic minipumps with constant Angiotensin II infusion. After 3 and 4 weeks respectively, in-vivo-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ex-vivo-MPI and ex-vivo-magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) were performed. The results were validated by histological analysis, immunohistology and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. MR-angiography enabled the visualization of aneurysmal development and dilatation in the experimental group. A close correlation (R = 0.87) with histological area assessment was measured. Ex-vivo-MPS revealed abundant iron deposits in AAA samples and ex-vivo histopathology measurements were in good agreement (R = 0.76). Ex-vivo-MPI and MPS results correlated greatly (R = 0.99). CD68-immunohistology stain and Perls’-Prussian-Blue-stain confirmed the colocalization of macrophages and MNPs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of ex-vivo-MPI for detecting inflammation in AAA. The quantitative ability for mapping MNPs establishes MPI as a promising tool for monitoring inflammatory progression in AAA in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana B Mangarova
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Brangsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, Building 21, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Azadeh Mohtashamdolatshahi
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Paysen
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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9
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Kratz H, Mohtashamdolatshahi A, Eberbeck D, Kosch O, Hauptmann R, Wiekhorst F, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Schnorr J. MPI Phantom Study with A High-Performing Multicore Tracer Made by Coprecipitation. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101466. [PMID: 31623127 PMCID: PMC6835925 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technique that detects the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with the option of high temporal resolution. MPI relies on particular MNP as tracers with tailored characteristics for improvement of sensitivity and image resolution. For this reason, we developed optimized multicore particles (MCP 3) made by coprecipitation via synthesis of green rust and subsequent oxidation to iron oxide cores consisting of a magnetite/maghemite mixed phase. MCP 3 shows high saturation magnetization close to that of bulk maghemite and provides excellent magnetic particle spectroscopy properties which are superior to Resovist® and any other up to now published MPI tracers made by coprecipitation. To evaluate the MPI characteristics of MCP 3 two kinds of tube phantoms were prepared and investigated to assess sensitivity, spatial resolution, artifact severity, and selectivity. Resovist® was used as standard of comparison. For image reconstruction, the regularization factor was optimized, and the resulting images were investigated in terms of quantifying of volumes and iron content. Our results demonstrate the superiority of MCP 3 over Resovist® for all investigated MPI characteristics and suggest that MCP 3 is promising for future experimental in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Kratz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Azadeh Mohtashamdolatshahi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Olaf Kosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Radiology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Tracking the Growth of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with an In-Situ Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (INSPECT). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10538. [PMID: 31332261 PMCID: PMC6646392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) is a measurement technique to determine the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in an oscillating magnetic field as applied in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). State of the art MPS devices are solely capable of measuring the magnetization response of the SPIONs to an oscillatory magnetic excitation retrospectively, i.e. after the synthesis process. In this contribution, a novel in-situ magnetic particle spectrometer (INSPECT) is presented, which can be used to monitor the entire synthesis process from particle genesis via growth to the stable colloidal suspension of the nanoparticles in real time. The device is suitable for the use in a biochemistry environment. It has a chamber size of 72 mm such that a 100 ml reaction flask can be used for synthesis. For an alkaline-based precipitation, the change of magnetic properties of SPIONs during the nucleation and growth phase of the synthesis is demonstrated. The device is able to record the changes in the amplitude and phase spectra, and, in turn, the hysteresis. Hence, it is a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle formation dynamics during the synthesis process.
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11
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Human-sized magnetic particle imaging for brain applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1936. [PMID: 31028253 PMCID: PMC6486595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the brain perfusion is an important task for diagnosis of vascular diseases such as occlusions and intracerebral haemorrhage. Even after successful diagnosis, there is a high risk of restenosis or rebleeding such that patients need intense attention in the days after treatment. Within this work, we present a diagnostic tomographic imager that allows access to brain perfusion quantitatively in short intervals. The device is based on the magnetic particle imaging technology and is designed for human scale. It is highly sensitive and allows the detection of an iron concentration of 263 pmolFe ml-1, which is one of the lowest iron concentrations imaged by MPI so far. The imager is self-shielded and can be used in unshielded environments such as intensive care units. In combination with the low technical requirements this opens up a variety of medical applications and would allow monitoring of stroke on intensive care units.
