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Liu Y, Hao Q, Zhou J, Wu J. A comprehensive meta-analysis of risk factors associated with osteosarcopenic obesity: a closer look at gender, lifestyle and comorbidities. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:759-773. [PMID: 38224388 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-07007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed the risk factors of Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), a condition linking weak bones, muscle loss, and obesity. Notable associations were found with female gender, physical inactivity, hypertension, and frailty. Recognizing these early can aid targeted prevention, emphasizing further research for improved understanding and strategies. PURPOSE Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) represents a confluence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality risks. Despite escalating prevalence, its risk factors remain under-explored, necessitating this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A diligent search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted for pertinent studies until June 2023. The random-effects model was employed to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), scrutinizing various risk factors like age, gender, lifestyle factors, and common comorbidities. RESULTS Our meta-analysis incorporated 21 studies comprising 178,546 participants. We identified significant associations between OSO and factors such as female gender (OR 1.756, 95% CI 1.081 to 2.858), physical inactivity (OR 1.562, 95% CI 1.127-2.165), and hypertension (OR 1.482, 95% CI 1.207-1.821). Conversely, smoking (OR 0.854, 95% CI 0.672-1.084), alcohol consumption (OR 0.703, 95% CI 0.372-1.328), and dyslipidemia (OR 1.345, 95% CI 0.982-1.841) showed no significant associations. Remarkable heterogeneity was observed across studies, indicating considerable variation in effect sizes. Notably, OSO was strongly associated with frailty (OR 6.091; 95% CI 3.576-10.375). CONCLUSIONS Our study underscored the substantial role of female gender, physical inactivity, and hypertension in the development of OSO, whilst suggesting a strong link between OSO and frailty. These findings emphasize the importance of early risk factor identification and targeted interventions in these groups. Further research is warranted to decode the complex pathophysiological interplay and devise effective prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjian Hao
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhou
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Juan Peng D, Gao FQ, Lou Y, Ma Y, Xia T. Analysis of related factors for sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly inpatients and development and validation of a nomogram. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:245. [PMID: 38539146 PMCID: PMC10976804 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarco-osteoporosis is a skeletal muscle disease associated with aging and complex pathological factors. At present, there are few studies on the analysis of its related factors, and a nomogram to estimate the risk of sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients is not available. METHODS A total of 386 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 were collected, and the general demographic data and clinical data of the patients were collected.386 subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 7:3. In the training set, the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression technique was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the factors associated with sarco-osteoporosis, and a nomogram was constructed using meaningful variables from multivariate analysis. The performance of the nomograms was assessed and validated by Area Under Curve (AUC) and calibration curves. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline characteristic of individuals in training set and validation set, six variables with non-zero coefficients were screened based on LASSO regression in the training set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors for sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly inpatients included age (OR = 1.08, 95%CI 1.03 ∼ 1.14), regular exercise (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.15 ∼ 0.56), albumin (OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.82 ∼ 0.98), height (OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.88 ∼ 0.99) and lean mass index (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.52 ∼ 0.85), and a nomogram was constructed based on the above factors. AUC of nomogram were 0.868(95%CI 0.825 ∼ 0.912) in the training set and 0.737(95%CI 0.646 ∼ 0.828) in the validation set. Calibration curve analysis showed that the predicted probability of sarco-osteoporosis had high consistency with the actual probability, and the absolute error of the training set and verification set was 0.018 and 0.03, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our research showed that the occurrence of sarco-osteoporosis was associated with age, regular exercise, albumin, height and lean mass index, and we have developed a nomogram that can be effectively used in the preliminary and in-depth risk prediction of sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Juan Peng
- Nursing department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Qiong Gao
- Nursing department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yijiao Lou
- Zheng 'an County People's Hospital, Zheng'an, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Nursing department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tongxia Xia
- Nursing department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
- School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University, Honghuagang District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Wu B, Huang D, Yi Z, Yu F, Liu L, Tang X, Jing K, Fan J, Pan C. Correlation between body composition and white matter hyperintensity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36497. [PMID: 38115357 PMCID: PMC10727575 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke. The relationship between WMH and obesity is somewhat controversial which might be interfered by different body composition such as skeletal muscle, fat and bone density. However, few researchers have evaluated the relationship between WMH burden and disaggregated body constituents in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients systematically. A total of 352 AIS patients were enrolled in this study. The subcutaneous adipose tissue, erector spinae muscle area and bone density were evaluated on the computed tomography scanning. The burden of WMH was evaluated using the Fazekas scale based on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence. The severity of overall WMH was defined as none-mild WMH (total Fazekas score 0-2) or moderate-severe WMH (total Fazekas score 3-6). Based on the severity of periventricular WMH (P-WMH) and deep WMH, patients were categorized into either a none-mild (Fazekas score 0-1) group or a moderate-severe (Fazekas score 2-3) group. We found that patients with moderate-severe WMH showed lower bone density and smaller erector spinae muscle area and subcutaneous adipose tissue than none-mild. The logistic regression analysis showed that the bone density was independently associated with moderate-severe overall WMH (odds radio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.972-0.992, P < .001) and similar results were found in the analyses according to P-WMH (odds radio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.972-0.992, P < .001). These findings suggest that among the AIS body composition, the bone density is independently associated with the severity of overall WMH and P-WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- Jishou University, Jishou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Yi
- The Forth People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianbi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiquan Jing
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuzheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Hunan University of Medicine General Hospital, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
- The Advanced Stroke Center of China, Huaihua, People’s Republic of China
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Cacciatore S, Duque G, Marzetti E. Osteosarcopenic obesity: a triple threat for older adults? Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:1191-1193. [PMID: 37721690 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Hu K, Deya Edelen E, Zhuo W, Khan A, Orbegoso J, Greenfield L, Rahi B, Griffin M, Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:1056. [PMID: 37887382 PMCID: PMC10608812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Deya Edelen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Wenqing Zhuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Aliya Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Josselyne Orbegoso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lindsey Greenfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Berna Rahi
- Department of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Owen J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
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Abidin NZ. Comparison of Muscle, Bone and Fat Indices between Stages of Sarcopenia in Postmenopausal Malaysian Women. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:91-105. [PMID: 37928789 PMCID: PMC10624439 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cumulative health impact of sarcopenia when it overlaps with obesity and osteoporosis is poorly understood. This cross-sectional study compared the muscle, bone and fat indices between stages of sarcopenia and determined the association of sarcopenia stages with adiposity and bone density in Malaysian postmenopausal women. Methods One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal Malaysian women from Semenyih and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia participated in the study. Muscle mass and body fat percentages (BFP) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Bone density was assessed using quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer. Gait speed was assessed using the 6-m walk test. The sarcopenia stage was classified into pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. Results The overall prevalence of participants with various stages of 'sarcopenia' was 29.4%. The rates of low bone density were 13.7%, 12.5%, 17.4% and 85.7% in the non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic, sarcopenic and severe sarcopenic groups, respectively (P < 0.000). Age, adiposity, muscle mass, gait speed and bone density differed significantly between the reference (non-sarcopenic) and 'severe sarcopenic' groups. The 'sarcopenic' and 'severe sarcopenic' groups had common impairments whereby no significant differences were found in HGS and gait speed between them. Conclusion The results showed significant correlations between sarcopenia stages and age, body weight, adiposity and bone density. Individuals with 'sarcopenia' had the same level of HGS and gait speed as those with severe forms of the disorder, implying that individuals with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were at the same level in terms of strength and endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdiana Zainol Abidin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Huang T, Li C, Chen F, Xie D, Yang C, Chen Y, Wang J, Li J, Zheng F. Prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 37322416 PMCID: PMC10273636 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome with a concomitant presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. It increases the risk of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, and death. Not only does it burden the lives of older adults, but it also increases the economic burden on health systems around the world. This study aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia to generate important references for clinical work in this area. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 24th, 2022. The quality of studies included in the review was evaluated using the NOS and AHRQ Scale. Pooled effects of the prevalence and associated factors were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Egger's test, Begg's test, and funnel plots were used to test the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS A total of 31 studies involving 15,062 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranged from 1.5 to 65.7%, with an overall prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 0.16-0.26). The risk factors for osteosarcopenia were female (OR 5.10, 95% CI: 2.37-10.98), older age (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21), and fracture (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.62-5.25). CONCLUSION The prevalence of osteosarcopenia was high. Females, advanced age, and history of fracture were independently associated with osteosarcopenia. It is necessary to adopt integrated multidisciplinary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjin Huang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Faxiu Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.
