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Shrestha S, Zhu X, Sullivan KJ, Simino J, Lutsey PL, Gottesman RF, London SJ, Griswold ME, Mosley TH. Lung Function and Brain MRI Outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240162. [PMID: 38848187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Brain imaging studies may provide etiologic insight into observed links between lung function and dementia and stroke. Objective We evaluated associations of lung function measures with brain MRI markers of vascular and neurodegenerative disease in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study, as few studies have examined the associations. Methods Lung function was measured at participants' midlife in 1990-1992 (mean age = 56±5 years) and later-life in 2011-2013 (mean age = 76±5 years), and brain MRI was performed in 2011-2013. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations of lung function with brain and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, and logistic regression models were used for cerebral infarcts and microbleeds, adjusting for potential confounders. Results In cross-sectional analysis (i.e., examining later-life lung function and MRI markers, n = 1,223), higher forced-expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were associated with larger brain and lower WMH volumes [e.g., 8.62 (95% CI:2.54-14.71) cm3 greater total brain volume per one-liter higher FEV1]. No association was seen with microbleeds in the overall sample, but higher FVC was associated with lower odds of microbleeds in never-smokers and higher odds in ever-smokers. In the cross-temporal analysis (i.e., associations with midlife lung function, n = 1,787), higher FVC levels were significantly associated with lower later-life brain volumes. Conclusions Our results support modest associations of better lung function with less neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathology, although findings for microbleeds were unexpected in ever-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Shrestha
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Zhu
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kevin J Sullivan
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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2
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Mitroshina EV, Vedunova MV. The Role of Oxygen Homeostasis and the HIF-1 Factor in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4581. [PMID: 38731800 PMCID: PMC11083463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular underpinnings of neurodegeneration processes is a pressing challenge for medicine and neurobiology. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. To date, a substantial body of experimental evidence has strongly implicated hypoxia in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and other age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that triggers a cell survival program in conditions of oxygen deprivation. The involvement of HIF-1α in neurodegenerative processes presents a complex and sometimes contradictory picture. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of the interplay between hypoxia and the development of AD and PD, assess the involvement of HIF-1 in their pathogenesis, and summarize promising therapeutic approaches centered on modulating the activity of the HIF-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
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Park CH, Park JY, Cho WG. Chemical Hypoxia Induces Pyroptosis in Neuronal Cells by Caspase-Dependent Gasdermin Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2185. [PMID: 38396860 PMCID: PMC10889762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced neuronal death is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases. Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory programmed cell death mediated by elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we hypothesized that hypoxia-induced ROS may trigger pyroptosis via caspase-dependent gasdermin (GSDM) activation in neuronal cells. To test this, we exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to trigger hypoxia and then evaluated the cellular and molecular responses to hypoxic conditions. Our data revealed that CoCl2 induced cell growth inhibition and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to CoCl2 elicits excessive accumulation of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in SH-SY5Y cells. CoCl2-induced hypoxia not only activated the intrinsic (caspases-3, -7, and -9) apoptotic pathway but also induced caspase-3/GSDME-dependent and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Importantly, inhibition of caspase-3 and -1 using selective inhibitors ameliorated pyroptotic cell death and downregulated GSDM protein expression. Additionally, treatment with a ROS scavenger significantly suppressed caspase- and pyroptosis-related proteins in CoCl2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate that hypoxia-mediated ROS production plays an important role in the activation of both apoptosis and pyroptosis in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for hypoxia-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won Gil Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
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Fan Y, Liu X, Guan F, Hang X, He X, Jin J. Investigating the Potential Shared Molecular Mechanisms between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease via Transcriptomic Analysis. Viruses 2024; 16:100. [PMID: 38257800 PMCID: PMC10821526 DOI: 10.3390/v16010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 may elevate the risk of cognitive impairment and even cause dementia in infected individuals; it may accelerate cognitive decline in elderly patients with dementia, possibly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the interplay between AD and COVID-19 are still unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and associations between AD progression and SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a series of bioinformatics research into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, COVID-19 patients, AD patients, and SARS-CoV-2-infected AD patients. We identified the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in COVID-19 patients, AD patients, and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, and these DEGs are enriched in certain pathways, such as immune responses and cytokine storms. We constructed the gene interaction network with the signaling transduction module in the center and identified IRF7, STAT1, STAT2, and OAS1 as the hub genes. We also checked the correlations between several key transcription factors and the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pathway-related genes. We observed that ACE2 expression is positively correlated with IRF7 expression in AD and coronavirus infections, and interestingly, IRF7 is significantly upregulated in response to different RNA virus infections. Further snRNA-seq analysis indicates that NRGN neurons or endothelial cells may be responsible for the increase in ACE2 and IRF7 expression after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive correlation between ACE2 and IRF7 expressions is confirmed in the hippocampal formation (HF) of SARS-CoV-2-infected AD patients. Our findings could contribute to the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between AD and COVID-19 and to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AD patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaozhao Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Gharat R, Dixit G, Khambete M, Prabhu A. Targets, trials and tribulations in Alzheimer therapeutics. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176230. [PMID: 38042464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of extracellular amyloid beta senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the parts of the brain responsible for cognition. The therapeutic burden for the management of AD relies solely on cholinesterase inhibitors that provide only symptomatic relief. The urgent need for disease-modifying drugs has resulted in intensive research in this domain, which has led to better understanding of the disease pathology and identification of a plethora of new pathological targets. Currently, there are over a hundred and seventy clinical trials exploring disease modification, cognitive enhancement, and reduction of neuro-psychiatric complications. However, the path to developing safe and efficacious AD therapeutics has not been without challenges. Several clinical trials have been terminated in advanced stages due to lack of therapeutic translation or increased incidence of adverse events. This review presents an in-depth look at the various therapeutic targets of AD and the lessons learnt during their clinical assessment. Comprehensive understanding of the implication of modulating various aspects of Alzheimer brain pathology is crucial for development of drugs with potential to halt disease progression in Alzheimer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Gharat
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, VM Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi Dixit
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, VM Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mihir Khambete
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arati Prabhu
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, VM Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