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12
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Teeman E, Shasha C, Evans JE, Krishnan KM. Intracellular dynamics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7771-7780. [PMID: 30951062 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are a foundational platform for a variety of biomedical applications. Of particular interest is Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), which is a growing area of research and development due to its advantages including high resolution and sensitivity with positive contrast. There has been significant work in the area of in vivo optimization of SPIONs for MPI as well as their biodistribution in and clearance from the body. However, little is known about the dynamics of SPIONs following cellular internalization which may limit their usefulness in a variety of potential imaging and treatment applications. This work shows a clear 20% decrease in magnetic performance of SPIONs, as observed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS), after internalization and systematic consideration of applicable factors that affect SPION signal generation, including microstructure, environment, and interparticle interactions. There is no observed change to SPION microstructure after internalization, and the surrounding environment plays little to no role in magnetic response for the SPIONs studied here. Interparticle interactions described by dipole-dipole coupling of SPIONs held close to one another after internalization are shown to be the dominant cause of decreased magnetic performance in cells. These conclusions were drawn from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis at relevant length scales, experimentally prepared and characterized SPIONs in varied environmental conditions, and theoretical modeling with Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Teeman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Wu LC, Zhang Y, Steinberg G, Qu H, Huang S, Cheng M, Bliss T, Du F, Rao J, Song G, Pisani L, Doyle T, Conolly S, Krishnan K, Grant G, Wintermark M. A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:206-212. [PMID: 30655254 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging is an emerging tomographic technique with the potential for simultaneous high-resolution, high-sensitivity, and real-time imaging. Magnetic particle imaging is based on the unique behavior of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modeled by the Langevin theory, with the ability to track and quantify nanoparticle concentrations without tissue background noise. It is a promising new imaging technique for multiple applications, including vascular and perfusion imaging, oncology imaging, cell tracking, inflammation imaging, and trauma imaging. In particular, many neuroimaging applications may be enabled and enhanced with magnetic particle imaging. In this review, we will provide an overview of magnetic particle imaging principles and implementation, current applications, promising neuroimaging applications, and practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Wu
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (L.C.W.)
| | - Y Zhang
- Radiology (Y.Z., H.Q., S.H., M.W.)
| | - G Steinberg
- Neurosurgery (G.S., M.C., T.B., F.D., G.G.).,Neuroradiology Section, Radiology (J.R., G.S., L.P.)
| | - H Qu
- Radiology (Y.Z., H.Q., S.H., M.W.)
| | - S Huang
- Radiology (Y.Z., H.Q., S.H., M.W.).,Chongqing Medical University (S.H.), Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Chongqing, China
| | - M Cheng
- Neurosurgery (G.S., M.C., T.B., F.D., G.G.)
| | - T Bliss
- Neurosurgery (G.S., M.C., T.B., F.D., G.G.)
| | - F Du
- Neurosurgery (G.S., M.C., T.B., F.D., G.G.)
| | - J Rao
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology (J.R., G.S., L.P.)
| | - G Song
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (L.C.W.)
| | - L Pisani
- Neuroradiology Section, Radiology (J.R., G.S., L.P.)
| | - T Doyle
- Pediatrics (T.D.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - S Conolly
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (S.C.), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - K Krishnan
- Departments of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Physics (K.K.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - G Grant
- Neurosurgery (G.S., M.C., T.B., F.D., G.G.)