| | - Dunan Xie
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuhua Yang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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Liu Y, Song Y, Hao Q, Wu J. Global prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity amongst middle aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37129731 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) is a recently recognized disorder encompassing osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. However, evidence in pooling knowledge regarding the prevalence of OSO worldwide is scarce. Hence, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OSO in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We conducted systematic searches in Scopus, Embase, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from inception until October 2022. We evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The meta-analysis results using a random-effects model included the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We included 20 studies with a total of 23,909 participants. Most of the studies were of good quality. The final pooled prevalence of OSO in middle-aged and older adults worldwide was 8% (95% CI: 6%-11%; n = 20). Females (pooled prevalence = 9%; 95% CI:7%-12%; n = 17) had a higher burden of OSO than males (pooled prevalence = 5%; 95% CI:3%-8%; n = 11). We also found that the burden was higher among studies reporting OSO prevalence only in the elderly population (pooled prevalence = 13%; 95% CI: 9%-17%). The asymmetric nature of the funnel plot indicates the presence of publication bias. Additional sensitivity analysis did not reveal any significant variation in the pooled effect size estimation. CONCLUSION Approximately one in ten middle-aged and older adults suffer from OSO. The burden was highest among females and older adults. Diagnostic and intervention packages targeting such patients should be developed and implemented in high-risk settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Song
- Early Phase Clinical Research Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjian Hao
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Vucic V, Ristic-Medic D, Arsic A, Petrovic S, Paunovic M, Vasiljevic N, Ilich JZ. Nutrition and Physical Activity as Modulators of Osteosarcopenic Adiposity: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Future Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071619. [PMID: 37049460 PMCID: PMC10096523 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome denotes the confluence of bone, muscle, and adipose tissue deterioration. Being a complex entity, numerous uncertainties about OSA still exist, despite the extensive research on the topic. Our objectives were to evaluate human studies addressing dietary intake/nutritional status and the quantity/types of physical activity related to OSA. The search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted to examine relevant articles published from inception to the end of December 2022, utilizing the MeSH strings in the search strategy. Only studies published in English and conducted in humans (≥18 years) without chronic conditions (cancers, kidney/liver disease) or pregnancy were used. Book chapters, abstracts-only, and studies in which participants did not have all three body composition components measured to identify OSA or when body composition components could not be related to the independent/exposure variables were excluded. A total of n = 1020 articles were retrieved from all three databases and eight more from the reference lists. After the exclusion of duplicates and other unsuitable articles, n = 23 studies were evaluated. Among those, eleven were from epidemiological or cross-sectional studies relating nutrients/dietary intake or nutritional status with OSA. Another four examined the relationship between serum biomarkers (vitamin D and ferritin) with OSA, while eight articles presented the results of the interventional studies with resistance training. Overall, higher protein, calcium, potassium, and vitamins D and C intakes emerged as nutrients positively modifying OSA, along with a diet higher in fruits and low-fat dairy foods. Higher serum vitamin D and ferritin were respectively positively and negatively related to OSA. Resistance training was a safe intervention yielding several beneficial outcomes for the OSA syndrome in older women.
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Holanda N, Crispim N, Carlos I, Moura T, Nóbrega E, Bandeira F. Musculoskeletal effects of obesity and bariatric surgery – a narrative review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:621-632. [PMID: 36382751 PMCID: PMC10118826 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity affects several areas of the human body, leading to increased morbidity and mortality and the likelihood of other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. These conditions predispose to bone fractures and sarcopenic obesity, defined by the presence of an obesity-associated decrease in muscle mass and strength. Both bone fragility and sarcopenic obesity disease are consequences of several factors, such as a low degree of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, ectopic fat deposits and sedentary lifestyle. The diagnosis of obesity-related musculoskeletal disorders is limited by the lack of sarcopenia criteria and lower accuracy of bone mineral density measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in overweight people. Reducing body weight provides undeniable benefits to this population, however treating cases of severe obesity with bariatric surgery can cause even greater damage to bone and muscle health, especially in the long term. The mechanisms involved in this process are not yet fully understood, but factors related to nutrient malabsorption and mechanical discharge as well as changes in gut hormones, adipokines and bone marrow adiposity should be taken into account. Depending on the surgical technique performed, greater musculoskeletal damage may occur, especially in cases of malabsorptive surgeries such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, when compared to restrictive techniques such as sleeve gastrectomy. This difference is probably due to greater weight loss, nutrient malabsorption and important hormonal changes that occur as a consequence of the diversion of intestinal transit and loss of greater absorptive surface. Thus, people undergoing bariatric procedures, especially malabsorptive ones, should have their musculoskeletal health supervised to allow early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions to prevent osteoporotic fractures and preserve the functionality of the skeletal muscles.
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Kim MJ, Jillian H, Rachael T, Debra W, Sean H, Sandhya R, Richie P. Is repeated childhood fracture related to areal bone density or body composition in middle age? Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2369-2379. [PMID: 35918403 PMCID: PMC9568436 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Childhood fracture is common, but whether it predicts adult fracture is not clear. Repeat childhood fracture was associated with adult (≤ 45 years) fracture, and in women, lower areal bone density was associated with repeat childhood fracture. Identifying fracture-prone children can modify adult fracture risk management. INTRODUCTION A quarter of boys and 15% of girls will suffer multiple fractures, but it is not clear whether multiple fractures during growth predict fracture risk and areal bone density in adulthood. This study evaluated whether children who repeatedly fracture were at increased risk of low areal bone density, abnormal body composition, and fractures by age 45. METHODS A subsample of a large birth cohort study with childhood fracture cases had areal bone density assessed at age 45 years. Participants were questioned regularly across their lifetime about fractures during childhood (ages 0-18 years of age) and adulthood (any fracture between 18 and 45 years). The number of fractures was collapsed into three categories: no fractures; 1 fracture; and > 1 fracture, separately for child and adult groups. RESULTS At age 45 years, areal bone mineral density (g/cm2) and body composition were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry in n = 555 participants. Compared to no fractures, twice as many girls (14% vs 7%, P = 0.156) and boys (31.4% vs 14.1%, P = 0.004) who repeatedly fractured in childhood sustained multiple fractures as adults. Both girls and boys who were fracture-free tended to remain fracture-free as adults (79.8% compared with 62.8%, P = 0.045, and 64.8% compared with 51.4%, P = 0.025, in males and females, respectively). Participants were more than twice as likely to fracture repeatedly as adults if they had sustained multiple fractures as a child (OR 2.5 95% CI: 1.4, 4.6). Women who repeatedly fractured during childhood had lower areal bone density, whereas repeated fracturing during childhood was not associated with areal bone density or body composition in men, even after adjustment for other factors known to influence fracture history. CONCLUSION Childhood fracture history is associated with persistent skeletal fragility in adulthood (≤ 45 years), even after adjustment for behavioral and demographic factors known to influence fracture history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith-Jones Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Haszard Jillian
- Biostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Taylor Rachael
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Waters Debra
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hogan Sean
- Department of Psychology, The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ramrakha Sandhya
- Department of Psychology, The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Poulton Richie
- Department of Psychology, The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Bone mass in Saudi women aged 20-40 years: the association with obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:123. [PMID: 36107272 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes that low bone density is prevalent in premenopausal Saudi women, especially women of normal weight and vitamin D deficiency. Although BMD is higher in obese young women, this may not be beneficial later in life in conjunction with persistent vitamin D deficiency. INTRODUCTION Not attaining peak bone mass is one crucial factor contributing to the risk of developing osteoporosis and suffering fractures in later life. The objectives of this study were to describe the normal range of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in premenopausal Saudi women in relation to obesity and vitamin D insufficiency. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 312 healthy Saudi women aged 20-40. All women were clinically examined. BMD (g/cm2) and BMC (g) assessed at total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and vitamin D deficiency defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. RESULTS Almost half of the studied women were obese, and the majority (86.2%) were deficient in vitamin D. Mean BMD in TB 1.060 ± 0.091, FN 0.918 ± 0.153 and LS 1.118 ± 0.123 g/cm2, while TB-BMC 2077 ± 272 g. When classified by BMI, the proportion with low bone density was 2-3 times higher among the normal weight compared to the obese women, p < 0.001. In the cohort overall, ~ 19% of these young premenopausal women had osteopenia or osteoporosis at the femoral neck, but 26% in normal weight, vitamin D deficient women. CONCLUSION This study shows low bone density in premenopausal Saudi women, particularly those with normal weight. While obesity appears to confer some protection against vitamin D deficiency at this age, this is assumed to change in later life.