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Madsen LS, Kjeldsen PL, Ismail R, Parbo P, Østergaard L, Brooks DJ, Eskildsen SF. Capillary dysfunction in healthy elderly APOE ε4 carriers with raised brain Aβ deposition. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:459-471. [PMID: 37679610 PMCID: PMC10917038 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capillary dysfunction, characterized by disturbances in capillary blood flow distribution, might be an overlooked factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated microvascular blood flow in preclinical and prodromal AD individuals. METHODS Using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, we examined alterations in microvascular circulation and levels of Aβ deposition in two independent cohorts of APOE ε4 carriers. RESULTS Capillary dysfunction was elevated in both prodromal and preclinical AD individuals compared to age-matched controls. Additionally, the prodromal group exhibited higher levels of capillary dysfunction compared to the preclinical group. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that capillary dysfunction can be detected at the preclinical stage of AD and indicates a worsening of capillary dysfunction throughout the AD continuum. Understanding the interaction between capillary dysfunction and Aβ could provide insights into the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the development of AD. HIGHLIGHTS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disturbances in microvascular circulation. Capillary dysfunction can be detected in preclinical AD. As cognitive symptoms progress in prodromal AD, capillary dysfunction worsens. Capillary dysfunction may impede the clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ). Capillary dysfunction might contribute to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse S. Madsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Pernille L. Kjeldsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSygehus LillebaeltVejleDenmark
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear MedicineOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of NeuroradiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - David J. Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET‐CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical ResearchUniversity of Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Simon F. Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative NeuroscienceDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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7
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Prajapat M, Kaur G, Choudhary G, Pahwa P, Bansal S, Joshi R, Batra G, Mishra A, Singla R, Kaur H, Prabha PK, Patel AP, Medhi B. A systematic review for the development of Alzheimer's disease in in vitro models: a focus on different inducing agents. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1296919. [PMID: 38173557 PMCID: PMC10761490 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1296919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease and is associated with dementia. Presently, various chemical and environmental agents are used to induce in-vitro models of Alzheimer disease to investigate the efficacy of different therapeutic drugs. We screened literature from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google scholar, emphasizing the diverse targeting mechanisms of neuro degeneration explored in in-vitro models. The results revealed studies in which different types of chemicals and environmental agents were used for in-vitro development of Alzheimer-targeting mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Studies using chemically induced in-vitro AD models included in this systematic review will contribute to a deeper understanding of AD. However, none of these models can reproduce all the characteristics of disease progression seen in the majority of Alzheimer's disease subtypes. Additional modifications would be required to replicate the complex conditions of human AD in an exact manner. In-vitro models of Alzheimer's disease developed using chemicals and environmental agents are instrumental in providing insights into the disease's pathophysiology; therefore, chemical-induced in-vitro AD models will continue to play vital role in future AD research. This systematic screening revealed the pivotal role of chemical-induced in-vitro AD models in advancing our understanding of AD pathophysiology and is therefore important to understand the potential of these chemicals in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Paras Pahwa
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (DU) University, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rubal Singla
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Alnaaim SA, Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Ali NH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. New insights on the potential anti-epileptic effect of metformin: Mechanistic pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3953-3965. [PMID: 37737447 PMCID: PMC10747420 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy is observed as a well-controlled disease by anti-epileptic agents (AEAs) in about 69%. However, 30%-40% of epileptic patients fail to respond to conventional AEAs leading to an increase in the risk of brain structural injury and mortality. Therefore, adding some FDA-approved drugs that have an anti-seizure activity to the anti-epileptic regimen is logical. The anti-diabetic agent metformin has anti-seizure activity. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of the anti-seizure activity of metformin was not entirely clarified. Henceforward, the objective of this review was to exemplify the mechanistic role of metformin in epilepsy. Metformin has anti-seizure activity by triggering adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling and inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways which are dysregulated in epilepsy. In addition, metformin improves the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which has a neuroprotective effect. Hence, metformin via induction of BDNF can reduce seizure progression and severity. Consequently, increasing neuronal progranulin by metformin may explain the anti-seizure mechanism of metformin. Also, metformin reduces α-synuclein and increases protein phosphatase 2A (PPA2) with modulation of neuroinflammation. In conclusion, metformin might be an adjuvant with AEAs in the management of refractory epilepsy. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud A. Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of MedicineKing Faisal UniversityHofufSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Israel LL, Braubach O, Shatalova ES, Chepurna O, Sharma S, Klymyshyn D, Galstyan A, Chiechi A, Cox A, Herman D, Bliss B, Hasen I, Ting A, Arechavala R, Kleinman MT, Patil R, Holler E, Ljubimova JY, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Sun T, Black KL. Exposure to environmental airborne particulate matter caused wide-ranged transcriptional changes and accelerated Alzheimer's-related pathology: A mouse study. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106307. [PMID: 37739136 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health, though a clear understanding of its mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we sought to better understand the effects of various sized particulate matter from polluted air on Alzheimer's disease (AD) development using an AD mouse model. We exposed transgenic Alzheimer's mice in their prodromic stage to different sized particulate matter (PM), with filtered clean air as control. After 3 or 6 months of exposure, mouse brains were harvested and analyzed. RNA-seq analysis showed that various PM have differential effects on the brain transcriptome, and these effects seemed to correlate with PM size. Many genes and pathways were affected after PM exposure. Among them, we found a strong activation in mRNA Nonsense Mediated Decay pathway, an inhibition in pathways related to transcription, neurogenesis and survival signaling as well as angiogenesis, and a dramatic downregulation of collagens. Although we did not detect any extracellular Aβ plaques, immunostaining revealed that both intracellular Aβ1-42 and phospho-Tau levels were increased in various PM exposure conditions compared to the clean air control. NanoString GeoMx analysis demonstrated a remarkable activation of immune responses in the PM exposed mouse brain. Surprisingly, our data also indicated a strong activation of various tumor suppressors including RB1, CDKN1A/p21 and CDKN2A/p16. Collectively, our data demonstrated that exposure to airborne PM caused a profound transcriptional dysregulation and accelerated Alzheimer's-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Oliver Braubach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina S Shatalova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Oksana Chepurna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Dmytro Klymyshyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - David Herman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Bishop Bliss
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Irene Hasen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Amanda Ting
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Arechavala
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine 92697, United States of America
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America
| | | | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America.
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States of America.