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Bakenecker AC, Ahlborg M, Debbeler C, Kaethner C, Buzug TM, Lüdtke-Buzug K. Magnetic particle imaging in vascular medicine. Innov Surg Sci 2018; 3:179-192. [PMID: 31579782 PMCID: PMC6604583 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2018-2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging technique that enables three-dimensional real-time imaging of a magnetic tracer material. Although it is not yet in clinical use, it is highly promising, especially for vascular and interventional imaging. The advantages of MPI are that no ionizing radiation is necessary, its high sensitivity enables the detection of very small amounts of the tracer material, and its high temporal resolution enables real-time imaging, which makes MPI suitable as an interventional imaging technique. As MPI is a tracer-based imaging technique, functional imaging is possible by attaching specific molecules to the tracer material. In the first part of this article, the basic principle of MPI will be explained and a short overview of the principles of the generation and spatial encoding of the tracer signal will be given. After this, the used tracer materials as well as their behavior in MPI will be introduced. A subsequent presentation of selected scanner topologies will show the current state of research and the limitations researchers are facing on the way from preclinical toward human-sized scanners. Furthermore, it will be briefly shown how to reconstruct an image from the tracer materials' signal. In the last part, a variety of possible future clinical applications will be presented with an emphasis on vascular imaging, such as the use of MPI during cardiovascular interventions by visualizing the instruments. Investigations will be discussed, which show the feasibility to quantify the degree of stenosis and diagnose strokes and traumatic brain injuries as well as cerebral or gastrointestinal bleeding with MPI. As MPI is not only suitable for vascular medicine but also offers a broad range of other possible applications, a selection of those will be briefly presented at the end of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Bakenecker
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christina Debbeler
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Kaethner
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M. Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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15
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Wegner F, Friedrich T, Panagiotopoulos N, Valmaa S, Goltz JP, Vogt FM, Koch MA, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Haegele J. First heating measurements of endovascular stents in magnetic particle imaging. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:045005. [PMID: 29334079 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa79c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Wegner
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Towards Picogram Detection of Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Particles Using a Gradiometric Receive Coil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6872. [PMID: 28761103 PMCID: PMC5537232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles can be used in medical applications like vascular or targeted imaging. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising tomographic imaging technique that allows visualizing the 3D nanoparticle distribution concentration in a non-invasive manner. The two main strengths of MPI are high temporal resolution and high sensitivity. While the first has been proven in the assessment of dynamic processes like cardiac imaging, it is unknown how far the detection limit of MPI can be lowered. Within this work, we will present a highly sensitive gradiometric receive-coil unit combined with a noise-matching network tailored for the imaging of mice. The setup is capable of detecting 5 ng of iron in-vitro with an acquisition time of 2.14 sec. In terms of iron concentration we are able to detect 156 μg/L marking the lowest value that has been reported for an MPI scanner so far. In-vivo MPI mouse images of a 512 ng bolus and a 21.5 ms acquisition time allow for capturing the flow of an intravenously injected tracer through the heart of a mouse. Since it has been rather difficult to compare detection limits across MPI publications we propose guidelines to improve the comparability of future MPI studies.
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17
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Kaul MG, Mummert T, Jung C, Salamon J, Khandhar AP, Ferguson RM, Kemp SJ, Ittrich H, Krishnan KM, Adam G, Knopp T. In vitro and in vivo comparison of a tailored magnetic particle imaging blood pool tracer with Resovist. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:3454-3469. [PMID: 28060771 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Optimizing tracers for individual imaging techniques is an active field of research. The purpose of this study was to perform in vitro and in vivo magnetic particle imaging (MPI) measurements using a new monodisperse and size-optimized tracer, LS-008, and to compare it with the performance of Resovist, the standard MPI tracer. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and in vitro MPI measurements were performed in concerns of concentration and amount of tracer in a phantom. In vivo studies were carried out in healthy FVB mice. The first group (n = 3) received 60 µl LS-008 (87 mM) and the second (n = 3) diluted Resovist of the same concentration and volume. Tracer injections were performed with a syringe pump during a dynamic MPI scan. For anatomic referencing MRI was applied beforehand of the MPI measurements. Summing up MPS examinations and in vitro MPI experiments, LS-008 showed better sensitivity and spatial resolution than Resovist. In vivo both tracers can visualize the propagation of the bolus through the inferior vena cava. MPI with LS-008 did show less temporal fluctuation artifacts and the pulsation of blood due to respiratory and cardiac cycle was detectable. With LS-008 the aorta was distinguishable from the caval vein while with Resovist this failed. A liver vessel and a vessel structure leading cranially could only be observed with LS-008 and not with Resovist. Beside these structural advantages both tracers showed very different blood half-life. For LS-008 we found 88 min. Resovist did show a fast liver accumulation and a half-life of 13 min. Only with LS-008 the perfusion fraction in liver and kidney was measureable. MPI for angiography can be significantly improved by applying more effective tracers. LS-008 shows a clear improvement concerning the delineation while resolving a larger number of vessels in comparison to Resovist. Therefore, in aspects of quality and quantity LS-008 is clearly favorable for angiographic and perfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gerhard Kaul