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13
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Xing E, Wan C. Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221110490. [PMID: 35822256 PMCID: PMC9284226 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sarcopenia is a major health problem in community-dwelling elderly
individuals. Hypertension is postulated to aggravate sarcopenia. The present
study was performed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated
with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension. Methods This study involved 165 Chinese individuals with hypertension aged ≥60 years
who were evaluated for sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for
Sarcopenia criteria. Data on their sociodemographic information, physical
illnesses, and clinical and functional status were collected. Results The overall prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly individuals with
hypertension was 20.2%. The factors significantly associated with sarcopenia
were an age of ≥70 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.01; 95% confidence
interval (CI), 1.17–5.39), diabetes (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.32–11.16),
osteoporosis (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.13–5.37), drinking (OR, 3.28; 95% CI,
1.26–7.85), and a body mass index of 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2 (OR,
0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91). Conclusions This study revealed a very high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly
individuals with hypertension (20.2%). Sarcopenia may be associated with
advanced age, drinking, diabetes, the body mass index, and osteoporosis. The
longitudinal relationship between clinic visits and sarcopenia should be
further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwang Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Port Hospital,
Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical
University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chunxiao Wan, Department of Rehabilitation
Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping
District, Tianjin 300041, China.
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14
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Miller RM, Freitas ED, Heishman AD, Peak KM, Buchanan SR, Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Associations of serum IL-6 with muscle, bone, and adipose tissue in women. Cytokine 2022; 151:155787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Ilyas Z, Perna S, A. Alalwan T, Zahid MN, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faragli A, Alogna A, La Porta E, Ali Redha A, Negro M, Cerullo G, D’Antona G, Rondanelli M. The Ketogenic Diet: Is It an Answer for Sarcopenic Obesity? Nutrients 2022; 14:620. [PMID: 35276979 PMCID: PMC8838342 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to define the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) for the management of sarcopenic obesity. As the combination of sarcopenia and obesity appears to have multiple negative metabolic effects, this narrative review discusses the effects of the ketogenic diet as a possible synergic intervention to decrease visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fatty infiltration of the liver as well as modulate and improve the gut microbiota, inflammation and body composition. The results of this review support the evidence that the KD improves metabolic health and expands adipose tissue γδ T cells that are important for glycaemia control during obesity. The KD is also a therapeutic option for individuals with sarcopenic obesity due to its positive effect on VAT, adipose tissue, cytokines such as blood biochemistry, gut microbiota, and body composition. However, the long-term effect of a KD on these outcomes requires further investigations before general recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ilyas
- Department of Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Juffair P.O. Box 10588, Bahrain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- Department of Cardionephrology, Istituto Clinico Ligure Di Alta Specialità (ICLAS), GVM Care and Research, 16035 Rapallo, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMi), University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain;
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Massimo Negro
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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16
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Su YH, Chang YM, Kung CY, Sung CK, Foo WS, Wu MH, Chiou SJ. A study of correlations between metabolic syndrome factors and osteosarcopenic adiposity. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 34711214 PMCID: PMC8555223 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging reduces the quality and strength of bones and muscles and increases body fat, which can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of sarcopenia, osteopenia, and adiposity, a condition referred to as OsteoSarcopenic Adiposity (OSA). While previous studies have demonstrated that metabolic syndrome is associated with sarcopenia, osteopenia, and adiposity, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and OSA remains largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed data for a sample of middle-aged individuals from a Health Management Center database, which was collected in 2016-2018. There are 2991 cases of people over 50 years from a physical examination center in a hospital in Taiwan during 2016-2018. In addition to descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine OSA risk and associated factors. RESULTS Based on multinomial logistic regression analysis, in different OSA severity level (1-3 more serious), those who are with metabolic syndrome has increased the 2.49-2.57 times risk of OSA (p < 0.001) in OSA = 2 and 3 groups while there is no significant difference in OSA =1 group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of OSA may impair the health and quality of life in the elderly group, especially those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, increasing the risk of OSA. These results can help promote early diagnosis and treatment of OSA in clinical settings, particularly among aging individuals with abnormal physical function, the group with the highest OSA incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Su
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Department of Urology, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Kung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Kuei Sung
- Department of Nursing, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shin Foo
- Department of Rehabilitation, West Garden Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Wu
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Chiou
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Low-Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF-11. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5526665. [PMID: 34336096 PMCID: PMC8315843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5526665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is known as sarcopenia; it is characterized as a progressive and generalized muscle disorder associated with aging. This deterioration can seriously compromise the elderly's health and reduce their quality of life. In addition to age, there are other factors that induce muscle mass loss, among which are sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases, inflammation, and obesity. In recent years, a new clinical condition has been observed in older adults that affects their physical capacities and quality of life, which is known as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity coexist in this condition. Physical exercise and nutritional management are the most widely used interventions for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. However, in older adults, physical exercise and protein intake do not have the same outcomes observed in younger people. Here, we used a low-intensity exercise routine for a long period of time (LIERLT) in order to delay the OSO appearance related to sedentarism and aging in female Wistar rats. The LIERLT routine consisted of walking at 15 m/min for 30 min, five days a week for 20 months. To evaluate the effects of the LIERLT routine, body composition was determined using DXA-scan, additionally, biochemical parameters, inflammatory profile, oxidative protein damage, redox state, and serum concentration of GDF-11 at different ages were evaluated (4, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months). Our results show that the LIERLT routine delays OSO phenotype in old 24-month-old rats, in a mechanism involving the decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress. GDF-11 was evaluated as a protein related to muscle repair and regeneration; interestingly, rats that perform the LIERLT increased their GDF-11 levels.
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18
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Choi MK, Bae YJ. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, and osteosarcopenic adiposity in Korean adults aged 50 years and older. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:89. [PMID: 34091788 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calcium and phosphorus intake showed a significant negative relationship with osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic adiposity in Korean adults aged 50 years or older. PURPOSE Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) is a syndrome accompanied by low bone mass, low muscle mass, and adiposity, and the association of the individual OSA components with dietary factors is considerable. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of dietary calcium and phosphorus and individual and/or combined bone-, muscle-, and fat mass-related abnormalities in body composition (components of OSA). METHODS This study investigated the relationship between OSA-related components and the intake of calcium and phosphorus in subjects aged 50 years and older (n = 7007) using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2011. RESULTS After adjusting for various confounding factors that affect OSA, the groups with a low calcium intake (below the median value) had a significantly higher risk of osteosarcopenia (OR = 1.768, 95% CI: 1.018-3.073; p = 0.0432) and OSA (OR = 1.505, 95% CI: 1.040-2.180; p = 0.0304) compared to the groups with a high calcium intake (equal to or above the median value). In addition, phosphorus intake showed a significant negative relationship with sarcopenic adiposity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the intake of calcium is associated with a lower risk of osteosarcopenia and OSA in Korean adults aged 50 years and older. These results will serve as baseline data on mineral intake for the management of multiple OSA-related components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, South Korea.