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Shrestha S, Zhu X, London SJ, Sullivan KJ, Lutsey PL, Windham BG, Griswold ME, Mosley TH. Association of Lung Function With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1637-1646. [PMID: 37392093 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the associations between lung function and incident dementia and cognitive decline in 12,688 participants in the ARIC Study who provided lung function measurements in 1990-1992. Cognitive tests were administered up to 7 times, and dementia was ascertained through 2019. We used shared parameter models to jointly fit proportional hazard models and linear mixed-effect models to estimate lung-function-associated dementia rate and cognitive change, respectively. Higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were associated with reduced dementia (n = 2,452 persons developed dementia); hazard ratios per 1-L increase in FEV1 and FVC were 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 0.89) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.89), respectively. Each 1-L increase in FEV1 and FVC was associated with a 0.08-standard deviation (SD) (95% CI: 0.05, 0.12) and a 0.05-SD (95% CI: 0.02, 0.07) attenuation of 30-year cognitive decline, respectively. A 1% increase in FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with 0.008-SD (95% CI: 0.004, 0.012) less cognitive decline. We observed statistical interaction between FEV1 and FVC, suggesting that cognitive declines depended on values of specific FEV1 and FVC (as compared with FEV1, FVC, or FEV1/FVC ratio models that suggested linear incremental associations). Our findings may have important implications for reducing the burden of cognitive decline that is attributable to environmental exposures and associated lung function impairment.
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11
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Yuan M, Feng Y, Zhao M, Xu T, Li L, Guo K, Hou D. Identification and verification of genes associated with hypoxia microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16252. [PMID: 37759083 PMCID: PMC10533856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases year by year, more people begin to study this disease. In recent years, many studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, autophagy, and other fields have confirmed that hypoxia is closely related to AD. However, no researchers have used bioinformatics methods to study the relationship between AD and hypoxia. Therefore, our study aimed to screen the role of hypoxia-related genes in AD and clarify their diagnostic significance. A total of 7681 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GSE33000 by differential expression analysis and cluster analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect 9 modules and 205 hub genes with high correlation coefficients. Next, machine learning algorithms were applied to 205 hub genes and four key genes were selected. Through the verification of external dataset and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the AD diagnostic model was established by ANTXR2, BDNF and NFKBIA. The bioinformatics analysis results suggest that hypoxia-related genes may increase the risk of AD. However, more in-depth studies are still needed to investigate their association, this article would guide the insights and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Yuan
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yanjin Feng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Mingri Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Liuhong Li
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Ke Guo
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Deren Hou
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Department of Neurology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
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12
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Pinky, Neha, Salman M, Kumar P, Khan MA, Jamal A, Parvez S. Age-related pathophysiological alterations in molecular stress markers and key modulators of hypoxia. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102022. [PMID: 37490963 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an adverse cellular environment and pathological alterations in distinct brain regions. The development is triggered or facilitated by a condition such as hypoxia or ischemia, or inflammation and is associated with disruptions of fundamental cellular functions, including metabolic and ion homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that hypoxia may affect many pathological aspects of AD, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, amyloidogenic processing of APP, and Aβ accumulation, which may collectively result in neurodegeneration. Further investigation into the relationship between hypoxia and AD may provide an avenue for the effective preservation and pharmacological treatment of this neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the effects of normoxia and hypoxia on AD pathogenesis and discusses the underlying mechanisms. Regulation of HIF-1α and the role of its key players, including P53, VEGF, and GLUT1, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Neha
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mohd Salman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Pratika Kumar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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Hendel MK, Rizzuto D, Grande G, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Laukka EJ, Fratiglioni L, Vetrano DL. Impact of Pneumonia on Cognitive Aging: A Longitudinal Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1453-1460. [PMID: 36526613 PMCID: PMC10395566 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute clinical events, such as pneumonia, may impact physical functionality but their effect on cognition and the possible duration of this effect remains to be quantified. This study investigated the impact of pneumonia on cognitive trajectories and dementia development in older people. METHODS Data were obtained from 60+ years old individuals, who were assessed from 2001 to 2018 in the population-based SNAC-K study (Sweden). Participants were eligible if they were not institutionalized, had no dementia, and did not experience pneumonia 5 years prior to baseline (N = 2 063). A propensity score was derived to match 1:3 participants hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia (N = 178), to nonexposed participants (N = 534). Mixed linear models were used to model cognitive decline. The hazard of dementia, clinically diagnosed by physicians following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, was estimated using Cox regression models. RESULTS We found a transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive decline in the first 2.5 years (B = -0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.75, -0.15). The hazard ratio (HR) for dementia was not statistically significantly increased in pneumonia participants (HR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.82, 1.66). CONCLUSIONS The transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive function suggests an increased need of health care for patients after a pneumonia-related hospitalization and reinforces the relevance of pneumonia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle K Hendel
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Rahman SO, Khan T, Iqubal A, Agarwal S, Akhtar M, Parvez S, Shah ZA, Najmi AK. Association between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease: A molecular landscape. Life Sci 2023:121899. [PMID: 37394097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a well-known hormone, has been implicated as a regulator of blood glucose levels for almost a century now. Over the past few decades, the non-glycemic actions of insulin i.e. neuronal growth and proliferation have been extensively studied. In 2005, Dr. Suzanne de La Monte and her team reported that insulin might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus coined a term "Type-3 diabetes" This hypothesis was supported by several subsequent studies. The nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers a cascade of events under the regulation of distinct mechanisms including protein stability, phosphorylation and nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling, finally leading to the protection against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 pathway has been investigated extensively in relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD. Many studies have indicated a strong correlation between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathways both in the periphery and the brainbut merely few of them have focused on elucidating their inter-connective role in AD. The present review emphasizes key molecular pathways that correlate the role of insulin with Nrf2 during AD. The review has also identified key unexplored areas that could be investigated in future to further establish the insulin and Nrf2 influence in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tahira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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15