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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18
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Vaalma S, Rahmer J, Panagiotopoulos N, Duschka RL, Borgert J, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Haegele J. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI): Experimental Quantification of Vascular Stenosis Using Stationary Stenosis Phantoms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168902. [PMID: 28056102 PMCID: PMC5215859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Because of that, MPI is proposed to be a promising future method for cardiovascular imaging. Here, an interesting application may be the quantification of vascular pathologies like stenosis by utilizing the proportionality of the SPIO concentration and the MPI signal strength. In this study, the feasibility of MPI based stenosis quantification is evaluated based on this application scenario. Nine different stenosis phantoms with a normal diameter of 10 mm each and different stenoses of 1–9 mm and ten reference phantoms with a straight diameter of 1–10 mm were filled with a 1% Resovist dilution and measured in a preclinical MPI-demonstrator. The MPI signal intensities of the reference phantoms were compared to each other and the change of signal intensity within each stenosis phantom was used to calculate the degree of stenosis. These values were then compared to the known diameters of each phantom. As a second measurement, the 5 mm stenosis phantom was used for a serial dilution measurement down to a Resovist dilution of 1:3200 (0.031%), which is lower than a first pass blood concentration of a Resovist bolus in the peripheral arteries of an average adult human of at least about 1:1000. The correlation of the stenosis values based on MPI signal intensity measurements and based on the known diameters showed a very good agreement, proving the high precision of quantitative MPI in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaalma
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rahmer
- Research Laboratories, Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert L. Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörn Borgert
- Research Laboratories, Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M. Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Accumulation and Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cells and Experimental Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081193. [PMID: 27548152 PMCID: PMC5000591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of negatively charged superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal influenced by SPIONs injected into experimental animals, were visualized and investigated. Cellular uptake and distribution of the SPIONs in NIH3T3 after staining with Prussian Blue were investigated by a bright-field microscope equipped with digital color camera. SPIONs were localized in vesicles, mostly placed near the nucleus. Toxicity of SPION nanoparticles tested with cell viability assay (XTT) was estimated. The viability of NIH3T3 cells remains approximately 95% within 3–24 h of incubation, and only a slight decrease of viability was observed after 48 h of incubation. MRI studies on Wistar rats using a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner were showing that SPIONs give a negative contrast in the MRI. The dynamic MRI measurements of the SPION clearance from the injection site shows that SPIONs slowly disappear from injection sites and only a low concentration of nanoparticles was completely eliminated within three weeks. No functionalized SPIONs accumulate in cells by endocytic mechanism, none accumulate in the nucleus, and none are toxic at a desirable concentration. Therefore, they could be used as a dual imaging agent: as contrast agents for MRI and for traditional optical biopsy by using Prussian Blue staining.
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Salamon J, Hofmann M, Jung C, Kaul MG, Werner F, Them K, Reimer R, Nielsen P, vom Scheidt A, Adam G, Knopp T, Ittrich H. Magnetic Particle / Magnetic Resonance Imaging: In-Vitro MPI-Guided Real Time Catheter Tracking and 4D Angioplasty Using a Road Map and Blood Pool Tracer Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156899. [PMID: 27249022 PMCID: PMC4889036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In-vitro evaluation of the feasibility of 4D real time tracking of endovascular devices and stenosis treatment with a magnetic particle imaging (MPI) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) road map approach and an MPI-guided approach using a blood pool tracer. Materials and Methods A guide wire and angioplasty-catheter were labeled with a thin layer of magnetic lacquer. For real time MPI a custom made software framework was developed. A stenotic vessel phantom filled with saline or superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MM4) was equipped with bimodal fiducial markers for co-registration in preclinical 7T MRI and MPI. In-vitro angioplasty was performed inflating the balloon with saline or MM4. MPI data were acquired using a field of view of 37.3×37.3×18.6 mm3 and a frame rate of 46 volumes/sec. Analysis of the magnetic lacquer-marks on the devices were performed with electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and micro-computed tomography. Results Magnetic marks allowed for MPI/MRI guidance of interventional devices. Bimodal fiducial markers enable MPI/MRI image fusion for MRI based roadmapping. MRI roadmapping and the blood pool tracer approach facilitate MPI real time monitoring of in-vitro angioplasty. Successful angioplasty was verified with MPI and MRI. Magnetic marks consist of micrometer sized ferromagnetic plates mainly composed of iron and iron oxide. Conclusions 4D real time MP imaging, tracking and guiding of endovascular instruments and in-vitro angioplasty is feasible. In addition to an approach that requires a blood pool tracer, MRI based roadmapping might emerge as a promising tool for radiation free 4D MPI-guided interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Salamon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Hofmann