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19
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Su H, Liu D, Shao J, Li Y, Wang X, Gao Q. Aging Liver: Can Exercise be a Better Way to Delay the Process than Nutritional and Pharmacological Intervention? Focus on Lipid Metabolism. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4982-4991. [PMID: 32503400 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200605111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nowadays, the world is facing a common problem that the population aging process is accelerating. How to delay metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly people, has become a hot scientific and social issue worthy of attention. The liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism may lead to liver diseases. Exercise is an easily controlled and implemented intervention, which has attracted extensive attention in improving the health of liver lipid metabolism in the elderly. This article reviewed the body aging process, changes of lipid metabolism in the aging liver, and the mechanism and effects of different interventions on lipid metabolism in the aging liver, especially focusing on exercise intervention. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed-NCBI, EBSCO Host and Web of Science, and also a report from WHO. In total, 143 studies were included from 1986 to 15 February 2020. CONCLUSION Nutritional and pharmacological interventions can improve liver disorders, and nutritional interventions are less risky relatively. Exercise intervention can prevent and improve age-related liver disease, especially the best high-intensity interval training intensity and duration is expected to be one of the research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- The School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsen Liu
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shao
- The Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- The Graduate School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- The School of Physical Education and Art Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- The School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome update and the role of associated minerals and vitamins. Proc Nutr Soc 2021; 80:344-355. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives are to present an updated synopsis on osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome and evaluate the roles of selected micronutrients in its prevention and management. OSA refers to the concurrent deterioration of bone (osteopenia/osteoporosis), muscle (sarcopenia) and adipose tissue expansion. It portrays the most advanced stage in a continuum of body composition disorders. Although OSA has been widely studied involving the populations of different backgrounds, its prevalence is hard to collate because different methodologies and criteria were used for its diagnosis. Another critical health aspect is the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) which contributes to OSA and vice versa. Nutrition is important in the prevention and management of both OSA and LGCI. Although micronutrients act in numerous metabolic and physiological processes, their roles here are presented in relation to OSA (and its components) and LGCI in general and relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. These include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and vitamins D and K; their interactions, physiological ratios and synergism/antagonism are discussed as well. In conclusion, calcium, magnesium and vitamin D have a profound impact on OSA and its components, and the latter two also on LGCI. Potassium and vitamin K are vital in bone, muscle functioning and possibly adipose tissue modification. Both, but particularly vitamin D, surfaced as important modulators of immune system with application in COVID-19 infections. While both phosphorus and sodium have important roles in bone, muscle and can impact adiposity, due to their abundance in food, their intake should be curbed to prevent possible damaging effects.
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21
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Determination of Cutoff Values for the Screening of Osteosarcopenia in Obese Postmenopausal Women. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2021; 2021:6634474. [PMID: 33790963 PMCID: PMC7997768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) describes the concurrent presence of obesity, low bone mass, and low muscle mass in an individual. Currently, no established criteria exist to diagnose OSO. We hypothesized that obese individuals require different cut-points from standard cut-points to define low bone mass and low muscle mass due to their higher weight load. In this study, we determined cutoff values for the screening of osteosarcopenia (OS) in obese postmenopausal Malaysian women based on the measurements of quantitative ultrasound (QUS), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and functional performance test. Then, we compared the cutoff values derived by 3 different statistical modeling methods, (1) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, (2) lowest quintile of the study population, and (3) 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean value of a young reference group, and discussed the most suitable method to screen for the presence of OS in obese population. One hundred and forty-one (n = 141) postmenopausal Malaysian women participated in the study. Bone density was assessed using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Handgrip strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, and physical performance was assessed using a modified Short Physical Performance Battery test. ROC curve was determined to be the most suitable statistical modeling method to derive the cutoffs for the presence of OS in obese population. From the ROC curve method, the final model to estimate the probability of OS in obese postmenopausal women is comprised of five variables: handgrip strength (HGS, with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.698 and threshold ≤ 16.5 kg), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI, AUC = 0.966 and threshold ≤ 8.2 kg/m2), fat-free mass index (FFMI, AUC = 0.946 and threshold ≤ 15.2 kg/m2), broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA, AUC = 0.987 and threshold ≤ 52.85 dB/MHz), and speed of sound (SOS, AUC = 0.991 and threshold ≤ 1492.15 m/s). Portable equipment may be used to screen for OS in obese women. Early identification of OS can help lower the risk of advanced functional impairment that can lead to physical disability in obese postmenopausal women.
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22
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Ilich JZ. Nutritional and Behavioral Approaches to Body Composition and Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation Management for Older Adults in the Ordinary and COVID-19 Times. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123898. [PMID: 33419325 PMCID: PMC7767148 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As more insight is gained into personalized health care, the importance of personalized nutritional and behavioral approaches is even more relevant in the COVID-19 era, in addition to the need for further elucidation regarding several diseases/conditions. One of these concerning body composition (in this context; bone, lean and adipose tissue) is osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome. OSA occurs most often with aging, but also in cases of some chronic diseases and is exacerbated with the presence of low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI). OSA has been associated with poor nutrition, metabolic disorders and diminished functional abilities. This paper addresses various influences on OSA and LGCI, as well as their mutual action on each other, and provides nutritional and behavioral approaches which could be personalized to help with either preventing or managing OSA and LGCI in general, and specifically in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressed in more detail are nutritional recommendations for and roles of macro- and micronutrients and bioactive food components; the microbiome; and optimal physical activity regimens. Other issues, such as food insecurity and nutritional inadequacy, circadian misalignment and shift workers are addressed as well. Since there is still a lack of longer-term primary studies in COVID-19 patients (either acute or recovered) and interventions for OSA improvement, this discussion is based on the existing knowledge, scientific hypotheses and observations derived from similar conditions or studies just being published at the time of this writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Choi MK, Bae YJ. Protein intake and osteosarcopenic adiposity in Korean adults aged 50 years and older. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2363-2372. [PMID: 32638050 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intake of plant-based protein and recommended protein intake are associated with a lower risk of osteosarcopenic adiposity (co-occurrence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity) in elderly Korean men. INTRODUCTION Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome is defined as the concurrent presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity and leads to negative functional and metabolic outcomes in late adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the association between OSA and protein intake in adults aged 50 or older. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009 data and included 645 men and 706 women aged 50 or older. Subjects were classified into normal and OSA groups. Protein intake was analyzed using the 24-h recall method. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the intake of total protein and animal-based protein between normal and OSA groups. However, in males, the intake of plant-based protein (p = 0.0031) was significantly lower in the OSA group than that in the normal group. Further, the protein intake in the OSA group was 0.96 g/kg/day, which was significantly lower than that in the normal group (1.06 g/kg/day; p = 0.0203). After adjusting for confounding factors, men over 65 years old who consumed less than the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 0.91 g/kg/day had 5.82 times higher risk of OSA compared with subjects consuming protein equal to or greater than the RNI amount (95% CI 1.81-18.66). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a protein intake of RNI or more is associated with a lower risk of OSA in Korean elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Choi
- Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | - Y-J Bae
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, South Korea.