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Balan I, Bilger N, Saparov D, Hryb I, Abdyraimov A. Sleep Deprivation in Middle Age May Increase Dementia Risk: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e37425. [PMID: 37181993 PMCID: PMC10174673 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases present increasing interest in clinical practice for the aging population and involve dysregulation of sleep-wake behaviors. Approximately 5.8 million adults aged 65 and older were living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States in 2020 with increased mortality compared to the declining cardiovascular and cancer death rates. We conducted an extensive literature review to evaluate and synthesize evidence regarding the association between short sleep duration or sleep deprivation and the risk of developing all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. There are multiple mechanisms describing brain damage, such as brain hypoxia, oxidative stress, or blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, induced by chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and the potential correlation with future cognitive decline and dementia. More studies are necessary to identify the specific factors involved in the sleep loss-cognitive decline association that could be taken into consideration while elaborating recommendations for dementia prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Geriatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, Bronx, USA
| | - Nataliya Bilger
- Clinical Simulation Center, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Dosbai Saparov
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ihor Hryb
- Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Azamat Abdyraimov
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, KGZ
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16
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Chia KH, Chang YY, Chen TY, Hsieh PY, Huang CC, Lee TH, Chen CH, Chen WL, Chou CC, Lin YR. The adjusted impact of different severities of acute exacerbations and medications on the risk of developing dementia in COPD patients. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:103. [PMID: 36991385 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dementia has been reported, the initial severity upon emergency department (ED) visits and the medications used have not been well evaluated as risk factors for increased dementia occurrence. We aimed to analyze the risks of dementia development over 5 years among patients with COPD compared to matched controls (primary) and the impact of different severities of acute exacerbations (AEs) of COPD and medications on the risk of dementia development among COPD patients (secondary). METHOD This study used the Taiwanese government deidentified health care database. We enrolled patients during the 10-year study period (January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2010), and each patient was followed up for 5 years. Once these patients received a diagnosis of dementia or died, they were no longer followed up. The study group included 51,318 patients who were diagnosed with COPD and 51,318 matched (in terms of age, sex, and the number of hospital visits) non-COPD patients from the remaining patients as the control group. Each patient was followed up for 5 years to analyze the risk of dementia with Cox regression analysis. Data on medications (antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids) and severity at the initial ED visit (ED treatment only, hospital admission, or ICU admission) were collected for both groups, as well as demographics and baseline comorbidities, which were considered confounding factors. RESULTS In the study and control groups, 1,025 (2.0%) and 423 (0.8%) patients suffered from dementia, respectively. The unadjusted HR for dementia was 2.51 (95% CI: 2.24-2.81) in the study group. Bronchodilator treatment was associated with the HRs, especially among those who received long-term (> 1 month) treatment (HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.91-2.45). Furthermore, among 3,451 AE of COPD patients who initially visited the ED, patients who required ICU admission (n = 164, 4.7%) had a higher risk of dementia occurrence (HR = 11.05, 95% CI: 7.77-15.71). CONCLUSION Bronchodilator administration might be associated with a decreased risk of dementia development. More importantly, patients who suffered AEs of COPD and initially visited the ED and required ICU admission had a higher risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hua Chia
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yuanlin Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tren-Yi Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-You Hsieh
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Huang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Hsu Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chung Chou
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ren Lin
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
- Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Makhdoomi S, Ariafar S, Mirzaei F, Mohammadi M. Aluminum neurotoxicity and autophagy: a mechanistic view. Neurol Res 2023; 45:216-225. [PMID: 36208459 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
It is strongly believed that aluminum is one of the insalubrious agents because of its neurotoxicity effects and influences on amyloid β (Aβ) production and tau protein hyperphosphorylation following oxidative stress, as one of the initial events in neurotoxicity. The autophagy process plays a considerable role in neurons in preserving intracellular homeostasis and recycling organelles and proteins, especially Aβ and soluble tau. Thus, autophagy is suggested to ameliorate aluminum neurotoxicity effects, and dysfunction of this process can lead to an increase in detrimental proteins. However, the relationship between aluminum neurotoxicity and autophagy dysregulation in some dimensions remains unclear. In the present review, we want to give an overview of the autophagy roles in aluminum neurotoxicity and how dysregulation of autophagy can affect aluminum neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Makhdoomi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saba Ariafar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Madsen LS, Parbo P, Ismail R, Gottrup H, Østergaard L, Brooks DJ, Eskildsen SF. Capillary dysfunction correlates with cortical amyloid load in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:1-9. [PMID: 36610198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cerebral perfusion is increasingly considered to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and together with accumulated amyloid-β, deficiencies in the brain microvascular circulation may result in local hypoxia. Here, we studied alterations in cerebral circulation and the correlation between amyloid-β load and cerebral perfusion in prodromal AD (pAD). Using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI and PET, we evaluated cerebral perfusion and amyloid-β levels in 19 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and high amyloid-β load (pAD-MCI), 13 MCI individuals without AD pathology and 21 healthy controls. The pAD-MCI group showed significantly lower microvascular blood flow and significantly higher heterogeneity of microvascular blood transit times (p < 0.01) compared with the other 2 groups. Additionally, in the pAD-MCI group raised amyloid-β levels correlated with decreased microvascular blood flow and increased heterogeneity of microvascular blood flow in frontal and temporal areas (p < 0.01). These results indicate a close connection between levels of amyloid-β deposition and brain microvascular perfusion in pAD. A vicious cycle may be established where amyloid-β load and deficiencies in brain perfusion may reinforce each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse S Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Peter Parbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rola Ismail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sygehus Lillebaelt, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Simon F Eskildsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alsayegh AA, Hakami ZH, Khamjan NA, Saad HM, Batiha GES, De Waard M. A Potential Link Between Visceral Obesity and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:745-766. [PMID: 36409447 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Visceral obesity (VO) is usually associated with low-grade inflammation due to higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the potential link between VO and the development of AD. Tissue hypoxia in obesity promotes tissue injury, production of adipocytokines, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an