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerhard Kaul
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Microscopy and Image Analysis, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Knopp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Imai K, Kawaharada Y, Ogawa JI, Saito H, Kudo S, Takashima S, Saito Y, Atari M, Ito A, Terata K, Yoshino K, Sato Y, Motoyama S, Minamiya Y. Development of a New Magnetometer for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Designed for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Surg Innov 2015; 22:401-5. [PMID: 25940853 DOI: 10.1177/1553350615585421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed a method for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on the magnetic force produced by a magnetite tracer already approved for use as a contrast material for magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is difficult to use that technique with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) because the sensing element of the magnetometer is large and thick. The purpose of the present study was to develop a smaller, thinner VATS-compatible magnetometer. METHODS The tracer employed was Ferucarbotran, a colloidal solution of superparamagnetic iron oxide coated with carbodextran. Fifteen patients with clinical stage I NSCLC were enrolled, and each received 1.6 mL of Ferucarbotran, injected intraoperatively at 5 points around the tumor. The magnetic force within the sampling lymph nodes was measured using the new VATS-compatible magnetometer. RESULTS SLNs were detected in 11 (73.3%) of the 15 patients using the VATS-compatible magnetometer. The average number of SLNs identified per patient was 1.8 (range 0-4). No complications related to the SLN detection method were observed. CONCLUSIONS The new VATS-compatible magnetometer appears to have substantial advantages over techniques using a radioisotope and our earlier magnetometer, as it can be inserted through the small VATS port site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Imai
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Ogawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hajime Saito
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kudo
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | - Maiko Atari
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Aki Ito
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kaori Terata
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshino
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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23
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Panagiotopoulos N, Duschka RL, Ahlborg M, Bringout G, Debbeler C, Graeser M, Kaethner C, Lüdtke-Buzug K, Medimagh H, Stelzner J, Buzug TM, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM, Haegele J. Magnetic particle imaging: current developments and future directions. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3097-114. [PMID: 25960650 PMCID: PMC4411024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s70488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging method that was first proposed by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005. Applying static and dynamic magnetic fields, MPI exploits the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs’ response allows a three-dimensional visualization of their distribution in space with a superb contrast, a very high temporal and good spatial resolution. Essentially, it is the SPIONs’ superparamagnetic characteristics, the fact that they are magnetically saturable, and the harmonic composition of the SPIONs’ response that make MPI possible at all. As SPIONs are the essential element of MPI, the development of customized nanoparticles is pursued with the greatest effort by many groups. Their objective is the creation of a SPION or a conglomerate of particles that will feature a much higher MPI performance than nanoparticles currently available commercially. A particle’s MPI performance and suitability is characterized by parameters such as the strength of its MPI signal, its biocompatibility, or its pharmacokinetics. Some of the most important adjuster bolts to tune them are the particles’ iron core and hydrodynamic diameter, their anisotropy, the composition of the particles’ suspension, and their coating. As a three-dimensional, real-time imaging modality that is free of ionizing radiation, MPI appears ideally suited for applications such as vascular imaging and interventions as well as cellular and targeted imaging. A number of different theories and technical approaches on the way to the actual implementation of the basic concept of MPI have been seen in the last few years. Research groups around the world are working on different scanner geometries, from closed bore systems to single-sided scanners, and use reconstruction methods that are either based on actual calibration measurements or on theoretical models. This review aims at giving an overview of current developments and future directions in MPI about a decade after its first appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Robert L Duschka
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mandy Ahlborg
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gael Bringout
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Graeser
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanne Medimagh
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Stelzner
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Buzug
- Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian Haegele
- Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
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Khandhar AP, Kemp SJ, Ferguson RM, Krishnan KM. Tunable in vivo circulation characteristics of PEGylated MPI tracers. ... INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING 2015; 2015:10.1109/IWMPI.2015.7107011. [PMID: 26618195 PMCID: PMC4662404 DOI: 10.1109/iwmpi.2015.7107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kannan M Krishnan
- University of Washington, Materials Science & Engineering, Seattle WA 98195
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