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Ma Y, Zhang W, Han P, Kohzuki M, Guo Q. Osteosarcopenic Obesity Associated with Poor Physical Performance in the Elderly Chinese Community. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1343-1352. [PMID: 32848375 PMCID: PMC7429206 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s257739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the association between osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) and physical performance in Chinese elderly communities. Methods Our study population is comprised of residents of the Township Central Hospital in the suburban of Tianjin, China. Participants (n=303; percent body fat (PBF): ≥25% for men and ≥32% for women) were assessed using the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for body composition. Sarcopenia was defined as the lower 20th percentile of appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2 (ASMI). A quantitative ultrasound scan of each participants’ calcaneus with a T score≤−1.0 was used to identify the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis (OP). We divided people into four groups: obesity only (O), osteopenic obesity (OO), sarcopenic obesity (SO), and osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). We assessed the physical performance by grip strength, 4-m walk test (WS) and timed up and go test (TUGT). Results A total of 303 participants had completed data (89 men, 214 women; mean age of 68.8±6.0 years). The prevalence of OSO was 10.2% (men: 15.70%, women: 7.9%). After multiple adjustments, WS was significantly declined in OSO group when compared with the O group in men (mean value 95% CI was 0.84 (0.69, 0.99)) and women (mean value 95% CI was 0.93 (0.84, 1.02)). TUGT was significantly poorer in men (mean value 95% CI was 13.3 (10.6, 15.9)) and women (mean value 95% CI was 12.4 (11.2, 13.7)) with OSO when compared with the O group. Furthermore, the OSO group in women also had a significantly poorer TUGT compared with the OO group. The result of grip strength decreased significantly in women SO and OSO groups when compared with the O group (mean value 95% CI was 16.4 (14.5, 18.2) and 16.1 (13.9, 18.3)). But the results of grip strength in men showed no significant differences in any of the group. Conclusion In Chinese community-dwelling elderly, slower WS and lower balance function were associated with OSO in men and women. Lower grip strength was associated with SO and OSO in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Saeki C, Kanai T, Nakano M, Oikawa T, Torisu Y, Abo M, Saruta M, Tsubota A. Relationship between Osteosarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082381. [PMID: 32722566 PMCID: PMC7465351 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenia and frailty have a negative health impact on an aging society. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and relationship of osteosarcopenia and frailty in 291 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), who comprised 137 males and 154 females, with a median age of 70.0 years. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Japan Society of Hepatology criteria. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Frailty was defined by five parameters (exhaustion, slowness, weakness, low physical activity, and weight loss). Among the 291 patients, 49 (16.8%) and 81 (27.8%) had osteosarcopenia and frailty, respectively. Frailty and vertebral fracture were more frequently noted in patients with osteosarcopenia than in those without osteosarcopenia (79.6% vs. 17.4% and 59.2% vs. 20.2%, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Meanwhile, osteosarcopenia and vertebral fracture were more frequently observed in patients with frailty than in those without frailty (48.1% vs. 4.8% and 49.4% vs. 18.1%, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). On multivariate analysis, frailty was an independent factor associated with osteosarcopenia (odds ratio (OR), 9.837; p < 0.001), and vice versa (OR, 10.069; p < 0.001). Osteosarcopenia and frailty were prevalent, closely interrelated, and increased the risk of vertebral fracture in patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Saeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-cho, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 417-8567, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111(C.S. & A.T.)
| | - Tomoya Kanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-cho, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 417-8567, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-cho, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 417-8567, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuichi Torisu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fuji City General Hospital, 50 Takashima-cho, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 417-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (T.K.); (M.N.); (T.O.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Akihito Tsubota
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3433-1111(C.S. & A.T.)
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Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Ghahfarokhi MM, SavariNikoo F, Soltani N, Bahramzadeh A. Osteosarcopenic obesity markers following elastic band resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Circulating levels of Meteorin-like protein in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231943. [PMID: 32330176 PMCID: PMC7182262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at high risk of developing a myriad of endocrinologic and metabolic derailments. Moreover, PCOS is a leading cause of habitual abortion, also known as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is a newly discovered adipokine with the potential to counteract the metaflammation. This study aimed at determining the associations of serum Metrnl levels with homocysteine, hs-CRP, and some components of metabolic syndrome in PCOS-RPL and infertile PCOS patients.This case-control study was conducted in 120 PCOS patients (60 PCOS-RPL and 60 infertile) and 60 control. Serum hs-CRP and homocysteine were assessed using commercial kits, while adiponectin, Metrnl, FSH, LH, free testosterone and insulin levels were analyzed using ELISA technique. Serum Metrnl levels were found to be lower in PCOS patients when compared to controls (67.98 ± 26.66 vs. 96.47 ± 28.72 pg/mL, P <0.001)). Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels were lower, while free testosterone, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, homocysteine, and hs-CRP were significantly higher in PCOS group compared to controls. Moreover, serum Metrnl correlated with BMI, adiponectin, and homocysteine in controls, and inversely correlated with FBG, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in PCOS group and subgroups. Besides, it inversely correlated with hs-CRP in control, and PCOS group and subgroups. These findings revealed a possible role of Metrnl in the pathogenesis of PCOS and RPL. Nevertheless, there is a necessity for future studies to prove this concept.
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Wong AK, Chandrakumar A, Whyte R, Reitsma S, Gillick H, Pokhoy A, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD. Bone Marrow and Muscle Fat Infiltration Are Correlated among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: The AMBERS Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:516-527. [PMID: 31675452 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone and muscle have shown to interact, but little is known about fat within bone and muscle. Clinical studies have isolated fat within bone and muscle using MRI. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized that bone marrow adiposity and muscle adiposity are related and that this relationship is associated with osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women aged 60 to 85 years were recruited as part of the Appendicular Muscle and Bone Extension Research Study (AMBERS). Participants completed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine to diagnose osteoporosis. Muscle adiposity was measured with MRI at the 66% site of the leg. Fat segmentation was achieved using a semi-automated iterative threshold-optimizing algorithm (error < 5%). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured marrow density of the 4% distal tibia (surrogate for marrow fat) by threshold-based, edge-detection segmentations and by examining residuals from trabecular bone density regressed on trabecular tissue mineral density. Muscle adiposity from MRI was regressed on marrow density using linear regression. Models were further examined with an interaction with osteoporosis status. Among 312 women (aged 75.4 ± 5.9 years, body mass index [BMI] 29.5 ± 5.7 kg/m2 ), a larger amount of muscle fat was associated with lower marrow density at the 66% mid-tibia (B = 84.08 [27.56], p = 0.002) and at the 4% distal tibia (B = 129.17 [55.96], p = 0.022) after accounting for age, height, weight, average daily energy expenditure, hypertension, and diabetes. Interactions of this relationship with osteoporosis status were also significant. Upon probing these interactions, the relationships were significant only in women with osteoporosis but not in those without osteoporosis. Fat from bone marrow and muscle may be related to one another through the same phenomenon, which is likely also responsible for osteoporosis, but independent of hypertension and diabetes. More research should focus on the potential abnormalities in muscle and bone fat metabolism and mesenchymal cell commitment to fat within patients with osteoporosis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy K Wong
- CESHA, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abinaa Chandrakumar
- CESHA, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Whyte
- CESHA, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shannon Reitsma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hana Gillick
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anthony Pokhoy
- CESHA, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS) Centre, St. Peter's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Adachi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Arruda NBMD, Silva SRDA, Asano NMJ, Coriolano MDGWDS. Estado nutricional de idosos com doença de Parkinson e seus fatores associados: uma revisão integrativa. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562020023.200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados ao Estado Nutricional de idosos com doença de Parkinson (DP) por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Método Foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, Scielo e Pubmed, sem filtros para ano de publicação e desenho do estudo. Foram incluídos os estudos disponibilizados em português, inglês ou espanhol com população idosa (idade ≥60 anos). Foram excluídos estudos que não tratavam da temática, publicações não disponíveis na íntegra e que não atenderam à pergunta norteadora. Extraíram-se informações referentes aos objetivos, desenho de estudo, amostra investigada, instrumentos para a avaliação nutricional e principais resultados, além dos fatores associados. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pelos instrumentos Critical Appraisal Skill Programme e Agency for Health care and Research and Quality. Para sumarização dos fatores associados foi considerado o percentual de estudos cuja análise intergrupo, associação ou correlação foi significativa para o desfecho esperado. Resultados A análise final resultou em 8 artigos. Os fatores associados ao Estado Nutricional entre as variáveis clínicas relacionadas à DP foram duração e gravidade da doença, sintomas motores e função cognitiva. Com relação às variáveis clínico-nutricionais apresentaram associação à gordura corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos, atividade física, doméstica e mobilidade, ingestão de energia e hábitos alimentares. Conclusão A perda de peso na DP é uma consequência complexa e multifatorial, sendo primordial diagnosticar precocemente mudanças nutricionais nesses pacientes. A realização de mais estudos nessa população é necessária, visando compreender melhor esse processo de perda de peso nos pacientes idosos com DP.