oxidative-inflammatory loop with induction of insulin resistance. Importantly, brain insulin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and lower cognitive function. Obesity and enlargement of visceral adipose tissue are associated with the deposition of Aβ. All of this is consonant with VO increasing the risk of AD through the dysregulation of adipocytokines which affect the development of AD. The activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in VO might be a potential link in the development of AD. Likewise, the higher concentration of advanced glycation end-products in VO could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, different inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in VO that all have a negative impact on the cognitive function and progression of AD except hypoxia-inducible factor 1 which has beneficial and neuroprotective effects in mitigating the progression of AD. In addition, VO-mediated hypoadiponectinemia and leptin resistance may promote the progression of Aβ formation and tau phosphorylation with the development of AD. In conclusion, VO-induced AD is mainly mediated through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, leptin resistance, and hypoadiponectinemia that collectively trigger Aβ formation and neuroinflammation. Thus, early recognition of VO by visceral adiposity index with appropriate management could be a preventive measure against the development of AD in patients with VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki H Hakami
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar A Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120, Saint-Egrève, France.,L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007, Nantes, France.,LabEx «Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France
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20
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Arias C, Sepúlveda P, Castillo RL, Salazar LA. Relationship between Hypoxic and Immune Pathways Activation in the Progression of Neuroinflammation: Role of HIF-1α and Th17 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043073. [PMID: 36834484 PMCID: PMC9964721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common event in degenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, triggered by alterations in the immune system or inflammatory cascade. The pathophysiology of these disorders is multifactorial, whereby the therapy available has low clinical efficacy. This review propounds the relationship between the deregulation of T helper cells and hypoxia, mainly Th17 and HIF-1α molecular pathways, events that are involved in the occurrence of the neuroinflammation. The clinical expression of neuroinflammation is included in prevalent pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease, among others. In addition, therapeutic targets are analyzed in relation to the pathways that induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence:
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21
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Orekhova K, Selmanovic E, De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Wicinski B, Maloney B, Seifert A, Alipour A, Balchandani P, Gerussi T, Graïc JM, Centelleghe C, Di Guardo G, Mazzariol S, Hof PR. Multimodal Assessment of Bottlenose Dolphin Auditory Nuclei Using 7-Tesla MRI, Immunohistochemistry and Stereology. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120692. [PMID: 36548853 PMCID: PMC9781543 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of assessing neurochemical processes in the cetacean brain as a tool for monitoring their cognitive health and to indirectly model human neurodegenerative conditions is increasingly evident, although available data are largely semiquantitative. High-resolution MRI for post-mortem brains and stereology allow for quantitative assessments of the cetacean brain. In this study, we scanned two brains of bottlenose dolphins in a 7-Tesla (7T) MR scanner and assessed the connectivity of the inferior colliculi and ventral cochlear nuclei using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Serial thick sections were investigated stereologically in one of the dolphins to generate rigorous quantitative estimates of identifiable cell types according to their morphology and expression of molecular markers, yielding reliable cell counts with most coefficients of error <10%. Fibronectin immunoreactivity in the dolphin resembled the pattern in a human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain, suggesting that neurochemical compensation for insults such as hypoxia may constitute a noxious response in humans, while being physiological in dolphins. These data contribute to a growing body of knowledge on the morphological and neurochemical properties of the dolphin brain and highlight a stereological and neuroimaging workflow that may enable quantitative and translational assessment of pathological processes in the dolphin brain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Orekhova
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Enna Selmanovic
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Miguel A. Gama Sosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
| | - Bridget Wicinski
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brigid Maloney
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Vocal Learning, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan Seifert
- Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Akbar Alipour
- Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Priti Balchandani
- Department of Radiology, BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute (BMEII), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tommaso Gerussi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Guardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova AGRIPOLIS, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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22
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Mikkelsen ACD, Thomsen KL, Mookerjee RP, Hadjihambi A. The role of brain inflammation and abnormal brain oxygen homeostasis in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 38:1707-1716. [PMID: 36326976 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) and has a complex pathogenesis. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported the presence of both peripheral and brain inflammation in CLD and their potential impact in the development of HE. Altered brain vascular density and tone, as well as compromised cerebral and systemic blood flow contributing to the development of brain hypoxia, have also been reported in animal models of HE, while a decrease in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and cerebral blood flow has consistently been observed in patients with HE. Whilst significant strides in our understanding have been made over the years, evaluating all these mechanistic elements in vivo and showing causal association with development of HE, have been limited through the practical constraints of experimentation. Nonetheless, improvements in non-invasive assessments of different neurophysiological parameters, coupled with techniques to assess changes in inflammatory and metabolic pathways, will help provide more granular insights on these mechanisms. In this special issue we discuss some of the emerging evidence supporting the hypothesis that brain inflammation and abnormal oxygen homeostasis occur interdependently during CLD and comprise important contributors to the development of HE. This review aims at furnishing evidence for further research in brain inflammation and oxygen homeostasis as additional therapeutic targets and potentially diagnostic markers for HE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, SE5 9NT, UK.
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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23
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Kosyreva AM, Sentyabreva AV, Tsvetkov IS, Makarova OV. Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091237. [PMID: 36138973 PMCID: PMC9496782 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The main theory of Alzheimer’s disease progress is the amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. However, the initial mechanisms of insoluble forms of amyloid-β formation and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons remain unclear. One of the factors, which might play a key role in senile plaques and tau fibrils generation due to Alzheimer’s disease, is inflammaging, i.e., systemic chronic low-grade age-related inflammation. The activation of the proinflammatory cell phenotype is observed during aging, which might be one of the pivotal mechanisms for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer’s disease. This review discusses the role of the inflammatory processes in developing neurodegeneration, activated during physiological aging and due to various diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and depressive disorders.