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Keramidaki K, Tsagari A, Hiona M, Risvas G. Osteosarcopenic obesity, the coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity and consequences in the quality of life in older adults ≥65 years-old in Greece. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2019; 4:91-101. [PMID: 32300723 PMCID: PMC7155308 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-04-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in older adults≥65 years diagnosed with osteoporosis and the association with Quality of Life (QoL). METHODS A Cross-sectional survey has been performed on a randomized sample of 50 diagnosed osteoporotic elderly people from both sexes (Men=16; Women=34). MEASUREMENTS Quantitative ultrasound was conducted to identify osteoporosis and defined with a T score ≤2.5. Validated anthropometric equations were used in order to estimate body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass so as to detect the reallocation of body fat and lean muscle. 10m gait speed and hand grip strength was measured in order to diagnose sarcopenia according to European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) algorithm. The evaluation of QoL was conducted using a QoL questionnaire specific to osteoporosis. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a chi-square test was performed to examine if Osteosarcopenic Obesity (OSO) is sex related and the correlation between OSO and QoL. RESULTS From the 50 participants, 40%(n=19) were classified as people with OSO and 60%(n=31) without OSO. From n=19 people that experienced OSO women represent 20% (n=9) and men 18% (n=9); with the latter had a greater decline in muscle mass than women, while women had lower BMD than men according to the z score. OSO is not related with sex (p>.05) and there is no significant association between OSO and QoL (p> .05 for all the domains of QoL questionnaire). CONCLUSION Osteoporosis in the elderly often coexists with reduced muscle mass and muscle strength as well as an increase in adiposity and was independently associated with QoL. People that experience OSO presenting lower functionality that increases the risk for falls and bone fractures originated from the decline in bone and muscle mass, and increased adiposity. Increased awareness of OSO may help develop efficient interventions and public health policies for healthier and more active elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Keramidaki
- Outpatient Οbesity Clinic, EASO accredited Center for Obesity Management (COM), 1 Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Loureiro LM, Cordeiro A, Mendes R, Luna M, Pereira S, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Clinic, Anthropometric And Metabolic Changes In Adults With Class III Obesity Classified As Metabolically Healthy And Metabolically Unhealthy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2419-2431. [PMID: 31819568 PMCID: PMC6885561 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s210616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe clinical, biochemical and anthropometric profiles in adults with class III obesity classified as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with patients classified as MHO and MUHO according to the NCEP-ATP III. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical variables were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 223 subjects were evaluated and 32.73% were classified as MHO and 67.26% as MUHO, respectively. The insulin resistance homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) showed elevation in the MUHO group (p=0.003) and anthropometric variables were correlated with bone markers [body index mass (BMI) vs phosphorus: r=0.31, p<0.001; BMI vs 25(OH)D: r=-0.31, p=0.041]. Visceral adiposity index was lower in MHO (p=0.001). Negative correlations between inflammatory markers and bone markers were observed in the MHO group (calcium vs C-reactive protein: -0.30, p=0.017; parathyroid hormone vs HOMA-IR: r=-0.28, p=0.017. CONCLUSION MHO individuals showed important metabolic changes, such as those observed in MUHO, despite lower prevalence and severity. Continuous monitoring of these individuals is suggested, given the transient nature of the MHO phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligiane M Loureiro
- Postgraduate Program, Doctorate in Nutritional Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adryana Cordeiro
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biomedicine Department, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mendes
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Luna
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Pereira
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Saboya
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Center for Research on Micronutrients (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro of UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition of the Institute of Nutrition, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bauer JM, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Fielding RA, Kanis JA, Reginster JY, Bruyère O, Cesari M, Chapurlat R, Al-Daghri N, Dennison E, Kaufman JM, Landi F, Laslop A, Locquet M, Maggi S, McCloskey E, Perna S, Rizzoli R, Rolland Y, Rondanelli M, Szulc P, Vellas B, Vlaskovska M, Cooper C. Is There Enough Evidence for Osteosarcopenic Obesity as a Distinct Entity? A Critical Literature Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:109-124. [PMID: 31098729 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The co-existence of impaired bone health (osteopenia/osteoporosis), reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), and increased adiposity (obesity) in middle-aged and older people has been identified in recent studies, leading to a proposal for the existence of "osteosarcopenic obesity" as a distinct entity. Evidence for the pathophysiological overlap of these conditions is mounting, although a causal relationship is yet to be established. Each component condition occurs frequently with increasing age, and with shared risk factors in many instances, thus, an overlap of these three conditions is not surprising. However, whether the concurrent existence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity leads to an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes and mortality above and beyond the risks associated with the sum of the component parts remains to be proven and is a question of research interest. In this article, we review evidence for the existence of osteosarcopenic obesity including the current operational definition of osteosarcopenic obesity, prevalence, pathophysiology, outcomes and exploratory approaches to the management of components. We conclude that, there is insufficient evidence to support a discrete clinical entity of osteosarcopenic obesity at this time. To expand knowledge and understanding in this area, there is a need for consensus on a definition of osteosarcopenic obesity which will allow for identification, further epidemiological studies and comparisons between studies. Additionally, studies should assess whether the clinical outcomes associated with osteosarcopenic obesity are worse than the mere addition of those linked with its components. This will help to determine whether defining a person as having this triad will eventually result in a more effective treatment than addressing each of the three conditions separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen M Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, University of Heidelberg, AGAPLESION Bethanien Krankenhaus Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Health Institute, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- INSERM, UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Hôpital E Herriot, 69437, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Orthogeriatric Unit, Teaching Hospital "Agostino Gemelli", Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laslop
- Scientific Office, Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Médéa Locquet
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Eugene McCloskey
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research and Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - René Rizzoli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Rolland
- CHU Toulouse, Médecine Gériatrie Gérontopôle, Cité de la Santé, 20 Rue du Pont Saint Pierre, Inserm 1027, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawel Szulc
- INSERM, UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- CHU Toulouse, Médecine Gériatrie Gérontopôle, Cité de la Santé, 20 Rue du Pont Saint Pierre, Inserm 1027, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Mila Vlaskovska
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kim YM, Kim S, Won YJ, Kim SH. Clinical Manifestations and Factors Associated with Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Koreans with Obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:77-88. [PMID: 30997575 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrating the clinical consequences of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is complex. This study evaluated clinical manifestations and factors associated with bone and muscle loss in Koreans with obesity. This cross-sectional observational study enrolled Koreans with obesity aged ≥ 50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clinical manifestations were compared among four groups: obesity (O), sarcopenic obesity (SO), osteopenic obesity (OO), and OSO. Factors associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) or bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. OSO increases with age in both sexes. Men with SO and OSO had increased cardiometabolic diseases and markers, percentages of body fat (BF %), and trunk fat (TF %), and decreased limb fat percentage (LF %). Women with SO and OSO had increased metabolic markers, BF %, and TF % but those with OSO had increased cardiometabolic diseases and lower LF %. Both sexes with OSO had decreased ASM and vitamin D, and higher vitamin D deficiency. BF % was negatively associated with ASM and femur BMD in both sexes. TF % was negatively and LF % was positively associated with ASM in both sexes and with femur BMD in women. Vitamin D was positively associated with femur BMD in men and with ASM and BMD at all sites in women. ASM and BMD were positively associated with each other. Appendicular muscle loss is metabolically significant regardless of bone loss in men; however, appendicular muscle loss with bone loss is metabolically more significant in women. Regional body composition, fat distribution, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with OSO phenotype in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Mee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Se Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Simgokro 100Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711, South Korea.
- Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.