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24
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Davies TC. The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 4:236. [PMID: 35909942 PMCID: PMC9326422 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The term diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) or idiopathic diseases is used to describe diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental co-factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into humans, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as co-factors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in the immune system may engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA. Article highlights The importance of a proper understanding of geochemical perturbations in human metabolisms is emphasisedIt is proferred that such an understanding would aid greatly in the decipherment of diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA)The thesis presented may pave the way towards better diagnosis and therapy of DUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus C. Davies
- Present Address: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, 4031, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
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25
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Zhu WM, Neuhaus A, Beard DJ, Sutherland BA, DeLuca GC. Neurovascular coupling mechanisms in health and neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2276-2292. [PMID: 35551356 PMCID: PMC9337814 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To match the metabolic demands of the brain, mechanisms have evolved to couple neuronal activity to vasodilation, thus increasing local cerebral blood flow and delivery of oxygen and glucose to active neurons. Rather than relying on metabolic feedback signals such as the consumption of oxygen or glucose, the main signalling pathways rely on the release of vasoactive molecules by neurons and astrocytes, which act on contractile cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes are the contractile cells associated with arterioles and capillaries, respectively, which relax and induce vasodilation. Much progress has been made in understanding the complex signalling pathways of neurovascular coupling, but issues such as the contributions of capillary pericytes and astrocyte calcium signal remain contentious. Study of neurovascular coupling mechanisms is especially important as cerebral blood flow dysregulation is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease. In this article we will discuss developments and controversies in the understanding of neurovascular coupling and finish by discussing current knowledge concerning neurovascular uncoupling in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston M Zhu
- Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ain Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Beard
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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26
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Frontera JA, Boutajangout A, Masurkar AV, Betensky RA, Ge Y, Vedvyas A, Debure L, Moreira A, Lewis A, Huang J, Thawani S, Balcer L, Galetta S, Wisniewski T. Comparison of serum neurodegenerative biomarkers among hospitalized COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:899-910. [PMID: 35023610 PMCID: PMC9011610 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurological complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients may be associated with elevated neurodegenerative biomarkers. METHODS Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients without a history of dementia (N = 251), we compared serum total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), and amyloid beta (Aβ40,42) between patients with or without encephalopathy, in-hospital death versus survival, and discharge home versus other dispositions. COVID-19 patient biomarker levels were also compared to non-COVID cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia controls (N = 161). RESULTS Admission t-tau, p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL were significantly elevated in patients with encephalopathy and in those who died in-hospital, while t-tau, GFAP, and NfL were significantly lower in those discharged home. These markers correlated with severity of COVID illness. NfL, GFAP, and UCHL1 were higher in COVID patients than in non-COVID controls with MCI or AD. DISCUSSION Neurodegenerative biomarkers were elevated to levels observed in AD dementia and associated with encephalopathy and worse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yulin Ge
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alok Vedvyas
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ludovic Debure
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andre Moreira
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ariane Lewis
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Joshua Huang
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sujata Thawani
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Laura Balcer
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven Galetta
- New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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27
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Maina JN, Icardo JM, Zaccone G, Aragona M, Lauriano ER, Alesci A, Albano M, Guerrera MC, Germana A, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V, Capillo G. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the immune cell system and epithelial surfaces of the respiratory organs in the bimodally-breathing African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3212-3229. [PMID: 35142056 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ach, represents the old neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system. Its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs) constitute an independent cholinergic system that is found in immune cells and playsa key role in regulation of the immune function and cytokine production. Gas exchanging surfaces of the gills and air-breathing organs (ABOs) of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus were investigated using ultrastructural and confocal immunofluorescence techniques. This study was predominantly focused on the structure of the immune cell types, the expression of their neurotransmitters, including the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 1, and the functional significance of respiratory gas exchange epithelia. A network of immune cells (monocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells) was observed in the gill and theABO epithelia. Eosinophils containing 5HT immunoreactivity were seen in close association with mast cells expressing acetylcholine (Ach), 5HT, nNOS and piscidin 1. A rich and dense cholinergic innervation dispersing across the islet capillaries of the gas exchange barrier, and the localization of Ach in the squamous pavement cells covering the capillaries, were evidenced byVAChT antibodies.We report for the first time that piscidin 1(Pis 1) positive mast cells interact with Pis 1 positive nerves found in the epithelia of the respiratory organs.Pis 1 immunoreactivity was also observed in the covering respiratory epithelium of the ABOs and associated with a role in local mucosal immune defense . The above results anticipate future studies on the neuro-immune interactions at mucosal barrier surfaces, like the gill and the skin of fish, areas densely populated by different immune cells and sensory nerves that constantly sense and adapt to tissue-specific environmental challenges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ndegwa Maina
- Department of Zoology, Auckland Park Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jose Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy.,Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) , National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy
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28
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Barbieri MA, Bagnato G, Ioppolo C, Versace AG, Irrera N. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Neurological Disorders: Focus on Patients with Dementia. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:1017-1026. [PMID: 35021982 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220111124928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) represents a public health problem worldwide. COVID-19 triggers a maladaptive cytokine release commonly referred to as cytokine storm syndrome with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which also appears to contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders' appearance, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 might enter the central nervous system through binding with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors which are highly expressed in glial cells and neurons. For this reason, an association between COVID-19, its dependent cytokine storm, and the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders might be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on the possible increased mortality risk and/or deterioration of the clinical course of pre-existing chronic neurological diseases in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Barbieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Ioppolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Versace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Strategic Modification of Gut Microbiota through Oral Bacteriotherapy Influences Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α: Therapeutic Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010357. [PMID: 35008786 PMCID: PMC8745493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, and oral bacteriotherapy represents a promising preventative and therapeutic opportunity to remodel gut microbiota and to delay AD onset and progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid and tau proteins aggregation. Specifically, SLAB51 multi-strain probiotic formulation positively influences multiple neuro-chemical pathways, but exact links between probiotics oral consumption and cerebral beneficial effects remain a gap of knowledge. Considering that cerebral blood oxygenation is particularly reduced in AD and that the decreased neurovascular function contributes to AD damages, hypoxia conditioning represents an encouraging strategy to cure diseases of the central nervous system. In this work, 8-week-old 3xTg-AD and wild-type mice were chronically supplemented with SLAB51 to evaluate effects on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key molecule regulating host-microbial crosstalk and a potential target in neurodegenerative pathologies. We report evidence that chronic supplementation with SLAB51 enhanced cerebral expression of HIF-1α and decreased levels of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), an oxygen dependent regulator of HIF-1α degradation; moreover, it successfully counteracted the increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) brain expression and nitric oxide plasma levels in AD mice. Altogether, the results demonstrate an additional mechanism through which SLAB51 exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in this model of AD.
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30
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Schirò G, Balistreri CR. The close link between brain vascular pathological conditions and neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on some examples and potential treatments. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 142:106951. [PMID: 34942382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A close relationship is emerging among the age-related neurodegenerative decline, and the age-related typical alterations, dysfunctions, and related diseases of the cerobro-and/or cardiovascular system, which contributes in a significative manner to the triggering and progressing of neurodegenerative diseases (NeuroDegD). Specifically, macroinfarcts, microinfarcts, micro-hemorrhages (and particularly their number), atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy have been documented to be significantly associated with the onset of the cognitive impairment. In addition, vascular alterations and dysfunctions resulting in a reduced cerebral blood flow, and anomalies in the brain blood barrier (BBB), have been also demonstrated to contribute to NeuroDegD pathophysiologic processes. At the same time, such vascular alterations are also observed in cognitively unimpaired subjects. Here, some of these aspects are described with a particular focus on some NeuroDegD, as well as potential strategies for delaying or stopping their onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
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31
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Jeremic D, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Past, present and future of therapeutic strategies against amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101496. [PMID: 34687956 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in ageing, affecting around 46 million people worldwide but few treatments are currently available. The etiology of AD is still puzzling, and new drugs development and clinical trials have high failure rates. Urgent outline of an integral (multi-target) and effective treatment of AD is needed. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is considered one of the fundamental neuropathological pillars of the disease, and its dyshomeostasis has shown a crucial role in AD onset. Therefore, many amyloid-targeted therapies have been investigated. Here, we will systematically review recent (from 2014) investigational, follow-up and review studies focused on anti-amyloid strategies to summarize and analyze their current clinical potential. Combination of anti-Aβ therapies with new developing early detection biomarkers and other therapeutic agents acting on early functional AD changes will be highlighted in this review. Near-term approval seems likely for several drugs acting against Aβ, with recent FDA approval of a monoclonal anti-Aβ oligomers antibody -aducanumab- raising hopes and controversies. We conclude that, development of oligomer-epitope specific Aβ treatment and implementation of multiple improved biomarkers and risk prediction methods allowing early detection, together with therapies acting on other factors such as hyperexcitability in early AD, could be the key to slowing this global pandemic.
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32
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Hypoxia and the Kynurenine Pathway: Implications and Therapeutic Prospects in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5522981. [PMID: 34804368 PMCID: PMC8598363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease predominantly pose a significant socioeconomic burden. Characterized by progressive neural dysfunction coupled with motor or intellectual impairment, the pathogenesis of ND may result from contributions of certain environmental and molecular factors. One such condition is hypoxia, characterized by reduced organ/tissue exposure to oxygen. Reduced oxygen supply often occurs during the pathogenesis of ND and the aging process. Despite the well-established relationship between these two conditions (i.e., hypoxia and ND), the underlying molecular events or mechanisms connecting hypoxia to ND remain ill-defined. However, the relatedness may stem from the protective or deleterious effects of the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). The upregulation of HIF-1α occurs in the pathogenesis of most NDs. The dual function of HIF-1α in acting as a "killer factor" or a "protective factor" depends on the prevailing local cellular condition. The kynurenine pathway is a metabolic pathway involved in the oxidative breakdown of tryptophan. It is essential in neurotransmission and immune function and, like hypoxia, associated with ND. Thus, a good understanding of factors, including hypoxia (i.e., the biochemical implication of HIF-1α) and kynurenine pathway activation in NDs, focusing on Alzheimer's disease could prove beneficial to new therapeutic approaches for this disease, thus the aim of this review.
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Hambali A, Kumar J, Hashim NFM, Maniam S, Mehat MZ, Cheema MS, Mustapha M, Adenan MI, Stanslas J, Hamid HA. Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Centella asiatica. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712317. [PMID: 34721056 PMCID: PMC8551388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterised by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid fibrillary plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. Recurring failures of drug candidates targeting these pathways have prompted research in AD multifactorial pathogenesis, including the role of neuroinflammation. Triggered by various factors, such as hypoxia, neuroinflammation is strongly linked to AD susceptibility and/or progression to dementia. Chronic hypoxia induces neuroinflammation by activating microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, along with an increased in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, features that are common to many degenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Hence, interests are emerging on therapeutic agents and plant derivatives for AD that target the hypoxia-neuroinflammation pathway. Centella asiatica is one of the natural products reported to show neuroprotective effects in various models of CNS diseases. Here, we review the complex hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and the potential application of Centella asiatica as a therapeutic agent in AD or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah Hambali
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfadli Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Manraj Singh Cheema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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34
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Correia SC, Moreira PI. Oxygen Sensing and Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: A Breathtaking Story! Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:3-21. [PMID: 34510330 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen sensing and homeostasis is indispensable for the maintenance of brain structural and functional integrity. Under low-oxygen tension, the non-diseased brain has the ability to cope with hypoxia by triggering a homeostatic response governed by the highly conserved hypoxia-inducible family (HIF) of transcription factors. With the advent of advanced neuroimaging tools, it is now recognized that cerebral hypoperfusion, and consequently hypoxia, is a consistent feature along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Of note, the reduction in cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation detected during the prodromal phases of AD, drastically aggravates as disease progresses. Within this scenario a fundamental question arises: How HIF-driven homeostatic brain response to hypoxia "behaves" during the AD continuum? In this sense, the present review is aimed to critically discuss and summarize the current knowledge regarding the involvement of hypoxia and HIF signaling in the onset and progression of AD pathology. Importantly, the promises and challenges of non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies aimed to target hypoxia will be discussed as a new "hope" to prevent and/or postpone the neurodegenerative events that occur in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia C Correia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 1st Floor, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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On the Common Journey of Neural Cells through Ischemic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189689. [PMID: 34575845 PMCID: PMC8472292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease (AD) both lead to cell death in the central nervous system (CNS) and thus negatively affect particularly the elderly population. Due to the lack of a definitive cure for brain ischemia and AD, it is advisable to carefully study, compare, and contrast the mechanisms that trigger, and are involved in, both neuropathologies. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may help ameliorate, or even prevent, the destructive effects of neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we deal with ischemic damage and AD, with the main emphasis on the common properties of these CNS disorders. Importantly, we discuss the Wnt signaling pathway as a significant factor in the cell fate determination and cell survival in the diseased adult CNS. Finally, we summarize the interesting findings that may improve or complement the current sparse and insufficient treatments for brain ischemia and AD, and we delineate prospective directions in regenerative medicine.