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Azzam EZ, Ata MN, Younan DN, Salem TM, Abdul-Aziz AA. DObesity: Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, obesity and sclerostin as a novel biomarker of bone metabolism. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2019; 17:100197. [PMID: 31193780 PMCID: PMC6542767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2019.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, vitamin D deficiency and sclerostin as a bone biomarker. Materials and methods Cross-section study of 75 subjects grouped into 3 groups; obese (n = 31), overweight (n = 23) and normal (n = 21) subjects. Sclerostin, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose and 25(OH)D were measured and anthropometric measures were taken. Results 25(OH)D was lower in obese subjects than overweight and control groups (mean ± SD 5.27 ± 5.14 vs. 12.55 ± 6.99 vs.17.65 ± 4.07 ng/L, p < 0.001). Sclerostin was significantly lower in obese subjects versus the control (mean ± SD 1.02 ± 0.45 vs 1.58 ± 0.83 ng/mL, p = 0.014). Conclusion These results lead us to hypothesize that the relationship between sclerostin and Vitamin D levels has an important role in the link between obesity and bone metabolism. DObesity could be an active focus of research in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Zaki Azzam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil Ata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doreen Nazeih Younan
- Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alaa Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Kelly OJ, Gilman JC, Boschiero D, Ilich JZ. Osteosarcopenic Obesity: Current Knowledge, Revised Identification Criteria and Treatment Principles. Nutrients 2019; 11:E747. [PMID: 30935031 PMCID: PMC6520721 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome describes the simultaneous deterioration of bone, muscle and excess fat, resulting in reduced functionality and systemic metabolic dysregulation. The key component contributing to this may be ectopic fat in the viscera, bone and muscle. OSO research to date is summarized, and the revised criteria for its identification for research purposes are reviewed and proposed, including new criteria to assess visceral fat in males and females. Finally, nutritional and physical activity recommendations are consolidated into a treatment algorithm, which can be validated in future studies and which may also be applied to preventative management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Relative Strength, but Not Absolute Muscle Strength, Is Higher in Exercising Compared to Non-Exercising Older Women. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7010019. [PMID: 30634640 PMCID: PMC6359017 DOI: 10.3390/sports7010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been suggested for older adults. However, there is no consensus whether exercising older adults present better strength levels and body composition indexes compared with inactive counterparts. Our aim was to compare absolute and relative isokinetic muscular knee strength and body composition between exercising and non-exercising older women. Exercising (n = 20) and non-exercising (n = 21) groups were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), body composition, and isokinetic muscular knee strength. BMI (p = 0.005), total body mass (p = 0.01), fat mass (p = 0.01), and fat mass percentage (p = 0.01) were higher in non-exercising women, and the lean mass percentage was lower in the non-exercising group (p = 0.01). Isokinetic extensor and flexor knee muscle strength for dominant limbs presented higher peak torque values when corrected for total body mass (Nm·kg−1) in the exercising group (p < 0.05). Exercising older women presented better body composition and higher strength relative to total body mass, but not maximum absolute strength.
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Effects of Adherence to a Higher Protein Diet on Weight Loss, Markers of Health, and Functional Capacity in Older Women Participating in a Resistance-Based Exercise Program. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081070. [PMID: 30103509 PMCID: PMC6115985 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and maintenance of a higher protein diet have been recommended to help older individuals maintain muscle mass. This study examined whether adherence to a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition, markers of health, and/or functional capacity in older females in comparison to following a traditional higher carbohydrate diet or exercise training alone with no diet intervention. In total, 54 overweight and obese females (65.9 ± 4.7 years; 78.7 ± 11 kg, 30.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 43.5 ± 3.6% fat) were randomly assigned to an exercise-only group (E), an exercise plus hypo-energetic higher carbohydrate (HC) diet, or a higher protein diet (HP) diet. Participants followed their respective diet plans and performed a supervised 30-min circuit-style resistance exercise program 3 d/wk. Participants were tested at 0, 10, and 14 weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of changes from baseline with [95% confidence intervals]. Results revealed that after 14 weeks, participants in the HP group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (E −1.3 ± 2.3, [−2.4, −0.2]; HC −3.0 ± 3.1 [−4.5, −1.5]; HP −4.8 ± 3.2, [−6.4, −3.1]%, p = 0.003), fat mass (E −2.7 ± 3.8, [−4.6, −0.9]; HC −5.9 ± 4.2 [−8.0, −3.9]; HP −10.2 ± 5.8 [−13.2, –7.2%], p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (E −2.0 ± 3.5 [−3.7, −0.3]; HC −4.3 ± 3.2 [−5.9, −2.8]; HP −6.3 ± 3.5 [−8.1, −4.5] %, p = 0.002) with no significant reductions in fat-free mass or resting energy expenditure over time or among groups. Significant differences were observed in leptin (E −1.8 ± 34 [−18, 14]; HC 43.8 ± 55 [CI 16, 71]; HP −26.5 ± 70 [−63, −9.6] ng/mL, p = 0.001) and adiponectin (E 43.1 ± 76.2 [6.3, 79.8]; HC −27.9 ± 33.4 [−44.5, −11.3]; HP 52.3 ± 79 [11.9, 92.8] µg/mL, p = 0.001). All groups experienced significant improvements in muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic capacity, markers of balance and functional capacity, and several markers of health. These findings indicate that a higher protein diet while participating in a resistance-based exercise program promoted more favorable changes in body composition compared to a higher carbohydrate diet in older females.
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Siglinsky E, Buehring B, Krueger D, Binkley N, Yamada Y. Could bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) measured appendicular intracellular water serve as a lean mass measurement in sarcopenia definitions? A pilot study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1653-1657. [PMID: 29574521 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED DXA lean mass measurement for sarcopenia diagnosis is not always possible. Bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS), a portable technology, is a potential alternative to DXA-measured lean mass. This pilot study explores the possibility and proposes an arbitrarily chosen potential cut-point for appendicular intracellular water corrected by height (aICW/ht2). INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia definitions often include DXA lean mass measurement. However, DXA is not always available. We explored the potential of a less-expensive mobile method, bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS), to assess lean mass for sarcopenia determination. We hypothesized that BIS-measured appendicular intracellular water (aICW/ht2) would correlate with DXA-measured appendicular lean mass (ALM)/ht2 and with functional parameters. If so, establishing an aICW/ht2 cut-point in sarcopenia definitions may be feasible. METHODS Sixty-one community-dwelling women, mean age 79.9, had BIS and DXA lean mass, grip strength, gait speed, and jumping mechanography assessments. BIS aICW was calculated using limb length and intracellular water resistance. aICW/ht2 was compared to DXA-measured ALM/ht2 by linear regression. The European Working Group ALM/ht2 and an exploratory aICW/ht2 cut-point were utilized. RESULTS In this cohort, ALM/ht2 and aICW/ht2 were moderately correlated, R2 = 0.55, p < 0.0001. Lean mass was low in 7 and normal in 44 by BIS and DXA. Those with low aICW/ht2 had lower grip strength (p = 0.04) and jump power (p = 0.0002) than those with normal aICW/ht2 and ALM/ht2. Subjects with low ALM/ht2 had lower jump power (p = 0.0006) but were not different in gait speed or grip strength. CONCLUSIONS BIS aICW is correlated with DXA-measured ALM directly, and when height adjusted. An aICW/ht2 cut-point of 6.5 L/m2 identified 70% of women with low ALM/ht2. Women with low lean mass by DXA and BIS had poorer function measured by jump power. These pilot data support further evaluation of BIS measurement inclusion into sarcopenia definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Siglinsky
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - B Buehring
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - D Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - N Binkley
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Y Yamada
- University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, 2870 University Avenue, Suite 100, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Osteosarcopenic Visceral Obesity and Osteosarcopenic Subcutaneous Obesity, Two New Phenotypes of Sarcopenia: Prevalence, Metabolic Profile, and Risk Factors. J Aging Res 2018; 2018:6147426. [PMID: 29862078 PMCID: PMC5976921 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6147426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main criticism of the definition of “osteosarcopenic obesity” (OSO) is the lack of division
between subcutaneous and visceral fat. This study describes the prevalence, metabolic profile, and risk factors of two new phenotypes of sarcopenia:
osteosarcopenic visceral obesity (OSVAT) and osteosarcopenic subcutaneous obesity (OSSAT).
Methods A standardized geriatric assessment was performed by anthropometric and biochemical measures.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess body composition, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT),
osteoporosis, and sarcopenia.
Results A sample of 801 subjects were assessed (247 men; 554 women).
The prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) was 6.79%; OSSAT and OSOVAT were, respectively, 2.22%
and 4.56%. OSVAT (versus the others) showed a higher level of inflammation (CRP and ESR, p < 0.05), bilirubin (p < 0.05), and risk of fractures (FRAX index over 15%, p < 0.001). Subjects with OSSAT did not show any significant risk factors associated to obesity.
Conclusions
The osteosarcopenic visceral obesity phenotype (OSVAT) seems to be associated with a higher risk of fractures,
inflammation, and a worse metabolic profile. These conditions in OSVAT cohort are associated with an increase of visceral adipose tissue,
while patients with OSSAT seem to benefit related to the “obesity paradox”.
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Yamada T, Matsuzaki M, Tanaka A. Increase in insulin secretion and decrease in muscle degradation by fat-free milk intake are attenuated by physical exercise. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:21-25. [PMID: 29752915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and exercise have opposing actions on insulin secretion, but the same action on protein anabolism. We examined the effects of BCAA-rich fat-free milk intake and/or exercise on levels of insulin secretion and indices related to muscle protein metabolism in order to assess the potency of dietary and exercise therapies against metabolic and locomotive disorders. METHODS Eight adult female volunteers participated in all four 24 h experiments; control diet intake with or without exercise, and fat-free milk-containing diet intake with or without exercise. Fat-free milk was replaced with one-sixth of all foods in the control diet. Exercise was set at an equal-energy level as fat-free milk. Urine and fasting blood samples were collected for each experiment. RESULTS Urinary C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion and serum insulin levels were significantly higher, but urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion levels were significantly lower with low urinary adrenaline and dopamine excretion in the fat-free milk-containing diet than in the control diet. These findings were reduced by exercise with high urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion. CONCLUSIONS BCAA-rich fat-free milk intake enhanced insulin secretion and suppressed muscle protein degradation, but these effects are attenuated by exercise accompanied with increase in catecholamine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Masami Matsuzaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
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The risks of sarcopenia, falls and fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Maturitas 2017; 109:70-77. [PMID: 29452785 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increased, and the mechanism is multifactorial. Recent research on T2DM-induced bone fragility shows that bone mineral density (BMD) is often normal or even slightly elevated. However, bone turnover may be decreased and bone material and microstructural properties are altered, especially when microvascular complications are present. Besides bone fragility, extra-skeletal factors leading to an increased propensity to experience falls may also contribute to the increased fracture risk in T2DM, such as peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and diabetes medication (e.g. insulin use). One of the probable additional contributing factors to the increased fall and fracture risks in T2DM is sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality and function. Although the association between sarcopenia, fall risk, and fracture risk has been studied in the general population, few studies have examined the association between T2DM and muscle tissue and the risks of falls and fractures. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature regarding the multifactorial mechanisms leading to increased fracture risk in patients with T2DM, with a focus on sarcopenia and falls.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether low bone density, a condition related to aging, is associated with low muscle mass, a surrogate for sarcopenia, and whether it could be used as a marker of the condition. METHODS We studied 483 women aged 35 to 69 years old who appeared healthy and attended a preventive gynecological examination. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and regional body composition. BMD was assessed using the T-score. Low appendicular lean mass (aLM) adjusted by height (aLM index) was defined according to Baumgartner et al (<5.45 kg/m). The association of low aLM index with bone mass was evaluated with a binary logistic regression using a cutoff point on the receiver operating characteristic curves for the T-score of -1.5. RESULTS The participants had a mean age of 54.7 ± 9.1 years, body mass index of 24.6 ± 3.6 kg/m, aLM index of 5.9 ± 0.6 kg/m (22.6% showed sarcopenia), abdominal fat percentage of 44.0 ± 9.1%, and T-score of -0.48 ± 0.97. In the logistic regression model, we found that low BMD implied a significant risk for sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.06). In contrast, excess body weight was a protective factor (OR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.25). Neither age nor abdominal fat percentage, however, influenced the likelihood of sarcopenia in these women. CONCLUSIONS A BMD T-score below -1.5 suggests low muscle mass in middle-aged women, which is a central element in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Early diagnosis provides the opportunity to introduce preventive and therapeutic options.
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Kuroda T, Ohta H, Onoe Y, Tsugawa N, Shiraki M. Intake of omega-3 fatty acids contributes to bone mineral density at the hip in a younger Japanese female population. Osteoporos Int 2017. [PMID: 28646239 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the relationships between intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-6 fatty acids and bone mineral density in Japanese women aged 19 to 25 years. Intakes of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) were positively associated with peak bone mass at the hip. INTRODUCTION Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and nutrition intake are known to optimize the peak bone mass (PBM). Recently, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to contribute to bone metabolism. In this study, the relationships of intakes of n-3 and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids with PBM were evaluated in Japanese female subjects. METHODS A total of 275 healthy female subjects (19-25 years) having PBM were enrolled, and lumbar and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic parameters were measured. Dietary intakes of total energy, total n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-6 fatty acids were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Physical activity information was also assessed. RESULTS The mean ± SD age was 20.6 ± 1.4 years, and BMI was 21.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2. BMI and serum bone alkaline phosphatase contributed significantly to lumbar BMD on multiple regression analysis. Intake of n-3 fatty acids and physical activity were also significantly related to total hip BMD. Using EPA or DHA instead of total n-3 fatty acids in the model did not result in a significant result. CONCLUSION Adequate total n-3 fatty acid intake may help maximize PBM at the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuroda
- Public Health Research Foundation, 1-1-7 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan.
| | - H Ohta
- Clinical Medical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Women's Medical Center, Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0052, Japan
| | - Y Onoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - N Tsugawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University, 4-2-26 Hishiyanishi, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8550, Japan
| | - M Shiraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, 1610-1 Meisei, Misato, Azumino, Nagano, 399-8101, Japan
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kye S, Chung YS, Kim JH, Chon D, Lee KE. Diet quality and osteosarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling adults 50 years and older. Maturitas 2017; 104:73-79. [PMID: 28923178 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between diet quality and osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), low bone and muscle mass with concurrent high fat mass, in middle-aged and older adults. STUDY DESIGN Data were from a cross-sectional study of 2579 men and 3550 women aged 50 years and older who completed the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2008 to 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Data were collected using 24-h dietary recall, and diet quality was determined by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), on which higher scores denote better quality. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The association between dietary quality and the number of body composition abnormalities (including OSO) was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS In women, after controlling for covariates, higher scores on the DQI-I were associated with a significantly lower number of phenotypes associated with adverse body composition. Those in the highest tertile group of DQI-I were less likely to have OSO compared with those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio=0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.92). In men, DQI-I scores were not associated with the number of body composition abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged and older women who eat a healthier diet, as determined by a high DQI-I score, are less likely to have multiple body composition abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghee Kye
- Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Gachon University, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Promotion and Policy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doukyoung Chon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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JafariNasabian P, Inglis JE, Reilly W, Kelly OJ, Ilich JZ. Aging human body: changes in bone, muscle and body fat with consequent changes in nutrient intake. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R37-R51. [PMID: 28442508 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging affects almost all physiological processes, but changes in body composition and body phenotype are most observable. In this review, we focus on these changes, including loss of bone and muscle and increase in body fat or redistribution of the latter, possibly leading to osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome. We also address low-grade chronic inflammation, prevalent in aging adults and a cause of many disorders including those associated with body composition. Changes in dietary intake and nutritional requirements of older individuals, that all may lead to some disturbances on tissue and organ levels, are discussed as well. Finally, we discuss the hormonal changes in the aging body, considering each of the tissues, bone, muscle and fat as separate endocrine organs, but yet in the continuous interface and communication with each other. Although there are still many unanswered questions in this field, this review will enable the readers to better understand the aging human body and measures needing to be implemented toward reducing impaired health and disability in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah JafariNasabian
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Julia E Inglis
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Wendimere Reilly
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jasminka Z Ilich
- Department of NutritionFood and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Ilich JZ. Another Impairment in Older Age: What Does Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome Mean for Middle-Aged and Older Women? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017. [PMID: 28623150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z Ilich
- Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
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Lopez ED, Aranda M, Tapia B, Diaz C. Higher protein intake in Mexican women with osteoporosis independently of eating behavior. Maturitas 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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