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36
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Lestón Pinilla L, Ugun-Klusek A, Rutella S, De Girolamo LA. Hypoxia Signaling in Parkinson's Disease: There Is Use in Asking "What HIF?". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:723. [PMID: 34439955 PMCID: PMC8389254 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by insufficient tissue oxygenation, which results in impaired oxidative energy production. A reduction in cellular oxygen levels induces the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-1α), master regulator of the molecular response to hypoxia, involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and driving hypoxic adaptation through the control of gene expression. Due to its high energy requirement, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxygen shortage. Thus, hypoxic injury can cause significant metabolic changes in neural cell populations, which are associated with neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that regulating HIF-1α may ameliorate the cellular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, the hypoxia/HIF-1α signaling pathway has been associated to several processes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) including gene mutations, risk factors and molecular pathways such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and protein degradation impairment. This review will explore the impact of hypoxia and HIF-1α signaling on these specific molecular pathways that influence PD development and will evaluate different novel neuroprotective strategies involving HIF-1α stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lestón Pinilla
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
| | - Luigi A. De Girolamo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
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37
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Everett J, Lermyte F, Brooks J, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Plascencia-Villa G, Hands-Portman I, Donnelly JM, Billimoria K, Perry G, Zhu X, Sadler PJ, O'Connor PB, Collingwood JF, Telling ND. Biogenic metallic elements in the human brain? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6707. [PMID: 34108207 PMCID: PMC8189590 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of copper and iron plays a critical role in normal brain function. A variety of enzymes and proteins containing positively charged Cu+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ control key processes, catalyzing oxidative metabolism and neurotransmitter and neuropeptide production. Here, we report the discovery of elemental (zero-oxidation state) metallic Cu0 accompanying ferromagnetic elemental Fe0 in the human brain. These nanoscale biometal deposits were identified within amyloid plaque cores isolated from Alzheimer's disease subjects, using synchrotron x-ray spectromicroscopy. The surfaces of nanodeposits of metallic copper and iron are highly reactive, with distinctly different chemical and magnetic properties from their predominant oxide counterparts. The discovery of metals in their elemental form in the brain raises new questions regarding their generation and their role in neurochemistry, neurobiology, and the etiology of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Frederik Lermyte
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jane M Donnelly
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kharmen Billimoria
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Joanna F Collingwood
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Neil D Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK.
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38
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Vidal C, Zhang L. An Analysis of the Neurological and Molecular Alterations Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030546. [PMID: 33806317 PMCID: PMC7998384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Unfortunately, despite decades of studies being performed on these histological alterations, there is no effective treatment or cure for AD. Identifying the molecular characteristics of the disease is imperative to understanding the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, uncovering the key causative alterations of AD can be valuable in developing models for AD treatment. Several alterations have been implicated in driving this disease, including blood–brain barrier dysfunction, hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, glucose hypometabolism, and altered heme homeostasis. Although these alterations have all been associated with the progression of AD, the root cause of AD has not been identified. Intriguingly, recent studies have pinpointed dysfunctional heme metabolism as a culprit of the development of AD. Heme has been shown to be central in neuronal function, mitochondrial respiration, and oxidative stress. Therefore, dysregulation of heme homeostasis may play a pivotal role in the manifestation of AD and its various alterations. This review will discuss the most common neurological and molecular alterations associated with AD and point out the critical role heme plays in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-972-883-5757
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39
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Hassan H, Chen R. Hypoxia in Alzheimer's disease: effects of hypoxia inducible factors. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:310-311. [PMID: 32859789 PMCID: PMC7896215 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Halimatu Hassan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ruoli Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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40
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Banerjee B, Koner D, Karasik D, Saha N. Genome-wide identification of novel long non-coding RNAs and their possible roles in hypoxic zebrafish brain. Genomics 2020; 113:29-43. [PMID: 33264657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the master regulators of numerous biological processes. Hypoxia causes oxidative stress with severe and detrimental effects on brain function and acts as a critical initiating factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). From the RNA-Seq in the forebrain (Fb), midbrain (Mb), and hindbrain (Hb) regions of hypoxic and normoxic zebrafish, we identified novel lncRNAs, whose potential cis targets showed involvement in neuronal development and differentiation pathways. Under hypoxia, several lncRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed. Co-expression studies indicated that the Fb and Hb regions' potential lncRNA target genes were involved in the AD pathogenesis. In contrast, those in Mb (cry1b, per1a, cipca) was responsible for regulating circadian rhythm. We identified specific lncRNAs present in the syntenic regions between zebrafish and humans, possibly functionally conserved. We thus identified several conserved lncRNAs as the probable regulators of AD genes (adrb3b, cav1, stat3, bace2, apoeb, psen1, s100b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Debaprasad Koner
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - David Karasik
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Nirmalendu Saha
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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41
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Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 348:577362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Jakubauskienė E, Vilys L, Pečiulienė I, Kanopka A. The role of hypoxia on Alzheimer's disease-related APP and Tau mRNA formation. Gene 2020; 766:145146. [PMID: 32941952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The removal of introns from mRNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. The splicing machinery heavily contributes to biological complexity and especially to the ability of cells to adapt to altered cellular conditions. Hypoxia also plays a key role in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the presented study, we have examined the influence of cellular hypoxia on mRNA splice variant formation from Alzheimer's disease-related Tau and APP genes in brain cells. We have shown that the hypoxic microenvironment influenced the formation of Tau mRNA splice variants, but had no effect on APP mRNA splice variant formation. Additionally, our presented results indicate that splicing factor SRSF1 but not SRSF5 alters the formation of Tau cellular mRNA splice variants in hypoxic cells. Obtained results have also shown that hypoxic brain cells possess enhanced CLK1-4 kinase mRNA levels. This study underlines that cellular hypoxia can influence disease development through changing pre-mRNA splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurynas Vilys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Pečiulienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Kanopka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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43
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Kostyuk AI, Kokova AD, Podgorny OV, Kelmanson IV, Fetisova ES, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. Genetically Encoded Tools for Research of Cell Signaling and Metabolism under Brain Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E516. [PMID: 32545356 PMCID: PMC7346190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized by low oxygen content in the tissues. The central nervous system (CNS) is highly vulnerable to a lack of oxygen. Prolonged hypoxia leads to the death of brain cells, which underlies the development of many pathological conditions. Despite the relevance of the topic, different approaches used to study the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia have many limitations. One promising lead is the use of various genetically encoded tools that allow for the observation of intracellular parameters in living systems. In the first part of this review, we provide the classification of oxygen/hypoxia reporters as well as describe other genetically encoded reporters for various metabolic and redox parameters that could be implemented in hypoxia studies. In the second part, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the primary hypoxia model systems and highlight inspiring examples of research in which these experimental settings were combined with genetically encoded reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I. Kostyuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D. Kokova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Kelmanson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Fetisova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V. Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (A.D.K.); (O.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (E.S.F.); (V.V.B.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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